SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100450001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 127
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 21, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 18, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

I ~1PE `~~~~~ T~~~
UNOL HSS I F I E0-
M I BEN T I..F I C::
REPORT`
INFORMATION`
~.8 DECEMl~ER ..:.19.59 _ ~ 1 OF 2
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SGIEI~'TIFIC
INFORMATION REPORT
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUSINESS AND DEFENSE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 45, D.C. ~ ~)tllrll /.~ -' hicw?.~t' l.,.ucl.~e
.,~.'.1IIl?^G~.1ll'~' ~.'~I/11. ~I' L~ky
~ ~/ : +..'
Issued semi-monthly. Annual subscription 628.00 (S4 additional fo~~' ~~~.~ ~ ~ .~.
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Use of funds for printing this publication approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1958.
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PLEASE NOTE
Thais report presents unevaluated in~oz7na?tion extracted
1 rom recen?t1y received publications o:C the USSR grid
Eastern Eux?ope . The in:1 oz~nation selected :is in?tendecl ?to
indicate current scienti:Cic developments and activities
:1n ?Lhe eoun?tries oi: origin and is disseminated as an aid
to research in the United States.
SCIEIVTIFTC II~E'ORMATTON REPORT.'
Table o:P Contents
Pa.c
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
1
1
I~'uels and Propellants
5
Industrial Chemistry
10
Nuclear reels and Reactor Construction
Materials
11
Oz?ganic Chemistry
12
Radio Chemistry
16
Radiation Chemistry ~
1$
M:is ceLl.ane our
Ear??Lh Sciences
20
Electronics
22
2~
Communications
2~
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
26
Electronic Components
28
Electronic Computers
29
Gas Electronics
30
Ins-tr?~.unent:~ and Equipment
3~.
Ma.i;erials
35
Mir ~ellaneous
35
Mathematics
36
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AV:LQ~L:1,011 Medicine
Con~l:agious D1.seases
l;pidemiolo~
IYmmanolopr and Therapy
Oncology
Pliaa.?rntzcologr raJ1d Toxicuiogy
Physiology
Pub7.ic IIeci.l.?rh, Iiy~{iene, rand Sani't;ation
Rodiologr
S?srge ry
Veterinary Medicine
Miscellaneous
VT. Metz~.llurgy
VII. Physics
Nttcl.ea,r Physics
Plasma Physics
Solid Sta?L?e Physics
SPectroscoPY
Theoretical Phys:Lcs
Miscellaneous
NOTES Items in this report zzre numbered consecul;ively.
Pale
41
41
44
44
46
48
50
57
59
61.
66.
68
69
76
83
83
98
101
10~
117
11.9
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I. CITEMT~TRX
Anal~Llcal Chemistxy
1. Pa' ers Presented a?t b4cetin
Mendelcyev ConLmss
"The Sec?L-ion of Analytical Chemistxy at ?tlte l;ighth Mendeleyev
Congress of General and Applied Ch?~misi;ry," by G. N. I3ilimovich;
Moscow, Zhuxnal Analiticheskoy Ithim:i.i, Vol 111-, No ll?, Jtil~Aug 59,
CPYRGI~~ 571-512
"In the worlt oi' the Section of Analytical Chemistry, Eighth Mendeleyev
Congress ai' General and Applied Chemis?t,xy, held on 1G-23 March 1959, about
300 persons participated irho came :from a number o:f scientific research :Ln-
st:itutes, higher educational ins?t:tt~z?tions, and industrial enterprises of
the USSR. Scientists :from China, 13t~1.gar:ia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, fIungaxy,
and Italy also participated. Approximately j0 reports were given.
"Iai tine intx?oductory address given by him, I. P. Alimarin mv:iewed
progress in analytical chemisi-,ry and discussed px?esent-day problems in
'tlllu :field.
"Them was a sigrtii'icant number of reports in the follo~?r~ng principal
subdivisions or analytical chemistry: physical and physico-chemical methods
o:f analysis, applications of new organic reagents, elemental organic micro-
analysis, chromatographic analysis, and the application of tracer atoms in
analy-tical chemistry.
"I. V. Tananayev x~ported on tkz~~ application a:f physico-ch~.mzcal
analysis to heterogenous systenLs :for. th~~ solut7.on of a nttrnbo~~ of pz?ablems
iii analytical chemistry.
"A mpoi~t on pmsen?t-day tx?encls in the application oi' organic reagents
t~ras given by V. T. Kuznetsav. Iftzznetsa-r, in addition to outlining advances
in this particular field, pointed out a number of sr.ortcottux?.gs in trorl:
being done on the development, acid synt.?xosis oi' rea.~;ents that ar?~ n~~c~ded.
??lith the e:~ample of halide and tlziocyana?te ccmnlexes; A. Ir. Babl;.o showed
that them is a correlation between the s?tabi:l_:i.ty of camplo~:es and the pa-
cition op the central atoms of 1;11ese compl~:xes in the periodic system.
"The dependence oi' the staliility or oxime derivat:ivcs o:f Cu, Co; said
Pdi on the structum of the oxime molecule tress discussed by V. M. Peshkova
and V. M. Bochkova. V. F. Toropova reported. on the dual typo of inactions
which some compounds undergo when comple.ces are foxlned by them. Comnnan.ica-
tions were made by Z. F.Shakltova and collaborators and by A. I. I~okorin and
N. A. Polotebnova on some aspects of the application o= heteropoiy-acids in
analytical chemistry.
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"A Gx?ea?t ntunber of reports dealt with the application oi' nei~r orGanic
i?caGeiits :in ~uialysl.s . To Give a fe~~r e:tamplos ?, dialltylthiosphosplioric acid
diax^,~l?thiophosphoric acids ~?rcre used for the separation of a ntunber of
elcrnent:, (A. I. Busev and M. I? Ivariyittin) and also azylarsonic and aryl-
phosphinic acids (A. I. Pox?tnov). R. N. Lastovsl.iy and collaborators re-
l;~orted on some properties of netr sequesterinG agents ("complexons") . 13e-
pox-Ls by V. A. P1a~arenl;o, G. G. Shitareva, and A. I. Itononenlso concexziinG
the photometric de?Lexmina?L-icn of a nwnber o.C elements by methods involving
the application of f'luorone derivatives rece'i'ved a lot of attention. A. I.
Chex?kesov reported on ?tlze use made of ht3.:Lochromism phenomena in analytical
chemis txy .
"Definite interest was aroused by a report on the determination of
tantalum by a differential spectropho?tometry method (B. M. Doblsina and
T, . M. NLa,l.yittina) . A report by Yu . V . Morachevslciy and I . A. Stolyarova on
net~r highly sensitive methods o:P ruzalysis i~rith the use of a microscope employ-
inG tLltr. aviole?t 1'iglzt is worth riotinG .
"Several reports dealt with methods and theoretical problems in the
:field of spectral analysis (N. F. Zalchariya and G. A. Shcyn:i.n, E. Ye.
Va,yiishteyn and co-Srorkers) .
"Considerable proGress Bras made :i:z improving the methods of flame photo-
nc?txy (T1. S. Poluelc?L-ov and M. 1`d. NiY.onova) .
"Several reports dealt with the detexminatien of elements by polaro-
Gx?aphic methods (S. I. Sinyalcova, Z. B. Rozhdestvenslcaya and T. A. Ya,rovoy,
Ya. V. Goktzslzteyn). New data on the application of solid electrodes in
polaroGraphy were repox-t;ed by T. D. Parch?:?zl;.o, Yu? S. Zyalilsov, and their
co-s~rorlscrs . Kemula (Poland) Gave a ~rery intemstinG report on the polaro-
F;raphic determination of traces of metals by the suspended drop method.
J. Semexano (Italy) described the application of polarograplzy and spectro~-
photometry for clarification o:C the natux?e of Me-C, bonds in orGanometallic
compounds.
"E. biinczewsl:i (Poland) discussed -titration in nonaqueous solvents.
"A commtuzication by P1. I, Udal'tso~,*a and P. N. Pa.1Py dealt with appli-
cations of the method of amperomctric ~l;itra?L?ion with two electrodes in the
chemistry of uraniLUn and thoriwn.
"Considerable attention was paid to investigations in the field of
chromatoGraphy.
"M. M. Senyavin reported results clemonstratinG ?i-,lzat it is possible to
i'ox-etell conditions tuzder which chromatographic separations of elements can
be carried out by tal~.ng into consideration the position of these elements
in the periodic system. P. A. Velyavskaya told about the application of ion-
e:tichanGe methods in the investigation of the state in which substances are
present in solutions.
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CPYRGHT
"Interes?ting reports ~?rerc g:tven on ?L?lic chromatographic separation of
a nLUnber of elements (A. S. Vexnidub grid V. I. Petrashen' ), on problem
:involv'ecl in the control of properties of ion-e:cchange resins (N. G. PolyfuY-
slciy), on ?tlie chromatographic de?L-er,;.ir~at~ion of sulfanilamides in body liquid
(r. PSI. 5hemyalcin and others), and on the application of high-molecular poly-
mers in chromatographic asialys:t.s (G. L. S?tarobine?ts acid co-workers) . Gas
chromatogrophy was disCllSSed i11 't4I0 reports (one by A. A. Zhuldlovitslciy and
PJ. P4. 'ihtrlcel'?taub and another by G. Sax of I~Iungaxy) .
"Several papers discussed the application of radioactive isotopes in
the chromatographic investigation of processes of complex-foi~nation (E. I.
Ryabchilcov told coworlcers), in the investigation of the mechanism of co-
px?ecipi?tation of ions of xax?e metals with sulfides (N. A. Rudnev), and in
the determination of rare elements by the method of isotope dilution (I. P.
Alimarin, G. N. I3ilimovich).
"Among reports on elemental organic microanalysis, one may mention one
by Iv1. A. ICorshtux and N. E. Gelman and one by V. A. KLimova et al. dealing
with the development of rapid micromethods by which several elements can be
detexlnined simultaneously in the same sample of organic compounds contain-
ing boron, fluorine, anal silicon.
"Among reports presented by foreign scientists, a communication by the
Ch:uxese professor Liu Ta-lscuxg on the status of work on rare elements in the
People's Republic of China tras of particular interest. I~iu Ta-lcan~,~ pxesente
a valuable collection of rax?e earths -to the Soviet Union.
"The work of the section proceeded in a lively manner. Valuable sug-
gestions acid recommendations trere made at meetings of the section."
2. S~mthesis of New Organic Reagents for ?the Determination of Uranium,
Thoriumi and Rare-Earth Elements
"The Synthesis of 3,3'-Dinitrobenzidine and of the Analytical
Reagents Assenazo II, Thoron TI, and Phenazo," by V. I. Kuznetsov
Land S. B. Sawin; Leningrad, Zhurnal Priltladnoy Khimii, Vol 32,
No lo, oct 59, pp 2329-332
Iiphenyl- 1+,11?' - diarsonic acid - 3,3' - bis ~-azo-2) - l,6 - di'lzydro-
xynaphtholene - 3?,6 - disulf'onic acid) (arsenazo TI) and biphenyl - 1+,1+' -
diarsonic acid - 3,3' - bis (azo - 1) - 2 - hydroxynaph?thalene - 3,6 -
disulfonic acid (thoron TI) wexe found ?to be good analytical reagents for
uranium, thorium, rare-eaxth elements, and some other elements, 3,3' -
Dinitrobiphenyl -11?,1+' - bis ~ ? azo - 1+) phenol (phenazo) t?ra~ found to be
a promising reagent for magnesitun. 3,3' - Dinitrobenzidine is required for
the synthesis of the three compour,~ mentioned and also for some others,
e. g., diaminobenzidine, which is a good reagent for selenium.
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To uyrr?tlleaize the three real;errts mentioned in ?the title, 3,3' - clini~-
ti?oberizidirre is first diazotized cold arsonic acid gx?oups ax?c introduced
:i.rito i?L- irr the 1N cold ~' posi?tiona (Dax~L?h reaction) . The nitro-groups aa~:
i?cclueed 'to amino-groups, cued bis??diazotaL?iori is carried out. Tl1e bis-~
~liazo?tized 3,3' - diaminobiphenyl - 11,,1E' - diarsonic acid is coupled s~rith
chromotroX~l.c acid ?to prepare arscnazo TT acrd with R-salt to prepare thoron
IT. P1lenazo is Lynthes:Czed by COLlp1111g bis-diazo?tized 3,3' - dinitroberizidine
with phenol.
Iii the worl: reported in the article, procedures for the synthesis of
3,3' - dirlitrobenzidine have been improved. The syntheses of arscnazo TT
arld thoron TT axe described for the first time .
3 ? V. I. Kuznetzoy's Worlc on Solvent E.:trae?tion and the Development of
O~;anic Reagents i'or Metals
"9. T. I{uznetzov (On the Occasion of Iiis 50th Birthday)" (unsigned
article); Moscow, Zhurnal Anali?tichesl:o I4limii, Vol 11F, No 1+, Jul
Aug 59, pp 509-510
Prof V. T. Kuzne?tzov, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, is one of the most
prominent USSR analytical chemists. I3e is a specialist in the field of the
application of organic reagents arld author of more than 200 scientific
publications.
ICuznetzov is a graduate of Tomslt State University. After graduating,
11e was active at ?L?he All-Union Institute of Mineral Raw Materials and at
other scientific institutions . At present, he is I~iead of the Laboratory
of Or~an:lc Reagents, Tns?titute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
imen3 V. T. Verrladslsiy, Academy of Sciences USSR.
Kitznetzovconcentrated on ?tlie development and investigation of organic
?eagents for diffexent applications in anal:y-tical chemistry. This includes
1eagents for color reactions anct for extraction and coprecipitation. On
~;;he basis of work done by I{uznetzov, scores of aazalytical methods that are
being applied in pxactice were developed :i.11 the USSR and abroad. Among the
i?cagents developed by him, one may rnentiou thoron, arscnazo (ttranon), and
?L?lieir analogs -- antlrrazo, phenazo, phensulCazo, "antralshas," s?+;ilbazo,
etc . Kuzne?Lzov has done outstanding z~roxk t~rith regard to the formulation of
tileore'tical relationships pertain:Irlg to the solvent extraction of elements ,
IIe was the first to introduce new concepts pzrtaini.ng to different mechanisms
o:C e.{?trac?tion and to propose a classification of a gxpat number of extraction
processes.
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The revie~~r on the subject oi' extraction published by him enjoys a
d~~ ex?ved popularity among ?L-hose specializing in ?L?his field. Kuznetzov
i ; doing exL?ens:?.ve ~~rork on ?the development of new practically applicable
methods for ?tlie extraction of elements . Iie proposed a number of low-
melting solid ex?trac?L?ion agents ?L?ha?L? are suitable for the extraction of
elements in an extensive range of acidities.
Kuznetzov developed a new and very efficient method for the copre-
cip-lta?tion of ttltrasmall quantities of more than 30 elements with the
~ application of orga-~ic coprecipitants. Under Kuznetzov's direction, a
new method of spec?trophotome?tric analysis, i.e., thermospectrophotometry,
is being developed. This method is of importance for the continuous auto-
. ma?tic control of production processes.
Kuznetzov has done original work on organic synthesis with the uti13-
~a?tion of chelates. The methods developed in ?L?his work make it possible
?to increase considerably the reactivity of the substances used and to ac-
complish syntheses which hitherto could not be carried out at a]1 or could
be carr-.i.ed out only with great difficulty as far a.s experimental execution
tray concerned.
Kuznetzov has formtil.ated a theory which postulates similarity between
?tlio action o:L' organic and inorganic reagents . On the basis of this theory,
one may predict the characteristics of nei~r reagents . Furthermore, Iuznetzov
Yias trorlied on the coloration of reagents and of the complexes formed by them
ruzd has conducted investigations on characteristic atomic groupings, as well
as ?L-he effect which ?the structure of inorganic reagents exerts on the
strength of the coordination compounds formed by them. He proposed a new
objective method for the evaluation of the relative strength of complexes.
lit present, Kuznetzov is engaged in extensive work on the populariza-
?tion of nesr scientific ideas and of methods of analytical chemistry with
the purpose of the most rapid introduction of these methods into industrial
wi~plica.tion .
Fuels and Propellants
~N. ldew Technique for the ?nyestigation of the Rate of Combusts on of
1ispersed Liquid Fuel Under Conditions of Turbulent Flow
"Investigation of the Rate of Burning of Atomized Fuels in
Turbulent Flow," by V. Ya. Basevich, Institute of Chemical
Physics, Acadergy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Fiziche-
skoy Khimii, Vol 33, No 5, Ma?Y 59, pp 1080=10~~- r
The diffusion constant k of the rate of combustion of droplets under
conditions involving combustion of dispersed liquid fuel in turbulent flow
has been determined by the following method. Using an arrangement described
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earl.iex? (cf . V. Ya. ]3F~sevich, Tzvesti a Aitademii IJault SSSR -- Otdeleni e
7'c1~,Ynxichesltiltll_ Nat~lt, ,P1o 2, l~eb ~ , p 2 , a slanting ' ~t~+a~~3mensional
flame in which dispersed fuel burned was stabilized by meculs of one of
two hydrogen buxzlex?s . Tlie dispersion oi' fuel droplets accordinL, to size
t?ras detexmined on the basis of traces left on rods coa?tecl with ~~, layer
oy carbon blacl; and nuK;nesium o:tide . This de?texm:i.nation was made at the
cntraaice section of the oombus?tion Chamber. ,The currents ir. the zone of
combustion were photographed directly . Photoresoltt?tion of the flame by
means o!:' a narro~r slit made it possible to select a single trajectory for
evei~f measurement. The velocity of the flight of droplets t~l.ong these
trajectories was determined photographically. Local composition of ?the
mi::ture ?uliead of the flamQ front a?t the entrance part of these trajectories
? taws determined by measuring the quantity of deposited fuel in traps cooled
Stith liquid nitrogen ,(a Down quantity of the fuel-air mixture was removed
by suction). The composition of the combustion pxoducts was determined in
aci'inite cross-sections located at a lulown distance from the entrance into
the combustion chamber.
I~z detexminations of the combustion time, the flame S?ras stabilized
by us~n~; both hydrogen burners, so that a tyro-dimensional fl~ne tress fox7ned
trhicli,s?ras axially symmetric. The veloc:Sty of the gas in the flame zras de-
tenniried by photography of -traclts made by ltw~.nescent particles formed by
ma{~esitun that was introduced for this puxpose. Photographic resolution
of ?tl?u: tracl?:s was accomplished by employing a slit located on the flow
a:?:is ., The length of the combustion zone tress determined on the basis oi'
the composition of the gases resulting from conbustion or by photographing
?L-he zone of luminescence. Paraffinic kerosene ~?rith a specific weight of
O.Y~2 gram per cubic centimeter was used. This lerosene boiled within the
i?an~;e of 140-300?C . To compare the time of combustion of dispersed liquid
fuel taitl?~ that of a homogeneous mi~tture, measurements were carried out on
illuminating ~;as containlaz~r ttp to 75p of methane. The temperature of the
flame tra: measured by the method of sodium D lines inversion.
Izi determining the constant k, the relationship
0
was acstuned to be valid, in which Do designates the initial diameter of the
drop and D the diameter at the time of measurement. Mass transfer between
trajectories wws disregarded. On the basis of the size distribution of
- droplets, t?rhich gives dix?ect information on the number of droplets in i
groups of droplets with a definite initial diameter, dimensionless curves
of the burning-out 'Yl , or completeness of combustion, zrere plotted for
different value~? of -the pxoduct~ k2' .The .actual values of V~ trere deter-
mined on the basis of the' relationship
~02 ~ COJ?
~02 + COJ mart
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where ~022 ?h CO?' is the total content of carbon dio:cide and carbon monoxide
detexznined. by gas analysis and ~C02 ?H CO?Jm~` the local maxirmun content of
these Lases calcLtl.a?L?ed stoicliiometx?ically. From the actual raid calculated
values of 'Yj , ,the product k 2' was dete:rm:t.ned ~,raphically. I~'inally, i'rom
the lmown leng?tli ofi' 'the trajectory and tl~ie velocity of ?L-he flight of drop-
le~ts, ,the time of combustions and the value of ,the constant 1: = (k 2') ~2'
were obtained.
The results of the experiments did no?L- enable one to draw conclusions
in regard to the validity of ,the relationship (1). ale value of the con-
stant Ic de~texmined in the experiments described was 1.5-2 times lower than
~Liie values obtained for s:inLle droplets under rather special condi~tior.~s
(lti WAS found to be 0.0059 centimeter square per second in the work de:,cribed).
The results of the e.`cperiments conducted under conditions in which partial
preliminary evaporation of the fuel took place confirmed that the zone of
combustion of droplets is turbulent. The theoretical ratio between the rate
of burning-up of drops and the rate of burn..ng of the vapox phase of 'the fuel
was checlted iu cases when the vapor phase ,,forms a noncombustible mixture;
the agreement between theoretical values aazd experimental results indicated
that turbulent combustion takes place in the zone of the burning of droplets.
The minimum critical diameter of droplets was established which under con-
ditions of turbulent flow limit the diffusion region of combustion.
5 ? P1etr Method for the Calculation of the Chain-Thermal Propagation of
Flames
"The Chain-Thermal Propagation of Flames," by L. A. Lovachev,
7ns?titute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences USSR;
Moscow, Izvest~Ya Alsademii Naulc SSSR-Otdelen:t~e I4iimicheslsikh
Nauk, No 10, Oct 59, pp 1750
A chain-thermal. propagation of a thermal flame is defined as one in
connection frith which the reaction in the :lame proceeds by a chain mecha-
nism while there is an uninterrupted supply of heat and active centers from
regions where high. temperatures and a high concentration of active centers
prevail. The velocity of the chemical conversion is determined essentially
by diffusion of active centers from regions of the flame where the concen-
tration of ,these centers is high rather than by the velocity of their genera-
tion in the fresh mixture. A system of equations for the chain-thermal propa-
gation was integrated numerically by D. B. Spalding, Transactions of the Royal
Society (London), Philosophical, Series A, Vol 2~9, N 957, 1, 195 ,who ap-
plied for determination of the velocity oi' the flame the solution of a system
of ttti~o equations, a method that is commonly used in thermodynamic theory and
the use of which is well-founded as far as the solution of one equation is
concerned. By applying the method mentioned, numerical results were obtained
for the flame of hydrazine decomposition. However, the question in regard to
the consistency of the sinnxltaneous solution of ?ttiro equations at the same
value of the parameter had not been clari,,?~ied.
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Til the present ~?rorlt, a, new pa?inciple is proponed for the de?~ernurza,tion
o ' the velocity of a flame on the basis of the hi~;he ,t probable velocity
of heat evoltt?t:ton. ~~p~?o~.imate formulae lzave been der:Lved for the calclLla-
tiozz of the :Clams velocity in chain-~i;hei~nal propa~~.tion under con, ideration
o:C the diffttsion o!' active centers . The values obtained in the pz?esent trorlt,
~.'oz? all prac?L?icr.1 purposes, coincide with the result , of a numerical into-?
~7?r_;,?L?iorz of the initial system of egttatiorzs. I~Juznerical calculations enrployin~;
tlzc ~i'ozrmilas derived ~rere carried out ~?ritli retard to tYze propagation of the
~'latize of hydrazine decomposition.
C. BR-1 ?~sietaLl.ations for the Production of Oxygen
"results of ~t~ro Years of E~:perience in the Operation of
BR-1 1szsta].l.atiozis and Prospects or' the Production of
Technical O;tygen," by Prof T. P. Usyul.in, Doctor of Tech-
nical Science3, ASoscoi?r Ins?L?:itu?te of Clxemieal P~;.echine Build-
55in~; I4oscotr, I4iolodil'n~a Tel,kznil:.:i, Vol 3G, PJo 4, Jug ~Au~
CPYRC~H'f p G3 ?
"Con: ti~.tetion of installations for the produc?l;ion oi' tecYzrzical. o.nf~en
s?ro.s :initia?ted in the USSR irz 1835. Up to now, several types of installa.~?
tiozzs have been released which produce from 300 cubic meters to 1,500 cubic
rlc ~:;ers of 99~ o:{y~erz per 110111. The ]38-?1 installation, which has the lzi~l'zest
cal;~ca,~?ity of those in operation, consists totally of nes?r, highly efficient
coz~stxti~ctional parts,., trhich assure comple?ee acid uninterrupted removal of
c~ rbon clio::idc by using the heat that is inherently available in the sys?L?em.
7.'lzc installation is reliably protected from the possibility that acetylene
may enter into the separation equipment, so that safe operation is assured.
Because of these characteristics, oxygen carz be produced at a minimum cost.
T1ze problem of introducing o~grSen blowing into meta]1urS::cal processes can
be solved in an efficient and radical manner only by constructing powei??t'ul
o.,-y-~en traits which produce 12,000-30.000 cubic meters of oxygen per hour.
I'or lame metal.l.tu~ical pl=aits, central. oxylen-pxoducin~ units with an ou.t-
Zn!t of 50,000 cubic meters of o~.ygen per hour are necessary."
SIR mote: This is an abstract of a paper presented. at the All-Union
Scientific Technical Conference on Refrigeration Engineering, I,enin~rad,
G-?g Aprill959]
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'; . Ati?tomatl.ori off' E~ ttipmen?t for ?tlic Production of OxyLen
"Sta'tLli3 o:L' and Trends ili Worlt on the Automation of Oxygen
Mracliines," by A. I. Moroz, Candidate o:t' Teclrriical Sciences,
and Ln~;r D. V. Dciai:~hcliul~, A11.-Unlori Scicn?tific Research
Institute v1: Orygeri Machine 73uilding; Moscow, I4iolodil'naya
Tc11u~~J.cc Vol '(6, No 1N, Jul/Aug 59, P 61N
C PYR~FiT"1'
"Worl: on the automation of the operation of air separation equipment
has been ini'tiaL?ed by the All-Uni~?~. Scientific Researclx 7nst:itttte of O;cygeri
Machine Iiu:ilding in 1950. As an ob~ec?t for the study and development oi' an
n,Lttomatic control system ?to be applied iri this process, the largest Soviet
anstallation of ?L?liis type, namely, the DR-1 oxygen installation, was se-
lected. A technological automation system has been developed which involves
installation in 'the separation section of 3 ?tempera~ture controllers, 2 level
COlltrollcrs, 2 controllers of the concentration, and one controller of the
1?a?tio ofi' gas i'1ow. The sens:in~; units and the control appliances for this
pL1x~iO~C are being produced by ?L?he industry on a continuous series produc-
tion,~ basic. Control units t~ith electric connections have been designed and
produced. The equipment in question was assembled at an experimental in-
stc~7.l.ation run by the A11-Union Scientific Research Institute oi' O.~cygen
Machine I3ui]_ding. '.['he ?L?ests conducted showed that all automatic controllers
work in a satisfactory manner. On the basis of decisions, automatic control
is being introduced into practical application in the oxygen industry. ~e
decisions in que:?L-:ion must be considered when law-pressure installations
are being designed."
SIR Note: ~-iis is an abstract of a paper presented at the All-Union
Scientific-Technic~.1. Conference on Refrigeration Engineering, Leningrad,
6-9 Apx?il 1959.]
~. Gasit'ica?L?ion of NI 0 such that for every x E E an f F (~ can be found satisfy-
ing the inequality
If E is a space which has a basis, r' may be linear hull of funct3.onals,
which are biorthogonal to +,he elements of the basis. If 1; = 1;1 is a separ-
able con,;ugate Banach space, (~` may be a set of weals continuous linear
functionals, i.e. functionals ~,enerated by the elements of the space :El.
_ 3g ..
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The J'ol.l.owing theorem war proved:
A new nor~n~~ ~I ~~h may be de1':(.ncd in E, equivalent 'to the usual one
artd causing the conditions
a)n- ao ~,(~ x) = 0 for a,ll f ~ r' ,
b) n~it~o II xn 11 ~ = II xll .x.
?to result in the strong convergence:
lim U xn - x ~I ~ = 0
n~+oo
With the aid of the above theorem, the folloz~ring ?theorem is proved: All
;separable conjugate 13anach spaces are homeomorphic.
~N9. Concept of a Strip of Initial Data Defined Regarding Meromorphic
Solutions of a Deference E uation
"Concerning Meromorphic Solutions of a D3.fference Equation,"
by A. G. Naftalevich; Uspeldli Matematieheskikh Naulc, Vol 11+,
No !N(a8), Jul~Aug 159, pp 195-202
Meromorphic solutions of the difference equation
1t=7.
al{ ~: ~ z+ oc lc / = gl z 1 t als ~ ~, x = 1, ~,
are investigated ~trhere alt, p( lc (lt = 1, 2, , n) are complex numbers
and g(z) is a meromoz~hic function. For finding a r~eneral solution (in
the class of meromorphic functions) oi' the equation (l) a partial mero-
morph:ic solution of this equation and a general solu-~;ion of the homogeneous
equation
~~' ale f(z+ Dill) ~= 0
(2)
are constructed. To .formulate the result obtained, we will indicate from
the start the following definition. I~et zo(zo ~ oo)~be an arbitrary point
in the complex plane and 1Y' a strip containing internally or on its bound-
ary all the points zo + alt (k = 1, 2, , n), where one and only one
of the points z + Ot lies on each of the bounding straight lines in the
strip'i~' . We s~r~ll cl~signate by'11' the semiclosed strip obtained by ad~oin-
ing to the strip q'[" one of the straight lines bounding it and call it a
strip of initial data.
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The follow:Lng theorem holds:
Mcromorphic solutions of the homogeneous equation (2) a;s well as of
~hhc complete equation (1) exist which have in the strip of initial data
`i ~ poles at the points anct on1,y at those points '~ i with the princ.i.pal
part:z R( z, ~ i) for ?.ny sequence of rational functions .
a.
R(z, ~i) ~ i,l + i'2 ~" + i'ni n ~ ~i ~ ~ ~ (3)
lim /~ i ~ oo. The dif!'erenoe of two such meromorphic.solutions is an
entire solution of equation (2).
I;st~mates off' the growth of meromorphic solutions oi' equation (1)
are also given (see R. Nevanlinna, "Singlevalued Analytical I'unctions"
(Odnozhachnyye analitichesltiye funktsii), Gostekhizdat, Moscow-Leningrad,
1~tEl, for notion of growth of a meromorphic function). In the worlc it
was assumed that the points zo + 0(1 and zo + 0(n lie on the straight lines
bounding the strip of initial values ~, and that the strip `11~ is itse~.?~
dc:f'ined by the inequalities 0 S Im z < DCn - oCl, and that Im ~C 1 G
C Im DC 2 < Zrn ~C 3 G S 7m ~C n. This may be attained by the suit-
able numeration of the numbers ~(i, by the selection of the point zo, and
by the rotation of the z plane about the origin of coordinates.
In the work the follosrj.ng assumption was utilized being an immediate
consequence from a result of A. 0. Gel'fond concerning differential equa-
tions of an infinite order (see A. 0. Gel'fond, "The Calculus of Finite
Differences (Ischisleniye analitichesltiye funlctsii), Gostelshizdat, Moscow-
Leningrad, 1952). If g(z) is an entire function of order ~ , then equa-
tion (1) has an entire solution of order ~ .
Several characteristic properties oi' the strip of initial data 17"
were then indicated.
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Aviatl.on Pdedicine
~0. Cosmic I'1ifh~t biucttscecl
"The Cosmic l;ra," by Academician A. Iialcttlev, president o:C tr?~
Academy or b4ed3.cal Sciences USSR, D?Ied.itsin=;ltiy R~a;botnilt, IJo X31
(1820, 9 Oct 59, p 2
The author o:[' this article yta?tes that the Soviet Union has success-
fully launched into space th~r~ee artificial eax~l;rx satellites acid three
cosmic rockets. He considers this an immense contribution to world sci-
ence and a ~,enuinc revolution iri such !'fields of science as astronomy,
Ucophysicc, and biolopr.
The successful launching of the third cosmic x~oeket is part-lcularly
significant. flying around the moon, this rocket not only brought the
important pxoblems of travel through space closer to solution, but also
obtained, i'or the first time, information about the far side of the moon.
'.Phe clay is not far away when it will be known whether life exists on the
moon or no-t. It is possible that some moisture is present on this satel-
7.ite. Temperatures on some parts of the moon are no more severe Iran
those :Cound~ in the `laltutskaya ASSR. Tt can be asstm;pizootology of Plague," by Chin
Kuo-hsiung and T'eng Ta-yu, Shui Tsung-k'an, No 1, 1958,
p 51 (from Medits:tnslciy Referativnyy Zhurnal, No S, Aug 59
CPYRpGHT
"Xenopsylla cheopis and Ceratophyllus tesquorum sungaris out of 40
species of ticks encountered in Inner Mongolia played an important role
in the epidemiology of plague. In 1957, a B. pestis culture was isolated
from Neopsylla pleslcei orientalis, and Ceratophyllus laeviceps kuzenkove
was removed from Meriones ungiculatus. Neopsylla pleskei orientalis fleas
are widely distributed in the western regions of the province and are the
principal parasite of Meriones unguiculatus; they are rarely encountered
on Citellus dauricus, and still less frequently on Cricetulus barabensis
and Dipus saggita. An average of 200 fleas of this species, and in some
cases as many as 500, were :L'ound in Meriones nests in April-July. Cer.
laeviceps lcuzenkove are also parasites of Meriones unguiculatus and are
sometimes found on Citellus dauricus, Cricetulus barabensis, and Rattus
norvegicus. The index curve of prevalence of these two species of fleas
corresponds in ~t3me with the epizootic curve for plague in Meriones.
These curves rise in I'ebruary-April."
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55. /lntiplagttc Research in China :i.n 1958
"Piatural r'oci o1' Pla~;uc in China and Certain Aspects of
Antipla~,ruc Research in 1958," by Yang Ch'ing-hciu, Shui
Tsung-]c'an, No 1, 1953, pp lE-8 (:from M~ditsinskiy Rcfc-
rati~ rnal, No 3, Aug 59, p 58)
CPYR~
e us our cus o,nr roc en 's o~ c genus Ra cu: , especially
Ratttts norvegicus, are the chief carriers of plague in natural foci in
the three north-eastern provinces of China, in the northern part oi' the
province of T~Iopeh, and in the south-eastern part of Inner Mongolia. M.
sibirica is the chie:C reservoir o:C plague in the eastern part of Tnner
Mongolia along the borders of the USSR. R. rattus and M. tznguiculatus
play an~important role in the cpidemiolopr of plague in the central re-
gions of Inner Mongolia; T,1. baibacina and N1. caudata, in the province
of Sinkiang; and ICI. h~,~nalayana, in the province of Tsinghai. There is
every reason to asstam~~ that natural foci of plagtite exist in the province
of I'ukien, Chekiang, aatd ICiangsi."
TmmLUZOlogy and Therapy
57. Imntunogenicity of Live Antitularemia Vaccine Increased
"The Problem of Increasing the Immunogenicity of Live Anti-
tularemia Vaccine," by Id. M. Paybich; Moscow, Zhttrnal
Milc-
robiologii >;pidemiologii i 7lnmunobiolo ii, Vol 30, No
10,
Nov 59, pp 20-2
In introducing this article on the effects of several substances on
live vaccines, the author refers to recently published reports which in-
dicate that it is possible to produce experimental, generalized infection
in slightly susceptible laboratory animals. These reports offered evi-
dence that the irtraperitoneal introduction of streptococcus,meningococcus,
salmonella, and other cLtl?tures in solutions of several substances to lab-
oratory animals s~rill produce a lethal infection which cannot be caused
by the same doses of microorganisms in physiological solution. The work
of Roginsl:aya, s~rho pointed out the possibility of producing experimental
sepsis in mice by ?the intrapcritoneal introduction of typhoid, paratyphoid
A, and dysentery bacteria in O.1Eu agar, is noted with particular interost.
Agar, it is mentioned, is capable of reinforcing the distribution of mi-
croorganisms in the animal organism; it is also stable and very simple
to prepare. The author i,rts interested not only in the capacity of many
mucous substances to "enhance: the v3.rulence" oi' microorganisms, but also
in their capacity to increase the antigenic activity of killed vaccines.
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The aforementioned reports su;gestecl the possibility that colloidal
and other substances such as glycerin could a:i'fi'ect the development of
immunity a:E'ter the subcutaneous introduction of live 'vaccines (tularemia,
antiplague, brucellosis, anthrax, etc.). In the author's experiments,
the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of a live tularemia vaccine
from strain P1o 10 were investigratecl on white mice. The vaccine was in-
troduced subcutaneously in solutions of the following substances: 0.2
agar, ono percent Gelatin, 0.1-5io ~rttm arabic, 5;o Glycerin, and 5;S Malva
decoction. Vaccine in physiological saline solution was used as a con-
. trol in all experiments. The vaccine contained 500 million microorgan-
isms per ml. The mice mere Given 0.2 m1 of the vaccine, zrhich contained
one microorganism to 10 million microorganisms depending on the dilution.
The animals were infected with 1,000 lethal doses of a virulent tularemia
" culture 30 days after vaccination.
Two tables containing survival rate and immunizinG dosage data are
Given to show results, and the following conclusions are presented:
It S?ras established 'that agar, gelatin, gwn arabic, Alalva decoction,
and glycerin stimulated the itnmunoGenicity of live tularemia vaccine;
solutions of wattle gum and starch had no such properties. The minimtua
immunizing dose of live tularemia vaccine introduced to white mice in
solutions of aGar or Gelatin was 10 microorganisms; in solutions of gum
arabic, Nlalva decoction, and 5 glycerin, 100 microorganisms; and in
physiological solution and solutions of trattle Gum and starch, 1,000
microorganisms. The stimulating effect of agar z?ras determined in studies
or immunity not only in animals but also in humans (Zlatovskiy). The
reactogenicity of the live vaccine introduced subcutaneously in solutions
of agar, gum arabic, and gelatin was not increased. Solutions of O.zu
agar, one percent gelatin, and one percent GLUn arabic introduced sub-
cutaneously to humans trithout the vaccine did not produce a more intensive
reaction than the injection o:~ physiological saline solution. The author
suggests that the mechanism o:f the stimulating action of these substances
on live vaccines should be regardcct in the light of modern knowledge con-
cerning :factors t?rhich afloct the distribution oi' microorganisms in the
microorganism.
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Once
58. Effect of Ethyleneamine Derivatives on Tumors
"On the Problem of ?the Anti~L?umor Action of Nthyleneamine Deriv-
atives," by V. A. Chernov, A. A. Grushina, and Zh. F. Zakharova,
Laboratory of experimental Chemotherapy of Tumors, Division of
Chemotherapy, All-Union Scientific Research Chemicopharmaceuti-
cal Institute imeni S. Ordzhonikidze; Moscow-Leningrad, Voprosy
OxLkologic, vol V, No g, Sep 59, pp 350-361
Investigr~ticns were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the
?therapy of ?Tumors with ethyleneamine derivatives, including TEM (Triethy-
leneiminotxiazine), T1oTET (triethyleneimide of thiophosphoric acid), and
dipin (te~traethyleneimide piperazine of N.N-diphosphoric acid). Rats were
used in the experiments. TEM, T1oTEI', and dipin were administered intra-
peri?toneally. Dipin was administered simultaneously with the somatropic
hormone which was injected subcutaneousl,}r. The experimental data obtained
established that TioTEF and dipin induced regression processes of sarcoma
ZES expressed by the atrophy of the thymo-lymphatic tissue, reduction in
the weight the thyroid gland as well. as structural modifications of the
gland, loss of weight in the hypophysis and seminal glands, and a slight
hypetrtrophy of the suprarenals accompanied by a slight decrease in the
concentration of ascorbic acid, and wi?Th some accumulation of ketosteroids
in some animals. The soma?tropic hormone was found to somewhat enhance the
therapeutic effect of dipin and TioTEF.
59? Effect of Purine Preparations on Ehrlich's Tumor
"Inhibitory Effect of Some Substances Similar to Purine on the
Growth of Ehrlich's Tumor," by L. V. Zolotova and T. F. Guseva,
Chair of Pharn~ceutical Chemistry, Chair of Anatomar and Physiol-
ogy of the Leningrad Chemicopharmaceutical Institute and the
Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Aca-
demy of Medical Sciences USSR; Moscow-Leningrad, Voprosy Onkolo-
gii, Vol V, No g, Sep 59, pp 362-36~+
Nlice were used in experiments conducted to determine the effect of
compounds structurally similar to purine on the growth of experimental
Ehrlich's ttunors . The preparations were synthesized at the Lenir~rad
Chemicopharmaceutical Institute. The foL1?owing preparations were tested:
~,6-dioxopyr3.midine-2,1,3-thiodia~:ole.; ~+-oxo-6-thiopVr9.midine-2,1,3-
thiodiazole; ~+, 6-dioxo-7-methylpyrimidine-2, 1,?-thiodiazole;. ~+, 6-dio~to-
5,7-dimethylpyrimidine-2,1,3-thiodiazole; and I+-oxo-6-iminopyrimidine-
2,1,3-thiodiazole.
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Some 5-10 million Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma cells were administered
to 'the animals. Therapy with the above compounds was begun 2~ hours later
and continued for a period of 7-12 days. The compounds in physiological
solution were administered intraperitoneal.ly. The experiments established
that of all the above-mentioned compounds, !E-oxo-6-iminopyrimidine-2,1,3-
thiodiazole was the most effective. It inhibited the growth of the tumors
up to 60 percent.
60. Hydrolysin L-103 in Therapy of Tumors
"Application of FTydrolysin L-103 to Patients With Malignant Tumors;'
by T. S. Rozhek, Tambovskaya Oblast Ontological Dispensary and
the Tambovskaya Oblast Blood Transfusion Station; Moscow-'
Leningrad, Voprosy Onkologii, Vol V, No 5, 1959, PP 582-5~
The article describes the experiments conducted to determine the effec-
tiveness of hydrolysis L-103 when used in the therapy of malignant tumors.
F~ydrolysin L-103 is the product of the incomplete hydro7.ysis of the proteins
of heterogenous blood obtained from cattle. Fresh whole blood kept for no
longer than 2 or 3 days is used in the preparation of bydrolysin L-103.
The preparation contains all the irreplaceable amino acids, including trip-
?tophan, glucose, and salt. One liter of Y~ydrolysin L-103 contains the equi-
valent of about 60 grams of protein, the amount of protein required dai],y
by an average-weight patient. The preparation was administered to the pa-
tients before and after surgical interference. In all .cases, favorable
results were obtained: there was an improvement in the general condition
of the patients, their sleep and appetite improved, and pain diminished.
The preparation was found to be completely nontoxic. No side effects
were noted.
On the basis of the experiments, hydrolysis L-130 is recommended for
use as a 'b'lood replacing fluid in the therapy of tumors. The preparation
can be stored for long periods of time and can be transported without
impairing its. quality.
61.. Malignant Tumors in food Industry Workers
"A. Study of the Frequency of Malignant Tumors in Workers of Some
Enterprises of the rood Industry," by B. D. Kaufman., A. I.
rti.:~nnova, and L. M. Shabad, Laboratory of Experimental Onco1o85r
and Division of Organization and Methodology, Institute of
Oncology, Acadea{}r of Medical Sciences USSR; Moscow-Leningrad,
Voprosy Onkologii, Vol V, No g, Sep 599 PP 31~+-319
The two present-day methods for the prophylaxis of cancer are the
ear],y recognition and therapy of precancerous conditions and the discovery
of cancerogenic substances in the environment and the prevention of their
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action on the organism. Smoked food products (fish and meats) are suspected
of being cancerogenic, since 'the smolce which is used to process these
foodstuffs contains ?the higher l~,ydrocarbons, including 3,1+-benzpyrene, a
well-known cancerogenic substance. fluorescent-spectral examinations of
some of these foods :revealed that one kilogram of norma:Lly smoked fish
contains 3.3-6.7 gamma of 3,1E-benzhydrene, with some of the internal
portions containing as much as 3E3 percent of ?L-he chemical. Different
kinds of smolted sausage were found to contain 1.9-10.5 gamins. of 3,4-benzhv-
drene per kilogram, with some of the internal portions containing 65 per-
cent of the chemical.
Further investigations established that the cancer mortality rate of
workers employed in the smoked food processing industry is greater than
?that of the average of workers engaged in other branches of the food pro-
cessing industry. The cancer incidence among workers of the smoked food
industry was found to be in direct proportion to the number of years they
were engaged in this particular branch of ?the food industry.
Pharmacolopr and Toxicology
62. Properties of Adenosine Triphosphoric Acid
"Concerning Some Properties of Adenosine Triphosphoric Acid,"
by G. Rashkova, Czechosl. P~Ied. Obozreni a (Czechoslovak l~ledical
Review), 1957, 3, No 1, 25-3 ~ from Referativr Zhurnal --
Biologiya, No 15, 10 Aug 59, Abstract No 9 ~l E, by A. I. Brusi-
lovs~ka a"~
CPYRGHYT
Adenosine triphosphoric acid intravenously administered to rats in
doses of one milligram per kilogram of body weight disinhibited differe;~tia-
tion; in doses of 5 milligrams per kilogram. of body weight, i?t depressed
positive conditioned reflexes. Adenosine monophosphoric acid when
administered intravenouslyy or intraYrrascularly- had a weaker effect on con-
ditioned reflexes. Bacterial ?toxins (dysentery and typhoid) blocked the
action of acetylcholine in experiments which were carried out on an isolated
section of the upper mesen?teri~ artery of a eat . Ur_der the influence of
a perfusion of a 0.1-percent solution of adenosine triphosphoric acid, the
action of acetylcholine was increased. In some cases, it was possible with
the help of adenosine triphosphoric acid to restore to normal a sectior. of
a nerve in which arabiosis ti~?as induced with the help of adenosine ti~i.pho3-
pharic acid ~i~ Adenosine triphosphoric acid also decreases the toxicity
of the dysentery toxin, the typhoid and dysentery endotoxins, s-treptolysi.n
0, ar?d diphtheria toxin for mice; it has no effect on KCN. Adenosine
monophosphoric acid has an effect similar to that of adenosine triphosphoric
acid in toxin in?Loxica?tion; adenosine is ineffective. Adenosine triphos-
phoric acid also reduces lethality in radiation sickness. In rabbits
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CPYRGHT
which rece?lved LO mi)1il,rams per lilogram of body weight of adenosine
?triphosphoric acid 36 hours after the animals were intoxicated with ?the
Shiga toxin, the blood level of unstable phosphorus was not decreased, an
effect usually produced by the toxin when no adenosine triphoaphoric acid
is used."
63. Effect of Malathion on Organism
"On ?the Investigation of the G'hronic Toxic Effect of Malathion
on Rats," by L. Vrbovsky, L. Rosival, and F. V. Seleclgr, Bratial.
Lekar. listy (Slovakia), 1958, 1, No 9, 518-529 (from Referativ-
Zhurnal -- Biolo i a, No 15, 10 Aug 59, Abstract Nom,
by the authors
CPYRGHT
In experimen?L-s conducted on rats, malathion in doses of 100-330
milligrams per kilogram of body weight exhibited a cumulative toxic
effe~:t . Pdala?L?hion increased the weighs, of some of the organs, decreased
the weight of the rats, depressed the a-~ility of the animals to repro-
duce, induced anemia, leukocytosis, neut~rophilia, eosinopenia, and lytupho-
penia. The maximum allowable concentra ion of malathion is 10 mi]..1.igrams~
m3, and of parathion -- 0.1 milligram~m~."
61i . Serpasil as Antispasmodic Agent
"Effect of Serpasil on the Spastic Condition of Muscles as Re-
vealed by the Kymograpnic Method," by V. Pit'ha, Z. Masin, and
0. Polak, Ceslcosl. Neural. (Czechoslovakia), 1959, 22, No 1,
30-38 (from Referativr~Zhurnal -- Biologiya, No 15, 10 Aug
CPYRG~-ITbstrac?t No X9270, by the author
"The effect of serapsil on the spastic condition of muscles was studie
in 16 patients suffering from diffused sclerosis, with the help of the
kymographic method. A diminution of the pathologically raised knee re-
flex until its restoration to normal was noted; a decrease or complete dis-
appearance of the spastic condition of the muscles and the restoration of
voluntary movements took place."
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65. Use of p32 in Investigation of Intoxications by Fluorine, Vanadium,
and M~uz~,auc;ae
"application of Radiophosphorus in Investigating the Disturbed
Metabolism o:C Phosphorus Containing Coigpounds in Intoxications
of the Organism by Fluorine, Vanadium, and Manganese," by T. A.
Prokopenlso, Vopr. Gigiyeny Trudy Profpatol. i Prom. Tokaikol.
(Problems of Labor Hygiene, Occupational Patholo~rt and Indus-
trial Toxicology ), Vol 2, Sverdlovsk, 1958, 2~F-254 (from
Rcferativr,~yy Zhurnal -- Biol_ogt_ya, No 15, to Aug 59, Ab?tract
CPYRC~eH ~ F2' ~ ~' S. Vorob'yeva
"Rats received intraperi.toneally 20-25 mi113grams per kilogram of body
weight of sodium fluoride (T); 15-~20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight
of ammonium vanadate (TI); and 100 miLl.igrams per kilogram of body weight
of manganese chloride (TTT). The detoxication of the poisons eras carried
out in the foLlowi:r..g manner: by the intraperitoneal administration of 50
mil.ligx~ams of lactate (IV); by the administration of 10-20 milligrams of
ascorbate (V); and by the administration of 5 milligrams of vitamin
(Vl) in combination with 50 milligrams of (IV) subcutaneously. Simul ar..
neous],y *a?I.th nhe adudxiistration of the poisons and the detoxication pre-
parations, P3~ in the form of a phosphate having 3,000-5,000 impulses
gram was subcutaneot~c].y administered to the animals . Twin hours later
the auimal.s trere killed. Th,e content of the total and radioactive
phosphorus in dift'erent fractions of the acid-soluble phosphorus contain-
ing campavnds in the liver were then determined. The administration of
(T) s1la,rp];j re?ta~tl.ed the metabolism of phosphoric acid compounds in the
liver, pa?rticutarly t?~eir acid soluble fraction. The intensity of the in-
clusion of P~2 ir_?to the organophosphorus cos~ounds decreased under the
effect of (II ); this effect, rowever, was e.~cpressed to a lesser degree
than it ws~s with the use of (I) . The admin?:istra:tion of (IV) and (V) restored
the metabolism of phosphorus containing compounds in the liver. Acute
into:tica ;ion of the as;~~1.s by (III) led to a considerable increase in
the acctum~l.atio.~ of P~~ ir. the fractions of the inorganic phophates with
a si~tnil.tatlt:oLts dec:ctia?:le irk the inte1183ty of the metabolism of the organic
barium :~o]_ub ~~ pho:,vl.~.oric acid compounds . T'-ze administration of (IV) and
(VI) hsd ;so effect or the disturbed metabolism of the phosphorus contain-
l.ng compuurd^."
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66. Ph~~s~holipid Metabolism in Tntoxicatior..a
"Phonphol:tpid Metabolism in the Liver and Certain Other Orgaxls
in I'rinitro?toluene, Diehlorae?thane, mrad Carbon T~:fixachloride In??
toxirationr/, " by A. A. Rubauovslsaya, Tr. ~o F?rimenen~,yu R3.dio-
ac?t. rzo?to~o?v v Nteditrsine (Worlca on the Application of Ra.dio-
ac?tiv~: Isotopes in Medicine), Second Issue, M., Medgiz, 1955,
241??2
50 (fzom Ref~~rati~Zhurtisal ??- Biologiya, Na l5, 10 Aug
'
1
Ely V. Y~. Rusin
CPYRS~H-f's?tx~.at No~i95 0~,
"P vrar, ~~ed in the investigation of photgpholipid metabolism and the
accumu7.ation of P32 in the organs of rats intoxicated by txinitmtoluene
(I ), dichlorr~etxu~ne (II ), and CCl4 ~~II) . The animals were killed 10
hours after the racU>zin9.stration of P? ` 3.xa the formof Nr~04 an the basis
of 1, 000 :Lm;Q~g ? (I } wars administexvd to the animals in the form of a
solution :La2 vegetable oil Either in a single administration or three times
dailly on. the; b~.:~is of l0U ~c~tLl3grams per rat. Zra some of the e_~rper-J.ments,
(T) w?a.:; aclm~ail.s?tered its a rsingle duce into the :3tomac:h. The experiments
rave:~.c~d ttarzt :Lxtoxication by ~ I) had almost no effect oz:. phoapholipid
metabolism. Accuwrulation of P3~ in t11e spleen. was ;noted. (II } tra.e
admini~xtex?e:d ?to the aninu-~.ls >gubcutancously on the basis of 0 . j milligram
per kilogram of body weight three timrrs a da,y. Tn same of the experi-
mentr/, the aninu~.l.sr wore intoxicated by the inhalation of (II) in the form
of a vapor contained in a chamber in a concentration of 200 milligrams
per liter; thr?, a-aim~"i7.s wez~ exposed to the action of the vapor twice daily,
one d~~ at't~r they had bcea? er?~tposad to the action of the vapor for one hour.
Dro ~radificatia:,xs in the metal~alism of pY.~opholipidrs ia2 the spleen were
found; phcy~spholipici mei-,alJOli:in ir_ the liver decrerzaed era ave.%ga of ?_2.8
ptrce:~t . (I:LI } ~~rzti tuLuin.iatered to the *~' s 3ubcutaueo:zsly Eveagr
other dr>tiy in d;~ric-.rs of 0.3 mill.ig3~.un ttrice and :Lra a dosF of 0.4 an~i7ligr+:un
ozzc~~ . I`lwrsp`ialipid m~:tabol.ism i.-~ ?this case decz~eased tu: average of 3G~.6
peroe:.?~t . ,~, dcx:x?E:7c~e ii;. ?tho auautity,~ of p7aotspholigids in the 13ver anal
same decY?c:a;se i? the intenrsity of their metabolism was r_oted o;?a~;r in cares
of severe i*!t.oacicatior_s rrliich ?ra~ere a,ecompaz.ied by expressed pathomorpholo??
sits.]. clu~r~.rre::~ 3~,: the 1:Lv~~r."
67. Lfzs?C,,~.c:til Iratoxicatiom
"C~~ucexuix:.g a C:La.r',e of ]Intoxication by Largactil, " 17y V. Tacu,
P,e?a . rYc:d . -r7~.ia~~.rg . ~iJ?F , (Rttn~,uia, ), 1958, 62, No 3s 639??642 (from
R~:E'Fnrativrv~r Gl'cur,^~:is. ..- Iiiolog~y~ti, Pfo 15, 10 Aug 59, Abatra.ct
CPYF~HT3~--~
"Ptervc~as disorders t;rpical of intoxica?f,ior. by la:cgactil developed in
a patient wlio xt~ceivec? 675 m_i:Lligxams of the drug; however, neither artex?i
pressure 7iur hotly te~zperature were reduced. ^ymptoms of gaatroin-ter~tinal
paresis w~;rc. noted for a period of 6 days . TaZO patient xr coverLd wit ;.out
specie]. therapy."
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68. I;ffeet of L,a,rgactil on the Liver
"Acute Yellow Atrophy of the Liver Developed During the Period
of Therapy With Largactil," by P. Donchev, It. Kirov, and B.
Vasileva, Sovrem. Meditsina (Bulgaria), 195F3, ~, No 9, 90-93
(from Referati zhurnal -- Biolo i a, No 15, 10 Aug 59,
CPYRGHTact No 8299
"Yellow atresphy of the liver, which terminated in death, developed
to a patient suffering from cyclophrenia (maniacal phase) 22 months after
treatment with largactil was begun. Doses of 200-~00 milligrams a day we.
administered."
69 ? S~?thetic Antimicrobial Preparations
"Investigation of New Antimicrobial Substances of Synthetic
Origin," by M. N. Rotmiatrov, A. V. Stetaenko, G. V. Ku1ik, I.
A. Vasilevskaya, and S. N. Itharchenlso; Kiev, Mikrobiolochr~yy
Zhurnal, Vol XXI, No 3, 1959, PP 31-35
A report on the results of the investigations conducted to determine
the spectrum of antimicrobial action of some a.].kyl phenols and haloidanili.des
of salicylic acid synthesized by the authors is presented. It was found
that : of ?L?he a.7lgrl phenols, ~-tertiary butylphenol and the sodium salt of
~+-tertiary butylphenol have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, are
slightly ?toxic, and can be therapeutically applied; and of the haloidaailides
of salicylic acid, lE-bromanilide of 5-bromsalicylic acid and I+' -iodoanilide
of 5 -iodosalicylic acid have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action and
are almost nontoxic. The four preparations mentioned above do not irritate
the skin or ?the mucous membrane of the mouth. They are themostabile and
can be stored for long periods of time in dry form in solutions. They
have antimicrobial and antibacterial properties similar to those of the
antibiotics. The preparations have been clinically tested in the therapy
of diseases of -the mouth of microbial etiology.
70. Therapy of Psychoses With Serpasil
"Resul?ts of the Therapy of Some Psychoses With Serpasil [Reser-
pineJ," by Iv. Temisov and N. Za,.imova, Sovrem, I~Ieditsina -- (Bul-
garia), 195, g, No 9, 29-~? (from Referati Zhurnal --
C PYR'E' No 15, 10 Aug 59, Abstract No 8273, by the authors)
"On the basis of experiences gained in the therapy of psychotic patients
with reserpine, the authors concluded that reserpine is not only ineffec-
tive j.n alleviating depression states (depression phase of manic-depressive
psychosis, involutional depression), but intensifies depression, internal
tension, and alarm. maniacal conditions (maniacal phase of manic-depressive
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CPYRGHT
psychoses and symptomatic psychoses which develop particularly as a result
of vascular disorders and hyperi;onia) lend themselves well t~ the action
of reaerpine. Reaerpine is ineffective when used in the treatment of pa-
tients suffering from acute stages of schizophrenia and of patients afflicted
with paranoia. The prolonged treatment of patients afflicted with chronic
schizophrenia with large doses of reaerpine may improve their condition.
The combined application of reserpine with largactil enhances the effec-
tiveness of reserpine. Reserpine alone when used in the therapy of psychotic
patients is not as effective as when largactil'alone is used."
71. Effect of Some Chemical Preparations on Hemopoiesis
"Effect of Some Chemical Preparations on the Elements of Hemo-
poieais in Tissue Cul?tttre, by Doctor of Biological Sciences :C .
2. Terent'yeva and R. A. Mokeyeva, Central Order of Lenin Insti-
tute of Iiematology and Blood Tranaf`uaion, Ministry of Health
USSR' Moscow, Problemy Gematologii i Perelivasiiya Krovi, Vol
Iv, No 9, Sep 59, Pp 29-35
A description is given of experiments conducted to determl.ne the
effect of ~cprelosan, dopan, and 6-mercaptopurine on bone marrow cultures
of healtY~y persons and of persons suffering from leukoais . Bone marrow
was obtained by a puncture of the sternum. Myeloaan when applied to
healthy bone marrow cultures in a concentration of 0.2 milligram percent
produced no significant changes in the cell composition of the control
an experimental cultures. Tn higher concentrations, it produced a number
of degenerating ce].].a. Dopan applied in concentrations equal to those of
~yelosan produced an effect aimj.lar to that of the latter. The applica-
tion of 6-mercaptopurine to cultures bf healthy bone marrow had an effect
aimilax to that produced by ~reloaan and dopan, although considerab],y larger
doses of the drug were required.
Myelosan, dopan, and 6-mercaptopurine, when applied to bone marrow
cultures obtained from persons suffering from leukosia, produced highly
destructive changes in the cells of the blood producing tissue, even
when used in low concentrations. This was particularly noticeable in
patients afflicted with acute leukosis.
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72. Detection of Poisoning by Coumarin Derivatives
"On Poisonl.ng by Coumarin Derivatives and Its Detection," by H.
Bentz and M. ICuehnert, 7natitute of Veterinary Pharmacology and
Toxicoloar, Karl Marx University, Leipzig; Leipzig, Monatshefte
fuer `Jeterinaermedizin, Sonderheft, Oct 59, pp 26-2
In East Germany, the commercial. rat poisons which have an oxycoumarin
base are Ratron, marketed by Delicia, and Horatan, marlteted by VEB (People-
Owned Enterprise Fa'. ~1.ber-List . Both preparations have 3-(alpha-phenyl-
beta-acetylethyl -4-oxycoumarin as the active component. The ab~~ve insti-
tute has had good success with experimental detection ofi Chia cownarin
component in both feces .,organic material by a method employing in ultra-
violet absorption spectrwn. Both pure samples and commercial preparations
supplied by V.SB Fahlberg-List, Magdeburg, and Delicia, Delit2~ch were
used in the experiments. For the determination of the ultraviolet spectrum,
a Zeiss universal spectral photometer was used. The first step was the
determination of curves for the pure samples in alcohol solution, in the
wave length range of 270-310 millimicrona. The maxima found'at 273, 283,
and 307 miLlimicrons are approximately in agreement with the values found
in the literature (Garner, Veterinary Toxicolog~r, London 1957; Nord. vet.
med., No B, 1956 p 514; Coon, Richter, .Hein axed Krieger, J. Agric. Food
Chem., No 2, 195, P 739)? On the basis of the concentration curves
plotted for a m~ciunmi of 307 millimi.crons, it was found that, i.n the case
of concentrations between 0.25 and 1.75 mg-~o (alcohol solution), there
is a linear i.ncreaae of extinction whichc~n be expressed by a fixed factor
- 2.457. The commercial samples of the two firms showed no appreciable
differences.
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Physiology
73? Reactions of Res iratorv Center to Excess CO2
"On the Relationship Between Conditioned and Unconditioned Re-
actions in the Activity of the Respiratory Center," A.V. Pogre-
bkova, Laboratory of Interoceptive Conditioned Reflexes of the
Institute of Physiology imeni I. P. Pavlov, Academy of Sciences
USSR; Leningrad, Fiziolo~cicheskiv Zhurnal, No 8, Aug 59, PP~--
999 -
The author of this article states that the results of 324 experiments
on three dogs revealed that the respiratory reaction of a healthy organism
to an excessive carbon dioxide content (about 69d) in the inspired air talfles
the form of a complex, unconditioned reaction to a whole group of irrit~rrts.
The entire respiratory analysor is involved in the reaction of the organ-
ism to changes in the gaseous composition of the air in the immediate envi-
ronment. This unconditioned reaction appears, first, as a conditioned re-
flex, the release and subsequent refinement of which occurs because of the
involvement and interaction of the in~teroceptive and exteroceptive reflewes
associated with the activity of the respiratory system. Subsequently, the
conditioned reflex is extinguished when the gaseous composition of the am-
bient air becomes normal.
74. Relationship Between Muscle Tonus and Oxygen Consumption Studied
Oxygen Consumption and Variation of Muscular Tonus During Hy-
poxia," by K. P. Ivanov, Laboratory of Ecologic Physiology,
Institute of Physiology imeni I. F. Pavlov, AcadeTgy of Sc3ecees
USSR; Leningrad, FY zioloaricheskiv ZhLrr?~.t_ No 8, Aug 59, pp 988-
993
The author of this article states that electrophysiological record-
ings of muscle tonus variations and oxygen consumption were obtained in
experiments ~-~-~ 40 rabbits in which hypoxia was produced by tYn administration
of a gaseous tune with a reduced oxygen content. Increased oxygen con-
sumption was luund to coincide with increased muscle tonus when the aniusl.
was inspiring a mixture which contained between 12~ and 15~ oxygen. Re-
duced oxygen consumption associated with the inspiration of a mixture of
gases containing between 79o and 4gb oxygen was accompanied by depression of
muscle tonus. No alteration of muscle tonus was found to occur if there
was no change in oxygen consumption during hypoxia. The level of metabo-
lism under hypoxia conditions may be assumed to depend, to a certain ex-
tent, on variations of skeletal muscle tonus.
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75. Research on Effect of Low Tem ratures on Living Organisms
"New Developments in Work on the Effect of Low Temperatures on
Organisms" by Prof L. K. Lozina-Losinekiy, Doctor of niologica].
Sciences, Institute of Cytology, Academy of Sciences USSR? Mos-
cow Kholodil'naya Tekhnika, Vol 36, No 4, Jul/Aug 59, P ~~+
C PYF~c~
"The conditions have been investigated under which it is possible to
store animal tissues and cells, at temperatures from minus 79? to minus
X53? for a long time without in,lury. It was established that malty tissues
and cells, including tumor cells, are capable of reviving i.e., these cells
can grow and multiply, after being kept at low temperatures within this
range. Formation of ice crystals in the cells after freezing is tha phe-
nomenon which endangers life to the greatest extent. For this reason, the
principal efforts ofsdent3sts are aimed at eliminating intracellular crys-
tallization during freezing. The most important measures which prevent
crystallization in cells are cooling at a rapid rate, rapid thawing, prior
adaptation ["hardening"], and treatment of cells with protective substan-
ces. Treatment of cells and tissues with glycerin enables one to subject
these cells and tissues to considerable supercooling and reduces crystal-
lization bath outside and inside the cells. This me'~hod is of considera-
ble importance from the practical standpoint. Successful experiments on
?the deep cooling and freezing of intact animal organisms have been carded
out. In the case of insects, the temperatures were lowered to minus 790
and even to minus 1900. Successful research is being done in the USSR on
the restoration of the cardiac activity of human beings after clinical
death and on the application of low-temperature anesthesia in surgical op-
erations. Research along this line is of great importance not only for
medicine and agriculture, but also from the theoretical standpoint."
[SIR Note: This is an abstract of a paper presented at the All-Union
Scientific-Technical Conference on Refrigeration Engineering, Leningrad,
(6-g April 1959?)
7.6. Book on Physiology of Fatigue Reviewed
Va ros Fiziolo i Protsessov Utomleniys i Vosstanovleniya
(Problems of the Physiology of the Processes of Fatigue and
Recovery), edited by Academician G. V. Fol'bort reviewed by
N. K. Vitte; Kiev, Gigiyena Truda i Professional'nyye Zaboli-
vaniya, No ~, Jul/Aug 59, P 0
The reviewer of this collection of scientific works of associates and
students of G. V. Fol'bort,member of the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian
SSR, states that the vigor of any organ of the body becomes depleted and
its reacting ability decreases after prolonged and intensive activity. She
subsequent recovery depends on the original condition of the organism. E~-
covery usually proceeds in a wavelike manner and takes the form of an
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improved degree and quality of efficiency. If new work undertaken is ac-
companied by efficiency and stability, it can be assumed that the organ.
is becoming conditioned; otherwise, a state of chronic exhaustion develops.
V. V. Frol'lcis, A. A. Yetnchenko, Yu. Yu. Men'shik, S. I. Moldavskaya,
S. M. Plotnikova, and other pupils of G. V. Fol'bort checked observations
of the condition of the heart and skeletal muscles, pancreas, etc. and
found confirmation of the above-stated theories in the salivary glands.
This collection of scientific works contains material on how the mus-
cular activity in animals and humans is reflected in higher nervous activ-
ity, in the condition of metabolism, and in nutrition. V. A. Novi conduc-
ted work on humans, and S. I. Chernt3ry, on animals. Prof N. I. Putilin aril
his associates D. G. Nalivayko and S. I. Kondrashev showed the dynamics of
vigorous processes in a salivary gland as far as the type of its activity
and the condition of excitation and inhibition are concerned. Histological.
observations of Ir. L. Bromberg concerning the efficiency of salivary glands
and B. A. Vartapetov's discussion of new methods of recording animal blood
pressure are also found in this collection of scientific works.
The reviewer considers this book valuable in that it gives the reader
a chance to become acquainted with the theory of fatigue as it was devel-
oped systematically by G. V. ~bl'bort over a period. of years. Scientific
work that was not carried on in a laboratory under the direction of G.V. kbl.'-
bort and information contained in foreign literature have not been used
sufficiently.
Ideas developed in this book are the same as those expressed in the
collection of scientific works of the Chair of Normal Physiology of the
Kiev Midical Institute, published in 191 under the title F`1.ziologiya
Protsessov Utomleni a i Vosstanovleni~ (Physiology of the.~'rocesses of
Fatigue and Recove The book is quite useful not only to physiologists,
but ctl.so to workers in the field of preventive medicine.
Public Health, giene, and Sanitation
77. Allowable Concentration of Methanol Vapors in the Air
"Data on the Hygienic Norm for the Threshhold of Allowable Con-
centration of Methanol Vapors in the Atmospheric Air," by Tuan
Feng-dui, Chair of Public Hygiene, Central Institute for the
Advanced Training of Physicians; Moscow, Gigiyena i Sanitarlya,
Vol XXIV, No 10, Oc?1{ 59, pP 7-12
Investigations were conducted to detextnine the allowable concentration
of methanol vapors in the air. Methanol is an initial material used in the
production of formaldehyde, phenolfc~rmaldehyde tars, and a number of syn-
thetic products. It is used widely as a solvent in ?the manufacture of pajnkn,
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chemicopharmaceutical preparations, and other products. Large quantities
of methanol vapors are discharged into the air by the waod-processing,
paint, metal-processing, and chemical industries. '.Phe si;uc:~' o{' thr, e:f'fc~cl?,
of methanol vapors on man and animals, and of the threshhol~i of permissi-
ble concentration of the vapors in tl.~e air is of particular importance at
present, inasmuch as the current Seven-Yeas Plan fur the development, of
the economy of the USSR envisages a considerable inerep.se ir_ prUduction
and use of methanol.
'The investigations established that the thresl~liold vi olfactory
perception for methanol is 1~.3 milligram/c3; the thresYiYiold fur optical
sensitivity is 3.1E milligrams/c3; animals exposed ?to methanol vapors in
concentrations of 50 milligrams/c3 for a period of 3 months for 1~ hours
a day developed modifications in motor chr~na.,gr; and chronic intoxication
with methanol vapors in c,~ncentration of 1.8 miLi.igrams/c3 had nq effect
on the motor chronaxy and rheobase ci' the animals.
Chi the basis of the data obtained, the ma:simutn threshhold for metha-
nol vapor concentration in the air was established at 1.5 milligrams/c3.
78. Micrcor enisms in Milk :Destz?oyed by' Electric Discharge
"`.['>!c Universal Effect of an Electric Discharge on Milk," by
V. D. Surlrov, N. Ye. Fedoa^ov and I. A. Rogov, Mosco~?r Tecl:~zo-
I.ogical Institute of the Meat end Itilillc Incius'try; I{ra,snndar,
I~.vestiva 1.' ssrilrh Uchebnylth Gavec'.gniy-Pishchevaya ~thr~olop~e,
Nom, 19j)., pp ~- -7
Wherx e11 olectric impulse is pr~xiuced i_n milk, arld en~am, cavitational
phenomena arise and become th.e basic reason for the changes occurring in
the p~.~dttct. The changes were confirmed by means oi' microphotographing
fat particles and by the determination of physical characteristics.
In a1 cases, the simu'_?taueous development of fat caalscence and. dis-
persion is -Hated i.n the i:r~itiz~l stage. The iriter~sity o_ the d.evelopmeiit
of one rr the o?thGr factor depends on the ph;,?sicochemic~?1 preparatio: oi'
'the medium and the opera.t3.on temperature of ?the actual process.
The concentration off' fat in the plasma appears to be tl:e deciding
factor i.n acYticvinC, a given end. product.
The action of the el~sctric in~pulse in mills is accompanied by the de-
struction of microorganisms in the product.
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RadioloF,y
79. Polonium Distribution and Its Elimination from Animals After Unithiol
Administration
"Distribution characteristics of Polonium and Its Elimination
From Animals After Unithiol Administration," by Ye. V. Erlek-
? Bova; Moscow, Meditsinskaya Radiologiya, Vol ~+, No b, Aug 59,
pp 54~-60
The purpose of this research was to explain the effect of Unithiol
(2,3-dimercaptopropanol) on the processes of distribution and elimination
of polonium from organisms and the nature of the changes in the organs of
the animals to which this preparation was administered.
Photomicrographs and autaradiograms of the organs of control and ex-
perimental rats after the administration of polonium (Po210) calculated
at 0.1 microcurie~kg are presented.
The author presents the following conclusions:
CPYRGHT
"l. The earlier use of Unithiol, in the amount of 100-50 mg~kg after
the entrance of polonium (0.1 mC~kg) into an organism speeds and quantita-
tively increases the amount of this element excreted from asi organism. R~-
lonium, on the whole, is eliminated through the urinary system (kidneys),
where it is found in large concentrated quantities. Thereby, the polonium
content in the rest of the organs and systems is diminished. Thic? is mark-
edly expressed in the hemopoietic organs (spleen and lymph glands),.
"2. The life duration of experimental white rats is prolonged from
13 to 95 days. The acute course of the disease assumes a. chr,~nic form,
"3. After the use of Unithiol, the moa~?phol.ogical symptoms . of the
effect of polonium on the hemopoietic organs are delayed with the passa@,e
of time and do not assume such severe forms (the complete disappearance
of blood formed elements) as compared with control rats at the tine of
their death on the 11th-13th-20th day after the subcutaneous administra-
tion of polonium (0.1 mC~kg).. The macrophage reaction in the experimental
rats is lowered, and with it, the number of zr~nes producing strong ioniza-
tion is diminished due to the captu?~e of polonium by mac mpbages.
"~+. In the kidneys, due to the accumulation of large quantities of
polonium, dystrophic changes appear sooner then in the controls, and the
changes are severe in nature (toward the 102nd-115th day, they assume the
picture of acellular nephrosclerosis)."
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~~. Segtxnnce: :t ti ilt;,rel!~~pment of Pa.trolo~.cal Processes due to Ionizing
Rruliat?ir.?n
"The Sequence 4f Fi7.oa~3 Rcac?ti.~n Changes due: to the l;ffect of
Ionizing Rad.iati~ns," by A. N. Komissarov, N. Ye. Komissarov,
and L. T. Kostitsyn, Main Military fir~spital imeni N. N. Bur-
denlcc~; Moscow, merapevtieheskiy Arlchiv, Vol 31, No 8, Aug 59,
PP 3-11 __._
A systematic studv was condo^.tQd over a 5-year period on the peMphe~al.
blood o.f 30 people working in an X-ray therapy depaz~tment, and of 100 pa-
tients suf!'ering from thrombophlebitis and treated by small amounts of
X rays (25 r per treatment). Resu:Lts reveal~a a certain sequence in the
reaction changes of the hamopoieti.c tissue These reaction changes de-
pended on thc. sensitivity threshal.d. c.f the ezythropoietic and leukopoiet3c
systems (Frith their vazious cellular elements) to X rays. This sequence
in the dr:v~~lr~pment ~f the pathological pr;~cesses in the hemap~ietic tis-
sue r~uo to the effect of ionizing radiation can be outlined as follows:
Phas~~ of hrmadynamic neurn~.irculat?ory reactions with the appropriate
changes in the peripheral blc)od indexes,
Phase :.f stim~ll.ation ~.f hem~~p~~ietic tissue proliferation
Stage r~f e:~sin.ophilia, l.ymph.~cytosis, and monocyt.ssis
Stage? of J_eukc~cytc,sis Frith ec~sinophilia, lympYiocyt~asis, and mono-
cy-tosis
Stage of leulcocytcsis with dFlayec! differentiation of the myeloid
Stage rf leukem~~id 2~actir~ns ~~.th the possible onset of acute
leul;osis (x~ticul~~sis and. hem~~cytc~blastc~?ir~)
Phase ,~~F inhibi?:i.on of pruliferati:~:n and differentiation of the hemo-
poLetie tissue
at;age cif leuk~~pen3a
Stage of ).euk.~pen:I.a, witk? the delayed d.ifferen.tiatJ.7n of the
myeloid elements
Stage :~f agr^rul.~cyt,~:rGis !rare)
Stage of hemmer-rhagic aleukia
Panmyel.ocytosis ? _. 62 -?
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ail. .l~,ad~I.ati':.n .:.u, axles ,_~f Jvaries F?~viewed
"Rad.ir~.tion ;In~u:xd.es ~:~f Ytvaries," by .K. N. Pr:hedinsiciy; Mascak;
Medit~sinsl~a R.ra~diaingiy~ 1Tol lN, Nc 3, Aug 59, pp 7-?78
The a,uth:;:rr..views Soviet anti r_~~n-^~?v'iet s~~urces on the subject of
ra.diati~~n inju.rir~ +.~f ovarihs. Af~,t-~ from the past half century include
both clinical. ,~bsea-vatiuns and an:Lmal exp~:r.Lmentatic,n. Pertinent mate-
' rial discusses the radiasensitivity Gf the ovarie>> at various periods in
their deve.lc;pment and maturatian. ~hN reacti~~n :7f c-~var3ea (hist:~.logieal
changes ax~.d d~.sturbances in the estral and mexxstruat cycles) exposed to a
aingl.e w1..:1.e?-h%x9,y irradiation by large doses is c~:~mpared with the reactann
of ovara.as exg~sF?d t:. small doses c:,ver a long per3.od.. The effects of
local and genF:~al i.rxadiati~~n, the d?evel~~pment of angic~neur~~sis, the onset
~f tnalignancy, disturbances in :fat metabolism, steyil.ity, and the shorten-
ing o;f' life a~~ a1c~?_ d:Lscussed.
Treatment ;.,f rnrarie.j su~.,jected tv radiati~~n in~uzles includes the ad?
ministratiC;.n ~zf g~~raadc~t:raphic h?:~?rrnc,ne, tb.e implantation ~~f hypophysial t3.s?-
sue, the transp.lantati~n r.f ovarian tissue, and the use of compounds such
as B61L (2,3-?dimF,?r.?capt~~px+_~panol), mercaptoethylP*uine, and cystineamine.
a2. T.r~a,tm.Pnt; r f Ac:u.te. Rad.:i.atir~n Pamaa~.
"Ra=ic Fri.nr.ipl~s i.n ~~t~ating Acute Radiatic,n Damages," 1~' Prof
V. n. I'arber, ~'9.rst Cbair ~~f Therapy tax Advanced Training of
Pbysicians?s Military Medical ~:dst~.er cif Lenin Academy imeni
~. M. Kir;.~v; M~'.scr.~w, Terapevtiche kiy Arkhiv, V'ol 31, No 8,
Aug 59, pp 12?..17
Z`he. s;yn.iir:~mes ?:?~,f a.~~ut~ _~3iat~,i:.n dama,ge:~ ui.~at :r.+ssistant t~.~ c;:mplex
antizad.ia,ti~~n thez?apy ,s;;em tc~ involve distu.'r?banccs in immunogenesis, bemo-
poiesis, and bl~'~c~d coagulate :gin and, tc:, a lesser, degree, in respiration,
circulati::~n, and digestian.
Ta c:ambat trsse syndrr.,me:. m~~,t ~-ffectivFly, the auth~~r oa+,lines the
use ..~f various preventive ar..d. tbs~rapeutic mFan.s, such as tb.e use of vita-
mins (B gz?,:.up, G, PP, and. PABA), n~~uropl.egic an3 neunirt;rr~phic c~~mg~unds,
analeptics, mercaminF?~typA ccmp~~unds, te.:z.an-2 ~, tb.e intravenous a.dxninis-
tratirn .^.f wiz~3l.e b1t,r>d and. blr~+:.~. campcnents (tk~iY~mbc~cytes with an adequate
"charge" C~.f thrY~mb-~kinass, etc., antibiotics, acid a we11.-balanced diet of
proteins fats and carb~~~by3x~atAs,
Best rnsults aza ~~btained when the ar_ti.radiati~~n measures axe taken
prir~r t~:,, du:ring, a.nd cc,:~n after ix~xadiati~~n, plus tb.e subsequent c;~mbined
therapy of ruiii.ati~~3n sicknFss.
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B3? Case of Portal Thrombosis Cured by Radioactive Phosphorus
"Portal Thrombosis in Erythrema Cured by Radioactive Phos-
phorous," by M. I'. Taron-rolcina, Therapeutic Clinic, Central
Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Railways USSR; Moscow, Tera-
pevtichesltiy Arkhiv, Vol 31, No 8, Aiig 59, pp 1+1-43
The author describes a case of polycythemia with a clinically atypi-
cal course . Polycythemia was diagnosed in a 35-Yeo.r~old patient long afbar
thrombosis had developed in tho poxtal system. This singne case merits
attention because despite the very severe clinical picture (vomiting,blxd
in stool, ascites, and acute abdomen), treatment by radioactive phosphorus
resulted in complete clinical and hecnatologiral remission which is still
maintained 2 years later.
The patient's clinical history, treatment, and. detailed blood study
are described fora 37-day perl.od. The results axe discussed, and several
hypotheses are presented.
81~. X`Ray Therapy of Infectious Encephalitides
"X-Ray Therapy of Infectious Encephalitides," by N.S. Kha=
rov, X-Ray Department of Ukrainian Scientific Research Psy-
choneLtrological Institute; Mr~scow, Vestnilc Ren?tg~noJ.og.Li
i Rad.iologii, No 5, Sep~Oct 59, pp 3=?~'-
This article presents data on results ~~~" X-r y t~~erapy of. lE2 patients
suffering from infectious encephala.tis anal men.:Lllg~~en.cephalitis.
The dose ranged from 50 to 100 r per trF~atrnent, with a total dose of
lH00-g00 r per course of treatment. The majority of patients a.rri~red with
the chronic farm of the disease and were treatsd by X-?ray therapy combir~d
with other therapeutic agents (glucose, ur~~tropin, vitamins, antibioticr~,
etc .) . Additional details of the patients' con.diti~~ns, treattnents, and
responses axp included.
Various degrees of improvement were noted in 32 petients; in scme,
there was partial or complete res~toration caf tre:~~lsing cap~citJt. There was
slight improvement in 6 o-thez?s, and no imprc~vcment ir.. the x~emain:ing 1+ pa-
tients.
CPYR~Ta'uthor presents tlxe folloY?ring conclusions:
"X-ray therapy is an effective means af. trnating J.r.~fectious encepha-
litides and nteningoencephalitides. X-ray therapy is especially recommen-
ded in chronic processes which rnspond poorly to other methods of treatment.
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CPYRGHT
"During X-ray therapy of patients suffering from infectious encepha-
litides and meningoencephalitides, the. unpleasant sub,}ective phenomena and
disturbances of motor function are the first to disappear. The most sta-
ble are the disturbances of the sensory sphere and pathological changes in
the cranial nerves."
~5? Near-focus X-R Thera v of Li Cancer
"our Facperience of Near-Ibcus X-Ray Therapy df Lip Cancer,"
by M. S. Polushina-I'edorovich, Central Clinical Roentgeno- -
Radiological Hospital, Ministry of Railways USSR; Moscow,
Vestnik Rentgenologii i Radiologii, No 5, Sep~Oct 59, pp 7-11
This article describes results of near-focus X-ray treatment of 160
patients with various stages of lip cancer. Immediate results were as
follows: 1000 cure of 137 paitients in the first stage and 95.686 cure far
patients in the second stage of the disease. The cure for those in the
third stage was 78.g~.
C PYR~Tauthor presents the following conclusions:
"Near-focus X-ray therapy is a simple and effective method of treat-
ing lip cancer.
"Treatment can be adminis?t~red at the outpatient department without
interruption of the patient's work.
"This method of X-ray therapy is most effective for the first and
second stages of lip cancer."
8~. Basic Problems of Contem ra Radiobialo~v Reviewed
"C~n Certain Pr~~blems of Contemporary Radio7aioloQ}r, " by Pm:f
A. V. Pobedinslciy and Yu. I. Moskalev; MUSC;~W, Vestnik Akad~-
emii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSR, No 9, Sep 59, pp 3-1~
This article reviews Soviet and non-Soviet s;~ux~ces on several inter-
esting, basic problems of contemporary radi~~biolo~. The effect of ioniz-
ing rad3.ations on organisms may be subdivided in-t~; :radiation effects on.
the various cell components, on organs and syatems, and ~ti the organism as
a whole.
The significance of studying the effects of ia:,zizing red.:i.ations on
individual cell components?lies in the possibility of linking radiation
sequelae to definite cellular components, such as the chromosomes, the mi~
crosomes, etc. The sub,Ject of mutation and its various aspects, causes,
and mechanisms is considered.
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Radiatio:7-inuucetl changes in the nervous system and the endocrine sys-
tem and the ?to:cic products thus produced are reviewed. The high radiosen-
i~it:ivity of the central nervous systern, especially its synaptic apparatus,
and disturbances in vascular ?tonic-lty, Irrmeability, and hemopoiesis are
emphasized.
Additional significant information discusses radiation hazards to the
organl.sm as a ~?~hole, such as the stimulating effect of radiation, physio-
logical injury, ?the radiation threshold, the natural (background) radiation
leve?., dynarnic "radioactive" equilibrium, adaptation, and death. The pos-
sibility of pathological regeneration leading to the onset of malignant
neoplasms is a7.so mentioned.
Numerous sources of ionizing radiations with their varying character-
istics are discussed.
Surgery
f37. Convalescing Burn Victims Acquire Active "Antiburn" Immunity
"The Effect of Imnlunotherap; ~ on the Renal F~inctional Condition
During Burn Sickness," by S. V. Skurlcovich and T. I. Zaretskiy,
Pathophysic?logical Laboratory, Central Institute of Hematology
,and Blood Transfusion, Ministry of Public Health USSR; Moscow,
Khiz~argiya, PTo 7, ,Sul 59, pp 16-20
i3esttlts of various renal function tests and general tuzinalysis on
seven dogs subjected 'to severe burns are discussed. The. authors present
the following conclusions:
CPYRGHT
1. The adrninistration of serum obtained from donor dogs convalesc-
ing from sevore burns, to burn victims prevents the development in the
latter of po.~tburr~ anurea. Sumultaneously, normalization of the rhythm
of diurc:ses and also of the renal concentration capacity are noted.
"2. Immunotl:erapy leads to improve3 intrarenal circulation. This
is mranifestc:d by increased glomeruiar filtration, effective renal circu-
lation, and the no~ralization of the permeability of the glomerular mem-
brane .
"3. TLe administ~atior_ of serum from convalescing burn patients aid:
in maintaining the secretory activity of the tubular epithelium at the op-
timum ].eve1 all through the to:tiic phase .
"11~. The7~e is every reason to assume that the toxemic factor evident
in burns exerts a marked negative effect on renal activity, especially on
the functional condition of the tubular portion of the nephron.
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CPYRGHT
"5. In animals which had suffered burns and which, by virtue of this
exile rl.ence, had acquired active antitoxic 'anti-burn' immunity, repeated
thermal trauma did not exert ao pronounced an injury of the specific tubu-
lar function as was the case after the initial burn."
4f3. Rapidly Solidifying Liquid Plastic Substance Recommended for Primary
and Postoperative Covering of Burned Surfaces
"A Film Made From a Rapidly Solidifying Liquid Plastic for the
Primary Covering of Burns," by V. A. Polyakov, Central Insti-
tute of Tra,tunatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Public Health
USSR; Moscow, Khirurrxiva, No 7, Jul 59, pp 13-16
A rapidly solidifying film made from liquid plastic and containing
analgesics, antiseptics, and antibiotics for the primary covering of burns
is described and reconunended for use? in cases of simultaneous extensive
burns and lack of thorough surgical treatment. The film, which wa,s tested
on t32 rabbits with favorable results, forms a harmless elastic sheath which
hermetically seals the burned surface from unfavorable external effects
without retarding the healing processes.
This film can be used for first aid and self aid at factories, under
expeditionary conditions, and at polyclinics as a substitute for "kleol,"
for covering postoperative sutures after surgery and to fix skin grafts
in plastic surgery, etc.
TY:e application is simple and can be performed by the nurse under the
surgeon's supervision. The composition and certain advantages of this sub-
stance are desc~~.bed.
F39. Burn CF.zter Fro osed for T~.~eating Severe Burn Victims
"Treatment of Extensive Ther~ual Burns," by R. L. Ginzburg and
Prr~f N. N. Priorov; Moscow, 1Chirurgiya,, No 7, Jul 59, p 3-12
Certain Soviet and non-Soviet sources on the various procedures for
treating extensive bttro injuries are reviewed. Immediate aid and long-
term therapy, local and general treatment of burn victims, and the use of
sedatives, transi'usio~z, antibiotics, skin transplantations, drugs, diet,
etc . az~r~ considered.
P:~periments a:~ no~~r being conducted on the use of the proteolytic
activity of streptococcal enzymes in tr;~.ating burn injuries. These en-
zymes -- varidase, streptol~inase, and streptodornase -- which are ob-
tained from streptococci, initiate lysis of burn scars and promote heal-
ing.
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Prof N. N. Priorov, head of the Central Institute of Traumatolo~}r
and Orthopedics, has organized a so-called "bank" for the storage of var-
ious tissues, including slcin, thus making it possible to have the neces-
sary materials available for emergency cases of severe extensive burns.
The authors conclude the article by stating that the tremendous azid
difficult task of treating severe burns requires that the subject be stud-
ied on a large scale by clinical observations. To do this, it is necessary
to organize a burn center where appropriate conditions wi11 be established
:~'o?r treating such patients, and where clinicians, immunologists, hematolo-
gists, bacteriologists, morphologists, biochemis?cs, and histologists can
combine their efforts.
Veterinary Medicine
90. Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis sui.s
"Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis Buis, " by Ch. Lehnert,
Institute of Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Medicine
Karl Marx University, Leipzig; Leipzig, Monatshefte fuer Vet-
erinaermedizin, Sonderheft, Oct 59, pp 5- 9
Swine infected with brucellosis very rare-ly react to slow serum agglu-
tination with high titers. Higher titers are obtained with the Coombs test
and, at times, with agglutination in a 5-percent Na.Cl medium. The Coombs
test can be used on animals for which a positive diagnosis cannot be~ ob-
tained by ordinary agglutination. Nonspecific agglutination reactions oc-
cur in about 50 percent of healthy animals in dilutions of 1:10 and 1:20,
more rare?V 1:1E0, and often involve diagnostic difficulties. Agglutinates
at ;6oC eliminates or mitigates these nonspecific reactions without essen-
tial influence on infection titers. This method is therefore suggested fc~?
clarifying questionable reactions.
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MLscellaneous
91. Machine Capable of T~einf~ Educated Developed
"A Machine Capable of Tearing," by Prof S. Braynes, director
of Experi.mcr,tal It~boratories of Tnstitute of Psychiatry, Acad-
emy of Medical Sciences USSR: Moscow, Izvestiya, 19 Auk; 59,
P ~+
Individual principles developed during study of the cerebrum may be
utilized for the construction of new cybernetic machines. This path of
research promises to yield much for the technique of solving the actual
Lheoretical problems posed a~t present.
It is necessary especially to emphasize that the matter concerns not
only the applicaL?ion of already known laws, but also concerns new special-
ized investigations for tY~e study of those problems which arise during the
development of cybernetic machines.
The teaching of Academician I. P. Pavlov give a firm scientific basis
to these ir~vesti~3ations. The methods of objective study of higher nervous
activity, developed by I. P. Pavlov and his apprentices, open the way for
the solution of several theoretical questions posed in the field of cyber-
netics. In particular, physiological investigations were conducted by Prof
S. Bz~aynes and A. Napaldov to explain those principles which lie at the
basis of cerebral function. They proved to be an extremely ideal, self-
ad,justing system of control. The investigators also studied the regularity
of the reprocessing of information in the animal cerebrum which made it pos-
sible for them to utilize old experience in new situations, that is, to use
information accumulated earlier. The mechanisms were clarified, which ena-
uled them to quickly discover the required information iri the cerebrum.
The authors of these works, together with young specialists of the
Chair of Automation and. Telemechanics of the Moscow Power Institute, which
is~headed by Yu. Kushelev, built the cybernetic machine "Obuchayushchiysya"
(learning) Automat.
The new automat, which is one of the, initial efforts of this type, is
capable of being educated. It may form its program by itself and may modify
it when new conditions for its functioning arise.
92. Electronics irr N~dicine
"The Use of Electronic Technology in Medicine," by A. D.
Voskreser~skiy and A. T. Prokhorov; Moscow, Sovetskoye
Zdravooktiraneniye, rIo 8, Aug 59, PP 19-25
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The author of ?this article states that with the use of electronic com~?~
paters, a few mathematical techniques can be applied to aid certain aspects
of medical diagnosis. Research on this possibility has shown that 'a com-
puter can produce a list of possible diagnoses for a hospital case by ana-
lyzing the symptoms, by compiling statistics, by tabulating quantitative
data derived from electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, electrocardio-
phonograms, electrocardiomanometric recordings, axed r~oentgenokymograms, and
by making calculations based on such data. Several of these electronic diag..
nostic devices were developed in the USSR during 1957 and 1958 and have been
successfully tested in clinical practice.
It is stated that Soviet medical statistics is the most advanced in the
world in many respects. The use of electronic computers in nedicine is con-
tinually expanding in the USSR, anQ much work still remains to be done in
trying out computing techniques under practical conditions.
The reorganization of methods of recording statistics is one of the
problems associated with the use of electronic computers. Close cooperation
among members of various branches of science is necessary for the realistic
application of computer systems in medical practice. But without a suffiW
cient number of trained personnel it is meaningless to discubs their extean~-
sive utilization. An example of close cooperation among various groups of
specialists is ?the combined effort of several scientists of the city of Kiev
who are trying to solve the problem of diagrso.sing mf.?tral cardiac s?ten~;sia.
These scientists are Prof A1. M. Amosov, Physician N. T. Mokx~ik, E!~xgineers
V. M. Glushkov, Ye. A. Shkobara., Mathezr~aticians B. 1T. Gneden~:o, and M. A.
Kul.ikova, and others.
CPYRGHT
The author of this article quotes Acadezaician A. I. Ber who said tha~r
CPYRGH
e n a exper, i are on e ectronic computers wii.l be la~r~~e y buU the eca~b
nom~.c, technical, and other advantages derived from their use wii.l. waxrant
In cry case, taking into considE?r-atio;n t?'~.e prosZ~ecta far the develo;p:~::~.t
of medicine, mathematics, cy~erneticfiy and computing techniques, it ca:t1 e.e
said with certainty that the day is not far away when the prediction T., ~i?PYRGHT
Pavlov made 3n igo9 will come true. Pavlov said that a'9.1 life f
s mp es organism to the most complica"~eci organisms, iraciuding human, is a
long series of the highest degree of continual:Ly comp:~3cated, talanced
adjustrr~ents to the irrm~ediat;E environment."
93? Political Indoctrination at M?dical Insti?fute .
"A Tested Form of Political Ind.octrination.," ~~;~? I. D~inski~i;
Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, No 77 (1825), 25 Sep 59, P 2
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The author of this article states that Communists of the Institute of
Neurosur~3ery imerii TT. P. Burdenko of the Acaderr{y of Sciences USSR have been'
preparing for the new school term. Members of the party began their plan-
ning as early as Tune 1958. They held a conference and decided that the
course of political indoctrination given during the previous school term
produced good results. This conference was concluded with a 2-day dis?-~
cussion on the subject of the building of Communiam.~
The Secretary of the Party Bureau, Candidate of Biological Sciences
V. Ye. Mayorchek, stated that "the people who attended the course in po13t-
ical indoctrination last year, displayed great diligence, showed profound
comprehension of theories, and strove to organically connect these theories
with life and with practical problems in medicine."
The majority of the Communists at the institute chose a method of polit-
ical indoctrination which proved fio be ral.iable. This method consists of
independent research, using primary sources. This is followed 'by theoretical
conferences and discussions. Four seminars will be offered this year..Pro-
fessors, aspirants, and interns will be exposed to lectures on philosophical
problems of modern natural science. The Party Bureau has approved the assign-
ment of the best propagandists as instructors. V. M. Ugryumov, Doctor of
Medical Sciences; A. Ya. Podgornaya, Aoctor of Medical Sciences; and V. V.
Arkhangel'skiy,(Candidate of Medical Sciences, are some of the propagandists
who will act as'instructors.
No program was drawn up at first, and the nece~:_.ar'y li?ccrature was
unavailable. However, scientific workers of the Tnatitute o"~tained the ail
of the Chair of Philosophy of the Acade~? of Nhd:ical Scie,~~.ces USSR, whiciz
;procured the necessary literature.
The philosophical seminar will discuss such top:tcs as the Msrxis?c~-
lieninist theory of perception and some problems in i.aodern :aat:ux?al, scie?~;ce
and medicine.
TYiirtee.n clubs have been organized ?~o study tl~e, history of the Co:rtcnu~??
nis-"~ Party of the So~rie+., Uxiion. Exi.~eriencCd pro;~~;anr7.i5ts have bee:a
selec';ed to become leaders of ?these clubs. ,Mem~oershlp ~f these club:., Y:as
'been opened to Communists, Yomsomol memberb, ar:d ?to pLrpi,e wiWhout aa~y
party affilit~:f;~.on.
Subprofessional and technical personnel. with 15.rrd.~re:~? political. train~~
ins will b~a exposed to popular-vype lectures cr,~~, general polttcal an.cl :_ei~~
entific subjects. 1'sctures will Y,u supplerr~ntca wi?~;:~ a~~pr~oz~riate nae+sies~
These lectures and movies will show the a.ch:T.t?re~r~~:~~?,;~ ,~f Soviet }~oY~le :~;o.
their struggle to bring 'to reality ?the decis~.o::.s at' +:he 2 ~..s?t uong-rESS of
the Communist party of the Sov-Yet Union and of the plenums of the Central
Committee. The foreign policy of the Soviet Union will also be discussed.
ucientific associates of the insti?'cute and members of the All-Union Society
for the Disseffina?tion of Political and Scientific Knowledge will be aske3
to lecture.
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9~+? Soviet Medical Vuzes in 1958/1959 Academic Year
"Higher Educational Institutions of Ministries of Health in the
1958/1.959 Academic Year," 'by G. N. Sorvina; Moscow, Sovetsk e
..^.~dravookhraneniye, No 10, Oct 59, pP 63-64
During the 1958/1959 academic year, 80 vuzes(higher educational insti-
tutions) operated within the system of the ministries of health: 72 were
,, medical, 2 stomatological, and 6 pharmaceutical; in a11, there were 70
therapeutic faculties, 27 pediatric, 22 sanitary-hygiene, 22 etomatological,
16 pharmaceutical, and one faculty on the technology of medicinal and aro-
ma~;ic substances.
During 1958, the fallowing changes took place within the ?vuzes of the.
USSR; a medical institute in the city of Grodno, Belorussian SSR, was opened;
the Medical Faculty of Vladivostok University was reorganized into an insti-
tute; and the Moscow Pharmaceutical Institute was reorganized isato a Phar-
maceutical Faculty of the First Nbscow Medical.Ins$itu$e. The training of
physicians in the 1958/1959 academic year was undertaken by the Medical
Faculties of the Yakutsk, Uzhgorovsk, Vil'nyus, and Tartu ?ua~i.versities.
Every year the .number of medical students, studying at evening and cor-
respondence faculties increases. In the Ukrainian SSR, three semesters ,of
evening faculties of medical institutes at which 1,55^, persons are now s$l~~];y-
ing have been conducted.
During 1958, some 91,829 persons took examinations in gyn.%zes. In the
1958/195,9 academic year, 27,815 students were enrolled Yn the first year
course of medical vuzes, an increase of 7,415 perso;~s over ?Gi1e 1950/1951
academic year. one number of first year students was 3:ccreased iet a1.i i'ac-
ulties except in the sanitary-hygiene faculties. In the '1950/1951 academic
year, th.e number of students enrolled i?~ the firs$ year courses amounted $o
209400; in 1956/1957, 'the number was 26,961.; in 1.y57/1958, the number was
269293; and in the 1958/1959, the number was 2798.15. The number of male
students was slightly larger than i:a the preceding yee.rs.
On 15 September 19589 the total, number of stud.esl:ts s?tudyi:cg in vuz~s
of the ministries of health numbered 1.62,768, no?t crn.~nl;ing the evening and
correspondence departments. Of this total9 male studen~f;s represented 7286
of the therapeutic faculty, ~ 9~ of ?~.~e pediatric facul.;~r, 10~b .of the aan3.~:ary-
hygiez~e faculty, 5~ of the s?toma~tological faculty, ar,.d ~~ of ?t~ae g~.armaceuY;:f ~~~
cal and engineering technological faculties.
The number of graduates in 1958 exceeded ?~,I~c~ ~ y5c, ~~r~~ad~u.ata5 't~y 2;y?~ a~1.d
the 1956 graduates by 25~. The number of gt?ad~.zata5 wa?s T.rlo.
The substance and results of the present investi~,ation are closely
related to Redmond's recent worts (Phys Rev 112, 104(1958)) on excl~:.sion
of nonphysical poles from propagators.' Tn distinction to the work of this
author, which is based on 'the relation between the spectral representations
for a propagator and for the polarization operator, we proceed from the
principle of sununat:~?on of information derived from the perturbation theory
under the sign of 'the Kallan - Lelunann spectral integral. >3y summing up
in this way the contributions from the "main logari?h,?Zmie diagrams," one
can obtaii.i expressions for the photon propagator in quantum electrodynamics
and -the meson propagator of the synunetrical charge theory which possess
all the essential prope.r~ties of the result obtained by Redmond, such as
the correct analytical behavior in the complex plane of the momentum
variable~p~' and a singularity frith the respect to the square of the
charge e~ ? at the point e2 0. However, in distinction to the results
of the above refarenr_e(which correctly yields only the lowest .order in
the perturbation theory), the expressions of the present paper correspond
to exp;lnsion ~l:ex?ms in the pertu~^batio~i theory in the r..zlge of ].arse 1~2
and oi' arbitrary order.
Account of lowest logari+htnic terms shotrs that the region of appli-
cability of tY:e new formulas coincided with tha?c of the older fozmiulas
possessing logarithmic singularities as it is res~Lricted ley the condition.
of smallness of the invariant charge. The technique oi' red.ucin~; t'~e
e:~-press~.ons obtained to a. reiiormalizai:ion-invariant fozm is illur~trated
for the case of a photon propagator. In conclusion, come considerations
r;:a~?ding nonrnnorr ,tilizable theories s.re discussed.
i3t'? ? Decal of Transuranic Elem~ants
"Spontaneous Fission of Am-2.4J., " by V. L. Mikheyev, N. IC.
Sl:obelev, V. A. Druin, and G. N. ;'lorov; P~Ioscos~r, ~iuzlzal
IIss ~erimental'noy i Teor?e?ticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 3'; , ~To ~,
Sep 59, pp 5~-~ul
It was attempted to improve results obtained by E. Se~;re wnd others
(P1~~~s Rev, ~~~, 21 (1952)) in determining the periods of spont~uieous fission
of Axn-2T1, bar using a more sen:.itive method. T1~~2 1-izs been round t?o be 1.j
times longer than that found by Se~;re.
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18 DECfMB~ER 1959 2 OFD ~~,
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135 ? Woa:~lc c~ti ~chrocyclotron of Jo1.n~L? Insti~tu~e of Nuclear Research
"The Crour; Sectioiic~ of Elas?tlc ScattcrinU of Poci~tive ~'-Mesonr
of.' a95 Mev Lner~ry on Carbon rend Li?thiwn Nuclei," by V. G. Ivanov,
V. T. Osipenltov, N. T. Petrov, and, V. A. Rusakov, Joint In.atitute
of Nur~.l.ear Research; Moscow, 71~~urnal' Iks erimcntal'noy i Teoreti-
r;}~r,.rstcoy i'izl.lci, Vol 37, No 3, SeP 59, Pp G3- ~ .
Met~surements have been made on the synchrocyclotron of the Joint Tn?-
s titute o:(' Nuclear Research by acing a cloud chamber in a magnetic field,
as in previous experiments with negative particles (V. P. Dzhelepov, V. G.
Ivanov, M. S. ICozodayev, V. T. Osipenkov, N. T. Petrov, V. A. Rusakov,
LhETF, 31, 923 (1956))? Nxperi;nental data of elastic scattering on C
and Li nuclei, as well as theoretical data, obtained by quasi-?clasr~ical
approxl.mr.~tian from formulas of the optical model (see reference above)
are presented in graphs . The ctu?ves :;how a good agreement between ex-
periments and theory.
13~. New Book on Neutron Speetrometr
S,~cktrr.;iietriya Bystryld~ Ne ronov (Fast Neutron Spectrometry),
by B. V. Rybalcov and V. A. Sidorov, Moscow, 1958, 175 Pp
A. detailed discussion of electronic methods of spectrometry of fast
neu+;runs (0.3 - 30 Mev) is presented. Particular attention is paid to the
;nethod of flight time which is new with respect to the specified energy
range. 'L'l~e book is intended for scientific and engineering .reserache.rs
studyist~; cxperiinental nuclear physics, as we11 as for physics students.
137? Start o,~F. Experimental Reactor in Geor ran SSR Announced
"Atomic Reactor Started Up in Georgia" (t.nsigned article); Moscow,
7zve_`tiya, (~ Nov 5g, p 3
A research reactor was started up at the T*~stitute of Physics., Academy
of Science:. Georgian SSR. The reactor reached zts planned power of 2,000
kilowatt.
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13f3. Construc~L?ion Details and Or~erat-1ona1 Data on Bunt*arian Reactor
"'i'hc 1? irc;t IIunt;LariLan 1;;cperirnental. Atomic Reactor, " by Gyozo
Verde, chief engineer; Budapest, Ma~?yar Tudomt~nv, Jul/AuL;
59, 1~P 3'(9-335
An :unpor?tant ?ta:3k which aroue during construction was the production
of heL~vy concrete. I'or protection +a.gainsl; t;LmUna radiation, it was necessary
to produce a protective concrete con?tain:l.nl; hematite, wei~?,hted with iron
uddi?tiverr, aricl wi ~tlr a volume weiL;Yr?L- of 1E.2 tons per cubic meter; and tl?~is
had to be wor9;ed in among complicated ctruc?tural materials without leaving
any sp.~.ces. An even more di:['ficult problem was presented by production of
a protective concrete containing limonite, weiLlr?ted with iron additives,
and with a vol.wne weight- of 3.2 'tons per cubic meter. In this case we
achieved a bo~,uzd water content of 160 liters per cubic meter which enr3ures
that it will give outstanding protection against both g~raruna and neutron
radiation.
7~~e internal s?L?ructural parts oi' the reactor were prepared from, hiL,h
purity aluminwn. These were welded with argon gas protection arc welding.
The pipes of the cooling system, the pwnps, the date valves, the heat
exchangers, 'the degasifier, ar~d ion-exchange filter were all made of stain-
less steel. ire pipes fox? leading off water with radioactive contamination
were made of stainless steel, tested by X ray and i~rater pressure, and, be-
fore being buried, were supplied with protective pipes made of carbon steel.
Two underground concrete ?l-?ank:r, of 300 cubic meters' capacity each, serve
to store radioactively u~i:. ~; , ?:' ~,~-~ted water. These were prepared with stain-
less steel and carbon steel .~..lrlings.
As a result of the careful. washing procedures, the solid residue in
water cireu:LL~ted ,just prior to the starting of the reactor was 2.1
mi]_li~rams per liter.
A totLtil of 6,000 cubic rne?ters of normal concrete and 700 cubic meters
of heavy concrete had to be worked into the reactor building; ]+0 lcilometers
of cable were layed; 700 linear meters of ventillating conduit were built;
and the oil painted wall area reached 12,000 square meters.
73~e Hungarian reactor is a Crater-water (VVRSZ) type, heterogenous
system, operating on thermal neutrons. Distilled water serves as moderator
and reflector. The moderator is itself the cooling medium. Tlie maximum
attainable neutron flux is 2 x ].0 13 neutrons per square cen?L-imeter per
second . The maximwn thermal ou?trn.tt 9.s 2, 000 kilotratts . 73ze maxim~n flux
attainable through the horizontal experimental channels is 5 x 10 neutrons
per square centimeter per :second. The fuel is uraniwn oxide enriched 10
percent with isotope U 235. The uranium oxide is mixed with magnesiwn
oxide and formed into rods 6 iuillirneters in diameter and 500 millimeters
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long. Theee Ertel elements are covered with a high purl.ty alwninwn ,~acltet
2 rnillirneters t~l:iclt. The altaminwn ,packet is hermetically sealed. The
fuel elernenta are mowlted in clusters for easier handling;. They are
placed in cL :rquare grid with their centers spaced a?t 17.5 millirnetcrs .
l;ach cluster ^ontains 16 fuel elements. The clusters are mounted in a
rough cylindrical form. The core is 645 millimeters in diameter and
500 rnil].imeters high and containa 51 clusters or Eilti fuel elements .
(Only 3]. clusteru were actually loaded according to information given
below. Tlrere is also a discrepancy between reported diameter of core
and reported diameter of container.) The core is placed in a vertical
aluminu.,i .:, with a diameter of 600 millimeters. This pipe is braced in
the centel~c:~i a container with a diameter of 2,300 millimeters. This
container, f'i11ed with water, is 5,700 millimeters tall. The large alumi-
num ccu}}7tn,iner is surrounded by a 200-millimeter-thick cast iron ring. All
this ?I.J placed in the center of A limonite heavy concrete bloclt 7,500
mi11.:L~~eters in diameter. At the top of the reactor, above the core, 3,500
millineters of water and E~00 millimeters of cast iron offer adequate pro-
tection against gamma and neutron radiation. Six experimental channels
of 100 millimeters di^lneter and three of 60 millimeters diameter extend
in a horizontal direction through the concrete, cast iron, and water filled
aluminum container to the fuel element clusters. The experimental channels
are empty alwninum pipes. The outer openings of the channels are closed
by cast-iron plates. An eccentric hole in the plate corresponds to the
channel opening. Tn a vertical direction there are eig~lt channels of
45 millimeters diameter, these channels are suitable for isotope manu-
facture. Three of the vertical channels are suitable for fast irradiation.
Materials let down through these channels proceed past the active zone
and slip into underground trot chambers. The hot chambers are small areas
lined with stainless steel and surrowlded by heavy concrete. A manipulator
extends into each hot chamber. 7~re inside of the the chamber can be ob-
served through a 'T20-millimeter-thiclt lead glass window. Radioactive
isotopes from the reactor can be raised out of the sliding tube by means
of a manipulator, can be broken up by means of a stainless steel breaking
machine, can be weighed, etc. The radioactive isotopes are carried in a
conve~rer car to the loading chamber and can be loaded by manipulator into
the opening arm of the transport container. The container closes automat-
ically and is lifted to the operational level by a crane, whence it can be
taken away by truck without danger.
In addition to the above channels, there is another horizontal exper-
imental channel 120 millimeters in diameter opening into the core. This
channel is embedded in a graphite disc. The length of the graphite block
is 3,500 millimeters. The aluminum covered graphite block is built onto
a cart which can be rolled in a circle. This is the so-called thermal
column. Four vertical. experimental channels open into the center of this
thermal column. For protection against ganmra radiation, a cast-iron pro-
tective layer can be rolled in front of the graphite block. Three vertical
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25o-rnillirne?ter-divneter experimenta]. chcuznel:; open into tho pro?tect:i.ve layer
of the x?cuctor f'or doinL; biolor.rical e j;crilnentu . A r;nu.].l.er. .l:i.d wit?; axr
ecccrltrJ.city of 293 millirneterc ir: built into ?tl;e 400-rnl.llimeter-thick cn?st
~~~ Tl;ir; uralcc~ it porruible to reach cash point oi' the core t?rithout
oi~errirr~; the ].id. There ir; a peri,~cope in ?the smaller .lid by mcana of which
the: core crux be observed during operation. At hitl;er outputs, the blue-
green Cererikov raditr.tion can be :;een very well.
The core must be packed in :such a way that the reactive reserve 9.s
approximately 5 percent. Dy liberating the reactive reserve, one can count-
erbal.arrce ?the vitiating effect of fission products, the exhaustion of the
U 235, ur..d the? reactivity changes appearing when ternperaturc changes ,:tic-
co~apcu?~y experiments or isotope rnantifactux?e. When the core is co:rrpletely
packed, ].,30U me~az?~att-days of power can be attained. Tn the carve of the
e.cper:trnental ~.?eo.ctox?, this packing is suitable for several years of
perio~lic opera?tior;.
Thore L?.x?e U. total of nine control rods (3 safety, 4 gross manual,
or;e f:lne manual, and one automatic) extending in among the fuel element
c1u:;ters. Three rods made of boron carbide in aluminumn jacket;3 are sus-
pended above the active zone as safety controls. The rods are suspend~?3
on s?tcel cable: held up by magnet:. If there is trouble in the operation
of the reactor, the magnets lose voltage and release the cables. Pre-
~tres~ed ::springs fire the boron carbide rods in among the uranium reds in
U.5 second.... This happens if reacter output goes above the permissible
leve]. by more than 20 percent; if the amplifier of the automatic control
system f'ai.ls; if the servo-motor oi' the automatic control loses voltage;
if the automatic contz?ol rod z?eaches its lower end-position; if a pump
in the cooling system fails; if circulation of cooling water goes below
the permissible value; if water pressure drops after pump operation; or if
tho d9.saster button is pushed. Another four baron carbide aluminum-jacketed
;:?ci~.;; can be moved among the fuel elements by remote manual control. For
p.reuision control there is one boron carbide rod whose position can be set
to ari accuracy of 0.5 millimeter.
Output; of the reactor is measured by means of a boron carbide coated
argon-filled chamber. `.Phe ch~.rmber is fed by cx 1+00-volt stabilized direct
cus?rent. The current through the chausber is proportional to the magnitude
of the radiation reaching it. fIeat output is also measured. Automatic
control is obtair;c:~l. with a steel rod with an aluminum ,jacket. Automatic
regulation between 0.0012 and l0U percent is accurate to plus or minus
1.5 percent. The sensing element of the control system is an ionization
chamber placed next to the core.
Ternpex?sture at the surface of the fuel elements should not exceed
90-92 degrees centigrade. Water ciz?culated ut 1.7 meters per second
warms from 34 to 3~ degrees centigrade. Three centrifugal pumps circulate
1,000 cubic meters of water per hour. Two more pumps are built in as
reserves.
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'i'Y~e reactor stands in the midd:l.c off' a hall containing 11,000 cubic
meters oi' air space. Above the reactor, there is a remote-controlled
10-ton crane. At right angles to the main hall there ir; a labortory winL
containing 23,000 cubic meters of air space. A one-meter concrete wall
separates the two. The central control panel is in the laboratory wing.
One engineer and one technician are constantly on duty at the control
. panel.
Signal lamps and danger alarms automatically signal an excess of the
permissible radiation level. Personnel also carry packet dosiometers .
Everyone leaving the area must pass by a Geiger counter at 'the gate. Even
a luminescent dial watch will set off the alarm.
The reactox? went critical as fuel element cluster 24 was being loaded.
The reactor was loaded until it was critical with the five manual control
rods in place but the safety and automatic control rods raised. At this
stage, the reactivity surplus rose to 6.9 percent. Since there was no
need for so great a reactivity surplus, the nurnber of fuel element clusters
was reduced to 31, giving a reactivity surplus of 4.8 percent.
From 13 to 1'( April 1959, the reactor was operated ccntinuously for
lUU hours. It was :C'ound that after 40 hours of operation, the reactivity
surplus had ds?opped to 1.8 percent.
~e reactor was officially opened on 30 April 1959 and has been
operated periodically since.
139? Czechoslovak Provincial Paper Reports Soviet Light Alloy for Reactor
Shielding
"Science and Technology" (unsigned article); Bratislava, Uj Szo,
24 Oc !; 59, p 8
CPYRC;H I following excerpts are from a popular science article:
"...We l~naw that the TU-114 has a wingspread of 54 meters and a
fuselage lcngt;h o.C ~~+', .,~~ lets, but it is also interesting that 80 tons
of fuel are needed to fill its fuel tanks and that its oil reserviors
alone can hold 3 tons of oil....
"Soviet mechanical engineers have already succeeded in finding the
necessary solution [to the problem of aircraft nuclear reactor size], and
they have found exceptionally ligk~t alloys which effectively protect against
harmful ra?a.iation. The airplane of the future will need only 2 kilograms
of nuclear "fuel" for a flight around the world...."
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Plaarr~~, Physics
11N0. P1aUmw 4lave Absoi~?tion
"Nonresononcc Absorption oy ~lec?tromagne?tic j?7aves in a MaC,~leto??
active Plasma, " by B. N. C,ersl>man, Ri~.diopl~ysical 711s?titute of
the Cor'lciy State University, P?loscow, Zhurnal I;lt~se_r_imentwl'r~ i
Teore?tiehesltoy I'iziki, Vol 37, No 3, Gep 59, pp,Zi95-?p'-I~
Absoi?~?tion (attenttation) of all three .types of hig11 frequency waves
is detexmlaled from the C{eneral equation outside ?L?he ury?ro-resonance regions .
Collision: , as well, as the absorption mechanism specific for a plasma, are
taken into account.
11N1 ? I;lec~cror_ Diffusion
"The I)if:['usior_ of 1?;lectrons :in a blagrletic field, " by A. V.
Lh,~,rinov; Moscow, Atomna~ra lJnergiya, Vol 7, No 3, Sep ~~, pp 220-
221~
T.lie erperimeiltal data, related to a-loma].ous high mobility of electrons
across a. ma.gne?tic field are discussed. I?t is shown that the distribution
of conr_oi.tration oi' secondary pla~sm.~, of the diaclznrge with a heated cathode
is prGc?L?ic;a?].1;- i.ldepe~ldent of the coefficient of crosstrtso electror_ diffu-
sior_ a:~nd, therefore, cannot be used in explaining the diffusion mccllanism.
An evaluation of the electron diffusior_ coefficient is made on the basis
of the v~~.;.izo of ?the delsity of the electron current to the anode . This eval-
uation coi:.fi':irms t11e presence of e11 anome~].ous high ?tratlsverse mobility.
112. Increase i_. I;lec?t:ro. Currer_t in Cra,fs Dise?large
"A S?t;e~.nairic 7sr._~ase in the I;lsetzY~n (''urren?i, to a Probe Held i11
a C;ti.s D:-_::c:aa-rge i. a Mwgnetic ~ ie1d, T' by A. V. Z'harinov; Aioscow,
Atolnnt?~~a Lzc~r ?i a, Vol 7, No 3, SeP 59, PP 215-?l9
Prc:l?1rL11ary results from studyirzb the effect of a magzle?tic field on
electznn diffusion in a p1as.,k~, are described. A stepwise ilcre se i_~. ?the
ratio of the eloctror_ currer_t on the prose ?i,o ?tlze ionic cu=rent at a cer-
tain crit.ca? v~~~.? uo of t'.ie maC;.ze?tic field strength was observed . ?ecord-
~o to Px'c'1 ~_nL:.iZb:Cy resiLlts, the cri?ticF1 ~7~,'7Cletic field varies proporl;io~lcllly
to ?the gas pressure . These facts seem to ir_dice,te the e:tistence of ?t-?ro
gLta].itative:i,}~ diffe=ent mecY~~,r_isms o:C crosszri.~e electron shift, o>>.e of
which is diffusion by means of collisions.
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1~E3. Kinetic Plasma ~quationa
"Rela?tivistic ICinc?L-ic Lquati~,ns fos a 1~lanirw.. .r..," by '~~u. ~:~.
iS1.ii,wntovich, Moscow State University, `Lhux7zal Ll~operimen~t:~1':i~r,,,r
i Teoreticheslcoy T'iziki, Vol 37, Pdo 3~ Sep >9~ Pp ~(35?-? ~~-~
The relation between the de:['inition:: of state ;probiLbility a,?~cl d:ir~?tri-
bution function presentted in the papers o:c' vas?iotip z.trbYio_N:~ is e.z?t.~ia7.iNlied
for the particular case of the lsir_etic equ .?tior_ for ~, cYa;:,r~e3 pt:i title i:~
an external elec?L-roma~metie field.
A random function is introduced which define~-?L-he numuer of particles
in an element of phase apace. The electromagnetic field strentrth or ntun-
ber of oscill.atora are also considei^ed o,?e x~~,r_dom func~ti.an:s . The eeuation
set for these ftulctions can be used as a t~r.:sis :fbr dedttct:ioa of the oqus.?-
tion chain relating the moments of the rasido~n i'utic?rions or file cor?cr~;~ond-
ing distributian functions of various ozt~.ers. A nc?t of i~lotivis?cic
self-consistent equations had beer_ derived ir,,r appro~cimzzL?ii~r, this eZu~ctioi:
chain. Relativistic e~cpressions for disperoion equations of tran;~?verse and
longitudinal platsma waves are presented.
11~E. Polarized Wave Ratation
"Rotation of Polaxization of Ele.s?tic tiTevcs in Ma,~z~~tic:~~~ po:Lar-
ized Nlagnetoclas-tic Media, : by IC. B. ~Ilo,aov quid D. Irl?~ . l;~'.1:,n~.rl~a.-
metov, Tnstitui:e of Physics of Me?ta.i o; I~torcuti?r, Ghur~ial _TyI,.:~?e ?~-.
mental'noy i Teoretichesleoy rizil?.r, Upt:~lta i Spc~.ktro-
skoniva,, Vol 7, No 3, SeP 59+ p:P 407-41? _. _
Theoretical computation is carried out o:~' bt~nic characteristics of
luminous conditions wtt~ifn 'a medium with Rayleigh scat+,n:~?ing and dependence
on the properties of the medium, the spe%i.f~. ~ abso~~:~tion and depolari zf:-
tion. Various methods of computatior_ are c~~mp,ared, an~i errors due to neg-
lect of polarization effects are found. The possi.bil~.t?,y of applica',ior
of the established rules to spectrascopic ob jec~l::Lvcs :L;~ di.scuc:sed.
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172. X-Ray Diffraction
"Diffraction of X-Rays in Polycrystalline Samples of lydrogen
Isotopes," by V.A. Kogan, G.G. Lazarev, and R.F. 1}ula~tov; Mos-
cow, Zhurnal );ltsperimental'noy i Tcoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 37,
No 3, ep ~ , PP l - __._
Comparison of the interference patterns obtained in X-rays scattering
on the polycrystalline samples of hycrogen isotopes indicates the existence
of isotopic polymorphism. The difference in the structux~c of hydrogen and
deuteriuun and ?the proximity of the structure of the latter to that of
tritium indicates that polymorphism is due, not to a difference in the en-
ergy spectra, but to a difference in the atomic weights of the hydrogen
isotopes. The cbserved differences in structure of the hydrogen isotopes
agree with the hydrogen-deuterium state diagram. Data presented in the
paper pertaining to the parameters characterizing the structure of hydro-
gen isotopes (tritium and deuterium have a tetragonal lattice with
c~a l.'(3 and a = 3.3 and 3.35 A, respectively; hydrogen has a tetra-
gonal lattice with c~a - O.E32 and a = 1~.5 A or hexagonal lattice with
c~a = 1.73 and a = 3.7 ~), although in agreement with density data and
with the results of roentgenographic investigations of isotopic mixtures,
require farther correction by methods which yield the complete interfer-
ence patterns.
Theoretical Physics
173? Thermoelectric Tensor
"Thermoelectric Coefficients of Metals in Strong Magnetic Fields
and the l;ffect of Drag of Electrons by phonons," by L.Ye. Gurevich
and G.M.Nedlin, Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, ticademy of
Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Tcoreticheskoy
Fiziki, Vol 37, No 3, Sep 59, pp 7 5-775
`.Che behavior of the thermoelectric tensor in strong magnetic fields
when the electron Larmor frequency is greater than the collision frequency
is considered by the methods proposed by Lifshitz, Az~^l, and Kaganov
(ZheTF 32, 113 (1957); 31, 63 (195ti); 35, 1251 (1950 ). Drag of electrons
by phonons is ?taken into account, and it is shown that this effect signif-
icantly changes'~the asytr~tic values of the tensor (for large field val-
ues), as well as its dependence on the direction of the magnetic field
relative to the crystal axes (in the case of a complex topology of the
Fermi surface).
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1'(1~. Quantum Theory of Space Dispersion
"Quantum Theory o1' Space Dispersion of the Electric and Magnetic
Susceptibilities," by O.V.Konstantinov and V.T.Perel, Leningrad
Physico-Technical Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow,
Zhurnal Eks~erimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 37, No
3, SeP 59, PP 7~~2
A general expression has been obtained for the electric and magnetic
susceptibilities with account of space dispersion. Tt is shown that
electromagnetic phenomena in a homogeneous medium can be described by a
conductivity dependent on frequency and wave vector and by a magnetic
susceptibility which depends only on the wave vector. An universal re-
lation has been derived between the conductivity and magnetic suscepti-
bility.
175? Magnetic Resonance
"The Effect of a Coherent Magnetic Dipole Radiation on Magnetic
Resonance," by G.V.Skrotskiy and A.A. Kokin, Ural Polytechnic
Institute; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy
Fiziki, Vol 37, No 3, Sep 5~j,`p- p Sb - 0
Corrections to the relaxation time due to the effect of the radiation
field are coiuputed. The effect of the resonator on the nature of the ob-
served phenomenon is taken into -account.
176. Potential of'a Quantum Field
"On the Determination of the Potential in Quantum Field Theory,"
by M.A. Braun, Leningrad State University; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks-
perimental'noy i Teoretichesloy Fiziki, Vol 37, No 3, Sep 59,
PP -
TYie problem of determination of potential in quantum field theory is
investigated in connection with the restrictions imposed on the transition
amplitude by the conditions of ortho-normality and completeness for systems
of interacting and noninteracting particle states. A nonlinear integral
equation for the transition amplitude is used to set up the potential. Tt
is demonstrated that the proposed potential correctly describes scattering
of particles in the energy region in which creation of new particles does
not occur and also correctly describes the bound states of the particles.
Problems connected t~rith nonuniqueness of the potential are discussed.
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1'7'(. Representation of Green's I'unctiona by Spectl?+~1 Functions
"Asymptotic Behavior of r~ Photon Propa?ator in G~uantLUU Electro-
dynamic:s," by B.A.Arbuzov; Moscow, Dukl.;~d.y ~'1ct:c7.i:r~iii Naulc SSSR,
Vol 128, No 6, Oct 59, p1~ 111.9-1152
The asymptotic behavior of a photon propa~,~~tor is determined by soly-
in~ ~,pproxima?te equations of Schwin~;er-Narnbu (Phys Rev, 100, 394 (1955))
The spectral representations of Green's functions not fully demonstrated
by Narnbu are ran~lyzed.
Miscellaneous
178. S~aration o:f Aiz~ Alon;; a Ten-perature Gradient at the Cold End of
Vortex Tube
"Temperature S~:j~~~r~.t~;ioA~ ~:~f f,i.~? .~t ti,~~ Cc?l:i ;rr~'1 of u Vortc?, '.Tube ~'
~~J P:.'a.1' ~~ ? S . l~i.ai?t~m.o~~~.~;.i;;?; lloctor of Technical Sciences,, and ~
Prof B. B. Paruleykar, Odessa Technological Institute of the Food
and Refrigeration Industry; Moscow, Kholodil'naYa Tekhnilsa, Vol 36,
CPYR~I~'~ J'ul Au`; 59, p 63
"The authors analyzed results obtained in the investigation of dif-
ferent designs of vortex tubes and of the influence which individual con-
struction parts exert on the Rank effect. The phenomenon of the separation
of cold air malces it possible, as has been found in experiments, to lower
~l;he ternpez?a.ture of the air by 10-15o as compared with vortex tubes of or-
dinary design. Designs were described which nralse it possible to accomplish
in a simple manner the separation of cold air. The degree of approach to
the adiabatic d._rop at different pres~ures was established on Lhc oasis of
experiments carried out with the designs mentioned. In some cases, it is
possible to use the Tcar>,k effect for air conditioning. There is also the
por-,sibility, from the practical standpoint, of operating; the vortex tube
in such a manner that the effect is reversed."
[SIR Note: This is an abstract of a paper prevented at the All-Union
Scientific--Technical Conference on Refrigeration Engineerin;~, Leningrad,
6-9 April 1959?;
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179.
Negative H-ions
"Formation of Negative Hydrogen Tons on an Tncadescen~t Tungsten
Surface," by V.I.Kkivostenlto and V.M.Dukel'slciy, Leningrad Physico-
Technical Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 37, No 3, Sep 59,
p~~53
? Formation of H-ions on an incandescent tungsten surface has been ob-
served. A value of 0.8 + 0.1 ev has been obtained for the electron affinity
of the hydrogen atom, from the temperature dependence of the ratio of the
negative ion current to the electron current in the 2600-2900? K range.
180. Resolution of Two Light Sources
The Possibility of Resolving Two Light Sources Strongly DifferinU
in Intensity," by A.N.Ryazanov; Moscow, Optika i Spektroskopiya,
Vol (, No 3, Sep 59, Pp 417-421
It was found that for the resolution of two sources of light inter-
fering in a diffraction pattern, it is necessary to lower the background
around the zero maximum. It may be achieved by broadening the central
maximum.
181. Optico-Acoustic Radiation Receiver
"The Sensitivity Threshold of an Optico-Acoustic Radiation Re-
ceiver," by A. 0. Sall; Moscow, Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol 7,
No 3, Sep 59, FP 432-436
Formulas derived for numerical determination of the threshold of sen-
sitivity of a selective optico-acoustic radiation receiver with a light re-
ceiving chamber of complex design is described. Examples of computation
of the depth of the chamber are given.
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182. HunUnrians Are Hosts to Foreign Mathematicians and Geochemists
"Scientific Conferences in Budapest" (unsigned article); Buda-
pest_Nepszabadsag, 7 Oct y9~ p 9
The Janos Bolyai Mathematics Society has organized a ~-day conference
which is being held in the House of Technology. At the conference Hungar-
ian, Bulgarian, Polish, German, and British scientists will exchange views
on problems of series theory. On the first day of the conference, 6 Octo-
ber 1959, Papers were read by Academician Alfred Renyi, Pal Erdos, and
Peter Szusz (all Hungarian), and by V. D. Obreshkov of Bulgaria, by M. Za-
mansky of France, and W. Maier of the German Democratic Republic.
A 5-day international geochemistry conference began the same day at
the academy; it was organized by the geochemistry main committee of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Soviet, British, Czechoslovak, Finnish,
French, German, and Swiss guests are ;participating, including P. Eskola,
Finland; H. Schneiderhohn, Freiburg; V. S. Sobolyev, Soviet Academician;
A. A. Saukov, Corresponding Member of the Soviet Academy; V. Y. Lebedyev
and V. Shcherbina, Soviet Doctors of Mineralogical Sciences; and M. A.
Grimber+~, director of the Central Nuclear Research Institute of the French
Atomic Energy Committee.
Hungarian Academician Elemer Szadeczky-Kardoss gave the introductory
address. Papers were then read by P. Eskola, H. Schneiderhohn,'A.-"T. V.
Rothstein (London), E. Kartsch (Berlin), and Balint Ballay, Aladar Vidacs,
Gabor Panto, Mrs F. Vilma Szeki (all four Hungarian), F. Fiala (Prague),
and Ohmas Kaemmer (Be.rlin). '
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