SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100310001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 107
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 4, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 22, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

x N~QRMR:T I ~0~
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PB 131891 T-22
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCYEI~TTI]E'IC
I~1'F'OF2MA'TION 1~E~'OF~!T
22 May 1959
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL. SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D,C.
Issued semi-monthly. Annual subscription $28.00 (34 additioi~ctl.fArf., _/;., ;,,,., ,.' r ~ ~~~,~/, Cj.,xu
foreign mailing). Single copy 32.75. -9~.uru~~tl~jj -Ni'(cr L4.~a
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Use of funds for printing this publication approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1958,
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PLEASE NOTE
':+`~.:t,~ report presents unevaluated information extracted frcan
~.~~:~c.~:~t~:t?,"l.y received publications of the USSR, Eastern Europe, and
Gt:~J.~ :~:L~ 7,'he information selected is intended to indicate current
c:y~.~n,t,i:1'ic developments and activities in the USSR, in the Sino-
Savlct C1t~bi?t, countries, and. in Yugoslavia, and is dissem:Lnated
r~.a ~:,.Y~, r-~.id, to i;kie United States Government research.
SCIENTIFIC INFOiRMATION REP~tT
Tab1.e ~:~r' ;::;~~it~ents
Page
r ~ i-t:Iu:l,ogy 1
i:T. (.:~~emistry ,4
L'1e~~trochemistry ~+
F'u~~ls and Propellants 5
Lrc3.udtrial Chemistry 8
Nizrlea,r Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials 18
1"~i ,. E,l,ee tropics
.Ac,~7u.st;ics
C~-Ln~~ntnications
"amponents
G:~rni,uters and Automation
.La,,~.~t~: uments and EquiFanent
'v~3,t:e:~ials
~~~ s~,~~
X77... ~1~.~r.3.t.c:3.ne
Alztibiotics
:~pidrmiology
7anm~cademy of Sciences Uzbek SSR,
in opening the session, pointed out that as a result of the execution of
the plan high-lighted by the control figures pertaining to the develop-
ment; of the nations.l ec~~,., ~.,:y of the USSR during 1958-1965, Uzbekistan will.
become an important cent: of the manufactux'e of chemical products obtained
by the many-sidek conve:~ Sion of indigenous chemical raw materials .
"A report entitled ' Tk~velopmezit of Chemical Science and Industry in
the Uzbelt SSR' was presented. by M. M. Nabiyev. Nabiyev emphasized that
the capital invested. in the chemical industry will increase during 1919-
1965 by a factor of 10, as compare? with the preceding 7-year period. On
the basis of the conv~;rsic~r.. of natural gas from Bukhax?a and of agricul-
tural wastes, as well a,s ci' u~.stes of the The
solution of the problems involved requires from chemists an expansion of
theoretical reseax?ch by every possible means and reinforcement of coopera-
tion between rhemioal s~;ience and production.
"Kho Yu, Usmanov repox?tsd on method.:s of treating cotton cellulose
with acrylonitrile. As a. result of this treatment, fabrics will be ob-
tained which have the properties of wool and a1s.o of Capron, nylon, a,rd
other synthetic fibers, Fibers o:E this type do not rot, can be dyed
with facility, and are stable at high temperatures.
CPYRGHT
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"It ha,s been established by V. :L. Ivanov and V. L. Zalcharov that the
strength of cellulose materials is closely related to the molecular weight
dispersion oP the cellulose in fibers. 't'hese investigators subjected to
cons~iderat:ion the sign:Lfica~n~e of homogeneity with respect to molecular
weight for the strength of cellulose products. Removal of low-molecular
products rnaltes it possible ?l.o produce cellulose which has a high degree
of homogeneity and exhibits a definite amount of orientation.
"I;. S. Sadylcov poJ.nted out that it is advisable 'to change-over the
hydrolysis plants in Uzbeltl.stan to the conversion of uprooted cotton stalks
("guza-pat").
"V. S. IClemer_tov notcr_ that a continuous method for. the polymeriza-
tion of acrylonitrile in a~,ueous soiutians with the application of redox
systems for initiating ?the polymerization makes it possible to control the
process more efficiently and to produce a polymer witai the desired prop-
erties. Polyacr,Vlonitrilc fibers have a number of valuable characteristics
as textile fibers.
"17. T. Tsve~tltov d.eseribed new methods for the synthesis of derivatives
of phosphinous acids. ~?n the basis of this work it became possible to
produce phosphorus-containing polymers with carbon chains.
"T. ICotry'lev reported that at arh experimen?ta1 installation apoly-
carbonate [polyester of car'ooric acid with a molecular weight of about
60,000 was obtained which exhibits superior mechanical properties, in-
cluding atensile strength of almost 600 lsgs per cmS and a transverse
strength below 1,000 legs per cm2 [sick. It has satisfactory heat resist-
ance up to a temperature of 1650. This material is suitable 'for the
manufacture of gear. s, hearings, and other ports of machines and instru-
ments . F-- --0-CH2-Cii2--N ~ .HC1
C2$5
On the basis of their pharmacological action the preparations under
investigation may be grouped in the following order (accord.ing to their
diminishing activity): surface anesthetic -- Ye-22, Ye-96, spasmolytin,
novocain, and Ye=jB; regional anesthetic -- Ye-22, spasmolytin, Ye-96,
novocain, Ye-78; infiltration anesthetic -- Ye-g6, Ft-22, spasmolytin,
novocain, Ye=jB; N-cholinolytic action -- spasmolytin, Ye-g6, Ye-22,
novocain, Ye-78; M-cholinilytic action -- Ye-22, apasmolyt in, Ye-96,
novocain, ,Ye-78; antihistamine action -- Ye-22, spasmolytin, Ye-78,
novocain, Ye-g6; myotropic spasmolyt is act ion -- Ye-22, spasmolyt in,
Xe-g6, novocain, Ye-78; toxicity -- Ye-22, Ye-96, novocain, spasmolytin,
Ye-78.
"It is thought that the anesthesizing action of the preparations has
no connection with their N-cholinolytic e.nd antihistamine activities.
Ye-g6 is a more active anesthetic than novocain. It is superior to
novocain in the spectrum of its therapeutic action and causes no irrita-
tion when locally applied. It withstands sterilization 'I~y boiling. It
is recommenced for clinical use as a local anesthetic. ~1'he shortcoming
oP the preparation is its vasodilating effect."
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Physiology
81. The Biochemistry of Adaptation
Biochemical Principles of Adapta~ticn," by Prof M. Merszhin-
skiy, Minsk; Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 20 Mar 59, P 3,
"There is no doubt that the biochemical principles of adaptation are
of great theoretical and practical interest. Some aspects of this sub-
ject were discussed in the section on 'Biochemistry' of the eighth
Mendeleyev congress.
"Ability of the human or~z.anism to adapt itself to various environ-
mental factors and to some physiological and pathological conditions is
an important function. The human organism is provided with many biolog-Lca
systems within which arise a number of specific biochemical processes
which are adequate both in intensity and in direction. Investigation of
the biochemistry of nervous activity, muscular contraction anll exercise,
acclimatization, injuries, and regeneration and the study of ~che role
that hormones, vitamins, various food products, etc. play offer the pos-
sibility of visualizing the biochemical machinery of adaptation.
"Resistance of the living organism to such an adverse factor as
cold decreases when the food consumed does not contain sufficient calories.
However, this resistance of the living organism is determined not only
by the number of calories in the food consuumed, but also by the quality
of its composition: its content of proteins, thiamin, vitamin A,
pyridoxine, riboflavin, and pan~tothenic and ascorbic acids. Proper
amount of pantothenic acid in the organism of swimmers enables them to
stay in cold water for a long period of time and increases their ability
to endure the ordeal of a long-distance swim. Pantothenic acid stimu-
lates the suprarenal glands, the formation and secretion of corticosterones
which influence energy metabolism, the decomposition and in;racellula.r
utili~ " ~n of carbohydrates, and 'the formation of macroergic rhosphorus
compou. All this effects the functional competence of the organism
favorably.
"Results of experjments on rats revealed that the biosynthesis of
ascorbic acid becomes more intense during cold weather. Some animals
became adjusted to low temperature; others appeared to be less adapt-
able: swelling, edema, and reddening c~P paws, ears, axd tail was ob-
served in tY.ose animals; their weight decl:tned and some of. them did not
survive. It was noted that within 3 months after being exposed to tempera-
ture of 2?C to - 2?C, the concentration of vitamin C in the liver,
kidneys, suprarenal glands, small intestines, and skin was twice as great
in animals that became adjusted to cold as in those animals which did not
CPYRGHT
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bv;:o;ce s.d,~usted. '.Phe animals that were exposed to cold requix?ed high
~:~.loric food, particularly food that had high .fat content, Resistance
'to cold developed simultaneously with relative increase of protein sub-
stances in the tissues.
"In guinea pigs which, like humans, do not synthesize vitamin C,
we observed that adaptation to cold developed after they received an
additional supply of vita-nin C~ when the ascorbic acid content in food
rations was 10-15 times greater than it was in ?the usual portion (100-
150 mg per 2~+ hours). Symptoms of maladjustment, increased susceptibility
to disease, and an increase in mortality rate was noted in animals that
did not receive any additional ration of vitamin C.
"Adaptation to cold also depends on increased intensity of oxidizing-
deoxidizing processes and on the intensity of tissue respiration. This
is explained by the fact that an organism exposed to cold requires not
only food that is high in vitamin C content and high in caloric value,
but it also must be supplied faith vitamins that increase ?tissue respira-?
t ion, intensify metabolism, and guarantee biosynthesis of protein which
is necessary for the preservation of the morphological structure of the
tissues and organs.
"The process of adaptation is closely dependent on mobilization of
'the compensatory mechanisms. It manifests itsei.f in a specially vivid
manner when the organism is under great stress or is suffering .from
some morbid condition. During tkie first hours and days after an injury,
metabolism is characterized by an increase in the processes of synthesis
and decomposition. An active metabolic reactionz of the organism to an
injury consists of intensification of decomposition of protein substances,
carbohydrates, and fats. Subsequently, predominance of synthesis processes
is observed and replacement of lost tissues and regeneration ultimately
takes place. Sluggish metabolic reaction retards the development of re-
genex?ation, prolongs the course of the disease, and causes various com-
pi.ications. 7ntersification of metabolism in the organism and successful
regeneration of tissues serves as evidence that mobilization of compen~
satory mechanisms has taken plar..e and the organism is making proper ad-
~justmer_t .
"The question of energy supply for the process of biosynthesis, the
end result of which is healing of the injury and recovery of the organism,
is interesting. Not only carbohydrates,, but fats are also utilized for
this purpose. Research of Zdenek, Gruz, IQiit ila, and others, conducted
in the laboratory of physiology and pathology of metabolism of the Academy
of Sciences of Czechoslovakia, showed that survival of white rats that
had suffered an injury depended on the intensity of lipolysis. Animals
possessing powerful lipolytic enzymes became ~~.djusted to an injury and
survived. Others in which the lipolytic activity of blood and tissues
was weak died.
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"Ltilization of ketone substances as energy sources that contribute
to regeneration of tissues increases considerably in surgical patients.
From tb.is viewpoint, symptoms of ketosis following an operation must be
looked on as an adjustment of the arganiem to increasel expenditure of
energy. Utilization of ketone substances in surgical practice, as a
supplementary high caloric material, is based on this.
"A study of the mechanism of adjustment of animals to a severe
injury revealed that lipolytic enzymes possess a protective function.
'.Phis found a practical reflection in the effective utilization of fate
to speed up regeneration and to increase the endurance of animals that
had survived a serious injury. The jmportance of vitamins, which are
necessary for enzyme systems and. which provide for the oxidation of
both ketone substances and the fatty acids ~.,~ the tissues, was demon-
strated at the same time. Results of experimental research were used as
the basis for therapeutic diet of surgical patients.
"investigation of the role that the liver plays in the process of
fat metabolism disclosed that the function of the cardiovascular system
depends on formation of the necessary amount of heparin in the liver.
Neutral fat and other lipids circulate in the bJ.ood serum in the form
of very small emulsions. The diameter of such fat droplets is less than
half a micron. They are called chylomicrons. Turbidity of the serum is
observed when the concentration of fat droplets in the blood is high.
This occurs after a meal with high fat content. A glass of cream causes
hyperlipemia and turbidity of the serum which Lasts far a period of 7-8
hours.
"A high concentration of lipids in the blood may be the reason for
a spasm of the coronary vessels. And, vice versa, a decrease in
concentration of chylomicrons reflects favorab:Ly on the function of the
cardiovascular system and on the conditior_ of coronary vessels. A
?clearing' of tY,p serum is due to several factors. Eeparin is one of
them. A ?clearing? occurs more rapidly when heparin formation in the
liver is sufficient. `~ :Fluctua~?~
tions in the :ieparin level wer+e.in reverse ratio to the serotonin level; .
.for as the serotonin level rose to its maximum, ;the heparin level fell .
to its minimum, rand vice versao Changes in vascular permeability were
81.so in rever:,e ratio to the blood serotonin level .
The author concludes thato
"The c quantity of serotonin in the blood of irradiated animals,
(dogs, monkeys, rat;i, and guinea pigs) undergoes phasic changes, prog-
;;sively decreasing down to its complete disappearance.
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"During the preterminal. period of the disease, sometimes despite
appa.ren?t thrombopenia, one can notice a significant rise in the serotu.~tn
level which may attain its original, level, or even exceed it~~
"During the terminal period in a number of animals dogs, and
monkeys), the acetone extract of the blood produces a paradoxical
reaction, i.e., instead of muscle contraction it causes muscle dila-
tation.
"Flzrther, thorough research is necessary in regard to ;the role of
serotonin in tha pathogenesis and therapy of radiation sickness."
CPYRGHT
8g, Metabol,ic Disturbances of Iaabile Phosphorus Compounds in Muscle
Z3.ssue Due to Racliation Tn.~uries
"The Metabolism of I~abil.e Phosphorus Compounds in Muscle Tis-
sue Due to Radiation Injuries," by V~ G. Remberger; Minsk,
Doklady Akademii Nauk BSSR, Vol 2, No 9, 1958, pp 389-391
The aim of the present research. was to study the amount of adenosine
triphosphate ATP), and creatine phosphate found in muscle tissue; and also
to study the rata of P32 inc].usion~
Tests were conducted on 1.25 rats which were :~ubjected to a single
general X-ray irradiation , 600m700 :r, I~-~?0~, ova, a period of 1.20 days.
The author presents expe:~-:?~.mental, data in the form of a table. CPYRGHT
Results indica e '- '
irradiation 1600-700 r) causes distur..bances in the metabolism of labile
phosphorus compound. found in rat muscle tissue, which is expressed by
both the amount of adenosine tri.prosphate, and creatine phosphate found,
and by the rate of th.e inclusion of P3~ into these compounds at various
periods durf.ng the .,ickneas~"
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9U,. Liver Ilz*zct:l.en Stu~3 o:t' th.e Contpn_t;~Abso?r~tion2 and Deposition of
Vitrimin ~Bl~ Burin ltndiattc~n Sickne. s ^~
"A Study of t?he Content, Abso.r.?ption, anti Leposition of Vitamin
Bl2 by the Liver Luring 1?adiai:?i.on Sickness, " by G. L' . Berdyshev,
Chair of .Biology ;head, Prof V'. V. Rever?~~Datto, Honorable Worker
of Science) and Pathophyr7iol.o~v ~{head, Prof D. I. Goldberg)
Tomsk Medical, Institute; M~: scow, Problecgy Gematologii i Pereli-
vaniya Itrovi, Vol. 4, No 3, Mar 59, pp 10~-13 --
The aim of this research was to clarify controversial findings con-
cerning vitamin B12 deficiency ,~.uring radiation sickness, and to elabo-
rate on the poorly studied subject of the absorption and deposition of
vitamin B12 by the liver dux~.ng r?adiation sickness?
Tests were cond?eted on mice, guinea pigs, and dogs irradiated by
an X-ray appar. atu~: (~?50, 350 5~y a:~. 7.`~ r) grid by a betatron ~l, 200-25, 000 r) ,
and the vitamin B12 concentration in the liver and blood serum was
clet?rmined by microbio.l,ogical. methods using E~coli. Tables and diagrams
accompany the article and present the vitamin Bl,p content found in the
:Liver, the effect of genera]. X,-ray ix~diat9oraa on the abs~:ptian and de~positicn of
vitamin B12 in the liver; and tb,e changes in th.e concentration of vitamin
B~2 in the blood serum of irradiated and unirrad.i.ated dogs after the
ministration of vi~t;amin B12 into th..e duodQnum,.
ThA author con.cl,udE.~s tb~~.t~? ' i.n a~~he ex?pe.nime.nt
ethal and sublethal closes, no no ?i.ceab'.e changes were noted in the
vitamin Bl2 Content foun3 in th.e live~? and blood serum el.ther in the
immediatz or subsequent periods after irradiation. The permeability of
intestinal. walls of dogs injured by irradiation seemed increased with
regard to the vitamin B12 doses that were studied Liver function with
regard to vitamin B~2 ciaposit,ion did not undergo es=antial. changes in
irradiated animals.,
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
91.~ Thera eutic Effect of Po1.~rinyipy:rrolidone in Acute Radiation Sickness
"A S+,u~Y of the Ef:Fect of th..F `i'ran7fusion of Polyvinylpyrx?oli-
donA on th.e Course o:f' Acute Radiation Siclsness.v " by G., V.
Sukyasyan, '!V. S~ D2:b.avadyan. M? N? No~vikova, B~ .F~ Belyayeva,
N. A~ Pr~obato?va, and M,? ir. Sh.iti.kova, Cent?!^al, Order of T~enin
Institute o.f HFinatolo~ and Iti.ood. T_an;,.f`usion dii~ctor, Prof
A. A. Ba.gciasarov, Actlf.ve Member of tY~.? Acade~yof.Me.dzral Sc:innoes
USSR),, Ministry of Health li~S~R.; Moscow, PxoblFm~_C~_matoiogii i
Perelivarii;ya Kr~ovi, Si'ol. ~?, No 3, Ma?~ 5~, pp ~-55
Since one of thF moat effecti~~+'e metrnd:~? of treating acute radiation
sickness is th.e transfu^ion of ':i.oo~. and of blood surs~itutes, the effect
of the tz?ansfusion of Pi;I~ ~ pc?l.y~rinylpyrr.:alidone) w~.s t~~osted on t,hP tour. se
of acute radiation sickns~_s on doggy and micF~
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Three to five transfu.s3,ons of PUP, in amounts ranging between 6 and 8
ml per ltilograzn of body weight, were administered during the first few
days after the irradiation of the dogs by 6U0 r, and a favorable effect
was noted.. The therapeutic and disintoxicating effect of PVP was also
confirmed on mice. Tables and diagrams accompany the article.
The author. presents the following conclusions:
"The ?transi'usion of polyvin~clpyrrolidone during the first days after
the genera_t irradiation of animals by lethal doses of X-rays allev-!ated
the course of the sickness and prolonged the life span of the animals.
"The ?therapeutic effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone is caL+sed by its
high disintoxicating property Polyvinylpyrrolidone sharply accelerates
the elimination of toxic substances from the organism through the kidneys.
"The transfusion of polyvirtylpyrmlidone significantly reduces the
development of the hemorrhagic syndrome, but it does not prevent the
development of radiation anemia?"
Serology
CPYRGHT
92. PecL~.jt~rities Noted in Study of Hemorrhagic Nephroso-Nephritis
"From a Practical Study of Hemorrhagic Nephroso-Nephritis,"
by S? I. Bibergal; Moscow,, Laboratornoye Del.o_, Vol 5, No 2,
A1ar~Apr 59, pP 56-57
The following phenomena which were observed during examination of
urine from h.emorr~hagic .nephro~,so~~~nephritis patients are reported in thin
article:
a. '.I;he formal,in test with urine was positive from the first day
of the disease following the appearance and an increase in the concen-
tration of albumin in the urine; thiv~ reaction was negutive when per-
foxzned with blood serums Depending on the concentration of albumin in
the urine, the formalin test pm~:eeded at different rates and differed
as to color and trans.pax~ency o:Y' t:hP coagulant.
b. Blood serum of hemorrhagic neph.roso-nepYaritis patients coagulated
their o~,an urine. Furthermore, this serum coagulated not only serum from
the patients themselves, but also serum from persons with other diseases
and from healthy persons,.
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The authc~x' ccnc,:yi~,cie:,s ~t~?ba.t 1'u~~'tl:ccz~ sr.,vly of thy: ccv.~;u.latint, properties
ot` ui?i.ne and bl~~c~a :;e:r?uu .~'t~crir lzr:?nro~^:ri~?r,gic~. rc:i,b.,?~,~o-.nEp1,,:1ti:~ patients
mu_t e~t,ab:c.ir~l?. ~l~,i~ Z,cz'l,l?.~:?g~~ni~:: .igrl:IJ'a.crance. c?f tlzi;s coa,,rtaia,t:t.on and the
~;pec:L#i.ci'ty of ~th~: 1~1i;.:n.oiuolla obs~x'vt:a.,. ~rl?,.r: c~xt~n't~ 't?,c: ~~lzich, and the
manner in ~?rhi.clz, 'l;r.E px~o-t~~.in,:; Uxr~l F,ro'L?e:i.n frac.t:tong o.t 't??h~ blood and
urine a:Ffc:ct t?~c cor~.gtila,ti,on ph.~~noul~~na must a1.sa ro deterzninod.
5~~s Medicine
93. O~nion:~ on 17?ulrlan uc~smic T?l:ttf zt C~ffe::td by Medical, r;.xpez'fi?r~
"For' A~t:r~onaut:3 0:~" i;h,~ Z'U.tu?~~:~,," M:rdifi,r~:inslr,~ fia~b%'tn.Llr.,
~0 ;~ an 5~, No 6 E 1.751x? ? ;, ~ It _...._ ~_~..~ _~...~.~.
"'I'1-.e entice 'wr_r:l.d 'caa,s :fi?.l,,d T,ri.t:: delight at the n~~w:~, o.f' a riew
t.chievement of Soviet sci~:ncc: and +ecr~n ,:1.0~; the: 1.aunc.hing of a
r_osmic. rockAt which bec:~rn?~ a. pe.:rma.Ixc:nt ar'tifi.ci,aJ_ ~.ate??i.tP of the Sun.
'This even?~, whic?:?. si.gn:i.:f~.c.~~ ~t;r:c~ li^g.Lrning of i:he eY'ra of co,~rni.c flights,
'is now in~.piri.ng r~J_::. ~,ovi.=:t r~apl.e.
?i;.'11i~ ~di ~',vt'~ l"if NJ.~ ~.:L'tt.l. rt =~iC:1;}%' .~.~.ab0~:?n1)C a.~~.ti ?~. ~i~ J'C'7.'ci7.. Inc::?a.' Cwl.
scie.ntiGt~~ tea gave tr.c~i.:c~ opi.ric-,rl~ o~~rLcF.zn~ing ?c}?.c pow 4i?,il,it:i.es and
pr.?ospect~s of s~~n~'ing ~ m~:.r.. i.n?t;:z ~~?ut~:z? ;:.pace. ~I:lz~ ~:,ti;a,t:rrnen+s of these
ItlF.'.diC8.1, 5C1~:nt".;~;1.;>' Vii,":':. ~'i.~'~,.YA ~;F..1?r,~r.r, it
?ractor,~ cif .P1-:,Tsi.c1. into outer ~pacL: t~ clui:_~ . Up=:zi.cLt ,::t~v:~;j. rr ~,:.r
it . t_ga?...or of heat
excY~ango i.r_ humans=~ und~~~:' c.c,~rr~-tc: cor?d~.ti.olza i;:, a:>..:.=o c-:ri:r.r.^me.7.y i.Inporta:It..
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"Work on supplying the human o~?ganism with oxygen and eliminating
carbon dioxide is sufficiently advanced and will present no serious
difficulties.
"Data obtained from. the second artificial earth sate]lite threw
light, for the first time, on the condition of the dog Layka and
clarified some important physiological. questions previously not :clear
to scientists.
"We are probably standing on the threshold of the creation of a
nejr science -- cosmophysiology -- the task of which will. be to investi-
gate the effect of cosmic environment on a living organism."
"The Cosmos and Microorganisms," by Oo P. Peterson, Deputy
Director, Ins';titute of Virology imeni D. I. Iyanovskiy,
Academy of Medical Sciences USSR
"If pY~,ysiological functions of the human organism undergo specific
changes while in flight through outer space, then the following question
is in order: what changes take place in vital activities of the
virus-saprophytes which are usually found in a living human organism,
but which produce no harmful effect?
"It is known that saprophytes may intensify their pathogenic
properties and cause severe sleknesses, a$ in case of herpes, when
unfavorable conditions e~cist.' It can be assumed, however, that tie com-
pensatory mechanisms of the natural body defenses wi11 help to regulate
disturbances and thereby prevent the development auto-infection. In
other words, astronauts flying in outer spats are in no danger of being
exposed to increased pathogenic activity of the saprophytic flora which
normally. inha~bd.t the ,human organism.
"It is of great interest for virologists to see h.ow conditions in
outer space affegt the vita]. activity of var~iou.s viruses, bearing in
mind their capacity to multiply and live on~ty in. the healthy living
cells of various human? and anima], tissues In connection with this,
new opportunities are unfs~lding for scientists to investigate the patho-
genic action of viruses orgy humans and animals flying through outer space
It is possible that a need mar arise to develop view methods of ide;utifying
viruses and to develop special pr,~ventive epidemic contt?ol measures, etco"
"Effect of Ionising Radiation, " by Prof Ao iT. Koal.ava, Chief
of Davison o~ Radiology, Institute of Roentgenology and
Radiology, Ministry of Health RSFSR
"Cosmic radiation becomes more intense a.s one goes higher into
cosmic space. The level of energy of such radiations and peculiarities
of their biologic action are not yet known The biological action of
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such types of radiation as gamma, beta, and Roentgen rays is, of course,
well known. It is also lmown that in sma11 doses they are harmless; in
large doses, they can cause serious consequences.
"Before a man can be sent up into outer space, we must have exact
information concerning the effects of cosmic radiation on a living organ-
ism. Such information is necessary to provide protection for cosmic
vehicles.
"The ,job of medical people is to make recommendations to the
designers about the protective measures needed to guarantee the safety
of humans during their travel through outer space."
"Biology of Cosmic Flights," by Prof V. S. Gostev, Deputy
Director, Institute of Experimental Biology, .Academy of
Medical Sciences USSR
"Future space travels present a number of new problems for biology.
One of the problems requiring solution is whether living creatures born
on earth can live in an environment found in interplanetary space.
Experiment with the dry Layk.a indicated that they can. This much is
known, a highly developed animal organism is capable of surviving the
conditions existing beyond earth's atmosphere and beyond earth's gravi-
tational attraction for several days.
"but there is no doubt that biological. phenomenon become modified
undez?' interplanetary space conditions. Micaroorganisms, vegetation, Lower
animals, warm-blooded animals, and humans wi:L:L all behave differently
in outer space.
"The beY~.avior of a human organism in outer space ought ~to be looked
upon as a general biological problem. Only through general 'biology and
its future new b:.~~anch, cosmobiology, will i?t be possible to determine
properly and profoundly the laws and the peculiarity of the functioning
C,f the human organism in interstellar flight:
"Protection by Means of Drugs," by Prof G. A. Ponomarev, Deputy
Director, Scientific Section, Institute of.?Pharmacology and
Chemotherapyz Academy o?f Medical. Sciences USSR
"PharmacoloE~3 sts a.re confronted with the problem of studying the
most vulnerable physiological functions of the organism in orcl.er to dis-
cover preparations which would serve to protect the space travelers.
Such p?~eparations should include substances which have a 1en3.tive action
that tone up the blood circulation system or effect internal and external
respiration.
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"In the USSR preparations have been synthesized and are being tested.
These preparations prevent the various unpleasant sensations which may
arise as the reBiLlt of higher nervous activity. Some lenitive preparations
are also being tested.
"Medical preparations that accelerate or retard metabolic processes
will play an important role in nonnali~:tng the phyEiological functions of
space travelers."
CPYRGHT
Veterinary Medicine
g4. Bacterial Dissociation in Cultures of Brueella Abortus Buck 19 V6.ccinF
''The Importance of Bacterial Dissociation for the Value of Liv-
ing Brucella abortus Buck-19 Vaccine," by H. Jendrus~h, Research
Institute for Vaccines, De~~~sau; Leipzig, Archiv fuer rx~peri-
mente)_le Veterinaermedizin, Vol l3, No 1, Jan Feb 59, pp 121-131
Since no simple method is known for maintaining the S-phase of
Brucella during cultivation, the original culture for these exper3.ments
had to be obtained through repeated selection and reinoculation of S-
colonies. Adextrose-glycerin medium ~a~as ;asea for typing the cultures.
In a majcrity of cases, the tested d.Yy vacci_ie cultures, dissolved in
distdlled water, physiological, salt solution., ur tryptone solution,
showed after reinaculation into a dextxbse-glycerin-agar medium, 1000
pure S~-types, with. and without the addition of serum, and only 3-5~
fluctuating intermediate forms.
Through a systematic selection a?: ct~ltures which had been derived
from individual bacteria, a subculture of :b'u,cls-l~ was found which even
in cattle-glycerin-bouillon passages, guaranteed a relatively high
stability of the S??fozm. Reinocu].ations of passed individual colonies of
this subculture of Buck-lg-S2 always revea:l.ed, in the fundamental medium,
the tendency to return to the origj.nal S-xo;.gn.
The noninherited variability (modificatic.;r_;, even in the case of
the assumed hereditary cell material., seams to be subject to a change,
within an approximately equal variation. ~:~ange, during the course of the
generation cycle, provided that the expe~.?imental conditions are standard-
ized.
It is assumed that, in thz S2-culture, the behavior of the total
bacterial population is conditioned almost exe).usively by hereditarily
equal. isogenic bacteria. This fact alone explains why the inoculations
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of 52-descendants remain relatively constant over several passages. The
descendants of individual clones, however, because of their peculiar
biological. and genetic varJ.ability and mutability, can, under similar
conditions, show new intermediate dissociation values with more or less
large fluctuations.
To guarantee an optimal, immunogenic and antigenic effect of the
cultures to be used for production or research purposes, a~constant check
on the purity of the growth phases of the particular subcu7.tuxes, sus-
pension, and finished vaccines is necessary. Failure to heed the pos-
sibility of bacteMal dissociation, particularly in the case of Brucella
abortus Buck-19 vaccines, could lead to serious errors, with unforseeable
consequences as far as the battle against pruceLlosis 3s concerned.
95? Brucella Allergen In ections and Agglutination Titers
"On the Tnf'luence of Repeated Injections of Br~zcella Allergen
On the Agglutination Titer in Pigs, " by Ch. Lehr~ert, Institute
for Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Medicine, Karl Marx
University, Leipzig; Leipzig, Monatshefte fuer Veterinaer-
medizin, Vol l~, No 7, 1 Apr 59, Pp 215-216
In experiments on ten pigs, no nonspecific serological reactions could
be detected, even with repeated injections with the Dessau Brucella
allergen. Since the allergen test was simpler and less expensive tban
serological methods, it was concluded that it would ?find general ur_.,e as a
Preliminary test before serological examination.
96. Ada tation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus to Central Nervous stem
"on the Problem of the Adaptation of the Standard-A Foot-and-
Mouth Disease Virus to the Central Nervous System of the Mouse
Report No 2, Dependence On Degree of Adaptation and Blood
Picture, " by W. Itoetsche and A. Veckenstedt, Fr3.edrich Loef-
fler Institute, Riems; Leipzig, Archiv fuer Ex rimentelle
Veter3.naF~medizin, Vol l3, No 1, Jan Feb 59, pp ~+0-5- 1
The importance of the degree of adaptation and blood picture are
reported in the case of the foot-and-mouth disease Standard-A virus cul-
tured in the mouse brain. The three series of passages investigated
showed a characteristic, qualitatively s9.mi.lar pattern for the blood
cell curves. No matter what type of administration was employed during
the passage series, in each case the mouse organism responded to the
infection with an unmistakeable incr~ar.~e in neutrophil values. In
the first mouse passage, the neutrophil values were ~6-61~, and could
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which, in all eight canes, no longer shokmd any reaction of ter ~+-5 hyper-
immunizations. Complement-fixing e~ntibodies could be detected in seven
of 20 ?tested serwns of infected swine, and in six of these seven oni.y in
low titers (1:10 to 1:20). No antibodies could be detected in 15 cattle
which had been vaccinated only once, and in 80 cattle vaccinated several.
times with trivalent vaccine, 28 cases of comg~lement-fixing antibodies,
mostly of two types, were determined.
98. Effects of Weather On Foot-and-Mouth Disease Info^tion
"On the Question of the Dependence of Foot-end-Mouth Disease
on Weather Factors," by W. Koetsche, Friedrich Loeffler Insti-
tute, Riems; T_reipzig, Archly fuer Experimentel.te Veteri_naer-
medi zin, Vol 13, No 1, Jan Feb 59: pp~Tl t?1-1- 5~-~ '~
Comparative observations on the course of afoot-and-mouth disease
infection in adult mice during natural weather conditions and dining
experimentally induced atmospheric conditions rnvealed the following:
Unequivocal results can be obtained only when the experiments are
conducted wtth weakly viri~.ent material or low virus concentrations.
.^hore are connections between the appearance of certain weather
processes, particularly large-sca.;.e weather patterns, and the vulner-
ability to and the intensity of the infection.
High atmospheric pressure, low relative humidity and low tempera
tunes have a restraining effect on the development of the infection.
Low air pressure, particularly, however, decreasing air pressure,
high humidity, and high temperatures all accelerate the development of
the infection.
Light has no apparent effect on the course of the infecti,pn.
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Virology
99? Disinfection of Water Contair_in~ Polio Virus
"The Disinfection of Water Contaminated by Poliomyelitis Virus,"
by Docent N. V. Ryzhov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, and
Ye. V. Shtann:tlcov, Military Medical Order of Lenin Academy
imeni S. M. Kirov; Moscow, Gigiyena i Sanitariya, No 3, 1959,
Pp 19-23
The purpose of this woric was to study experimentally the derontami-
n~~.tion of water containing the poliou~yelitis virus (Type TI .Lansing) .
Tne following substances were used as decontaminants: gasiform chlorine,
chlorine containing compounds (pantocide), including among these bisulfate
and iodine-containing pantocides. In addition, the possibility of decon-
taminating water through a pz~eparation of carboferrogel M was investi-
gated.
Asa result of the experiments, it was concluded that:
"l. An effective method for the decontamination of water containing
poliomyelitis virus is chlorination far at least 30 minutes with 0.5-2.1
mg~l of residual chlorine. Contact for less than 15-20 minutes is not
effective.
"2. Chlorine-containing ~~ompounds {pantocide, pantocide-bisulfate
and iodine compounds) possess the ability to inactivate the poliomyelitis
virus ill amounts where the residual chlorine (iodine) in the water is
er~ual to 1.5-2.1 mg~:i, after 30 minutes. Contact for less than 15-20
minutes is not effective.
CPYRGHT
100. Scientific Session on Problems of Virology Hel~3 in Moscow
"Current Problems of Virology" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Meditsinskiy Fiabotnik, 3 Apr 59
The 12th Scientific Session of the Institute of Virology imeni
D. I. Ivanovskiy, Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, was recently held in
Moscow. T,'~e program of the session included reports on the nature of
virtl.se~, pathogeneses of virus diseases and antivirus immunity, and
general epidemiology of virus infections.
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Professors V. L. IZyzhkov, V. M. Zhdanov, A. T. Kravchenko,
A. V. Pshenichnov, and others spoke on the nattix~e of viruses. The next
aeries of reports were given by L. A. Zil'ber, A. D. Ado, R. M. Shen,
A. K. Shubladze, and others. V. D. Solov'yev, P. N. Kosyakov, 0. G.
. Andzhaparidze, and others spoke on the study of antivirus immunity.
Prof 0. P. Peterson spolcc on the influence of ionizing radiation on
natural and acquired antivirus immunity.
Miscellaneous
101. First Scientific Conference of Microbiologists and Infectionists
of the Urals '
"Microbiologists and Infectionists of the Urals," by T. Vavs-
man, physician; Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnilc, 17 Apr 59
The first scientific conference of microbiologists and infectionists
of the Urals was held recently in Perk; in honor of the 60th anniversary
of the Perm Scientific Research Institute of Vaccine and Sera. The con-
ference was attended by 250 ptiiysicians and scientific workers of the Ural
area.
A. P. Kobyl'skiy, director of the institute, reported on the
activities of the Perm Institute of Vaccine and Sera during the past
60 years. N. P. Yefimova, V. N. Mirskova, L. N. Shishkina, and others
of the institute reported on the improvement of antitoxic sera, vaccines,
and rickettsial preparations. Prof A. V. Pshenichnov read a paper dis-
cussing the theory that the recurrence of typhoid fever in persons pre-
viously infected is unfounded. Prof L. G. Perets read a paper on the
problem of the mutation of microbes and i.ts role in epidemiology and in
the infectious disease clinic.
Tire participants of the conference appx'oved the proposal for the pub-
lication of an epidemiological atlas of the Urals.
102. Congress of Ukrainian Urologists To Be Held at Odessa in May 1960
"Congress of Ukrainian Urologists" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Urologiya, No 2, Mar~Apr 59, p 95
"The next Congress of Ukrainian Urol.ogis?ts will be held in May 1960
in Odessa. .['lie progrfun of the congress will include the following:
"l. The Status of the Urological. Service i.n the Ukraine, and Methods
for Its Improvement.
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"2. New Therapeutic Methods in Urology.
~~3? Acutely Purulent Kidney Diseases.
"~E. Complications in the Examination and Treatment of Urological
Patients.
?5. Tumors of the External Genitalia.
"Inquiries about reports should be directed to Prof P. I. Gel'fer
(]Ciev, Krasnoyarskaya U1., 4 kv. 2) or to Dr L. Ye. Tsybul'skyy (I~ie~v,
iJ1.'Polupanova, 16 Kv 8). Repurts should be submitted 1 October 1959?"
CPYRGHT
103. Prof I. S. Koryakin, Soviet ygienist and Sanitation Ex rte Cale-
. brates 0th Birthd Y
"Prof Ivan Sergeyevich Koryakin, Honored Worker of Science of
Kazakh SSR, (69th Birthday)," (unsigned article); Alma-Ata,
Zdravookhraneni a Kazakh~tana, No 12, Dec 58, pp 56-58
Prof Ivan Sergeyevich Koryakin, Honored Worker of Science Kazakh
SSR; director, .Kazal~i State Medical Institute; and head, Chair .aF General
Hygiene, Kazakh State Medical Institute., recently celebrated his 60th
birthday. Koryakin e?as born in Vyatskaya Guberniya and graduated from
the Medical Faculty of the Kazan tTniversity in 1927. For the next 10
years he held the position of sanitation inspector in various areas of
Kazakhstan. In 1938 he was appointed State Sanitation Inspector of the
Kazakh SSR and in 191 he was appointed deputy Commissar of Health Kazakh
SSR. In 1938 Koryakin also began his pedagogic work at the Kazan State
Medical Institute; during 19+6-1951 he was head of the Chair of Municipal.
Hygiene and since 1953 he has been the head of the Chair of General Hygiene
of the institute, and from 1955 its director,
Koryalcin obtained his doctoral degree in 19+9 with a dissertation on
the "Sanitary-Epidemiological. Status and Bs~,sis for Improving Sanitary Con-
ditions in the Cities of Kazakhstan," and rccFivecl the title of Professor
in 1950.
F,oryakin us also active in .local and ail-union hygiene societies
and in the Hygiene Committee of the Scientific Medical Council, Ministrs?
of Health USSR and Kazakh SSR. His awards include the Order of Labor
Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star, the Badge of Honor, honor certifi-
cates, and medals.
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101. Prof' 0. I~1. Pod.vysotsl:ctiyo,, soviet Dennatologist, Dies
"Olga Nikol~ryyevna Podvysotslcaya" (unsigned ~tirL?icle); Moscow,
V'ectnilc DermatoloLii l Verierolo rii, No 1, Jan-Feb 59, pp 91-92
Prof Olga Nilcolayevna Podvysotskaya, Corresponding Member of the
Academy of Sciences USSR, Active Member of the Academy cif Medical Sciences
USSR, Honored 4lorlcer of Science RSFSR, and an outstanding Soviet derma-
tologist and venereologist, died on 1 December 1958?
Podvysotslcz~ya was born on 12 December 1BB4 and graduated in 1911
from the Women's Medical Institute in St. Petersburg. She was associated
with the St. Petersburg Medical Institute from 1912 to 1927. From 1927
to 193#3 she t~ras head of the Chair of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lenin-
l;rad Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians; and from 1938
until her death, whe was head of the Chair of Skin and Veneral Diseases,
I`irst Leningracl Medical Institute imeni T. P. Pavlov. From 1940 until her
death she was chaiMnan of the Leningrad Scientific Society of Dermatolo-
gists and Venereologists imeni V. M. '.Tarnovskiy. She was also the
scientific director of 'the Leningrad Skin-Venereological Institute from
1930 to 1950.
Pocl-~rysotslcaya is the author of over 100 publications, among which
are fire monographs. Her fields of speciality were derma~tomycosis,
tuberculosis of the skin, and the role of 'the nervous system in diseases
of the skin.
Her awards included 'the Order of Lenin, the Order of Labor Red Banner,
t~?ro orders of the Badge of Honor, and medals of the USSR.
105. Data on Number of Soviet Medical Scientists and Scientific ~~lorkers
"Statistical Data" (unsigned article); Moscow, Sovetskoye
Zdravoolchrrzneni e, Pto 1E, Apr 59, pp 63-64
Tlie fbllowingr tables give the nwnber of Soviet medical scient7.sts
^.r.~d s~~ientific workers in scientific-pedagogical medical institutic '.s
wnd organs of public health of the USSR and union republics for :940,
1950, 1955, 1.95~~, 1957, and 1958:
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Number of Scientific-Pedal,ogical and Scientific Workers in
Vu2es, Scientific Research and Therapeutic-Prophylactic
Institutions, and Organs of Public Health (1840-1958)
1` 0
~
~
1 5
1958
Total No of
workers
21,243
22,939
27,500
28,663
30,487
32,007
PTo 3n v~zz6s
11,556
12,396
15,394
16,411
17,505
18,093
1`lo in
scientl.fic
re sPazrh
institut3,onn
8,687
g, 413
10,014
10,169
10,962
11,866
No iu
therapea;tic-
prophylactic
institutions
and organs
of public
health W- 1,130 2,092 2,083 2,020 2;048
Scientific-Pedago~9.cr~.1, and Scientific Workers According
to Scientific Titles as of 1 October (1957, 1958
{Basic Positions)
scientific
Scientific and
Vuzes Other Institutions Total
Titles _ 1~L8 ~3 1g58 1 5 1.~ 1 5
Academicians
(active at~d
corre sponding
members) gg 112 84 83 183 195
women 4 4 5 6 9 l0
Pro:('essors 1,521 1,515 628 605 2,149 2,120
women 195 180 121 11g 316 299
Docents 2, 957 2, 945 51G 491 3,1+69 3,-+36
Women 1,074 1,034 .136 136 1,210 1,170
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Scientific and
Vuzes
Other Institutions
Total
Scientific
Titles
~
~
~
~
~~
Senior Scienti-
fic associates
llg
116
1,814
1,938
2,033
2,054
Women
47
47
1,088
1,117
1,135
1,164
Junior scienti-
fic associates
2,619
2,389
1,365
1,183
3,984
3,572
Women
1,680
1,726
959
849
2,639
2,575
Persons with no
scientific ?titles
10,778
10,428
9,411
8,682
20,189
19,110
Women
6,327
6,038
6,304
5,751
12,631
11,789
Total men
:18,093
17505
13,914
12,982
32,007
30,487
;~'otal women
x,327
g,02g
8,613
7,978
17,940
17,007
Distribution of Scientific-Pedagogical and Scientific Workers
by Union Republics as of 1 October 1958
(Basic Positions)
Re bpu lic
No in
Vuzes
No in Sci-
entific
Institutes
Total
RSFSR
10,180
8,266
19,446
Ukrainian SSR
3 569
2,326
5,895
Belorussian SSR
534
177
711
Uzbek SSR
848
297
1,145
Kazalth SSR
84g
229
1, 078
Georgian SSR
384
712
1,096
Aze.rbaydzh~~ SSp~
388
`317
705
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'
Republic.
No in
Vuzea
No in Sci-
entific
Inatitutea
T~t.sl
Lithuanian SSR
183
65
21+8
Moldavian SSR
l62
31
193
Latvian SSR
~,.7
66
283
Kirgiz SSR
208
76
281+
Tadzhik SSR
168
42
210
Armenian SSR
206
181
387
Turlffnen SSR
197
7>+
271
Estonian SSR
--
55
55
Total
18,093
13,91+
32,007
~ee II. Chemistry, I~adustrial Chem3stry_7
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Atonic and Molecular Physics
106. Phase Shifts in S?t,atis*,ical. 7.'heory of the Atom
"Phase Shifts in *?he S'".atistical Theory of the Atom," by
`.~ Tie~tz 7nst?i~?:tz?+:,e of 't'heoretical Physics, University of Lodz
~Pola,nd~; Leipzigs Annalen der Physik, Vol 3, No 1~2, 1959,
FP 'i.05 -112 ._._._..
Wi+~"r~ ;~~he aa,d of both tl:!e Born approximation and the asympto?I;ic
Wenzel-:K:raaners-Br~I.louin approximmation, this article derives closed
formulas for ?he phases of ?'~.he coherent scattering of electrons by the
'Thomas -Fermi a.!d ~.r??-~ree atom and gives the results in tabulated form.
Approximate solu~;ions of Byai;~i tPl~ysic. Rev., 401 4, No 5, 1956, pp 1298-
1300~ and other a.u'~hors ~A E Roark, Physic--. Rev., Vol 57, 1940, p 62;
.J Holtzmark, Z~T.rt~;ysik, V'o1, 55, 1929, P '+3'(; Ibid9 Vol 66, 1930, p 49) are
used fo.r -~.;he redu.ced effective nuclear charge screening factor], Zp~Z.
The 'Lrho.mas -Fern!;. func7?.ion of the free neutral atom is approximated here by
means of tae approximr'.,e solutions of Moliere ~Z. Naturforschg., 2a, 1947,
p 133) and Rozen~.al ~Z.. Physilt, 401 98, 1935, P E2
The nurnericai resul~c,s obtained show i;hat, for small secondary quantum
numbers, -f,;he corn approxima~ ;~.on differs somewhat from the Wenzel-Kramers-
Briil.ouin method, As far as the accuracy of the larger secondary quantum
numbers is concerned, ~~;he asymptotic Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin method is on
a par with tb.e Born approximation; moreover, for the larger secondary
quant k~n numbers , ';,kle born approximation actually goes over into fhe
asympt.ot?ic Wenzel-iirameTMs-Brillouin approximation.
The article also slows how the relaf,ivistic correction for the ph~:ses
?.s computed in boj,h of a;he above approximations. In the opinion of the
au?.hor, the numer~.ra7. m.e~;hods for computing the phases for small secondary
quant~.;~m numbers are fire only reliable methods of obtaining information on
the quality of sugges .ed potentials . For larger secon~iary quanttun numbers,
ei-t:her ~:,he fo:.^mu:las of t;s.e Born approximation, which apply for small phases,
or the astimpt.o^;ic Wenze:~-hramers-?Brillouin method can be used.
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Atomic Ener Development
107. Research Reactor To Be Built b Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR
"The Construction of a Nuclear Reactor," (unsigned article);
Moscow, Vestnik Akademii P1auk SSSR~ No 3, Mar 59, p 81
A research reactor of one MW is being built by the Academy of Sciences
Belorussian SSR. The reactor is scheduled for scientific research in
nuclear physics, for the production of radioactive isotopes including short-
lived isotopes, .for the study of the properties of certain materials, and
for the study of heat exchange in the reactor core. The reactor will also
be used to train specialists in nuclear technics and for biological research
and the development of power engineering.
108. Energy Values and Eigenfunctions of Lower States of Atoms and Ions
"Calculation of 4he Lowest 3P-, 1D- and 1S Terms of C, ?N'~',
0~- ~", F3#, Ne ~" ~" With the Aid of the Variation Method,"
by N Salie, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Karl Marx Uni-
versity, Leipzig; Leipzig, Annalen der Physik, Vol 3, No 1~2,
1959, pp 1~8-54
For certain atoms and ions with 6 electrons, energy values and eigen-
functions of the three lowest states are computed approximately by means
of the variation method. Use is made of linear combinations of Slater
determinants which consist only of ls, 2s, and 2p single elects iizncticns, the
radial components of which contain variational parameters.
Mechanics
109. Equations for Loaded, Reinforced, Ring-Shaped Plate Given
"Axially Symmetrical Stress State of a Thin Ring-Shaped Plate,"
by R. A. Adadurov; Moscow, Dokl.ady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 121+,
No 5, ]..1 Feb 59, pp 1005-1008
The stress state of a circular ring-shaped plate is investigated.
The plate is reinforced on the inner and outer concentric surfaces by
absolutely rigid rings and subjected to momen~l,s applied to these rings in
the plane of the rings. The plate is assumed ~o be thin and incapable of
receiving compressing stresses. Folds are formed in the plate under the
loads described above. The main stresses are the stretching stresses in
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the direction of these folds . I~Torrrutl .,t.resses pez?penclicular to the fold
are equal to zero. Tangent stresses perpendicular and parallel to the
folds are also equal to zero. 'T'his uniaxial stress state is axially
symmetrical. An exact solution of the problem in the linear representation
is given.
110. Condensation of Steam Jet in Liquid Meditun
a
"Cxperimental Investigation of the Condensa.t;io.n of a Jet of
Stearn in are Area Filled With a Liquid," by B I' Glilrn~an, Moscow;
Moscow, Izvestiya Altademii Nattk SSSR, Utdelenive Tekhnicheslcikh
P1auk, Energetilca i Avtoma-tilca, No 1, 1959, pp 39--IT--
The article points out tho,t the process of ?the condensation of a steam
,jet in a liquid medium, which occurrs in a number of technological oper-
ations, has been studied thus far only on the basis of visual observations
and photographic recordings. Boehm (Gesttndheits-Ingenieuer, No 28 1 1
who studied a et r p - -_. ~ 939,,
~ 3?-mnr in diameter re orted that an opaque cloud of fine
bubbles, which forms around the exit aper!;ure as a resttlti of supercooling
of the steam, varies in size according to 'the temperature of the liquid
medium and ttre pressure of the steam. P. A. Vecherskiy (Ti??ttdy Kiyevsk.
Tekhnolo~;ic:h. Tn-ta Pishchev. Prom shl., No 3, 1910) investigated the
phenomenon with even smallerjets 0 Za-0.75 rrun :in diameter) and found that
emulsions a.re produced during the contact of sr,~am with the liquid as a
result of the breakdown of the steam into fine bubbles; the condensation
takes place quicltly because o:f the sudden enlargement of the surface of
phase separation.
On the other hared, the author of this article conr..I.uded earlier (Tzv.
AN SSSR, dI'Td~ No 2, 1957), on the basis of a t.heor?etiea,l solution of the
problem of the condensation of the ,jot of steam, that a rapid condensation
of the steam het does not require a large surface of contact between steam
and liquid because of the great; intensity of iieFit transfer resulting from
the turbulent mixing during the foi~nn,tion of the .li.quid ,;et beyond. ?the
surface of condensation.
In the hope o:t' clarifying ~`he peculiar process of +,he condensation of
the steam ,jet, further experim.~r~ts were carried outs i.n which measurements
were made of the velocity pressure and?h.ernperature in various cross sections
of a je?t with a tapered circttla.r nozz.l.e 20 mm in ciameter< For +,he sake of
comparison, experiments were also conduct;ed with a flat nozzle, 8 rrnn high
and 25 ;run wide. Plotted isotherms snow that, dust beyond the limits of
steam nuclei, the -temperature begins to dx?op, i.e