SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100350001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 111
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 17, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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REPORT .
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ~~
SCIENTIFIC
INFORIVIATION REPORT
17 July 1959
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
~a~c~r~v~o~ ~~co,~~~
Issued semi-monthly. Annual subscription $28.00 ($4 additional for~~~ 1a ~~ ` /~
.cra ~' ~corc~ C.anfer
foreign mailing). Single copy $2
75.
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Use o! funds for printing this publication approved
by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1958.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted
from recently received publications of the USSR, Eastern
Europe, and China. The information selected is intended to
indicate current scientific developments and activities in
the USSR, in the Sino-Soviet Orbit countries, and i:1 Yugo-
slavia, and is disseminated as an aid to the United?States
Government research.
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT
Table of Contents
Page
Astronomy
1
Chemistry
2
Fuels and Propellants
Industrial. Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction
Materials
9
Organic Chemistry
17
Radiation Chemistry
~0
Radiochemistry
21
2~+
Automation and Computers
2~?
Communications
25
. Components
26
Instruments and Equipment
28
Radar
29
Wave Propagation
29
Miscellaneous
32
IV.
Engineering
3~+
39
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Aviation Medicine
Epidemiology ,
Hematology
Immunology and Therapy
Oncology
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Physiology
Public Health, Hygiene, and Sanitation
Radiology
Sanitary Radiation Engineering
Surgery
Miscellaneous
VII. Metallurgy
VIII. Physics
Experimental Physics
Nuclear Physics
Solid State Physics
Spectroscopy
Page
43
86
91
91
92
102
103
104
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1. Solar Radio Emission
"Results of Observations of a Shift of the Efficient Center of
? Radio Emission by the Sun on 3.2 Cm Wave," by G. S. Veysig,
V. F. Kushnir, and A. P. Molchanov, State Astronomical Observa-
tory, Solnechnyye Dannyye, 1958, No 1-2, 108-110 (from
Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Fizyka, No 4, Apr 59, Abstract No 897
Results of measurements of the shift of the efficient radio
? emission center of the Sun are presented graphically at the wave length
of 3.2 cm for the period ~+ December 1956 to 30 July 1957. The obser-
vations were carried out on a ~+-meter paraboloid of the State Astronomi-
cal Institute. The errors of measurement do not exceed + 1'.
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II. CHEMISTRY
Fuels and Propellants
2. The Thernu~.l Decomposition of Anhydrous Perchloric Acid
"The Thermal Decomposition of Anhydrous Perchloric Acid --
Part 8", by A. A. Zinov'yev and A. B. Tsentsiper; Moscow,
Zhurnal Neoganicheskoy Khimii, Vol 4, No 4, Apr 59, pp 721+-729
It has been established that an induction period and seZ:f'-accel~rai3cn
in the initial part of the process (the reaction kinetics curves have an
S-shape) are characteristic for the thermal decomposition o.f anhydrous
Perchloric acid. The results obtained in the work described indicate 1;hat.
the reaction proceEus by a chain mechanism. It was confirmed ?~,hat the
process of the decomposition of Perchloric acid comprises the intermedia,?e
stages indicated below;
HC10~, ---1 C1207 --~ ( C1206 + 1/2 02 ) --~
--j ~ C102 -~ 02 ) -~ (Cl2 ~' 02 )
The activation energy necessary for the decomposition of Perchloric acid
was determined and found to be E = 22,200 calories per mol.
3? The Effect of Organic Catalysts in the Preparation of Sodium Hydride
"On the Preparation of Sodium Hydride," by V. I. Mikheyeva,
T. N. Dymova, and M. M. Shkrabkina,; Moscow, Zh.urrtel
Neorganichesko Khimii, Vol >+, No >+, Apr 59, PP 709-7->-i
A method has been developed for the synthesis of sodium hydride
from the elements based on the application as catalysts of small quantities
of mineral oils and of their aromatic fractions. Intensive agitation of
the reaction mixture is employed. Of the substances tested for their
effectiveness as catalysts (anthraaene, fluorene, phenanthrene, solidol,
mineral oils and their fractions), the benzene-aromatic fraction of mineral
oils wa,s found to be best. By using the method described, sodium hydride,
which is 97~, pure, can be obtained. The procedure developed i;s recommenced
. for application on an industrial scale. An attempt is made to explain the
activating effec+, of the aromatic fraction of mineral oils ?~oi~ t:he reaction
of the hydrogenation of sodium.
It is pointed out that development of the chemistry of inorganic
hydrides and of complex boro-hydrides depends on the development of cheap
methods for the production of simple hydrides,? specifically sodium hydride.
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lE. Universal Method for a Rapid Determination of the Danger of Exploreion
Presented by Mixxures of Combustible Substances With Air ~~
"Possibility of Application of the PGF-2 Gas Ana,lyzc:r As a
Uni~rersal Appliance for the Rapid Determination of she Danger
of Explosion Presented by Difi'erent Vapor-Air and Ga.:-Air
Mix ;urea," by A. N. Bara+,ov, Central Scizntific Research Ins ti-
tute o~ Fire-Fighting Defense ~Protivopozharnya Oborona):;
Moscow, Zhurnal Priltladnoy Khimii, Vol 32, No 5, Ma.y ~y,
pp 1157-1159
An analysis of the critical conditions existing during thermal
explosions and also a direct calculation of the theoretical temperatures
of combustion. confirmed that different gas-aii? and vapor-a.ir mixtures
burn at~,the same temperature when the concentration of the combusi;ible
substance corresponds to the lower limit of detonaf ion. On the basis of
this relationship, it is proposed to use the PGF-2 gas anal.-zer in the
explosion-proof Exeeut;?.~ ~~ZG as a un::versai, c~vice ft~the za~ii determination of
t?he danger of explosion presented by mixtures of differen*~~:ombustible
materials with air.
The PGF gas anal.yzPr measures the temperature difference between a
reference platinum spiral and a plat:irtun spiral mounted in a. chamber where
cataly+,ic combust ion of a sample of, the mix+,ure being a,na':.yzer3. ;,ekes place .
5. A Mechanism of the Initiation of Explosions of Liguid Substances
"The Probable Initiation Mechanism in the Explosive Decompo-
sition of Liquids," by L. G. Bolkhovitinov, Institute of
Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences USSR Moscow, Dck.~..ady
Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vof 1?6, No 2, i.l May 5a, pp 32;~-?~'~-
The assumption that explosive decomposition produced by a blow is
initiated by the heating of small gas occlusions due to compression is
not in agreement with experimental facts, which show that t;he compression
of air occlusions proceeds isothermally under comparable conditions. it
is more likely that, uiinut? cryst:a.is .form in liauid explosives under the
effect, of compression and that: the latent heat of fusion liberated as a
result; of this crystallization gives rise to loca,?. overh?a~ting in :foci
from which Pxplosio:.s stax ~, . 7'he conditions which would resul'.~ in ~;,he
formation of crystals under the effect of a blow are discussed in the
example of nitroglycerin. Isothermic compression followed by decom-
pression of a liquid explosive must lead to increased sensitivity of thy;
explosive to a blow because crystallization nuclei are formed as a ret~ult
of ?his treatment. The fact t:ha~ partly frozen nitroglycerin exhibits a.n
increased sensitivity is in accordance wi-4h the theory advanced.
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6. The First USSR Units Converting Natural Gas With Oxygen Pu+., Tnto
Operation
"A Saving of More Than a Million Rubles," by P. Sichkov, Chief
Engineer, Lisichansk Chemical Combine; Moscow, Promysh.lenno-
CPYRGHT Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 3 June 59, p 1
"At the Lisichansk Chemical Combine, two converters of natural gas
ha~re been put into operation. The natural gas is converted to synthesis
gas for the production of methyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol. The process
is completely automatized. These are the first converters in the USSR
which operate on pure oxygen.
"Production processes are being automatized by the Lisichansk
chemists on an extensive scale. The process of the produc~t;ion of ammonium
nitrate has been fully automatized. Automation of this particular depart-
ment has resulted in a saving to the combine of more than a million rubles
per year. The production of isobutyl oil by distillation has also been
automatized.
"On the opening day of the June Plenary Session of the Central
Committee CPS an experimental industrial [pilot-plants department for the
production of normal butyl alcohol by oxo-synthesis will. be started at
the combine."
Industrial Chemistry
'j. USSR Work on Polyformaldehyde Resin
"Polyformaldehyde, a New Synthetic Material," by 0. '~orsunsldy,
Chief Specialist, State Scientific Technical Committee at the
Council of Ministers USSR; Moscow, Prom shlenno-~konomieheskaya
Gazeta, Vol 4, No 59 (51~+), 22 May 59, p
Recently, considerable progress has been made in the polymerization
of aldehydes. Formaldehyde has"been polymerized to a synthetic resin
which exhibits stability at high +emperatures and has good mechanical
properties. The new, presently applied method for the polyme.rizat,ion of
formaldehyde is based on the use of monomeric formaldehyde of a high
degree of purity (close to 1006) and the application of a special, rigidly
controlled process employing catalysts of the ionic type and special
methods for the ~cabilization of the polymer.
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The technological process for the production of po1.~?formal.dehyde is
carx?ied out 'as follows . By subjecting a 40yb aqueous solution of ~rntal.deY~yde
to the action of alkaline or acidic agents, an intermediate polymer of
the ordinary, unstable t~~e, i.e., alpha-polyoxymethylene, is obtain?d.
This product is filtered, washed, and dried. The alpha-poiyoxymethylene
is heated to produce pure monomeric gaseous formaldehyde . his fbxma'~3.ehyde
is additiona?1y dehydrated :Ln special traps, and in the final state of
purification, after acquiring a purity of about 1000, is conducted into
the polymerization equipment. The polymerization ?makes place in a solvent.
Aliphatic amines are most commonly used as polymerizatien cata~.ysts. The
polymer that ha.s formed must be stabilized. Tt is treafied wit;h acetic
anhydride to stabilize it. Polyformaldehyde is a synthetic resin of the
thermoplastic type. Its most valuable property is retention of good
operational characteristics at elevated temperatures. Its tensile s?~rength
at. room temperature is 700 kgs per cm2. Polyformaldehyde retains a high
strength after considerable Elevation of the temperature, i.e., under
conditions when the majority of ordinary 1~hermoplastics softsn. 2ts
tensile strength at 12Gois X80 kgs per cm~. The moisturF con+en~F of the
air has almost no effect on the strength of this polymer.
Furthermore, it has a hi~,h limit of fatigue strength, high transverse
strength, a low residual deformation, and a low coefficient of moistt~rc
absorption. As far as crer,piriU strength (gradual deformation as a .result
of prolonged applicat3.on of a load) at low temperatures is concerned,
polyformald.i:.hyde is some~ahat inferior. to amorphous polymers (polystyrene
and. polymethylmethacrylate), but superior to crystalline polymers, nasrely,
polyethylene and polyamides ( i . e . , i'+: has a lower tendency ?t.o creep than
the latter).
Polyformaldehyde has a. surface which is slippery to t:he touch. Its
coefficient of friction (0.1-0.31 is very low in comparison with that of
steel ?. The static and r!ynamic coefficients o.f frirtion coincide and do
not change with the tempera.tu~re. This makes the material parti cu_larly
well suited for the production of ~clf-lubricating bearings and, mosri.ng
parts of machines. These characteristics, in combination with +.,he other.
mechanical properties of polyforma.ldehyde, make it. possible to produce
from this material machine parts which are d3sting~~.ished by a high mechani-
cal endurance? These machine parts are suitable for. operation i.n sur-
roundings which differ greatly with respect to the temperature and hamidity
encountered< They a,re suitable for Llse in a +ropical climate.
Because of the high stability of polyformaldehyde to the action of
water, it is a good material for water line and water conduit fittings.
Polyformaldehyde fittings for this puxpose have, under ordinary conditions,
a useful life of 2.0 years. Among the chemical properties of the new
polymer, high stability towards the action of air a.t elevated temperatures
is worth noting. Exposure +,o elevated temperatures up to 80 for a.n indefi-
nite length of time does not result, in impairment of +,he physical proper-
ties of the ma.+,eria.l. It can stand. exposure to temperatures up ~-,0 1200
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far. shor'`? per.?j,oc',.r~ of time. As ~ais't,in~a.ish.ed from other t:herna.oplas?t;ic '
re ,ins, polyforzaald.ehyde has a, higl:i res9.s~tance to the H,ction of organic
solvents? i? is not so:l.t~.b.le in a.?~y of ?the common. so].vent?s ~~p to a
temperature of 70 ? ., The i~olvmer, is unstable only towar:3:s the action of
strong; a.cid.s and alkalis .
Because it combines a,~:it~'sY:+,ageou:s m.echar..ical proper;pies with good
electrical character] stic;~, polyformaldehyde will be used extensively in
the electr. ica,.l in3uatry.. :i?t ir~ of impor. Lance fr, om thj.s st.s,ndpoint, that
the electrical rroper'k_ies of th.e polymer are not affected i;o ar_.y great
., extent by high hum..i~9i~,y beca,~%se the ab3oi~tion of moisture by ~.?r., is low.
Polyformaldehyde is greatly superior to polye~hylene as far as
. impermeability to vapors of gasoline ar..d of hyds?ocarbons in general is
concerned.. I:'t is also resip'':?ant to vapors of alcoaol, ether.? and~or
esters, an3 solvera'ts contain~.n.~a; c:b.lorine, which makes i~; a promising
material for? the production of films, to be used in packaging.
Articles made of polyforma.l:iFhy~??e are produced on ordinary casting
machines at a casting ?tvempera:~ure of 200-225?. A comparison of poly-
formaldehyde with other ,synthetic plastics leads to the conclazsion that
it? has the closes?r, resemblance to polyam.icie resins, being inferior to
capron with .respec?t to its me1*~~ing ~`:r~perat7are ,,',which is 175?as compared
with 2.50 ? for capron) and ~s?zper.?iox~ ~!;o capr. on as far as stabil3.'t,,y towards
the action of solyen-!:~s ana ?tye ~,ez~:~ency t;o creep are concerne~'..
There a,re reasons ?t,o believe 'what high-quality syntbetic te:~tile
fibers can be prodlzce+l. from polyfor.~?,ald.ehyde.
One of the important a.,ivantagas of poly#ormaldehyde is i~rs low cost.
Formaldehy,3.e, which is cheep z~sid A.a~ail9,ble in plentifl~7. sapply, forms the
raw material for ?the pro+iuc~t?ion of pol;rfoi~nAlr;~ehyd.e. Prelitr~ina::y calc~.i-
lat?ions indicate that t??he price of l~olyfor~.~.a].d,ehyde will presu'~rably be
2.-.3 times lower than ths,+, of capY?or.,,
From the star..dpei.n'u of pro,~pect?~, f'or ?he prodv.ctior., of polyformalde-
hyd.e, the work, done a? tr.e :Lebora,iory of Prof A. Nalbandyan at the Tnsti-
t'ute of G'hemical Physi.cs;, Aca?~;emir of Sciences USSR, is of iunportance. The
work in qu.e_^^-?!;ion i.s concernert with ?t~~.F pY?or,'.uction of fo_rrna:l~~.ehy.~e by the
direct ca?t:alytic ox3~~r,ion of me?~hQ.:ie contained. in natural g?,as. ahe use
? of natural g~a~s, ratiner ?khan me?rizan.e, as the in.it:ial raw m.a,terial for the
production of formal~~.ehyde will mfike it possible to lower the cost of
formaldehy,~.e by a factor of r~o less ~:ha,n 1..5.,
The cha,ra.cteris't;ics of the *?ew polymer ha~re been investigate3 on a
laboratory scale au;i at la.~ger. in~~';~a,.llationr~ ~xnd.er the direct;ion of F.
Oleynik, N . Orlovw, V . I~~abomilov, N ~ yenik:olopov, and other workers at
-5-
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scientific research institui-.es a,ni ind~zr~?trial en*erprises. At present,
the most imporfiant thing ia. to ins?t:a11, a~, soon as possi'~le, an in~~:us~brial
pilot-plant department for working out definitely the technology for the
production of the new material and pro~:i~~.ci.ng it in q~xanti.tics sufficient
for testing in various pro3~a,cts ~, 'L''Zi~~ ?t.a.sk caa~, be accomplished. in the
shortest possible time by the Moscow Oblast' Sovnarlrhoz, jointly with the
institutes of the Plastics A.dmini.~~tra?,ion of the State Committee on Chemis-
try, Council of Ministers USSR.
The production of forma.l,ieh~~?~l.e can be best ca.Y~rie~~, ou?: at enterprises
of the Novosibirsk Sovnaxkhoz, where cons~,,~.erable work ha.e~ already been
conducted on methoda for i?t~ synt,~r,esis, a.n:~. also at enterprises of the Tula
and Tartar sovnarkhozes, where cheap ra;w !naterial for its produc?t3on is
available.
Interest in the production. of polyf. ormal~.ehy~~.e haW developed in a
number of countries~~ . Pu Ponta, in the LTS;, in?t;Pnd.s to F,'t:a.Y~t~~ industrial pro-
duction of "delrin, " a syn?~ahe?tic resin based on polyformaldehyd.e, as early
as 1959. Investigat3,on of metthoc:Ls f.or ?t;he syafhesis of ~,rolyi'ormaldehyds
is also being conducted. in West Germany, Japan, and, other countries .
S. A New USSR Plastic
"Products Made of Hi~rh,.,8t;x?eng'~h SNP M~?teria.l, " by (f ? Ya
Zyandzberg, I4.. .A. Si~r;?c~F_;.t,?a1f:o?~;:., a,.n~. ~;. I. ]:d.zalin; Mosc~~w,
Byulleten' Tekhniko-Ekonomic:~eslro~ ~{.riforma?ts3~_L No 1, Jan. 5g,
pp 12-13 ~ -
The Institute of PolyteerizFr+. ;Plasi.:ics at Zeningra~. harp developed a
new material s+appli.ed in the fo?:~% of sb.ee~t;.r-~ wh~,cb. exhibits very advan-
tageous characterist?.ics. ~?'h.i,s mra,'~erial, ~'iesi~a.Fed ay Sl\~', has a high
mechanical streng;t;.h, combiner9. wi~tb. a`;aba.li~:?y a:t: low ?temxrera?t;ares',, resist-
ance to heat, and s?ability To chemical ac?Gi.o.ri. .T,t can be reE,~iily cast,
subjected to mechanical working, cemented, and polished.. Thi4 material
is produced by fusing SN~-28 copolymer fGtyrene-nitrite) with SKN-~26 rubber.
9. Development of Pbenolfor_.:r~za,ld.ehy~~.e~-R~abbe_r, Pressure Mol;i~.ng Resins in
the USSR '~ '-`
"Phenolformaldehyd.e?-Rubber Pressure Molcli.ng Resins," by Io Ya.
Kvi.tko; Moscow, ~~1leten' Z'elshni.ko-Ekonomicheskoy I:r~formatsi,i,
No 1, Jan 59, pp 13-?15 y~ ""
Ablock-copolymer. is prod:ace~a, from nitrite rubber and xiienolfit~~,i~iyde
(novolac) by stirring ?the ?!.wo componen?t:r.~ in Werner mixer a ~ 120-150? .
Similarly to ordinary novalac xes:~..t~, ?the copolymer obtained in this manner
has the capacity to harden on a~`~,tion of hexamethylene t:etramine ar.d, can
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be combined with fillers to produce pressure-molding pow~::ers. Presrure-
molding powders of this type were originally developed in t~:he USSR a; t? the
Scientific Research Institute of Plastics. On the .basis of procedures
developed at this institute in 1957, the Olshta Chemical Combine has
organized the production of phenolformaldehyde-rubber pre~asure-mold3.ng
powders bearing the designation FKP. ,
Resins of the type described are used extensively both in the iJSSR
and abroad.
10. Polyamidc.Films
"A Remarkable Kind of Film", by A. Papernaya; Moscow, .?rc~lysh].Pnm-
Nlsonomicheskaya Gazeta, Vol 1+, No 59 ~ 51~+), 22 May 59, p ?+, calamx 1
Polyamide films were demonstrated by workers a?t the A11-'Union
Scientific Research Institute of F~.]m Materials and Artificial Leather.
0. Vorontsova, Senior Scientific Associate at the institute mentioned,
demonstrated very thin transparent films which cannot be torn and somewhat
'thicker films which cannot be pierced with a knife or destroyed 'by
hammering. The last-mentioned film consists of a technical capron netting
made of continuous extruded fibers which have been ceanented by impregnating
?t;he netting with a polyamide copolymer. Avery light, el.as?~.:ic, and. exceed-
ingly strong material is produced in this manner. Some reinforced poly-
amide films have a tensile strength of 2, 000 kgs per squar. a cent;~meter .
Films of this type are impermeable to water and resis~hant to the action.
of oil, petroleum, and gasoline.
Polyamide films can be modified for many different application by
combining them with other polymers. Thus, by combining polyamide.resin
with even a small quantity of phenol resin, one may increase its '~~n.sile
strength by one third. By adding to polyamides other re~~ins, on.e may
produce a material which is stable at temperatures down to minus 50?.
A softer and more elastic polyamide resin can be obtained by combining
polyamide with different grades of rubber. Films made of resins of this
type are resistant to ageing. The technology of their proti:action, is very
simple, acc~rd.ing to V. Alekseyenko, director of the All-onion Scientific
Research Institute of Fi]m Materials and Artificial Leather If films of
this type which have been rein:['orced with a capron netting are used for
the insulation cf concrete tanks for gasoline, the gasoline will not? seep
through cracks formed in the concrete. Plastics of this type axe also asi
excellent material for the construction of petroleum pipe l.i~.les . I:t, is
assumed th;~t films of the type described can be used to replace ?hhe steel
parts protecting. guides of machine tools for metal cutting. '?'hes+e films
will also be used as wall covers and material for curtains on passenger
planes and railroad cars. Another prospective application ir: a,s a material
for raincoats and tarpaulins .
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T.nor anie Chemistry
l1. Formation by Ions of A1ltali Metals of Complex Com oun~.s Wii;h
Ethylenediominci.ci,raacetic Acid
"Investigation of the De:havior of Potassium Ions in Solutions
of Ethylenecl9.aminetetraacetic Acid by the Me~th.ods of Ion
Exchange and Application oi' a Potassium Glass Electrode," by
V. P. Nil,ol'sltiy, A. M. Trofimov, and PT. D. Vysokoos~??,r.ovsltaya,
Radium Institute imeni V. G. 1Shlopin, Academy of Sciences USSR,;
Moscow, Zhurnal Neor~anicheskoy Khimii, Vol ~, No 1E, APr 59,
pp 857-861
It had been established in previous work dono by A. Sch?~ra.rzenbaah and.
eo-worlters (Switzerland) that lithium and sodium :Corm rather unr~t,:~?ale
ionic complexes with ethylenediami.netetraaeetic aci3 (EI`!?'A). No ~~?ta were
available on similar complexes formed by potassium, or any other a11ta.1,I
metals besides lithium and sodium. It was assumed that if potassium fosrr~.s
complexes with EDTA, their stability ought to be lower than tha?'e of the
corresponding lithium and sodium compounds. Using the method of ion
exchange and employing the ion-exchange resins KU-2, AV-17; and ],iowex-1,
the behavior of pota~~ium ions in PTA solutions was :investigWtea. Z'he
radioactive tracer K was used in the work described, and the po?1;ent~.io.-
metric method wish the use of a glass electrode having a ;po~t~ar,;9.um function
was also applied. It was shown that under the experimental con~~~.tior..s,
empJ_oyed (pH = 6-11 and, a concentration of EDTA = 2.5 x l0?? ~ ~?? ~ , 5 x 10-1
mol per liter), potassium does not form complex compoun3s with EP!I'A to any
significant extent.
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials;
12. State of Uranium and Thorium Atoms in Radioactive Minerals
"On the State in Which Uranium and Thorium Atoms Occur in Radio-?
active Minerals, " by I . Ye . Starik and 1~. F . Lazarev; Leninr~r'ad,
Ra,diokhimiya, Vol 1, No 1, Mar 59, pP (0_65
It was established that the atoms of uranium and thorium., in addition
to being present in the crystal lattice of minerals, may also be present:
in some radioactive minerals at lattice defects in a difficult.l.;v soluble
form as a result of hydrolysis or of some other process , When ?ihe racli,o-
active elements are leached out of monazite or wiilri.?te with svlt. Golution~
acidified to a, pH = 1-2, uranium, thorium, and the rare eaxth elements go
into solution in spite of the fact that there is no dissolution of ?t;,he
mineral. The process of the leaching-out of these elements by the solo-~
tions mentioned is analogous to the leaching-out of radium iso+opes.
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13. Trends in Uranium IIydrometa].lur~;y
"Applicat:ton of Sorption and ~xtraci;ion Processes in the iy.~.i?o??~
meta].].ttrgy of Uran:tum," ?~' I3. S . Kolychev; Mosco~r Atoirnr~a Ene:~?~;
Vol 6, Pio 5, blay 59, pp 513-52'T
The papers on processes of adsorption and extraction in u.~:aniwn
hydrometallurgy which were presented at the second Srr?terna,tional Con.ferencc
on Peaceful Uses of Nucleax? Energy (Geneva, 1959) are x?eviewed. Tnfor.-
mation is given on the relative extent of application of the mei;hods dis-
cussed in US industry. Different applications of adsorption processes,
specifically new processes for the extraction of uranium by adsorption
from pulps, are discussed. The two principal classes of extrac?F,ing ageni;sc,
~.e., arpmzc~?iaspl~orus compounds and amines, are consid.ex?ed., and the influence
exerted by different factors on extraction processes is discu~.;5ed,.
Examples are given of the application of adsorption an+]. extraction proces:~es
at plants converting uranium ores . 17,ze following general concl?usio.r_s are
drawn:
The present trend is away from the separation of solids from
liquid phases and towards the extraction of uranium d.irect;ly from pulps.
The RTP process, as applied in the US has not lived up 'to expectations
because of the complexity of the equipment needed and t;he ?unsuit:~bility
for the treatment of thick pulps of the method. on which tY?e process i?
based. Attempts are being made to develop new processes foz? a. ~~,or;p?;;ior..
from pulps, as for instance, adsorption by a pulsating layer of resJ.n.
There is a tendency in current worlt to develop technological metYioas
of treatment in which leaching is combined with ex?tract;ion, so gnat the
amount of acid used is reduced ?to the gx?eatest possible ex?f;ent and 'the
degree of extraction of uranium is incrcasc;d. There is, furthermore, a
tendency to eliminate filtration after, leaching of the o,re and. ?!;o replace
this step with countercurrent decantation in which flocculating agents
are used.
1~+. Chloride Complexes oi' Uranyl in Organic Solvents
"Formation of Chloride Complex Compounds of 'Jranyl in Acetone,"
by 'J. M. Vdovenko, A. A. Lipovslsiy, and S. A. Nilsitina; Moscow,
Zhurnal Neorganichesko~r Khimii, Vol I+, PIo 1E, Apr 5g, pp 862-865
By using the spectrophotometric method., the formation of ~o;zsple:~
compounds of uranyl in acetone which took place when hyc?soc:nlori~~.es of
pyridine and hydro~y~mine were used as donors of chloride ior_G wa.F;
investigated. Zt was established that U02C1, UO C122, and rT022C13-~ are
formed. A hitherto unluzotm compound of pyrid.ine2lzydrochloride with urany1
chloride was isolated and analyzed. The composition of this compound
corresponds to the empirical formula (C5H5 NH)2U02C11F.
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Because it is possible to separate Th (N ), Pa (V ), and U (,VI) by
extraction with organic solvents from hydrochloric acid solutions, data
on chloride complexes in the form of which uxanium may be present in
organic solvents are of importance.
15. Distribution of Ura Y1 Nitrate Between Aqueous Solutions and Organic
Solvents
"Concerning the Problem of the Distribution of Uranyl Nitrate
Between Aqueous Solutions and a Number of lathers and ]asters,"
by V. M Vdovenko and Ye. A. Smirnova; Leningrad., Radiokhimiya,
Vol 1, No 1, March 59~ PP 43-51
It was found that the distribution of uranyl nitrate between aqueous
solutions and a number of ethers and esters takes place according to
equations given in the text. The equilibrium cons?tan?ts of the d~.stribution
of uranyl nitrate between the aqueous phase and a number of the solvents
tested were determined. The activity coefficients and apparent molal
volumes of uranyl nitrate in some ethers and esters were also determined.
16. Dissociation Constants of Magnesium and Uran.1 Oxalates
Determination of the Dissociation Constants of Complex Qxalat.,~As oi'
Magnesium and Uranyl With the Use of an Oxalate-Silver Electrode,"
by Ye. N. Tekster, L. T. Vinogradova, and B.V. Ftitsyn, Chair of
General and Analytical.Chemistry of the Leningrad TecYiriological
Institute of the Food Industry and Chair of the Technology of
Artificial Radioactive Substances at the Leningrad Technological
Institute imeni Lensovet; Moscow, Zhurnal Neorganicheslsoy Khim3i,
Vol ~+, No 4, Apr 59, pp 764-765
The concentration constants of the dissociation of the oxalate com-
plexes K2 [Mg (C204)2] ana K6 [ (UO2)2 (c2o4)5] were determined. The
values obtained are listed.
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17. Uranium-Hydroxylamine Complex Com ounds
"Complex Compounds of Hexavalent Uranium With Hydroxylamine,"
by 0. Ye. Zvyagintsev and V. A. Kuznetsov; Moscow, Zhurnal
Neorganieheskoy Khimii, Vol 4, No 4, Apr 59, pp 866-$~$-
In worlc done by a number of investigators, it was established that
hydroxylamine prevents precipitation of uranium in alkaline media. This
property was used to separate uranium from iron, beryllium, and other
elements in analytical determinations of uranium. In the work repor'ced
at present, an attempt was made to clarify the nature of the interaction
between hexavalent uranium and hydroxylamine. It was established that
the compound [NH3OH ]2 U0~ ?H20 is formed by uranyl with hydroxylamine in
the pH range of 6-8. In the pH range above 8, soluble complex compounds
of uranium are formed which have the. constitution
ONH3
HONH
where Me = an ion of an alkali metal.
Some properties of these compounds were investigated, including
solubility, density, and electrical conductivity.
18. Concentration of Uranium b Adso tion on Anion Exchan a Resins
"Adsorption of Uranium From Sulfate Solutions on Commercial
Anion Exchange Resins," by F. Molnar, Chemical Departttant ofttr:
Central Physical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of
Sciences; Budapest, Magyar Kemiai Fol oirat, Vol 65, No ~+,
Apr 59~ Pp 139-1~+2
The adsorption of uranium from sulfate solutions on some commercial
anion-exchange resins was investigated. It was established that resins
of a weak or medium basicity are suitable for the extraction of uranium
from sulfate solutions and pulps. The AV-16 G resin was found to exhibit
a high volume capacity and good desorption characteristics, and the AN-2 F
resin, a high volume capacity., The strongly basic Hungarian ion-exchange
resin, NjYkion PA, was also found suitable, although its capacity and
desorption characteristics are inferior to those of Amberlite TRA~~+00.
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19. Dissociation of Uranium flexafluori.de by Uranium F'is;?~.on I~'ra mentr;
"The Dissociation of UFO by Uranium Fission Fragments," by
V. A. Dmitriyevskiy and A. I. Mt~,achev; l~~~scaw, Ato;~u~Nya
Ene_ rgiya, Vol 6, No 5, May 59, PP 533-539
It is brought out that as a result of irradiat:ton with neutrons,
uranium hexafluoride i.s decomposed with the format:ton of 1c~wer uranium
fluorides (i;here is apparently decomposition into UF5 and fluorine).
T]Ze rate of decomposition corresponds approximately to G ~~ 0.5 mo':h~100
electron volts or 0.21 mols~hour per one lrw of pcwer generated in the gas.
The dissociation of UF6 produced by irradiatian is counterac?tcd by
recombination of the dissociation products formed. As a result, a state
of equilibrium between free fluorine and tTF~ is establshed. The position
of this equilibrium depends on the intensity of irradiatian. In the
presence of fluorine, uranium hexafluoride is a compaunl which is ,~tabl.e
towards the effects of radiation even at room temperature, ?wheii the velac-
ity of recombination is relatively Iota. Uranium hexafluoride can be used
?as a fuel in nuclear reactors. An experimental reaetar emplaying this
compound as a fuel has actually been constructed (cf paper No ~?=502 by
I. K. Kikoin, V. A. Dmitriyevskiy, and others, Second :Cnternational L'onfer-?
ence on Peaceful Uses of Aton~.c Energy, Geneva, 1958).
CPYRGHT
20. A USSR Review of the Boak of J. T_. Katz and G. T. Seaborg an the
__.___._r._ _
Chemistry of Actinide Elementsi ~'-~~~r~-~~"~~~~'"""""""'~"""_"
---- _-..~..._~.a.._,....~..~....,
"The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements," by ,~'. T. E:atz ana
G. T. Seaborg, London, 1957, 508 pp, reviewed by G. V. El.lert
and R. N. Shchelokov in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khi.mii, ~J'ol 4,
No 5, May 59, pp 1217-1221
After discussing the contents of the book in considarabl.e detail.
the reviewers praise the quality of the information given by the authorr~
and the arrangement of the subject matter in the boob:. They recamrr~ena
translation of the book into Russian.
The following comments are made at the canclusion of the review:
"One of the authors of the book (G. T. Seaborg) is the origj.nator
of the actinide hypothesis. This has been reflected to a considex~sble
extent in the selection~of the material included in the monograph.
This selection was made entirely from the standpoint of the actinide
hypothesis and with the intention of substantiating it. One must
emphasize, however, that the treatment of thorium, protactinium, ura,n:ium,
and transuranium elements as 5 f ---elements is nit free of fault and that
the term 'actinides' is not completely satisfactory. A number of USSR
chemists incline to the opinion that there is no reason tc~ forget the
resemblance, which has been established lang aga, b2ttaeen such eiem~nts
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as thorium, protactinium, and uranium and the d--~--elements of the ].Va,
Va, and VIa transitional subgroups of the periodic system This resem~~~
blance i.s so great ?bhat there is every reason to regard tr~ansactinium
elements, not only as 5 f -, but also as 6- 6 d ~~elements~ Tt is obvious
that this interpretation of the nature of transactinid,es is more useful
to investigators working in the field of the chemistry of these elements
than Seaborg?s treatmento
"According to the au~Y~~rs of the book, an isotope of the element l02
(presumably 102251 or 102 77 )was originally obtained at the Nobel Inst3ti~
Lute of Physics in Stockholm in the spring of 1957 as a result of ,joint
efforts made by Swedish, British, and America~4physicists,~ The synthesis
of the element was achieved by bombarding Cm2 with carbon ions? The
element was obtained in a quantity amounting to~several atoms
"independently of the experiments on the synthesis cf nobelium
caxried out at the Nobel Institute, the 102 d element was synthesized in
th~~Soviet Union by Go No Flerov arr~~d members of his group, who bombarded
Pu with an intense stream of,01b ions bearing a charge of 5o An
exact repetition of the experiments conducted by Seaborg in Sweden led to
a negative resulto For this reason, the priority in the synthesis of the
102 d element belongs to Soviet physicists, and the right to name this
element is reserved to themo"
21~ Formation of Complex Ions b Zirconium
"investigation by the Ion-Exchange A'~thod of the Formation of
Zirconium Complexes in Solutions, 1? by A~ K~ Kirakosyan and :I:,~ ~'~
Tananayev, Institute of Genexal and Inorganic Chemistry imeni
No So Kurnakov, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal
Neorganicheako~ Khimii, Vol ~+, No 4, ,Apr 59y pp 852u~5~W~"'
Formation of complexes as a result of the interaction of zirconium
sulfate with oxalic, citric, and sulfuric acids in solutions was investi~-~
gated by the ion-exchange method, using the cation exchange res3.ns KU,,,l
and KU-2o It was established that the rather stable dizirconyl oxalate
and the complex ions
[Zr (C20~,)~] ~- and [Zr2 Cit7 ] x",
are formed, as well as unstable zirconium sulfate ions
l~+
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22. Interactions of hafnium Dioxide With Alkaline IJarth Metal Oxides
a?b High Temperatures
"interaction of Hafnium Dioxide With Oxides of Alkaline Earth
Metals," by N. A. Godina and 1';. K. Ke1er, Institute of Silicate
Chemistry, Acadei-~r of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Neorgani-
cheskoy Khimii, Vol 4, No 4, Apr 59, pp 884-891
It was found in the experiments described that the interaction of
Hf02 with CaO, SrO, and Ba0 proceeds energetically at 1,100? with the
formation of compounds of the general formula MHf03. In the system Hf02 ~~?
CaO, in addition to the compound CaHf03, solid solutions are formed in
the Hf0 region at 1,350-1,4000. There is a limited solubility ?f Ca0 in
these solid solutions. The interaction of Hf02 with Mg0 begins at a tem~?~
perature above 1,400?, leading to the formation of solid solutions in the
Hf02 region. Mg0 shows a 13mited solubility in these solid solutions.
No compounds of constant composition were found in the magnesium system.
23. Interactions of Niobium Pentachloride With the Chlorides of
Potassium and Sodium in Melts ?
"Concerning the Problem of the Interaction, of Niobium Penta-~
chloride With Potassium Chloride and Sodium Chloride in the
Nblten State," by A. P. Pa]kin and N. D. Chikanov, Voronezh
State University; Moscow, Zhurnal Neorgnicheskoy Khimii, Vol 4,
No 4, Apr 59, PP 898-901
The interactions of niobium pentachloride with potassium chloride
and sodium chloride were investigated by the methods of thermal analysis.
The constitutional diagram of the system Nb C15 --- K Cl was determined.
It was found that the compound KNbCl6 is formed, which melts congruently
and has a melting point of 396?. It was established that polymorphous
transformations of this compound take place at 33~ and 186 . A region
of separation (formation of layers) was found in the region corresponding
to a KCl content of 0.1 - 42.5 mol. percent. In addition to the results
reported by T. S. Morozov and B. G. Korshunov. the existence of a
liquidus curve from 0 to 50 mol ~ Na CL was er;tablis:~ed in the consti-
tutional diagram of the system Nb Cl - Na Cl. Furtht~rmore, it was
established that there is a regio:. o~ separation from 7.5 to 31.5 mol
percent. of Na C1.
l5
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2~+. The Effects of Radiation on Graphite
"Radiation-Induced Changes in the Physical Properties of Some
Graphites of Various Degrees of Graphitization," by Yu. N.
Aleksenko and L. Ye. Kakushadze; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya,
Vol 6, PTo 5, May 59, Pp 560-569
The effects of neutron irradiation on six samples of graphite having
different degrees of graphitization were investigated. It was established
that the absolute magnitude of changes in the electric and thermal re?sist~~
ance brought about by the effects of radiation does not show any dependence
on the degree of graphitization within thelind?ts of" experimental error.
The relative changes in the electric resistance and heat conductivity were
found to be lower in the case of the less graphitized samples.
The curves describing the dependence of the heat conductivity on the
temperature indicate that radiation defects produced in the crystalline
lattice of graphite exert an action on the propagn{`.on of thermal vibrations
and act as permanent dispensers of the type of crystal boundaries or
impurities. The effect of radiation defects on the electrical conductivity
is determined by the appearance of additional traps of carriers of the
electrical current.
Swelling of the samples was not observedc radiation annea3?ing
apparently took place at the elevated tem2.~ natures (350~~!?500~ employed.
25. Organic Moderators
"The Application of Organic Compounds As Moderators in Nuclear
Reactors," by B. G. Dubovskiy and M. N. Lantsov; Moscow,
Atomnaya Ener~iya, Vol 6, No 5, MAY 59, pp 563?,56+
Replacement of water with liquid organic compounds in water?~?w?ater
reactors does not result in a significant increase in the critical volume
of the reactors.
A small increase in the volume of the core takes place as a result
of the leakage of neutrons-from the reactor. The age of neutrons in
liquid organic compounds increases at a slower rate than the concentration
of hydrogen nuclei. Because carbon is present in the organic liquid
compounds, the neutron age in these liquids is much lower than in water
at the same concentration of hydrogen nuclei. This property of organic
liquids, e.g., isoamyl alcohol, suggests that it would be of advantage to
use them as biological protective agents to shield nuclear reactors of
small dimensions. To obtain more precise results in comparative experi~,
ments carried out on reactors employing organic liquids. as moderators, it
is advisable to rise as fuel uraniium wi h a 'low degree of enrichment.
[For additional information on organic moderators, see also Stem ITI.~
~16~ .
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Organic Chemistry
26. On the factors Which Influence the Direction of the Reactions
Between Triarylmethyl Halides and Silver Dialkylp osphites
"The Action of Triarylmethyl Halides on Silver. Dialkylphosphites;'
by A. Ye. Arbuzov and Ye. A. Krasil'nikova, Kazan Chemicotech-
nological Institute; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR -
Otdeleniye Khimicheskikh Nauk, 1Vo 1, Jan 59~ pp 30-3
A. Ye. Arbuzov hs~d previously shown that triphenylmethyl chloride and
triphenylmethyl bromide react with silver dialkylphosphites in two different
directions depending on the nature of the reacting halide. The first type
of reaction, that involving triphenylmethyl chloride, can be r.:presented
as follows:
(RO)~POAg + clc(c6H5~3 -~; AgCl -f- (R~a~~C(C~~5)3, ~l)
i. e., mixed esters of phosphorous acid are formed.
The second type of reaction, that between triphenylmethyl bromide and
silver dialkylphosphites, proceeds according to the formtgla:
(RO)2POAg -~- BrC(C6H5)3~ Agar -r (RO)k~~--CrC6H~~3, ~2~
i. e., derivatives of triarylmethylphosphinic acid axe formed.
The authors were anxious to learn, after studying these reactio:~s,
how silver dialkylphosphites would react with other secondary radicals.
The following represents the results of the ir~investigation:
1. The direction of the reaction between silver dialkylphosphitas
and triarylmethyl halides is influenced by the structure of 'the 7?adicals
in the dialkylphosphites, the nature of the halide and the substituent
group in the nucleus.
2. The silver salts of diethyl-, diisobutyl-,~diisopropyl~, and di-
sec-butylphoaphorous acids and triary7methyl chloride react to yield mixed
esters of phosphorous acid (1st type).
3. Silver dialkylphosphites with primary radicals react with triax?yl~
methyl bromide to yield esters of triarylmethyl phosphinic acid (2d type3.
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4. S ilver dialkylphosphites containing secondary radicals and tr.iph-
enylmethyl bromide yield mixed esters of phosphorous acid (1st type).
5. The presence of a substituent in the aromatic ring of the halide
derivative also influences the directiun of the reaction; if the substituent
is chlorine, the reaction proceeds according to the first type; if the sub...
atituent is a methyl group, the reaction is of the second type.
27. New Method for Preparing Diphenylphosphite
"On the Preparation of Diphenylphosphite,," by A. Ye. Arbuzov and
M. G. Imayev, Kazan Chemicotechnological Insititute imeni S. M.
Kirov; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR - Otdeleniye khimi-
cheskikh nauk, NoNo 1, Jan 59, p 171
The authors note that there are alreawy two methods for_ preparing
d iphenylphosphite described in 13te~t~atu2~e . Mora recently, a third method
was proposed which involves hydrolysis of .the acid chloride of diphenyl-
phosphite in ether with an equivalent amount of water (M. I. Kabachnik
and Yu. M. Polikarpov, Doklady AN SSSR, 115:512, (1957))?
The authors now propose a method by which large yields of vary pure
diphenylphosphite can be obtained. It involves the hydrolysis of triph-
enylphosphite with an equivalent quae!tity of water, follcw~d by distills} ior~
of phenol in vacuum:
(c6H5o)3P+H~~ ----~--~ (C6g5o)2POx -!- c6g5oH
The diphenylphosphite obtained by this method can be used for p~w~poses
of synthesis without further purification,
28. The Effect of Halogenated Ethers on Dialkylphosphites
"On the Problem of the Effect?of~Halogenated Simple Ethers on
Dialkylphosphites," by A. Ye. Arbuzov and V. S. Abramov, Kazan
Chemicotechnological Institute; Moscow, Izvestiya Akad~emii Nauk
SSSR, Otdeleniye khimicheskikh nauk, No 1, Jan 59, pp 35- o
Sodium dialkylphosphites react in a normal manner with chloro~ a~:d
bromomethyl ethers to form esters of methoxymethylphosphinic acid.
When the products of the reaction between ~ bromomethyl ether a~?d s od i~^.m
dialkylphosphites are distilled without sepa??ating the soditun bromide fo.~.med
in the reaction, a reaction takes place with the latter to form salts of
acidic esters of methoxymethylphr~sphi:~ic acid .
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Silver dialkylphoephites react with bromomethyl ether to yield esters
of methoxymethylphosphiuic acid, whereas mixed esters, evidently, arc formed
in the reaction between silver dialkylphosphites and chloromethyl ether.
29. .Determination of Alcohol in Chloroform and Benzene
''The Determination of Small Quantities of Ethyl Alcohol in
Chloroform and in Benzen~," by Chou T'uag-k'uei, Hua-hsu~h Shih-
chieh, 1958, 13, No 4, 175.-176 (Chinese) (from Referativnyy~
Zhurnal -- Khimi}~ra, No 7, 10 Apr 59, Abstract No 2;j132 'by T.
CPYRGH~evi
"To determine ~ 1.5~ of EtOH in CHCl33, C6Hhh, and in their mixtures,
a method has been proposed based on este:cif icat3on with the aid of phthalic
anhydride (I) . Twenty-five ml of 0.5 M solution of .r_ it anhydrous pyridi4~e
are added to 25 ml of mixture in a flaslc used for determining the iodine
number; the reaction mixture is heated on a water bath; 10 ml of water arcs
aaaea to it, and it is heated again for several minu?tcs,~cooled, and titrated
with 0.5 n. solution of NaOH in the presence of phenolphthalein. Similarly,
a control test using I is conducted, and the content of EtOE is calculated
from the difference in the results of the titrations."
30. A Process for the Pre aration of Insecticides Having the Gen?ral
Formula A1k0 2P_=_S,OCIi2CONA?lk2 -
"A Method of Preparing Compounds With the General Formula
(Alko2P( =S)OCH2CONAlk2)," by N. N. Mel'nikov, Ya. A. Ma,rdel'
Baum, and P. G. Zaks, Authors' Ce?stificate USSR 113170,
15 Aug 58 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal--Khimiya, No t5, 25 Air 59,
CPYRGH~bstract No 2872gP by A. Grapov~ ~~
"Compounds with the formula (RO)2P(= S)OCH2CONR2 are active systemic
insecticides and are readily soluble in water. After 20 g of (C2H 0)2PSONa
and .15 g of C1CH2CON(C H5)2 in 100 ml of acetone are boiled for 5-~ hours,
(C2H50)~PSOCH2CCiN(C2H5~2 lI) is obtained, boiling point 1~+7?00.35 mm,
d 201.3336, n220D 1.x+800. The reaction can also be carried out in alcohols,
g~ycols, and dioxane. In a 0.05 concentration, I prod~~ces a dosage of
0.5 mglg, with 100~o extermination at arachnoid ticks withi:2 ~I? days after
application."
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Radiation Chemistry
31. Rumanian Work on the Initiation of the Oxidation of Paraffins by
Gamma Radiation
"Initiation o~ the Oxidation of Paraffins With Gamma Radiation
Emitted by Co6o," by I. Drimus, G. Ioanid, A. Dragut, P. Vasil-
escu, and V. Dumitrescu, Institute of Chemical Research at
Bucharest; Bucharest, Studii Si Cercetari de Chimie, Vol 7, No 1,
Jan-Mar 59, Pp 79-9~+ ____.~ ~~-
The oxidation of Rumanian technical paraffins under the effect of
ionizing radiation was subjected to investigation. The res;alts of the
investigation indicate that the me?Chod in gaestioa can be appl.~.e~3 indus-
trially and that it is more advanta.gc,ous from the economic sta~.~cipoi~,~~~c
than the catalytic method applied hithert.~. An itav%stigation was else
conducted on the formation of active centers in technical paraffin ~,~nder
the action of ionizing radiation. A tentative design of ae~ industrial
installation is proposed in which the oxidation will be initiated by prior
irradiation of the paraffins .
32. Radiation Vulcanization of C~o'~~e~s Containing b'l~:.o7~ine
"Radiation Vulcanization of Fluorinated Copolymers," by F. A.
Galil-Ogly, T. S. Nikitina, T. N. llyumeyeva, A. S. Novikov,
and A. S . Kuz ~minskiy; Moscow, Atomtaaya Ene:~giya, Vol 6, No 5,
MaY 1959, pP 5~+0-5~+5
It is concluded, on the basis of experiments ca^^i?ied oot with K~~1-F
(a copolymer of trifluoroehloroethylcr~e with viuylic?e3. I ?
.Medovar9 S. ~. Gus?evich, "U;yge,:aFree Fluxes for Welding High Alloy Steels
and Alloys," Avtomatfcheskaya Sti~a ka9 Na 4, 1955] which give slags
prs.ctically free of oxidizers, fluxes of such type appeared in the US.
I~ikew3ae9 for example, quite rec~sntly information appeared in an American
weldin~ ,journal on submerged welding of uranium in a fluoride flux contain-
f,ng 7y calcium fluoride and ?_~;~6 sodium cryolite (Na AlI'6) [G. S. Hanks,
,J. M. Taub, E. L. Brundige, "Submerged ~,rc Welding o~ Uranium," ~.'he Weld-
ina Journe,]., No 99 September ]_958, pp 8908961 ? " ~`~
Of the number of foreign works known to them on welding of high-
temperature nickel chromium alloys, the authors say that only the works
~~f S~?ott [D. A, Scott, "Rupture Properties of Inconel Weldments at 1,I+00,
1 S &009 and 19 800o F, TY~e We].d.ing Journal, Vol 35, No 4, 1956] e:nd
Thorreycroft and Davies D. R. Thorneycroft, R. J. Davies, "Effect of
Weld3.ng on t'he Stress-Rupture Properties of Some Nimonic Alloys," Pro-
ceedings of thesBritish Commonwealth Conference 1957y Institute of Weld
ftl~, contain fafactual data on the endurance strength of welded points. It
~s no~tred from the work of Scott that weld metal strength in points of
g7 m
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3/4" thicknesses of Inconel is only 0.80 to 0.85 that of the pe e
C PYRG Hlsidered inferior. The foreign literature review concludes with the follow-
ing statements:
argon-arc method is admitted to be satisfactory; however, the welding of
3/4" thicknesses of Nimonic 80A with standard 20~ Cr-80~ Ni wire is con-
work on welding 1.5 mm thicknesses of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 by tke
and parent metal strengths are equal in operation at 760?C. The Brit
after 10,000 hours operation at 870oC. The authors agree that weld
"Thus literature data make it possible to assume that the problem of
ensuring high heat resistance for weld joints of nickel-chromium alloys
of large thickness has not been solved either in the US or England. Below
it will be shown that with the aid of submerged and electroslag welding
it was pnFsible for us to attain considerably greater heat resistance in
weld joints than has been achieved abroad."
Detailed results given of weld joint tests on 10-20 thicknesses of
alloy E1437B welded with E1437A alloy wire submerged in flux ANF-5
(CaF2 + NaF) and flux ANF-6 (CaF2 {~ A1203) show weld metal strengths to
be 80-8 5 of that of~the parent metal. It is recalled that British re-
searchers obtained a weld metal strength of only 40~ of that of the
parent instal in arc welds of Nimonic 80A. Weld metal strengths of joir_ts
of E2437B in thicknesses up to 100 mm welded with plates of E1437A in a
ANF-5 bath equaled g0~ of that of the parent metal. The authors believe
that high heat resistance of welded joints of E1437B in thicknesses up to
20 mm may also be obtained by a certain decrease in heating time for
quenching and, possibly, in the duration of aging. Preliminary cold work-
ing of welded joints before quenching also leads to an increase in heat
resistance.
124. Austenitic Ferritic Welds for 100,000 Hours' Operation at 600?C
"Investigation of the Heat Resistance of the Austenitic-
Ferritic Kh19N12M2F Type Weld Metal," by V. N. Zemzin,
Ye. M. Pivnik, and N. A. Yeroshkin, Central Scientific
Research Boiler and Turbine Institute imeni I. I. Pol-
zunov; Kiev, Avtomaticheskays Svarka, No 3, Mar 59, .
pP 19 -31
Kh19N12M2F-type weld metals with varying ferrite content produced
with EI-400 and 1Kh18N11M-type electrode wires containing 10.8-12.5
Ni were investigated to determine the effect of the 6"-phase on heat
resistance. Structural transformations of the 0(-> 6' type occur in
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the deposited metal at high temperatures with the formation of an inter-
mediate dispersed a~ phase. When ferrite content is limited to 596,
particles of the 6 'phase are sufficiently stable and ensure the re~
quired properties for operation at 600oC up to 100,000 hours. Increasing
ferrite content above 596 results in rapid coarse separation of the 6 -phase
and decrease in ductility and impact strength. Austenitization of the
deposited metal after welding so that ferrite content is approximately
596 results in the best heat resistance for operation at temperatures lower
than 600?C.
1250 New Mills for Rolling Ball Bearings
"Mi'l1s for Transverse Helical Rolling of Balls," by 7~e. A.
Zhukev~ic;hwtosha anal Pe T., Sofinskiy; Moscow, Kuznechno~
Shtr~m o~ochnoye Proizvodstvo, No 2, Feb 59, pp^1317
Descriptions are given of rie?~ mills for manufacturing balls for
bearings and ba]..l crusher mills by a new method of transverse-helical
rolling~o The method consists of feeding rods heated to 900o1,C;00?C
~be~4ween helical rollers rotating in the same direction. Rods acquire
rotational movement from the rollers and are displaced axially to a
distance equal to the thread pitch of the rollers with each rotation of
i:.he rollers < One ball is a jec?~ed per rotation of tY~e rollers .
Design, development, and plant installation of the mills was conducted
by the Central Design Bureau of Metallurgical Machine Building (TsKBMM)
of the Central Scientific Resea~9ch Institute of Technology and Machine
Building under the supervision of A. T. Tselikov, Corresponding Member
of the Academy of Sciences USSR. Mill TsKBMM?-8 for rolling 25?~+5~
balls has been instialled at State Bearing Plant No 1, mill TsKBMM_37
fox' 25~..55~ balls at State Bearing Plant ido 49 mill TaKBMMm37A for
~O~O~mm balls for ball rrusher mills at Plant imeni 1 May, and two
TsKBMM=59 mills for ~+OG80~nm balls era the Katav?Ivanovskiy and Voskresen~ '
skiy plants o Mills TsKBMM~+~+ and TsKBMNI~-,45 for rolling ~+Om80 mm and
80a125~un balla9 respectively, have been constructed but not assembled
~,n plants at present. No data on capacities of any mill are given.
$9 G
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12fi. Increased~Niobium Conten+ for Hi her Corrosion Resistance
"Radio~~aphic Exs.mination of the Distribution of Niobium in
Stainless Steel," by L. S. Livshits, Candidate of Technical
Sciences, and Engr L. P. Baknrakh, All-TJnion Scientific Re-
search Snstitute of Hard Alloys; Moscow, S_varochn_oye Proiz-
vodstvo, No 1, Jan 59, pp 20..2?_ v
Welds of 18-9..type stainless steel sheets with niobium were studied
with the aid of the radioactive isotope Nb -95 to determine the effect of
heating conditions on the formation and solution of carbides of niobium.
Stainless steel welds with an increased content of niobium (ratio of Nb
to C equal to 10 to 13) are recommended for intergranular corrosion sta-
bility at operating temperatures of 550 to 650?C. Steel welds with a
decreased content of niobium (ratio of Nb to C equal to 8) must not be
heated in excess of 1,200?C because of the solution of the carbides of.
niobium and its negative effect on corrosion stability. A radical
method for incre~~sing corrosion stability consisting of heating to
850-900oC and holding for 3 hours results in the formation of carbides
of niobium and the simultaneous withdrawal of carbon from the solid
solution. Formation of carbides of chromium at operating temperatures is
prevented even in steel with decreased contents of niobium by this method.
It is noted that although ?the experiments were conducted on stainless
steel weld points containing niobium because of difficulty of introducing
titanium into a weld point, the results may be related to stainless steel
containing titanium. However, me.ximum heating teml.~~:;ratures must be lower
for steels containing titanium, as carbides of titanium go into solution
at a lower temperature than those of niobium.
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'GT:CT . PH'~CSICS
Ex~erinsntal Physics
12~. Chinese Consider Period!.r. Focusing of High Current Electron Beams
"Periodic Focusing of High C;~rrent Electron Be~;ms," by Ho
Kuo-chu (~'] ~~ ,~~ ;~, Nan~?k' a:. i3niversity; Peiping,
Wu-7.i Hsueh- a.? (Acts Physics Sinica), Vol l4, No 5, Sep
5 ,~76 ;g2 -
The focusing of high ~:urrent electron beams by means of several dif-
ferer..t systems of periodic electric and magnetic fields has been studied
theor::tically [at Nan-lrai iTni.vcrsity] . One of these periodic electron
optical. systems, r..amely, a periodic el~~ct~sic field produced by a series
of annular disks held at alterna~t:ely higher and lower potentials, was
also investigated experirnen~ally in an electrolytic tank.
It ~aa,s found that if the distance between the disks or half period
of the f Seld i s long (i . ~ . , two or th:~~ee tines longer than the diameter
of the apertures at t'se center of the :iislss), the potential on the axis
may bey expressed by asaw-toothed functJ_on [which is presented in the
Chinese text.] The equation for describing the electron beam profile
under this con%~:.l-~a on is solved ans,lytically. The conditions which must
be satisfied to give: periodic focusing; are obtained.
1'f the distance bet;aeen the ~lisk,s is short and comparable with the
diameter of t~;e aperture, the potential on the axis is r::ore accurately
expressed by e, cosine functio:~ which is also given in the Chinese text. ]
lirder such conditions, ~(::~~ equa,ti~~ri for describing the electron beam
profile becomes a oomp?icated nonl:?near dli'fereni;ial e~,uation. This
nonlinear difi'erent~!al equation has been treated by earJ_ier researchers
[ Clogston, Heffner, ~:+Zd otb.er. s ] wZ;.o were able to obtain its first-order
approximation solutior_.
A perturbation method which yi.~.lds higher-oruar approximations is
presented a.nc. applied to treat o~t':?.sr periodic electric and magnetic fields
? suoh as an axially s;,uine~t:~?ic magnetic field, a quadr~.pole electric field,
a.nd a quadx~apole .maAnetir, fie~.d. For these various i'ields, higher-order
periodic approrimete sc:'.ations are computr;d, and the required conditions
to give periodic focusing are discv.ssed. The necessity of higher--order
approximatiox.~ :t.n tY~e design of Y.iigh??current electron 'beams with periodic
focusing is demonstrated.
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~~ REPOT
17 JULY 199 ~ .~: a f1~'
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The author states that othrr warkers in the Department of Physics
of Nankai University wox?lted an same of the mathematical computations and
derivations of foxmulas which are presented in his paper.
The paper was received far publication on 20 December 1957?
Nuclear Physics
123. Motion of Charged Particles
"Equa+.ions of Motion of Charged Particles in the General
Theory o~ Relativity," N. M. Petrova, Tr. In-ta yadern. fiz.
ICazSSR, 1958, 1, 160-165 (frarri Referativnyy Zhurnal--Fizika,
No 5, May 59, Abstract NO 9&03)
In a first approximation of equations of gravity in the general
theory of relativity, equations of motion of a system of bodies are
dex?ived, between which gravitational and electromagnetic forces exist.
The equations have the ttsual aspect of the second law of Newton for a
particle under action of Lorer_t~ force and force of gravity Fi -
-a~/ axi (~ is ?the gravitational potential). V. A. Foch's method is
used for the derivation aria for the expansion of the sought components
of the metric tensor into powers of the parameter (v/c).
1.2g. Efficient Operation of a Betatron
"The Electron Capture Mechanism and Acceleration in a Beta-
tron, I," by B. N. Rodimov, Izv.?Tomskogo politekhn. in-ta,
1979 ~7, 11-29 {From ReferatLvnyy Zhui?nal--Fizika, No 5,
May 59, Abstract rTo ~gg1~~ -'.
"The Electron Capture Macllanism acid Acceleration of a Beta-
i-,ron. II.," by B. N. Rodunov, Tzy. Tomskogo politekhii. in-ta,
1957, 87, 30-40 {from Referativnyy Zhurnal--Fizika, No 5,
May 59, Abstract No 9917
"Account of the Proper Magnetic Field of the Equilibrium Beam
in a Betatron," by P. A: Cherdantsev, Izv. Tomskogo politekhn.
in-ta, 1957, 87, 52?56 (from Rex'erativn Zhurnal--Fizika,
No 5, May 59, Abstract No 991
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"The Relativistic Potential Function of the Magnetic Field and
T?ts Application to Computa?t;ion of Density of the Equilibrium
Charge in a Betatron," by P. A. Cherdantsev, izv. Tomskogo
pol.itekY.n~ in-ta, 1957, 87, ~8-51 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal--
Fizilca, No 5, May 59: Abstract, No 99:9)
Thy above articles are directed toward more accurate design and im-
proved operation of the betatron.
"The Pi?obiem of Selection of a Rational Location for the In,jec-
+.or and the Determination of the Potential. Magnitude of Injec-
tion Into trip Betatron," by K. S. Grishin, Izv. Tomskogo poli-
~ekhn.. in-ta, 1957, 87, 137-150 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal--
Fizika, No 2, Feb 59, Abstract No 2602)
"Stabilize;tion of Be?h,a?trc+n r,:?~iss:ton," by V'. M. Razin, Tzv.
Tomskogo poli?takYzsz. ir_-?ha, x.957, 87, 206?-215 (frrnn Referativnyy
Zhurna.l-?-Fl.zika., 1~'0 2., F:~b ,59, Abstract No 2603)
Both preceding articles discuss the ei'ficient capture of injected
electrons as a means of raising the efficiency of the betatron.
130. State Diagram of Cu??~Ti-Si
"Investigation of the State Diagram of the System Cu-Ni-Si,"
by I. I. Noa~ikov and L. :ii. Dautova, Tr. In-ta ?ladern, fiz.
AN KazSSR, 1958, 1, 27~+??^81 (from Re~erativnyy Zhurnal--
Fizika, No 5, Ma,y 59, Abstract No 1057
The investigatior_ of the system Cu-Ni-Si has been carried out within
the triangl? of concentrations Cu-8~, N3~8~, 3i from six radial sections
passing through the Cu angle. For the plotting of the state diagram
methods of thermal, micro3a;opic and X-?ray phase analysis were applied, as
well as the method of microhardness. Isotherms of liquidu.s through l00
and isotherms of limited solubility in a solid state at 700, 800, 900,
10000 C have been drawn, as well as six polythermal and four isothermal
cross sections, it is shown that na one of the chemical compounds of Ni
with Si forms a quasibinary syst~:m w??th Cu and that the compound Ni2Si
cannot be in egtai.librium with a solid solution on a Cu basis.
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131. Radiative capture 'Iie1.d
"1'ielcl of (1{ ,n) I~pae?tions of Light Isotopes of Elements
WitY~ Z = 6-h8," by N. A. Tiisl:onov, Izv. Tomskogo politekhn.
in-ta, 195'l, 87, !i?37-41EU (from Referati.vn Zhurnal--
Fizika, No 2, Feb 59, Abstract no 2 27
Mes,surements were carried out of the relative yield of ( ~ ,n) reac-
tion under effect of radiative captu:.?e of 25 Mev energy for light isotopes
of el~~ments with Z s 6-68. The obtained data show that the yield of
rea~.tion of irradiation of the studied elements by radiative capture
with a maximum energy of 25 Mev appears to be a quadratic function of Z.
132. Thresr.o? d of ?:~iotocit~utrous
"`.'t'hreshold of Pr~oto_aeutrons of l3 _'+ sotopes," by A. K.
Berzin, Tzv. Tomskogo pol'tekhn. in-ta,;, 1957, 87,
433-436 (:~?rom Poferativny;y_Zhurna.'L--I'9.zika, No 2,
Feb 59, Abstract No 2 32
The ?threshold:~ of ( ~ ,n) ~?eaetions were measured for 13 isotopes.
The mee.suraments were carried out either directly by neutron records
(RZhFiz. 1958, No lei, 22371) or by recording of the produced activity.
The established accuracy of the maxi.mt3n energy of the radiative capture
spectrum of the betatron ws.s t 10 lev. TL?e samples were oxides of the
elements. It has been found that the yields of separate isotopes are
expressed with adequate acrttracy by correlations of the type N e K
(Ems - Eo)m, while the threshold energy Eo and the constant m are
selected graphically for each isotope. The threshold energies have
been found it Mev: for Ba-138 8.51. ~ 0.08; Tom.-7.39, 8.75 t 0.08; Ce-140,
g.01 i. 0.08; Ce-14^ 7.17 ? 0.08; Pr-?7.41 9.35 ? 0.08; Nd-150 7.43 ? 0.08;
Na~-144 8.2?-~ 0.08; Nd-142 9.81 ~ O.o8; Sm-14q 6.91 ~ 0.08; sm-144
10.4b ? 0.2 for Sm-147 (?) 7.3 ? 0.3 Mev. It has not been established to
which isotope Nd 143 or i45, the measured threshold of 6.6g ? 0.08 Mev
corresponds. It is also not clear to which isotope 6.6g ~ 0.08 correspond
-?-? to Ba 135 or 137.
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133. Deviation of Nuclear Sra e 7+'rom Axial ,S mnetry
"Rotationa~ Stags of. Nonaxial Odd. Nt:c3ei," by A. S.
Davydov, Physics Tria?ti?ttti;~ imeni Lebedev, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhiarnrt1. S1~s~e:si~nental'no i
T.eoreticheskoy F:!zi.lci, 401 3(~, No 5, May 59, Pp 1555-
2559 `~
A theory is developed for the rotational. states of add nuclei whose
ground state spin is due to the saz?ttl.ar momeritt~rr- J = 1/2 of the outer
nucleon. The energy of the rotational states is derived as a function
of the parameter 'Y ~0 6 ~ ~ ?i'~3) which specifies the deviation of
the nuclear shape from axial symmetry.
134. Model. of Meeor??11Tucleon :.loud P.rodazction
"The Role of. Viscosity in the i~yd:?od~nlamical Theory of
Multiple Particle Z'ox~na'tior..," by A. A. Yemr~l'yanov, Physics
Institute imeni 'Lebede'v, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow,
Zhurnal. Nksperimental'noy 1. Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36,
r
5, May 59, pp 1550-1.55
The model. of a visc~,~ts ul?.rare~1Ntiv:? stic fluid is employed to de-
scribe the emission of t?ze "mF~sc~n..nuei ec~n" cloud pr. educed in the
collision of. high energy ntzc'.eans. An asymptotic solution of the one-
dimensional equations has seen obi;e;~,ned. It is shown that account of
;viscosity leads to a leis prcnounced anisotropy in the angular distri-
bution of the secondary particles than if an ideal fluid is considered.
135. S;;,atteri.~g r.~f :Dirac Particir s
"Scatty=ring of Di a?ac Pa..!'i,icles i.:~. the aer.ond Aoa.~n Approxima-
tion," by V. M. Arutyunyar~ and R. PQ. Muradyan, Moscow State
University; Moscow, Zh~xrr_al_ Eksperimental'no i Teoretiche-
skoy Fiziki, Vol 36, No 5, May 59, pp l5 E2-15 ?5
Elastic sratte~^ing of Iii~?ac particles by a spherical.l.y symmetrical
field of a fixed cF~ntar is consideed. ' 7'~ie ti-alues of the scattering
amplitudes are determined in the s~:c~~nd Sorn approx~.Imation.
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lib. A Plasma D'!scontinui?ty
"Structure of a Magneto`:,ydroclynaml.c Shock Tn'ave in ~ Partially
Ionized Gaa," by S. B. Pilzel'ner, CrS.mean Astrophy Kcal Ob-
servatory, Acaclemy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal IItsperi-
mental'ro i Teoreticlzeskoy z~' ~ziki, Vol 36, No 5, May 59,
Pp 153-15 ~!-
A magnetohydrodynamic s.~tock wave in a partially ionized gas consists
of a thin plasma discontimaity and a trana3.tion zone. An approximate
solution of the equations for ?che trans??ti.on zone is carried out for
some particular cases. mhe charge excha:ige effect does not significantly
influence ?the general nature of the motion but decreases the scale. As
long as ?the wave can be considered stationary within the transition zone,
the magnitude of energy di.ssipatio_z is i:.clependei:t of the degree of ioni-
zation.
137. Tkze ~thomas??F'erm~i '~od.el
"Refinement of the Thomas-?Perni Model at Smat1 Distances," by
Ye. S. ~'radkin, Physics Institute imeni T,ebedev, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Fksp?;:imen-ta1'noy i Teoretiche-
skoy P'iziki, Vel 36, 1Vo 5, r4w;~ 59, pP ~y53:3?J.5~5
A cor.?r?ectian to the Thomas-Fe~ni model is sugges~:ed fo: small
distances :from the nur_leus which J.eads to a significant improvement
between the ca1c~~.'Lated a.nd exper?mentwl values for the total energy of
the atoms.
138. Paritw~ Conseraatior. Ana,lyc~is
"'Azim,Lthal Symme+.,ry in Canoade of P,Nactions and Paz~ity Con-
servation," by M. I. ShiroJsov, ~o1.nt Institute for Nuclear
Research; Moscow, Zhurnal Eks erimental'noy i Teoretiche-
skoy F'iziki, VoJ. 3 , PTo 5, May 5~, pp 152 -1532
Some angulax azimuthal symmetry r;,lations in cascade of reactions
of the proton triple scattering typ~~ are cie~?ivec~. w;zirr. follow from
parity consex?~ration in T,he casrad~~ reactio~ic' . Tt is pointed out that
experimental establi EYment of tine si~upJ_cst oi' these symmetries, which
is well kno-~an., namely, symmetry of twice scattered particles relative
to the plane of the first scattering, is not an exhaustive proof of
parity conservation. The exper:Lmentc, suggested here are a more reliable
proof of this law, ttind in some cases it can be c;onsidcred as a complete
proof .
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139. Electron Excitation in Collisions
"A Qualitative Interpretation of the Mean Electron Excita-
tion Enet~gy in Atomic Co].7.isions," b,~,r 0. 73. ].+irsov; Moscow,
Zhurna]. Eksperimental'noy i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol 36,
No 5, May 59, Pp 7517-1523
Transformation of the kiite?tic energy of relative motion of colliding
particles into electron excitation energy is interpreted as being the
result of their deceleration caused by e'?cctron exchange. Electron
motion in the region of o~rerlapping?of 'the shells of the colliding
particles is considered quasi~?classically. It is assumed that when the
electron moves from the potential field of_ one of the atoms to that of
another, it transfers from the first atom to the second a momentum
which, on the average, is eciLtal to the prod~~~c-t of the relative velocity
of the atoms on the mass of the electron.
140. Radiative Cap?~ure of Mesons
"Radiative Capture of Polarized ~?~ -Mesons by Nuclei," by
G. M. Ganclcl'man and V. N. Mokhov; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i Teoretiches?~oy Fizilti, Vol 36, No 5, May 59,
pp 1513-151~'r ._.-.~ -
The correlation.. between the directior_ of the N -meson spin and
the direction of the -r -ciuantum emitted in the radiative capture of
the ~ -meson by a nucleus is conside~?ed with account of the ir_teraction
between the ~ -Wiesen and nuclear spins (hyperfine splitting). The
analys3.s is carried out for nuclei of arbitrary spin J.
141. Shade of Nuclei
"The Shape of Even-Even 7~T~zclci," by A. S. Da~rydov and G. F.
Filippov, Moscow State J1iversity; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental'noy i~Teoretichesko Fizik:i., Vol 36, No S, .May 59,
pp 1 9'7 -1502
A nt~ri.ear model which ars~ames a core and two nucleons in ,a shell
of angular moment-am ,j iS considered. The energy as a function of the
parameters ~ and ~' i s de?t,exmined for various values of. the total
nucleon angular momentum. It is shown that in the ground state minimum
of energy corr::sponds to a nonaxial sxaape of the nucleus providing
~ > 3/2.
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142. Model of Photonuclear Reactions
"Single-Particle Mechanism in Photonuclcar Reactions," by
G. M. Shlyarevskiy, Physicotechnical Institute, Academy
of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperimental'noy i
Teoreticheskoy Fiziki, Vol n, No 5, MaY 59, Pp~1496
The single-par'ricle (directl mechanism of photonuclear reactions at
high energies is considered on basin of the shell model. It is shown that
the momentum distribution of the ground nuclear state which this model
yields permits one to explain the shift forward of the photoproton momen-
tum distribution peak and to obtain the correct value for the cross sec-
tion of the reaction.
143. Correlations in Multiple Production
"Angular Correlations Near the Multiple Production Threshold,"
by A. F. Grashin, Moscow Engineering i'hysics Ynstitute;
Moscow, Zhurnal Eksper?!menta_1'n_oy_i Teoreticheskoy Fiziki,
Vol 36, No 5, May 59, pp 1 0-1
Lim~.ting angular correlations near the threshold have been obtained
for reactions in which final products are an ir.~'initely heavy nucleus
and 2, 3, or 4 identical yermions with spin 1~2.
144. Nuclear Absorption of ZJltrasourd
"Resonance Absorption of Ultrasour_d on Nuc].e3,," by A. R.
Kessel, Kazan State University; Moscow, Zhurnal Eksperi-
mental' noy i T.eoret:Lohoskoy Fiziki, ti'ol 3.~, No 5, MaY 59,
PP 11 5]--1 5
A theory of resonance absorption of ultrasound on paramagnetic
nuclei of the atoms of a simple cubic lattice is developed under the
assumption that the spin-lattice interaction i~~ d'etermined by nuclear
quadrupole forces. Absorption coefficients for spin transitions
~ m 1 and D m ;; 2 have been obtained for arbitrary directions
of propagation and arbitrary polarizations of the sound waves. The
theory for In115 in InSb is compared with the exper.-tments.
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45. Gamma, Sca,t?`.?,aring on 1\L~ ~'! c. ?i
'~Resorla,ncF Sca,ttex~ing of f~ow E7.~~rgy ~ -Quauta on Nuclei,"
by ~3. N. Nalir!sin, Phy~;~.ca t~.nLitute :;:meni I~ebsdcv, Academy
of Sciences,, T~SSR; Moscow, Zhuriaal El~speriinen?~e3.'noy i
TeoreticY;eskoy ~'3_z~?:~i, Vol ,~~, No 5~ May 79, pP 1 ~3 -? 442
Z'he mecrt;,,r~ism oi' resonanrc~ rac^,t.tcrir~g cf :Low energy ~ -quanta on
nuclei is discussed. St. is shown twat it is of the neture of resonance
nuclear fl.uo?resre,.re a,nd that r xL ,: ra.tian of ?t'rse nucleus c,an be described
with aid of single-nvcl.eo?. transi?t;:lozss. 'ihr--. Y -ray scattering cross
sections are calcule.ted on the basis off' the shell. theory. The width of
the excited level was estimated by making use of ?the rex3ni gas model and
of the results of tYse investigations o:f' Signell and Marshak on the theory
of scattering of r..uclecras. `i7lze xs?su:S.tc~ s,ra in ss,tisfactory agreeanent
with the exper_Cmox~tal data,.
146. BetYxe:?~Salp,~ter. tac~r~.a ~?,~~n
"Nonrelativis~tic Solt~t.ion of thz Bethe-Salpeter Equation,,"
by A. I. Alekseyev, Moscow ~ngineeri~?.g Physics institute;
Mloscow, 7hU.r.2?aJ. ~t~~~: ~~.e:~ta.'l.':tzuy :L ^earat3.atit? skoy ~:~ i~iki,
~i'ol 36, .lVo 59 Icy 59, p:P ~T+5-137 ~-......_-
A no!srcle,tivis?.tic~ sr,.l.~;;3or oi' th` F1r?.t?-,e-S.a,1.pe r1~'~ ex -a M2+
+e ~ p *aith a ~onscaucnt :+.ocalyza,t.:ion of a hole on the cation vacancy ?.
(it is sr.otan ex,~srimertu.:..l:l fcr- IC:3r-27b, HI3r-Ge, ItI~3r-Mrs); the latter may
be one--talent incpt?:,:i?ty Lons, e.g., N+ + ex --> M + ex --~ M + -'s M+ + h11
(M is are impu2: S.t?y ion, ef-e:~c-? ton, e-electron, p-hole) . ~.[Rie phenomenon
of stirnul.ating act:ton of x-:?ays hes been tes'ced on phosphors TdaC1-I'b,
IBr-Tl, I{Cl. 'i7ae exc??ton r~~ach~.::^ism oY' this phenomenon is discussed.
The ?stimulat.ing aci,iorl u:' ekc.?t~~ni3 :tn I~6r-Pb is experimentally cenfia.~ed.
The study o'~ tlis -olrt?~c?:al r,?;a~axic:as*~g o:? T-centers KCl-Ca, Ag showed tha?'c?
the :~-?centers ?:~e u;uen~yc:c:. a:~. ?rradi'ation not only in ??- and V-ba.ds
absorpfiio.~ ba.:~d.s, bu*, x.~.so .;a o?choa:? elect~?or_ absorption banns.
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157? Chinese Research on Stoner's Collective Theory of Ferromagnetism
"Diagrammatic RPpr.?esen?L?a,tion for Stoner's Collective '.Theory
of Fez?romagnetimn," by Hsiang Jen-sheng (~o~ /' ~ ),
Institute of App3.iec1 Fhysics, Academia Sinica; Peiping,
Wu~1i Hsueh?-pan (Arta Physica Sinica), Vol 14, No 5, Sep 58,
CPYRGHT pp 3 9-?3'T5
"On the basis of tYLe three premises of Stoner's collective ?cheory of
ferromagn.etj.sm, approprit~.te energy band diagrams are constructed. .~ixie~se
diagrams vividly show the pltysir?a,1 situation involved in Stor_er's tkteory?
With the help of diagrams, Stoner's criterion for occurence of fe.romag-?
netism, k 8' ~~ c ~ ] 2~3, and for complete magnetism, ~ ~ 2_l~s, can
be ded~.tced in a~rathcr :simple a.nd straightforward way. With the help o?
dd.a,grams, the migration cf slec~hrons from d-band to s-band due t4 the
splitting of d~-brand 3.n the 1'erromagretir state is considered. Such a
transfer off' electrons is est9.mated ?to be about one percent .for ^ic:kel ,t
Oo K?"
7'he author statss that part of the work reported in this paper was
done at Rutgers Jn~~rersity and acknowledges the help of Prof P. R. Weiss,
with whom he had discussed the problem many times.
The paper was ?r. pcE ~~ v~ d i'o:r publication 17 April 1957
u~ctroscopy
158? Intermolecular. Interactions
"F~raluation oi' intex~c~l.ecalar Ir..-L-sractions in a Liquid Ac-
cording to the A'~r~orptio:c Spectrum of Atomic Mercury," Try
K. Mustaf. i , Tech. ?.ap. Tadzh. un-t, i957~ 10, 133-137 (frrom
Referativnyy 7h~lrn.a,:L-.-:~'izi:ra., No 5, May 59, Abstract No 1169?)
A review is presentzd of works devoted to the study of jnt~.rmolaov=a,~?
interactions in liquids from absorption spectra of solutions of neutral
atoms (ir., particLlar mercury) in various solvents. Because opiraons a.~~s
different concern~.ng the na,tUxe of the double absorption band cf solt~.tions
of atomic mercury in Yle:ta*sz, methyl alcohol, and water, the author r~tudied
the absor.?ption :ype: ~~tx-~un of mercury solution in ethyl alcohol at a tA,mpor>z-?
tore of 60^C by using a nho?tographic method. The accuracy oz the deter-?
urination of the maxjsnum is ~ 5 4. The absorption spectrlun exhib:;.ts twc?
bands of maximum at 2535 and `575 A. The distance between tY~e maxima.
agrees w-1.th knoTan data on tb.e cornertion of the magnitude of the i?.sr_d
splitting and the value of ?the dipole moment of the solvent. The adcl.~.-?
tion to the solution of small. amounts of impurities does not affe ?!-, -t:!1r
position of the maxima of absorption.
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IX. TrLISCELLANEOUS
159. New Soviet Scientific Institutes To Be Organized in Near Future
(Untitled and unsigned articles) Tallin, Sovetskaya Eston-
iy~a, 8 Jan 59, 13 Jan 5g; Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya,
29 Mar 59
The following Soviet scientific research ~.nstitutes have been pro-
posed and are to be established during 1959-1961:
Physicotechnical Institute (Fizikotekhnicheskiy Institut), Academy
of Sciences Estonian SSR, Tallin. (Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 8 Jan 59)
Scientific Research Electrical Engineering Institute, (Nauchno.-
Issledovatel'skiy Elektrotekhnicheskiy Institut) and Scientific Research
Shale Institute (Nauchno-IssledoVatel'skiy Slantsevoy Institut) both to
be subordinate to the Estonian Sovnarkhoz in Tallin. (Tallin, Sovetskaya
EeLoniya, 13 Jan 59)
Institute of Nuclear Physics (Institut Yadernoy Fiziki), Academy of
Sciences Belorussian SSR; and Institute of Botany (Institut Botaniki),
Institute of Zoology and Parasitology (Institut Zoologii i Parazitologii),
Institute of Physiology and Microbiology (Institut Fiziologii i Mikro-
Liologii), Institute of Genetics and Cytology (Institut Genetiki i Tsitol-
ogii), and Institute of Experimental Medicine (Institut Eksperimental'noy
Mec~.itsiny) all subordinate to the Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR.
(Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 2g Mar 59)
160. Two New Institutes Established in Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR
(Untitled and unsigned article) Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka,
8 Feb and 13 Feb 59 -`
Two new scientific research institutes have been established in the
Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR:
The Institute of Mechanics (Institut Mekhaniki), Academy of Sciences
Uzbek SSR, and the Institute of the Chemistry of Polymers (Institut
Khimii Polimerov), Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR.
Uscor~~DC-60,711
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