SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100210001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
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• Document Page Count: 91
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 4, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 19, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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19 D:E~-EMBER ~.9:~$,
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCIEl~1"TIFI~
:~~1'~"?RMA'T'IOII~'" REP?RT
Distributed Only By
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
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Use of funds for printing thiti publ~.cation approved by the
Director of the Bureau of the Budget July 31, 1958.
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This report presents unevalua~;ed information extxac?ted from
r~ecen?tly received publications of ?die USSR, Eastern Europe, and
China. The informa~L-:ton selected is intended. to indicate current
scientific developments and activi ties in the USSR, in the S3.no-
Soviet Orbit countries, tznd in Yugoslavi~~, and is disseminated
as an aid to United States Govcrrvuent research.
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT
Pale
T.
Astrono~r~y
l
II.
Biology
3
III.
Chemistry
1~
IV.
Electronics
21F
V.
Engineering
35
VI.
Ma~L-hematics
37
VII.
Medicine
39
VIII.
Metallurgy
61E
Ih.
Physics
68
X.
Miscellaneous
87
NOTE: Items in this report are numbered. consecutively.
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I. ASTt~oNONIY
1. Spectrograph o:f Kuchino Observatory
"lii.gh Light-Power Nebular Spectrograph of Kuchino Astronomical
Ob;~erva.tory," by N. N. Pariyt~lciy. Soobshch. Gos. astron.
in-ta im. P. K. Shternberga, 195'(, No 101-102, 3-32 from Re-
ferativnyy Zhurnal -- As~tra_nomiya i G~odeziyaL No 9, Sep 58,
Abstract No 5771
The high light-power r~ bular spectrograph of the Kuchino observatory
was con~~~tructed by the author for observations of total solar eclipses.
The dispersing system is composed of three prisms of uviol glass with re-
fracting angles of 45?. 7'ho high transparency of the prisms permits ob-
taanin~; spectra up to wavelength 3500. The light beam after the nebular
slit cro;;ses the prism system, the Schmidt lens, and, after having been
reflected by the spherical mirror, focuses on the cylindrical surface of
tYle box. The maximum deviation of the cylindrical surface of the box from
the spherical f'r.~cn,.7. surface is 0.01 mm. The focal length of the camera
objective is 200 mm; the nebular slat is at a distance of 20 meters from
the camera; the operating light power of the spectrograph is 1:2.71+; the
di~ipersion is 65 A/mm at H a; the real purity of the spectrum is p =
~~~ ~ -~ 1000 ( for ~ - 36~0~.
The spectrograph may be -?ocussd on infinity and on the slit. In the
First sass the efs"icasrit operating field of the spectrograph equals 8 - 10'
which corresponds to 0.35 mm on the. film. In this section averaging of
the spFCtrum occur, covexing a magnitude of several tens. of angstroms.
This involves gre;~.t difficultaeU in proc~assing. Therefore, the focusing
on iniinity may be of interest only during photography of chromospheric
or?scents, becaus it cxcl.udes thy; other half of chromospheric rings.
During the focu~~ing of the upectrogra.ph on the slit the averaging region
for e2.~.;h elumant of the .lit ??e~pres~ents an ellipse elongated along the
slit with axe^-, .~ = 14' .1 a.nd B = 12'1+. The whole slit cuts on the slsy
a little. band 12'1+ wide and 58' . 3 long .
'I'h~ slits of the spectrograph arA exchangeable. For the calibration
of upectra, a stage slat is used. The supply is provided by means of a
coeloNtat and supplementary mirror~.t. The spec?..rograph has a searcher.
The construction of the ~;peetrograph is described in detail as well as
its usp under i'i~sld conditions .
The spectrograph was u;a.~d for the: observation of the total solar
eclipsQ on 21 September 191+1 near Alms.-Ata. During later observations
of aclip:.;es the transition from the nebular method to the s:Lit with
supplying objective and collimator was madE. In 1954 the supplying optics
and the ~.ollimator optics were replaced by mirrors.
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2. Obsarva~L-ions by ?tY~e_Kuchino Sp~~ctrogra~h
"Observations of 'the Total. Solar Eclipse of 2l September 1941
With L-he Nebular Sp~~ctrogr~aph," by N. N. Pariyslciy, Soobshch.
Gos. a,st;ron. in-ta imeni P. K. ShternberQa. 1957, No 101-102,
33-5 from RE:t?'era_tivnLhurnal -- Astronomi a i Geodezi a.
No 9, "ep 58, .Abstract No 5
Ouservatio:a~ of thy: total. Solar eclipse 21 azptember 1941 by means
o:C 'the nobu).ar sp~~ctr. ogr. r~ph ox"' the Kuchino obser*ratory (see preceding
item) are reported. Tho observations were carri~:d out by the expedition
of -L-he State Astronomical Iristit~.rt,e imeni Shternberg near the mountains
of Zailiyskiy Ala.-Tau (~ ~ 1301:1.' ll" + 3" North latitude; ~ = +7~?57'a8" + 4"
East longitude; 1~I = 1253 m ? 20 m). The astronomical. conditions of the
ecl:i.pse ate reportr~d. Thr, tirni.ng d~?termination of the second contact is
dealt with in de?ta;i:~. Tl~e author rna.de use o:Y observational data on the
chromoepher. e spect5.?urn and. the solar limb obtained by V. G. Fesenkov by
means of tho slit spec:trogra.ph. The timing of the second contact was
deternuned from thPSO spectra as well as the timing of the vanishing of
tho continuous spectz~wn of the phoi;osphere, taking into account correc-
tions fnr the z~elief oi' the lunai~ limb. The profile of the li~nar limb is
computed from charts by I3ayn. The observed timing of the second contact
was lagging, by comprzxisnn with that precomputed by A. A. Mikhaylov, by
1.B soc.,which corresponds to a decrease of the correction admitted by
Mik;laylov for the lunax? coordinates ~o(.Q of 0" .9 . Amore important cor-
rection obtainod by N. G. Gusev (Trudy ckspeditsiy po_nablyudeniyu polno~o
s_oln~rhno~o zra,tmeniV:, a.l _21 S4~omb~~^ 1941 [Transactions of the Expedition
for ObUervation of the Total Solar Eclipse, 21 September 1941], 1949)
(~oC ~ = -3" .7; hoc Q =~ + 1" .2) evidences according to the author, an un-
at:Lsfa.ctory accuracy ~.n de:tel~rnining the errors of lunar coordinates from
measu~?cments of crescents during the eclipse.
Fo:~? i~~P picturos of the-, co:~:?ona data on the start and the end of
the exposure, width of 'the s:1it, f~7cusing of the spectrograph (on the
slit or on the sky), and the po3ition oi' the slit are given.
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TT. }3TOLOGY
3. Tndir~~c~t Effect of Rad9.oae~tive Sulfur on Plants Aggravated
"Reaction of Plants to Radioactive Effect of S35 During the
First and Second Generations," by Prof A. G. Shestakov,
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences; G. F. Tvanova, Candidate
of Agricultural Sciences; and N. T. Shmel'Icova, junior
ocien?tific aesociate; Moscow, Tzves?ti a Timir azevslco
Se1'slcokhozyaystvennoy Alcademii, No 23 , 195 , pp 2g-CFO
Tes?L-s were conducted on peas, oats, and wheat to determine the in-
direct effect of radioactive sulfur on first and second generations.
Results indicate that wheat is the most sensitive and peas the least
sensitive to radioactive effec ~ of sulfur. Dar~aging effects (change of
color an:d form of leaves ) of S~5 were first seen in each of the three
plants tested when using a dose equal to 0.5 millicuries per vessel of
plants. The degree of injury differed and imrersely paralleled the radio-
sensitivity of the plants (wheat yield 37~, oats 68?b, and peas 90~} The
deleterious effects of radioactive sulfur are not limited to the first
generation, bu?t are transferred, through seeds, to the second generation
in which they are intensified.
- 3 -
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TIT. r:l-~?:S~I'F?:Y'
Cs,-c~~:Lysi s
1E. F:t':fect a1 ti Cond.iti~n_C on L-h- ~ '^
of Go.t ~- ray ,~ ~i~:L~: ux? l,ant~~~nt of a BASium-
Alumino??V~nad3u.?n s~i1li'ux~ic A~ic1 (:ai;a:.%;y_,_t. `-?-?-'.._"'.. --__.._-
? "Inv~.,sti~ation of 1-.11cT I;f:c'c:~:~l, n?? C;atr ~ ytic Conditions on the
Su'' cur Content in a. I3t;:r.~ium-.A7,tunino-V;~.zn~idium Sulft~s~:lc Acrid
Cats-i:l.y~t.," by B. P. Korneicln~lc, V. A. Baiter, N. A. Stulcanov-
slcaya, P. B. Rz;ic:v, ;3.nd Y'a.. iT. ZhiL,~,ilo, ~?oble Kinotiltii
i Kataliza,, Vol. - 1 -"-""_ .--
9, =t-95'T, 1'I~ 3%9-336 ~ t'x?om R;~:ro~? ~,tiyr~yy Zh7arnal.
Kh:im~yr~,, V~o7. 1'7, :LO Sep ;i~', Abc~i;,~~,ct; t~TO y~9~~y M. Ssl.hsrov
Cho,nget3 in th~s cont~:;n't of S ].n r~, bs~~ ium-al.umina?-v7,nad:ium sulfuric acid
cat~lys~t (lt) in contort ~ri'tli mixi.ur :_ Uf S0~ (:L) o,nd air watt studied by
means of radioactive indica'L-cr:T cmplayin~ (:L) ta~E~r-.d with 535. It was F:s-
tablished that 'L?hF cha.:nee i.rA the roncentra~tiar~ of (1,) in mixtiu?as o:F (1)
and a:i.r us~~3 for. 'treating (lt) ~,t j00?C dog:s no?t ex~art any apprecitlblr ef-
'r'ect on l;he quo.n.'ti?ty at' S bound by (lc). Tn t:cEa?tmc_~t c,f.' (k) with mixtures
of (1) and a.ir. c~:f' idcntic-~1 campcsit.ion, ?I;hc: qu=Ln'ti ?l~y of S bound to (ls)
roarhed o, minim~.un at ;;?.Oc'. Cho,r~r;,, i,~ t,h,,~ c;~nt~~:~'t of S in (k) do not ex-
ert ~Y appraciob:Lc~ c:E':t.~,c't ~~n th~a c:,~,ta:i.ytic, ,., :tiv t ~
'i .y ~!' ~ lc) .
Ch.emistr~r a?'ld Tc..hnol.c~y of F~c~ls and Prope?_iants
Y'u. C?. Mameda3i ev's Wc~~ls in tho ?!`ic:?.d o:f Pc.t~?oc':h~_mis'l,z? and
- - - .. - aY ,_.._.. ~_Cls
"Elec?r,ian af.' Ac~,dr-:rni~~i~.nr ~.nd C+~r.?~~,.:,~,:;p~~ndin.~~ Momb~~~x?~~ c:~ the;
Ac:-tdr::my of Sc_ _~c:e;; tTSSR" (un,i~r.~.cd ;~,r.?ti~:? ~~ ); Mc~.~cc~w, Tw~,:~tiya
Akad.cniii ATa~ilc ~SS,.iR; ~?td~len:i:ye IQiiir!ic he:slcikl~ Nauk, N~ g, Sep 5$,
IMP ~ 13~-s.15~ _ ._
Y'u. v. M;amc~ara,:Liycv i:. a p?:?rmi~nc;~it ~sp~:::i~,1.i~.t is tti19 ~~i~~3.d crF pet?^o
leum
chAmistry. Hiw wa:~~lt orn t:hn ~a?.1:ylo.ti.~n ai' ~r;:,mr-,?t;iC T,a?:~;~;f7'inic>, and cyclo-
pa::?afrini:: h.ycti??oca??:~ons i'~:armed th~. bra.:;'.~: ~:~~:c? ind~;~trl,s.'3. ~,rntn.~r~c:s of. high..
qur:l.i'ty components e:~; :~vi~ztio:n ftt ~~:i; . i~'ani~~d,:~.7.iyev wi,:: ~;w~~,:r.?a.ed th~~ StFa:l.in
Pz?ir:~ for this work. I3~ a2so ;:~;: r~ic.d out exec-;nr:ivc:~ ir_vrWt3.~;ationt:, on the
allcylation o:f? ber,tr-,nc rand its. d.~:-~iva,i.7vo, .,nd c:? n}aphtlza?_ene, a:r_thracene,
phena,threnn, a,nd of G ni~rnbc~r ct' ,~y-::Lr~,?-ies _c'o:L3.c.,tia~:d liy t:c?~~,n1J'ormation cif,
the rosul.ting a?liy:l.-rubst:itut;~d hydr.?c;carbaYe i.ritc th~~ cc-rx~::cponding allzyl.?-
aryl 3ulfonatc:s of a.if:P::Y~~nt mets.Zs, with the re:~uZt that ne?~fr monomers and
emulsifiers for the: 'rubber indu~tr.;y crc~re ~;vntrr-~;;i~;nct and ci':?'c ~~~tiv% s.ddi-
ti-~c:s for ?Lhe imps. oveivc.zt of ' th~~ ~quaii-~~;;r of :Luba i~a~tir_g . oi.? c asci :~'ues":~
deveiopcd.
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M~,n~rlfil:ty~:v'r~ .r.~,~~~;a,.rch on trio l~i,a,:!.oLnaL-ion oa petroleum ga,seo is +of
L-!?a~~.~t tlic:o:rol,i+~.~ ttind pr~ar.L-i~^a,7. impax?ta,n~~c' ro:~? tho p~~?-l;rochomica,1 industry.
A nwribr;r. of ~~r. c~~:~:~;ar~a dc~v~:ioped by M,~ncdtk~.iyFV l~iae; bean adapted for appli-
cr.+l.:i.oxl nr..ac;~:? p7~ocluc;I,:i.o~~ conditions {+~. ~;., '~i:000;C?95e~~ for tho production
of c;~?bc+n tctrwclil.c~rido, rnc~thyl ~~hl~~:~id~~, methylene: bromide, etc. ). Maane-
da.:i.yev Yta3 c~onductod extensive invr:~7~t;ig:~.tionr on the catalytic conversion
of pF:tr. ol~.um pr. oduct~~, tla.w d~~vc: Lo+pm~~nt o:C m~~t.lods for. the production of
high-qua~.ity ~'uel~: tox? rc-,a.~,~l-.:ion mo?tnr;3, t~.nd +,h~~ nynthosis of detergents
deriv::d fr.?am by-pr. oduct:~ o th~~ petx?ol:.um industry.
Mamr-.dnliy~~v has puli_~?~~~}.~;;d more than 1,00 sriontific axticles and a
rnlmbe;:~ of monogr.?aphs .
At a ~;rnex?t17_ mr~,:;ting o4 the .A~:;a,domy ox' S+~ic~nce;, USSR held on 20 June 1958,
l;he elec;~,3c>n of M~,m~_ dy:.+ Z,yc:v ~zs Gr~x?x'espor.,ding Member of the Academy of Sci-
onc.?:s USSR ire tho sp:?~ial.i~a+~d br?ar..c:h of tc-;~;hnicad. chemistxy by thc~ Dopast-
mcn-l-. o:f.' Ghemica:L S~?ience;,, wa~. oanL'i~^mr::d.
C . U:.e oi' M:~~thane; and Platur;;~:.' Gas a~~ Automobile del in Moscow
"Mir.?a,culous Cy:i.indr~r," (ur~si~;n,~d ax?~ti~:1~~); Moscow, Znaniye -
Si1.a_., ~''ol 3a, Nc: 1.0, Oot ~s~ p 31
"At pros~~ixt ~tho fix?;;t lot oi' m~:tha,nc: x~~~~'x?igerator trucks is being
bui_1.t a.t Mo;;~:oza on th~~ ba;i5 of C.AZ?-;.,1 zrehiclo~. The ga,5 cylindr~r auto-
motive ~rehicle:~7 ZIZ,-15o and i~AZ-51.Fi, whi~~h epc~ratc on compr.~ssed natural
ga.C, and the vehi;;:L~~s ZZL~-156A and GAZ-?51.Zh, which are adapted to the use
oflique:fic~d La.~, ax?~^ al,:?;:.ady being e,upplic-d."
CPYRGH
f ~'o~? adcl~tic~nsa:1. ir~'ox?m.~a,~tior. oti thy: +:;hemi:~t:Y?y ~~,nd t~-:~:hno;i.ogy o:f' ftze3,a
and prop~:?11.3.,~.t~;, t,c;,. It^n-~ No ~2. J
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Cluxn~.;?i;?`: e~,nCl 'L~c~chn.olo~,}r ,:,x Nu?l.erzt? :[!~zels
F.tnrl Rc~a~~ cox Ca114; t:~?ucton Materialr~
'(.. RJ~art;~ Re;i.rzted tc T1ucl.oax? Lnc:~r Il.:e?ylc~nt~:nts Given at the 0th
Anniver.:~Criu~ress of the .A.~Y:{ociation ai' Hun~;aa.?ian Chemists Buda-
"Quaaiti tativ~~ T~termination o1' Ur~.a.niurn by a Procedure Involving
-the U,~c.~ of ,a Complex-:Pornring ~~E:nt a,nd un Ton Exchange Resin,"
by M. Fodor, Cr~ntr:~:i, Physics R~ s~c:~irch T.nstitute, Hungarian
Acaderr~;r of Sc;ien~~es ; I3udap,ying el~:m~4nt;~ which interYcre with the quantita-
tive dc?tc~:rn~i.nt,,tion of uranium or. make thin determination impossii~le are
~~onvertFCl a:t pIi '._ '~ into ~a salt o:l' the complex-:forming agent. Then these
elements .a.r?e ~;epa:rat-td i'r, om. u:r:~,nilun on an U.Gic7%e ion-exchanger (Amberlite
TRC-rU). Thy: a,dsorb~d ur~~niulu i~j th~~~r~~~~.r.. -1.7,5Ti__ _..__._._.
S. S. Medv:~dev ie+ c;n,w o:!' tha :1.~~~ading ; ~::i~~ntir.~;t,~ :~rtivr in the field
of th? chemi?try o!' high-molec:ul~.r ,?ontpound~a.. H~a~ in j4t~pc=r..i+a:l.ly we1L known
becai.tse of h:(.e; r.~a~iti:ar?r.h ::rt pol,yrn~:.ri -:~.zi:,ion pra+.:t:~~c-,~~s. Mr.dv ~1d:~v ha,s deva:l.opcd
~. theoz?y of pol.yzn~-^x~:iz~,tion ~p7?o~-,~:s-;++~ whi~::h in r~ppli~~d ;ucr..esyfully :1n the
solution of ~, nurubr~r oP prFl~:ti+_a:l. pr ~+blemy p~:,rtaining try the production
of p1e.tic;:d~:v9~; wnrlc on e~mul.,=.~ion palym~:ri~a-
~tion i~; of ms,~}or ;c?.i:~ntix'i r; ;z,nd. pi?;~,e~hi^..:~i import.~,nc~:~ Ac; a z^esu~.t of this
work, new c:on~~+spt;; w~:rc t:'az~mu~..n,t:~d in r~_gN:r~d to the m~_ .:han.-l'.dm of thy, proc-
esses involv~^d. S~n,~-rr.;:.1, 'Lnw~a could thins b ~::=t:~,b:l.i~h~ed whir^h ~xpi.~,i.n thF:
experimental.. r~1.~,tion~:;hip:; ab:~rv.1~d. V~::r~y intr~r~cyting is M,:.dv~d~zv?~ 2?E-
search on ionic polyma.r~izs.tion, Mj4idv~~d?~~v ~synth~=_siz,~e~d .for. the first tim~*
new e;Lt~stic ms.teri;~:~.r. whi~.~h hev:~; a, high it:;~.t :r.?-,:;i~,t.~,n,~,~:.
NF~w and vai.ur~.b1.~., r~~~su:? is w ~.: ~:~1,-c...ixi~:d by M,edv~:^dev in trio field of
radiation ~w~h:~~mistry. H~-; found m~:ttsc~d~~ :'or ~:a'f;;ctiv~~: r._adiation-'~c~humi~~a.1
polym~:rize,tiort o:i' thy_.~:n:; x,~~~ul.ti.r.~g i.rz th~~ :rbrmati.on c;{' c: r~y~ts,7L.1.in~:y
paly?1-hyl~~r.~;. Sp~.:ifi., :h~.r.~,~~t~~r~i:.;ti~.:.. or i;h~: cr.~or;~-~_inking o:f' o'
~,; ~ p lymc~r
chain;, unds:.r the: a:aian of zl~l".:i_~:9.r .::;,:,3i,.~tion w~;::z"; inv~-:c;tige.t:_?d. The
nati:r= e? t'r~ ~ 9r~t7.on a~' r~~a,di?~.tY:^rt c~~~ mu:+_.tir..c~mpar.:~rt ~y~~t~:m~:: way ;;tudi mod.
It wa establi:=;h~-'d i~a thi> wo:rlc that t~n~~ ::,i'~::~a pz?c~du~_.~d is=.,; dui: to a,
redistribution a't' thy: .r~.ciiztir~n ~::a~,=:r~gy o~igiizs:i.ly sb..:r~bsd e,s ~~, r^,~ult
o:' primary a.~tian o*' ry,ciiQa.tion. Worlc by A4~adv~=:d~1r on thN the-:rmo- oxicls,tive
decomposition c.F pal.ym:r; with the pu~~pc~_;~e ui' t:n~~ir~ ~:tabi.Y.iz,ation i~ pro-
ceeding 9u::c~;=: _,~.;;:u11y~
Th` work by M-:.~dv~d'-;v s,n.d 11i.:. pupi:L.:: its ~~+.~~::rting a. grc-:e.t infi.u~~nt
on the dev,_lopm~:nt o:F i-,h~ rh~:ary c,:;' .:h-:mi~::x. kir..:;t~:-,., cf:f'ec't o:P Impurities on Chemical Bonding of Aluminum
"Present-Day Ideas in Regard tc Aspects of Bonding Which In-
fluence the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Pure
Aluminum Contt~,in9.n~; Differer_t Itnpuri'ties," by K. R. Vassel,
Metal Industry Institute at Budapest; Budapest, Ma air K~emiai
I'olyoirat, Vol 61~, No 7-t3, Jul-Aug 58, pp 262-2G3
Classical concapts in regard 'to the number of bonding electrons do
no't suffice to explain 'the electric conductivity and chemical inertness
charac'teristi.cs which reflect condi'Lions par?taining to chemical bonding
in pure aluminum and on the surface of aluminum. Present-day theore-ticr~.7.
views on the sub,Ject tape into conside:cation the structure and degree of
filling of slectron shells. In the case of aluminum a number of bonding
electrons amounting to 3 and t-o 1.2-1.3 is obtained. This is in agree-
ment with theory and c:tporimcntal results.
(This paper saes presented at the 50th Anniversary Congress of the
Association of Hungarian Chemists hsld at Budapest 12-19 May 1958?)
MiscellanPOUs
2~. Martin Tzrailevich Kabachnilc
"Electtions of Academicians atzd Corresponding Members of the
Academy of :sciences USSR" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Izvestiya Akaden-ii Naulc SSSR Otdeleni e Khimicheskikh Nauk,
No g, yep 5~ pp 1.1.3 -11 g
Acc;ordir~g to this report, Martin Izrailevich Kabachnilc was elected
Academician of the Academy of Sciences USSR during the elections held
16-20 June 1958. His specialization is organic chemistry.
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M. I. Kabaclcn;.lc is one of the grsate~st Soviet organic chemists, lcnown
for his investigations in th.~ field of theoretical organic chemistry and
the chemistry of organophosphorus compounds: the author of more than 170
sr?ientific works. The labors of M. I. Kabachnilc in organic chemistry were
devoted to the study of problems of tautomerism and double reaction proc-
esses. lIe : developed ?the quan~tita~tive theory of tautomeric equilibrium,
as in ~Lhe protolithic acid-base equilibrium. The application of this
theory to solve defin:tte problems c# tautomcriam and problems in the ch.Pmis-
try of tautomeric substances has given important rasults. Problems were
solved involving the acid:Lc properties of separate ketone and enol forms,
the influence of this acidity on the equilibrium ~;?tate, o,nd the role of
the solvent. I-Ie issued the theoretical result of earlier lcnown empirical
formulas; he developed new potentiomatric and calorimetric methods of
determining the tautomeric, equilibriuun constant. Lately, Kabachnilc has
been systematically investigating the guantitativr~ bond of the structure
of tautomeric i'axnis and the equilibrium ;,fate. M. I. Kabachnilt's thoughts
about the problem concerning the participation of both geometric enol
isomers in the tautomeric lteto-enol. equilibrium are interesting.
The synthetic investigations of Martin Izrailevich Kabachnilc in the
field of organophosphus compounds were conduc~L?ed for the purpose of find-
ing r..e~a practical, important substances, namely, with physiological ac-
tivity, and to devise new methods o:E' synthesis . He .found a series of new
methods of synthesis for organophosphorus compounds and reall.ized ?the syn-
thesis of many new ?types of. such substa*~ces. During the Patriotic War,
Kabachnilc accomplished a series of synthetic investigations for which he
was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1916. Systematic investigations involving
the synthesis of new organophosphorus insecticides, sta.~?ted by Kabachnilc
and his associates in 1953, produced new ins~~;cticides which wea:?e a,s active
as those known previously, but which were less toxic to '.iumans and animals.
In this endeavor, over 200 new insecticides were studied and tested. One
of these: prepara~iony, "MF31", has been recommended for use in agriculture,
and its manufacturing has begun.
Kabachnilc completed many investigations in synthesizing and studying
the properties of a(.,-aminophosphinous aoid. These labors led t~o the de-
velopmerit of organophosphorus complexes which exhibit high complex forming
capacity. In a11, M. I. Kaba,chnik and his associates have synthesized
over 700 new organophosphorus compounds, part of which have considerable
practical intex~est.
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25. Conference on I~Iigh Polymers
"Conference o:~ Cl:emi.s~ts" (unsl.gnecl ~trti.cle); Moscow, Tzvestiyrx,
30 see 5~, n 1
"Y~u oslavl' (29 September) -- A scientific technical, conference con-
vened by the Ministry of Highe~? Education USSR and the A11-Union Chemical
Society itneni Mendeleyev, was opened here today. The conference is dedi-
cated to current problems in the chemical industry -- the synthesis of
derivative products for producing high polymers.
Sciertis~ts of 'the Academy of Sciences USSR, the scientific research
institlates, industry, academies of sciences of the union republics, and
many higher teaching establishments, and scientific representatives from
Czechoslovalci.a are participating in the conference.
Fif~L-y-one reports werN rresented. Among these are the report of
A.. N. Nesmey~anov, president of 'the Academy of"Sciences USSR; A. V.
Topchiyev; vice-president of the Acaderr~y of Sciences; Yu. G. Mamedaliyev,
presiden~L- of the Academy of Sciences Azerbaydzhan SSR; and other prominent
scientists."
CPYRGHT
26. Institute of Shales Ox? ~anized in Kolchtla-Yaxve, Estonian SSR
"Institute of Shales Has Begun to Operate" (unsigned article);
Ta11i.n, Sovetskaya Estoni a, 6 Sep 5~, p 2
An Institute of Shales (Institut Slantsev) [Scienti:fic Research In-
stitute for Mining and Processing of Shale (Nauchno-Tssledovatel'skiy
Institut po Dobyche i Perera.botlcc Slantsev)] has been organized in Kokhtla-
Yare, Estonian SSR. Yc;. F. Petulchov, the dis?ector, claims that the insti-
tute will conduct theorotical re~.,eas?ch on the problem of mining and proc-
essin shale. The institute has had transferred to it the laboratories,
e~uipmen~L-, and top personnel of the former All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Proc~ssin~ Sha1.e, located in Leningrad.
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VT . ELi~:CTRONICS
Commu.nicntion3
27. Advantaged of Exponential. Detectors
"Simultaneous Detection of Signal, Undt~mped Interference,
and Fluctuating NoiC~e With I:xi~oncntial Detector,?f by M. ;.
N~mirov:~lciy; Moscow; T1.ektrosvyaz', No 11, Npv 58, ~p 9-17
The article anr:llyzes the performance of an exponential detector
fox? asses of low :ir;tenc:ity signal and fluctuating noise and for all
intensities of undamped interference.
When i;he frequency difi'erence between the signal and interference
is Such thdt the resulting beat frequency falls outside the bandpass of
the filter, then the detrimental effect due to the i~.icreased fluctuating
noise from the beat frequency of undamped interference and noise becomes
noticeable. This undesirable effect can be greatly reduced by uti Ltzing
nonlinear elements with appropriate characteristics, such as exponential
detectors, which are superior in many respects to conventional linear and
quadratic detectors. Tn an exponential detector the signal-to-noise
ratio approaches a certain finite lianit, below which it does not fall
irrespective of the magnitude of interference.
The performance of exponential detectors was initially studied by
the Soviet scientists Ye, G. Momot, A. G. Bakanov,, and A. D. Knyazev.
28. Modern Television Transmitters
'?Constructiona]_ Features of Modern Television Transpni.tters,"
by A, I. Lebedev-Kremanov;, Moscow. Elektrosvyaz', No 11,
Nov 58, pp 36-44
The article discusses in general the modern trends of television
transmitter design in the USSR and abroad. The article contains the
following passages:
"Favorable results are expected (roan utilization of the new method
proposed in the USSR for feeding dipoles of a television array antenna,
which will assure multiple compensation of reflections from the antenna.
Methods of pre emphasis in auxiliary circuits by means of suitable dis-
tortion of transient characteristic of the preceeding video channel are
also ~examired. However, i;he hi~7hESt hops are centered.on the USSR pmpps~l
fo.r construction of the outp:tt s ;rage of TV t.r3nsmittera ~,r11;h a spoc:Ial echc-
absorptaoncircuit. '1'hementioned stake is divided into two equal independent
CPYRGHT
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un~,ke~ ~rrk~aich are excited with a phase ahi:ft of g0?, and are afterward
~~c?irh L ric:;:l, wrA~th an inverse ,~~ropagatd.ora difi'erenee of a quarter wave in
a br?:'.~:~.N;.~?-type device. It. is cagy to see that, if a reflected signal
fr,orir~.n antenna will arrive at such a circuit, it will be fully absorbed
~.n. ?r,~~ ; l~~:~ w,~,a.st re3istor o.f ttre bridge. If~ti:LiSation of such layout is
F'i~.I?r-?? ~~s.,~:.~,.?_y convenient in the design of transmitters on the principle of
,(?!'~~~+'~:.r r+~?.~~iti.ons ~combinatioils]; i,n such a cage practically no additional
~~c~7r_~}~,r,~,.~~t, is required."
":~:t :ihoul.d be noted that for the conditions existing in the USSR,
whtir'c !;}Ze ms.nufacture of TV broadcasting stations is attaining a series
sca?_e ~~:r^. production, the problem of rational selection of power capacity
oi' compa:~ent unitrs has s,equired great practical significance. Of' course,
the m~ ~;s : fi as~-ortant achievement would be the building of an efficient
brosl~v~~T.3ting r_etwaxk. If this could be combined with a reasonably small
nuu!be :? of typer~ of transmitters in use, a substantial economy in manufactur-
irxg rr~,_i?.d 1,)~: acY;ieved. ~~
CPYRGHT
Computers and Automation
~:g? ~ie~ar D:I~tt~:i._ Automatic Compensator Described
'~C;r.~.~.~.~~:~rxii,ng a Digital Automatic Compensator Having ~a
~i:?.nasy-Decimal Soule," by G. V. Dex-?sharts and K. A.
N~:tsz?~;berko; Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, No 9, Sep 58,
p?? ?'?9
TY!^: :f nt:r.?~Yluction to the article follows.
"'.tin. re~c~:nt years several constructions for automatic potentiometers
with ~.?.-:~,~.,.,~~t,e Scales, sometimes ca? led digital voltmeters, have been
":fin our' work a digital automatic compensator is described in which
a biu~.r. ~.r????:~~;~~imal compensating device is used and in which all the switches
in t}?.!it .C~Tca:r,laTirig circuits are actuated by standard electromechanical
rez_~,;; ~; ~ ~~~a_:a the work by K. A. Netrebenko, An Automatic Potentiometer
of T.'~~.;,:~;:-~: ~:?i,~ Action, Patent No 1J~85o, effective since 26 February 1957,
Avt~c:,:c~;?.?3, ^x~eakiy potentsiometer diskretnogo deystviya, Avtorskoye svidetel??-
st'v'r:: N^. _? ?.?850, priorit?et of 26/II 1957) . The apparatus is adapted
fc+.^ ?-~c:.Nk w:Lth a device printing the result by decimal digits on paper
CPYRGHT
~. 2 5 _
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30? Sc:a:Le Liner~rizrition f'or lutomatic Control Devices
"Cc~tare~rning a Rationfll Method of Linearizing the Scales of
Automatic Control DevicE~s, by L. A. Voronlcov; Moscow,
Pribor,c~e~~l,rayenoye, No 9r Sep 58, pp 12-.15
Autom~~t,;?c compensating control devices are extensively used in
te.hriology for thr:~ measuring and recording of small voltages and the
electromotive force of a d~.rect current, generated by different trans-
ducers. These devices find especially wide industrial application
for the measurement and recording of various nonelectrical quantities
transformed into electrical quantities 'by transducers.
Often, the automatic compensating devices of balancing operate
in a set with transducer having nonlinear characteristics. In this
case the scale of the device is also nonlinear, which is inadmissible
for a series of cases. Thus, for example, on summing, for distant
transmission of readings and especially during utilization of automatic
devices in a numter of measuring transformers of nonelectric quantities
into standard electrical quantities it is necessary to have a nonLtnear
depe;zdence between the measured nonelectrical and the reading device or
the voltage of the transducer. For that reason in the Asst linearized
scales have been widely utilized for automatic devices.
The present work is devoted to an analysis of the errors and the
choice of greatest rational parameters of the automatic set devices of
balancing during linearization of the scales.
Instruments and Equipment
31. Instrument for Measurement of Exkra~-Large Resistances
"Method and Instruments for Measuring,Resistance up to 101 Ohms,"
by G. F. Pankratov and T. B. RoThdestvenskaya~ Moscow, Izmeritel'naya
Tekhnika, No 5, Sep-Oct 58, PP X7??50
Rerenf,.ly9 at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Metrology
imeni D. I. Mendeleyev (VNTIM), an instrument for measuring resistances
up to 1Q1~+ ohzas was designed. The operation of the instrument is based
on discharge of a capacitor at constant potential.
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The nu3ira compoxi~:zxts a2' the instrument are a measuring air capacl,tor
oiA var~.abla cnpacitanee, rxul indicator, power supply battery, and voltage
divider. The UBS-1 instrument was designed by the authors of the article
and L. S ~ Levin and S. Ya. Pol,yalcov. The instrument was manufactured. at
the "Etaloti" Plant. The s,ccurs,cy o:P' the instrument; is in the range of
0.2?-0.5',x, high resistance ,s?tandarfts of lU x 108, 10 x lOg, 10 x 1010,
and 1.0 x loll. oluns were developed at the samN time.
32 ? Ma~rnetlc Gas Analyzers for the Determination of Oxy~zen
"New Magnetic Gas Anal.yzexs," by R. Sh. Perlovskiy and M.
K. Yarmak; Mo3cow, PriborostroyeniYe, No g, Sep 58, PP 3-7
MGK-2 thermomagnetic gas analyzers with an annular chamber, which
are supplied by the experimental Design Bureau of Automatics (OKBA),
ar,~ suitable fcr indicating and controlling the oxygen content within
the range from 0~, to 40-50~. They are not suitable for use at higher
concentrations of oxygen (partic:ularly in the control of the purity
of oxygen), because the sensitivity of the analyzer drops at higher con-
centrations. To make possible indication and control of the oxygen con-
tent in any gas mixtures and at any concentrations of oxygen, OKBA is
developing magnetic gas analyzers of two types: MGK-3, an explosion-
proof device: for the determination of oxygen in amzl.ticomponent mixtures;
and MGK-4, a device for the control of the purity of oxygen.
The thermomagnetic principle is not applicable to the analysis of
oxygen in multicomponent systems: the operation of the MGK-3 device is
based on differences in the resistance to the flow of gas in a magnetic
field that are produced by changes in the oxygen content of the gas. The
MGK-4 gas analyzer operates on ttie thex?momagnetic principle and represents
a modified NIGK-2 device in which increased sensitivity in the range of
high oxygen concentrations is achieved by directing a therma? convection
flow against the thermomagnetic convection and thus reducing the latter,
reducing the intensity of the m~,gnet3c field to decrease the thermoanag-
netic convection still further, and increasj,ng the temperature otP the
spiral changes in the resistance a,?which measure the thermomagnetic flow.
The design of the analyzers mentioned above is described in detail.
These analyzers are now undergoing industrial tests. The MGK-3 gas
analyzer will be suppied Frith scales corresponding to 0-5, 0-1G, 0?~~1,
0-50, and J_5-45~ of 0~ and the MGK-4 analyzer with scales for 95-100,
90-100, 80-100, 5U-100, and 20=~3~'~ of 02,
[For additional information on instruments and equipment, see 'Item
No 59.]
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Components
33? Neza Television Receiver
"t':ws of Soviet Engineering -~- New Televisor" (unsigned
ar~:icle); Moscow, Sovetaka~a Aviatsi~ya, 31 Oct 58
Production of new 12-channel Soviet television receivers "Rubin-
102" (table model) and "Rubin-202" (console model) has gust begun.
This is a modernized version of the previously manufactured "Rubin."
The over-all dimensions of the new set have been considerably
reduced as below those of the older model. The new "Rubin" has phono-
graph and tape-recording attachments. It have five built-in loudspeakers
which assure high-quality sound reproduction. The set has provisions
for remote control of picture brightness and sound volume throu. a 5-m
cable. Power consumption of the set has been reduced in the ne~~ ~,uod.el
to 150 w.
34. Pulse Circulation in Highly Nonlinear System
"Pulse Circulation in Highly Nonlinear Systemi~ith Dispersive
Delay Feedback," by Yu. I. Neymark, Yu. K. Maklakov, and
L. P. Yelkina, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics,
Academy of Sciences USSR- Moscow, Radiotekhnika i Elektronika,
No 11, Nov 58, pp 13~8~?13&0.
The article discusses the processes connected with the circulation of
pulses and groups of pulses in a. highly nonlinear systems with delay
feedback possessing considerable dispersion. The delay feedback oscilla-
tors with nonlinear, linear, and delay links are of considerable interest
to radio engineers.
Theoretical investigation of systems with delay feedback were con-
ducted in the following directionso investigation of linear systems
with consideration for the lines,r Link and the delay9 investigation of
relay system of automatic regulation, which permit the study of self-
oacillations with a large time delay, investigation of weak nonlinear
systems with delay feedback (generating near-sinusoidal oscillations)
by the method of small parameters; and investigation of systems with
delay feedback which can be described by an eq~,iation with delay argument
in the form of x(t)= ~ [x~?(t-~ ] .
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Experimental investigation ws,s conductFd which succeeded in observ-
ing a +hr.F~e-pulse cycle for cases of egun,.l rjpacing between the initial
pu].st3z~ ..
35. 1M.Cr,~.ro~,y~~vry Ferrite Ampl:L~fie:~1?s
'?I'.rcbie~rn of Building a Nitcrowave Ferrite Amplifier," by A.
L. ~likP,F~I' yen; Moscow, Radiotelchnika i Elektroni_kaL No 11~
Nov 589 pp 133-13~~7
The article discusses the principles of construction of a view-type
low-noise microwave amplifier utilizing a ferrite element as its basin
componFnt,, and analyzes the phenomena on which the operation of such
an oscillator and amplifier is based. The low level of noise in para-
metric: i'errite amplifiers is exp7.ained by the fact that precession of
electron spin is utilized here, rather than the free motion of electrons
which is the source of noise. The ferr~?tE amplifier should have about
the same capabilities as a paramagnetic a~nkl.ifier, but will be able to
operate at normal temperature, while the paramagnetic amplifier can
operate ciatisfactorily only at a very 1.o'w temperature.
A f ~rrite oscillator is visualt.zed as a device consisting of a
resonant cavity inside of which is p?Laced a fex?rite element subjected
to a ~cteady Magnetic field of proper intensity. An auxiliary oscillator
is used. to e:~cite oscillation in the resonator. The ferrite ele*~ent is
mounted at the point of maximum intensity of the magnetic field. The
frequen~?y of oscillations modulates the parameters ot? the ferrite element
the affip?.itude of oscillations should exceed the threshold of excitation.
Th;.n th~:oret3cal study of the perforffie,,nce of the ferrite amplifier
leads to a be~'~ief that such az~ amplifier w111 play an important role in
microwave amplification and that practical and efficient units will be
dsvFl.r+pod soon.
Thy author thanks M. L. Ter~~MikaElyan, ~I. T. Zubkov, and S. M.
R ytova for the help oft'ered in conducting this study.
36. Ferrite-Transistor Units
''F~:rr~ite-Transistor Units in Oontro~,. Oircuits," by I. M.
She~nbrot; Moscow, Izvestiya Akadesr~.i Nauk SSSR Otdeleni e
Telchn3.cheskikh Nauk, No 10, Octt 5~U 7 -~
The article discusses perfor~msnce and application of ferrite-
transirtor units incorporating magnetic cer~, with rectangular hysteresis
loop aryl type P1E transistors. Thea~e ferrite-transistor units are
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used t,o ~?ene.rate pulser~ of spccif'iwd power c~nd prescribed width
and 1.et~ding-edge steep.neras. A pulse-generating unit fed from a
.127-v, y0~-cycle power source was designed which would generate 20-?v
square pulses of 40U-to 600-micrasec du.a^a?tion.
The; fex?r~i.tc-transistor units can be used as storage components, in
which the core is magnetic:ed by the entry snd reading pu].see. Tn the
sim~~lp~st; form of storagw unit two input windings are useda to one such
winding the entry pulse is .fed and to the other the .reading pulse. Com-
plete remagne~ti~;ation of the Bore during a short reading pulse can be
secured with the aid of strong positive feedback.
Recent improvement in the technology of ferrite coxes permits the
construction of ferrite--transistor storage units in which the positive
emf induced in the winding is sufficiently small. not to interfere with
the transistor performance. Storage units are now being built with
magnetic cores having a square-form factor of 0.93. Further significant
eacparsion of the operating ranges of such ferrite-transistor units can
be attained by. incorporation of a second ferrite core into the circuit.
37. Universal Nuclear Magnetometer
"Universal. Nuclear Magnetometer," by Yu. N. Denisoy, Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research; Moscow, Pribory i Tekhnilca
Eksperimenta, No 5, Sep Oct 58, pp 67-70
The article describes a device for measuring the intensity o1' a
steady magnetic field which operates on the principle of nuclear resonance.
An oscillator method is used far detection of resonance. The intensity
range of the measured magnetic field was 300-20,,000 oersteds. The
permissible nonuniformjty of +,he magnetic field in the proximity of the
transducer should not exceed ~-5~ of the measured value. The accuracy
of measurements is about 0.01. The measurements are taken practically
at a 1?point,, 41 because the volume of the sample in which the nuclear
resonance absorption is observed varies only from 6.002 to 0.01 cm3,
depending on the frequency range. A quarter-mole aqueous solution of
Fe2(SOl~) was used for the sample.
Tn this device the oscillator detector of nuclear resonance absorp-
tion and the low-Lrequency pree~np~ifier are mounted in the transducer,
which can be placed directly into the gap of a magnet. This transducer
construction permits measuring the intensity of the magnetic field of
magnets of various shape and sis:e. The vertical dimension of the trans-
ducer varies from 12 to 21 mm, depending on the intensity of the measured
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ma,frnet:~c .~'ic:1.d rt.nd th~:.~ xr,.r~.gc~ ;:r.,vc;.r~c~, T'he truneducc.r is cc+nnected to the
dev:i.ce Y,~ _t-~ rhr. ~,e, ILK-? 9 high-,P.'r. equr~ncy cc~.hles . The main unit o:f the: device
hause:~ ~~, low?~fr~quency a.?riplit'.i.e:r?, control oscilloscope:, phat~e de?tertor,
high-?:l~.requency oscillator for ca3.rr~~: mF~~tkurexne:nts,, and a power peek. The
fr.~n1uency range of ~.he asc:i].1.atryx^ is a,p..ig incy which is subdivided into
f:tve ,:{ttbrttnl;e~r .
.ll:~gh pree,:~s?r'.on and airuplir~.ty of operation make the device suitable
for +~nltttion a~' a wide variety o:f p;.ob?.e~zn.~: connected with t?hC study of
magn~~ti c ~"! elds .
Pulse-Modulated Quartz Oscillator.
~~F'ulse-lModu]Late:d Quartz Osc:~.l.l.ator'? by V. V. Okorokov;
Moscow,, i'riboxy ~, Te_ khn~!ka Eks~Prianenta9 No 5s S~P~Oct 58,
PP ~5-1+8~r._
The article describes a ptli.se;-~todula.ted quaxtx oscillator which
serves to build time-?base scaJLe relative to the e:xi;raneous trigger pulse.
A quartz plate of one me natural fx?er~uency served as the eascited. ei.e~aent
of the, oscillator, The sinusoidal oscillations of the Jmpact~-excited
quartz plate were transformed after atnp~.i:Picatian into a finite series
of narrow pulses at one-mj.c.rose?c: intervall,s.
This type of osciil.ator was used in a long?=period test of the effec?~
tive quantity of secondary n~:utron Fmissian from Pu239, and was f'a~znd to
be quite stab~.e. An ancalogaus oscillator was used to saeasure the X11
effective crass section of" fi.ssional~?e on nonfisaionable elements.
MT. s c.e ~,~.a,neous
39 ? Recent, Sov ,et Patents in C'c~:r,~unications
?'Autharshi,~ Certificates?'unsigned ax~t~,elej; Moscow,
E? ektrosv~au' , No .a,l, Naar S8, p ?g
Class 21aZ, 7) " No ?1225a' ~?,? fir, ~;. ~,l.a,shnikov; Methad of Compen~
sating a.r.. Electro~c RegenPra~trr and E1.ervtrc~nic Start~?Stop Regenerator
to Accamplish. Such JMethod
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Clrzsa ?.lal, 1001. No 111363 ??- G. F. Prarnnek and A. M. Kashcheyev;
Device fur Determination of Passaga of "Top Priority" Messages in
Rer, eivirxg S+actic7n of Telegraph Statio.a Oi~cxating on Code Commuxitation
C1as3 ?1a1, lU0 No 112484 -- B. P. Terent'yev and Yu. V. Bogo-
slovskiy; Automatize Telegraar Reception Method
Glass Llal?, 11.0. No 11.0118 -- A. G. Smiryagin, L. A. Korobkov, and
S. F. Shavrin; Method of Storage and Reproduction of Telegraph-Signal
Coded Combinations
Class 21x1, 3201. No 111706 -- L. A. Korobkov, V. Ye. Belovitskiy,
and A. B. Lobanov; Fast Operating Roll-Type Electronic Terminal Telegraph
Apparatus
Class 21a1, 3404. No 112388 -- N. A. Isayev; Method of Synchroniza-
tion of Receiving and Transmitting Apparatus for the Purpose of Oscillo-
graphic Investigation of Frequency Response of Long-Distance Television
Routes
Class 21a1, 34133 No 112443 -- A. P. Nefed'yev and B. V. Krusser;
Two-Sided Target of TV Transmitting Tube
Class 21a1, 36. No 110069 -- A. B. Zalkind, N. Ya. Matyukhin, and
0. V. Rosnitskiy; Method o:P Commutating ~ Current Square Pulses by Junction
Transistors
Class 21.a1, 70. No 111117 -- V. A. Godlevskiy and M. N. Stoyanov;
Signal Transmitting Method for Automatic Telephone Station
Class 21a2,
RectiS?ier
1204.
No 11144?_
-- A, M. Pshenichnikov; Current
Class 21a2,
140.
No 112397
-- A. T, Prokhorov; Exponential Horn
Class 21a2, 35Q6.
Pulse Frequency
No 108253
~?- D. V. Kats; l~iethod of Dividing
Class 21a2, 3600? No 111235 -- S. I. Grusevich and M. M. Matveyev;
Method of Generating Pulse Series for Automst,,ic Telephone Stations With
Pulse-Tine Hunting Method
Class 21a2, 3622. No 112254 ~d A. A, Pixogov; Method of Controlling
Synthesizing Quadripole in Message Receiver
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Class 2_1a3,, 37. Nn .1.113.5 -~?? G , A. Novj.kov, V. A. Goryache?v, S . B.
Shapiro, and Ye. K. Opol'rkaya,; Device #'or Two-Sided Communication Between
Substation a!id City Autonu~.tic TF~lephonc S~tsation
C1ags 2.)_a3, 5110? Na ?.:2352 ...- D. I. Dudko, V. F. Marek, and Ya.
E. Tai;uyan; Bloelting Oscillat;or for Telephones Lines
Gass 21a3, 673? No ]A8!~.30 ~???- B. N. V'o~nesenekiy, B. S. Livshits,
and S. V. Levina; Method of Transmitting Inductive Signals on. Telephone
Lines and Device for Their Reception
Class 21a~', 6. No 1_l12LUZCdate two s~i~,es of
cartridges y a.arg?: azad s.ma.l.'. ~ The c artridg~:Q are dAtachable and adjust
able in ~.f;rzgth. There i.s a rr-,,s,n4.xa,tory aperture in the: i"roxzt part o:~
the: cartridge (a,ga:f.nst thF nc~,;;;~ r,,A the animal.) .
1?A spray tu?~e: ~^G) ~"ror a.prayl.ng thF, disan~'ec:t~ing i'luid and ~'ox
taking aerc~; 01. saznpl..e:s i~~ p;u,ar,ed in tha upi~~,r part of each animal cos~-
partme~nt .
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"A:~.x ~ :~ ~,us:npr~~~.i r~xi,, a.~' t?hc:~~x~: c;o:vpax?~?;,ae:ixt,r~, and also auk of t.he: pra-
te.ctivc~ r?hramL~Tx thrcnlgh ~atopccc:kti. ~f'~.'.?? ;~8., ~9) with a vac:uunt pump (37) y
aitu:r ~~rhJLc:;h it pasr~e~S throu~th a.r~ e:l.rr't.x~ic: ~iirnace (3~ ).o a roel?ing c:c+:L::t
(.3.1.) y a gas n~~;~tez? ~;~' l,. c~.nt a .3:" ~a!.~~.~1 d1,s~~.r?z~'e:c:tor X35)
"The var.~v~~nu pu~ap hS ~~ jlx~,ppp~r,~ ?w71,tk1 a 5~,6 .3.yc~o1. tr?apo The disinfected
air pun~;ped o~~.t, nf, the 5,yp'k.e:my t,n~rr t,he:r arith thy: dr, opa~ a~' ]~yraol al~s~or~edy
E.a.te:ra a batYA ~~C~) ~ wher, A, the: ;,ysc~.1? ae:t,t~.e?s ~ The ~,eve3? at' l.yeo,l. in this
path, 3s~dioate;d by a water gauge: ~?~3,??n 3 s kept constaxrt tay appra,priate:
regulation of the overt~.c~~rr staprc~c:k;, (38) t~,:~d by per~,odic addition of
Lysol.
"The e~.r~c~tric disinFectnr consists of an electric Furnace ~~2)
and a coo3.3.ng coil (Z:fl.) "r1 a water tsrlta
?7The e~l.ervtric motor of the Furna~:e ~.S a n:gchrr;cne Gpira,~, coiled
on a Fire-c:lay cera~.c .. T!ze space ~ie.~twP vn the Furnace and i.ts outer
cavering ig Fill,ed w~?th cxu~u~-:~.ed as~eeuog~ Air pass~~.n~g through +,hF.
electric furnace, he~ate:d to a ts~mperature: of ax~~ur~d ]1.701?r exate:rs the
cooling eerily leaves it at a tempe~r?at~,~re o.f aroun:d ~Oor and passes
through thy: gas ffieter (33) in+,o the .l..qu~.d diSini'ectmr (35) o The
temperatr~re: a,S the a:t.r leaving the: e:,~,ec:tric .furnace :~.s detexagincd by
means of a te:mpe:rature: re:.May (51.),q a~ad ~.a m~;a,s,ured t,y a therxur~coupZ.e-
~5~)? The Elec;tr3.c Furna,c:e is j.zate:r.~,l~.nk:~d `~lth thR: vecuur~ pump and
is turned o~x w~.th asx ordi.naxy r~w~,t,cho
"The ~.ie~uid. ~~i;~l.n.Fe~f.:tor ifs a vRrt3.~?a~,t ey].~.ndrica~_ resex?~roir f3.ll.ed
with d~.~o:gnfectiu:g ~,c,~:ut3.an.~ a? nuarot~,ex? aF cryut.=x disks are placed at the
tap oi" the reserve+ir~ The dic~kr' have pF~;.:~'c,re,tions? on the edges,, ar~d
in the' center Because of t}~.sy ai.r. in the i.c+wer part of the res~exvo3.r,,
rising, achieves a ~ ig--gag ~?a-F,h in the di.^~inYecting solution and :~s
disinie~ctFd in this manne~ra
-"The elrct.r3.c caxr.tro p2x~.?:a,. ~,s? :,~cn~:nt,ed ix~ a Separate ~meta.3. hc~usingo
Located on the .Para?F,'- are a, m?.?.x tro.:~txaet~:~r: t~3?r_~ r~ignal. lights, and
rive $w'.Ltches o A calble: runs t?r.., they parae2. frnan ?he appax?atuS9 and a
lead runs ~'rosz the +.~he:r.~n~~+coi.~:4F: 7.cacS,t,ar1 at, the e~.d of the el.eetric
fi.~rnacP o
'tThP mt.ll.ivc~ltme~te~r x.xzdic~a~k?::s~ tl'ae: ?t~.7a~e:rature of the; air coza:.ng
out of the .furnac:e:~ One r~F the a~,gn.F,~, .1,i,ght~,; indicates when the
electric motor of the r_ompx~F;Qec~r is truned cano a.nd the second when
the electric anotor of. the vac:uua~ p~.txcp aa~d the flzrnace interli.uked with
it are turx:ed an~
CPYRGHT
., 45 .,
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"The housir,~g of the vacuum metQ,r. ir3 an ~ardi.nary panel on which a
differe;ntia,x. liquid manomet,~1r with a V-shape tube, and a spring wane-~
meter are m.oun~ted. The diffexential, manometer showr.~ the di.f:Perence
in the degree of rarefication be:twe:en k~oth a.n~f,xnal chambers, and the
spring mano~ne:t.arr the de:gre:w off' rar. e:fica,tcl.ex~ i,sz t~h.e suction no~~1e of
she vacuum puanp. In addition, the te:> Robertson9 0, H., Peek, T. T. J, Infect. Dis., 1943,
v 72s PP 142-152
Puck, T. T., Robertson, 0. H>, Lemon, H. M., J. Expnr. Med. 1,94.3,
v 78, pp 387-406
1947,
Robertson, 0. H.,, B:~gg. E, a. ath. Scien~^e, :1941, v 93s PP 2:.3-214?
Robertson, 0. H, , Scie:uce:a 1.843.9 v 97, P 495
Rasebury, T. a. oth. Experime~nta1 Air. ~Barne: Infe:ctian. Baltimore,
- 46 ...
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T~nmunalog,-~ and Therapy
~~9. Combined Vaccination Against Plague and '.I'ul.aremia
"Expcrimen~taJ. St;udy of Combined Vaccination Against Plague and
Tularemia, " by Pd. I~ . Kalacheva, ~:_T~1.aremia, ' Diyisign, Sax~itov
Scientific Research Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
of the Southeastern USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, E~i-
demiologii i Inununobiologii, Vol 29, No 9, Sep 5 , pp 7 - 3
This article concerns research on the use of associated live vaccines
s.nd live vaccines combined with killed vaccines. The author refers to i
the first combined vaccine -- live plague vaccine with killed trivaccine
or NIISI vaccine, studied by Koroblcova in 1950-1951 and the work of Aki-
menko on live tularemda vaccine associated with smallpox and NIISI poly-
vaccine, and also with tetanus anatoxin. The author's research was
undei~i;aken 'to explore the possibilities of immunizing with two live anti-
gens, plague and tularemia.
A combined vaccine consisting of dry plague vaccine strain EV and dry
tularemia vaocine was administered to guinea pigs cutaneously and subcu:.
taneously. Reawlts of all experiments are riisc~tssed in the text and pre-
sented i.n tabular form. Conclusions presented on the basis of these re-
sults are as followso
"l, It was established in experiments on guinea pigs that vaccination
with a mixture of plague and tularemia vaccines guaranteed immunity to
100 Del of a virulent culture of B. pestis in 90-1000 of the animals; the
same results were obtained upon introduction of the corresponding m~^.o-
vaccines?
"2. The most favorable immunizing dose for the plague component in
the combined vaccine is a dose of one billion iiiicrobi~.l cells; for tale=
remia, 10,000-100,000 microorganisms.
"3o It was established that immunity to plague infection is mains.
tained up to 6 months in 50~ of the animals (the time of obserination) when
the subcutaneous method of vaccination is used, and in 1000 of the animals
for the same period of time when the cutaneous method of applying tree
vaccine is employed."
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`iC. 7,~?i.vnlelrt Vaccine for PIagUC'9 '.I?u].aremi.ap and Brucellosis
"'T.4ie Problem of Combined Innnunization With Live Vaccines, " by
R. I. IC1ets, R. S. IColechik, Xe. P. Potapova, G. P. Vyborov,
and IC. I.. Shvets, Irls:utsk Scientific Research Institute , [Ir-
kutsk Scienti.f:tc Research Antiplague Institute ]; Moscow, Zhu?r
nal f~[ikrobi.olor;ii, Ltpidemiolo~ii i ?anmuncibiolop;i,i, "deal' 29,
No l0, Nov 5t~ p 122
"An experimental examination of the possibility of producing immunity
i.n laboratory animals to three infections at a time --? plague, tularemia,
and bru~.ellosis ~-?-~ by means of a s ingle immunization with the correspond-
ing vaec:i,nes was an ob,~ective of this research. For this purpose, we per-
formed experiments on several groups of guinea pigs: 15 pigs from the
first group were inununized with live tularemia vaccine and were then in?-
fected with a tularemia culture (1,000 MLD); 15 pigs of the second group
were immi~ni.zed with live brucellosis vaccine and were infected with a Br.
ovis c:u:lture (two minimum infecting doses ); a~- pigs from the third group
were immunized with live plague bivaccine acid were infected with a plague
culture (,1,000 Dcl); animt~ls of the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups (l6
in e3,ch group} were inununized with the live combined vaccine and were in-
feca?ed with one of the cultures --? tularemia, brucellosis, or-- plague;
finalJ.y, 28 pigs of a control group (noni,mmunized) were divided into three
subgroups and were infected, simultaneously with. the experimental animals,
with one of the test cultures (nine pigs, with tt~7.aremia and brucellosis;
ten pigs, with plague).
"Immunization and infe;tion were performed subcutaneously in all groups.
A suspension (prepared ex tempore in physiologica_1 solution) of 2-day agar
cultures of corresponding vaccine strains, calculated as foL ows For a
single dose, was selected as a r_omplex vaccine: 250 million microorgganisms
pt~ Brucella strair..BA, 25 ?cnillipn microorganisms of, ?a tul.axemia vacc3.ne
straixi, and. 1.5 billion,plague micrgorgani,sms,, strains Noland 17 (bivalent
p.LaGue v~~,ccine) .
"The results of the experiment showed that 11 out of lI+ guinea pigs
infected with brur~ellosis were found to be immune after immunization with
the complex vaccine, and that 13 out of 15 animals infected with brucellosis
were resistant after vaccination with brucellosis monovacCine. Upon patho-
morphological investigation of material from all of these animals, benign
changes which had taken place in their organs were detected. Out of 14
pigs infected with tularemia following immunization with the combined vac-
cine, a11. survived, as did 15 animals infectoed after immunization with.'
tularemia 1ronovaccine. Two out of 14 pig; infected with plague after immu-
nization with combined vaccine died, and one out of ll:pigs immunized with
plague xivaccine before infection died.
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"'I'k!e pigs w:Lthstood the cubcutaneo>s int:?ro~h?cL-i~5n of Jive combined
vacr.:(.ne cou-paru.~t-,iveJ_,y we.l.]., with local reaction of a n-ocl.erate nature, which
c1Lcl not differ from tlr.e r.eaetion iu animals inoculatc:rl with the monovaecine;
I.hex?e tiacre no perceptible cl-ar-ges in temperatu_r. e and weight . 'I`he invasion
capacity of ?tl-e s?1.7~ains which compri.s ~d the combined vaccine remained the
same as they were when _;.chnini.stex?ed separately. Iirununological indexes of
r. eaotivity of the guniea pil;s t,o the ir~;;.r. oduc?eion cif combined vaccine
(agLlutinatian rears lion and aJ.J_ergic skin test) demonstrai;ed the simul??
tr~neou , elaboration of iininune bodies with respect 'to all antigens included
in the con-bined vaccine, tularerrLia and brti:.cel.i r~si s in pars;icl~lar.
":I`h.e data obtained show that the an?tiger?s introduced in the combined
va.ccinc are completely compat:i.ble and that ?cl~.e vaccine prepared from them
can probably be employed for sirnu!.ta.neotts innnu.ni.ra;i;i on against plague,
tularemia, a-id brucellosis."
CPYRGHT
Pharmacology and Toxicology
51. Synthesis of an Isomer of Sarcomycin With Anti,tun-or Ilctian
"Tnvestigation.s of Sarcomycin and Its Ar_alogs; IT. ~e S,ynthe??
sis of an Isarner of Sarcornyc:i.n, " by M. M. Sh~:n~;ra?.sa.r.., P~. Pl. Kol-
osov, A1. r . Karapetya.n ar_ci ~'. i'a. Rodiy~~nov, In.st9_t~.~.te of 13ic:-?
logical and Nledi.cal C;~iemistry, Academy of Medi.caJ_ Sc~ en~~es USSR;
Moscow, Zhurnal Onshc"hey ?iL'ied during vibration. Tlae people who had headaches cempla,ined
of noise in the head and blurred vision to the point of fainting; they
also had a feeling of irz?i?tability and aggressiveness. Comparison of elec-
?L-roencephalographic data with the clinical symptoms revealed existence of
substantial shifts i.n cortical neurodynanrics, such as abnormal cortical
activity and the presence of foci of ci.ominant excitation in the temporal
portion;; of the cortex. Changes in cerebral and cardiac reflexes and per-
sistent t~..rterial hypotonia were else observed in Borne ca;,es. A vaso-
veg;etative dystonia was manifest in 42 cases and assumed a di ffta,sed char-
acter. Intensity of all pathological symptoms increased as the length of
~mploymeni; increased. Symptoms of organic d~.sorders of the peripheral
nervous system were observed in 17 people. This disorder consisted of
decreased cutaneous sensitivity of a distal type and a decrease of absence
of tendor. reflexes . A change-over in ovario-mensi:ru,al cycle was noted
in 31 of 40 women examined; many women workers had hyperthyreosis."
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58. Biolo~;ic:u.1 Effects of Torii.zed Air
"On 'the Ru.estion of Ilygi.eri?c 5.~~;nificFUrc;r~ of the Ionization of
Air in Industrial Estab.li,sYunents," by D? .Z~ Kagan and V. N.
Ko~~alenlso?, Informat::ior~rryy Byulle~ten' In-~ta i.meni Erisme?na
(Infarrnation Bul..l.etln of the Tnstitu.te imeni Prisma.?~ 957r
6-7, 57-62 (from Meditsinskiy Re:f'erativnyy ZI-.urnal, No 8, .'Aug
5a, P 30) -' -
"Prolonged action of highly ionized a!.r on rabbits, even though nega-
tive aero-ions in it predominates causes a dep;c~ssion in hemopoi.esis in
anirnal;r, parti.culctrly as far as 'the red blood is concerned. This also
causes a disruption in protein metabolism as well as a lag in the general
development of animals. The authors think that the biological action of
aero-?ions depends on 'the degree of intensity of absorption of aero-ions
by -the organism per unit of time. '.~o take this factor into considerattorr,
i.?t was suggested that use be made of the 'coefficient of intensity of Feero-
i.or~ absorpttion' which determines by how much the intensity of ion absorption
per unit of time, during man's inhalation of highly ionized air, exceeds
the intensity of absorption of aero-ions by ?the organism of man under ordi-
nary conditions of natural ionization of atmosph~~.'c air. The maximum .
figure that this coefficient reaches in industrial establishments is be-
trrcen 1,000 and 1,200; when used therapeutically, it reaches 2,000."
59- Increased Ernpha'sia on E.lectrophys~.ology
"Soviet >;lectropk~ysiology Must Be Developed," by Candidate of
Biological Sciences y'u. Kratin (Leningrad); Moscow, Meditsi.n-
skiy Rabotnik, 26 Sep 58, p 2 -"'
CPYRGHT
"Soviet electrophysiology has an advantage over that found abroad in
that. it stands on a sound theoretical foundation. There are many excellent
works in countries outside the Soviet LTniona mr~,ny of these works have been
based on a highly technical foundation, But rarely can there be found a
well-based connection between these works and. general theoretical appli-
cabilityo
"Physiology must now become an exs,ct science. Its method must con-
sist of an exact physicochemical analysis the main condi,tien of which is
concurrence, at the right time, with concurrent physiological processes.
Any method that does not provide simultaneous recording and analysis of
processes in the nervous system loses its significance, particularly in
neurophysiology. A similar situation exists in biochemistry. Making a
record of electric changes that take place is a relatively well developed
method. By permi~t:ting the registering of the prccesses tha+ take place
in an organism at the same time recording takes place, electrography makes
it possible to exert an effect on them and to make quite accurate observa-
tions of any changes produced. Eleetrophysiology created a need for
~55-
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irol.,r?r.,vin~; l~ol,h tl.te tc'chuigL~.e a[' :i.ri?itc.tt9.on ,:ti;rd tho 'techrrl.q~.ic oi' reco:rdin~
react:lons caused by vuriou.; r~l'1'~:c~~;s. !t'l~.i;, 1.:; why soured ~;enertr?L?ors, photo..
phone ;;tintulcLt;or:~, and aul;an;tttie ~~un.c::l., which corrt:rol the delivery of ir-
r:?:Cl.anL';: lt_rvo .t?eplacc~l this bcl1, hu:LU, otc. The ltyttt~~grtLph gave ~ao,y to the
~~:~cillc>~ral~h, k~er;n,.t;t!..n~; >;:1ntLLltianr:ou.s recording oJ' a multitude a:[' very
r. api~:i ra, wE~1.1 a:-, clatia l;r:~oossc:s .
"At'te.r the I~i~;krth Canl;ress of Physiolo~;is?ts op the USSR and the rnter-
nn.tiorral (;ongress o!.' Phy~,in:lo(:f_s?ts wa.s bald, the importanc~o of electro-
plrysiaLo~,y betr_tn to i.ncr?,:ase. There . is a ~1.cc:-ca,sinU number of pb.ysiolog-
~ca.l labara~tories whi:re come ltirt.d o.C elc~c?traph~~siulo~i.ca_l method is nat
uUed. Wit;h the aid of elecl;rophysiology, partic'tlarly that o.f eleci;ro-
encephalo~;raph;/, the circle of prebJ.ern.s under inves~tiga,ti on had been ex-
panded.. These problems dea.1 primari?_y with. the lrigher nervous activity,
the ~ lectrophysiolog:~_c:al soJ.t.ition oP wk~.i.ckt :Ls ca::ried on extensive].v only
iti the USSR. I'or exa,tnple, the collective o:P elec~croph.ysialo~,ists in ~'b~,lisi,
hea.de~l. by Academician I. S. k3eri~t;asl:lvili , !.s :,?cudying ~~ne of the most
:impori;ant problems of the higkter nervous a~:tivity: tlZe role of retic~rl.ar
fnrn>~~,ti~n of tkte bre,in stem and its i.~;cerrelatioi~. wi?ch 'the higher brar!cheU
of -rhe brain. I, Microelectrodes have been us~:d in the past few ,ycar.s in
ICieV, 2b~:lisi, .~.nd Moscow. S9.nrilar wont has also been begLU~. in Leningrad.
Ir_ Rasto~~-na-Donu, A. B. IG?~~;a.n suggesi;ec?. a me.tr,ad For im;~:~t~,nting
micr. o~lectroclec; ror piclting up potentia7.s of the brain.
"l;lc;ctx?ophyso:iogical invosti~ation of t?.t~:: problem.^ of higher nervous
activity is pea?formed both. by trt:i.li:.in; irx?i ;ants from the external envi~^on-
mer~Y ar..d by e~:peritnenta_l aci;_on on thr recc:pi;or fi e].ds and nerve conductors
ol? the internal organs . Worlc like this has 'Meer., under wa,y For mar_y years
at tl~.c Tns?F,itute of I'hys:i ol;~ly imeni Pavlov ~.~~ Len ngra.d and at the Moscow
Ins+,i~~ute of iVortnal and Pathologico? Physiology of the Academy of Medical
Sci.er_ces USSR. Many physiologists are r_,,~ncluct~i n.g researcki in ;i~en:? ngrad
and N,~scow which deals with, the electric ar.?tivity of ~ eceptur. s .
"one aim of a]J. these investigo:tion.s is to cli s :over the pecialiarit;J
c>r elec:tric activity in cor_n~~c~i;ion with tb.e morpho~_~~g].c?wl struc?tLtre of
'':.he nerve t.ssue. 'T'his problem has been stu.d._.ed in m~:tch greater detail
at i?,he Brain Tnsti?tutA; an in-terestin~; new me?trnd cif reseax?clz us~i.ng? the
encc-ph.~,loscope wa.s in.trcduced by N.[. N'. Livar..ov :Ln coonera pion ti~ri~th V'. M.
Ana.n' yev.
"`_~'~~.e raectruphysio? ogical method i5 bei~ig inaroduced. mr~r~ and more
extensively in comparative physiology. SucY? wont is bei:-!g succassfu~ ~ y
conducted at the Leningrad r,;;ti tote of E :pcrimental Iii?d:i::ine an~:l at the
Pdosrow University.
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"'i'llr. clect:2?ophy~;io]_o~ict::l ~~i~rl-,l,uc1:~, p._ti.t?ticttlar:Ly ~:lectx?oencenhalo~;raphy
aru being l;'1,.t ~ a1Cu in t12~ c;u~ny ,.ut~:1 varied branches of uu,Ctic:tne. Wcll-
ecluippeci clecl;l?uphyoiolol;ie_ll laborr.Itorie; ct_ln be found in tl~Ie ?t:l;r?L?i?ttlte
of Pdeul?o:;~u?,~;c'r~, ir,ten:t N. 1J. 13uz~cieril;cz (P~loscow), ln;;titute o.C Neux?osur~ery
intc,li A. 1... 1'r~.Lenov, ??ti.:l.tt~sry Dledical Academy imeni S. M. Kirov, Psycho-
n~~uro].or;ica,1 :I:nctitui;e~ atni:ni V. NI. I3,zlchtercv (T,enin;;rad), and Borne other:;.
;~;y:~tentatic ex~uniuaL-io22 ul' patient:; t:Ina exl;crlcive ?tlleoretical work has been
carried ore r:~t tlu~ttc incti?tutca . Llectroencephalography is be~;innin~ to
lac u.~ert more arul ruore o:itetr ?.n exatnl.nin~ and dial;nosinG many and varied
type;, of d.Lsef.t.t~cs eacoun~l,ered in therapeutic and p;~ychi~.tr c cliniet~, and
iu c:l:inic~, fo:r cli;,eaces of the nerves. 'towever, its practical utiliz~~?tion
hay been hiltdercd by the in~uflicient pro;;ress made in solving some dif-
f.':icul~t queat:ions of elec~tropl~~yslolo~y and electroencepllalo~;raphy. This
w~x?k c:z.r2 be car.ri.ed on b;y combined ei':1'orts of piiysioloUists and clinici sts.
"A perraanent organization bl.>s?cau, headed by Prof V. S. Rusinov, was
crea~i,eci n.t the first conference on e]_ectrephys9.olo~;y of the central nervous
system. P.ro1:' V. S. Rus'! nov was cormnissioned to see that a number of meas-
ures arc ta,lten to develop clectrophysiolo~y. A decision was made to estab-
lish the :-::~:;~hanl;e of e:~perienco by means of periodic conferences. At pres-
er..~t, cons:Lderation is ~bein~ given to the creation of special sections on
elc~ct.roph.ys:iology and electroencephalo~raphy within the frarnev)ork of the
A11-;;tlion Socie?L-y of Physiologists. It will be Ileces s~^ry to publish a
special collection of tnateria:L covering eleetropllysiolo~ical research;
approprio,tc--.~ ma~azilze rrtus-t ci].so be pubJ.ished.
"A. symposium or_ electroencephalo~raphy will be hE:ld this fa11 in Mos-
coit. `T'his wi.11 be the :first such Sathering 'rleld in the USSR. Scientists
.From France, E,I~land, Czechos].ovalti.a, and a few o~t?r~,ctiaul po^ribill.t;~ oa' rt,cl]1.evin~; a 'bu]:?n-out of more than 95 ltg per ?ton
,.:I' tz]?n?tt:i.~uu ltu,s beers established.. Tt is l:no;rn that the stability of the
~' ~~'1 ~::I.cuicirl?;, earl 1)e increased if alloys of uranium or uranium oxide are
c.~:;ed instead of pt.tre: urartiiun and 1]cat-re~is?ta,nt steel is used as a cladF
cliu;~ fox? the fuel eleinenLs; }~~;?revcr, :ln this case, the nautral uranium
irrar?t-. 1~.. epririzc^r1 either ~?rith UL > or frith plutonium. Althourh this enrich-
rnGnt ~r:i.ll increase the er,?L-en?t of ?the b~_u?n-au?t, it wi~.1 ra:i.se the cost of
the 1'~zel elements .
The majority of the nuclear energy plants for the geners.t?on of
cJ.ectx?i c :po~,rer which are being cons?L?ructed in the USSR or plaril:sd there
,rill be equipped with .reac?tors using ordinary ~?rater as a coolant. Ordi-
na].?~; wt3.'teY' is not on1.y a good moderator, but also an "effici~n't -heat-
?trans:C'er agent, the de r.?ee of activation of whiclx is within safe limits,
l,ecatzue the activated cr~.~clei have a very short Half-life.
At present a nuclear energy electric power plant ~?r7th a capacity of
li?20,000 lcw is being constructed in Voronezhskaya Ob1as?tt; ~ At this power
plant, tiro reactors of the water-~?rater ?type will be installed. Water
~_znder a. pressure of 100 atmospheres absolute will be used as the heat-
t;t?ansfer al;en?t. Saturated steam with a pressure of 29 atmospheres absolute
t?r:i11 be generated by ?the pressur~:zed water passsing through the boilers.
Zirconiwn-covered elements consisting of uranium oxide that has been
enriched ?to the extent of 1.5~o will. be used 9.n the reactors.
A second nuclear electric power plant of the same type wi71 be erected
Lr. Leningrc.dsltaya..Oblasi:.
W1ien mox?e experience has been acquired in the operation of power
plants with reactors of j.;his type, steam for the turbines will presumably
be generated directly in the reactors, i.e., the intermediate heat-transfer
phase brill be eliminated.
At px?escn?t in U1'yanovskaya Oblast' on the Volga a "boiling
? t?ratex?" reaci;or o~ the water-water type 3 s being constructed. This reactor
~?ri.ll have an electric power capacity reaching 50,000 k~,1 and ~wiLl be '
equipped ~?rith fuel elements resemb"ling those of the power plants in Voro:-?
ne~h$ka.ya anci..Len~ngradskaya obla?sZs.
Experimental po~?rer-generating reactors of tYifferent types are being
constructed on the Volga and a large center is being created there at
z?rhi.ch scientific and tenhnical e::periments on nuclear potrer generation.
~?ri11 l-,e conducted. The purpose of this center is testing of reactors
uridex- conditions corresponding to industrial operation.
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A nuclc:u.i.~ ~~ne.r~;,y electric: rotrer p:Lan?~; hcini; constructed in the Ura1a
i]_1 h.a,vc: c~ crxparit;l 01' 1100,000 .lt~~r. At this plant steam will be generated
~:~ t;h~:: x?en,c?l;or itself. '.Phe rea.c~t;ors employed at this plant will represent
~. .t'~ir?l;her clevelopmerrt of flu: reac?t;or ?t;~pe installed at the first nuclear
~;"(.c:c:?tx?ic ~l~owei~ p"ln,n~i;. A?L- ?tho Ural EJ.ec?cr:i.c powex? plant four reactors ?rill
~: ~~ .ir~s~~,~.i11c~Q. ~rlii~a~ Sr1.11 ha~~re a cc~;pac~3.ty oi' ]_00,000 lcilot~ratts each. teach
~~!' them 1ri11 operc+.te a:~ a unit; tri?L'h a ?turFJi.ne. Steam at a pressure of ~0
~~,tnio:;plieres and a temperature oi' 118Ci-500?C will be fed into the turbines
cJire~~-t;ly fx?om ?Lhe reactors.
The :E'ctel. elements in ?the reactors of this plant will be of the same
~t,r~c a.e; those used in the reactor of the firsi-, USSR nuclear energy electric
~;o~rer plant . However, ''.-.hey gill have a ]_en~th of 6 meters instead of 1.7
met.e:r.?s . In connection frith the operation of this type of reactor, studies
li~tve been roads on the activation of the water and of the salts and cor=
ros:i.on products dissolved in it. The design of the fuel elements is such
that fission produc~t?,s will not get into the coolant circuit.
The desire ?to reduce the cost involved in the production and treat-
ment; of fuel e:l.ements induced research on homogeneous power generating
re~~,ctors. To conduct worlc on this s~ibject, a reactor employing heavy
z~ra.ter in 1?rhich uranium is dissolved or suspended is being constructed on
~.l~.e Volga. l;xperi.ments that have been carried out indicate that the sus-
pr:ns:io:n of the uranium in water is sufficiently stable. It, is assumed
that in the x?eactor under construction the water :,].li ~ oil at a pressure
of 50 atmospheres absolute and that uranium mKt+il~ wLl]..be suspended in the
sore of -the reactor. The reactor ~~rill have a thermal. capacity reaching
35,000 l~t?r. The stability of. the operation of boiling-water reactors will
l..e determined on this prototype. A reactor of this type wi11 also make
i.; possible to determine the efficiency of the thorium cycle.
The possibility of utilizing in px?act:i.cal operation reactors in which
:Liquid sodilun functions as 'che heat carrier wi11 be conducted using a
research reactor with an electr:~.c power capacity reaching 50,000 lcw. This
x?eac?tor will also be constructed on the Volga. 7.'he reactor in question is
designed for the generation of high-parameter steam, namely, steam at a
pr~ssLU?e of 90 atmospheres absolute having a tempex?ature of 500?C. The
ina~:inn.un px't.~? _lI?e of the heat-transfer agent i.n the core ti~rill not exceed 8
' ~~:tmospheres absolute, which is of great advantage and compares favorably
~?rith reactors using water as a coolant. At this pl~.nt and at all others
using sodiLUn as a coolant and Crater in the final stage, an intermediate
heat-transfer cycle must be employed, so that no interaction Uetween the
z~rater and file radioactive sodiLrni may occur.
Extensive work is being done on fas neui;ron reactors. It was estab-
lished that the breeding ratio in such re~~ctors t~ri1 definitely exceed.
~.init;J~, Thus; the crude nuclear fuel (primar].ly U~3~) can be fully utilized
in fast neutron reactrrr?s, as distinguished :from reactors operating on thermal
neutrons,
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A?t present; rrincip~ti]. a't'terrL?iorz :Ltt t?,o:rl;. .in -tlt:is :[':Lelcl ~_;, 1.~c:inG raid
'to tllr T~o7.u'L-:iolt o:[' tocttnolo~;icrtl prol>1~~nrs in.cluclint; those o:C a 1.iijlt deC;ree
aP }teat r.?entovrxl, >>, hii;h coei'ficicn?L- of l.n.tz?n?-out (of the order of 20-3~
~~n~l lti~her), and. e:['J:'ici~~rtt ntethocl.s for -clte recovery of ix?rad. i ated :I'Ltol.
Tht .Cix?st r?:t.`-t nc~ulzron xeL~u:tcu? wt~., starLcxi in the USSR in April 1955 ? This reainetics of pho"c^COr?r11.1C ;:~.vlty a,~:rd volume ernf faci l:i:~a?~es a simplo
e;cplanation of carrier tra.ppin~. The dori-reel ~c:neral foimula.s are ar~~?.ied
to the study of a ruzmber of particular cases . Ex-~~or_merrca?1 eciiz:ipnxc.r.~-F, is
devised with a Kerr ceL1. 1 errni=:.ti n~ measuremen-Gs i.r.. a. ?wi do range of temper--
a?tures and frequencies ~?ritlz h:i~h accuracy. Exper.'~ne,ltal data on ki neti cs
o:I' pho"t;oconductivity and volume emi' i?rere comna.r.?ed ti.*i-t;il theory with sa:F~.s_.
:factory results .
79? Photovoltaic Cells
"Kinetics of the Photovoltaic Cells W?c1: E1e::"~~~on.-~Iole ~'unc~~-
tions;" by S. M. Ry-skin; A'. 13. Strol;an, ar~.d L..~;. ~(,?~,lsovslt~.y, Lsn-in..
grad Physicotech.nical Inst~_tui;e, Acadcrn"~~ cf Sciences USSR;
Leningrad, Zhur?nal Tekhnicheskoy I'izilci, Vol. 28, No ~, Sep 58,
pp '.371-1882 ??
The ltinetics of a photodiode in voltai:, opcra?i;ion is analyzed.
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The relrta;r~,?t;1.on curves of ~L-1rc dx?oppin~ l,ranch are compu?L'ed fo.r various
cond.i~l;ion^ . 1'i; :i.s s11o~~rn ?Lh~r~t; lr~ u.pse?I;tin~ t1~1e cundit:i.ons taken 1.11 'l.he
rtirticl.e ley P1.. A. Tols?l;oy o,ncl 1 P.. I'ea~ilav, (71~I;mL' , lg, g21, lgll~g) (irll:Y-
n:tte land resl.sgance, lo~~?r capa.ci'tive currents~,'bug a?L- a sufficiently
llit;lt ingensity of il.luml.Ila~s;ion, ghe relara?~ion curve regains a sec-L?ion
detex?rrlined only by rer?onlbl.nation which may fac7.li'ta~te the degeY?rnina'c:ton
of the lifetime of unbalanced carriers. The conclusl.ons were confirmed.
cxpet?imerrL-ally .
30. VolLtme-Gl.?adient EMI+ iI? Germ3.niLLnl
"Volume-Sradien;; EMI? 1.n ?ciie Presence of CL1rY?err~, in Ger~tar..!Ltm,"
by P.. :L. ~3aransltiy ald E., w '.omukhayev, yhys9.cs TYIS?L'7.~ute, Academy
of Sc:fences Ulcx?a:in1.a11 SSR, Kiev; Lon 1_n~.ra.c? . Zhurna7., Teishniei~.esl~ y
I'1.zilii, Vol 28, No 9, Sep 58, pp 1896-].gQ~~
Experimental px?oof is gi.vcn of -tlie ~,ppeara.nce of volume-~rad:tent enlf
in ?i;he presence of current in germanium. The correlagi on of variagl_ons
of ghc~ volume-Lraclient emf and of pto ?the coordilsa?te was cs?cablished. T.?L-
sa~rs shown ?L-itat gl-le volun.le?-~x?adier_?L emf ire. rl- and p- g;,~1p ~ex?1nanl.um have
apposite suns . At?L-cn?t:Ion is ch?a.t~n_7 '.;~~ the ~'e,et gP~~,t in ?i;'?:,c cs,se of semi-
conductin~ ms.-terials a ?very hiLh accur.?s.cy i;~ mec:sur~.nt; ?C.)7~~ elocri,x^ir. ciiar?-
acteristi cs (by moans of a p1?obe method) ca.nl?1ot be reached i f the volurn~~-
t;radien?l, emf is 1.~SZOx?ed.
X31. Volume Recombina?I;:ion of CexmaniLlim.
"Volume Recom:;inatior. of Alllrt=i zllanl-DU~~oc9. t"o Y~narll.ti~M, rr by S. C.? Kalash??
niltov and K. 1: Tissc:n, Moscot~r State U1:~.ive:r_~~it~r, Physics Faculty,
Ch~11_r of Sem1.?-conduc?fi;ors; .Len_nt?;rs,r?, 'Llrrz~:?tia.l mel:i:lrlicl~.eskoy ?+';;.ziki,
Vol 23, No ;~, Sep 53, pp 1390-18y5 ___._._._._ -
The effec-;, of aluml.Ittzm crnirerlt~?a?tion on -i;lle l:i.i.'e?{,1.!rre of tr. ~I,r..si g ~ lec??
Irons ire ~crlnaniLLm is studied.. 3t *.ras founr~ tha?>; ;;'1c e:c':~ecc o:E' a:LLtmi ntzln
on recaml~inagion practi~a].ly col~ISis-~,;s only i;~t a sh1.f?c o'f' rh~~ Fex?rli J_eve~_
and therefore it is not a ~,ood alloy :E'or obt~?.1.:~i~l~ o~~ 1101 -c}-ve ~;c:IZ1~.nitur_
rTi-ch high electric csonluctsvi~~~? aria l0;'1~; c~.o~:?x?an l:i.:t't~?L-1_rae. The up~rer
llmlt Of till' 1"eCC7mb11"lag7.O11 C~~C:ff7.C7.~nt ~~f U,LC:C:'~,?r~~.~,,r, 1~i1 a7:~un7_nurn c~.'~,,Cril:: waS
calculated to be abou. 10-?12 cm3~G~c. 1~11e x?El~~:c7.~~:z o:~ ao~~cca~:?a:~ic~n to
the 11.fe?time shows a:;'.nag the ci:~o~~s se c?tioll oi? ~tra?~p1.-;.~ of. 'L-he recornb:ina;:?_or~
centers In tl?e StU.dled sempl.es dOG'S rli)", dP_iJP.%tT'i p~2 'the C~~:1t:erl~ra'tlOn Of
CC1Llilibx'illnl holes, ghL1S ~,):'QV~:.1:~~ tll~: :L?:.1Si ti'l't{?~.C:a:~~:e O:C' GOLi S.O`S Y?eCOP.1biI1a-
~tion.
.. 77 ..
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F32. Php~toe.Lectron:Lc Gex7nanium Nmission.
"Pho~toelectronic and Secondary Electr. oi.1 rm'? ssior?. of Ger-
manium, " by P . G . Borzyc~.k and 0. G . Sarbey, Physics In-
st:ttute, Acz~.demy o_C Sciences Ultrain,irzn SSR, Iti.e~v; LcY~iri-
~,rad,Lhuxnal Tekhnicheskoy Fiziki, Vol 28, No ~, Sep 58,
pp 1~Uy-1)12-'
The photoelec:tronic emission of W-Ba0 and Ge-Ba0 cathodes was
studied in the visible part of the spectrum. Tres spsotral character-
istic of the photoefi'ect of a W=BaU cathode satisfies the Fauler
theory as does a pure W-cathode. The value of the pb.otoeffect
threshold was found to be 1.9 e~v. ~I'~xe work. funr:to account by rencrmalizatior~ of the velocity af' th.e
surY'ace recombf~:.aticr_, as this would introduce a change in its spec?ra.l
rela.~'~~c?:c.. Tha analyzed effect is essential at low temperatures.
8`~. Excitors !.n Tor..ic Crystals
">;xcit.nr,s ir.. Ionic Crystals tdi.t:r., Tr~t,erme.d'? ate 1??oizd~~.la.g, "
ry- I. M. Dykman and I. G. Zaslavskaya, Physics Ia.st:ltute,
.~.cademy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR,~ Kiev; Lesii!?.grad, Zhur-
~_.a.l Tokhicheskoy Piz:iki, Val 2~', Tdo 9, Sep 58 pp 1~59~
1 ~~ 5
Exc;ito~:~s iL ionic orystals tirere analyzed using t':~,e meth;~d of :i*~tcr??
mediate bc~nding by 'v'. M. Buymi strov r~.r..d S . I . Pekar [Zh~'IT, 32, 1.19
(1.y5?}.) At all values of the crystal parameters a dr~oli in th.e e~aergy
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'I ~~vcl u.C' tl;.c:~ :~;~:rtern wu;; ohte,ined :Irx comparison with 'lair; hydroSen type,.
Un 1,1:a~ ru~~;e:nini., i:~l" irzter~~eti.c~z1 with tlrc~ lattice the enerL;y value decr.earr~.,
1 1 r~~~~ t.?ly w:i, l.lt n`'c:, and -.; tar?tintJ w:f.th certain va,:Lues the relation ma;r 'hr~-
r?urnr:r 1T1i7):'~:~ 1~,T:.o:r.~~TT,~~r;~cl.. ~Che t;wo c~xciton typc~?s prev:tou.sly ob'taaned by I.
M . li,y l~.ruun. iLrail I Pelca r (Tr.? . Ins t . f i z . A N Ukruir :Lan SSl3, No 3, 92,
1.~'S'-'1 =~?r'~~, :p1T~,'ri.cai.l f r,;~nCircrred, .prom the ?v?.iewpoint of tl~ze more t,en,oral
rne;,hc;~.f., rL;; :Li.ma.ti.r:.~; cat;e~, o:F strongly and weakly bound excitoYis.
`~'7. :~T.~1)r~r. f .iT).ry St,rr,cture oi' NaCI Crystals
":~p:Lri-L.leci;z?~Un Resonance in the Stoichiometric Excess
of a Metal iri Cry:;~ta1s of NaCI Type, " by M. D. Glinehulc
and M. F. Deygen, Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences
-,71:ra:Lrz.i.an SSR, Kiev; Lenint,rad, ZYzurnal Telshnicheskoy
F t r :i.lt t , Vol 28, No ~, Sep 58, pp 191-199
The superfine s?tx?ucture of energy terms of a valence electron of
a metryl atom embedded it the interstice of a lattice of the NaCl type
is computed. The fornT, width, and band intensity of spin-electron
resonance ~n s'toichiometric excess metal atoms were obtained (the
pax?ama.gnetic resonance in the F-centex? of the Gilsh and Pohl model).
The paramagrxetir. resonance in Na atoms embedded in NaCl is analyzed
quantitatively. The results differ qualitatively from the correspond-
ir_~r ones obtained for F-cEnters in the de Doer model. Or_ the basis
of the shape o' t,aud.s o:F paramagnetic resonance, it is then possible
to construct a model for the F-center of various crystals.
88. Reaci,iorxs to Gamma Hays
"I*_tve.,~tiga.tioY:?.s ~~f Some Properties of Gamma--Irradiated Poly-?
zt.zy'1_ezlc," l:s- E. I. Sa.zlliz-r. A. M. Loban.ov, A. L. Golder.-
:.ex?L;, T. iu. SarnTinslcaya, I. A. Maral?;.lior?ov, and S. P. Kabi.rz,
Scic?riti:Fi.c L;e ~caz?ch Institute of Polymer Plastics, Insti-
tut~~ i~F I3i~I~.-Molecular Compounds, Academy of Sciences USSR,
Lerir_U1.~ac1.; Len7.zlgx~ad Zhurnal Telchniehesko I+'_iziki, Vol 28,
i~io ;~, Sep ~8, pP 19;1-199
A.r irvesti~;a'ti.o.n or. infrared. spectra, radiograms, and mechazxica~.
a~ul d..i_elcci:ric Losses in poter_tial ofpolyeth.ylexxe in block :Form :irra-
diat~:a Uy r;anwia rtxys is described. It is shown that at irradiation
do _,,~., up t?a BU?IUE~ r in polyethylene Mocks there occur a jurct?~ on and.
a change q.E' ma.cronro]_ecule s'tx?ucture wY:ich :T,u:;es a change ir_ mecharxicai
and. di.electz?ic L:~sses .
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'I'E`~7.1~I!J?]_i~,ra,t~:: ;.n P:l.~: -c;t'alnc~l Pol, cz t
.__._ ,_ y ?yr, als
"Qp~~.>.ya, Vol ~, No Z.,
A mPt}~ed :is indicated fnr clarify:;.rg tl:.e possibility qf' ~_dentifi-
cation of cis- acid trans-isc!n~srs oE' etl.^.~}r1e.*.?e der:L?~at:I.ves o*z tl^e t.asis
of ocillatory speoi:ra. A model com~~utatia~:: 3.s carried. out of b~eta??
oscillatic~.'zs for some disubst:t~t;~.z-:?ed efir,;yle;~~~ derivatives and o?~~. '.,he
basis of ar. aixalysis of the d~-~pen;iexxcea ef' beta??f requex~.cies Gn various
parameters, the probable 1~m-? ~ s a.r. e ir,.di.cate:d of applying the analogy
concerr_ing t}~e position of i-~eta.--fre~~ue~x,^ies for the idFr~.tif'~.catioAz of
cis- and trans--isomers cf s:Lm'? ar co.?npou.~~ds .
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~~;; . Calculat3.or?. o.C U~rivat:f.vcc of Vi.brat~?,on I+requencies
"Improved Metk?od n!:' Calculating Partial Derivatives of
Norma:L V~ibrat?~on frequencies :i.n Polyatomic Molecules on
tkze 13a~~ i.. of 1)aPi c:rent Parameters, " l:~y' L. S . Mayan'ts,
Ii:s t3'titte of Ur~;ar..aclemer_tal Compounds, Academy of Sci-
ences USSR; Mos :owe Ox~tika :1. S ~elsi;roskc,opi~a, Vol 5, No kE,
Oct 58, Pp 378..38:
Are improved method .s de~~rl,sed :Cor computing the values of partial
derivatives :E'rcnn the frequeh.cies of normal oscillations of molecules
on the 'basis of Different parameters on wb.ich they depend.
9k~ . Rotational Spectrum of.` Water
"Rotational Spectrum of YI20 in the Loa.g-Wavelength Infra-
red Region 50-1500 ~, (200 - Z cm-1)," by N. G. Yaroslav-
skiy and A. Ye. Star~cv:Lch, State Optical Institute imeni
Vavilov; Moseow, 't:I.ka i S~ektrosko~i.ya, Vol 5, No ~,
Oct 58, Pp 38?~?392
A specially devised vacuum spectrometer DIItS?-1 recording long
waves was used with a z~.ew opticoacoustic radiation receiver and a
set of diffraction gratings with con.star..ts from 0.0833 to 2.5 mm.
The optimal resolution was 0.2 to 0.3 cm'?l; the accuracy in determin-
ing wave numbers, 0.02 cm"1; anal tb.e precision ir_ determining inten-
sities, 5??10;x. About 100 absorption bards of rotational spectra of
vcpo.rs of H2O 3k+ of wh:'.ch were detected for the first time, were
recorded in the region c;f. 50.1500 l.u. A full interpretation of the
rotational spec trt;m of H2O was giver., as~d :Lt was shown that the found
experime~rtal values of ware numbers of bards agree, within the error
margin, with tkie compuf ed T,ral.ues .
95. Infrared Spectroscopy
"Thermal Radiation Baekg~rc~ard ir. T.n..frared Spectroscopy,"
bzr g, j, ,t;F.)-,an.ov ar!.d. Ya,. S. HIivasbchevskaya, Institute of
Physics and MatHematice; Acac~.emy of Scier~.ces Belor%.ssiam SSR,
Belorussian State tJniversfity i~rer,! Lenin; Moseow, ~. tika i
Spektrosko~iya~, 1~'0l 5, No ~~, Oct 58y pp 393??~+a3
Forr;.ulas are derived wreck: malte ~t possible to take into account
the thermal. emission of a rad.iatiotd receiver a:~d of tb.e vessel witri
the investigated material. The concept of negative radiation flora
g3
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is introduced. The possib:tli~ty of rnalcing use of cold bodies (sources
of ligtzt) for the determ:i.nati.on of absorption coefficieni,s was proved.
Methods for det.ez-mining the ~ternperature dependence of absorption co??
efficients talcin~; into account the thermal radiation background are
cievit;ecl. A mctlzod o:f determir_ing rho absorption coefficient from
measurements of thermal emission of a plar..e parallel layer is proposed.
An e;cperiruental check o:f the theory i.s carried out.
96. Erciton Absor~_tion
"On Optical Characteristics of Molecular Crystals in the
Re~,ion of Excitors Absorption, " by A. F. Lubchenko, Physics
Institute, Academy of Sciences Ukrairian SSR; Moscow,
Optilca i Spelctrosltopiya, Vol 5, No 4, Oct 58, pp 401+--1+14
In, an approximation to a weak bond ~i;he general expressions were
obtained :for the extinr.~tion coefficient )(, the refraction index n.,
and th.e gyration. vector `~ of molecular crystals in the region of
exciton absorption.. Art,ual computations of the relation of- n, x, anal
~'to the frequency of the incident light were carried out for an iso-
tropic crystal, considered as a De?'-~ye co.rtinuum, with the Born condi-
tion for the determi.ratiox~?s of tnA maX at T ~ 0. For this case the
relation of n, ~(, and ~to the effective exeito:o. mass was found.
97. I'luorescerzce Spectra,
- s
"Corlcerzr.ing the Effect of Temperature c~a Fluorescence
Spectra of Phthalimi.de Derivat,~ives, " by V. V. Zelinskiy
and V. P. ltclobltov, State Optical :1nstitute; Moscow,
Ch~tika i S~ektrosko~~a, "trot. ~, Nis 4, Oct 58, pp 423-427
The positions of f:Luorescezice spectra of sol~tians of various
phtlzalimide derivati4'aS at -.1~E;?C were compared with those at 20oC.
It was shown. that the successive a,-~t~ion of selver;*s on th.e fl.uoreseence
spectra exhibited at 20oC and gcvc.rned i:,y the chemical nature of the
solvent -ls completely destroyed whez:~. tl~r temperature drops to ?-196?C.
The differex:t ac~-~ior.. of media o:n fluorescez;ce spectra as a result of
the reduction of temperature is ascribed to the independent action of
several. factos?s an th.e ::pectray prinraril.y a temperature expar_~.si.on or
dilation. and a change in. tl.~e rigidity of tb.e medium.
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9~3 .
S~ctra of roll.oids
"On Spe~~tral Pr~i?e.rtfr:s aF' Soiid Co11c3,c1a.1 S~.yers of
Dyc:stuF:['s, " try L,. A. Z~yzi~?.a, Statu Op ;ica7. Ix.stitute
ime.r..i Vav:i.1;~?v; Moec:awy O~ti..lca_i Spelstrosk:a ~i,;~, ~'ol 5,
No 1~, Oct 5~, Pp 1~2n-i~3r _._
So1_id two-?dime~zaic~Y?~..1 colloidal .layers of a ;number of dyestuffs
w~~r?~~ obtaY.s;.ed ar?,d tl~.eir a,bsorpt.-Lon spectra measured.. The conditiozas
of obta~L~~.iz?g co?_:1.oida.I. layers by depositing, dyestuffs from trz.ie solu-
tioszs were stucl.i.~d. 1'1; was established that the layers may be either
amorphous or crysi;al.1::.:ae with correspond.ir~;1.y different spectral ~prop-
rVr?~iE'~,
9~. Abc.orptio:~:s S~e~tra_of L~estu:t'fs
".Absorption Spectra ox So:1?:Ld Films of Orgaxaic Dyestuffs,"
by N~ M. Melar?ltholin, :Lr:.st3,tute o:~:' Crysta?lography, Acad-?
~:my of Sciences USSR; Moscow, O~tika i Spelttroskop3.ya,
iTol 5, No ~+, Oct 5F3, pp 435??39
Absorption spectra of dyestuff f-I.lrr-s deposited on solid supports
have bee., stu,died.. :Ct i.s sh.cw;. that if the absorpticr. spectra of dye-
stu:C:P crystals are 1tp?.otr>>.y amorphous films may be distinguished from
crysta..lli7.e r.~nes, arzd the or,er,;,atioa of microcrystals in the films
may also be d.eter~ni~~ed..
100. Weakl?y ,Absc~rb3..r..E~Sca~t_tertr..g i~4ed9?um.
"Cc->~?d_l,tion.s .~:f'feci;i.*.~o :Gigh.t Wzth:L~~~ a Wza~~1y l~.bsorbia~
Sr_a?tteri~~.g Medi~~x!i a:~d Some Poss3.bil_~1-,ies of Spectrc?-
scopy," "by G. ti". Roze;.~ber~;- 2.u.st:Ltuto of ~ysics cf
tb.e Atmosp .ere; Moscow, ,O~itika Spektroskopi,~a, iTol 5,
No 1+, Oct 58, Pp L.~40??Y~~9
'Fh.^ ~c-o::,dii.ions pertaiz~,iL~.g to iigl2t within.? a wea.~ly absorbing isa-
tropic scatt.erfr!g medium are anal.yod, I?t :?.s s':?own t~.a,t with the ir,.??
crease of" the specifz.c absorbing p;~wer of t':.,o medium ':,he stationary
t.rxtens%ty body ela7agates w_tl: t3a.e result -that a stationary polari.~.a-
tior?. of tine emission f s produced. Z:~.e relatio;~ of tl?,e ra,diatio~z Jntez~,-
si+y to the depth is ex~?ressed by an. exponential law witl? an attazzuwtior_
co:n.start di.fferex?.t. from tl,.e extinction coeft'?'cierzt and proport_onal .,.~z
first a.ppr~~ximatLoW to the square root from t~,e product. of the abuc:rpt:ion
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coe.t':Cicient and the extinction coe!'fieien~ta the eoeffictent cf propor-
tionality depends on the type of the scatt~:ring ir~.dicatrtx. ~;pectro-
scopic applications o:t: the obtained. ruled are indicated.
101. Optic Con:~tants of Copper and Gold
"On 'the Optical Constants of Copper and Gold, " by M. V.
Savostyanova, State Optical Institute imer_i Vavilov;
Moscow, _Optika i'. ,j~,el~?troalco~p~.., Vol 5, No 1+, Oct 58,
PP 1~~5-~72
l;xperimental spectral curves of weakening obtained for colloidal
copper solutions were compared with those computed according to the
Mie-?Rayleigh theory. I:t is shown by this comparison that the spectral
behavior of values of ,optical constants of copper obtained by M. P.
Givens (J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 1+5, 229, 1955) cannot be correct.
102. Dispersing Light Filters
"Spectrophotometric Properties of Dispersion Light filters,"
ley A. F. Ivanov, State Optical Lnstitute imeni Vavilov; Mos-
cow, Opt:tlca i Spektroskopiya, Vol 5, No 1+, Oct 58, PP 1+73-
~77
The transmission and polarization spectra of dispersing light fil-
ters were studied, as we11 as their indicatrices of dispersion. The
possibility is indicated of applying these light filters for dimming
the light in a r_arrow spectral range.'
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103. Polytechnic Tns~k-?.Ltu'te Es'tabl_ished in Riga
"In the New Institute," by 0. Ivanov; Riga, Sovetskaya
Latviya, ~+ Sep 58, p 2
The Riga Polytechnic Institute (Rizhskiy Politekhnicheskiy Insti~u't)
was established recently in the City of Riga. It is located on Komsomol'-
skaya Naberezhnaya. The institute has a Faculty of Construction, a Fac-
ulty of Mechanics, a Faculty of Electrical Power Engineering, a Correa-
spondence Faculty, and an enrollment of 3,200 students. The institute
also has a Laboratory of Isotopes, a Laboratory of Steam Technology, a
Laboratory of [Metal] Cutting (Rezaniya), and others, including a soon
to be established experimental laboratory.
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