TOWARD LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OF THE C.I.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R001100090001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 135
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 8, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1971
• Content Type: NSPR

THE NEw YORK UNIVERSITY JOURN.AL OF
Approved For Release AIPAcchot :4wRYSAIT-T1601R00110
TOWARD LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OF THE
STANLEY N. FU1TERMAN*
I. INTRODUCTION
? Eveiy few years the C.I.A. is rediscovered. The inspiration is
rarely the same: Guatemala in 1954; the U-2 incident in 1960; the
Bay of Pigs in 1961; support for the National Students Association
in 1967. This year it is mainly Laos.
How far the Nixon Administration has been forced to come in
the past year in acknowledging the C.I.A.'s role- in Laos may be
seen by a comparison of two official reports. In March, 1970, in
response to increasingly detailed newspaper reports arid rising pres-
sures from Congress, President Nixon issued a 3,000 word statement
on Laos, including a nine point description of "the precise nature
of our aid to Laos."1 There was no mention of the Central intelli-
gence Agency. On August 3, 1971 the Senate Foreign Relations -
Committee released a staff report on the situation in Laos, cleared
for publication by the Administration after 5 weeks of negotiation
with the Committee staff. The published report reflects numerous
deletions insisted on by the Administration but includes the now
officially conceded revelation that "the most effective [friendly]
??military force in Laos is not the Royal Lao Army, but the...irregu-
lar forces which are trained, equipped, supported, advised, and to
? a great extent, organized by the C.I.A."2
There have been revelations about CIA: foreign operations
before and official or semi-official confirmations of them. 'What is
unusual about the official confirmations of C.I.A. operations in
Laos is that they have been TOrCed; out of the Administration while
the activities are still in progress., The revelations come also at a
time when the Congress is heavily -engaged in an effort to legislate
limits to the President's discretion in foreign affairs.
These events. have led to the introduction in the present Con-
gress of s.everal bills which comprise the first proposed legislation
intended to bring the C.I.A.'s foreign operations under substantive
legislative restraints. It is not that past years were without con-
gressional flurries over the C.J.A. Over the years some 132 bills had
. been introduced either to establish standing committees to oversee .
the C.I.A.'s activities or to authorize special investigations of the
C.I.A.'s role. Not one passed, and only two ever reached the floor
of even one House, where both Were decisively defeated by better
, than two-thirds majorities.3 The remarkable thing is that the activity
was all confined. to jurisdictional battles within the Congress. The
traditional issue has been which small group of Senators and Rep-
? resentatives would be privy to the doings of the C.I.A.
Not until 1967 was the first bill introduced to limit what the
C.I.A. could do with its funds: Rep. Ryan's measure to prohibit the
C.I.A. from contributing funds to domestic organizations.4 The
Johnson Administration avoided what surely would have been con-
siderable pressure for such legislation only by announcing that all
? existing covert financial assistance to the nation's educational and
private organizations would be terminated by about the end of the
year.5 More recently, Congress ha S compelled the Nixon Administra-
tion-to terminate covert C.I.A. funding of Radio Free Europe and
Approved
aadio Liberty and forced it 'to seek legislation to provide open goy-
. eF
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isn
d1s Liberty liar* Hit y
BY FRANK STARR ? ?
[Washington Bureau Chief]
Mem Tribune Press Service)
WASHINGTON, Dec. 16?Ra-
dio Liberty, one of the chief
n o n -Communist sources of
news for Soviet citizens, may
have to start selling its trans-
mitters to meet appropriations
cuts enacted by Congress, a
source close to the operation
said today.
? The decision already has
been taken to liquidate some
Radio Liberty activities devel.z
oped over a period of 20 years,
the source said, altho these ac-
tivities could not be identified
pending notice to affected em-
,ployes.
Radio Free Europe, funded
with Radio Liberty and suffer-
ing the same budget cuts, will
be required to violate existing
labor contracts with the Amer-
ican Newspaper Guild by not
honoring negotiated three-year
raises, William Durkee, its
president, said.
End Funding by CIA
The funding crisis for the
two stations arose out of a
still -unresolved controversy
opened last January When Sen.
Clifford Case [11., NI. J.] pro-
posed ending clandestine fund-
ing for the stations thru the
Central Intelligence Agency in
favor of direct government
funding.
While not objecting to public
funding, as opposed to CIA
funding, the Nixon administra-
tion sought to establish an in-
dependent nonprofit corpora-
tion to fund and administer the
radios so they would not be-
come official voices of the gov-
ernment.
After stormy hearings in
which Chairman J. William
Fulbright ID., Ark.] of the
Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee suggested killing both
overseas radio operations, the
Senate passed a bill calling for
studies of the operations and
one year's funding, of $35 mil-
lion thru the State Depart-
ment.
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Slash i Funds
Conferees Cut Funds
? The House on Nov. 30
passed, 211 to 12, a bill provid-
ing $36 million thru the chair-
man of a proposed commission
on international radio broad-
casting which would study the
operations, make recommenda-
tions, and cease to exist in
1973.
However, compromise be-
tween the two bills became
hung up in the confrontation
between Senate and House
leaderships over foreign aid
authorizations. Pending author-
ization, Senate-House conferees
on Dec. 9 slashed a supplemen-
tal appropriations bill, Qutting
the radio funds to $32 million.
Even if a continuing resolu-
tion is passed before the cur-
rent session closes, it must al-
low only $32 million for both
stations, three-quarters of
whose expenditures are for
personnel living in Europe.
Thus both are facing in addi-
tion to sharp budget cuts, high-
er operating costs due to re-
duction in the value of the dol-
lar abroad.
gets about $19 million of the
$32 million for both stations
but which raises, in addition,
more than $3 million privately
each year, faces a less-urgent
situation but will be unable to
participate in annual salary
raise negotiations in West Ger-
many, Durkee said.
Audience of 31 Million
He added that if funds are
not provided in 1973, it, too,
will have to start curtailing op-
erations.
Based primarily in West
Germany, Radio Free Europe
broadcasts in their own lan-
guages to Poland, Czechoslova-
kia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and
Romania on an average of 15
hours a day from 32 transmit-
ters. It counts an estimated
audience of 31 million people.
Both stations seek to main-
tain a semblance of independ-
ence of the United States gov-
ernment so, unlike the Voice
of America, they can be free
to broadcast commentary and
other material on internal af-
fairs of the Communist coun-
On Air 24 Hours Daily tries.
Radio Liberty broadcasts 24
hours a day in 20 Soviet lan-
guages to the Soviet Union and
is, in the current crisis, the
only non-Communist source of
news of the Indian-Pakistani
war for the large Soviet Mos-
lem population of Central Asia..
Of eight transmitters in West
Germany, six in Spain, and
three on Taiwan, all but one or
two may have to be sold,
sources said, which would
mean loss of frequencies, air
time, and geographical cover-
age.
Radio Free Europe, which
S
CIIRMIAN SCIEnE oi STATINTL
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?,
'Letters from readers are welcome. All
are subject to condensation. Views given.
are not necessarily those of the paper.
iVoices of freedom.
To Mc Chrisi ScionCe Monitor: .
; May I offer some 'comments on Radio
? Free Europe and Radio Liberty, an issue
which has been discussed in your columns
and raised in Congress recently.
' During my tenure as National Director
of Intercultural Affairs of the Anti-Defame-
tion League of B'nai B'rith, I was person!,
ally acquainted with these important broad-
casting institutions; indeed, from their in-
ception. Therefore, I feel I can speak with
/some authority on the subject.
Radio Free Europe ,and Radio Liberty,
and I want to stress this point most emphat-
ically, have invariably defended all individ-
uals' and groups of people, regardless of
-their nationality- or religion, against per-
secution by Cothinunist regimes.
.For many years, excerpts 'regarding Jews
.and Judaism from the press behind the
Iron Curtain were made available to me
Through the 'courtesy of the Free Europe
organizations. But above all, I was alWays
.deeply impressed by RFE's broadcasts,
_which consistently combated the anti-Semi-
tism fermented by Communist regimes,
,particularly in Poland and the Soviet Union.
Of special value _and _importance have been
the untiring efforts of RFE and Radio Lib-
?erty to unmask a recently initiated anti-
Semitic campaign in Poland and tb en-
courage the 'Polish people to stand strong -
against this new totalitarian provocation,
Radio 'Liberty broadcast back ? to the
:U.S.S.R. many letters, petitions, and dec-
larations from Soviet Jews, thus providing
foium.,from whieh the feelings and de-
-sires expressed in these appeals were being
.made known to millions of listeners?Jews
and non-Jews alike ? inside the 'U.S.S.R..-
.Radio Liberty has consistently been stress- ?
?ing for. its Jewish lisfeners an awareness
;Of their religious, national, and cultural.
My nany Conversations with several
people, recent arrivals in the United States
from Poland, -who had been forced to leave
the country of their birth as a result of
anti-Jewish discriminations and anti-
Semitic campaigns, confirmed this knowl-
edge. They stressed the fact that .as Jews
they would have been even more defense-
less against the Communist assault if in its
daily broadcasts Radio Free Europe had
not exposed these lies' and distortions.
Some years ago I, myself, had an Op-
portunity to see RFE at Work during a visit,
? to. Poland. ?. ? .
. All this may account for the re-cent ef-
forts of Communist diplomats to silence
both Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty..
I am convinced that to yield to the 'pres-,
sures of Communist .tyranny, ? thereby
silencing and muzzling this voioe of -free-
dom, would be counter to the best inter-
ests and traditions of the United States, in-
cluding its Congress.
;Rome ?Joseph L. Lichten
?
?
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7 DEC. 1971
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Chicago Sun-Times
WASHINGTON The Central
Intelligence Agency luis secretly
claimed a large 'share .of credit
for th,e rise of the liberal and ill-
fated Dubc'ek regime in
Czechoslovakia in 1938..
- The specific claim is that Ra-
dio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty ? two CIA broadcasting
stations in West Germany ?
were instrumental in provoking
the ouster of Antonin Novotny, a
ICzechoslovakia so, 0 gested."
pro-Soviet Stalinist, as head of
AMONG THOSE taking part
were the late Allen Dukes, first
director of the CIA, and Richard v -
Bissell, former deputy director
for plans (clan-ziestine opera-
tions). ,
During the discussion, one of
the participants, obviously
relying upon .CJA information,
declared: "A couple of much-
criticized public media projects
(cited by name) had proven or
value, as the fall of Novotny in
'Other reliable intelligence
the Czech Communist party.;
sources confirmed that the
' Alexander Dubcek replaced
censored projects cited were
Novotny in January, nes and
REF.: and RL. The sources said
established a major program of
the two stallions successfully
liberation that led to the Soviet
disparaged Novotny. as an at
the following August. (plated Stalinist and played up
IN JUSTIFYING the im:asien, the possibility of reform through
Moscow alleged that members ytoPian socialism.
of the . Dubcek ?reginie were
plotting with Western. agents to
upset the Communist sytem in
- Czechoslovakia. . .. ...
But Senate sources, who have
investi.sated the activities . of
EFE and EL, discounted any
parallel to the Hungarian upris-
ing in 1953, when REF: was ac-
cused of encouraging the
insurgents to expect the United
States 'to intervene militarily
agal.nst the Russians. -
A close check of subsequent ..
transmissions, one source said,
? ? showed that the two stations -'
have scrupulously avoided any
Statements implying that the
United States might come to the
. aid of liberal, anti-SOviet
,regimes in Eastern Europe. .
.i , . .
" THE FATE of REF. and RL is
in the.hatOs of a Senate-House
conference committee debating
. ho(V to shift . their . operations
from the CIA to above-board ,
government control. Emergency'
financing for the stations ends
today but enough CIA funds are
thought to be on hand to keep
them going until Congress .final-
. - Ty makes up its mind. i
I. The CIA's role in the events in
Cze.choslovAin came to light in
a .confidential - report by. the
Council on Foreign Relations
that .has. been, obtained by the
Chicago Sun,Times. .
The report contains a digest of
a discussion between severs! ..
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Jan. 8, 1V), throe days allot:.
Dubc.ek replaced Novotny.
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?
Radio Free Europe's Continuing, Value
At this moment of some promise. in East-West
affairs?when a completed Berlin agreement, mu-
tual troop-cut talk's, a presidential .trip to, Moscow
and a European security conference are all on
the near horizon?it behooves the United States
to do what it can to ensure that the Europe which
emerges from these diplomatic ministrations is an
open Europe and not one that remains divided
and closed. To pursue political settlements that
would in effect put a 'Western imprimatur on'
Soviet efforts to seal off the East would run counter
to the values' as well as the political interests of
the West. President'Nixon, we believe, understands
this yery
There is currently at stake, however, the very
existence of what we believe to be a particularly
important channel of East-West communication,
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. Broadcast-
ing to East Europe- and the Soviet Union respec-
tively, they offer news and -comment on local af-
fairs which are censored by the local press and
radio and which cannot be easily provided by an
official station like the Voice of America. The CIA
ran RFE and RL for years. The Congress stripped
that cover last year but has yet to agree on how
or even whether to finance and run them in the
future. They are hanging on a continuing resolu-.
tion which expires Dec. 8.
Both houses agree on the principles of interim
financing and study. But where the Senate would
have the State Department run RFE and RL 10,1
a year pending expert Senate-ordered studies of
their policy and operations, the House would set
up an administration-dominated commission both
to study and run them for two years. Plainly, the
stations' future would be more assured under the
House version but. the Senate, whose bill it is that
the House amended, holds the high cards in their
imminent conference. Our own principal concern
is that the conference act and not leave the sta-
tions in limbo any longer. We believe that any
serious study, regardless of its sponsorshipf will
confirm the worth and continuing relevance of
RFE and RE in a period of developing* detente.
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ST. LOU pKived ForlReleas
POST-DIS ETCH
SWINTL
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'S 54it27668 .
N9, V 2
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1..P1
By TAYLOR ?E.NSONEAU
A Staff Correspondent of the Post-Dispateh .
1 re'
L) / Vie:,
WASHINGTON, Nov. 26.
H. 'ATTE BELEAGUERED- CONGRESSIONAL minority that has:
'..fought to pry loose the Government's .secret figures on intelligence
i- expenditures. mounted a challenge this week, that though unsuccessful,
? .?
i:may make the objective more attainable.___..
f ? "
in 1!
r.) ;
1LIL Ail
-"One of the thiinzs that weaet
! ries me most of Ed1S. that I do;
not ceo ally reason why. we
I should pass appropriations for
- the CIA to organize an army,
pay the. trobps and conduct a
full-scale war in Laos," Ful-
bright Said.
"Yet people of this country
think we have p democracy in
which a war, if one is to be
! fought, has to be declared by
Congress. Yet Congress did not
know about the war. in Laos
until it was well under way."
' When prodded by fellow Sen-
ators, Ellender- conceded that
he 'did not know in advance
? about CIA financing of any army
in Laos.. He said further that
he had "nei or asked, to begin
with, whether or not there were
any funds to carry on the war
in this sum the CIA ha S asked
fort!'
"It never davined on me, to
ask about it," Mender said, "I
did see it publicized in . the
newspapers some time- ago." !
.Fulbright and his allies point-
ed to Elienden; statement as a
prime exaraple of the necessity
for greater congressional aware-
ness of undercover activities.
Ellender became a prime tar-
get of the Symington side, be-
cause of an occurrence last!
week that the Missourian re-
lated to the Senate Tuesday..!
Symington, when asking staff
members of the Appropriations
Committee about intelligence
'a o
figures, was told tht they otild
Although an attempt by Senator Stuart
I SYmington (Dem.), Missouri, to limit in-
telligence outlays was rebuffed by the
.. ?
Senate as expected, an 'increasing num-
; bar of members?including some of Sy-
mington's opponents?predicted that the
' day would come when Congress was no
longer in the dark on the country's Un-
- dercover activities.
t Possibly most significant, the debate.
:
en Symington's proposal brought out
that the seemingly broad war being or-
,,J. ganized and financed in Laos by the
' Central Intelligenee Agency may finally Vi-M
persuade sbinie"ottalrhesitarit mem-
-. hers of Congress to assert themselves
! More in this ticklish field.
?
- THE MOST SUCCINCT appraisal of
Symington's effort came from one of
;. the opponents, Senator Charles Mathias
? Jr.' (Rep.), Maryland, who remarked
- moments before the vote that the Mis-
sourian had focused "our attention on
water that is not only muddy, but ac-
, tually Murky."
' "Many members may be reluctant to
i stir, this water for fear of what they
may find," Mathias said. "I think we
i
. cannot delay much longer in turning our
1 attention in this direction for fear that
lit what is there may evade our examine-
tion and our concern." '
This feeling may be 'realized sooner
- than expected because a number of
: Senators,- in the wake of the Symington .
!, matter, said they would ,push for an
executive session by the Senate to con-
sider the Intelligence question. It could
mean a major breakthrough for those
of Symington's persuasion?especially if,
a censored transcript was made public
? and undercover. endeavors by the armed
forces. .
. Many observers regard Symington's
! move as the moat determined attempt
? yet to force Congress to account at least
somewhat for the activities of these
agencies.
Although waste and duplication in many
of the intelligence operations were given
as the most o bv ious reasons for the
iamendment, the greater intent was to
'provide Congress, and the American pub-
!lie, with more insight into both the do-
mestic and foreign activities of these
agenciet.
USING HIMSELF as an example, Sym-
ington contended that he had been unable
to determine the appropriations this year
for intelligence, even though he is a mem-
ber of the Foreign Relations Committee
and the Armed Services Committee as
weJl as an ex-officio member of
the ApPropriations Committee.
?
?
Senator J: William Fulbright
! (Dem.), Arkansas, asserted in
the debate Tuesday that the
Missourian should not feel in.
.nulte'd because noltodte had dis-
covered where the intelligence
funds were in the defense ap.
later.
? ,
SYMINGTON sought to amend the De-
-partment of Defense appropriations bill
sfor fiscal 1972 to place a 4-billion-dollar !
ceiling on intelligence outlays. Most esti-
mates put this yearly expenditure cur-
rently at more than 5 billlian dollars.
, The proposed limit, which the Senate
/rejected Tuesday 59 to 31, would have
applied to the CIA, the National Security
i?Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency
!.ington answere ut y
aren't the . rest of us to be,
trusted', too?"
Ellender was not hushed in
. his rebuttal as he told the Sen-
ate that "this method of appro-
priating funds for these intelli-
gence activities has been in
. elfect for at least 20 years that
I know of, since- I have been
on the committee."
Only a few persons consider
those funding requests because
Of the sensitivity of the subject, .
Ellender said. In addition, he
expressed an opinion of many
of Symington's opponents in say-
ing that the intelligence field was
too much of a hot poao to
"discuss in the open."
THIS APPROACH was adopt-
ed -by Young al's?, who asserted .
that proper defense. of 'the CIA
in the debate would require
.documentation of activities that
could not be done. ?
."Spying is a dirty business,' ?
but it is a business every nation .
in the world engages in," Young
said. "RuSsia does a bigger
job of it than we do. You can
not disclose secret informatien."_
-In an action earlier thit? yeat
against the use of intelligence .
funds, the Senate passed a bill
that would provide $35,000,006 .
in fiscal 1972 for financing the ?
operations of Radio Free Eu- -
rope and Radio Liberty through
the Secretary of State.
The measure, sponsored by
Senator Clifford P. Case (lattea,),!a
New Jersey, is intended to di-1
'ipropriations measure. vorce the CIA from the funding
! oWhen they read a line item 'discuss the matter only with of the stations. Radio Free Eu-
.and find that there is so much Ellender and four other senior!" rope, beamed to eastern Eu-
;for aircraft, or for a carrier, members of the panel.. rope, and Radio L i b e r t y,
:those may or ma t*/ not be the "THIS iva,wis that these bit- , beamed to the Soviet Union,
real amounts," Fulbright said. lion of dollars of the taxpay- operate in West Germany, os-
ers'. money are being authorized tensibly on private contribu-
' REPLYING Senator' Allen J. 3 IA appropriated by the Senate tions. ,
Ellencler (Dent:), Louisiana, with the knowledge and approv- How-ever, Case said in Jariu.
!chairman of the Appropriatic;as .!!'. of just five of its members," ary that funds had been ex-
!Committee. and a main opocrien a-iiington contenled. Inc other pended from secret CIA budg-
!of Symington's amendment, ?nii..1 ? ioer are Senators d'ehn L. Mc- ets to pay almost totally for
that there was no specific ap- (Dem.), Arkansas; the costs of the sta.?
propriations for Intelligente ae- (':'?'llarld itions
' tivities. "They are funded om
John C. Stennis (Dem.), Missis- The House has approved a
many different attpropr a n fr
si,ppi; Milton R. Young (Rep), bill providing for a corimlission
included in the bill iSios
North Dakota, and Margaret to conduct a twe-year study of
," be said.
Much of. th argumew Chase Sril F?
ith (Rep 1 ain' ' 'the stations. Continued funding
e ' il',..-. 7- ''' -
-week centered on the CIA, Symington's mention of this of them would be channeled
which came under comerr -..,;ca i , matter coisstituted an attack on through the commission. A corn-
scrutiny earlier this ,,,e. - foe i- the syet..n, aniS theeefore, pos- promise between the two bills
clandestine role in the ibly ? his sht ,.?,-st tab of the will have to be worked out in
ay. As ths ii7''Tal?t ensued, a conference ? between the two
-tiens of Radio Free. Enart -
Radio Libert a In 'us one of Cot: e's.e.1 rear Sym-;housats...of,cloo.7,resste.......?..
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*.bright. we?s particularly ean:i6r.t. "I in not trusteo, I qui .
of the.. CIA ?- "You're to be treated," Sym-.
'
LI
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iciouse
Ote,'S
?
atho ree. Europe J.: mids lat. 2 Yep
; By BERNARD GWERTZMAN review and evaluate interim-
. spetiat come isrv,v York Tiza tional radio broadcasting and
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19 ? related activities of Radio Free
The House of Representatives Europe and Radio Liberty."
approved an administration- A report would be submitted
backed measure today that to the President for transmis-
would provide fund to keep sion to Congress by Nov. 30,
Radio Liberty and Radio Free 1971, but the stations would be
Europe alive for at least two given funds until June 30, 1973.
more years. Broadcasts to Soviet Bloc
, .
By a; Vote Of 271 to. 12, the Radio Free .Europe, establishe
House paved the way for the in 1950, and Radio Liberty, in
creation of a nine-mat corn- 1951, broadcast to the peoples
mission to study end make gf ? Communist countries . in
recommendations on the future Europe. Radio . Free Europe
of -the' controversial stations. beams its rograms to wbulgaria,
Until this year they had been Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Po-
clandestinely financed .by the land and. Rumania. Radio Lib-
Central Intelligence Agency. erty directs its broadcasts to
e The House bill, which had the Soviet Union.
been reported out by the Foreign A report submitted to the
Affairs Committee represented House by Representative year when Senator Clifford P.
a ebillpronlise between -a ineas- Thomas E. Morgan of Pennsyl- Case, Republican of New Jer-
sey;. disclosed that the C.I.A.
had been financing them. He
said he would support ? their
continuation but only if their
funds were openly appropriated
by Congress.
.,_. __ ?
. _ . ., ? .
extensively from the . unpub- submitted-a proposal for a non-
lished manuscripts .. that are Private International Communi-
smuggled to the West. ?
Both radio organizations also cations, Inc., which would have
have reSearch and monitoring profit American Council .. for
staffs that publish material on been inde.penant Of the 'Gel/-
developments in the Communist ernment but financed by Con-
world. gres. The Senate- Foreign. Re-
Because tile stations ? often lations Cdmmittee rejected this
broadcast .material otherwise proposal and pushed through
not available in the Communist the Senate a stopgap - one-year
media, the Soviet Union and its measure providing $35-million
allies have long sought their through- the ?State Department.
abolition. They are both based The Administration objected
in Munich, so the Communist to the Senate bill .because it
Governments have put pressure sought to disassociate_ the two
on the West German Govern. stations from the United States
merit to have the stations re- Government. The - Voice' of
moved. ?AMerica, an arm of the Govern-
Senate Reects Proposal ' . ment reflects Ameilcan Policy,
j -
but Radio Free Europe and Ra-
The future of the stations dio Liberty, which often are
became an issue earlier this lore 'incisive in their, n criticism;
o .no. ' ?
;
The . Administration said.. it
would support the compromise
offered by. . Representative
Dante B..Fascell, Democrat. of
Florida, which set .up the tem-
porary Commission and. ' fi-
nanced the stations for. two
T he Nixon Administration years. .
tire adopted earlier by the Sen-
ate calling for direct funding
for one year through the Score-
tarY of State and the original
Administration bill for the crea-
tion .of a permanent nonprofit
organization to administer the
stations.
! Bill Returned to Senate
The bill now goes back to the
Senate for further action: Back-
ers of the House measure ex-
pect opposition from Senator J.
W. Fulbright, chairman of the
Foreign Relations - Committee,
who has shown little sympathy
for 'continuing the stations,
'which he has called. "vestiges
Of the cold war."
e Under the provisions of the
House measure, 536-million
would be authorized for the cur-
rent fiscal year ending June
30, 1972, and $35.5-million for
the 1973 fiscal year. No other
Government financing would be
permitted.
A. nine-man Commission on
;InternationaliRadio Broadcast-
ing, with two .members each
from - the -House, Senate, ; and
Administration, and three from
private.. life, including . bread-
vania, chairman of the Foreign
Affairs Committee, said that in
the early nineteen-fifties, Radio
Free Europe engaged in psycho-
logical' warfare and its broad-
casts Were w"polemical and pol-
litically oriented."
But by the mid-nineteen-fif-
ties, the report said, "it dropped'
this approach and ?developed
highly professional staff with
specialized linguistic and re-
search capabilities."
"The focus is upon objective'
and accurate news reporting'
and balanced commentaries,"
the report said, "The current
emphasis is to give encourage-
ment to the indigenous forces
of .peaceful reform and to pro-
vide a mechanism for increas-
ing within authoritarian govern-
ments the public accountability
of public officials for their pub-
lic acts." ??? ? ?
The report said hat Radio
Liberty initially .aimed at "lib-
eration" of the Soviet Union,
but this soon shifted to "liberal-
ization." It saidthat the station
offered "positive alternatives to
the Soviet system, couched in
friendly _tones." Radio Liberty,
which is heavily jammed by the
cast experbi would set up 'to Soviet Union. also broadcasts
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Nuv 197-I
ouse:
verseas Braadcasts
New York Times News Service
The House has approved a
? 'N ix on administration-backed
,measure that will provide funds
to keep Radio Free Europe and
,Radio Liberty alive for another 2
years.
By a vote of 271 to 12 yester-
Ilay, the House paved the way
for creation of a nine-man corn-
:mission to make recommenda-
? tions on the future of the contro-
versial stations, which until
./ this year had been funded pri-
if ninny by the Central Intelli-
gence Agency.
? The House bill, which had
been reported out by the For-
. eign Affairs Committee, repro-
. .
STATI NTL
sented a compromise between a . Under the provisions of the
Home measure, $36 million
would be authorized for the 1972
fiscal. year, which started July,
and $38.5 million for fiscal 1973.
No other government funds
would be permitted.
A commission with two mem-
bers each from the House, Sen-
ate, and administration and three
from outside of government, in-
cluding broadcast experts,
would "review and evaluate in-
ternational radio broadcasting
and related activities of Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liber-
ty."
measure passed earlier by the
Senate, which called for direct
funding for one year through the
secretary of state, and the origi-
nal administration bill, which
called for creation of a perma-
nent nonprofit organization to
administer the stations.
The bill now goes back to the
Senate for further action, and
backers of the House measure
expect opposition from Sen. J.
William F'ullbright, chairman of
the Foreign Relations Commit-
tee. He has shown little sympa-
thy with the idea or continuing
the stations..
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.November 19,? 197,1 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE .fl
the otApprovediFtoraReleasey2001403104vOIAIRDPIolotpoi RooilM9P??Igaas'on the Educa-1-:'?W
- not be. '].here are certain concurrent the election reform bill will e the -int tion an -. a or Committee, the gentleman
resolutions that must be passed by the order of business when we return on No- from Illinois (Mr. ERLENBORN) and the
other body, and we have to wait on them.. venaber 29 gentlewoman?from Oregon (Mrs. GREEN)
Mr. GROSS. Could the gentleman give Mr. HOC:1GS. That is correet. concerning the effect of the Equal Eni-
---...i..--...........n__ .ployment Opportunities Act as passed by
us any idea _how long this 'recess might
be? Will that carry us into the. night?, the House. I must say that all the dis-
RAILROAD- HIGHWAY SA TY ?
Mr. BOGGS. No. My expectation would cussion ? about the Legislative Rcorga-
T
be that it would not be d MESSAGE FROM HE PRESIDENTong, and it may nization Act and whether or not exten-
not be a-tall:
Ok E"IH UNITED STATES sions of remarks should be placed in
. , a
Mr. GROSS. That Would be my hope. The SPEAKER laid before the House different type, certainly clouds the issue.
If we are going into recess for the trans- the following message from the Presi- The heart. of the matter is whether thea.
action of business that could rim until dent of the United States; which Was ?Erlenborn substitute, which . was nar-
late, I would certainly make sure that read and, together with the accompany- rol,vly substituted for the committee bill,
? there was a -quorum here to transact such lug papers, referred to the Committee supersedes the Equal Pay Act. ? .
business. I only say this because--- on Interstate and Foreign Commerce: In my opinion it does and in rereading.,
Mr. BOGGS. I' am entirely sym- the materials which Congressman ERLEN-
pathetic with the gentleman's point of To the Congress of ?the United States:. BORN released at the time he introduced
view. I am as anxious to let. the Mem- I am pleased to submit to the Congress his bill I get the distinct impression tha?t
hers conclude today's business as quickly part I- of a two-part study of railroad- at that time he may have so ? concluded
as possible as the -gentleman is, but we highway safety in accordance with the as well. In the "Explanation and Analysis
are all confronted, I think, with certain reqUh?ements of the Federal Railroad of H.R. 9247," which the gentleman from
e.
i,
einescapable facts. Safety Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-458). Illinois inserted in the Racoai he states
- Mr. GROSS. I say that because I think Railroad-highway grade crossing safe- that the effect of his "exclusive remedy"
the good things of life ought to be spread ty is not a simple issue. It has many section was: "to supersede employment
to the greatest number. _ complexities which arise from such fac- discrimination proceedings now being
Mr, Speaker, I withdraw my. reserva- tors as the division of authorities and filed under the Civil Rights Act of 1860
tion of objection, responsibilities for grade crossing safety and the National Labor -Relations Act,
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to among many governmental levels and amongst others." If the "amongst others"
the request of the gentleman from Louis- jurisdictions, the important role of the did not. include . the Equal Pay -Act, I
lama? , private railroad companies who own and would like to know what others ?it did
.There was no objection. ? maintain the rights-of-way, the division include. Mrs. GREEN'S repeated conten- ,
of financial responsibilities between gov- tions then, are absolutely precise.
eminent and the private industry, and - ? Let me add in conclusion that our opin-
' LIFlGISLATIVII.PROC.:-RAM FOR ? ? the cost and reliability of protective de- ion of the effect of the Erlenborn substl-
- WEEK OP NOVEMBER 29vice and grade separations tute is supported by :flatly others out-
s . -
(Mr. ARENDS asked and was given The Report was prepared by the De- side this Chamber. A casual reading of
permission to address the House for 1 partment of Transportation as a coin- the hearinas held recently by the Senate-
minute.) prehensive background survey of the Labor Subcommittee on their version of
Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I take this problems involved. It contains a useful the act provides several examples. In par-
time in Order to ask the majority leader history of the grade crossing issue, a ticular I call attention to the statements
if he will inform us of the legislative pro- review of current problems and a dis- by Olga Mador,? vice president of the
gram.- . . . cussion of the grade Crossing problem United Automobile Workers, Mrs. Sher-
Mr. BOGGS. Will the gentleman yield? within the context of highway safety. man Ross, chairman of the Legislative
Mr. ARENDS. I yield to the gentle- Any recommendations for specific ac- Program Committee of the American As-
man.? . tion will be presented in Part II di: this sedation of University Women, and Doris
? Mr. HOC-GS. In. reply to the gentle- Report to be submitted by next July Meisner of the National Women's Po-
.
? man, let me say that WO Will conclude 1972, under the provisions of the High- litical-Caucus.
the legislative program for this week way Safety Act of 1970 (PL. 91-005). ? .....-..,.-....s--,,,,,,Iltr,sa.
with the conclusion of the pending _bill. I commend this Report to you as im- - "
'
We will be in recess all of next week. portant groundwork fbr a better under-
PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION -
When we return on Monday a- week, we standing of the issues in this field, and I OP S. 18, ASSISTANCE TO RADIO.
. ?
- will 'continue the consideration of the request that any definite legislative ac-
FREE EUROPE AND TO RADIO L113-..
Federal election reform bill. We will be tion on this subject be deferred until Part ER,TY
In the amendment stage on that bill II of the Report has been transmitted -to -Mr. YOUNG of Texas. Mr. Speaker, by
. when we return,. and a final vote is an- the Congress. - - direction of the Committee on Rules; I
ticipated either on Monday or on Tues- RICHARD ,NIXON. call up House Resolution 600 and ask for
day. . THE WHITE HOUSE, November .19, 1971. its immediate consideration.
..
?
That .will be followed by H.R. 11589, -- - -
,lo\Tvsil:e Clerk read the resoluton as fol-
the foreign sale of passenger vessels, CORRECTION OF vOTE - . ? H. RES. 699 . ,
.which has previously been on the whip - .
-notice. That has an open rule with -1 Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, on roll- Resolved, That upon the adoption of this
hour of debate: ' ?? - - . ? ? call No. 387 of November 15, I am re-
resolution it shall be in order to move that
. Then we will have the.D.C. appropria- corded as not voting. I was present and the House resolve itself into the Committee
tion -
bill. . ? ? -? - n of the Whole House on the State of the Union
.. . voted "yea." I ask unanimous consent of
the consideration of the bill (5. 18) to
ro ,I should like. to announce in connec- that the permanent RECORD and Journal amend the United States Information and
tion therewith that of the foreign aid be corrected accordingly.-Educational ENchange Act of 1948 to provide
.appropriation and the Supplemental an- The SPEAKER,. Is thee objection to assistance to Radio Free Europe and Radio
. propriation, which are the last two reg- the request of tile gentleman from South Liberty. After general debate, which shall be
a
- ular appropriations to be considered, are .Carolina? . Confined to the bill nd shall contimze not
ready for m , action, we will call the up . There was no objection. - .
to exceed one hour, to be equally divided and
sometime during that week. . ?controlled by the chairman and ran,king mi-
HR. 1163 strategic storabl horny member of the Committee on Foreign,
, , e agricul- . - Affairs, the bill shall be read for amendment
' tural commodities amen dment, subject . ? EQUAL EIVIPLOYMENT ? under the five-minute rule. It shall be in
to a rule being granted. ., (Mr. DENT asked and was given per- order to consider the amendment in.. the
Conference reports may, of course, be mission to adress the House for 1 min-
nature of a substitute recommended by the
brought up at any time and any further ute,, to revise and extend his remarks Committee on Foreign Affairs now printed in
program will he announced later. a-nd includethe bill as an original bill for the purpose of
. extraneous matter.) - amendnient under the five-minute rule, and
. Mr. ARENDS. May I just say to the Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, I read with all points of order against said substitute for
gentleman that according to this an- interest the colloquy in yesterday's EEC- failure to comply with the provisions of
. STATINTL
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.olution to safeguard the Hungarian Holy
Crown of St. Stephen. In my letter to
?my colleagues,.Isaiq:
In the past years, many of us have joined
together during this week and, on the floor
of the House, lamented the plight of those
many foreign nations who still live under
Comthunist domination and oppression. Tin-
' fortunately, too often each year, our words
are forgotten as quickly as they are spoken,
? Rarely is it possible to take some kind of
.'constructive action which will live on after
.the well-meaning words have long since died
'away.
Thirty-nine of my colleagues have
joined me in sponsoring a resolution (H.
Con. Res. 385), expressing the sense of
Congress that the Holy Crown of St.
Stephen?Hungary's national treasure
and symbol of constitutional govern-
ment?should remain in the safekeeping
of the United States until such time as
Hungary once again functions as a con-
stitutional government established
through the free choice of the Hungarian
people: .
Similarly, Mr. Chairman, this legisla-
tion before us today again gives the
Members of this body another oppor-
tunity to act, 'rather than merely to
speak. The hopes of these peoples, and
the hopes of their brothers and sisters in
this country, are dependent upon the
continuance of such activities as Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty. I urge
My colleagues to approve this legislation
with dispatch,
'Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Chairman, will
the gentleman yield? ?
Mr. MAILLIARD. I yield to the gentle-
man from Connecticut.
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Chairman, there
Is one point that I think is extremely
important, which should be considered
by the committee, and which is referred
to in the report, and that is the impor-
-tance of maintaining the morale of the
many deVoted .people who are working
?ifor these agencies.
I myself feel that It would be helpful
for usto emphasize the fact that many,
If not most ofus, believe strongly in the
objectives and workings of these agen-
cies and that this report and this action
Is not in any way meant. to prejudge that
- there will he a termination of these
activities.
MAILLTARD. -M.n. Chairman, I
would agree with the gentleman.
- (Mr. MONAGAN asked ancl was given
permission to revise and extend his. re-
marks.) ? 5 ?
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I'sUp-
port this legislation to provide assist-
ance to Radio. Free Europe and Radio
Liberty for. a period of 2 fiscal years and
to authorize the formation of a corn-
mission to study the problem of the con-
tinuation and support of these two
related activities.
The revelation of past governmental
support of these broadcasting facilities
has raised this problem and obviously
It must be settled. I believe that much
helpful Work is done by these two orga-
nizations in news reporting, In commen-
tary upon international hapPenings and
- in explanation of the workings of our
society. It is interesting to note that the
Germans are about to construct a station
Ilia will be more expensive by far than
the facilities which we are discussing and
the Chinese also have plans for a very
substantial facility.
The main justification for the Continu-
-ance of this function is the gradual edu-
cation of people behind the Iron Curtain
in the Ways of democracy and the prd-
vision for them of a- balanced appraisal
of the happenings in this country and
throughout the world.
I know from experience the aviditY-
with which people in the socialist count
tries look for disnasSionate news sources
and we provide them with a notable serv-
ice in bringing unadulterated news and
commentary to them. In addition, in this
way We furnish the basis for the eventual
return of representative government to
these countries while giving proportion
to the distorted picture of the United
States which they might otherwise de-
rive from the information agencies avail-
able to them. This bill will also provide
a commission to make a very necessary
long-range study of this whole problem
-and with directions that a response be
made to the Congress in time to deter-
mine what the future policy of our Gov-
ernment will be in this regard. I support
this bill and hope that it will be adopted.
YRELINGHUYSEN. Mr.. Chair--
man, will the gentleman yield? ?
Mr. MAILLIARD. I yield to the gen-
tleman from New Jersey.
Mr. PRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chair-
man, I thank the gentleman for yielding.
I arise to say I feel very strongly that
both Radio Free Europe and Radio-
Liberty make sense. I would guess that
any evaluation of their functions would
come to that same conclusion. This is not
arguing against the advisability of set-
ting up a commission. I certainly would
have no reason to suggest .that a commis-
sion is not necessary.
I think it is important that we con-
tinue these activities. This legislation, for
that reason, is imporant, because it does
provide authority for the financing for a
2-year period of both these Radios.. ?
I would like also to point out, because
there is sometimes confusion, the differ-
ent roles played by Radio Free Europe.
and Radio Liberty and the Voice of
America. The Voice of America, as its
name implies, basically is interested in
and concentrates on reporting on the
American scene and the American way
of life. In contrast, Radio- Free Europe
and Radio Liberty are in effect national
voices of the geographicalarcas to which
they send their broadcasts. They analyze
and they organize news from pertain
countries, and report to them in the same
way that an independent radio station
would if their governments had such
programs.
We need to keep the distinction be-
tween the two types in Mind, and we need
also to recognize that both have their
place.
Our committee discussed the possibil-
ity of the Voice of America taking over
the activities of Radio Free Europe and
Radio Liberty. _Although we should not
prejudice, or predict, what the _commis-
sion may decide, I hope that a merger
will hot be recommended by the commis-
sion, as the responsibilities are quite dif-
ferent.
(Mr. PRELINGHUYSEN asked and
was given permission to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Chairman,
will -the gentleman yield?
Mr. MAILLIARD. I Yield to the gen-
tleman from Michigan.
(Mr. BROOMFIELD asked and was
. given permission to revise and extend
-this remarks.)
RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIRERTY AS SEEN'
BY DIPLOMATS AND SCHOLAKS
Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Chairman, in
looking at the radios, their aims, their
methods and their impact,' we should
consider not only the views of the ad-
ministration but -also the views of inde-
pendent observers who -are able to make
meaningful judgments-about their work.
We need to hear the words of disinter-
ested and expert scholars and journalists
throughout Western Europe and the
United States. We need to examine the
thinking of former Ambassadors who
were stationed in the countries con-
cerned and the statements of people
who have recently come from those coun-
tries and who were dependent for their
knowledge on what they heard over those
radios.
In the committee hearings, testimony
was given by the Honorable U. Alexis
Johnson, Under Secretary of State, based
on his experience as Ambassador to
Czechoslovakia. The record also includes
impressive, firsthand testimony by three
recent emigres from Poland, Czecho-
slovakia? and the Soviet . Union, and
from two of ourformer Ambassadors to
the Soviet Union and Poland, respective-
ly, Foy Kohler and John Gronouski. The
record also includes statements by Prof.
Zbigniew Brzezinski, director of the Re-
search Institute on Communist Affairs
at Columbia UniVersity and by a spokes-
man for the Polish-American Congress.
- All of those witnesses strongly sup-
ported the continuation.of the work of
the radios. They were reflective of the
serious concern. in the academic and
political worlds that this valuable serv-
ice might be coming to an end. However,
these statements were by no means the
only ones being made publicly. For ex-
ample, Dr. Hugh Seton-Watson, the dis-
tinguished professor of Russian history
at London University and one of the most
knowledgable scholars on Eastern Eu-
ropean affairs in the Western World,
wrote to the London Daily Telegraph, in
part, as follows: ?
For the great majority of the people in the
censor-ridden Communist world, broadcast-
ing is the only means the West has of con-
ducting a dialogue with them. . . . I know
from long personal experience that both the
Europeans and the Americans responsible for
running Radio Free Europe are extremely. well
inforined, balanced in their judgments and in
no sense fanatical crusaders. On the con-
:Vary, they are people who have been working
for years to bring about true understanding.
One might question whether these
Western opinions Were va.lid if they were
not echoed even more strongly from the
East. A recent emigre, Mr. Henryk Bi-
recki, wrote a letter to the Washington
Star a short time ago in which he out-
lined his own background a.s a Commu-
nist official in charge of the Department
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STATI NTL
?
9
? Vi.A.SHI22ZGTOII STAR
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By ROBIN ADAMS SLOAN
* ?
Q. Is there any chance Cardinal
Mindszenty might visit us here in Amer-
ica after all his years of asylum in the
'U.S. Embassy in Budapest? Many people
of Hungarian descent would be thrilled
to see F., New York.
- A. The cardinal, once Jozsef Pehm,
who changed his name to a more Hun-
ga,rian one after he
became an archbish-
op, will probably not
visit the U.S. Prompt-
ly on his arrival in.
Rome he loosed a
blast at his hosts of 15 ,
years, blaming our,
CIA and Voice of
America, broadcasts
? for sucking Hungar-
ians into the armed
uprising which the Russians crushed in
1950. Since CIA-financed propaganda is
currently a ticklish question just before
the upcoming Munich Olympic Games
and the presidential election next year,
? the Vatican, in a gesture of friendship
to the sent the cardinal off for safe-
:keeping to a Viennese seminary. Fel' the
moment he is. effectively muzzled.
. .
fr
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