ITALY THE FELTRINELLI CASE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000600070001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 1, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

STATINTL
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA- -p01 R000
iZSACCESNIECCIMEMOWSIETRAI
ITALY.
? The Feltrinelli Case
In the second year of Italy's worst
economic recession since the war, the
country was coming uncomfortably
close politically to a nervous break-
down. Parliament had just been dis-
solved a year ahead of time, a con-
fession of governmental impotence
unequaled since the advent of Fas-
cism. A decade's experiment in cen-
ler-left rule had proved .to be an in-
glorious flop. The safety margin for
all democratic parties combined was
contracting steadily, cut down by the
Communist Party and far left grup-
puscules on one side, and the neo-
Fascist Italian Social Movement
.(MS1) flanked by "black terrorists"
on the other. The MSI in particular
had made nerve-racking gains in par-
tial administrative elections the pre-
vious June, 'nosily at the expense of
the dorninant Christian Democratic
Party.
Meanwhile, the nation's social fab-
ric seemed to be disintegrating:
Crime -rates were shooting up: Some
student contestatori seemed to spend
most of their time making Molotov
cocktails ("Our daily bread," one
said) and the rest throwing them.
? Bombs kept 'going off .all over the
country at the rate of one a day.
Wildcat strikes were breaking world
records for the third year running.
Any suggestion that the .country
might pull itself together again under
some new version Of the same old
government tended to provoke a cer-
tain hilarity. People were saying it
? wouldrilt be long now before the
Communists took over, or the Fas-
? cists, or more likely "the colonels,".
with Hellenic blessings.
? Then, suddenly; after all the talk of
breakdown, the electorate was con-
fronted with a crisply efficient gov-
ernment cracking down on deadly
conspirators.
Accidents happen
On March 16, just as Italians were
settling down for the long rhetorical
haul leading to elections on May 7,
the morning papers reported the dis-
covery of 92q..ififdalatir Re1ifi4
body beneath a hioh-tension pylon in
Segrate, on the bleak northern out-
skirts of Milan. The pylon, spattered
with blood and torn flesh, was taped
with forty-three sticks of dynamite.
Another stick seemed to have blown
up in the man's hands, hurling him
heavily to the ground. The force of
the explosion had flung one of his
legs ten yards away, and bits of .bone
as far as fifty yards.
At first the story did not cause
much of a stir. Terrorist attempts of
all sorts have averaged about one a
day in Italy for the last three years,
and accidents happen. Twenty-four
hours later, though, the nation was.
stunned to learn that the dead man
had been identified as Milan's mil-
lionaire guerrilla publisher, Giany
giacomo Feltrinelli. Premier Giulio
Andreotti and his Minister of Inte-
rior, the police, the carabinieri, .the
Army's counterespionage. service
(SID) leaped into action. Roadblocks
went .up all across the North:Hun-
dreds of raids were made on the
homes and hideouts of right-wing
and left-wing extremists in Milan,'
Turin,- Genoa, Rome. Dozens of
people were picked up for question-
ing. Seven thousand machine guns
and other weapons, six tons of ex-
plosives, a million Molotov cocktails
and other homemade bombs, sinister
coded documents, and marked terror-
ist maps kept turning up ?in the police
dragnet. For. seven weeks running?
until the elections; in fact?vigilant
champions of democratic law and or-
der saw to it that the Case made front-
page headlines daily. Alive, Feltri-
nelli had done his obsessive best to
destroy the Establishment he de-
tested. In death, he could hardly have
been more helpful.
Italians will probably never know
how he died. "No crime involving po-
litical power in Italy can touch the
shores of truth," says the distin-
guished Sicilian novelist Leonardo
SciaScia, and the shores are barely
visible through the fog shrouding this
one. Nevertheless, some astonishing
evidence has come to light.
There is not enough evidence to es-
tablish whether Feltrinelli acciden-
tally touched off the explosion that
killed him, or whether somebody else
obligingly did it for him. Predictably,
Italy's left-wit-1g' intellectuals have in-
294V1P?a? ihglAlliriliK(110 4,60 "ROO
by the CIA, by "international reac-
tion." "What proof do I have?" de-
manded L'Espresso's correspondent
Camilla Cederna: "But what does
that matter, in such a moment of ex-
treme electoral tension? The proof
will conic along later." With or with-
out the proof, though, there can be no
mistaking Feltrinelli's intentions. Ile
drove to Segrate fully conscious, un-
drugged, and climbed twelve feet up
the pylon,, as his fingerprints and
bloodstains testify. Not only did he
mean to blow it up, with at least one
and more likely two accomplices; that
was just the .beginning.
? At San Vito di Gaggiano, on the
other side of Milan?police found an-
other high-tension pylon taped in the
same way with the sane dynamite (a
product called Dynamon), unex-
ploded only because of a fluke in the.
battery-wired tinier. In the Volks-
wagen camper Feltrinelli had driven
to Segrate were maps of all Northern
Italy marked with crosses and arrows
at the sites of other strategic electric
pylons, bridges, airports, military bar-
racks. In his hideout, later_ discovered
by police in a working-class . Milan
suburb, was an arsenal of revolvers,.
machine- guns- and several thousand
rounds of ammunition, more dyna-
mite, detonators, forged. passports,
cartons of coded correspondence, and
a long letter to an unknown "Saetta,"
with Feltrinelli's handwritten notes in
the margin, proposing the formation
of a joint high command throughout
the Italian North for an underground
liberation army.
Beyond La Sinistra
Lest the meaning of all this be in
doubt, the Milan police turned up
still more scorching evidence just five
days before the elections, in a spec-
tacular predawn raid on two under-
ground bunkers. One, was yet another
and bigger arsenal with enough
weapons and ammunition to equip a
small army: gas masks and antitank
mines, two hundred pounds of Dyna-
mon along with 46 detonators and
250 yards of fuse. Among the 'other
contents of the second bunker?along
with Feltrinelli's authentic passport?
were four hundred false identity
cards and several perfectly copied
MOJOCA0004-Itamp them; four pow-
b dercd: by police agents, by Fascists, erful radio receivers tuned in to the
!continimel
TM GUARDIAN STATINTL
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By Sandro Portal
Special uethe Guardian
1- But instead of involving the workers in
even the reform struggles, the unions agreed
vestments, taking their capital abroad,
giving money and support to the fascists and
Rome to hold top-level talks with the government. organizing anti-worker terrorism and ,frame
The recent Italian elections, held May 7-9, The results couldn't have been poorer. ups.
have changed nothing in this country, which The only reform law that was passed, the
is facing its greatest political crisis in 20 housing reform, was called by the leftist
years. group "II Manifesto" a counter-reform, and.
The election, not due until 1973, was held they couldn't have been more right. The law
was supposed to provide houses for the
early in the hope that a new, viable
workers and more construction jobs. So far,
parlimentary majority could be built to .re-
establish capitalist stability in Italy. it has only provided tax .exemption to
? While the neo-fascist Italian Social building speculators, no houses and no jobs.
Movement (MSI) made some gains in the Also, it has prepared the ground for a
elections, the electoral balance of forces is rationalization of the building industry, that
almost exactly the same as it was before. will allow the large, technically advanced
industrial capital 'to step into a sector that
has been so far controlled by smaller, less
technically advanced. firms. This will allow
the introduction of new, advanced and
"rational" industrial techniques of
organization of labor; more productivity. to
each worker (more exploitation); and more
To -understand. the current political
situation here, it is necessary to go back to
1969, when the last union contract renewals
took place. At that time the workers made
many gains and there was a large and
militant student movement. Institutions
were rocked to their foundations; the school
system has never recovered and salary in- production with less workers (unem-
creases and improved working conditions ployment).
went together with a strong growth in class This is _a very important element in the
consciousness and unity.' political situation, since the building in.
dustry is an important factor in' the Italian
Workers face repression
? The bourgeoisie's reacilion was dramatic.
In less than 3 months, at the -beginning of
1970, more than 300,000 political trials were
started and more than 15,000 workers, union
organizers and left-wing militants were
jailed. Prices rose rapidly, thus taking back
the workers' new buying power. ? .
? The bosses blackmailed the unions and
left parties with an economic, crisis and an
inflationary situoion, blaming everything
that was going wrong in the economy on
"high wages" and feeding a right-wing
campaign to move a large part of the "law
and order" middle classes into a period of
reactionary radicalization.
The Communist party and the union
leadership accepted?in practice?the
accusations that workers caused inflation
and called on workers to increase
productivity while shifting their struggle to
demand social reforms in the school system,
the tax system, health services, tran-
sportation and housing. These were laun-
ched to be supposedly a step toward more
economy. The reform law not only gave no
homes and no jobs, but it also served for a
false but effective reactionary campaign
claiming that "housing reform" means taking
away people's homes and giving them to the
slum dwellers.?
Three weeks after the law was passed, the
fascists doubled their votes in the local
elections in Rome and tripled them in Sicily.
Meanwhile, the slum dwellers are still
squatting in buildings and trying to fight
their way into a decent home. All this while
construction workers are unemployed by the
thousands (30,000 in Rome alone).
In fact, mass firings and unemployment
were another instrument used by the
bourgeoisie to try to bring the workers to
their knees. An economic crisis existed, due
to the saturation of the market for certain
typical products of Italian industry (medium-
luxury apartments, electric household
appliances, cars, etc.) and to the dollar crisis
that badly hit sectors such as the textile
industry, shoe industry, etc. ?
power for the working class while, in effect, Bosses use fascists
undercutting workers' control struggles in Meanwhile, the bosses kept firing
the factorteA'pproved For Release 2000YCP5?1F,: CIAURDPE10q01gotlikANOCiel70001-1 e"ttInUed
This last technique has been the ? most
spectacular element of Italian politics in the
last four years. The date of Dec. 12, 1969,
may be considered the critical moment of
what was defined as the "strategy of ten-
sion." On that day, in the middle of
negotiations for the metal workers con-
tract, bombs exploded in several public
buildings in Rome and Milan. One bomb
killed 17 people in Milan and the blame was
immediately laid on anarchists.
A key witness, Giuseppe Pinelli, an
anarchist railroad worker, was killed during
police interrogation in a fall from the fourth-
floor window of Milan's ponce headquarters.
Finally, a group of anarchists, led by TV
dancer Pietro Valpreda, were framed for the
bombings. The left clearly proved that what
came to be known as the "state massacre"
had been done by the fascists. They exposed
names and evidence, but the frame-up went
on and served as an excuse for massive
repression... ? ?
Valpreda's trial as opened in February,
1972, in Rome. Only a few days were suf-
ficient to prove that the investigation had
been biased, so the trial had to be called off
and moved to Milan.
Meanwhile; an investigation of. collateral
events to the massacre ended up in the
incrimination of three leading fascists for
'the bombings: the very people that the left
had accused thfee years ago, including Pino
Rauti, member of the central committee of
the fascist party. Now 'there are two sets of
people accused of the same crime: the
anarchists and fascists. Thus the state is
proving the "impartiality" of its institutions
against the "opposed extreinisms."
The opening of the electoral campaign
coincided with a wild attack on the left-wing
militants, in which even the CP's press
heartily joined. The excuse was a demon-
stration in Milan, which ended in street-
fighting with the police and in the "ac-
cidental" death of a demonstrator.
The leftist 'groups who organized the
demonstration were charged by the CP with
being infiltrated by police, CIA agents and
fascists?and with being little less than
To
B.a.L.Tillo4 put.
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as Romans d.
By KAY:WITHERS .
,The Man upstairs isa CIA agent.
He's a graduate student. Good cover.
? Working on a . dissertation for his
doctorate, he says. A-likely story, Ital-
ians say.
He's an, American in ? his early thir-
ties, unmarried, with a round, open,
all-American-boy, face and spectacles.
.Just the kind of person the CIA can't
keep its hands off, say the. Latin spy-
watchers.
Convinced of network:
? As far as they are concerned, the poor
boy ha the word SPY written all over
him.
Italy has so many causes celebret at
present lending themselves to political
exploitation that there are almost daily
accusations of CIA interference in Ital-
ian affair's.
Even these Italians who don't see in
every murder, riot or robbery the mas-
terly hand of U.S. intelligence are con-
vinced that the CIA currently has a
, Miss Withers is a member. The Sun's
Rome Bureau..
25X1A
network in Italy that .would gladden any
president's heart. '
Italians have, however, always enter-
tained, and possibly even welcomed, the
titillating thought of secret agents living
? .
. in their Midst. It's their love of melo-
drama.
An American friend lived in the south-
ern city of Bari for several years: Both
' he and his wife worked. They didn't
spend money on the cars and clothes so
dear to the Italian bella figura so they
were able to cross the Atlantic several
times during their Bari stay.
Answer was simple
?
Local suspicions were aroused imme-
diately. Where would a couple of poor
stranicri get the money to make all
those fabulous trips to l'America?
. Simple. They were CIA agents, of
course.
. . At first we thought it rather fun to
have one living right upstairs. A social
asset. During pauses in the after-dinner
conversation, one could listen with inter,
est to the sinister noises emanating
from the upstairs apartment. Tap-tap-
tap. Bang-bang-bang. Always about the
same time, late at night.
One night we went up to see what was
going on, carrying as a pretext a maga-
? zinc which we proposed to lend the spy.
When, he opened the door, we saw that
the floor of his tiny apartment \vas
covered with almond shells. A hammer
. and a glass of liqueur sat in the debris.
Somewhat disappointed, we rallied
when our leftwing friends suggested that
here was a really professional man,
? someone who. had the almond shells in
constant readiness for the appropriate
moment.
Spy who came to dinner
?
The spy came to dinner several times.
Once he excused himself after coffee,
saying he had several reports to type.
Eyebrows shot up and significant
? glances were exchanged among the oth-
er.guests..
? But the novelty soon wore off.
Extreme leftwingers started to avoid
us. One romantic soul with a well-worn
Communist Party card said meaningful-
? ly that he wouldn't count on us in the
event of a coup d'etat.
We regarded all this as highly colored
nonsense, of course. Spies, reports,
coups. Figments of the excitable Medi-
terranean imagination. .. .;
Of course the man upstairs is not a
CIA agent.
But we can't help hoping.' that
SMERSII finds out how melodramatic
Italians are before it reduces an inno-
cent student's apartment (and the one
below it) to a pile of Roman rubble..
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JVASHI1Ca0/1 POST
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Aronnif Me Virorimi
'Rome. Hijacking -
? R 0 M E ?A n American
claiming to be both a CIA
agent ,and a son of a Mafia
?overlord was captured by
Italian police after.hijacking
a Swiss Airlines' DC-9 jet to
. Rome and demanding to see
Pope Paul VI and the U.S..
:ambassador.
Police said Mario Victor
Maimone of New York City
was captured with the .help
of a Roman Catholic priest
and an American military
officer who agreed to imper-
sonate the pope and Ambas- '
6dor Graham A. Martin.
The 14 passengers and five
crew members of the plane,
will& was on a regular
flight from Geneva to Rome,
were not hurt.
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NTL
DER SPIEGEL
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Aufrechnung
(Nr. 14/1P72, Carl Raddatz Ober FeRH-
nellis Tod)
Da13 Feltrinelli das Buch Cohn-Bendits
zuriickgewiesen hat mit der Bemerkung:
?Ich verlege keine anarchistischen Bu-
cher, ich bin kein Anarchist". ilber-
rascht ma nicht. Denn em n anti-anar-
chistisches Buch von mir, worm n unter
anderem gegen Cohn-Bentlit polemisiert
wird, hat er durchau:i verlegen
meine ?Kritik der revointiondren Un-
geduld", Untertitel: Eine Abrechnung
mit dem alten und dem neuen Anar-
chismus. Der im Kursbuch 19 vorabge-
druckte Auszug daraus erschien im
Sommer 1970 italienisch bei Mondadori
(Mailand). Kurz danach iici3 mir Feltri-
nelli (der sich darnels bereits vet seinen
prasufritiven MOrdern versteckt ;halten
muilte) durch gerneinsame Freunde
ausrichten, da13 Cr die vollstandige Fas-
sung zu veroffentlichen wtinsche. Auf
dieses Angebot positiv zu reagieren war
mir zu der Zeit nicht mehr mOglich,
ich schon in ? weit gediehenen ? Ver.
handlungen mit deutschsprachigen Ver.
lagen stand. Nichtsdestoweniger hat
spdter, nachdem Alas Bitch in Basel her-
Feitrinetli
Harich*
ausgekommen war, Frau Inge Feltrinel-
ii-Schonthal sich die Rechte fiir eine
italienische Lizenzausgabe gesichert.
Nach dieser beruflichen Erfahrung Wit
es mir schwer zu glauben, dal3 Feltri-
nelli, Anarchist gewesen sein soil. Indes,
auch personliche E,indriicke sprechen
dagegen. ich hatte ihn im Juni 1967,
inmitten seiner ra.dikalsten Phase, nach
einer brieflichen Kontroverse iiber
Marxistnus und Literaturg,eschichte, bei
mir zu Gast. Ich lernte in illrn einen
sensiblen, kultivierten Mann von huma-
ner Gesinnung kennen, der mit der
deutschen Philosophic und Literatur in-
tim vertraut war. Es kam zwischen uns
zu einem langen; griindlichen Gedan-
kenaustausch, der auch viele politische
Fragen beriihrte. Dabei ergaben sich
wieder Meinungsverschiedenheiten,
doch von Anarchismus babe ich bei
meinent GeSprachspartner nichts ge-
merkt.
? Seine Sympathie fiir die Neue. Linke
war groB. Sic ging aber nicht so weft,
daf3 er elle ApO-Aktionen .kritildos
gutgehei Ben 'tette. Diejenigen Pro-
testformen, in denen darnels die attest-
archische ?Propaganda dutch die Tat"
wiederaufzuleben begann, nannte er,
aus revolutionsbejahender Einstellung,
unverniinftig und zweckwidrig. Auch
war ihm, bei alter Verehrung fUr Che
Guevara, bewtifk, da 13 die Karopfbe-
dingungen der revolutionaren 13ewe-
gung in den kapitalistischen Industrie-
metropolen ?sich von denen in der Mit-
ten Welt gravierend unterscheiden. Und
indem er sich ausdriicklich dared be-
tog, berichtete er mir anhancl konkreter
Beispiele von seinen Bemilhungen, dem
gelegentlichen Ilang zu sinnlosem
Abenteuertum bei seinen jiingeren poll-
tischen Freunden in ltalien, England,
Frankreich und der Bundesrepublik
entgegenzuwirken. Auf meine Frage,
wieso er sich hierzu nicht auch offent-
antwortete er mit Brecht:
?Gehe nie den richt igen Weg ohne uns.
Ohne uns ist es der falscheste Weg."
Nach allem, was ich, auch aus gegneri-
schen Quellen, iiber Fetirinelli weiB,
war er zu gutmiltig, um irgendwelcher
, Brutalitaten fahig zu sem, und viel zu
gescheit, urn sich einzubilden, die Revo-
lution konne durch einen tnomentanen.
Defekt bei der Stromzufuhr gefordert
werden. Daf3 er N,crsucht haben sollte.
einen liochspannungsmast in die Luft
zu sprengen, ist fur mich unvorstellbar.
Dagegen kann ich mir in Anbetracht
der gcgenwartigen Kraftekonstellation
in Itidien sehr lebha ft vorstellen, dal3 die
amerikanische? Glohalstrategie f ieber-
haft darauf hinarbeitet. nachstens in
dieSem Land ?law and order" nach
griechischem Muster zu etablieren ---
am Vorabend prekarer Parlarnentswah-
len, wie gehabt und zu dem Zweck
ihre finsters -n Provokateureaggbaz.
ten hat ch bin daher nicht nor, wie alle
urtei sfahigen Ileobachter, hberzeugt,
daf3 Feltrinelli errnordet worden ist,
sondem vermutc dartiber hinaus mit
Regis Debray, daf3 ?
Die e der CIA si Eben deswegen
tei e ic reilic auch nicht die naive
Erwartung, daB die italienische Polizei
zu einer wahrheitsgetreuen Aufklarung
des Fades beitragen konnte. In einer
Richtting zu errnitteln, die der alten
Kriminalistenfrage ?Cui bono?" ent-
sprache, dhrfte den- ? Mailander Ord-
nungshhtern diesmal dutch eherne
Nato-Tabus verwehrt sem. Bestenfalls
wird man .ihnen, wenn es gar nicht mehr
anders geht, gestatten, irgendeinen. Ein-
zelganger mit neofaschistischer Ideolo-
gic als Tater zu prasentieren. Niemand,
der den Reichstagsbrand und den
Oberfall?auf den Glciwitier Sender im
Gedachtnis bat, sollte slat damit dann
abspeisen lassen. DaB der qualvoll ge-
rneuchelte; politische Gegner noch im
Tod das Propaganda-Instrument seiner
Schlachter hat abgeben sollen. laf3t ein-
deutig auf Geheimdienstterror schhe-
Ben.
Fememorder aus eigenem Antricb pile-
gen Wert darauf zu legen, ihren liaa
und ihre Rachsucht unmiBverstehbar
kennilich zu machen.
Berlin WOLFGANG HARICH
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sophic-.
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HARICH CHARGES CIA IN FELTRINELLI DEATH
DER SPIEGEL, Hamburg, of 17 April 1972 includes a letter
by Wolfgang Ranch to the news magazines editors concerning
Feltrinellifs death. (Ranch is an East Berlin philosopher
and writer and erstwhile publisher of DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHBIFT
FUER PHILOSPHIE, East Berlin. He was imprisoned as a
counterrevolutionary " from 1956-1965, ) His letter to
the editors includes the following sentence:
"As all competent observers I am ... not only convinced
that Feltrinelli was , assassinated but beyond that I
assume, together with Regis Debray, that the murderers are
in the service of the CIA."
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rtWiihafier.. "7
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2 9 MAR 1972
Machine of State Stalled, Italicns Feel
By PAUL HOFMANN
Spell 0 The 'New York Mines
ROME, March 28?These are
days of bombings and plots,
spectacular robberies and urban
guerrillas, an election campaign
full of cabals and alarming
rumors, and on top of it all
the death of a famous pub-
lisher, a friend of Fidel Castro,
in a mysterious explosion at
the foot of a power pylon.
An internationally known
tests. While post;Fascist Italy'
has managed to build one of the
most efficient road networks in
Western Europe. it has failed
to modernize its outriated so-
cial structures, disorganized
schools, hospitals and law
courts, public transit, inade-
quate housing and other griev-
ances have led to Increasingly
frequent outbreaks of rage.
Questiona for Foreigners
"Italy is shaken by turbid
ferment; it runs the risk of
'becoming a country on the out-
skirts of civilization and rea-
son," said a leading newspaper,writer, asked for an article on
La Stampa of Turin.
"Italy's future" for a United Every foreigner who has
States publication, guffaws and lived here for some time is .be-
says e "Italy has no future!" frig asked by friends: "If you
The Easter tourists who are were an Italian, for which
i
? party would you vote?" It seems
crowding into Rome see ? little that there are many more pee-
reason for such gloom. One pie who can give convincing
may have trouble getting lug- reasons why not to support any
gage at the ramshackle Munn- of the eight or nine major
cino Airport because the ground Parties in the general elections
7 and 8 than people
personnel are striking inter- on May
mittently, and one may have to
1 professing firm political loyal-
, y ties.
subsist on sandwiches because The statement that Italy had
,restaurant workers walk out, no future was not just a wit-
but everything seems cheerful ticisill: the man who made it
'and prosperous enough.,
All over Italy new cars fill' "The neo-Fascists are going
to pick up a lot of votes in
the highways and smartly the coming elections because
dressed people throng the the people yearn for order, and
streets. "Surely this is one if the Christian Democrats
,country where life is still pleas-
ant," a visitor from Paris ob-
served. "I get a lot of smiles
here. What a relief after those
French scowls."
Yet many Italians are be-
make a government with them,
the workers will rise and we'll
have a civil war.
"If instead the Christian
Democrats form a government
, with the Communists, the
chances are we'll have a civil
war too. Since the Christian
wildered, troubled, even an- Democrats aren't strong enough
guished as they are confronted to run the country alone, the
daily by a barrage of baffling best that can happen is another
and ominous news. indefinite, messy period of just
muddling through:,
? Sociologists say that the pro-,
tests and the tensions are the, Advice From Foreigners
results of economic growth that Government ministers who
ought to know what is going
has been too quick and too un-
on ask foreign callers what they
'even. The affluence created by think will happen?and actual-
the efficient industries in north- ly seem to listen. Many news-
tern Italy remained spotty and Papers have taken to reprinting
left large patches of poverty. foreign
day.
press comment day
The central bureaucracy in ' after
Italians, questioned about
Rome is as lethargic as ever. the uncertain mood will say
The deep South is still one of that they feel let down by the
Europe's backward areas. . politicians, manipulated by
Six million poor Southerners setdaVytaeledveitsZNtricci systemdisaiaintc-1
have migrated to northern Italy administrative machinery that
since World War II seeking jobs threaten to fall to pieces. "Italy
---two million more have gone has been drifting for years,"
abroad?end many of them feel a lawyer remarked.
exploited and discriminated The country has indeed
against. Discontented Southern- lacked far-sighted political lead-
ership since the late Alcide De
ers are often in the vanguard of Gasperi, was eased out in 1953
the werkISORSivgbicObtr KgisegVA /iris Eifip9c/gfeeiN-Fib
His party, the Christian
Democrats, remained the big-
gest vote-getting group but I
quickly degenerated into at
loose confederation of warring
and scheming factions. The
Communist party remained the
biggest Marxist force in the
West but turned into a bureau-
cratic machine with a marked
appetite for power.
Something new has happened
since 1968. The wave of protest
that started on American cam-
puses and almost overthrew
?President de Gaulle in France
spilled into this country ? and
has not abated.
For three years schools have
been in turmoil, industries are
shaken by wildcat strikes and
small extremist groups have,
been battling with each other
and the police.
On Dec. 12. 1969, an explo-
sion in a Milan bank killed 16
persons. An inquiry expose
police inefficiency and the cha-
otic procedures of an archiac
judicial system.
An anarchist, Pietro?Valpreda,
has been in jail for 27 months
te ? ,arges of having planted
t :Ymb. A few days ago a
11 .:,scist, Giuseppe Rauti,
imprisoned on suspicion of
having engineered the bombing.
That the public is disconcerted
Is no surprise.
The chief prosecutor In Milan
told newsmen that the anar-
chist and the neo-Fascist, de-
spite their ideological differ-
ences, might have acted jointly
? or again they might not.
The same official confided that
he did not allow his assistant
prosecutors to give him im-
portant information by phone
"because in our dear Italy, one
never knows." V
The case of Gianglacomo
Feltrinelli, the millionaire by in-
heritance who became a suc-
cessful publisher and a backer
of ultraleftist movements, deep-
ened the general feeling of con-
spiracy and confusion.
Leftists Charge Frame-up
Mr. Feltrinelli had gone un-
derground. The circumstances
in which his body was found
seemd to suggest that he had
been killed accidentally while
trying to dynamite a power
line in a protest against "the
system."
Leftists charged that the nub-
usher had been murdered byi
neo-Fascists or Italian secret-
service men or by the United
States Central Intelligence
Agency. Mr. Feltrinelli was no
Che Guevara (whom he hadi
admired), the leftists said, but
his murder was designed toi
frighten people into voting for
te46,01R0006000700011
eta.
La a .2-4?
The judicial investigation has
nibbled aevey at that theory.
Luigi Barzine the journalist and
author, who was once married
td. Mr. Feltrinelli's mother, says
that while a conspiracy cannot
be entirely ruled out, it is hard
to imagine a secret agent with
the talents "of a great novelist
or a great play director, cap-
able of staging a death so in
keeping with the personality,
style and character" of the 45-
year-old publisher.
The trend of recent events has
built the impression that the
leftist and neo-Fascists extrem-
ists are encouraging each oth-
er's militancy and that in effect,
they complement each other.
The chief representative of
the central Government in
Milan, Libor? Mazza, estimated
some time ago that about 20,000
extremists of all brands were
enrolled in paramilitary organi-
zations in that city, a center
of urban guerrilla activity
Throughout the nation the clan-
destine left-wing and right-wingi.
fringes may number 50,000 peo-i
according to. the most mil-
aele guesses. In a traditionally
nonviolent nation of 55 million
people, informed observers!
romment, it should not be too'
!hard. to bring the extremists
!under control.
The Italian Communist partyl
has condemned ultraleftist "ad-
venturism" in the same stern
terms as the French Commu-
nists use. At the same time the
parliamentary branch of neo-
Fascism, the Italian Social
Movement, is trying hard to
look respectable and moderate.
The leaders are urging organ-
izers of campaign rallies to dis-
play no black shirts and no
Mussolini portraits, and to hang
lots of Italian tricolors.
The neo -Fascist leader,
Giorgio Almirante, a onetime
actor and a Government aide
under Mussolini, is a formid-
able campaigner, all suavity
and reasonableness. The new
Communist party chief, Enrico
Berlinguer, a sad-looking Su:
dinian aristocrat, sounds more
like a Social Democrat than a
revolutionary.
The electoral strategy of the
Communists and neo-Fascists
clearly betrays their worry that
the violence and plots may
favor the middle-of-the-road
parties..
.Pu4
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : ujidk-,R -01601R00060
. 1 8 MAK
Leftist's
death fuels
Italy strife
By KAY WITHERS
Borne Bureau of The Sun
Rome?The death of the leftist
millionaire publisher, Giangia-
como Feltrinelli, 45, coming at
the beginning of an Italian elec-
toral campaign, threatens to
become another campaign
weapon for Italian political
extremists.
Mr. Feltrinelli's body was
found Wednesday near a power
pylon on the outskirts of Milan.
It appeared that he had been
trying to blow up the pylon and
thtis deprive Milan of power for
several minutes, when he was
killed by the premature explo-
-pion of a stick of dynamite.
He had been missing since
December, 1969, when police
sought him in connection with
terrorist bombings in a Milan
bank, where 17 people were
killed.
He won worldwide recognition
for the first Western publication
of Boris Pasternak's novel
"Doctor Zhivago" in 1957.
A friend and disciple of Fidel
Castro, he published almost ex-
clusively leftist works.
With his death, the left-wing
extremists, who are strong in
Milan, lose a flamboyant figure
and, some said, a solid finan-
cial supporter.
Frame-up charged
?
As news of his death spread
the Feltrinelli publishing house
and numerous splinter groups
of left-wing extremists issued a
document alleging that the 45-
year-old dilettante revolution-
ary had been assassinated and
his body placed near the pylon
, in a "state frame-up," designed
I to move the country to the
right in ?a backlash protest
vote. ?
? On group accused "the fas-
cists" and the American CIA (a
popular scapegoat with the left)
of masterminding the whole Op-
leration.
Although the left-wing extre-
.mists have not so far supplied
any concrete proof of their ac-
cusations, the Italian political
climate is so tense at present.
that even conservative and
moderate circles expressed
doubts over the affair. Fears,
were voiced that the incident
would presage even more vio-
lence in the pre-election period.
The 13th congress of the Ital-
ian Communist party issued' a
statement attacking "evil ma-
neuvers from many sides which
?are attempting to turn the civil
and democratic appointment on
May 7 the elections] and the
time before then into a dark
and troubled chapter of our
nation's life."
The congress was preceded in
Milan by last Saturday's riots
in which one died and nearly a
hundred were injured. It ended
yesterday.
The interior minister and for-
mer premier, Mariano Rumor,
after consultation with Premier
Giulio Andreotti, yesterday or-
dered a nation wide investiga-
tion into the case.
Police and secret service
agents searched the premises
of dozens of right, and left-wing
extremist groups and the
homes of their members in a
dozen Italian cities.
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4
wAsHINcTc SCAR
Approved For Release 2000/05/151 OPIN5131.41201601R000600070001-1_
2oyc1\A,-, 4- C
e.s 1ame C1A.in
ublishers 'Death
MILAN, Italy (AP) ? Ital-
ian Maoists accused the police
and the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency today of assassi-
nating Giangiacomo Feltrinel-
li, the radical publisher of
"Doctor Zhivago."
Police said they had identi-
fied the body found after an
explosion at the base of a pow-
er pylon as that of Feltrinelli,
a 45-year-old millionaire. They
said he apparently blew him-
self up Wednesday while
trying to knock out the power
supply to Milan's streetcars
and street lights.
One Maoist organization,
Workers Avantgarde, claimed
that Feltrinelli "was assassi-
nated by agitators, possibly by
police, and purposely carried
to the site of the ?alleged at-
tempt that was fabricated." It
said Feltrirclli's assassina-
tion was meant to break the
"growing influence of extre-
mists among workers."
Another Maoist group, the
Manifesto, also said Feltrinelli
had been murdered in a "state
frameup." And a third ex-
tremist organization, !Workers
Power, said the Italian police
and the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency were behind the
assassination.
Feltrinelli inherited several
million dollars at the age of 9
from his father, a timber mag-
nate. He joined the Communist
party in the late 1940s and
founded his publishing house
in 1954 to specialize in the
works of leftists.
In 1957, Feltrinelli won
world-wide fame when he gave
Boris Pasternak's novel "Doc-
tor Zhivago" its first publica-
tion. The Russians tried unsuc-
cessfully to stop the publica-
tion and, as a result, Feltrinel-
li broke with the Italian party
in 1958.
Feltrinelli later became
identified more and more with
the extreme left, and in recent
years had been one of the
chief financial supports of the
pro-Chinese extremists, who.
are particularly active in Mil-
an.
Through the last decade,
Feltrinelie traveled widely in
the Communist world to locate
works for translation and pub-
lication in Italy. ?
He disappeared in Decem-
ber 1969 after a bomb explo-
sion set by terrorists killed 17
persons in a Milan bank.
In 1970, his publishing house
issued a book on methods of
guerrilla warfare, including
how to prepare explosive de-
vices. The police seized the
book.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP80-01601R000600070001-1
DAILY WORLD t
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 :7CAIRl1999-01601R000600070001-1
IP" 'll PI 0 it7ulloin LUSEFIGSS
cs ?ascvsit.07.-L'actfs
op
Ektorc: /./gEfil C3 '03 20E' CJETEL.y
?
(Note: Neo-fascism and what it Socialists' new attitude citizens were killed or badly in-
means in Italy was the subject of The Italian Socialist Party jured led only to the arrest of a
an interview given by Artino (PSI), the United Socialist Party few anarchists. But why weren't
Colonihi, member of the Central (PSU), and some of the Christian- the real guilty ones ever found?
Committee of the Commuaist Democrats in the coalition of In Milan, without any doubt,
Party of Italy, to the weekly Premier Emilio Colombo recently the criminal attacks were the
Magazine, France Nouvelle, pub- modified their attitude. They are work of the CIA and its agents,
1ished by the French Communist participating in political and who wanted to create a political
Party. We give major excerpts trade-union struggles. They have uproar in the country. The govern-
from Colombi's assessment of the come out for social reform, and ment Wanted to use it to declare
situation below?D.W. Foreign De- in the anti-fascist struggle their that it was defending order
partment.). positions are no diffc.:reat from against both the Left and the
those of the Communists.
The strength of the Italian labor They stress that it is necessary Right.
This maneuver was uncovered
movement and its recent victories
.have incited an attempted counter-
offensive of the big bourgeoisie.
The bosses can't allow these vic-
tories to stand. It is in these-con-
ditions that a monopoly counter-
offensive emerged, in industry and
in the country as a whole, with
the aim of pushing the country's
political orientation to the Right.
The fascists of Prince Juni?
Valeria Borghese and those of
, the Italian Social Movement (MSI)
are not a great force. They have
with them not only nostalgic old
fascists but elements not identi.
fied with the traditional Right.
Tied to monarchists
Borghese, one of the heads of
Benito Mussolini's fascism, is
now tied in with the monarchists
? but monarchists from the mili-
tary caste in Italian society, para-
troop officers. Given the general
situation in Italy, this is of signi-
ficance not only for the bosses
but also for the Americans.
The Americans have their im-
portant bases here, and also their
secret intelligence ':agencies
not only the CIA but also from
NATO ? and their role is be-
coming more and more open.
All of this is related to the U.S.
role in the Middle East. The U.S.
needs a forward base in the
Mediterranean, and Italy is best
suited for this since France with-
drew from participation in NATO
military affairs.
, -So the -danger of a Right orien-
tation in Italian politics comes
frOm the pressures of the bosses
and the Americans on the govern-
ment as well as the do-mestic
tia4Aine: attacks 044,1444e?
art000600070001-1
crisitAia&ifOreifiRtiigYik21200
op. FF
for the government to sec .c a
"'better balance," that is, a new
structure with some kinrof Com-
munist participation. The divisions
in the Christian-Democrats make
the government coalition rather
precarious.
-That is the dilemma: it is dif-
ficult for the Colombo government
to go to the Right without de-
stroying its balance: going to the
left is not possible for it and the
moment is not opportune, since
Presidential elections will take
place next January and there is
no question of dissolving Parlia-
ment before then.
Trade union unity
What is characteristic of the
Italian situation is the drive to-
ward trade union unity. There
are many problems to be dis-
cussed among the interested par-
ties, and it can be said that the
reactionaries are doing every-
thing possible to disrupt this
movement. _It is not out of the
question that in the municipal
elections scheduled for June,
which concern eight million Ital-
ians in Ban, Rome, and the
Mezzogiorno, there- will be new
fascist provocations.
The government has confirmed
that the Borghese plot last De-
cember involved seizure of the
radio, kidnapping the Interior Min-
ister and other adventures.
In fact, in these past years,
there have been numerous fascist
attacks on workers' demonstra-
tions, against factories, and also
against the universities and Com-
munist Party headquarters. After
a few arrests, nothing is done, no
.by simply recalling that in 1920
the same "battle on two fronts"
pretext was used to protect the
fascists. Powerful anti-fascist
demonstrations at that time in
Milan, Rome and elsewhere had
shal.vn that. fascism ? 'which led
the country to war, defeat and
degradation ? had no solid base
in Italy.
Now everything depends on the
capacity of the Communists to
face these situations which unek-
pe.ctedly arise, to maintain their
mass ties, and to give the masses
democratic perspectives; most of
all, to strive for unity of Italy's
working class.
Approved For Release 2000/05/16.i--C1A:RbP86-01601R000600010001-P-- In
;n-71
Cv
tpu-,,, a lone official . lied Yr, 5 ? ?(' Nuovo (Ne..v Orde
k r) a neo-Na7i, ' ? `
?
???? tr,?,? ,!??? ; rk, . rry
J2,.? ? _"' . ? ' ? ?to/
g.rnup ,,y 11 ?,1,
L.?
y ? oleo t ?Ai"; ?Grolip.Pile
?/,..1 ?
r?-????-? -4-,
? . , .1 ? .1 Front con,ctioll Lists
? r..r...._;z? t, . 0 \\ ,N,??10,1
? ? - ...) . born in It'?`,37 and si.,id to hz.ve.. I thrt: are ,,i,A sit.t., to t.t.we ,
-
.);S OSWALD 0?011S ,TON - CIUS try anl 110 II zibi:oarl;. Na-li vat? 11?:rlof' ill Lorrio? \I 11
ricone. .ra (Tau cv i)1c li L, n - ? tiOnal Veirruni?d ario'he.? par- '; Cf.:nova, Z\ )10S In Bari a!
gup dc- 1, y ii:fi
. R l',,l
ome, arcli 20---Thot reeiir- 1 Month, tho existence of a nee- tIllilitat'Y ro v ed d to vio wehal variet of ineitImin tin
ring nightmare of Thly's' intel- ,Fasc.ist semi-undor;.,round be- lence and heliet:eci by the left to :d'rcillilentsi plaits for an arin,-q1i
I
loctuarlc ft, a 112.0-1;',:,;:i:,i CO?,:i) ; CO.DIC: public. : have been implicated in the Mit- ' t'l;o-over, conscription lists ofi
d'etat, has leapocl utiexp?-ecter11:,'i ? 1_,eitticat s,r?,,..te - an bombing of .Docember, ? J. , , ? ? t? libt- ,n,l Toil ill S.)-1
. ? 1,-)-4. 'Comm .1 'i-- q .) .- . "-I " ' i
-? ts,..., -
to the. forefront of the nation's ? , 1?
?-? solid Ii I ii I backing from in?,!garlicred from oqic23id p11
ciii,?iii011), a iii,j;itly more re. &lists, even a list of evisc,-;
comelottsness. i ? t- 1 ,. ,L, , ?,. (.. ,?-,I..,!. - .
-: i , ._ , ,,,,,,,,,, ii,,?, c?,?,a. , (ilo-, -,,,,cre 1.00,20 erten in 01 0 . s ,,,J. i ....,...)..s.1 0,,00s in oirjs-. , (-.1 ..!1.18 110-1 c,.?)(.:1,AS----Z)11 On
1146!' ',6%;?t1 y< ? -?-? - ?-?1??? -I' i
cially sh.ce thee rLie oli'h..., Colo- ' rnicl,Th of pitched 1.).J.,..1?:,-; .1?,... c''''', d'-''''''''"1 ''''-"'''-'s? I whom, presumably v,-ould hnve i
. nels in Creoce in l!',31,, it has hveen left- and rigt,-,4_,,,,ine, extre. . Thu1 Ill Profusion, a string of 1..!...,.,11 jallocl 0-du thr.:. "Nesi
? . been an codic/le of faith in loft- .mist groups than simply battlin., Itos?c'r or'.:aniiatir..116, 'malty of .iccr VS 1)10.2ialoled. ? ?
wing pc,t,imedcal., tt,,,,,,t a r1.11:;,t their ramiltr,i, eriezni, J., ti ..,l .--, i wrii. ?,,,t., , , ,, , , , ,, iii Aceordin" to one account, the!
, orders. in iman ami spactaii.e. group has 1-11cl-floor or this itniarnclit,
iii-
1110111,.. , - ,..1-..,.. rne,=.1,....-, , , , ,,,?,.. '
,na,itos, sc,?0._, ciiii,:;..,,I, scitiy, si.i,...t, at'01 Li, n L)oceniber CI 11) v,as
. coup, led by in,instrialists alli denj,,l?las.oistosi
the American Centiz.1 Intelli- 1 y,,,thrui th,,?;?, ,isii.,,,:th., 1),11.,, ri.,t, the Alcplia0; veil-In:0 .,11 th . riglitist circles i
4
ft.: ,,.,:,,, Aci,,,,,tkt tho niyathly bi.illolin of onc,,
gence A,,ency?-the zill-purp.-..se cenr:?in,-..,, chains, iron bats Cl' ' ('''P,
(Or fi
i'l:.;?Jr;;:;ry two-by-fours and v:earn
ig Cie Second Il.epnblic, or t1' the
villoin till it on plots--was th:: making. mots began to le" spotted as of- ' Plf?Ple. Pumatj f C?11:1)*-Italltssf?1-
? Sometion:s Diit ailed ten undcr D'ascist colors as un- -"P'-''' ' Y?1?Ul?--"'. Italy, th'''. Falange' l'it'isCiJarimlui,;-C?4:11ae501);Pafr?1111;:alYt(1.q1
I der the red flag. 1 . Police investigzitro,ns ...
', "colpo d.ello stato" that had :
?
Occessionally, there, .,,..0ti,d b-s. i For m any, the emergence Or , TLy
o, Itali are leans ariur,-?c:?A?,? . i , .1 A c . ?; ,I . , .? ,.., ,
,oltrborate details, pfiblished fol.., 1,1cii groups recalled tile Squad- ! that mny or the rumors ant.' , , last year.
-..n se ad 11l 101 f,.I.* Alr.b.C1.
all to see, iillo.ali" ?ill'', reti (squads) of the \ ears im- i whisP?Ted fears are ,'..--ilig borno,
. ?!,,,e.prs elso ti nit the cliceetor oi..rocdiately 1,vorld 1,1:at. I ;Gilt by :a nationv,11:le inves-
Italian milit"ry 'vas --and the civil dLorcler thaf
that is still uncier? west.
? mvo.ved in a rigctii,..v,in,, 0..t.1) in n',I2 ...,' to -------------------------.Alossoli 'Ie "Black' Juice i l "'
Avere disoello..1 cr,17 this 1...n.'
, . ....- , . . ,.-11,-.,..,..i, N.,tio,,..1 ii it i-!
? tio- of 1.:?INVer ono tiann,nc,!, ..,,s, ?. - ? ?, .=- ? - . 3,
by a parliam,:iitery coi.mi-itt....-... - : bei.r; lin l...,..1 to sliado.,.?y. and
insei.m.
i Yet, in ty ir
e SDC?i.'2n:roa-s.n.1?.:?:,.y ' ,, . . , l. . .,_ , ..,. , ?-,, vet 9,..z.,??,,,,:vi,d inif.,?,,,,,lion-d. ft.:
1,,,,,., ,??.,...?,., ,., ti 11,:i., oieoli ac,i,u....ii...-i?fuo an ? , = -, ---. , ? ..-..,, -
dogged?by .0,, 1,,,,,...,,,, ..i c .. ,
,,, i% ii , bet eiyi,_..i.cili,.. in ,,,,,,,,cri..11,,,,A eft_ nanei..11 oerils, Enid pilIce are
: dizorder, rumors of a puranlili- cies ti.,at. ,..0,-.eit 0,.''cita,p..,r,tr:.,,nt.?. said to have foUnd evidence in
taiy Fa.scisi. re; i?, al 00111111 01t to , l . ? .. c:, .?. .. ..,,, . .,. his ori.IT hank ct,,'-ements sub-
, i.a.r. riginisr gro,ips---,..,ien to the . ? -..? - - ?
' - sprout tnd, v;: til- tIme mld rt-P:lt , right of the loud-tall:in" imf'ico- 'it'illti'"'di'S d.le chiarglir,' . .
titian, gro-a' la cr?dibilitY: - . tual neo Faicist party. the Pal- P.I'ill('Ll Porghes'?- hil.lsoIC is m
r - 4._ 1 hidinq end is being hunted by
Maoist-leaning stud:n:4 rccolu.. Ian S.,eiel Movemont--lomer,,or_ ......,, .
?olu...., a 110ver Eurone. Yr.- lit-..3
tionatics-known v,-Lio'..V here asi tile Reggio Calabrian violence /b. ,? i. - .-?
,. een C;larged. v.-ita plotting
n I ke-t i` "oil"
"I CiiIsi" (The Chiliese)-Iiiioe a--`-' '-ii L ' ?. armed revolt against the goy-
' ?? 1 It v-t-ls only under rei).--lfecl
ernment, zinc', 3 associates,
mingle? with L?. s..,-1,.., ,...s Fci.,1.-1,,I, .?, ... c?I ,_1 , ? I, ?--, Ci --
? ? ? ? 1 .... -,, ,... , e gmg Ch. It S Idt 8t. 1.11h111-
. cals ni LK; m;.:.:-...,r,,I,Ip..... c, _.s.. . ., . ,,, .?, ,. . 0.,, ..? clw.ling, a retired Army officer
m i NJ*. ?,111,i., LI 1.ti'... 1,1,L? ? . A , . i,, .?.1 ? ,,,, , ,,,,
Milan and Turin to forn in tile . Pose, assuined a MI.,' of law- ado, , I,- i. ,,p.u...tr ...,..i.,...t, h,, e
b:een Oil t.1 on the seine
. minds o.f Lr.ny C?:'l-1-.VerS I'2"C a . and-order respectability. that
'dangerells un't1):1 ?f sk.e-I''''.. '''''a , Emilio Colombo's conter-Lft c""I:?- S''''?- 21) ii Ii Ilre
soucht? all face the ,ili'd'=,10'11
' V;Orlr radte...,:iisno. ' ! governnleut late last year - ; ' ... .. .? , 'L.- -- - -
- . senteuo or. tt,e. mis,;:ionmeni.
1 Since "Po; !,.t.tair..e . , mot. ed enough forces into Peg- .
i 'Plaare.....1 Doccrnher Ci-Jiy
! hero:I:ion, tilefefore S'ell.'..1 'Pt. gio Calabria to snuff out tlael
i
evitable. Ever since ' [ha "i le?-; revolt. As bits and pieces of tile tale
?have begun to leak out, it now
Autumn" of Irt turn-o..-1 into :-..ci By this time,: Il f,wever: the
wayo f life for millions of ltalian half-forgothen leaders of the al)lit:lars the coup v. 'as Planned
blue-collar and, mor?o.' recently, !rightist fringe hogan to coine for the night of December 7 last
clerical \rockers, thnre ht-..s heen'ba,c1c. into prominence, year, allegedly urider Prince
occasional muttering among oId-' Prhic?I Junto : Valerio Ptclrlilile'ie's direction.
.er and more oonsorva(jvc 1,:;,7ie.' Borghese. 64-war heron confi-
About a thousand men, many.
that things Wo..11.-.1 have ,if-:
dant of "ll D,.,,,2,- (111,2 foader..._,of them, armed and many of
. , b2en
ferent if '!1.11.1" '1.iii-n.)- or , Mussolini) and romantic abso- i them -veterans of the ? car and of
"Quchto" (L1,,,t. 1.,ian)--,,,,er,-;:itill' lutist-told the respected Turin ,' the Mussolini era living in hitter
in charge. . 1 daily In Stempa last D,.,cciaber i i iert solnt in the north of Rah-,
- that he had [he po,,.er. t.) bringr' o ,?-? ,-?,- ?i. ? i-, r
wore 1,.?oliiiog ,..?
-Benito Mussolini i3 rarely that lie " - , " -,'? i st-111--)'''-"ij
a.mmlion Men" ilk) ti.e, SLITC?tS, SCI73 the lnierktt Ministry in
110 UI by w?i-ne -..-":' hi' -
i to march a2ainst the dccailent . Rome zoid take ...v.zr tile radio !
. ,? ..., . -- . , ? i ? , state Law ii ,is become