HELMS, THE SHAH AND THE CIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000500230001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 59
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 2, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 29, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

1~:.~1?;Ii:;~iU~d POST
Ap,,,~proved For Release 200~1~(~l~4~ J~IA-RDP8
Cltttlmel?s ill. lic~berts
I-~elrris, t~z~ ~p~~~ ~nc~ +~~ ~I.~~
THERE IS A CERTaIS irony in the
fact that Richard Helms will ~o to Iran
as the :lmerican ambassador 20 years
aflcr the agency he now: heads o:?;tan-
ized and directed the oL-erthroLV of the
regime then in poLVCr in '1'ahcran. The
talc is tL?orth t?ecountin? if only be-
cause of the chanties in t?.vo decades
which have affected the Central Intel-
ligence :1~ency as well as American
forci,n policy.
Helms first scent to work at the C'I:1
ln- I9Y7 and he came up to his present
post as director throunh what is gener-
ally called the "departme:a of dirty
tricks." Hon?eL?er, there is rothiu~ on
the public record to show that he per-
sonally had a hand in the oL?ert!~ron? of
the Communist backed an /or ori-
ented recline of Premier \[o!::;mined
ltiossadegh in 193, an action ;aat re?
turned the Shah to his throne. t';;e can
only- guess at the wry smile ti? ~t :aunt
have come to the Shah's face L -hen L?e
first heard that President \i:-:;rn ?.~as
proposing to send the CI:1's toF :zap
to be the American envoy.
The Iranian affair, and a si;nilar
CL-1 action in Cuatetnala the follosiit,
year, are looked upon b~? old handy at
t~CbP*VRfiM.B1 S$!Y,toy ,7ny~ , vQp?- p,~,,.,yp,~.y ~.. 3'F>~~.`c.
and the country was thron?n into crisis.
_llossadegh '?conniL?ed," as 11'ise and
Iioss put it, with Tucieh, Iran's Com-
munist party, to bolster his band. The
British and americans derived he had
to ~o and picked Gen. FazollahLaltedi
to replace him. The man tLlto sta;c-
mana~ed the job on the spot u?as I{er-
mit "f{im" Roosevelt (tL-ho also had a
hand in some fancy goin?~s-on in
Egypt}, grandson of 1'.R. and seventh
cousin of F.D.R., and now a Z1'ashing-
tonian in private business.
ROOSet?^lt managed to ;;et to Teheran
and set uo underground headquarters.
A chief aide t?,as I;city. Gen. H.';orman
Schu?arzkopf, who, as head of~the \eLv
Jersey state police, had become famous
during the Lindbcr,h baby kidnaping
case. Sch~varzl:opf had reorganized the
Shah's police force ar.d he anci Roose-
velt joined in the 1953 operation. The
Shsh dismissc?dllossade;;h and named
7,aheldi as Premier but ,lto~sacie~,h ar-
rested the officer whp htvu^ilt the baci
neLVS. 1'he Teheran streets filiecE with
rioters and a scared Shah fled first to
Sa~hdad and then to l.cme. Dulles
flew to Rome to confer Lvitlt him. Hoo?
seL?elt ordered the Shah's by the 1961 I3ay of
Pigs fiasco it plauncd and ran, has
LLi;hdraLrn from such lar;e scale af-
fa:rs as iran, save for its continuing
/ STATINTL
major role in the no ion^er "secret
Lear in Laos." I'hc climate of today ~
tLOUId not permit the Gnited States to
'repeat the Iranian operation, or so one STATINTL
resideta tii~on (Echo Lvas Vice Presi-
dent at the time of Iran) loves sur-
prises.
'1'hc c'imate of 1953, however, was
t?ery different and must be taken into
account in any judgment. .Moscow
then teas fishing in a meat. many
troubled Lraters and among them was
Iran. It teas probably true, as Allen
Dulles said on that 1965 TV show, that
??at no time has the CI:1 engaged in
any political activity or any intelli-
gencc that was not approved at the
hig!test level." It teas all part of a
deadly "game of nations." Richard Bis-
sell, Lvho ran the li-2 pro,ram and the
I3a,L? of Pigs, was asked on that TV
show about the morality of CI:1 activi-
ties. "I think," he replied, that "the
morality of ,shall the call it for
short, cold Lvar . , . is so infinitely eas-
ier than the morality of almost any
kind of hot twat that I neL?er encoun?
tered this as a serious problem."
1953: Tehcratt tinting that
tltrety tke got;enunrnt left t)te
ed States Point Four office
oaer-
lirit
tritla
the agency as high points of :: sort in
the Cold 11'ar wears. Uacid 11'ise and
Thomas B. I;oss have told the Iranian
dory in their hook, "The Invisible Cu~-
crnment," and the CL1 bo: , at the
time, :Men Dulles, conceded in public
after he left the ~oLCrnmcnt that the
Lnited States had had a hand in what
occurred.
tium took oL?er anglo-Iranian tL~hich t:atd Lt ar years Ana the ct_~ role were
operates to this day,thou;h the Shah best put by Dulles in a letter that he
hi
f
rom
s
has squeezed more and more revenue tcrote me in 1961. E~:cerpis
from the 14esterners. then forthcoming boot: had appeared
i~tt Harper'S and I haci su~cested to him
In his 1963 boob, "The Craft of Intel- some further revelations he might in-
ligence?" published after he lcit CL1, elude in the hook. He tL~rote about ad-
Dulles :wrote that. tL?hen in both Iran ditions he was making: "This includes
and Guatemala it ''became clear" that more on Iran and Guatemala and the
a.Commtntist stale Lvas in the makin:, problems of policy in action when
"support from outside R'aS ;ivcn to there begins to be evidence that a
loyal anti?Conununist elements." Ina country is slipping and Communist
1965 1rC television documentary or. take-over is threatened. titie can't wait
"The Science of Spyi:lEoQA~~t~@ti~~RQ(~I~RDP80-016018000500230001-4
through paym nt of lower +yages the socialist revolutions that were ~ ,:;, ,z -.-1
than in the home country' and inevitable at that time in a nom- . GOT! i ..= ~-~ r`
 Approved For ReB'Ia~f9B/14~DP80-016
? November 1972 STATINTL
The Cer~~r~t 6~fie[[~~ce~~e f?~~e~n~y: ~ .
James Hepburn
"/ riever had any thought ... when 1 set up the C/A, that it would be injected into
peacetime cloak-and-dagger operations. Son>e of the complications and embarrassment
.that I think ne have experienced are in a part attributable?to the fact t/rat this quiet
intelligence' arm o1 t-re President has been so removed from its intended role ...'?
? 1 US
Introductory Note by the Editor
Tho book "Farewell America", by James Ilepbt+rn.
has published in 1968 in English b}? Frontiers Co.
in Vaduz, Liechtenstein; 410 pages long, including
l4 pages of index. Jaares liepbt+rn is a pse++don)?m;
the book is reputed to have been written by the
F>-ench.Intclligence, in order to report to Ameri-
cans v:hat aetuall}? happened ~in the assassination
of. President John F. t;ennedy. Copies of the book
ma}? be.purchased readily in Canada, and at one or~
two addresses in the united States. Ko bookstore
in the l;+ti fed States that 1 know of will order and
sell topics of the book. (lnquire of the Kational
Committee to lnvestigatc Assassinations, 927 15th.
St, l~V;, V:ashi^.;ton, D.C. 20405, for wa}?s to put- .
chase the book.) The twenty chapters arc ab-
sorbingly interesting.
Information about secret intelligence services
and the hay they operate is of course not in the
open literature. In the two and a half }?ears
since I read the book, 1 h:n?e seen no demonstra-
tion that any of the information contained in the
book is false - and the information does tie in
-with much else that is known. Perhaps more than
9U;; of what is in the book is true.
The following article is based on Chapter l5,
"Spies", of."Farewell America".
Everyr:here - and the Lnited
lion - there are criminals who
States is no excep-
tvil] do anything for
money. Itut it is one thing to murder a
Senator or a jealous husl,and, and quite
assassinate the President of the l;nited
creditor, a
another to
States.
-Harry Truman, Pres?dent of t re ?
quoted at the start of the chapter
kov's "Tsar Satan" at the Kicv Opera.l The assassin,
a lawyer named Dimitri Boyrov, w?as convinced he had
acted in the cause of freedom, and man}? others before
him had sacrificed themselves in the struggle against
the Tsars. But fanatics like Bogrov who arc pre-
pared to die for a cause are few indeed, and the
nihilists lost more men?than the imperial fa^,i lies.
Professional Soldier Assassins
? Today,~professional soldiers and guerilla w?ar-
riors have taken up where the nihilists left off.
.They are just as courageous, but often less success-
s
5
year
ful. In Germany, in 12 }?ears of Itazism ant
of war, despite the Kreisau Circle and the numerous
groups that claimed in 1946 'to have belonged to the
underground, despite the work of the Allied intel-
ligence.services-and the plots hatched b}? several
high-ranking officers of the V~ehrmacht and the Oh'11,
Ilitler was never assassinated. Two officers, how-
ever, tried.
The first planted a bomb on one of Ilitler's
aides, claiming it was a bottle of cognac. ?the
bomb was due to go off in the plane carrying the
Fuehrer to the eastern front, .but it failed to
explode. 1'he assassination attempt was net?er dis-
covereJ. It was publicized later b}? its author,
who meanwhile had recovered his "bottle of Cognac".
Colonel Von Stauffenberg Against Nitler
The second, more serious attempt was the work of
Colonel F;laus fon Stauffenberg. Ills failure dealt
a deathblow to the plot of July _0, 1944. Stauffen-
berg either didn't dare or didn't care to shoot
Ilitler.2 Instead, he placed his briefcase, contain-"
ing the equivalent of a pound of Tl\T3, under the
conference table r.here Ilitler was sitting and left
the room, claiming Ire had to make a phone call. The
TAT w?as set off b)? a detonator a few minutes later.
But Colonel 1'on Stauffenberg, while a .brilliant
lilted killers arc rarcl}? emplo}?ed b}? a parapolit- cavalr}?man, w?as a poor saboteur. Ills bomb would
teal or paramflitar}? gfoup. They arc much too dam- have killed Hitler. and probably most of the other
gerous. 71+eir connections, their morals. and their officers present, if the conference had been he id.
insatiable avarice pose too many problems for a as was usually the case at Rastenburg, in the case-
responsible organization. Un the other hand, a ment of a cement blockhouse'. The closed quarters
number of individuals active in groups like the would have magnified the compression, and the explo-
John Birch Society, the 1':rtrick Henry ~:aociation, Sion mould hate proved fatal. Un that hot July day,
and the Christian Crusaders wou1J be only too happy - howevir, the conference was held instead in a wooden
to volunteer for an ideological crime. But. although barracks with the rtitndows open. Ilitler was only
successful assassinations have on occasion been the knocked to the floor and slightly wounded by the
work of fanatics, serious-minded conspiratot?s would explosion.
prefer not?to rely~on idealists. Ili story tells us, Colonel Von Stauffenberg was mistaken in his
,why. ~ ~ ~ _ Choice of an explr+sive. T\T is excellent for blow-
. ~ Approveac~'~or~sien pa p 2 /n4?:~ CI ii4nl~~~~k?09~~1~0100~a0~~00@9f ~ this type
S~ZT~~?~t v7hS 's'fh6~ t`~ v used a
The Tsar s Prime bttnistcr, )? t
death !n 19(1 during a performance of itimsky-horsa- dcfensive''grenadc of tl:e type used by the ,erman
STATINTL-
Hired Killers
 Approved For Release 2QQ4 :CIA-RDP8~-~~b~'~~t~A00500230001-4
NOV 1972
LIFE
LETTERS
by Flora Lewis
THE POLITICS OF HEROIN IN SOUTH-
EAST ASIA
by Alfred W. McCoy
Harper & Row, S 10.95
One fact is beyond dispute: heroin
.is flooding into the United States in
sufficient quantities to support an
ever growing number of addicts. Esti-
mates about the drus traffic are unre-
liable, but trends are painfully clear
in mounting deaths, }?oung zombies
stumbling titroush cit}? streets, crime
to the point of civic terror. There are
? said to be some 560,000 addicts in
America now, t??ice the number esti-
mated two years ago and ten times
the level of 1960. .
Another fact goes unchallenged:
suddenly, in 1970, high-grade pure
white heroin, which Americans prefer
to the less refined drub more nor-
mally consumed by Asians, appeared
in plentiful and cheap supply wher-
ever there ~r-ere GI's in Vietnam. The
epidemic was a vast eruption. It took.
the withdrawal of the troops to douse
it, for the fearful flow could not be
staunched.
Be}'ond those facts, the sordid story
of drug trafficking has been a shad-
owy, elusive mixture of controversial
elements. It was obvious that there
must be corruption involved. It was
obvious that there must be politics in-
volved, if only because the traffic con-
tinues to flourish on such a scale de-
spite the energetic pronouncements
of powerful governments. It takes a
map of the whole world to trace the
drug net.
Since the United States suddenly
became aware of the sinister dimen-
sions of the plague and President
Nixon bravely declared war on drugs
(unlike the persistently undeclared
war in Indochina), it has been cus-
tomary for U.S. officials to pinpoint
the poppy fields of Turkey and the
clandestine laboratories of Ivlarseille
as the source of most of the American
curse.l`Tobodvdenied that the bulk of
the world's illicit opium (some say 70
percent, some say 50 to 60 percent) is
grown in Southeast Asia and partic-
ularly in the "golden triangle" of
mountains where Burma, Thailand,
and Laos meet. But the U.S. govern-
ment insisted; and continues to insist
in the 111-page report on the world
opium trade published in August,
that this supplies natives and seldom
enters American veins.
Not so, says Alfred W. McCoy,
who spent some two years studying
the trade. And further, it is certain to
become less and less so as measures
which the United States demanded in
Turkey anc~ France take effect in
blocking the old production and
smuggling patterns. This is of crucial
importance for t~vo reasons. One is
that firm establishment of an Asian
pattern to America means that the
crackdown in Turkey and France will
be next to futile so far as availability
of heroin in the United States is con-
cerned. The second is that focusing
attention on Southeast Asia would
brim Americans to understand that
the " ??ar on dnrgs" is inextricably in-
volved with the Indochina ~var, and
has to be fought on the same battle-
ground from which President Nixon
assured us he was disengaging "with
honor."
McCoy, a twenty-seven-year-old
Yale graduate student,. worked with
immense diligence and considerable
courage-for the opium trade is. dan-
gerous business and: the combination
of opium, politics, .and .war can be
murderous-to document the facts of
the Asian pattern.
A good deal of it has been common
gossip in tawdry bars of Saigon, Vien-
tiane, and Bangkok for }'ears. But the
gossip mills of Indochina are a long
way .from the streets of Harlem and
the high schools of Westchester
Count}'. The general knowledge that
the rumors reflected is a long way
from precise, confirmed detail. So the
Asian pattern had 'never .come
through clearly in the United States.
Nov, in his book The Politics of
Heroin in Sorrtlreast Asra, McCoy has
set it down. To show how it Bevel-
oped, he had to backtrack. The use of
opiates in the United States has a
lone history. It wasn't until after
World War I that widc~pread oppro-
brium, added to growing understand-
ing of the dangers, turned the trade
into an underworld monopoly. But
World War II disrupted the supply
routes. Unable to get drugs, Ameri-
can addicts were forced to quit the
hard way. The market diminished,
and, with a modicum of enforcement
effort and international cooperation,
might have been wiped out.
A single U.S. official act, McCoy
believes, turned that chance around
and enabled the creation of a world-
wide octopus of evil almost beyond
Approved For Release 2001/03/04 :CIA-RDP80-016018000500230001.-4
 .ran^.,~~,r Ap~ro~,~,d For Release 2001/03/04 :~I'~TI~~'~8
nr + c; Fti,;~
~ - 559't (7aG
S -- 537 , 875
C~
Iiy Lc;naM 1'^]r ,^ ~; .. 1 -1 1 f C 1 ' infant (i ~~t}lam from cancer ~nd
i
1
O
L
way utal: I said, ',vtr, rreslctent, i~
I know you are worthy of my ~' 000 a year. '~
Well there said she.
. .~. .,
,..
r C .5
l i .,,%~ ~ u \ 1,.cu.Cd SH
C
O.. U 0.
c{ p u ~ .d 1;:..n l c:in;,~ a ; umL 1 ~. ~ leukemia, gird increased birth Industry pays the campaign
disc,_.!]c,:,,l?ty, ~ 'Ih;Ir v,edciii:~ sifts were' defects. bills that keep the poli,l,,tans
- in office he said, and industry
?
been to satisfy a ver harsh
and rigid cr,tscicilcc my moth-
er gage n1c;" ~pocic said iil an
intervi w here IasC week.
Lt llarrnony itioty
north acc~ltt So,O00, accorc:!nI; He scud he reached t,tat con?,
to Shock's bio_rapher, Lynn !. ' t'iction on the basis of scic;ntif- o~,ms the governmeia. Ha said
Iilonui, a11d they took ti;eir is c~?idence, but rcluctaiilly. he didn'C oppose tvealth merely
v.~ed.ul cuittu?e anti ruin-soaked hills .aucl sa-
But Pahl was not content merely to urban terrol?isln. Open Warf ^.rc has de- vannas is suft'ertng a reign of terror that ltas
VClOped bettt'CC:11 C1elnCritS Of 111C pO11tiCai clai[ned several hundred lives in the past
oot out the bad ill out Governuicnt; he right and left? and shoolings'a.ild bonlb_ few months alone, anti tlfousancts since it
lso offered strong anti unfailing support began in 1967, with u.s. support, as a couu-
o those progr~;Ins he considered to be ings have almost become cotilmcnplo.ce' terinsurgency ol,eration to destroy a rapidly
!ecessary and worlhwiiile, Among ills Guerrilla activity has been a paT'ticl2- expanciinU guerrilla movement. Only rarely
(rally CI1deP:VOrS, he Cvi11 be remembered lat'ly VlOlellt f01']Yl Of ill'b?,al 1115111'geilCy have the victims been members of the goer-
s one of those integral to the effort to since fins inception in the cities of Guate- rilla bands, vrhich are hasecl primrrily in the
reate an urban renctval program in nlala. Although the g:overninent att^mrts capital and in the dry, hungry hillbilly
;leveland. to dismiss these murders anCl kidnap- country of the Guatemalan Oriente, More
ings as the acts of extremists, currelft often the victims have been peasants, stu-
In order for democracy to wort; prop- information reveals that many of these delfts, university professors, journalists,
I'ly, thCl'e mt7St al[[?&yS be a g2'Olip Of union leaders, and con~resslonal deputies,
tcdicated citizens willinL to take ou the incidents have the tacit suppol?t of goy- wlfo have been kinc?d for vaguely leftist
,urdeu of constantly probiu;;, question- crnmeilt.al oii!cials. Some of the victims political associations or because of personal
ng, and stud}?in~ file actions of their have been proulinellt Guat:-n~itlans in- grudges. .
;OVCrI1211C;1t. Pat'? I,llley 50 labol'ed fOr C1tUhn;,' lay; pl'OfCSS01'S, COngfCSSri1Ct1, a The CFSC of. Guatemala is only the most
he p?ople of Cleveland, aiici he [will be labor leader, a. \[~ealhy inchlsti?ialist?, anti iurict ezanfple of the kind o` p::ranfil,tary
OrC1y I11i.55L'd by the CO-nr;1Ui]lty l,e a rar110 Stat1011 O[': nCT. Alt.lOllgll al'1'CSt~5 violence that emerged 1n Latin America dur-
have not been made--even th0ug}1 Z ing the late.1960s es a recurrent method of
Ci't'ed 50 [Cell StalO Of 6ieg"e etiiStS 121 GilatClnRla--th'_ mnraging intractable social and political
I WOUId. nOCJ like t0 COmif;Cnd to In}' ~ problems. 1t is also prevalent in Brazil and
'~ t ' t 1 ? r e '1 b?~~n cotn-
1
o
[
[
t
:olleagues the resolution of the
,'ouncil of CJevtaand honoring
nenlory of Patil Liliey.
The resolution foilov~~s:
RESOLUT70?7 OF' COICDOLENCE
(By LIr. Garofoli) .
~
, y
e
ep
.., 1 of is .tc s ict
Cit}' `"` Santo I~ontingo, for c>:auiple. In Guatemala
the Iiiitted by ban d5 Of vigi1211tES who ap- only a p~.rt of the killing of dissidents has
\\'hereas, the sudden death of Paul E. L[]ley
[as saddened and stu[;ned the m::ny per.:ons
~f this comnnmitY who knevr h/m as an 1n-
ense, probing re, otter, quick v;ith a ques-
ton and quick v; iih a quip; anti
\Vhereas, tiffs Council remembers Faul best
or the 21 years he u-as at tha Stall from 19=4
o }965 during t:~i;icit time he teas named "the
;ouncilnfau from \,'ard 34" wi[o v:ould scat
[Stnself at the tom fittee tab/a a;fd Surnish
luestions to be asked of the Adnftnistration,
rho v;ould plead susccssfully for the cot2-
truction of the "L:'iley yonci~'-neighbor-
[ood walk to sv: itumina pools and v; ho would
sense a neophyte councilman's mistakes fo:-
he fitbt two weclcs of his term but no lower;
,nd
v~'hereas, a hard working, tot;gh, persistent
eporter wh.9i`tras .tt the Hall land enough to
:now City government anti City employees
'aul would differentiate bctt:?een the vast
najority of dedicated public servants whom
Ie praised and "tire phoneys" v: hom he would
earth out; and
\Vhereas, while there are many wbps th2.t
he" life of a person may be evaluated, the
i?ue measure of a man is the respect he
stns from his fellowman and the es?Mm
:hick his coller.~.tes? have for him and in
his regard Paul E. Liliey a'as truly a giant
mong men; and
Whereas, Council which }:new and re-
pected hitr,, desires to honor and record the
nemory of this truly outst2nding reporter;
toty, therefore
Be it resolved, Ti7at Council honors the
nemory of Paul F.. Liliey and expresses its
iecpest sympathy to his bereaved family, pia
:olleagues on the Cleveland Press and the
nany prrso:fs who mourn his lxs.
Be it further resolved, That the Clerk of
~ounc3l be and she hereby is requeste3 to
transmit a copy of this resolution to Coun-
al President Anthony J. Garofoli for presen-
:abionto the decedent's family.
patently do not al)ploVe of oui)ositloi, t0 been clone by the government's official forces.
the Current 1'CgIInC, aS the Vlcl1]77S had L1 1967 more than ttt'ent}' right-tying para-
all been critical Of President Aratia a21d. military terrorist groups vent into action
his pOIiCieS. with weapons supplleci to the Guatemalan
A number of Guatemalans Tcport that army under the U.S. military a.id pragrant.
lllally of the murders WCi'C dii'ectl}' COIIl- The groups used names like the \:'itite Hand,
milted by certain factious of the army, the Purple rose, the New Antt-Confmuntst
Organ!~ation, etc. Trey first circulated leaf-
n'111Ch COiltl'O1S all POl1CC aCtit?Il}' LindCT lets carrying the names and sometimes t11e
the StatC of Siege. ~Vllat 15 e5peciallY photos apps of their auuounced victims,
tl'OllbleSGIne, 14r. Speaker, 15 t!1C pOS51b1C whose corpses-and those of many others-
IriVO1CClilent of otlr Governmcut In Situ- vrere Inter found grotesgtteIy mutilated: dead
pG2'tltlo these CCi'1'Ol'i Sl A.O t1V1tiF'S thl'Oll~-h men with their eyes gOtigc l
Poverty") his grave concern at be~.expanded to the point~wheie
"the prostitution of U.S. academic they erode the bases of our sys-
=' life through the financing of re- tem of law and justice. '
' '-book ("The Challenge of World. al procedures. But they must not
i
~.. -
-infiltration of the academic com-
=e munity. Gunnar Myrdal, the
Swedish political scientist and
economist, expresses in his latest
STATINTL
and to project `ti1:eIy develop- search on Latin American prob-
ments from the facts." Iems by the CIA and other gov--~
But there it stops, according to ernment agencies. Latin Amer-
ica's intellectuals fully share
H
l
"
e
ms.
We not only have no
; STATINTL
biyrdal's evaluation..
stake in
olic
debates
b
t
p
y
,
u
we
-#
cannot and must not take sides," Eisenhower's account of his sec-
he said. "The role of intelligence and administration ("jY a g i n g
in policy formulation is limited peace") also places the CIA in a
to providing facts.... Our role role far more extensive;than~the
extends to the estimate function. collection and projection of facts.
...but not to advocacy." ge provides data. which can be ,
Apparently Helms has neglec- collated with information from
fed to read President Eisen- other sources to establish the
bower's memoirs, a grave over- leading part played by the CIA in
sight for a collector of facts. In organizing and ' equipping the
"Mandate for Change" Eisen- force assembled in Central Amer?
bower describes in detail the role ~ ica in 1960 to invade Cuba.
of Allen Dulles, Helms' predeces-
,~ ~ t
sor as head of the CIA, in the in- A public official engaged in
~ espionage might possibly defend
v~cinn of Rnefn...~ln ... 7!]Rd ....A
the overthrow of that country's "" ~`~`~l"' "` ~""1Y11? a.. "`-
emy. I do not see, however, any
constitutional government by a _____~,_ ____, __ ____ , ,. ,
mercenary army financed and out-
fitted by the CIA and private
United States interests.
THE INVASION was at the
point of failure when the invaders
lost their air force in combat.
Eisenhower in Washington re-
viewed the crisis with Henry Hol-
land of the State Department and
Allen Dulles. Holland, who in
Eisenhower's own words cvas "the
real expert in Latin American af-
fairs," warned of the appalling
harm the United States would suf-
fer in Latin American and world
opinion if we intervened official-
ly. But Dulles fought him and per-
suaded Eisenhower to overrule
him The planes were replaced
and the Guatemala government
was overthrown.
-justification for treating the
American public as the enemy to
be deceived. Yet such a practice
seems to have become a recoo
nized and .widely accepted part '
of our institutions.
.. .. _
The CIA is not an insignificant '
detail of government. Its annual
budget, for which the director
does not have to account, is in
excess of $3 billion. The size of
its staff is classified but it report-
edly more than 20,000. Employes
are exempt from civil service pro?
cedures. The agency makes and
enforces its own rules for hiring,
investigation and firing. And, as
transpired in 1969 when .it re-
fused to allow its members ~ to
testify at acourt-martial of Green
Berets charged with murder, it is
not even answerable to the na-
tion's judicial system:
National security consider-
ations may justify such exception-
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C~l'~~ii:''JJiJlTtil. I~lr'.CVi~L-~~iCtJ~iT' r/1CCj ,7~ IJ%j
These "p?ace activities" ~ort:linly v; ere
not deai~n:d to ?!ro:coto lo_?c1t,? or h :r-
mony t:itilin ~.. Gcver_Irlent, gild I
franlay a t:~ at a log to u_nciarstand v:1~y
t.,i-~ 1,7.,..
they t,: ore per:ni aed to _.. ._ . o ea
Goscnlln~nt pry ~crty. Z and sane there
re rho o Govern.: ent ct?_~:1c: eos t::Ilo
hat'8 ;>"_SOna1 CO:..., .On3 inst th? tear
Ili Viet:la't? and ,~ou_d li'.-:e'to attend ac-
tivities such as these. gut it is tot2ily ]II-
con:c:re':,_e:sire t, 111 v.hy the Depart-
ment of Fleal_h, Education, and t,'elfare
is acco:nn:od~t_ tl?esc protest grot:ps
in presenting t^: r n __asa,e by ma::in,
Goverulleilt space p the tear-v:e'11 stop the Go:zrnmer.t."
April 8 (Thur.) Fe::nie D,.ci>, ::at:onal
norfliuatar of tre Fecp:?e's Co:~li:ion for
ace and Justice 11::5 ~`.`_ _:orth Auditc-
Im. Fle will spe^'.< ea the sprint a:tti--::ar
ticit'_es and hoc: IiE'.~ et_:p: ~; zes can be-
me invoiced.
April 14 (tYed.) In3.chi: ~.e ai_r ~iic:a:
lm 1`l0. 2) Tit'.a: "Faop=.e's -,'ar" Rm.
37-tiorth.~This fi:rn s:to~.?.s the `:omit Ciet-
ntese people under tier con_litio:ls (August
69) organizing t~ d2fzn-; *.az:r c~unlz?:.
April 15 (Thurs.) CictaCt:_t veterans
ainst the n'ar (11:45 A`?I Room G-751
>rtit. F.epreszr.tstices o:` rite estimated
)00 t:etnr.m cc;sr:a; v:ito ?:: i!1 be mrch-
0 on R'a=_iti: gCOn April 19-?3 .:ill spz:~
out the c:^.r.
April 21-22 (t`:ed.-Thy:rs.1 P.ue:e::dum:
le vier in IndochCna. All Ham':: _. ~~lo_:ees
11 b? as=:ed to p:~rticipate b; Po`i^~ on
c?eral natio:al issues.
April 21 (Thttrs.) Indxhina 1071: Ho? is
e war different? ;1 :45 3..: P.m G-731 ticrth.
panel OL C: ashi_ ~`. J:t aCil~l~_3 II:CI tad la^
Z
dividuals c;ho h::e r'cent:y m=: with Vict-
ime;e and Lao-'i^.ns, mill spzal: to the
ar,oino char. _..-.ics o: ~.. ... _.
April 24 (S: ty) Yz^.ce r:.lly and,n~:rscit. The
~dzral e:npio;z~'s cx~ti:>gznt e:ill mzet at
:30 A`.I in !.IC?i:erson Square (23 F.; Ii
reefs. N.~V.) .
April 23 (t`:ed.) "The Advoc^`e": Special
sue. Tills Issue o? Tire Ad?,roca:e ::ill focus
:tirely on IIE'~F and its relationship to the
tr.
April 23 (fit-zd.) I^docl:ineaz film festi?:al
ast oL 3) 12 ::can to 1 P' I ?,. 11 :'-Scrtit.
tie: 'Strugtie fo: LiC_. Ti:is film
is prodtlcad by the tiaUoasl Liberation
?ont (NLF) to =_Ito~ the scru;;:e for libera-
on in South Cie*.al:n and to s:^os the
:alth sere ices pro', lded by t:^~ :.LF.
April 29 (Ti:urs.l Pzopi^'s lobby Hi,.`:J
ill be the all-; ay fecal polar of the anti-
ar activities. Reprasen.:uives from \"Z~RO
td SCLC will d:set;~s rite tear and opp:es-
on here at home with HiP7 emp:oy ees ; t
noon in the Auditorium.
Among the events listed oil the sched-
e, you will note Rennie Davis, national
lordinator of file People's Coalition for
ogee and Justice, spea>;ing on April 8 in
le North Auditorium regarding the
Spring anti-^ ar activities and how
ENV employees can bocome involved.
epresenta?ives of the Vietnam Veteran
;ainst the ~Var there to address em-
.oyees about the v: ar on April 15 in the
orth nuilding. The Indochinese Film
estival included three films; one por-
aying the effects of the v; ar on the Illdo-
tinese civilian population and present-
lg the tiiay Day Movement's demand:
IL the Government v: on't stop the tcar-
e'll stop the Government.
Another film, identified as beit?g pro-
uced by the i`+ational Liberation Front,
:loved the struggle for liberation in
outh Vietnam ar.d health services pro-
ided by the 1~ZF. A third film, v:hick I
resume was also produced by the Na-
ional Liberation Front, shoe: ed the
forth Vietnamese people under trar con-
itions organizing to defend their coun-
ry
The SPEAKER. Under a previous order
of the House, the gentlelna.n from Maine
(~Ir. I-It?rxatv.lY) is recognized for 10
minutes.
[1~'Ir. H~THA`VAY addressed the
House. His remarks t=: ill apl:esr hereafter
i_*1 the Extensions of Remarl:s.l
U.S.S.R., U.S.A., Al`:D THE PANA\IA
CANAL
The SPEAIKER. Under a previous order
of file Hottse, the gentleman from Penn-
sylvania (tilr. F:.oon) is recoo ized for
15 minutes.
Mr. FLOOD. 1;Ir. Speaker, in recent
years various i4Iembers of the Congress
in both Senate and House have tt?arned
of the long range Soviet program for
wresting control of the Panama Canal
from the United States. To meet this
d~a.n,er my distinguished colleague from
tiiissouri (i`,Ir. Hut) and I have intro-
duced identical resolutions expressing
the sense of the House of P,enresenta-
tives that tl?e United States should main-
tain its undiluted sovereiollty and juris-
diction over the Carat Zone and canal.
\Ic.ny oiler ?;Iembers of the Hous? have
jowled us ill this e wort.
The fact til:'.t rho tiu;e has come for the
house to act on the Indic:~.ted r~solu-
tions is et'idellced by the publication in
the Septen7bcr 1970 issue of the New
Tia:os of ?,Io!co',: of a nlest reve:lliag ar-
ticle by Ruben Dario tionz_., rho Gcr.2ra1
SeCl'etal'y Of the PCODle'S PaI'ty Of Pal?-
an?a, t;ho visite:l the Soviet cal~it~l at
that rim?. This Soviet support of Pan-
an?avian obj~ctit?es is most si;nirtcant.
In an article iii a recent issue of East
Europe, a distinguished international
manazirc published in Nety York, Joh
P. 8^ei121, its executive editol?, quotes a
ma=jor pertieli of tl:e D rio Souza, article,
interprets its thrust as regarc's Soviet
objectives at Fanama, and urges a three
pJ:Ilt p~.o~l'am to safeguard the vital in-
terests of the United States. As stated
by' aLlillo:', Speller, tills program, c:hich
does no, acruire no??? trea`._e~ t~:ith Pan-
a:r.a, consists of the follov,-ing:
First, rer?..,u'mation of U.S. soverei~rty
in l:erpetuity over the Canal Zone;
SeCOnd, 1P.C'.'e'iSe Of 58et1I'Ity p:'eCaU-
tions as re;a?-ds the employment of aliens
in security positions in the maintenance
gild operation of file canal; and
Third, file major modernization of the
existing P~.II^,nla Canal.
Ti?e previously mentioned re~o'.utions
to rea:~n?:n U.S. soverei^~Ity over the
Canal Zone and canal, alti7ou,-n intro-
duced in ti?e Howe, have not yet
been acted upon. Proposed lz~islaton for
the major modernization of the canal
has been introduced in both House and
Senate but ha' a the capitaIisi \~'est,
ordi,^.uri?y so ewer, for .sera sations,
STATINTL
- n]alces scant rnz:dion of t*.c>a oCC:;r-
1 r
rcncca .o: else. tries tv put the biame,
for Cae situation on the Guatemalan
'Left. Eat even so, the truth about the
reactiunliries reign of terror a,frd its
real sources penetrates to the outside
world. .
VJ;~::i? Se:=,~:' c". v;:~i:t~~ fie:+c~le~~
Ear.1y this February, a prominent
tne;nh;r of the Guatemalan nlodcrate
.opposition arrived in 4kashin~ton. Eie
asked to bz ' caked 5erior Dolningo,
exp:aini;ig:
"If tray name is publis?:e~ l w l be
kilted when ! rc+turn to Guatemala. I
c'.o not 2x1]ect to live until on: nett
Presidential election, which is ir: 19i4.
Eut 1 do rant want to commit suicide."
The v!sitor toad news:n,.n ih~t since
the goven;;nent of Co]anal Carl.r, Ara-
,7:3 Gscrla ]lad C0:11O tG power last July,
t?le terror l:ad gat vrore than ever.
Gve,- iU0 p cop?e had been kiL`ed.
The 1J,S. press introduc~?d SeSo:
Do:n:n~o as a man "w~a lvnc:rn to
nor,-Cv:nr:,enist Lettist circles outside
Guatemc.i:t" and "r4specteci even ` by
State Dcpartrnent of vials who are
policybou*.:d to "support the Ara:ia
governnlant." The chief purpose of 'tis
trip teas to persuade the U.S, authori-
ties to step st:pporting the present Gua-
te:nal:gin re.gi:ne, or at least to conde;an
the ter: o: i[ encaura~ed.
Sut he got a very cord reception.. He
was riven to und.rstard, 531d Il:c'
1,'aticn, that in the cpinion of ar..in-
f]uential ~:oup ci State Department,of?
facials Ara;,a rtes "carrying but messy
brat necessary houseciean:ng." As to
the killing cf members of ~ the .liberal
opposition, the f~ation gave \~rashing?
tun's -pas!t!un on abet to these wordsi ?
"That the victims inclade estensioiy.
respactab?e politieiaas is dismissed, as
an operational necessit}'."
1?his cynical reaction iIi . of:icial
Vas?]ingto:i was increased as Serior Da-
minoo was ir:]prucient enough to pailit
o::t that the Guatemalan police recei~'ed
about S' mi?lion a year through ll,e
U.S. Agency for Iaternatio^,al Develop-
m~nt. Slx memb~a of the A>e ,cy's
mission in Guatemala ? vre:e otficialIy_
listed as ."put?i.c safety advisers." and
op~r.iy Instructed the police lhuv~.
Purtherrnvre, advisers ,from the Penta?
on equipped and trained Ara::a's
12,000-sarong army, wi]ich ease to;,}:
part ?in the kiliings, and the amow.f of
U.S. ~exp~nditure on that vr4s kept
secret
"the Guatemalan opposition rep:esen?
tative cited these facts in the hvpe ih~t
liberal Congressmen would secure an
investigation into U.S. involvement in
:he events in Guatemala. But no s::ca
investigation followed. "Sp_afiin~ most
cardidty," Senor Domir:gu was told b}' '
i
a State Departnieni off,cial, "there are 1
a` lot bigger problems in the world, and !
I simply do nat. see that much Con-
gressional ir.lerest in Guatemala."
~~/'t0 ~5 iC~a:,u 'i:~. i~lljul'S
Tne cold reception tare Guatema?at:
;opposition envoy got in U.S. otfici_?i
circles eras rut dun to their having
"bigger problems." Far ]utter ' is ~ ha;.l?
,
peeing in Gttatemata is Jn effect one of
ti4'ashington's many undeclarec! wars
Seilo; Domingo's public statements only
prudt:ced exasperation in the li.S. ca;7-
ital, for they- rerninde.d the world of
that. ~Ve may mention here that Sei,ar
Donango, wha sti?1 had ilksions about
dollar "democ?racy," spo::e of .ih~ L'.S.
presence in his catintry with corsid-
crable restraint. Geargia.^,a . Geyer of the
Chicago Daily 1`'etrs .hac? ? previvus'.y
reported, for example, that there w~xe
over one thousand U.S. military a~rd
police instructors in Gaaten]ala: rlr,ii
her Uniguayan coileaguc F.ciuarda Ga?
leano had' ? reached this co:itlusion:
""i'he United ,States exercises parallel
rule in Guatemala. This is clearly tv
be seen in the pres!dential ..palace,
where to each Guatemalan there is a:
least one 4rnerican, who is the ore
,.
who in fact decides." +
This "parallel rule" ? dates all the
way back to 195, tivhcn on ~1'ashing?
ton orders and with U.S. air support '.
an army of CIA mercenaries invaded
2!te country and overthrew the existing
democratic government, V~hich had tried
to carry out a number of progressive
refo:zns cvhich affected U.S. Big $tsi?
? news interests.
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Tii]~: Si~. I.0'vIS rGSt - DISrATCiI
2G April 1971
STATINTL
Last wee'; Richard I-Ielrns in his first pub?
lie speech since his 1966 appointment as direc-
tor- of the Central httelli~tence ~l;;ency tried to
counter what he characteri?ed as a "persistent
and. grocvi~}g body of criticism ;which questions
the need and the. nrapri qty for a democratic
society to have a Central Intelligence .agency."
He-attrib~rted the criticism to an "inherent
American. distzste far peacetime oatharing of
intelligence," and told his audience that the na-
tion must "take it on faith that ;ve too are hon?
orable men devoted to l;er sere?ice.''
If' ~Ir. Hehns's analysis o: information oath-
ered abroad is as inccrlnleta :and misleading as
his interprets?ion of ;what prompts criticism of
his agency here at i:ome, then the country is
clearly in troable. It is not the intelligence
gathering aspect of the CIA's operations that
hasfed tt~e ;rc;vi~~g body. of Criticism. What the
critics `object te' are covert .paramilitary oper-
ations around the blobe, and they question
whether the secrecy that is ad?iittedly renuired
for some aspects of inte'_!i~ence path=ring should
be e:ctended to cover a. host of q_uestionabl~ and
frequently ille;;al acti~,~ities under the pretc~_t of
serving an urda.ined "i:ational interest."
In the years sake it has become active in
covert o^.?r anions the CIa has financed the inva-
signs of two coy:n`ries, Cuba and Guatemala, and
otlierwis~ ini-luenced the establishment and
overthrow of governments in a number of lands,
includin~?Vietnam. It provided planes and mer-
cenary pilots to~ths Congo (sorie of the same
men it trained to invade Cuba) and for several
years it has .financed and directed a mercenary
arnry in Laos in wiolat=:on of our treaty commit-
meats. At'the?sanyz'titne it`has enga';ed in aety-
ities that have more to do ;with props;ands than
intelligence. It has subsidized magazines and
publishing: companies and the operation of radio
stations vrhich free advertisiu~ in this country
portrayed as supported by private donations.
In addition there have been instances in re-:
cent years when the agency has apparently Seen,
success:ul in establishing for itself a glace above
ti?e la:~;. T~:o evamptes are the dismissal of a
slander suit against an agent on the ground
that, even though his statements ware not sub-.
stantiated, he ;s-as acting under orders, and the
case of the Green Berets accused by the Army
of murdering a suspected Vietnamese doubt
agent, but never brought to trial because tits
CIA refused to supply ;witnesses.
Even asst!ming that ~Ir. Helms is correct in
his contention that the agency f!tnctions under
the tight control of the President, an assumption
which many kao:wledgable critics dispute, the
fact remains that the agency's activities have
e4^tled the checks provided try the Corstituto:r
-and in loin; so it has deceived the r1ri.riccn
peo~Ie. Tite issue, then, is not ;whether the men .
in charge of the CIA are devoted, or even hon-
orzble, and faith is r_ot the ansr,-er to sicclt
fund~nrental eriticisrn. It was faith in the
efficacy of covert military and political manipn-
tion, aster all, that propelled us into our tra, c
involvement in Southeast Asia.
`1~'hat is n2adad is a check on the presidential
fascination- ;with 1Ir. Helms's "Departme:it of
Dirty Trielcs," a fascination that has pervaded
the past fear administrations. Congress is the
appropriate body to provide that check, ewer
though at present it is not doing so. The st-per-
vision now supplied by a handful of key mem-.
hers of Congress is, in the swords of a recent
Twentieth Century Fund study, "only sporadic
and largely ex post facto." Fortunately there:
are efforts new underway to strengthen congres-
sional overvie~.v of the CIA. These efforts de-
serve the support of the American people. '
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 . ~ STATINTL
.i :~' ~:
'
'
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3/b~
: IA-RDP
~A~~~y"f
t.
oi.~' :,
?~ O~ Fry ,[t: t~ .~ 29 /l?y r r"t ~ ~~/;?/:) /jr^~?; f; ,+J 'fi ? .
ti} ~ ii \2J\ ~L.tr ~1J1'/fcl~/ ~=L ~ ~~ ill ~dlJ".?i'~J!
- ?Ey Terri Shatr police and military mtgnc ...uF`...?.?"r "'""" __ -_~ -" -trainin^ lo7ram for police-
. Washtn;.ton Post StaC wrue= .~ commit abuses. ~ f1o~;ever, men are ~ Ietnam veter..ns. d P '
they did deny that any The ?nutnbcr of otltar ..4meri. men, and equip a mobile
_. GU:1TEbI:1f,A CIT1- hlso..nel :were in? cans who may be involved critre laboratar;' and a.
The United States is supply- tos:edpin any in covert work tvIth the photo lab.
such abases
ing extensive aid, in equip- and ;aid that U.S. donations local mi}ita2:~ is not kttown? Herbert Hardin, currently
rtent znd tr4itttr.^, to Glt:^.te.? of rnoncy' and epuipt::ettt did ~~'11i1e i;~ants of. militaty boleti o.` AID's Public S_~fety
ntala's police znd armed not contribute to the abuses. erlu}pmcrt have been sus- Assistance pra~r?:tt in Gt!a-
U.S. officials who were pended since the Cambodian temala, is a former r~lbu-
forces. questioned about the aid .invasion last sprln~, a large querquc,?)\'.i?T., police admin-
U Sh1C olicyt etc su'll.nrt for pt'og7?nrns said they ::?cre dc- proportion of the G:ratema- istrator :vho has worked for
what the Guatemalan rov_ sinned to moclel-nize" anti lan armed forces' equipment ' AIU in Nash}noton and in
ernrtent .calls its "pacifica- "grofessionalir~ the seta- :t?as either donated by ti~'ash- Colombia, South :~merica.
t}on program.,, city forces, thus prevetltinrt ington .or purchased froth He ha.; a degree in criminol-
misuse of police. ~ nd mill- the United Stales. ovy from the University of
The U:S. aid is controvLr? tary po?.ver. ;Military mission members California at Leraeley.
`alai here, .because m::ny Tha. U.S. State Depart- assist the Guatemalan air U.S: Called `:'lccortplice' .
Gu?temalans belie:'e that at ntent's publicly distributed force in flying and maintain-. Oae Guatemalan opposi?
least some sectors of the po- background notes on Guate- ing its 45 airplanes, and ad- lion leader deplored U.S. as-
lice and military are respon' main stela that one of ~j'ash~ vise the army on administra' sistance to the pplicc, say-
. sibje for tlluch of fhe recent ingtoa's "policy objectives lieu, irtelli~ence,? Io~istics, ing '-The government of the
political violence, and that is "to support the costitu- operations a:ui its civic ac? United States, which knows
?.-they hate at least the tacit tional government of Presi- , lion proorant? that the police ttse ~ these
approval of the oorernment? dent Arena in its efforts to The head of the rnt!itary /arms and trainin; a;ainst
Six prominent public fig- clirninate insurgency and mission; Col. Robert G..V the people, }s an accomplice
urns-and dozens of lesser terrorism" lluntlinget?, was born in :1r- of a dictatorial government."
known ones-ha:?e died vie- The U.S. agency for Inter- g,,ntin~ and spot's fluent The poIittciar., a respected -
lent deaths since the aoccrn- national Development (AID) S apish. :\s a member of
~ment of President Carlos sa}?s that one of the goals of P and experienced leader of
Arena Oso~io imposed a. its program in Guatemala is the Office of Strategic Serv- ~ his 'party, asked that his
to sti?en, then the o:?ern. -ices, he worked avith the name not be gubiisaed, sar-
atafe a! siege last ;~ot?ent-. '? ?. French - resiaance daring ing that he believed his
bor. meat's ability to contain the `l,orid 1t'ar II and with, anti= name was on a list of per-
14iost of the Guatemalans security threat. posed by a communist' guerrillas in sons marked for assassina-
I interviewed dtu?in a one- s?rious Communist, incur- China alien th;: vrar. lion.
.wool: visit here--help sup- ?ency rrtovement." -
porters and opponent; cf ~Yhile .the Li.S. military Impact of Police'rl.id University- student lead-
the government-expressed mission and police assist- While assistance to the pa? ors, who. also- asked t}let
- the belief that the regime ante prab am iu Guatemala lice is condt!cied on a much their names not be pnb-
was directly or ittd}real, r~- are small in carngarisoa smaller scale, it ilea also and lisped, charged that Guate-
aponsible for some o_' the with those in some other an important impact on male had become "a Latin
Political killin;;~? Some d:?- 'countriF;, they have acot:- Guatemala. American labaratory" for
the Central .Ihtaligeilcc
fend"d tlt^ I(1tlY?~'1'3 a5 ?- ~.iC':rata:: lra^Ct Inra_C~tiIl? S,?hrn t'l[', ,-iranfl gnvnl'il- '
necessary means of stand try c!tly sli~htiy lar~.