FROM THE DIARY OF A COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY

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CIA-RDP80-01601R000500090001-0
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RIPPUB
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K
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9
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December 9, 2016
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November 3, 2000
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1
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Publication Date: 
July 29, 1972
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NSPR
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STATINTL Approved For Release F$ 3 P IA-RDP80-01 29 July 1972 8R1r :-EUu,U,7. 3 Books FROM THE DIARY OF A COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY .by Pavel Kohout translated from the Czech by George Thelner McGraw-Hill, 307 pp., $7.95 Reviewed by Sanche de Gramont In 1945 a sixteen-year-old Czech school- boy named Pavel Kohout watched Russian tanks enter Prague to liberate it from the Germans. In 1968 Kohout, now a well-known playwright, saw Rus- sian tanks once again in the streets of Prague, this time in a newspaper photograph. Kohout was vacationing in Italy, and the tanks were putting down the govcrnmr_nt of Alexander Dub6ek, who had attempted to create "socialism with a human face" in Czechoslovakia. Kohout's From the Diary of a Coun- ter-Revolutionary concerns the inter- vening two decades of political turmoil in his country, 'centering around the events of 1968. He uses the term - counter-revolutionary in an ironic sense, for it is the one the Communists applied to those who opposed the Soviet invasion. The diary is actually a series of three alternating journals, distin- guished in the book by different type faces. The first follows Kohout in Prague from 1945 through a twenty- year struggle as a Communist writer and intellectual. The second is the diary of the "Prague spring" of 1968, when Antonin Novotny, the Stalinist hard liner, was replaced by Dub&ek as first secretary of the party, and the ice- berg formed during twenty years of subservience to Moscow began to thaw. The final diary recounts Kohout's Ital. ian holiday, his arguments with his mistress, and his decision to return home. Although the technique of tun' ping together different diaries can be dislocating, it admirably expresses the episodic, fragmented quality of Ko- hout's life. The book, however, is much more than an account of recent events in Czechoslovakia; it is the complicated biography of a generation that grew up questioning.its allegiance to a Soviet on the radio today." A streetcar con- ductor tells a German flier that he can no longer accept German currency. Several days later Kohout is riding on the turret of a Russian tank. A year later Kohout is climbing the statue of St. Wenceslaus in the center of Prague to get a better view of the withdrawing Red Army. In two years-it is 1948- he is again in the streets, demonstrat- ing in favor of the Communist.coup that has ousted the Bene? government and installed Clement Gottwald. Ko- hout is a loyal Communist, a party member whose sympathy for Russia Communism without the Warsaw Pact would be -in danger in such countries as Hungary and Poland where it has not taken firm root. Kohout replies: "Are you trying to tell me that sincere Socialists and friends have been sacri- ficed for the sake of insincere ones?" Having lived through that Prague spring when everything seemed possi- ble, Kohout returned to a Prague where nothing seemed possible. His book, however, shows that there is a Czech genius for overcoming oppres- sion and teaches us lesson: Let each man be his own historian. survives Stalinism, survives the trea- son trials of the Fifties, survives sud- den reversals such as Khrushchev's - Twentieth Party Congress spccch dc- nouncing Stalin. When Stalin died in 1953, Kohout wrote: "We had admired and loved Stalin so much that we never thought of his death, never thought him mortal. Now we were sliockcd to the core. At times it seemed to us the end of everything." This belief in Russia as a savior and Stalin as a father figure was destroyed in one abrupt moment in August 1968, when Kohout heard an Italian news vendor shouting: "Cccoslovacchia a occupala." History has its onlookcrs'and its pro- tagonists, and Kohout is necessarily a protagonist, caught up in the Com- munist crises of the Fifties and Sixties. Political events have become inter- twined with his personal life. He tells us in the same breath about the two strands of his destiny, on the one hand his marriage and divorce and the death of his parents, on the other his difficul- ties with censorship and his stunned disbelief upon hearing the denuncia- tion of Stalin in 1956. The story of his three closest school friends is particularly telling: One dies on the Prague barricades in 1945; one becomes a CIA agent and is caught and sentenced to twelve years in prison; and the third becomes a state func- tionary whom Kohout meets, many years later, in the Czech embassy in Rome and who attempts to explain away the Soviet invasion. The real mo- tive, he says, was a show of strength to oblige the West to prolong the ex- istence of NATO. for if NATO crum- satellite state. Great events are intro-' duced obliquely, through common- place incidents. One morning Kohout's mother wakes him with the news: "They're speaking nothing but Czech STATINTL I Sanche de GrarAW0MVe&+10raR Iease 2001/03/04 CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090601-0 freelance journals who reported revo- lutionary' movements for ten years. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-0 RALTII;ORE NEWS M.-T, RICAN 7 DEC. 1971 1 } lIf A 0 mow . Chicago Sun-Times ! AMONG TIIOSE taking part !were the. late Allen Dulles, first WASHINGTON - Tile Ce;ttt'a.l1 director of the CIA, and Richard Intelligence Agency has secret!y~Lisscll former deputy director a large 'share of credit for plans (clan, . claimed estine opera- for the rise of the liberal and ill- tions). fated Dubcek regime I n During the discussion, one of Czechospeci fi a in 1353. toe participants, o b v i o u s l y The specific claim is that Ra- relying upon CIA information, dio Free Europe and Radio Declared: "A couple of much stations Liberty in two West CIA Germany stin criticizM public media protects (cited by name) had proven of vrere instrumental in prove!?:ing value, as the fall of Novotny in the ouster of Antonin Novotny, alCzech,slova!e suggested." pro-Soviet Stalinist, as head o6 Other rlible intelligence the Czech Communist party., `southe her confirmed that the Alexander Dubcek real,ced sored rrote cited ha were Novotny in January, 13 S and'' censored RL j The sources said " Rl- I- and ? (established a major program o r liberation that led to the Soviet invasion the following Au gust. the two stations successfully disparaged Novotny as an anti- quated St;ainist and played up EN JtI:;'CIi,,Y,NG th re inv 'the possibility ssibility of reform through asir;n ,I Moscow alleged that met;the s t' opian socialism. of the Dubcek regime were plotting with Western agents to ii-,set the Communist sytem in Czechoslovakia. But Senate sources, who have investigated the activities of RFE and RL, discounted any parallel to the hungarian uprris- ing in 1955, when RFE was ac- cused of encouraging the insurgents to expect the United States to intervene militarily against the Russians. A close chock of subsequenti transmissions, One Source said,. showed that the two stations have scrupulously avoided any statements implying that the United States might come to thel aid of liberal, anti-Soviet regimes in Eastern Europe. THE FATE of REE and RL is in the hands of a Boodle House conference committee debating; holy to shift their op rations from the CIA to above-board government control. Emergency, financing for the stations ends today but enough CIA funds ale thought to be on hand to keep them going until Congress final- ly males up its mind. ! The CIA's role in the events in Czechoslovakia came to light in .a confidential report by the Council on Foreign Relations that has been obtained by the Chicago Sun Times. . The report contains a digest of a discussion between severa' former high-reekin CIA offi AnOmVWlftr~ Reg i'se 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001 -0 Jan. 8, 193S, three days after. Dubcek replaced Novotny. Approved For Release 200- 4-G-"'1A-RDP80- 7 DEC 1971 TL STATINTL Ambassador Bush and Huang.operated hand in glove in denouncing India as the aggressor. Ambassador Huang, contributed anti-Soviet slander of a virulence that has not been heard in the United Nations since the heyday of Joe McCarthy: , ~r,1~~i The vile denunciation of the Soviet Union as "social I ?1 03 e r imperialist, while unoriginal, having its sources in Trot- With the recognition by India of Bangla Desh as a soy- skkyism, is exceedingly perilous to the peace of the world. ereign nation, tile liberation struggle in East Pakistan has The Maoists' and anti-Sovietism is paralleled by their taken a decisive turn. pro-imperialist denunciation of Bangla. Desh as a "so- In the December 1970 Pakistani elections, the Miami called" nation, "created" by the Soviet Union. League of East Pakistan won a majority of the seats in the Leaving no bases untouched. the Maoists, careening national Assembly, 167 of 313. These 167 seats were all but wildly to the Right. reiterated to the Security Council two of the 169 allotted to East Pakistan in the Assembly.. their support for the counterrevolutionary movement in .The militarist' Yahya Khan regime refused to accept Czechoslovakia in 19c8. That was White House-CIA policy, the electoral verdict, banned the scheduled March 1 meet- also. = , ing of the Assembly, and launched a military offensive in NlifON ON S PHONY NEUl AUTY which hundreds of thousands of East Pakistan civilians, President Nixon's announcement yesterday of a posi- men, women and children. were massacred,- and from tion of "absolute neutrality," superficially impartial, is which some ten million fled into India. deceitful in its essence. Yahya Khan's savage repression continues today. U.S. policy in the Security Council today is anything 0tK OF NIXON GOVI F;rd,V..e-NT but "neutral" It absolves the militarist Pakistan regime The U.S. resolution's statement to the Security Coun-:of guilt for the savage repression which began last March. cil that the conflict between Pakistan and India will "en- It accuses India of being the "major aggressor." danger the peace," that the U.S. seeks to "secure and The issue is a political settlement in East Pakistan. maintain the peace in the area," is sickening in its duplic- The right of the people of East Pakistan to-determine their ity and deceit. own destiny is the crux of such political settlement. They It was t h-- U.S. which encouraged Yahya Khan's mas- deserve the support' of the American people in their just sacre; it was the Nixon administration which continued to cause. send arms to the Yahya Khan regime. defying a ban on such shipments by the U.S.Congress, even as Yahya Khan was murdering East Pakistanis. - That is the situation. disguised as "cease fire." to which the U.S. resolution would return East Pakistan. That is what the charge of Soviet "interference in the internal affairs of Pakistan," by Chinese Ambassador Huang Hua, intends to cover up. Of the five permanent members of the Security Coun- cil only the U.S. and China voted for the U.S."resolution-. The Soviet Union voted against: Britain and France ab- stained. RO?i' CAUSES C CCIN L CT The.key issue confronting the Security Council is, as stated in the Soviet resolution presented by Ambassador Jakov Malik. a "political settlement in East Pakistan." Such a settlement would "inevitably result in the cessation of hostilities." as the Soviet Union holds. for the root caus- es of the present conflict are the "acts of violence of Paki- stani forces in East Pakistan." The main opponent. of the Soviet resolution was the White House. But it let the Chinese delegation carry the ball. Ambassador Huang cast the necessary veto, while Ambassador George Bush sat by. in abstention. Ambassador Huang's veto and his actions during the debate'were part of an almost unbelievable escalation in the anti-Soviet campaign of the Maoist leadership of China. Approved For Release 2001 /03/04 CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001-0 Approved For Re1easer2O 4i 4-o CIA-RDP80-%tW Q05000900611 TINTL 7 MAR 1971 n; q A V01121111411 the Prague T ial PRAGUE - A criminal- court trial of 19 Czechoslovak 'students charged with "Trot- skyite, Maoist and Zionist activities financed by the CIA" resumed, Czech sources said. The trial, Which began Mol,day, was postponed after a German woman de fendant complained that she had not received a copy of the charges in her` native language. Defense attorneys expect the trial to continue at least two weeks. The 15 men and four women on trial face possible sentences of tap to five years in prison if, con- victed. Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001-0 STATINTL Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80 SHREVEPORT, LA. TIMES M - 91,183 S - 115,298 tzec4hos1~vakia: Pu'rg'e Grinds On The removal of Alexander Dubcek from his ceremonial and powerless ambassadorial position got the headlines, but the hard fact is that the purge of Communist "moderates" i n Czechoslovakia continues to run deep and strong. As so often happens in a totalitarian society, those who did the brutal purging are now them- selves being purged. These are the "commissions" which rule on the "reliability" of Red party mem- bers. Hard-liners in that unhappy land declare now that the commis- sioners were not tough enough- that "notorious hotbeds of reform" still exist - and so the purgers are also getting the axe. Just how deep has the purge cut? Experts on East European affairs estimate that the Czech Communist party, which claimed close to 1.7 million members be- fore the Russian invasion, will soon be down to 500,000 members. It appears that the last creative and intellectual groups, who made Czechoslovakia the cultural capital of Eastern Europe two years ago, will be wiped out in this latest tightening-up. The regime has already de- clared unions of journalists and other media institutions defunct. Another purge of the Czech Acade- my of Sciences is beginning. And the historical institute is -under fire. And so the long night of Communist vengeance in Czecho- slovakia grows darker still. Dubcek on Trial? Alexander Dubcek, the man who wanted to put a "human face" on communism in Czechoslovakia,' has been made to suffer - suffer so much - for what his Red' cohorts consider the sin of "devia- tion." Caught in the drip-drip Red ! torture system that is far more painful than physical abuse, for- mer Party Chief Dubcek has been forced to dismantle the very re- forms he instituted in the "Prague Spring" of 1968. Later Dubcek was forced to ! watch as his successor publicly and,! officially thanked the Kremlin for sending in troops and tanks to occupy Czechoslovakia. Finally he was shuttled off to an ambassador- ship in Turkey. But the Russians and the Czech Red hard-liners evidently feel that Dubcek's punishment is not yet complete. For he has now been removed as ambassador and ex- pelled from the Czech Communist party - made an "unperson" in the Communist world. At last report, Dubcek was said to be under heavy police guard in Prague's Sanops Clinic, supposedly undergoing "treatment" for "se- vere nervous depression." But there is reason to believe even this isn't the end of the ordeal for Dubcek. There is talk 'of a Communist "show trial" for the fallen leader. If this-sort of thing develops, we can look for Dubcek and his key associates to be put on "trial" where they will "confess" to being / tools of the American CIA and / thank the "court `foT -82d'Ting their execution as traitors. No, the Reds probably are not through with Dubcek -- or Czecho- slovakia - yet. STATINTL Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001-0 Approved For Release 2001g0N7llA-RDP80-01 20 MAY 1970 STATINTL Henry Taylor / Orders from Prague?; ARE part of the campus dis- mented the IUS's control of Rudolf Dutschke, d on orders a Red plot? You be the ("Red Rudi") when Dutschke was arreste judge.. it i1, 1968, during riots in nearly all the' The CIA and FBI know that est German universities. the center for planning stu- t disorders is in Prague, I d en within, the shadow of the Ru IN France the IUS thrust is supervised by zyne airport. There the im- Daniel Cohn-Bandit ("before you can build you; mense International Union of . Students (IUS), financed and must destroy"), who is not even French. He's.. brain-trusted by MOSCOW, is German. The success, typified by the March 3 orting university an a r- Nanterre campus mayhem which saw Dean, u pp s chists here and thruout the free world. Paul Ricouer kidnaped and 125 policemen in-l into "country desks." Each section supervises :a country. Cunningly, each tailors the "issues" University faculty members are ..brutalized! ed almost daily. d kidna p for each country. Naturally, the IUS drums on an the,Vietnam issue here and "Peace! Peace! I had lunch in New York not long ago with'i Peace!" to further it Red victory in southeast Italian Foreign. Minister Aldo Moro. Italy, at- _ as ranee _ -____ _ , ? A Pole, Vied Konarski, a man with a bite ? like a saber-tooth tiger, supervises the British tormlaw. Mr. Moro, himself a professor, spun-i . thrust. The IUS vehicle there is the militant Bored it. "But what can we do?" he asked. "Ind Radical Student Alliance in London. Two sub- my country, as in France, your country and ;divisions are supervised by Jean Bougareau, a thruout the free world, the Reds' technique is1 Frenchman, and Martin Abein, who is Dutch. always to up their demands with every conces-I ? In Eire the IUS thrust, locally called The lion they gain." International Movement. is based at Trinity Japanese Premier Eisaku Sato spoke Simi- College, Dublin. The IUS supervisor is Hardial lariy on his visit here. He said that last year Sinh Gains, a naturalized Canadian born in student arrests in campus disorders exceeded India. 14,000 (ours exceeded 3,600) and that the IUS. to a ti d on uca thrust has reduced Japanese e shambles. The IUS vehicle there is the im- ' A GAINS sidekick is Ralph Schoenman. 34, mense Zengakuren student organization along 'the student shepherd of the Bertrand Russell with five other factions. Peace Foundation - the man who concocted ? The IUS also runs terrorist training centers ,for African students. The CIA has uncovered the mock trial of President Johnson In Stock- - them.in Budapest and Warsaw and In Leipzig, holm in protest against Vietnam. Iron-fisted Bernau and Bautzen, East Germany. These. Schoenman served a "martyr"'. 'stretch ins have trained and sent back ' otoheir;aAfricann, a h M o n t 1 o y rrison, D"oll"- Brill,,. ? in the past six months. onisl Schoen man and Scotland yard caught him. To There's no great mystery in what is happen-, ithe dismay of the, CIA and. FBIF Schoenman , ,. .. , . Jjl.ling?here. Our enemies are; promoting;aioivil.l tlpDen .$tstc5 ? it cans t al4pott . the Upited Ambr(c9 il i , ., tir,? was p n eA, fi _~.1n Wilt ?berat'ne the !erIIn po{la , doow ,` hSr." is .& totally dangerous philaopiy-.: w:, Approved For, Release 2001/03/04 :. G.IA-RDP80 01601 R000500090001-0. STATINTL Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP8 r A'4 Vl l L ? , VA. REGISTER In nations where the `press has no-The arficle. -iossed'off 1the invasion "of i ,freedom' except to print what the govern- Czechoslovakia and the "W a aiotts rental nient directs, it is enlightening to take :a g ry s4 s sions'-in East Berlin. and 7-iuti s nc f national temperature by,the,? degree of essary to repel "C organized rebelIiortf criticism in-a controlled publication. ? Nor did it talk, about the BRI ZHNEt ?as The. Soviet.Government alternately has been hot or cool ?vis-a-vis, the United tempt to form- a Kremlin-sponsored co States in, its super power foreign policy. lective security system in Asia, which fell This was reflected early this month by flat because small Asian nations' saw the Soviet magazine, Life Abroad, when through it as an attempt to gain allies.fq It built editorial fires in a harsh criti. encircle Communist China. cism of President Nrxox's foreign policy All foreign policy is self-serving. 0th }'',blueprint. and thereby led our.- own offi- erwise, why should great nations expand 4':?cials to take ` a closer look at Soviet for. effort,' money and often life in its PIKF;- feign policy in; -Asia- and in the. Middle suit? But at least President NIXON has , East, - where the action, is. put his cards on the ' table,'so to. speak The ~Life. Abroad" editorialist heavy He made as frank,.open and consideratq iandedly - described the ' NIXON policy statement of -American goals abroad, statement,-as "'astounding in itse bosi- goals which Ser `"Antis can Wrests and 1ty, replete with empty; phrases; boastful the int teat ~ of affirmations h# Artie ican policy-.; and,' ig e,ver, has-6ane'.i-off' ; let's of e r 'noran$ or .:deliberately distorted titter to call `if ignor nt. ail ~li,tortt~d. sl,stt~,'ls antes o n,' the policy of adversaries "- Spe hbtiu "mach Elie. truti hsrt.-: iif ~osryu cifically, the article lashed otit at s`dex, Distortion 'Wild mtsTttorezet~;stQ a; liberate -?disregardof thesolidarit;y'of??the- -Socialist countries, expressed In :repell ing American aggression 3u Vietnam, aid- ,,r, to the Arab countries-' victims "bf.the"' Zionist rulers of Israel, the .hirelings,:,of American imperialism." All of which sounds- like 'the compli-, ments exchanged'between.those. giants bf, -"Socialism and .'solidarity=the Soviet ~ti- Union and Red China., Strangely, no ? men- tion was made, of the'_border 'struggle, and the constant threats of .massive at- tack passing betweenldcW*, Iit-d'? ;.not the -way' to peace ' h' st z rt li3 :that in the Soviet ntegs-, fYto.indictes" th`ai the Kremlin does nut` wait 'case. `It' iii o n 'a'road to'expanslon;. in the ?efiddlet a: and in Asia. It hides its aims:bhehincl cri cism of our 'owir without, admittin; `ItA nefarious objectives;. '; So. long a3=it. dons mericans an4 , other free people should, ctitstaiitiy; f the : Irislir~taan, `; ~ot~i t _P1dit ~Pd~t .vbivti that eternal;:vi lea+ ~iit thtr' pica' '' i Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001-0 STATI NTL Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RD THE TDAOITO TEL2QR*M 24 )Nrek 1970 2nd RUSSIAN'S A C TI VI TIES j" UNDER. ATTACK BY MPs By PETCR WORTHINGTON ` He is accused by the Estonians of "spread- Telegram Staff Reportergendo'es'ths ap~ Two Soviet diplomats; thought to''?j ... pressure tactics and implied threats to cause dissension and fear among members of our 'f ,.be KGB officers, are suspected of community." F "dabbling in espionage in Canada. The council Is asking the Government to rj The Estonian Central Council in" . ?ePel him from Canada. The letter is signed by, Canada is askin External Affairs president ihnac Hehisoo, end five savior ;.1 g members. Minister Mitchell Sharp to expel in Ottawa, Kaluzhny has been establishing con- one of them. tacts among politicians and key civil servants. Federal Members of Parliament have com- He's had dealings with more than 20 MPs, and plained to the RCMP about-the "attentions of the often drops to unannounced on them. other, who is pushing bird to establish social ' Then is no suggestion of any impropriety on the contacts with MPs. part of any Canadian. Parliamentarians are aware f of the case of British Labor MP William Owen, who .1 The two diplomats are believed, to be was apparently sucked into espionage through the lo h di C - zec p lieutenant colonels in the KGB, the Soviet as? initially innocent social attentions of a pionage service. They are First Secretary, Vladl. mat who turned out to be an Intelligence officer. Mr. il A . pr n trial in goea o mar Kalushny and Mikhail Murnikov. Murnikov'' I V Wen ii j a the I (f m inl i bianbae ; ' ? i 1Gp 01-0 ,.,tii>:i.:e'~y,i-.J.~r+r.11~..r$ii.?-Y:' "116s last feeling Ids way so far," says Steve oontinue ..- ...._.-._..4.~ N........a uD tee p5 ' _ Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-8%crlR~20500090001-0 STATINIL HAZLETON, PENNA. STANDARD-SPEAKER E-22,319 MAR 10 1970 Super. Power Foreign Policy 1' Harsh Soviet criticism of Presider t.Ntx-a necessary to repel "CI~rganized rebel- on' oseig policy _bluepxin# prompted a lion." Nor did it talk a ou the Brezhnev close look at Soviet foreign policy, especial- attempt to form a Kremlin-sponsored col-, ly in Asia and the Middle East, "where the lective security system in Asia, which fell flat because small Asian nations saw , current action is." through it as an attempt to gain allies to a A Soviet magazine, "Life Abroad", de- encircle Communist China. scribed the Nixon policy statement as "as= All foreign policy is self-ser.ving. Other- tounding in its verbosity, replete with, wise, why should great nations expend ef- empty phrases, boastful affirmations of fort, money and often life in its pursuit? Amer' ]' d ' sc an po acy an ignorant or deliberate- But at least President Nixon put his cards ly distorted utterances on the policy of ad- on the table, so to'speak. He made as frank, versaries " S ecifi ll th ti l l . p ca y, e ar c e ashed out at "deliberate disregard of the solidar- ity of the Socialist countries, expressed in repelling American aggression in Vietnam, aid to the Arab countries - victims of the Zionist rulers of Israel, the hirelings of American imperialism." The "solidarity of Socialist countries" ,did not mention the border struggle of the two Communist giants - the Soviet Union and mainland China. It tossed off the in- . s a ms e m vasion of Czechoslovakia and previous re-' cism of our own without admitting its'ne. vpulsions of East Berlin and Hungary as fariou b d s o je tives. open and considerate statement of Ameri- can goals abroad - goals that serve Ameri- can interests and the interests of peace- ,as any nation has ever done. For a Soviet spokesman to call it ignorant and distorted shows how much the truth hurt. Distortion .and misrepresentation are not the way to peace., This retort indicates ' clearly the Soviet does not want peace. It is on a road to expansion, in the idd and n Asia -It hides it i b t Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP80-01601 R000500090001-0