SOVIET FAILURES IN SPACE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000300340116-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 8, 2001
• Sequence Number: 116
• Publication Date: March 29, 1971
• Content Type: OPEN

?
STATI NTL
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or cup lies to or from a point of firs
delivery or to the farm of the truck Ownei
or operator should, have an. exemption
comparable to, the commercial zone ex-
emption applicable to urban drivers. This
?? would permit a farm truck to operate
free of the restrtetions within a given
distance of his farm.
I urge my colleagues in the House to
examine this proposal which will cause
unwarranted economic problems for the
? Nation's and than to join me in
petitioning Secretary Volpe to drastically
alter -this complei,eiy unnecessary plan.
. A copy of my letter to Secretary Volpe is
a part of these remerks:
(2) That loo..1 hauling of farm product
? or supplies to or from a point of first; cicilverj
or to the farm of the truok, owner Cr op?.:rato
should hove an excmption comparablc to the
commereial zone exernp.tion appNeab1e. to
urban drivers. '
I further suggest that whatever regulations
you approve should not take effect until at
least six months after throf have been pub-
licly ft.111101.111C.A. This poriod of time should
be usset by DOT to mount au extend--c in-
formation carapalga to help farmers throu,:d1
the ag,r1culturat extension service, land grant
colleges, their farm organim.tions, and local
farm cooperatives become acquainted with
th, regulations and to bosoms qualified to
.? continue operating their trucks when the
regulations toke effect.
Farmers and their' families have proven
their ability to handle. true% with a consid-
erably bettrr ssfely rrocrd than the geosoo.1
trucking indipit,y. These people, unlike the
large commercial trucklug fnims, do not
travel the highways in adverse wet thor, for
the most part. In addition, they:nearly always
have a personal interest in the produce being
hauled or the truck they are driving, and
often sharc in the investment of both truck
and load.
urge you to announce as early as possible
revisions in Lko, rogulai.ions- for farm 'truck
drivers. Pm connclent the revised regulations
will be rivers acceptable and equally as ell'ec-
tive for highway safety than those currently
before us.
Sincerely yours,
PAUL P.C.CDr,Y,
ISepre3ent,stive in COilV7';'8:3.
s onable profit to those involved in any
SWF-Zs event of general interest in A11101--
r left. today. The best demonstration of this
I think, that the $2.5 million paid to
both Mr. All and Mr. Frazier for this
recent fight over closed-cirouit TV is the
same amount paid by NEC, for the home
TV rights to the 1971 Super llowl--whieh
provided a handsome profit to the 40
players on each team, the tii?eo team
owners, and the NFL itself.
At present, closed-circuit TV is re.gu-
- kited, along with the telephone and tole-
. graph industry, by the Common Carrier
liureau within the FCC. In addition to
, the iban of sports on closed-circuit TV,
? my bill would transfer jurisdiction over
elosedi-circult TV from the Common Car-
rier Eureau to the Broadcast Bureau,
which has jurisdiction over pay TV, tele-
vision, and 1.1cIto. Since closed-circuit TV
is, in essence, Pay TV outside the home
I believe this is a more rational approach.
Since my announcement 2 vTeelos ago
that I would introduce this bill, the pub-
lic reaction which I have received to It
has been vocal, widespread in its origins,
and nearly unanimous in support of the
bill, This Is hardly surprising, ho-wever,
since, as you know, there has been a-pub-
lic outcry agairist the incredible profits
the promoters of the fight made, the
elitist nature of the fight, and the fact
that time promoters even attempted to
charge the armed services $300,000 for
a live broadcast of the fight to our men
in Vietnam.
believe there is clear evidence that
If we do not aet now to severely restrict
sports presentations on oloeed-circuit TV .
that soon other sports will be drawn by ?
the ?lure of the fantasict profits from ?
closed-circuit TV. In fact, E. William.
Henry, chairman of Management Televi-
-
sion. Systems which set up the closed- -
circuit network for the Ali-Frazier fight,
has predicted that the superbowl would
be on closed-circuit TV within -5 years.
Mr. Henry, who is also a former Chair-
man of the FCC, has estimated that the
superbowl would gross receipts of $43 -
million on elosed-circuit TV.
Mr. Speaker, I believ?e it is clear that
If we want sports events to rernalai open
to the general public we must act noW
to make sure that sports remain on liorne
TV. I believe this bill would accomplish
that, and I urge the House to enact tilts
legislation in this session. .
IViinacH 24, 1971.
Eon, Joan A. V0L2E, .
Secretary i/TI ynsFsrfatio,...,
? Deparimmt of Tre,n:;;;J:,;.tatios!,
' Weshing:.oss,
' ? ? Dent M77.. SE:;..7::::-.TA?.?. : ROZ111a1011S under
? your Jurisdiction whIch are currently affect-
ing the drivers of soma farm trucks: in inter-
state commerce and others which are sched-
uled- to be Implemented beginnin;.; July 1,
1071, pose serious and unwarranted economic
probIsms to many tastesS in soy Congres-
-slonal district to Westoric Illinois. Ian certain
;the farmers of mo.na? other Congressional
districts throughout the nation have similar
? concerns.-
Trie existence of these regulations, which
? ?go back to 1030, was /I ttle known, understood,
or ofmuch concern to far.ners: until the DOT
isseci its notice in 197,1 that clrives of farm
? ?trUcks who had historically been exempt from
most of the regulations would soon come un-
der considorelly. more restriotive require-
ments than they knew- about..
In addition to Irradeqoate'advance. notice
of the rrgulations, no falueational- program
. was underter-cen to Itufor,u farmer; what the
? ?
regulations were, where' they could got a copy,
or what was required of then to fully qualify
under . these regi.:lat'ions. It is appreciated
that the applicrttion of the regulations to the
dr: Ver3 of trucks of uncleo 10,000 -pounds gross
Weight was cleforrect until July 1, 1971.
Unless the regulations are changed, begin-
, . riling July 1, 1971 all drivers _of favth trucks
involved in interstat-e commerce will have
to be 21 years old, have passed a physical ex-
amination, a written. examinatlon, a road
test, aria if an employee of a farn-ler must
have filed en extensive record, relating to kris
driving history, which the employer =St,
verify. T sincerely urge you to effect exten-
sive ehanges In these propose-al changes.
Regulations which are tiesigned to fit large
trucking operations' do not fit farm trucks
and their owners and operators. Some 2.8 roil-
, lion farm Units operate an average of in
trucks each as part of their inciividual farm
production and marketing operation.
A large number of these trucks are used
primarily for on-farm operations off the pub-
lic roads and highways. A similar largs pro-
' portion of farm truck operation is for short
trips, or for local hauling on an Intermittent
, basis much of the time with very lir.;iht loads
or no load at I personally know many
farmers who use their trucks on their farms
Much more than on public roads An e"-
amInatiou of motor fuel tax refund, rocorcis
Wilt support this fact:
The safety record of, farm truck drivers,
?. Including very young drivers, is dramatically
better, according to insurance company and
law enforcement records, than that of non-
farin truck drivers. ,
I suggest that your regulations be amended
prior to July 1, 1971, to: (1) Provide a per-
, Islam:at exemptiotofrOm these regulations_for
dr - of pickup, panel, -and OM:a:a small
-, trucks ? under 10,000 pounds gross weight
. whorl used_ for transl'?-:ortation of farm sup-
? plies and produce. -
The SPEAKER. Undey a preiviati order
of the House, the gentleman from Texas
(Mr. GoNsatoi) is rccogniood for 10 lain-
utas.
?
[Mr. GONZALEZ addressed the
House. His remarks appear hereafter
in the Extensions of Remarks.)
. .
The SPEAI-l:E.R. Under' a previous order
of the House, the gentle:woman from
Connecticut (Mrs. GaAsso) 15 recogniziied
for 10 minutes,
[Mrs. GOZASSO addressed the House-.
Her remarks will appear hereafter in the
Extensions of Iternarks.3
BAN SPORTS FROM. CLOSED-
CIRCUIT TV ? ?
The SPEAKER. Under a previous or.;
der of the Iliothie., the. g,entleroan from
Wisconsin (lielr. Amu) is recOgriii*.:d for
10 minutes.
Mr. ASPIN, Mr. Spealter; last 'Wednes
day I introdueed a bill which would bai
virtually all sports events from closed-
circuit television, thus fm-ring -promoters
to use home TV and radio for the broad.-
cast of'sports events. ?
This bill would place an outrialit .ban
on the produetton of sports events over
closed-circuit TV Whenever a radio or
televi$ion network or station wanted to
broadcast the event. In other, words, all'
sports events of general interest would'
have to be shown on home TV, or not be
shown at ,mill. Included ii the dc-sen--
-
circuit TV ban would be boxing matches,
auto races, super bowls, the Olympics; ad
This bill makes one basic but, I believe,
easily deferrible assumption: that free
home TV is capable of providing a reas-
SOVIET FAILURES IN SPAdE -
. The SPEAKER, tinder, a previous ?
order of the House; the gentleman from
Louisiana Is recognized for
10 minutes.
Mr. RARICK, Mr. Speaker, Mr,
Jim Epstein, a research associate at the
Hoover Institution of War, Revolution,
arifl Peace at Stanford University has
prepared, a well-documented research
paper outlining. Soviet, failures in space.
His paper may induce the adminis-
tration to take certain steps to ease the
unwarranted and foolish policy of. abso-
lite secrecy about the Soviet space
, ?
I commend Mr. Epstein's papei. to. my
colleagues.
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CHICAGO, ILL.
SUN --TIMES
561 , OS6
697,966
Since v.e'vc?. prcerasti:ratcd this,long on our
."t
poor, boic-.ignored SST, why don't lhoso won.
dorit.1 .i.J11:3 Li Washins,ton wait jusi a few.
rn'ere rnrJiusvin.1 see v,itat 1ie Tupolev 11-1?
the. Itusion version due to so cyn?ntivo this
Octob2r-1c?-; co RussLi? Surely our elilha:4y,
pL ople (inayhe cn',hi., CIA?) can find out
the olio:Is o ft ird oe there.
jack.a. Kessie
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4 ? (1 4 r.; el t r?-?
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1.1,y 3 CY.:11`?1 \v. "p?INNEY process of deploying a new gcn? ator Jackson, Sen4tor Syrning-
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.
sp-.4:::?1 t-rtivr: N,:,',' Yor,,:Tirr . con of offensive systips.,, --??,- ? --. V..,...s.,,,1 ,i, 4 %L., k.?
cration, .and advanced genera- tOn said li,13 speech v,,as "not
,
? WASHINGTON, March 10. - intended as criticism of Senator S TAT I NTL--- ? ------ ------
in a. brief Sunate speech, S'2.11-
Sellath: St tart S?Ynli"gt" ''-'-g-lator Symington did not direct- ?Inclzs"" "cr the inIciligNice
testokl ? today that. Scii:?tor iy accuso senator Jackson, a information because the Ad-
hefty M. Jecksen ? had .t.Fect colleague On both the Senate. ministration "gave it to him to
, .c assn?ii mielmaiion in scaling Armed Services Committee and
:;on a nationwide talcvi.iion pro ? the Joint Congressional Corn-
gram that the. Soviet Union was mittco oii Atomic I:energy, Of
? ..deploying an advanced inter- having violated security.
continental ballistic missile.
i ? ?, Rut he contended that the in
The -
e suggestion was immedi- formation On bow Soviet missile:
? latelY denied hy Senator Jaclien d?evelopments had been present-
.
put Out."
In complaining that "inac-
curate intelligence, reports" had
been vscd in the past to justify
unneeded weapons, Senator Sy-
mington, clearly alluding to the
statements, made by Sonator
who told reporters that ed on a highly classified basis Jackson on the cohimbla liroad-
''nothing said violated any to the Armed Services Commit- casting Syist.im program
rules of security." lit a tole- ice on March 4 by thii Director the Nation,"' said:
vision appearance last Sunday, of Central Intelligence, Richar' "Last week, in a session SC-
the Washington Democrat said Helms. ? cret to the point where no roe-
the Russians are .now in. the Later, after talking-with Sea- oat wits.kelit, the Senate Armed.
?
Services ComMit?tee was briefed _
about Soviet missile plans. This -
briefing included for the first
time purported details of new ?
Soviet missilery which was not
-known about when the Joint '
Atomic Energy. Committee was
briefed the previous vrecas on ?
the -same subject by the same
people." . .
Mr. Helms ,cppeared before
the Atomic Fiiie(gy Committee
on Feb. 21 and the Senate
Armed Services Coinrciittee on
March 4 hi its 'annual" Wiel-
ing of the committees on So-
viet military posture.
Senator..Jackson said he lied
not attended the March 4 brig- ?
ing but declined to say where
he had obtained Ins informa-,
lion about the Soviet niissilei
? developments except to say, "I
: try to keep currently informed
? on what is going on." He said
he had decided to make pub-
lic use of the information on
the basis of his own judgment,
based on years of experience,
that it was not classified:
The Symington speech was
the latest round in a :contro-
versy that has developed be-
tween the Administration and
the. Senate Foreign Relations
'Committee--of which the Sen-
? ator is a member?over the use
of classified information. .
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Construction of several new
Soviet missile silos but no sign
.of any new missiles:. is what
Sen. Henry M: Jackson (D-
Wash) was referring .to on
Sunday when he spoke of Mbs-
cow 'deploying" an "advanced
generation" of such nuclear
weapons.
. This was learned yesterday
as President Nixon held an
hour-and:a-half' National Secu-
rity Council meeting on prepa-
rations for the fourth round of
the strategic arms limitation
talks which opens in Vienna
next Monday. Final presiden-
tial decisions are expected
later this week. ?
Jackson's information \vas'
said to have come from a con-,
gressional briefing by CIA
Director Richard Helms.. But
the ? senator's ? statement was
said to have been more spe-
cific than the available infor-
mation, accounting for the
cautious wording of Pentagon
apokesman Jerry W. Fried-
helm in confirming evidence
of "some new ICBM construc-
tion."
. Most importantly, recon-
naissance ? photos of the new
silo -construction work were
-avail-able here before Mr. Nix-
struction.,- it is being assumed-.
that Moscow did not Want to
. .?
make, much, of. the SS-9 halt
knowing that the United.
States would .discover the new
silo work. ,
Pentagon soUrces Say thee
new missile construction is ,
,
different from the normali
SS-9 pattern but indicate that
the size of the newly observed:
silos is close to the SS-9 or
perhaps .alightly larger. Some
officials believe .that the So:::
victs maybe moving to a mul-
tiple independently targeted
re-entry v e hi e 1 e (MIRV),'
rather than a bud:shot-style.,
warhead (MRV), for. the SS-9
and that this , may have
changed the shape of the misc
Jackson interpreted the new.
work as meaning that "an ad-e
winced generation" of 1CB:?,Is-
is being deployed. Others' said,
yesterday that there have'.
been no new missile test fir?
ings in the Soviet Union and:-
hence. it is unknown just what"
purpose the new ? silos will
serve. A new generation of
missiles, however, is a possibil,-:
ity. ?
The same situation applies
to reports that the Soviets are
at work on a six-missile MIItV
warhead for the SS-9s. Tests
..on's Feb. 25 State of the so far have .not gone beyond
World report and were taken three-missile . Warheads but
into account in writing .the
section on arms control. It was
theoretically six or several:
more are possible. The much.
hi that report, also, that the smaller American . Poseidon.,
President noted, "while it ap- submarine missile for exam-
pears that the Soviets have
slowed the. increase of their
missile systems, the evidence
Is far from unambiguous."
Moscow last winter halted
construction work on 10 silos
.for their giant SS-9 missiles
and as of yesterday there was
. no evidende this work had
.Leen resumed. That halt was
announced by the Pentagon
last Dee. 16, As a result the
Soviet SS-0 total stands at 209,
though Jackson spoke Sunday
of around 305 SS-9s.
American efforts to draw
pie, will have a 10-missile
MIRV warhead.
The president said on March
4 that an agreement with the
Soviets must include "some
mix" of offensive and defen-
sive missiles. That leaves some
room for maneuvering at Vi-
enna but unless there is a
change of Kremlin imstruc:
tions the makings of an-agree-
ment is not evident.
At the ? State Department,
spokesman R6bert J. Mc-
Closkey termed" the, -ne?; So-
viet silo construction an -"Ins-
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? ng of that faStnave Dccii been taken into ac-count in j . .
vatting. Since the retent Cis- reevaluation of the U.S.
Covery of the new silo con- tion at SALT. .
? .1
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By George C. Wilson
Via.shtne ton Post :;to ft 1;111.1ter
Flight paths of -1,,Wo recently lites were used, two of thein
launched Soviet satellites inch- hunters. It appears that only
cat& a new test Of a system to two were Used in this -latest
knock out unfriendly space ve-
hicles.
- The two .RuStian satellites,
designated Cosmos 391 'and
397,? also may have been sent
up from a different- spaceport
than the two previous shots,
?orie. in 1903 and the other 'in
-1970. ?
Space specialists theorized
yesterday that the .Soviet
,Union used the military, corn-
Iplex at Plesetsk rather than
the more civilian spaceport of
lure of the 1998 and 1970 tessts.1-
!Tyuratum.
" If -further analysis substan-
tiates that theory, the change
of spaceports probably means wrote Charles
S. Sheldon II
that the Soviet Union consid- in the Library of Congress re:
-ens its satellite inspection sys- port of Jan. 12, "and 'then
tem in -the operational rather moving away a bit were in-
turn exploded .into .many
pieces of debois.
"In the absence .df Soviet
announcements," Sheldon con-
tinued, "an assessment cannot
be conclusive. But the. suspic-
the Equator. ? ion remains that a capability
Cosmos 391?launched Feb. to inspect and destroy satel.
19?crossed .at an inclination of lift's had been created."
65.0 degrees and Cosmos 397
,?launched. Feb. 25--crossed
at 65.8 devrees. This compares
? with an inclination of about
62 degrees for previous satel-
lite inspection lasts from
TyCiratam. ,
The Soviet Union in all
three series of shots used
"target" and "hunter" satel-
lites. The radar track showed
the hunters passing close
enough to the target satellites
Ito blow them up?apparently
testing the ability to knock
out another nation's observa-
tion or navigation satellites.
? In this new shot, Cosmos.
394 flew a nearly circular. or-
bit about 370 miles above the
earth. The hunter ? ?Cosmos _
397-?flew an elliptical
course, zooming up as high ag
?1,390 Miles and down as low
as 368 miles.
In the two earlier experi-
ments?the first beginning on
9. 1.9n3. 141.41;.
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test.
Arnerican radars 'in- those_
two earlier markmanship ex-
ercises detected . debris 'from"
explosions in the :hunters,.
with space specialists. unsure
whether the target satellite-
sh6t the hunters or vice-versa.?
Although the Central Intelli? V
gencc Agency and Defense De-
partment study such Soviet,
shots -intensively, very little?
information is released to th.cl
public.. But a recent Library
of Congress report commentea
on the satellite inspection no-
'Two suc:essive* flights
made a reasonably' close In-
tercept of a predecessor,"
than experimental category.
Part of the basis for sus-
pecting a different launching
site is the change in the in-
clination of the Soviet space-
craft; this time as they crossed
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, . .. .. .
. Alt.h.ouh the seriousness ' of this ington's responses in unrelaLed fields,
. ' . challenge is difficult to assess, as are Many Soviet analysts challenge this
The critical period of decision-mak- the precise issues and . players in the .. "linkage". concept and urge an issm-
ng underway in the Kremlin in prep- Politburo debate, 'analysts . agree that by-issue approach to the Russians to
-:aration frn the .postporicd Communist there is a sharp conflict of tendencies, make progress whore possible.
:.
party. Congress March 30, the' first if not of individuals, within the Soviet - . The Russians' have never been sure
since 1936, has set off. a parallel de- leadership. ? -whether they were dealing with the
--bate in Washington. A reluctant White .. The official Press mfic?cts v, frond. "old Nixon" or a "new Nixon" and the ? .
- ?flouse is', b:,,ing urged by State Depart-. :towaIA a 'tightening, up in ideology. .White lieu so has felt it'advantar,ous" ?
).11ent, C.I.A. and outside Soviet an-. and discipline, a trend evidently fa.- in the past to keep them f.;using.
? aly-sis?---including soma ?in tho Soviet vored by the party machine, 'and mill That strategy could boomerang now.,
- EmbasSy---to send a new signal to the tary leaders. ' But among scientist; . *s?-?aat Ambassador Charles 'Yost one.c. ?
Moscow summit to influence, decisions younger. plant directors and the man- termed "the law of dispropcntionate
. there on Russia's national priorities in crial 6lite 'who travel abroad there responses to. miscalculated ehallenes"
STATI NTL
e ?
? 'fihe 1970s, ? ..? is a desire to modernize and ration- could again govern the Kremlin's de-
- Crucial choices between guns and . anze the lumbering Soviet system- and cisions: ? ,
:butter in the long-delayed , 1971-75 even to open it more to 'the world... . of. a the po?Rive steps.vosIdn, Lon.
4ive-Year'. Plan, on' the strategic arms pressure for higher living standards, ? ini,,._,.ht take, soviet analysts collsi.der
- ' limitation ialks (SALT) and on other . at the expense of heavy industry and ? two of over-riding importance. One is
' . - fr ' 'I' 1 b r . ? s "'nclill'r has increased since to normalize ? trade with the 'Soviet
'issues undpuote.ctly wi ,, k. ,
? WSW- WS .est,imatc of the Nixon Ad-. the Polish food price riots. - ?
- ministration's intentions, .. In these circumstances, President
-
1?': "We are not sure that Washington - Nixon is being urged to employ a
. , ^1 his r-edceessors used but he
but we are not 'sure that, it is, "Premier has neglect:ed.?direct correspondence talhs to race' corecr th.0 the
Is not serious about the SALT talks, .
. Kosyg,in told Senator ? Musido last with Premier Kosygin?in an effort to ? ?`
United States is trying to freeze Rus-
month.. ' break the impasse in the SALT talks
Union beyond recent case-by-case IL-
laxations Jr strategic trade controls.
Secondly, a need is semi. for a new,
raor" reasonable proposal in the SALT
?sia. into a position of. nuclear in-
can :
........
. . If the Sovici:. Union misreads Amen- and clear away other misunderstand- ,
can policy toward 1
;, Soviet-Ger- ieL;S. . ? . .
. . feriority. , ? .
. man detente, stability in the Mideast Another suggestion is to set up.'a
President Nixon has always believed
? and peace in Southeast Asia, hard line high-level strategy group to screen out that he could pressure Moscow toward
agreement by withholding trade until
elements in the Politburo could be Administration moves?such as the ill-
?? strengthened. . 'timed announcement or a defense later' and by stepping up Am?11-c''"
Thercare signs that a power strug- budget increase----that could have or, ?missile deployments. But now he is
being told that these tactics play into
gle within the Soviet leadership over adverse impact -on the Poliburo's in-;
the ultimate successio to party seere- ternal argument. ? . - the hands of the Kremlin's -hardliners-.
Mr. Nixon reportedly tried to signal His decision in the. coming weeks may
n
less. Mr. Brezhnev, nov.r 64, reportedly . a real desire for accommodation in.his determine whether deterioration con
, has
in the Soviet-American relation-
tary Leonid Prennev may be in prog-
- ,Suffered two. heart attaehs and speech to the .C.J .N. General Assembly
. sonre, political UPS' and downs. PreSi. last fall. hut there evidently. was too ship or whether a beginning is made
dent Podgorny will be 68 this. month; much static in :the line: Other 'White toward the fundamental accennmoda-
tion? that Mr. Nixon himself undoubt-
? Premier,. Kosygin Will be 67 and has Nouse comments have interpreted dif- '
'. been 'in poor health, The avera.ge age ficulties with .Moscow on ' some. mat- edlY weiltsi ?
' Of the 11-member Politburo is now 62 ters, such as the Middle E:Ast and '
.7 bly are eyeing some, of--Atiese posts. polfey, requiring a stiffening of Wash- editoriat board of The Times.
and ambitious younger men presuma- Cuba, as a general hardening of Soviet Robert rleinian is a member of the.
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Febi'uary 1, .1971 coNafasslo-NAL nmcoRD Extens;o ;is of ...1117114T e.s
lug, also of the Saginaw League, does alter-
nate shows. I'vlarinnand I risk' the dumb ques-
tions that everyone else would ask, you know,
and then we have a hoot, Mr. Henderson,
who is the arts editor of the Saginaw Nswo.
? ' He's the solid person on the show; he gets
? into the meat, the drag-it-dowa-into-the-
' depths sort 9f thing."
- "The other program is called "Introspect."
I'm the hostess and producer for that one
too. We present a pertson who. has. a hobby
. that Is really different and exciting, but
- completely remote from his education or
'
-vocation. We had a dentist who's a
and a guy who runs a trucking company ark
collecte fire engines, real ones, and also builcir
little teeny -models."
_
goes over .best. We'll send it out into the
school system neXt. fall. We're writing the
scripts ourselves, using everythinn from recta--
lag concepts, math concepts, don'tal hygiene,
family problems, social situations, or just
fun. Just everything. We're working In con-
junction with Saginaw Valley College and
the Board of Education on this program. It
may go throughout the country if It works.
"So it's really just kind of . .
guess you could. ray .. the Saginaw League
is really moving."
? In addition to coping with three television
programs---quite a load for a professional,
lot alone a 1101.1S0Wife,?Barbara has throe
. .ehildren: a boy, 7, and two daughters, $ and
a. It's a corny question, but how does she
manage? ?.
, "My house Is dirty sometimes. Bat' think
the snore you have to do, the more organtexid
you get. If -r get up in the morning and I
don't have anything to do that day, it takes
me all. day to get the house picker' up and
, 'the dishes out of th.c dishwasher, But I klaVe
a Meeting at 9:30 can., everything is done
-by 9:00. Besides, I only tape 'Marquee' once
a?month, two shows at a time. "r-Nr is at
10:00, so the kids are In bed by that time.
And.): started taping 'Introspect' last sum.
'rder, ;xi there wasn't that much to do this
winter. I do most of the work coordinating
`TNT' on the phone at home. I'm not really
.oUt much."
NEXT 11Xill: veOexctr PRITE
."Next year I'll just be doing a little bit of
- television, But I'll be working mostly in
-? inner-city schools. I'm involved in a -project
doWn there that's really going to pan out to
be something neat. It's Project Brl to
(Bridging P,esources to Improve Teaching for
Hvcryone). We've starting with a very deep
Inner-city school. The Board of Bauer:Um\
. began this ,and I've been Working as a volun-
teer. We've done things like the Career
Orientation program. I've gone out and got-
- ? ten. tapes of black community leaders who
have made It?ministers, drug store owners,
'beauticians; and so on, who give about two
minutes of peptalks on tape. We play Maybe
two a' week on the speaker system in the
? * school, and the Idols feel like the pe.ople. are
. ? In there. ??ithe tapes just say, 'each day in
.? school. is Important.' It's a black voice and a
? Vac's'. -person whom they 'know, at least IV
scanso The point Is to motivate the kids to
bigger things.
"Then every other week we have a success-
. tut black come into the school to talk to the
- ? fourth and fifth- graders. Like one week we
bad a program on ministers. First the kids
? studied a little bit about what Sc minister
does, and then we had asminister come into
the classroom and he talked to the kids. Each
.mlnister had throe half-hour sessions with
. them. It was great because it was double
. reinforcement, both for the minister and the
kids. I sat in on one session featuring a'gticl
? who works fornihe Wicks Corporation. She's
black, an accountant. She explained what she
and what sort of education she needed.
dust sort of fit general career talk, and then
? the kids asked questions;
? INDISETIOUS PUP:Di:TS
"And then . . . -the neatest thing now is
that we're starting a puppet program. Weise
actually making black puppets. We've hired
?? an artist who makes black heads. First, the
heads were molded out of clay and then we
. made plaster of park,. molds. Were in the
? . experimental stage Pow to 'See if we should
use latex, ceramic, plastic wood- or papier
macho. We'll test the puppets this summer,
using black voices .cin taps, to see which .pup.
pots are most successful, and which method
'HERE WE GO AGAIN ON EAST-WEST
TRADE
LION. Jonri F. ASHBRCOK
OF oruo
? s_
IN THE HOTJSE OP IILPRESENTATWES,'
Monday, February 1, 1971
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, several
years ago over 120 Members of the House
cosponsored legislation to establish a se-
lect committee to review this Nation's
policies regarding trade with Communist;
countries. Unfortunately, as in the case
of many other proposals, the legislation
was not enacted, This proposal was based
on the experiences of the house Select
Committee on Export Control in 1961.
and 1962 which reviewed and appraised
grandiose recommendations for. in-:
creased trade with Communist countries
involving chemical processing equip-
ment, machine tools and electronic
equipment. As a result of the extensive
work of the select committee, not only
military but economic restrictions w.gre
made a basis for future policies.
In late December and January two ex-
cellent articles appeared in Barron's, the
business and financial publication, Nk,thich
update developments in this all impor-
tant field. Written by Shirley Scheibla,
Barron's alert and inquisitive investiga-
tive reporter, this material provides am-
ple arguments for the establishment of
another house select committee to re-
view Our present policies in this area. For
a sobering look at what the State and
Commerce Departments have in store for
us in the East-West trade field, 'Include
at this point the two articles appearing
in Barron's. Issues of December 28, 1070
and January 4, 1071:
[From Barron's, Dec. 23, 1970]
Buss' BRIDGE-BUILDRIIS?COMATMICE OIPFICIALS
PCISIL PLANS IDP. EXPANDING EAST-WEST
TRASS
.(By Shirley Scheibla)
WiesserNoroer:--For the past few months,.
the Commerce Department's Director of In-
ternational Commerce has been quietly urgs-
log U.S. Industrialists to make business deals
with Romania, Bulgaria and other Commu-
nist, countries.
The proposals include factories for the
manufacture of electronic components and
ball bearings; as well as several chemical
plants. Those ventures and others art; on so-
called Communist shopping lists which Di-
rector Harold Scott obtained during a trip
ho and three other Commerce officiats made
last summer to Eastern Enrope to look into
the prospect of expanding East-Wc.st trade.
Ever since, Mr. Scott has, been traveling
throughout the 'United Sttes, making tiro
same speech in whion'he reports on his Ints
sion and seeks to whip up business senti,
ment for increased trade with Communist
Europe.
E 2,23
? LOW-nay afroc.ssaas STATINTL
?
?
Sofas the speech is the only visible egsi of
air Antensivo low-key program designed to
achieve what once was known -S.3 bridge-
bitIninz,,. between East and West. Both the
Conamerce and State Departments already
have taken policy positions in favor of new
legislation to extend Export-Import Bank
finanoing and most favored nation (MEN)
? iseatment to EaStern Europeans. (MEN treat-
ment offers tariff advantages, While Balm
financing, terms of which are.below-morket,
amounts to a subsidy.) Except for Yugoslavia,
white's enjoys both advantages, and Poland,
whish gets MEN treatinent? both now are out'.
hewed for Communist . countries.
Commerce wants legislative authority to
empower the President, at Ids discretion, to
grant Exim financing and MEN treatment for
any European. country In the 'Communist
bias. State, going even farther, seeks legisla-
tionauthorizIng both advantages for all Com-
munist nations with which the U.S. has clip-
loncatic or trading relations (and State, by
theway, favors trading with Red China.)
Commerce argues that the establishment of
"normal" trade with Eastern Europe will be
itnTossible without the legislation it advo-
calm The measures, it contends, would en-
emy:age U.S. exporters to promote sales in
Eas,tern Europe and enable ,the European
Oixannunists to expand their purchases from
the U.S. On this score, Mr. Scott also ob-
tained a list of everything the European Com-
munists are willing to export to the U.S.
Chaistopher Stoweil, one of his assistants,
told. Barron's the list includes 100 products,.
svelte as ham, fish, tomato sauce, cheese, whie,
fresh fruit, furniture and glass. Quite a quid
rogue for ball bearings and transistors.
PALANCTI os PAYMTXTES
Contrary to long-standing contentions of
the bridge-builders, trade with Communist
Euerope, either with or without new legisla-
tion? is unlikely to have much effect on the
IBII; balance of payments?it is not expected
to Constitute more than 1% of total 'U.S. ex-
pmts. According to official projections, U.S.
cxxiits to Eastern European countries are put
at between 8500 million and $700 million by
1915; compared with total U.S. exports of be-
iseten $55 billion and $60 billion for that
lees. ?? -
State, in advocating broader Communist
trade legislation than Commerce, reasons
that, If the Administration is going to snake
Chin effort on Capitol Hill, it might as well
seek broad authority. Moreover, the Depart-
ment argues that such authority would help
Jonsident Nixon carry out his policy .of
? gglating with the Communists.
Contrariwise, the Defense Depart merit ha-s.
consistently maintained that State and Com-
merce bane failed to provide adequate jus-
tification for seeking such changes. Defense
I% not convinced that the U.S. should re-
ruse its_policy of not lending or guarantee
--
Its loans to countries with records of (lo-
tions on debts, confiscation or property
vat-Shout Adequate compensation and sup-
gyring countries engaged in hostilities with
tine U.S. (According to Senator 'Enurroond,
tbs., Soviet Union and its Eastern European
satellites .furnish Hanoi with over 80% of
the materials used in the Victualer war.) ,
If the Administration opts for MEN treat- -
mast, Defense suggests asking Congress for
It for only one Corrunterdst country at Sc
firm?and then only when assured of recip-
rocal gain. Like Defense; the National Aeso-
p:antics -and Space Administration and the
Atomic *Energy COD1r1.113810/1 are leery of the
wTholo idea.
."TEMPTATIOIX PERSISTS"
But Commerce's Harold Scott talks as if he
hoe- a Congressional mandate for promoting
IIT.S.,Communist trade, "The Export Ecdrain-
istiation Act said to encourage trade with the
Cisnummists, and v:e started with that when
?
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WEEKLY - CIRe.N-A
JNA 5 0 -
? - - - - -.."
STAT I NTL
,12
0-11-11 1 v; [ Ft"- I Ft"13 [Ur111 (6)111
_
VIC:TON 7..0r1XA has deduced that the Khrushchev memoirs nov
pub! ifibed in th e West are not genuine and that the American
Central In",:f-,,Iligence Agency has had a hand in them. Here he gives
his reasons for thinl:ing they are not by IC h shchev: next week
he explains how he thinks the CIA was involved.
H.mi.)-P 1{4.
. ,
.. I. 'Ile Khrushchev memoirs, which have been
-_ described as the publishing sensation of the decade,
. are more than that. There is ?a great deal of
. evidence to suggest that they are the publishing.
-hoax of the century. They do not come from
Ithrushchev. nor, as has often been asserted, from
the ."disinformation department" of the KGB in
Moscow?although both Khrushchev and the KGB
had something to do with them. On this occasion,
however, the Kremlin's "Department D," as it is
familial:1y known in the trade, seems to have had
the cooperation of its American counterpart, the
"department of dirty tricks" in the Central.Intelli- ?
? ,gence Agency, which looks' like being responsible
.for the 'final product.
The evidence for this view which it has taken
me more than a month to collect; \\Ill certainly
be disputed. The reader will have to make up his
7
own mind on the facts presented in this series.' I
,\) spoke to Svetlana Stalin (now Mrs Wesley Peters)
in Arizona, and to Milovan Djilas, the former
Yugoslav leader, in Belgrade. I have questioned
The Russian pianist Vladimir Ashkenazy, who has
now made his home in Iceland, about the refer- ?
ences to his activities which appear in the book.
, But above all else, I have been checking the facts
: in every accessible source -- trorn the war archives
captured by the German, to old copies of "Pravda."
iThere are literally hundreds of errors of. fact, of
Itime, and of place in the book?but the publishers
claim that these prove nothing. Mr Ralph Graves,
the managing editor of "Life" magazine, which
obtained the material and then syndicated it
, throughout the world, says that Mr Khrushchev
, is "remembering at a fairly adVanced age, and I
think it is perfectly natural .for--hiM to misplace
! The 'American pUblisher of
,"Khrushchev Remembers" de-
clares in an introductory note that
the book "is made up of material
emanating from various sources
at various times and in various
circumstances." But he is "con-
vinced beyond any doubt; and
has taken pains ,to confirm, that
this is an authentic record of
Nikita Khrushchev's words."
.. These are not memoirs, the
- publisher insists, but "reminis-
cences." However', for the sake of
convenience, I will follow the
usage which has been generally
adopted and will refer to them as
m emoirs.
Spokesmen foy "Life," and the
small group of men directly con-
cerned in arranging the publica-
tion, refuse to state on record any
fact concerning the provenance of
the material. However, they have '
spoken off the record both to offi-
cials and to journalists of repute
in the United States, which makes
it possible to build up a compo-
site picture of the claims they
make for the book's origins.
It is claimed that the material
came in the first place from mem-
bers of the Khrushchev family?
his daughter Rada, her husband
Alexey Adzhubey, the former edi-
tor of "IzveStia" wiro, after the fall
of Khrushchev, i:vas given an in-
significant journalistic post with a -
picture magazine; and another
son-in-law, Lev- Petrov, also a
journalist, who died some months
ago. ?
The story i
s difficult to c
redit,b s ers ?f
Khrushchev the
familywould
have
enough experience of i lternational
addWetild ruin what I'M-rained of
their careers and even their
liberty. -
Whatever motives they might
have for 'wishing to publish
Khrushchev's memoir's, - they
would not trust their lives to
"Life." And, as the disclosure of
their names in the American
press shows, they would have
been right. Even though. "Life" ?
might now deny, for .the record,
that they had played any role in
have been
B would
such clue
the matter, their names ?
published and the KG
' certainly follow up any
with the utmost thoroughness ,and
g there is
would find out anythin
to find out?as they would have
known in advance.
The theory widely held in Ameri- .
? can official quarters--which deny
that the CIA could possibly have
had anything to do with it---is that,
whatever the origins of . the
material might be, at some, stage
the KGB got in on the act. The
date quoted most often is late
August when Victor Louis, the
KGB's international journalistic
"fixer," travelled from Moscow
. to Copenhagen for a week's meet-
ing with staff members of "Time- *
Life." . o
At the same time, however, it .
is claimed that the "Khrushchev"
material had been reaching "Life" ?
in dribs and drabs for something.
like 18 months, during which the
work of editing and translation ?
was proceeding apace. Indeed,
some American officials profess
to believe that the Moscow pur-
veyors of the material intended it -
to be published in th6 West in
time for the twenty-fourth party
ongress in M
some dates, places, chronology.' '
pp I
? affairs t th arch, since post-
/-Jim o i?ealise that
eir role polled to March this year. .
hat
F uNiat
is
- this ? t .`rushchetli--
roved icit Re
,feaStei.,2001/03 /0o 0131
41:d :iktabgef rollfatTRPO03,01314?
c
Delas?ch at 7 s. )1) lcation of the InCITIOirS,
? KGB would catch up with them. ?with their outspokenly anti-Stalin-
yox
Nil STATINTL
" Approved For Release 2001 Ai/a : 'l4-RID P8001601R00
" -
-14Xper.' CS OA-1. Soviet': :trio.KhrushchevAernoirs
? -
?
. ?
.By TERENCE SijITI1 crnme.nt agencies as well as arisen about the rnanne.r In
Special to TheNcw York Timex .
::,WASHINGTON, Jan..' 20 ---
A.',grOup of 30 experts on the
Soviet .I,Jriion concluded in a
Meeting here last 'week that
the, recently published memoirs
of .formar.Nikita S. Khrushchev
'Were authentic and .that they
hada been released to the West
'without the , approval. of .the
present Soviet leadership. :
:The unpublicized meeting
convened at the State Depart-
Mont, vas 'attended *by Soviet
area 'specialists from the de-
partment,. 'the- Central Intelli
gence Agency and other r
Coy-
private experts. - which them ernoirs reached -the
. .
- Two ,former ambassadors to West. -
Moscow, Llewellyn E. Thomp- Time, Inc., which acquired
son and George F. Kennan, also tl reminiscenes and serialized
anticipated in the session, at t ern in Life magazine 'before
which Ray S. Cline, director ?Miley were published dri look
the State Department's Bureau fom, has refused to shed light
Of ' Intelligence and Research, on the origin of the material.
presided. ? - - The book, titled "Khrushchev
The meeting was designed Remembers," was published
to establish what conclusions Dec. 21 by Little, Brown :and
could . be drawn from ' the Co. .
memoirs about Soviet policy The panel of experts con-
. . .
and policy-makers. Another eluded that most/ if not all,
P;oal was to. coordinate what of the published material was
one participant deseribed as the in the words of the . Soviet
'available bits and pieces of leader although some of it ap-
urnor and gossip" that have pears to have been doctored
.s cut-
before it reached the publish- IA _
cis. Judging, frorn the choppy, L1(
disorganized style, the speciai-STATINTL-- ?
ists Concluded that some see'
tions had been -excised
perhaps - to protect -Mr
..,!
Khrushchev.
They believe that the manu-
script was, compiled from . a
number of . sources, Including
speeches and tape-recorded,rec-
ollections, .and pasted together
before it reached the West. But
they remain, in -the words of
one participant, "very Much in
the dark" about how and why
the material reached Time, Inc.
The,conclusion that the doe-
lament reached the West with-
out the authorization of the
present ? Soviet leadership is
based Oh the anti-Stalinist tone
'of the memoirs. One partici-
pant described them as "an
echo,of the secret speech" Mr.
Khrushchev delivered before a
.S.oviet party congress in 1956.
Terror Now Minimized
The anti-Stalinist tone is out
of step with the current policy.
Of giving credit to Stalin- for
his wartime leadership and
playing down his rule of terror.
-?---
The conflict with current po-
licy is so great, in the opinion
of the experts:that the memoirs
could not have received the en-
dorScinent of .the present party
chief, Leonid I. Brezlinev, who
is closely identified with the-.
partial rehabilitation of Stalin.,
.. The specialists tend to doubt,
the theory that the memoirs
Were passed to the. West under
the sponsorship of a ranking,
Soviet official and the secret
police in an effort to embarrass
the 'leadership. No agreement
on, an alternate. theory, was
reached at the meeting, -
The inclusion of other damag.
Mg material, such as the ad.:
Mission -that the Soviet 'Union
attaCked Finland in 1939 and'
that North Icorea 'attacked
South Korea in .1950, bolstered.
the experts' conclusion that the
leadership had not intended the
Manuscript to be published in
the form it was.
-Although no definite plans,
have been set, a second meet--
ing Of the experts may be called
after the material for the first,
is digested and further 're-
'teach is done by Government
.agencies.
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t -6 -3 LA 5 5
- er
Ap_p_ro_ved_For Relea e 2001/03/04
Tawny:1.9(1
STATI NTL
4;
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I
By.Donald May
)vm,comr, in the PenOgon's Room bate has enveloped Foster and made him
? s .3E1006 is friendly...John yoster smiles, a symbol of Pentagon power.
shakes hands, and offers a chair. It seems
Mr. Arms Races himself onht to be
'more sinister. ? ?
To his critics, Foster is a symbol of
everything wrong. with the arms race.
He helps calculate the greger-than-
expected threat, which is whAt we have
armed ourselves. against. He tells us we
must have weaPons in?development today
so that in ten years, when we inight need
them, they Nvili be ready. When the
.Arms Control and Disarmament, Agency
proposes a U.S.-Soviet ban on the test-
ing of inultiple warhead 'missiles, he is
the man who' in effect says: "Wait! Our
studies show there arc ten ways in which
the Russians could cheat."
As a physicist, Foster specialized in de-
signing nuclear warheads. Now, as direc-
tor of defenseresearch and engineering,
he is our number one weapons planner.
With a staff of over 200, he manages the
Pentagon's $7 billion resear,?11 program,
which includes $2.3 billion foe govern-
ment research, $4.5 billion to private in-
dustry, and $200 million to t;niversities.
On Capitol Hill, the .111:i-defense
spending CongressMen and s:.?.ff regard
Foster as an.cininence grfse of. :he Penta-
gon. People dedicat?t armS control
tend to regard him as ?thc 1,;:ssest single
? .obstacle to that goal. ?"He'rov?-s his weap-
ons," says an Arms ? Contz?,?! and Dis-
armament Agency official
Foster is controversial, lm aside from
ohn Stuart Foster, jr., is 'a handsome
v..J) symbol. He is a man of medium
height and athletic build. His face is
sharply featured, with strong lines across
the brow and on either side of the
mouth, a solid chin, bluish eyes, and
brown hair., with a suggestion of grey at
the temples. He was born in 1922 in New
Haven, Connecticut, where his father
was a Yale physics professor. After two
years, the family moved to Montreal,?
where his father taught at McGill Uni-
versity. Foster grew up in Montreal and
went to McGill, where he was a cham-
pion ski-jumper and gymnast. ITis wife,
Barbara Anne, or Bobbie, says that when
Foster was courting her he sometimes
walked around on his hands or swung in
great arcs from a tree.
There is no Dr. ',Strangelove quality'.
about him. He has that kind of total nor-
mality you find in astronauts. His sPeech
is unelevated. About twice in an hour
you may hear a trace of a Canadian
accent. His office is equally noneccentric
?flags and seal behind the desk, pictures
of his father, his family, and patrician
scientist Ernest 0. Lawrence, a world
wall map, blackboard, co.nference table,
perhaps a? dozen models of ,planes., mis-
siles, and tanks (all Pentagon offices' have
these models; they are a major secondary
being a star witness on the .A`:?M, he does defense industry). There are hooks on
not operate differently, now tan he did war, science, and current affairs.' There
in his early years at the Fe.1;:-.1,-,on. What is a bar of Safeguard soap someone gave
has happicArii -6. nu has CQMITIcrn_Qrate the fact that the
begun to reldfoltr,VaYlt hesff'.1?9111RAS# 2 3/04s: IATR139811101601
PWW
the extent and premises cs'ks defense deodorants.. ?
establishment and the arms The de- ? Foster walks around the Pentagon
A g.4..s his memos that
000000 get in for inn tion
in 'meetings than by reading. "When he
has a meeting, he'll pour coffee all the
time," one colleague says, "He'll be.pour-
ing coffee for some GS 11, and the GS
11 will be saying, 'No, Johnny, you're
wrong!'"
He is normally at his desk at 7:15 A.M.;
at which time a messenger arrives and
hands him a brown briefcase containing
a morning intelligence summary. He
leaves the office around 8 PAL, taking
papers to read, either in the chauffeur-
driven limousine or at home, a modern
waterfront house at Lake Barcroft, Vir-
ginia. He sometimes breaks the work day
with an early evening game of squash in
the Pentagon athletic club. On Saturdays
he winds up around 2 P.M.? and goes
flying.
? Foster's hobb,5?, is flying military
air-
craft. He solos in propeller planes. But
he also likes to ride, in the high perform-
ance aircraft his office has developed,
sometimes briefly taking the controls. "I.
fly aircraft to try to understand some-
thing of the nature of the problems that
the. pilots experience," he says. -"We've
-got an enormous amount of effort in-
volved in tivionics and Weapons systems
and aircraft propulsion, and I just try to
learn a little about that. I also do what
I can to -go into submarines, tanks, and
other such things."
Foster's interest in Mrplanes dates from
World War II. His father then was liai-
son officer between Canada and the
United States on radar matters. The
elder Foster spent a lot of time at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in
Cambridge. According to Johnny, his
father suggested that he drop out of
McGill, where he was a sophomore, and
go to Cambridge to work at the Harvard
Radio Research Laboratory on radar
countermeasures. This he did, from 1942
to 1944, holding his own with Ph.D.s.. A
scientist there at the time recalled .him as
"our brightest dropout." Then for a
year Foster was in the M,editerranean
theater as an advisor on radar counter-
measures with the Fifteenth Air Force.
Ever since those days, says 'an aide,., he
has loved the cockpits of 'airplanes. After
-the war he went back to McGill, gradu-
ated N.VICII honors, and received a Ph.D.
in physics at the University of California.
c\ppithhi. the arms control community,
many see Foster as a "disciple of
Teller." In die 1950's, Edward Teller
led that faction of American science
which ?successfully urged de,elopment
of the H-bomb against the faction led
by J. Robert Oppenheimer, and he is
regarded by arms controllers as the
44-pkthgifa1\4:ish wing of U.S.
MWY-Ny9?V-1111792',11-eller was instru-
mental in setting up the Lawrence Radi-
ation Laboratory at Livermore, _Califor-