JOINT ARMY NAVY INTELLIGENCE STUDY EUROPEAN U.S.S.R. CITIES AND TOWNS

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CITIES AN
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80.
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES, CHAPTER VIII
SUBJECT MATTER
Cover Page
List of Effective Pages and Table of Contents,
Chapter VIII (inside front cover)
Text and Figures
Figures (inserts, reverse sides blank)
Text
Figures (inserts, reverse sides blank)
Text and Figure .
Figures (inserts, reverse sides blank)
Text and Figures
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Text and Figures
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Text and Figures _
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Text and Figures
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Text
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Text (reverse blank)
Table of Contents continued, and Imprint
(inside back cover, reverse blank) . . .
. .
CHANGE IN
EFFECT PAGE NUMBERS
Original unnumbered
Original unnumbered
Original pp. VIII-1 to VIII-24
Original Figures VIII-30 and VIII-33
Original pp. VIII-25 and VIII-26
Original Figures VIII-34 and VIII-36
Original pp. VIII-27 and VIII-28
Original Figures VIII-37 and VIII-38
Original pp. VIII-29 and VIII-30
Original Figure VIII-41 and VIII-43
Original pp. VIII-31 and VIII-32
Original Figures VIII-44, VIII-46 and VIII-47
Original pp. VIII-33 and VIII-34
Original Figures VIII-48, VIII-49 and VIII-51
Original pp. VIII-35 and VIII-36
Original Figures VIII-52 and VIII-53
Original pp. VIII-37 and VIII-38
Original Figures VIII-54 to VIII-56
Original pp. VIII-39 and VIII-40
Original Figures VIII-57 to VIII-60
Original pp. VIII-41 and VIII-42
Original Figures VIII-61 to VIII-63
Original pp. VIII-43 and VIII-44
Original Figures VIII-64 to VIII-66
Original pp. VIII-45 to VIII-52
Original Figure VIII-75
Original pp. VIII-53 to VIII-66
Original Figure VIII-98
Original pp. VIII-67 and VIII-68
Original Figures VIII-99 to VIII-101
Original pp. VIII-69 and VIII-70
Original Figures VIII-102 to VIII-104
Original pp. VIII-71 and VIII-72
Original Figures VIII-105 to VIII-108
Original pp. VIII-73 to VIII-76
Original Figures VIII-109, VIII-113 and VIII-114
Original pp. VIII-77 and VIII-78
Original Figures VIII-116 to VIII-118
Original pp. VIII-79 to VIII-120
Original Figure VIII-119
Original p. VIII-121
Original unnumbered
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note: This chapter is based on material available in Washington, D. C., on 12 February 1948.
Page
Page
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
VIII- 1
(1) Physical characteristics
VIII - 8
A. Introduction
VIII - 1
(2) Street plan
VIII - 11
(1) Evaluation of source information
VIII- 1
(3) Differentiated sections
VIII - 13
(2) Area subdivision
VIII - 1
(4) Hospitals and health
VIII - 13
(3) Terrain
VIII - 1
(5) Utilities
VIII- 14
B. Pattern and urbanization
VIII- 2
(6) Buildings of possible military use
? VIII - 15
C. Degree of urbanization
VIII- 2
(7) Analysis of residential areas . .
. VIII - 15
D. Functions of cities and towns
VIII- 8
(8) War damage and reconstruction
? VIII - 18
E. General characteristics
VIII - 8
(Table of Contents, continued inside back cover)
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Chapter VIII
CITIES AND TOWNS
Prepared under supervision of Military Intelligence Division,
Office of the Chief of Engineers, by Engineer Research
Section, Army Map Service
80. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A. Introduction
(1) Evaluation of source information
The basic source material for the present chapter is
a series of German Military Geographies published in 1940
and 1941. It has not been possible thoroughly to correct
or verify this material, in which many inaccuracies have
been discovered. Captured German documents and aerial
photographs, designed to supplement the Military Geog-
raphies, have been of value for this purpose. Some in-
formation has been provided by observers from the United
States or other countries, but movements of foreign ob-
servers within the USSR have been restricted. Postwar
USSR reports have been modified or used with restraint,
as they are often exaggerated, vague, or misleading, make
use of percentages based on an unknown index figure, or
Fail to distinguish plans from accomplished facts. De-
scriptions of individual urban areas in this Chapter in-
clude certain generalized data which are more analyti-
cally considered under topics such as Ports in Chapter VI,
Railroads in Chapter VII, and Electric Power in Chapter
IX.
(2) Area subdivision
This chapter considers 53 major, and 211 minor cities
and towns in European USSR, a total of 264.* It includes
those cities and towns in areas annexed since the war
and formerly part of Finland, East Prussia, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, and Rumania, as well as those in Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania. It does not include the European
Caucasus. In this Topic, the area has been arbitrarily di-
vided into two zones, the dividing line being the line
of farthest German penetration (FIGURE VIII-119). The
extent of structural damage in urban areas and rural com-
munities of the western (occupied) zone was so extensive
and so complete that any consideration of these communi-
ties based on their prewar plans, conditions, and facilities
must be largely conjectural. There is considerable evi-
dence that full advantage is being taken of the opportunity
to replan urban areas in order to eliminate prewar con-
ditions which caused internal congestion. Even the rela-
tively modern city of Stalingrad is being replanned along
t An index accompanying the cities and towns map, FIGURE
VIII-119, gives alphabetical list of cities and towns discussed, with
alternate names.
Original
Page VIII-1
more efficient lines and on a grander scale (FIGURE VIII-
40) . In spite of the fact that Leningrad 37* and Moscow
107 were close to the front lines and suffered extensive
damage (especially heavy in Leningrad) , these major
urban areas are not included in the western occupied zone.
In both these cities plans for the war-damaged areas in-
clude the opening of major arteries and the elimination
of points of congestion. Considerable changes and re-
visions of the available information regarding these cities
are to be expected in the near future.
The movement eastward and the consequent expansion
of eastern cities was so rapid in the war years that the
available information was quickly outdated and now,
therefore, frequently is incomplete.
(3) Terrain
European USSR is generally low-lying and relatively
level or rolling hill country. From west to east, the land
rises gradually in a series of terraces, each ending in a
bluff, or steep escarpment, which may be over 100 meters
(300 feet) high. Along the foot of each bluff flows one
of the major rivers so important to the area. Deviations
from this formation occur in the tundra region of the far
north, in the mountains of the Karelo-Finnish SSR, of
Murmanskaya Oblast', and in the southwest, where the
USSR has expanded into the Carpathians.
With the exception of Moscow, Leningrad, the Black
Sea ports, and the cities in western postwar additions to
the USSR, the major cities are located at strategic cross-
ings of the major rivers, each with its nucleus erected on
a prominent point of the bluff which dominates the cross-
ing. Kiev 171, Gor'kiy 58, Stalingrad 197, and Kalinin
74 are typical examples. At Stalingrad a series of urban
industrial areas extends along the Volga River bluff a
distance of some 50 kilometers (31 miles). The left bank
is low and the river bottom is shelving and shallow (FIG-
URE .
Another feature commonly found in urban areas are
the gullies which cut through these rivers bluffs Their
abrupt banks and meandering courses present a geological
obstacle to lines of communications, which tend to paral-
lel the bluffs and rivers. At Stalingrad, one of the largest
gullies, north of the tractor plant, divides the city into
separate units (FIGURE VIII-2). Such gullies played a
prominent part in the defense of this city. Another, at
* Identification number on FIGURE VIII-119. Major cities are
indicated by italicized numbers in the text and underlined num-
bers on the map: minor cities by numbers in parentheses in both.
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JANIS 40
FIGURE VIII-1. The Volga at Stalingrad.
2 October 1942, 1335 hours.
FIGURE VIII-2. Stalingrad.
Arroyo north of Dzerzhinskiy tractor plant. 2 October 1942.
1335 hours.
Gor'kiy, was used to carry a major street from the Oka
river bridge to the old city on the top of the bluff (FIGURE
VIII-97).
B. Pattern and urbanization
Until the revolution in 1917, European Russia had a pre-
dominantly agricultural economy. Internal communica-
tions were poor and inadequate. Much of the freight was
carried on river barges and steamers. Consequently,
Cielifidegaisio
cities of any size or importance were usually located on one
of the many inland waterways, such as the Dnepr, Don,
and Volga and their major tributaries. One exception
to this pattern was the string of urban centers located on
the main highway between Moscow and the Polish border.
These communities (other than Smolensk, on the Dnepr
river) depend on overland transportation and are cut off
on both the north and south by practically impassable
country known as Poles'ye (Pripet Marshes) (Chapter II) .
Between 1917 and 1940 many of these older communities
were expanded through intensive industrialization, and
communications were improved by a considerable increase
in the number of railroads. Highways appear to have
been poorly developed and, except in metropolitan Lenin-
grad and Moscow, to have contributed little to industrial-
ization. Cities such as Odessa 238, Sevastopol' 246, and
others along the Black Sea, and those such as Murmansk
3, with its satellites on the White Sea (Beloye More) , have
been developed into major seaports independently of the
inland waterway system (Chapter VII, 73) .
The areas recently incorporated in the USSR generally
follow a different pattern of urbanization. Most of their
major urban centers such as Riga 86 and Kalingrad
(Konigsberg) (263) are seaports.
C. Degree of urbanization
General population and urban population statistics
show that USSR prewar industrialization changed the
economy of the area from a rural to an industrial one
(TABLE This is reflected by the large percentage
increase in most of the important urban areas listed in
TABLE VIII-2. The effect of the war upon the urban areas
is difficult to ascertain at this time (TABLE VIII-2).'
Considerable transfers of populations have been made
and are being made. Large industrial populations were
evacuated with their tools and equipment to the Ural
regions and to Siberia. Reports indicate considerable re-
building and reindustrialization of the destroyed cities and
towns. There are also indications that the original popu-
lations of the area taken over by the USSR have been
moved from their homes, and that these areas have been
repopulated by imported Russian families.
One major population transfer, made for reasons of
national security, was the evacuation to western Siberia
and USSR middle Asia of the German population of the
German Volga ASSR, whose influence in the urban areas
and rural districts in and around the cities of Engel's,
Marks (Marksshtadt), and Kuybyshev is reflected in Ger-
man residential construction characteristics and plan-
ning.
* TABLE VIII-1, with its accompanying diagram, FIGURE VIII-3,
indicates the postwar urban and rural populations in the revised
political units according to information as of 10 November 1947.
The estimated percentages of urban populations and rural densi-
ties are based on the 1939 Census Statistics adjusted to revisions
of political subdivisions and indicated population shifts in the
referent report.
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CITIES AND TOWNS
Page VIII-3
LEGEND
POPULATION MAP OF EUROPEAN U.S.S.R.
(AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS?CORRECTED TO 10 NOVEMBER 1947).
Percent of urban population
Percent of rural population
and density
?.
No information available \
for urban-rural analysis
..rx
I ?
0 to 4.9 ( i
X C.----
0.5 to 9.9
10.0 to 19.9 \
4 1
20.0 to 29.9 P
Z
30.0 to 39.9 z
40.0 to 49.9 cr 1
--I
50.0 to 99.9
Z
over 100 )
\s.
1 7 7
./
i
(Persons per
square kilometer)
Numbers refer to list of
Political Areas in Table VIII-1
-
U. S. S. R.
(
IN
4
Tz-
,
4:11
ASIA
RUMANIA
NCTE:
Information was available only for
urban percentages and rural densi-
ties for all of White Russian SSR
(81) and Ukrainian .SR (82)
indicated by:
Original
CAUCASUS
FIGURE VIII-3. Population map of European USSR.
Corrected to 10 November 1947.
Information based on 1946
estimates compared with 1939 census
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65Tif
TABLE VIII - 1
COMPARATIVE POPULATION STATISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS, EUROPEAN USSR
(1946 estimate)
Name
Map
identification
FIGURE VIII-3
Estimated
area
Estimated
population
Estimated
urban
population
Adjusted
rural density
Persons per
Estimated
gross
density
Persons per
1,000 sq. km.
1,000's
Percent
sq. km.
sq. km.
1.
Major Political Areas **
USSR " Total
21,863.3
191,600.0
15.7
USSR * European (except
Caucasus and Urals)
4,571.0
129,400.0
27.3
RSFSR European (except
Caucasus and Urals) (R)
3,385.8
73,000.0
32.0
14.3
19.4
Karelo-Finnish SSR
(Karelo-Finskaya)
77
178.2
600.0
32.0
2.3
3.4
Estonia *
78
45.0
1,000.0
22.0
Latvia *
79
63.7
1,800.0
28.2
Lithuania *
80
80.8
2,600.0
32.2
White Russian SSR * (B)
81
207.0
7,200.0
19.7
26.4
34.8
Ukrainian SSR * (U)
82
576.5
40,500.0
36.7
44.4
70.3
Moldavian SSR
83
34.0
2,700.0
79.0
2.
Oblast or ASSR * *
Arkhangelkaya
Oblast' (R)
3
594.1
1,200.0
36.3
1.3
20.0
Astrakhanskaya
Oblast' (R)
55
92.2
600.0
45.0
3.6
6.5
Baranovichskaya
Oblast' (B)
39
13.7
600.0
43.8
Bobruyskaya Oblast' (B)
37
17.6
700.0
39.8
Brestskaya Oblast' (B)
42
13.5
500.0
37.0
Bryanskaya Oblast' (R)
33
34.7
1,800.0
19.9
42.2
53.4
Chernigovskaya
Oblast' (U)
49
31.6
1,600.0
50.6
Chernovitskaya
Oblast' (U)
72
8.3
900.0
108.4
Chuvash ASSR (R)
21
18.4
1,200.0
13.6
59.0
65.2
Dnepropetroskaya
Oblast' (U)
60
32.6
2,100.0
64.4
Drogobychskaya
Oblast' (U)
75
10.4
1,200.0
115.4
Gomel'skaya Oblast' (B)
35
15.8
700.0
44.3
Gor'kovskaya Oblast' (R)
19
75.3
3,600.0
41.2
28.2
47.8
Grodnenskaya Oblast' (B)
40
13.0
800.0
61.5
Ivanovskaya Oblast' (R)
17
24.6
1,300.0
54.0
24.3
52.8
Izmail'skaya Oblast' (U)
68
12.4
700.0
56.4
Kaliningradskaya
Oblast' (R)
41
88.0
500.0
85.0
0.85
5.7
Kalininskaya Oblast' (R)
9
66.0
2,300.0
21.8
27.3
34.8
Kaluzhskaya Oblast' (R)
32
-29.8
900.0
25.1
23.3
31.2
Kamenets-Podol'skaya
Oblast' (U)
70
20.7
1,700.0
82.1
Khar'kovskaya Oblast' (U)
59
31.1
2,300.0
74.0
Khersonskaya Oblast' (U)
63
27.5
600,0
21.8
Kirovogradskaya
Oblast' (U)
65
24.8
1,200.0
48.4
Kirovskaya Oblast' (R)
6
121.5
2,400.0
20.0
15.7
19.8
Kiyevskaya Oblast' (U)
48
41.2
3,400.0
82.52
Komi ASSR (R)
2
404.6
600.0
49.0
0.8
1.5
Kostromskaya Oblast' (R)
7
58.0
1,200.0
33.2
13.8
20.8
* Detailed urban percentages and rural densities based on the 1939 census were not available for compilation;
therefore, it has been impossible to make any postwar estimates, other than for the SSR as a whole.
** Political subdivisions according to information available 10 November 1947. (R)=RSFSR; (B)=White Rus-
sian SSR; (U) =Ukrainian SSR.
CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 square kilometer equals 0.3861 square mile.
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i9,4000#''546.444vr.--? Ai3p
TABLE VIII - 1 (Continued)
Page VIII-5
Name
Map
identification
FIGURE VIII-31
Estimated
area
1,000 sq. mi.
Estimated
population
1,000's
Estimated
urban
population
Percent
Adjusted
rural density
Persons per
sq. kin.
Estimated
gross
density
Persons per
sq. km.
Krymskaya Oblast' (R)**
62
259.0
1,100.0
52.0
2.04
42.5
Kurskaya Oblast' (R)
51
50.8
2,900.0
8.2
51.8
57.0
Kuybyshevskaya
Oblast' (R)
24
53.9
1,800.0
36.6
21.2
33.4
Leningradskaya
Oblast' (R)
4
85.2
4,700.0
70.8
16.1
55.2
L'voyskaya Oblast' (U)
76
1.1
1,400.0
126.1
Mari ASSR (R)
20
23.1
600.0
13.6
22.6
26.0
Minskaya Oblast' (B)
36
20.7
700.0
33.8
Mogilevskaya Oblast' (B)
34
20.7
900.0
43.5
Molodechnenskaya
Oblast' (B)
38
14.8
500.0
33.8
Mordovian ASSR (R)
27
26.2
1,200.0
0.7
42.4
45.8
Moskovskaya Oblast' (R)
16
51.5
9,900.0
72.0
53.6
192.3
Murmanskaya Oblast' (R)
1
149.7
300.0
85.0
0.3
2.0
Nikolayevskaya
Oblast' (U)
64
19.4
600.0
30.9
Novgorodskaya
Oblast' (R)
10
53.6
900.0
4.1
16.1
16.8
Odesskaya Oblast' (U)
67
28.0
1,700.0
60.7
Orlovskaya Oblast' (RI
31
31.6
1,400.0
20.0
35.4
44.3
Penzenskaya Oblast' (It 1
26
43.2
1,400.0
16.0
27.3
32.4
Pinskaya Oblast' (B1
44
16.3
500.0
30.7
Polesskaya Oblast' (B)
46
21.8
500.0
22.9
Polotskaya Oblast' (B)
13
17.9
500.0
27.9
Poltavskaya Oblast' (U)
66
43.2
2,000.0
58.5
Pskovskaya Oblast' (R)
11
31.6
900.0
43.5
16.1
28.5
Rostovskaya Oblast' (R)
56
104.4
2,600.0
35.0
16.2
24.9
Rovenskaya Oblast' (U)
45
20.7
1,200.0
57.9
Ryazanskaya Oblast' (R(
29
43.8
1,700.0
9.7
33.2
39.1
Saratovskaya Oblast' (R)
53
102.3
2,600.0
36.4
16.1
25.4
Smolenskaya Oblast' (R)
15
48.9
2,000.0
16.5
34.2
40,8
Stalingradskaya
Oblast' (R)
54
127.1
1,700.0
25.1
10.3
13.3
Stalinskaya Oblast' (1.1i
58
26.4
3,000.0
113.6
Stanislavskaya Oblast' (U)
73
14.0
1,400.0
100.0
Sumskaya Oblast' (U)
50
24.4
1,700.0
69.6
Tambovskaya Oblast' (R)
28
34.2
1,400.0
14.6
30.0
40.9
Tatar ASSR (R)
23
67.6
3,000.0
21.3
35.0
44.4
Ternopol'skaya Oblast' (U)
71
13.7
1,400.0
102.2
TuFskaya Oblast' (R1
30
24.1
1,200.0
35.0
32.5
49.8
Udmurt ASSR (R)
22
42.2
1,200.0
26.6
20.9
28.4
Ul'yanovskaya Oblast' (R)
25
37.3
1,200.0
33.3
21.5
32.2
Velikolukskaya Oblast' (R)
12
44.8
1,600.0
22.4
27.3
35.7
Vinnitskaya Oblast' (U)
69
27.5
2,300.0
83.6
Vitebskaya Oblast' (B)
14
19.7
600.0
13.4
Vladimirskaya Oblast' (R)
18
26.7
1,400.0
48.2
27.2
52.4
Vologodskaya Oblast' (R)
5
147.4
1,700.0
17.8
9.6
11.5
Volynskaya Oblast' (U)
43
20.0
1,200.0
60.0
Voronezhskaya Oblast' (R)
52
68.4
3,600.0
18.8
14.8
52.6
Voroshilovgradskaya
Oblast' (U)
57
26.7
1,800.0
67.4
Yaroslavskaya Oblast' (R)
8
36.8
1,400.0
35.4
24.6
38.0
Zakarpatskaya Oblast' (U)
74
12.9
900.0
69.8
Zaporozhskaya Oblast' (U)
61
26.9
1,500.0
55.8
Zhitomirskaya Oblast' (U)
47
30.2
1,700.0
56.3
** Political subdivisions according to information available 10 November 1947. (R) =RSFSR; (B)=White Rus-
sian SSR; (U)=Ukrainian SSR.
CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 square kilometer equals 0.3861 square mile.
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TABLE VIII-2
COMPARATIVE POPULATION STATISTICS OF MOST IMPORTANT
CITIES,
Index of Change
1926=100
EUROPEAN
Rank in
USSR in
respect to
size 1939
USSR
Estimated
population
Date
City or town
FIGURE VIII-119
Reference no.
Census data
January 1939
December 1926
Persons
Arkhangel'sk
9
76,774
281,091
366.1**
23
280,000
1941
Astrakhan'
259
184,301
253,655
127.6
28
Bezhitsa (W)
(147)
36,040
82,331
228.0
109
Bobruysk (W)
(152)
51,296
84,107
164.0
105
Dec.
Brest (W)
164
54,200 (1937)
(P)
50,000
1940
Bryansk (W)
(146)
45,962
87,473
190.3
101
Cheboksary
(55)
12,000 (1932)
Chernigov (W)
(162)
35,234
67,356
191.2
136
Chernovtsy (W)
223
112,000 (1937)
(R)
Dneprodzerzhinsk (W)
(211)
34,150
147,829
432.9**
56
Dnepropetrovsk (W)
210
236,717
500,662
211.5
11
600,000
1946
Dzerzhinsk
(61)
8,910
103,415
1,160.0**
79
Engel's
193
34,345
73,279
213.4
125
Gomel' (W)
(148)
86,409
144,169
166.8
58
Gor'kiy
58
222,356
644,116
289.7
6
900,000
1946
Gorlovka (W)
(202)
108,690
Ivanovo
(62)
111,460
285,069
255.8
22
Izhevsk
(53)
63,221
175,740
278.0
44
Kalinin (W)
74
108,413
216,131
199.4
35
216,000
1941
Kaliningrad (W)
(263)
315,651 (1933)
368,433 (G)
Kaunas (W)
(91)
154,000 (B)
Kazan'
127
179,023
401,665
224.4
16
Kerch (W)
(249)
35,690
104,471
292.7
78
Khar'kov (W)
208
417,342
833,432
199.7
4
835,000
1941
Kherson (W)
(241)
58,801
97,186
165.3
87
Kiev (W)
171
513,637
846,293
164.8
3
650,000
1946
Kirov
52
62,097
143,181
230.6
59
Kirovograd (W)
(213)
66,467
100,331
150.9
82
Kishinev (W)
(233)
114,896 (R)
130,000
1946
Klaipeda (W)
260
38,500 (1937)
(G)
Kolomna
113
30,767
75,139
244.2
123
Kostroma
63
73,732
121,205
164.4
70
Kramatorsk (W)
203
12,348
93,350
756.0**
93
Krivoy Rog (W)
(242)
38,228
197,621
517.0**
41
Kronshtadt
32
60,000
Kursk
177
82,440
119,972
145.5
71
Kuybyshev
130
175,636
390,267
222.2
17
600,000
1946
Leningrad
37
1,690,065
3,191,304
188.9
2
2,800,000
1946
Liepaja (W)
90
57,000 (1935)
(B)
Lipetsk
141
21,439
66,625
310.8**
140
L'vov (W)
227
317,800 (1937)
(P)
Makeyevka (W)
(253)
79,421
240,145
302.4**
31
Mariupol' (W)
(251)
63,920
222,427
348.0**
34
Michurinsk
(139)
49,853
70,202
140.8
132
Minsk (W)
155
131,803
238,772
181.2
32
103,000
(Postwar)
Mogilev (W)
(151)
50,222
99,440
198.0
83
Molotovsk
10
10,000
1945
Moskva (W)
107
2,029,425
4,137,018
203.9
1
4,500,000
1946
Motyr' (W)
(153)
12,000 (1932)
Murmansk
3
8,777
117,054
1,333.6**
72
100,000
1945
Nikolayev (W)
240
104,909
167,108
159.3
49
Noginsk
115
38,494
81,024
210.5
113
Odessa (W)
238
420,862
604,223
143.6
7
Orekhovo-Zuyevo
(116)
62,841
99,329
158.1
84
Orel (W)
145
75,968
110,567
145.5
74
Penza
136
91,924
157,145
171.0
52
Polotsk (W)
(98)
25,830 (1928)
Poltava (W)
(209)
91,984
130,305
141.7
65
Proskurov (W)
(220)
28,250 (1932)
Pskov (W)
(81)
17,054
60,111
325.5**
154
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owetyropernme.4?,Approved For Release 2003/05/WIRAMTM1A4A000200010008-1
TABLE VII-2 (Con(hme(I)
Page VIII-7
City or town
FIGURE VIII-119
Reference no.
December 1926
Census data , Rank in
USSR in
January 1939 Index of Changelrespect to
Estimated population
Persons Date
1926 100
size 1939
Riga (W)
86
385,063 (1935) (B)
liZogachev (W)
(150)
11,750 (1932)
Rostov-na-Donu (W)
256
308,103
510,253
165.6
10
(W)
(176)
10,200 (1932)
Rzhev (W)
1781
32,810
54,081
164.8
164
Saransk
(123)
21,460 (1932)
tratov
192
219,547
375,860
171.2
18
Serpukhov (W)
(109)
47,361
91,678
193.6
97
Sevastopol' (WI
246
74,551
111,946
150.2
73
Shakhty (W)
k258)
41,043
155,081
377.9**
54
Shcherbakov (Rybinsk)
46
55,546
139,011
250.3
62
Simferopol' (W)
245
82,213
142,687
173.6
60
Slavyansk (W)
(205)
28,771
75,542
262.6
120
Smolensk (W)
103
78,520
156,677
199.5
53
Stalingrad (W)
197
151,490
445,476
294.1
13
Over
Jan.
300,000
1947
Stalin? (W)
252
174,230
462,395
265.4
12
Stalinogorsk (W)
117
76,207
118
Stanislav (W)
226
63,500 (1937) (P)
60,000
Dec.
1940
Sumy (W)
(175)
44,213
63,883
144.5
147
:Svoboda (W) (Liski)
(182)
16,320 (1932)
Syktyvkar
(151
No definite
data is available,
but
is
over
10,000
1941
Taganrog (W)
254
86,444
188,803
218.4
43
Tallinn (WI
27
138,000 (1934)
146,000 (B)
(105.81
Tambov
138
72,256
121,285
167.9
69
Ternopol' (WI
(222)
40,000 (1937 (P)
33,000
Dec.
1940
Tula (WI
110
155,005
272,403
175.7
26
LITyanovsk
(125)
70,130
102,106
145.6
81
Valuyki (WI
(179)
11,000 (1932)
Vil'nyus
92
209,500 (B) (p1
215,000
(after 1940)
Vinnitsa (W)
(217)
57,990
92,868
161.9
94
Vitebsk (W)
(101)
98,857
167,424
169.4
48
Vladimir
(65)
39,654
66,761
168.4
139
Vologda
47
57,976
95,194
164.2
90
Voronezh (WI
(181)
121,612
326,836
268.7
19
Voroshilovgrad (W)
201
71,765
213,007
296.8
36
Vyborg (W)
24
30,000 (B )
1941***
Yaroslavl'
70
114,277
298,065
260.8
20
300,000
1936
Yoshkar-Ola
(54)
8,200 (1932)
9,400
(114.6)
Zaporozh'ye (W)
250
55,744
289,188
518.8**
21
Zhitomir (W)
(170)
76,678
95,090
124.0
91
(W) Occupied, destroyed, or badly damaged during war.
(B) Former Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, or Finnish territory.
(0) Former German East Prussia.
(P) Former Polish territory.
(R) Former Rumanian territory.
**
"Boom" cities which had increased in populations over 300% between the years 1926 and 1939. Of the 48 cities in this cate-
gory for the entire USSR, 26 are located within this area. (See note at end of TABLE.) Those not listed above are:
1939 % Increase 1939 % Increase
Chapayevsk
57,995
428
Mytishchi (W?)
60,111
353
Konstantinovka (W)
95,087
376
Nikopol' W1
57,841
407
Krasnyy Luch (WI
50,829
409
Yenakiyevo
Kuntsevo (W?)
60,963
610
(Ordzhonikidze)
(W)
88,246
363
Babushkin
Perovo
77,727
326
(Losinoostrovsk) (W?)
70,480
451
Podol'sk
72,422
366
Lyublino
64,332
767
Kadiyevka
Melitopol' (W)
75,735
300
(Sergo) (W)
68,360
396
Voroshilovsk (W)
54,794
342
***Entire Finnish population was evacuated 1944 when USSR
Original
took over Karelian Isthmus.
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Page VIII-8
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TABLE VIII -3
TREND FROM AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT IN USSR
Occupational groups
1930
Percentage
of 1930
1939
Percentage
of 1939
Net change in
percent
1930-1939
1,000's
1,000's
1. Total employed personnel
14,531.0
100.0
28,539.0
100.0
2. Agricultural and related occupations
2,208.0
15.2
3,935.0
13.8
-1.4
3. Handicrafts and shop industry
290.0
2.0
400.0
1.4
-0.6
4. Construction
1,623.0
11.2
1,963.0
6.9
-4.3
5. Manufacturing and mining
4,264.0
29.3
9,135.0
32.0
+2.7
6. Transport and trade
2,595.0
17.8
5,857.0
20.5
+2.7
7. Total of items 4 through 6
8,482.0
58.3
16,955.0
59.4
+1.1
8. Total, all employed labor except
agricultural
12,323.0
84.8
24,604.0
86.2
+1.4
(Item 1 minus 2)
The prewar change in employment from an agricul-
tural to an industrial economy is indicated in TABLE VIII-3
and in Molotov's "Report on the Third Five-Year Plan"
(TABLE VIII-4).
Rapid industrialization created a serious overcrowding
problem prior to the German invasion. The extensive
destruction and the inability to rebuild at once the im-
mense number of dwelling units required, mean that a
large percentage of urban areas considered in this chapter
are greatly overpopulated, and that dwelling space is at
a premium. Especially is this true of Leningrad and
Moscow, both of which suffered considerable damage.
TABLE VIII --4
PREWAR POPULATION TREND TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
Group*
1928*
1937*
Net change
in percent
1937-1928
Percent
Percent
1. Workers and employees
17
35
+18
2. Collective farmers and
3
55
+52
handicraftsmen organ-
ized in producers' co-
operatives
3. Individual peasants and
73
6
-67
handicraftsmen not
organized in producers'
cooperatives
4. Capitalist elements (pri-
5
0
-5
vate traders and ku-
. laks)
5. Miscellaneous (students,
2
4
+2
the armed forces, pen-
sioners, etc.)
100
100
* Molotov's "Report on Third Five-Year Plan"
D. Functions of cities and towns
Historically, the USSR is relatively modern. Most of
the major urban areas are of recent development as com-
pared with cities such as Rome or Paris in the western
countries of Europe. Moscow was only a small village in
1156, when it was first fortified by a wooden palisade and
towers; Leningrad was not founded until the 17th cen-
tury. Cities such as Gor'kiy (Nizhniy Novgorod) still have
a kremlin (kremr), or citadel, as a nucleus. In Moscow
this ancient fortress, which was the original walled com-
munity, is better known as the Kremlin and is the seat
of the Soviet government.
The industrialization of major cities and towns in the
USSR has affected their planning. Most of them are
surrounded by industrial communities centering on a large
plant. This situation is illustrated in the suburbs of Mos-
cow, Gor'kiy, Kuybyshev, and Leningrad. In the case of
Stalingrad (Tsaritsyn) , industries and satellite industries
were added up and down the right bank of the Volga
until the city reached a length of some 50 kilometers
(31 miles) . Industries thereby obtained not only good
waterway access, but in addition the service provided by
an excellent belt-line system.
The effect of the war upon cities and towns has been
catastrophic in the areas which were occupied by the Ger-
mans. This chapter is, correspondingly, divided into two
parts: Occupied Area and Unoccupied Area (Topics 81
and 82) . Many of the cities, by reason of their location
on high river banks (usually the right) , command im-
portant river crossings. The Russians, therefore, made a
maximum effort to hold these cities, even though they
thus became major battlegrounds, with extensive destruc-
tion. The cities of Smolensk, Kiev, and Khar'kov were
badly damaged before the Germans occupied them. Al-
though the Germans, during their occupation, under-
took some restoration of important facilities, such as
bridges, they put into effect a systematized plan of total
destruction when they finally abandoned an urban area.
For example, Smolensk had only 40 buildings standing
when the Soviet Army finally recaptured the city. This
makes difficult an evaluation of any urban area of prewar
USSR in the occupied zone. Reports indicate that con-
siderable thought is being given to systematic replanning
of these urban areas. These proposed changes will, if
carried out, modify to a greater or less degree the city
plans as now known, as regards both the street patterns
and the ease and rapidity of through traffic movement.
Prewar bottlenecks will more than likely be eliminated;
permanent bridges will be stronger and have greater ca-
pacities; it is believed that street construction will be more
permanent than that existing before the war.
E. General characteristics
(1) Physical characteristics
Up to the time of the revolution of 1917, cities were
generally spread out, and the majority of buildings were
one or two stories high. Only the centers of the older
and western town, which reflected some influence from the
West, had the built-up look so familiar in cities like Paris
or Berlin. Leningrad is outstanding in this respect.
With the exception of the areas rebuilt or developed during
the prewar Soviet regime, most urban communities in-
clude large areas of rectangular blocks, consisting of small
detached wooden buildings with fenced gardens or yards
(FIGURES VIII-9 to VIII-17) . In spite of overcrowding,
this results both in a relatively low density of population,
Original
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Confi
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CITIES AND TOWNS
and also low percentages of continuous land occupied by
structures. In the western areas annexed since the war's
conclusion, the cities and towns have the greater compact-
ness generally found in western Europe.
A comparison of the percentages of the city districts
alloted to various uses in Soviet and American cities re-
spectively shows that a bigger share is reserved for in-
dustry and for parks in the former than in the latter, and
relatively less land is allotted to residential and street use.
The figures given in the following tabulation for Moscow
and Vladimir are fairly typical. Vladimir is a provincial
city with a planned population of 110,000. The park
territory includes neither green spaces inside the super-
block, nor the forest belt surrounding Moscow.
Region
I. RSFSR
2. Leningrad-
skaya Oblast'
(occupied
area within
prewar
boundary)
3. Kaliningrad-
skaya Oblast'
(occupied
area within
prewar
boundary)
4. Moskovskaya
Oblast' (occu-
pied area
only)
5. Smolenskaya
Oblast'
Original
LAND USE
Residential
Parks and cemeteries
Industry
Public buildings (schools,
hospitals, stores, etc.)
Railroads and warehouses
Streets and squares
Water
Total
Page VIII-9
Moscow
VLADIMIR
24%
28%
24%
22%
12%
24%
12%
9%
6%
70%
9%
7%
1%
100%
100
Practically all urban communities, even those on the
coasts, are located on waterways, which are frequently
navigable. Many are located on bluffs at the confluence
of two rivers, which have consequently developed a charac-
teristic triangular shape (TABLE VIII-5) .
TABLE VIII-5
PARTIAL DIGEST OF WAR DAMAGE AND RECONSTRUCTION IN OCCUPIED AREA
City or town
Over 500 towns and
factory settle-
ments totally de-
stroyed; 1,200
partially de-
stroyed. Over 6,-
000,000 buildings
lost.
In Novgorod al-
most 100% of
residences were
destroyed. 11
hospitals, 4 col-
leges, 5 workers'
clubs, 2 theaters,
a museum, and
the water-supply
system destroyed.
In Rzhev, 1,000
homes restored
by April 1944.
12 towns, 8 factory
settlements, and
10 district cen-
ters completely
ci e s troyed. In
Smolensk, 40
buildings were
le f t standing
when recaptured.
89.8% (650,000 sq.
m.) of living
units destroyed.
Power plant de-
stroyed; also 40,-
000 trees.
Residential
Population of 25,-
000,000 without
shelter. In 9 re-
gions (1943) 326,-
461 home units
rebuilt, 60,411 in
towns.
By 1944, 13,000
units restored.
779,000 square miles
destroyed. B y
August 1943, 264,-
000 restored.
Industrial
31,850 plants, fac-
tories etc., ( em-
ploying 4,000,000
workers) de-
stroyed, including
37 iron and steel
works, 62 blast
furnaces, 2 1 3
open-hearth fur-
naces, 248 rolling
mills, 4,700 cok-
ing ovens, 12 non-
ferrous plants.
By March 1943, 12,- 870 out of 900
726 living quar- plants destroyed
ters for popula- (96.6%).
tion of 34,314 re-
stored.
Electric power
Hospitals and
schools
61 major and 6,000 hospitals,
many smaller 33,000 clinics,
plants, capac- 84,000 schools,
ity 5,000,000 a n d 43,000
kw. and 12,000 public librar-
buildings de- ies damaged
stroyed. or destroyed.
Taken to Ger-
many: 14,000
steam boilers,
1,400 turbines,
11,600 electric
generators.
All destroyed.
Rural
communities
(In 9 regions
only 70,000 vil-
lages, 98,000 col-
lectivized farms,
1,876 state
farms de-
stroyed. In 1943,
266,060 r ur al
homes rebuilt.
In Novgorod dis- By 1944, 1,000 col-
tricts, 75 out lectivized farm
of 76 schools units restored.
destroyed. In
oblast, 534
schools re-
stored through
1944.
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By March 1945,
40,000 collective
farmers' homes
restored or re-
built; reported-
ly "Not too
good." A 1 s o
4,000 out of 10,-
000 poultry sec-
tions of collec-
tivized farms
were restored
by October 1943.
2,230 villages with
47,246 collective
farmers' homes
and 46,000 farm
buildings de-
stroyed.
2,000 villages with
220,000 collec-
tive farmers'
homes and 28,-
500 farm build-
ings destroyed.
By Aug. 1945,
75,000 farm cot-
tages with 23,-
000 public and
farm buildings
restored.
Page VIII-10
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Confidential
Region
6. Mogilevskaya
Oblast'
7. Tul'skaya
Oblast'
8. Orlovskaya
Oblast' (19
districts)
9. Kurskaya
Oblast'
10. Sumskaya
Oblast'
11. Kiyevskaya
Oblast'
City or town
TABLE VIII-5 (Continued)
1 Residential
Industrial
Electric power
1 Hospitals and
schools
Rural
communities
12. Khar'kovskaya
Oblast'
13. Zhitomirskaya
Oblast'
14. Voronezhskaya
Oblast'
15. Poltavskaya
Oblast'
16. Staliningrad-
skaya Oblast'
Confidential
In oblast 583 state,
316 R.R., 284 mu-
nicipal buildings,
with 493 trad-
ing establish-
ments destroyed.
In Kursk, by June
1944, 600 apart-
ments and 22
dwellings re-
stored; streets
paved and 20,000
new trees plant-
ed.
In Kiev, 2,600
houses (500,000
sq. m.) destroyed.
All power plants
destroyed; also
9 4 0 municipal
and state build-
ings (over 1,000,-
000 sq. m.), all
public utilities,
with 5 to 7 km.
of streets.
In Khar'kov, 90%
residences de-
stroyed. By 1946,
75% restored.
In Voronezh, 80%
to 90% destroyed.
In 1944, 7,676
houses, as well as
2 power plants
restored.
In Stalingrad: 125
k m . streetcar
lines, 300 km.
water mains, all
paved streets, 14
parks, 3 theaters
and so on, de-
stroyed.
129,000 private
houses destroyed.
130,000 (including
auxiliary farm
buildings) d e-
stroyed.
94,000 houses and
auxiliary farms
and buildings.
In Stalingrad: 40,-
000 (4,000,000 sq.
m.) destroyed.
10,000 dwellings
restored by 1944.
317 buildings de- In Bryansk by
stroyed. December
1944, 5,000 kw.
restored.
127 out of 143 de-
stroyed food in-
dustries restored
by October 1943.
InStalingrad:
176,000 sq. m. re-
stored by June
1945.
8 hospitals and
72 schools re-
stored in Be-
levskiy Ra-
yon.
By Jan. 1945 in
Voronezh, 29
hospitals and
75 educational
institut ions
restored.
In Stalingrad,
all hospitals
(4,500 beds)
destroyed as
well as 102
schools.
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2 , 1 0 0 collective
farms with 40,-
000 buildings
destroyed.
In the Belevskiy
Rayon, by July
1945, 3,000
houses and 300
farm buildings
restored.
58,866 farm build-
ings destroyed.
5 , 0 0 0 collective
farms with 80,-
000 buildings
destroyed.
90 villages,
9,000 collective
farms, with 35,-
4 6 0 farmers'
houses de-
stroyed.
o V e r 1,000,000
trees (chiefly
fruit) de-
stroyed.
20,000 collective
farm buildings
destroyed.
108,000 collectiv-
ized farm
buildings a n d
houses de-
stroyed; 45,000
restored in 1944.
Original
Confidential
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Page VIII-11
Region
17. Rostovskaya
Oblast'
18. Dnepropetrov-
skaya Oblast'
19. Stalinskaya
Oblast'
1 City or town
'FABLE VIII-5 (Continued)
Residential
In Rostov-na- In Rostov-na-
Donu: The pro- Donu: 1,000,000
tecting belt of sq. m. damaged
orchards a n d 700,000 sq.
woods complete- destroyed.
ly destroyed.
In Dnepropetrovsk 57,000 units dam-
4,843 units dam- aged or de-
aged o r de- stroyed.
stroyed. 20,000 sq.
in. restored by
April 1944.
20. Krymskaya In Sevastopol' by
Oblast' (pre- 1947, 3,206 houses
war ASSR.) (170,000 sq. m.)
restored with 2
power plants and
a marine plant.
8,412 houses de-
stroyed.
21. Belorusskaya 26 cities and towns By Aug. 1945, 200,-
SSR. (2,160,000 popu- 000 sq. in re-
lation) destroyed. stored.
Industrial
In Rostov-na-
Donu: 105 indus-
tries restored in
1 year.
Entire salt industry
d est royed. By
Nov. 1944, 400,000
sq. in. salt beds
and 11/2 km. rail-
road spurs re-
stored.
Electric power
Hospitals and
schools
1 , 6 1 5 medical
and 442 edu-
cational insti-
tutions re-
stored by No-
vember 1944.
Rural
communities
33,000 auxiliary
farm buildings
destroyed.
400,000 rural
buildings d e -
stroyed; by
Aug. 1945, 150,-
000 restored.
Note: The above information is largely abstracted from Voronin's book, "Rebuilding the Liberated Areas of the Soviet Union"
(Hutchinson & Co. Ltd. London no date) and is intended to give a general estimate of the extent of the war damage suffered by
the areas which were occupied by the Germans.
(2) Street plan
The typical street plan consists of a square or rectangu-
lar gridiron. Segments of gridirons occasionally have
been imposed on a radial-circumferential pattern of major
streets, as in Moscow. The small town of Talovaya
(40"45'E, 51'22'N) , illustrates modern planning and think-
ing based on such a pattern, which makes use of a semi-
circular gridiron (FIGURE VIII-20) . Notwithstanding con-
siderable modernization in most cities and towns, espe-
cially in the residential areas, dirt roads are still the rule
outside of the larger cities. A wide public, or open, strip
between garden fences exists, and the traveled path
wanders as the condition of the surfacing dictates (FIGURE
VIII-4). In some cases the better main streets are paved
with cobblestones. Where modernization has been under-
taken the main streets are well paved and generally wide.
Drastic measures have often been taken to complete
street-widening and straightening programs. This is
most evident in Moscow (PLAN 29).
Many of the smaller towns and communities are bi-
sected by rivers or smaller streams. Frequently, the old
winding streets and inadequate bridges form bottlenecks
Original
FIGURE VIII-4. Village in White Russian SSR.
Wide dirt street between buildings.
to highway communications (TABLE VIII-6) .
In the villages, a rutted dirt road, often stretching many
kilometers, may form the only local line of communica-
tion (FIGURE VIII-4).
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Regular gridiron
TABLE VIII -6
ANALYSIS OF SMALL TOWNS AND VILLAGES
Typical Plans and Characteristics
(2-km. grid)
TOWNS - COMPACT PLANS
Irregular gridiron
Triangular
Krasno grad, 35?25'E, 49?23'N
(1,749 buildings) with suburb of Peschanka
(1,098 buildings).
1. Shape and Physical Characteristics
Square, rectangular and elliptical. 3 or
more sq. km. in area. Generally located
on a level site, often elevated on the level
plain above an adjacent river. Railroad
alinements bypass areas generally outside
urban built-up area.
2. Streets
Blocks: 150 by 260 meters
Streets: Vary in width; many still have dirt
surfacing. There is some use of cobble
stones. Few are paved.
3. Buildings
In center of town: some pretentious build-
ings with churches as prominent land-
marks.
Residential areas: Types E, F, and H (on
outskirts) .
(FIGURES VIII-13, VIII-14, and VIII-16)
Railroad station, if any, likely to be promi-
nent.
Confidential
Vol'noye, 35?16'E, 48?44'N
(722 buildings) (on Samara River) with
suburb of Svobodnoye (173 buildings) .
Shape dependent upon terrain which affects
regularity of gridiron and shapes and sizes
of blocks. Railroad alinements bypass
areas generally outside urban built-up
area.
Streets: Vary in width; many still have
dirt surfacing. There is some use of
cobblestones. Few are paved.
In center of town: some pretentious build-
ings with churches as prominent land-
marks.
Residential areas: Types G with E, F, and
H (on outskirts) .
(FiGuREs VIII-13 to VIII-16)
Railroad station, if any, likely to be promi-
nent.
Irregular rectangular
TOWNS - OPEN PLANS
Dvurechnaya, 37?41'E, 49?51'N
(633 buildings) (at confluence of Dvurech-
naya and Oskol rivers) .
Generally located on a bluff at the conflu-
ence of two rivers. 2 or more sq. km. in
area. Irregular triangular shape, con-
nected with opposite bank by bridges.
Interconnecting streets join bridges and
roads radiating from point of confluence.
In center of town: especially at main street
intersections and market square, some
pretentious buildings with churches as
prominent landmarks.
Residential areas: Type C at center with
Type F. Types H and I on outskirts.
(FIGURES VIII-11, VIII-14, VIII-16, VIII-17)
Irregular radial
4.5
41,1HF1
"
II Y\
pui2 .2O7 V.,
nioBlia
I, 2204
'ISHKOVKA
Tishkovka, 30?57'E, 48?29'N
(2,204 buildings) with suburb of Antonovka.
1. Shape and Physical Characteristics.
Agricultural community on a rectangular
site which is generally sunk below the
surrounding terrain. Level, with a stream
or river running through its center. The
land is relatively level.
2. Streets
The street pattern is somewhat irregular,
although street intersections are usually
at right angles. However, through routes
are poor and many bottlenecks exist.
3. Buildings
A market square is often found in the cen-
ter, dominated by a church.
M. Ichnaya, 32?24'E, 40?51'N
(2,910 buildings) with Type I (FIGURE
VIII-17) villages on radial roads.
Agricultural community on a circular or el-
liptical site which is generally sunk below
the surrounding terrain level. Its shape
is determined by the local ground profile.
The radial streets extend from a focal mar-
ket place dominated by a church. Some
circumferential streets complete the pat-
tern.
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Regular pattern
TABLE VIII -6 (Continued)
VILLAGES
Irregular
Single street
Page V111-13
Bra ginovka, 36?21E, 48'29'N
(315 buildings) with Bogdano-Verbskiy (132
buildings) and Landman (64 buildings) P.
Sofiyevka, 34?53'E, 48?03'N
1210 buildings) with Mar'yanovka (SEP.
I. Shape and Physical Characteristics
Rectangular (approx.) 1 to 6 sq. km. in area. Sinuous, following a gully's meanderings,
Located on a level or slightly sloping site with side settlements in branching gullies.
to one side of a main road. Streams flow through the centers of the
various parallel rows of cottages and
houses.
2. Streets
3. Buildings
Rows of individual, detached, wooden, 1-
story buildings equally spaced with
pitched roofs. Thatched, tiled, and metal
roofing materials. Ridges perpendicular
to streets. Usually log construction.
Very poor streets; little more than dirt
tracks on either side of a stream, but
which may stretch for 20 to 25 km.
through a number of adjacent settle-
ments.
Rows of individual detached, wooden, 1-
story buildings equally spaced with
pitched roofs. Thatched, tiled, and metal
roofing materials. Ridges perpendicular
to streets. Usually log construction.
Note: These urban areas are not located on base map, FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 square kilometer equals 0.3861 square mile.
1 meter equals 3.28 feet.
I kilometer equals 0.6214 mile.
(3) Differentiated sections
Urban areas in European USSR can generally be broken
down into differentiated sections based on industry and
trade. There are no indications of segregation based on
racial or religious differences; especially has this been
true since the revolution, when many of these barriers dis-
appeared. In the western areas taken over since the
war, Finnish, Lithuanian, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Ru-
manian, and other racial groups have impressed their
characteristics on the urban areas. The policy of shifting
populations, however, which appears to be the practice
of the USSR administration, has operated to reduce the
concentration of racial groups. One of the most visible
traces of former inhabitants is to be seen in the bulbous
domes of the Greek Orthodox churches, which stand out
as prominent landmarks and can be seen for long dis-
tances over the level plains of the steppes (FIGURES VIII-5
and VIII-6).
(4) Hospitals and health
(a) Hospitals in cities and towns.?Reports for 1941
show there were 491,543 hospital beds in the cities of the
USSR. The number of beds per 1,000 population in cities
Original
Toinakovka, 34'19'E, 48?06'N
Includes Smalenka and Mikhaylovka.
This is the most common pattern, consisting
of 2 parallel rows of dwellings with their
individual enclosed gardens or plots of
land. Straight on level ground. Sinuous
in gullies.
Three types:
a. Dirt road with houses relatively close
together.
b. Wide common ground sometimes with
1 or 2 tracks.
c. Common ground with stream or small
river flowing through the center.
Usually 2 parallel rows of equally spaced de-
tached buildings, 1 story high with
pitched roofs. Wooden, often log, con-
struction with thatched, tiled, or metal
roof. Ridges perpendicular to street.
FIGURE VIII-5. Typical small town with church, looking eastward.
Location, 11 km. east of Nikolayev. 13 March 1944.
rose from 3.9 in 1913 to 8.2 in 1941. The medical equip-
ment in all hospitals is regarded as poor. The number
of out-patient clinics grew from 2,337 in 1913 to 24,792
in 1941; the tendency is to further develop these facilities.
There is still a lack of doctors, but latest reports indicate
that medical schools are crowded.
(b) Health conditions in cities and towns.?The most
common diseases are malaria, tuberculosis, and dysentery.
There is a large malarious area in the European USSR.
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FIGURE VIII-6. Near Yaroslavl'.
Bulbous cupolas of a typical church.
Sand-fly fever is encountered only in Krymskaya Oblast'
(Crimean Oblast) . Tuberculosis is common among ci-
vilians in all urban areas. Much progress has been made
in retarding the more common diseases. The number of
reported venereal patients is still very high by percentage
of population.
(c) Rural conditions.?There were about 169,888
hospital beds in the rural communities in 1941. The num-
ber of beds per 1,000 population rose from 0.44 in 1913
to 1.47 in 1941. In the latter year there were 13,512 rural
medical centers. The technical equipment in the hos-
pitals is classed as poor. Bacillary dysentery and common
diarrheas are widespread in the rural districts.
(5) Utilities
(a) Sanitation and sewerage
1. CITIES AND TOWNS.?The construction of sewerage
systems has been very slow, even in the larger cities. As
late as 1930 there were only 42 cities with disposal systems;
by 1938 there were 107 cities with about 5,000 kilometers
(3,000 miles) of sewer mains. Thus, only about 6% of
the cities of 50,000 pdpulation and over had disposal sys-
tems. The large industrial plants and communities have
provided their own systems. Little information is avail-
able as to waste and trash collection and disposal. There
is a planned system of garbage collection in the city of
Leningrad (FIGURE VII-90).
2. RURAL.?The only rural communities that have
sewerage systems are those near the large industrial
Confidential
plants. The small villages have no collection or disposal
systems. Waste and trash collection and disposal in small
communities are still primitive.
(b) Water supply
1. CITIES AND TOWNS.?In 1936, 35.2% of the total
water supply of the USSR was obtained from rivers; 20.7%
from springs; 13.3% from artesian wells; and 30.8% from
all other sources. There were 278 city water systems in
1924; by 1938, there were 411 urban areas providing water
service with 14,000 kilometers (8,700 miles) of water mains.
Some of these were primitive, using hollowed tree trunks
(FIGURE VIII-7) . The 24-hour consumption per capita
was 55.2 liters (14.6 gal.) in 1924 and 51.3 liters (15.5 gal.)
in 1926.
FIGURE VIII-7. Drilling wooden pipes for water supply systems.
Before 1934.
2. RURAL.?The very few rural water systems always
were poor. Villages obtain their water in most cases from
dug wells, the majority of which are of wooden construc-
tion and poor design. The building of concrete wells has
been encouraged around Moscow 107 and Pskov (81) (FIG-
URE VIII-8).
FIGURE VIII-8. Typical village water supply pump.
Before 1940.
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Page VIII-15
(e) Other utilities
1. CITIES AND TOWNS--Electric light and power for
domestic use are limited, due to the conservation for in-
dustry. Only the communities that have their own gen-
erating equipment have domestic service to any extent.
Natural gas and manufactured gas are available in most
of the larger towns for domestic as well as industrial use.
A network of natural-gas pipe lines is under development.
2. RURAL.?There are only a few villages that have
electric facilities. Some large farms have generating
plants of their own for the operation of farm machines
and, to a limited extent, for domestic use.
Natural gas and bottled, liquid, and vapor gases are
available to some villages.
(6) Buildings of possible military use
Practically every urban area of any importance possess-
es at least one or more areas allocated to military and
governmental use. These have been indicated as far as
possible on the accompanying city plans. Generally the
most important buildings in a town belong to the govern-
ment. On the older railroad lines, the railroad station is
a most prominent structure (FIGURE VIII-14). Com-
mercial buildings, as found in American cities, exist only
in a few of the most important urban areas such as Mos-
cow 107, Leningrad 37, and Khar'kov 208.
(7) Analysis of residential areas
Certain basic residential patterns were typical through-
out the prewar area of the USSR (FiGuREs VIII-9 through
VIII-17, a series of aerial stereographs). For purposes
of identification in the text and tables, these patterns are
referred to as Type A, Type B, and so on to Type I.
(a) Type A (FIGURE VIII-9).--In the centers of the
major cities, such as Leningrad, Moscow, and Odessa,
there has been considerable Western renaissance influence.
The city blocks are generally rectangular. The buildings,
forming a continuous structure along the building lines,
have a uniform cornice height with pitched roofs (FIGURE
VIII-93). Small square or rectangular courts provide
light and air within the blocks. The buildings are sub-
stantial and somewhat monumental in character. In
areas of Type A in Leningrad, about 70";, to 80% of the
space within the building lines is covered by structures.
The sturdy construction survived serious damage in spite
of the continual shelling which the center of this city
received during the siege.
FIGURE VIII-9. Leningrad.
Left (south) bank of Bol'shaya Neva. 24 June 1942, 0850 hours.
Original
(b) Type B (FIGURE VIII-10).--This is similar to Type
A, but the blocks are more open in character. There are
breaks between adjacent structures, and the light courts
are larger, often open on one side. As in Type A, there is
uniformity of cornice height and pitched roofs. Between
50";. and 70% of the area within the building lines is oc-
cupied by buildings.
FIGURE VIII-10. Leningrad.
Right (north) bank of Borshaya Neva. 24 June 1942, 0850 hours.
(c) Type C (FIGURE VIII-11) .?The post-revolution
change from a rural to an industrial economy with its con-
sequent population movement to and expansion of urban
areas resulted in considerable residential construction
and reconstruction. The simplest form consists of grouped
arrangements of rectangular multidwelling units within
the confines of the normal block. (In FIGURE VIII-11, a
prewar Type B area has units of this type, occupying half
of the bottom block and the middle of the center block.)
FIGURE VIII-11. Leningrad.
Section from center of Ostrov Vasil'yevskiy (island).
24 June 1942, 0850 hours.
(d) Type D (FIGURE VIII-12).?Examples of modern
trends in residential planning in which an entire neighbor-
hood is developed or replanned as a unit are common in
most of the major urban areas of the USSR, especially in
Leningrad and Moscow (FIGURE VIII-82). These consist
of arrangements of multistoried apartment houses (FIG-
URE VIII-18) in which the usual gridiron pattern of minor
streets between major streets is discarded. A partial de-
velopment of such a unit is illustrated. In FIGURE VIII-84,
a number of these areas can be seen. The triangular for-
mation in the right center is one of the largest.
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high right bank which is found along most of the major
river valleys. This is a characteristic water-front con-
dition in most USSR river cities and towns (FIGURE VIII-
29)
(f) Type F (FIGURE VIII-14).?Typical residential
blocks have closely spaced detached houses lining the long
sides of the blocks (with sometimes one or two on the
short sides) . Each house has a narrow walled or fenced
garden. The gabled roofs are set almost invariably at
right angles to the streets, giving a distinctive pattern from
the air. This view also shows a characteristic small in-
dustrial plant, a pretentious railroad station, and a narrow
bridge over a typical gully.
FIGURE VIII-12. Lenin graa.
In southeastern part on left bank of the Neva. 9 September
1942, 1010 hours.
FIGURE VIII-13. Shcherbakov (Rybinsk).
Harbor area. Right bank of Volga (bottom) . 2 September 1942,
1019 hours.
(e) TypeE (FIGURE VIII-13) .?In the central portions
of the smaller cities and towns, where the Western influ-
ence is not so noticeable, the gridiron patterns generally
consist of rectangular blocks. However, the terrain some-
times determines a more irregular pattern. The deep
gullies often existing in urban areas may affect quite con-
siderably both the gridiron pattern and the shape of the
individual blocks. In the business section, large build-
ings stand out quite prominently. Residences are usually
detached. The buildings have pitched roofs and are built
fairly close together. FIGURE VIII-13, also illustrates the
FIGURE VIII-14. Shcherbakov (Rybinsk).
Railroad station area. 2 September 1942, 1019 hours.
Confidential
FIGURE VIII-15. Shcherbakov (Rybinsk).
Suburb on left bank of Volga. 2 September 1942, 1019 hours.
(g) Type G (nauRE VIII-15).?On the outskirts of
most cities and towns and in the larger villages, the houses
are smaller and poorer, are spaced further apart, and have
larger gardens. Normally, the blocks are divided into two
parts with no houses facing the short sides of the blocks.
In this example, the streets are somewhat irregular in
pattern. It also illustrates a community on a low, gradu-
ally shelving left bank, typical of the major rivers in Eu-
ropean USSR. The picture was taken directly opposite
the point illustrated in FIGURE VIII-13.
FIGURE VIII-16. Kazan'.
Near motion picture plant in northwestern part of the city.
18 September 1942, 0715 hours.
(h) Type H (FIGURE VIII-16).?In the older com-
munities, especially in the eastern and southeastern por-
tions of European RSFSR, and Ukrainian SSR, the average
residence consists of a small wooden house identical with
its neighbors, each with the same sized plot of land set
in rows on opposite sides of each block. Sometimes the
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CITILS AND TOWNS
Page VIII-17
FIGURE VIII-17. Typical one-street village near Leningrad.
30 May 1042. 0942 hours.
streets are relatively narrow (compare Type G, preceding) ,
or they may be quite wide as illustrated. Only 50'; to
(i0' ; of the gross area has been used here for residential
purposes, and only a relatively small percent actually has
been built upon. In comparison, samples of Types C and
I) are shown in the upper left corner.
(i) Typed (FIGURE VIII-17) --One of the most charac-
teristic residential patterns, which appears to be prevalent
over the entire Russian portion of the USSR (excluding
annexed areas), are the villages which are strung out
along a road or trail, possibly on opposite sides of a small
stream or gully (FiouRE VIII-19). Occasionally these may
be found at intersections and crossroads. FIGURE VIII-20
illustrates how this typical pattern is symbolized on Rus-
sian maps by a black line, representing a row of small de-
tached houses with a hachure indicating the individual
_
00 41 q /
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4,r7::,;..7.1-r? 1 , , ''''
\--.- .4... 4_
?
FIGURE Type D superblock residential unit.
Before 1940.
FIGURE Small village east of Vil'nyus
Irregular pattern common in the Baltic States.
NY,40CtOot N0 20
1$ "44,1110
.( 80 3
Y 4alasCT..0 1. .;1;)2
163.2
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TS I.
boraToip
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sac Hflbeat NH
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FIGURE
{Ail BAR
He 11
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Frp,
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VIII-20. Talovaya and. neighboring rural settlements, including collective farms. 1941.
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FIGURE VIII-21. Village near Virnyus.
Wooden buildings with hipped thatched roofs. Prewar.
FIGURE VIII-22. Lower Volga.
House of sun-dried brick or pounded earth. A Kalmuk home.
FIGURE VIII-24. Kherson (foreground).
Looking east-southeastward across the Dnepr. 12 January 1944.
gardens in the rear. In general these small houses are
wooden (FIGURE VIII-21), but other construction such as
sun-dried brick or pounded earth (FIGURE VIII-22) may
be found. Thatched roofs are common (FIGURE VIII-23) ;
tile and sheet metal also may be found (FIGURE VIII-24
and TABLE VIII-6).
(8) War damage and reconstruction
The total extent of the war damage is difficult to com-
pile, due to lack of complete information, but is known
to have been very severe in the occupied areas. Only one
electric powerhouse is reported to have survived; most
bridges were destroyed; factories were in ruins; residen-
tial areas were burned out. An indication of the extent of
the damage is presented in TABLE VIII-5; this information
has been compiled from many diverse sources and is not
in any sense complete enough for adequate evaluation.
It has also been difficult to compile complete statistics
on reconstruction plans or their progress. Reports in-
Confidential
FIGURE VIII-23. Typical village on the steppes.
Wooden cottages with thatched roofs. Before 1940.
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dicate that even during the darkest days of the invasion,
Soviet officials were working on plans for rebuilding their
cities and towns, including the rebuilding and replan-
ning of residential areas and the undertaking of street-
widening projects with realinements to remove bottlenecks.
En intercommunications, the railroads are being restored
and imposing stations are proposed, if not already under
construction, in many urban communities (FIGURE VIII-
25) .
FIGURE VIII-25. Kiev (top) and Kursk (below). Proposed new
railroad stations.
Illustrate trends in major landmarks within urban areas.
It appears that much of the prewar building construc-
tion, especially reinforced concrete, has proved somewhat
faulty. The concrete has had a tendency to spall. How
effectively this tendency to poor workmanship has been
controlled in this immense program of reconstruction and
restoration is not known. Observers have already com-
mented adversely on the quality of the repairs to the
Dneprostroy dam, where failure would be a serious matter.
F. Major urban areas
In this study 53 major cities are discussed and tabulated
in detail. These include six of the seven largest urban
communities in the entire USSR, Moscow 107, Leningrad
37, Kiev 171, Khar'kov 208, Gor'kiy 58, and Odessa 238.
These cities are identified by an underlined index number
on FIGURE VIII-119 and by italicized number in the text.
Thirty of these cities are included in Topic 81, which covers
the areas occupied by the Germans between 1941 and
1945.
The remaining 23 cities lie east of the line of farthest
German penetration and are discussed in Topic 82. They
include the two USSR cities with populations over 1,000,-
000, Moscow 107 and Leningrad 37.
G. Minor urban areas
In addition to the 53 major cities, 211 smaller cities
and towns are discussed in a condensed analysis in TABLE
VIII-14, making a total of 264 urban communities con-
sidered. Three-fifths of the total number lie in the oc-
cupied zones and the remainder in the unoccupied zones.
Original
Page VIII-19
On FIGURE VIII-119, these minor communities are identi-
fied by an index number in parentheses, for example Azov
(255). References to these minor towns in the text will
include index numbers.
H. Analysis of small towns, villages, and farms
(7) General discussion
In European USSR (particularly south of the 65th
parallel) , the smaller urban units conform to a fairly
standard pattern. The more densely populated the re-
gion, the closer the units. In fact, in the Ukrainian SSR
many of these communities are so interconnected that it
Is difficult to determine the lines of separation between
adjacent villages and towns.
The main difference between towns and villages is not
area size. The average small town is smaller than the
larger villages. This is due to differences in the basic
pattern of the two types of community. The village con-
sists of widely and evenly spaced detached houses, each
with its individual garden or farm area. In the towns,
the houses are built much closer together; the garden plots
are much smaller; and the population densities are con-
siderably greater.
Isolated farmsteads, so common in the United States
and in Western Europe, were almost completely lacking
in prewar USSR. However, they are found in the recently
annexed western areas.
TABLE VIII-6 gives a comparative analysis of the smaller
urban units illustrated by typical examples extracted from
the USSR 1 :100,000 series maps.
TABLE VIII-7 gives a comparative analysis of densities
based on the numbers of buildings located within an urban
area or village.
TABLE VIII - 7
COMPARATIVE BUILDING DENSITIES IN SMALL TOWNS AND
VILLAGES
Type of plan
Community Area
Buildings
Buildings
Sq. km.
Per sq. km.
Compact towns
a. Regular
gridiron
b. Irregular
Krasnograd**
Vol'noye**
3.5
3.25
1,749
722
499
222
gridiron
Svobodnoye**
0.5
173
346
c. Triangular
Dvurechnaya**
3.5
633
181
Open-plan towns
a. Irregular
Tishkovka**
7.6
2,204
290
rectangular
Peschanka**
7.0
1,098
114
(suburb of
Krasnograd)
b. Irregular
radial
M. Ichnya*
7.0
2,910
414
Villages
a. Regular
Braginovka*
2.3
315
137
pattern
Landman*
1.3
64
49
Bogdano-Verbskiy*
1.6
132
83
b. Irregular
Sofiyevka*
10.0
210
21
C. Single
Vasil'yevskiy**
0.5
58
119
street***
Kolkhoz
1.3
130
100
Zheleznodorozhnik**
Uchastok No. 14** 0.5
55
110
* Located on inserts in TABLE VIII-6.
** Located on FIGURE VIII-20.
*** Buildings spaced approximately 25 buildings per kilometer,
or on 40-meter spacing, in each row. For rows on both sides of a
village street, these numbers are doubled.
CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 square kilometer equals 0.3861 square mile.
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(2) Regional characteristics
Although many urban characteristics are common over
most of European USSR, certain variations are caused by
geographical, ethnographical, or climatic conditions pe-
culiar to a particular area. These modify in varying
degree the information contained in TABLE VIII-6.
(a) North and northeast (above the 65th parallel).?
With the exception of the boom towns (for instance, Mur-
mansk 3) most communities are small and are confined to
clearings in the forest, often on the banks of navigable
waterways or lakes. Except in the far north or tundra
areas, they are closely surrounded by evergreen forests.
Most of the villages are dependent upon fishing for their
existence.
(b) Karelo-Finnish (Karelo-Finskaya) SSR.?The
prevailing neatness and cleanliness of the Finnish race is
reflected in the areas taken over by the USSR which were
formerly part of Finland. This refers especially to the
Karelian Isthmus directly northwest of Leningrad. In
the residential areas, the wooden houses tend to be more
elaborate and better constructed than the Slavic types.
(c) Baltic Lands (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania,
with Kaliningradskaya Oblast' ).?The characteristics of
this area are middle or western European and Scandina-
vian, rather than Russian as found in prewar USSR areas.
There is considerable use of masonry, especially brick,
in the towns, and to some extent in the rural areas, with
the exception of Lithuania where the Russian type pre-
dominates. The regimented rows of rural buildings, so
common to the USSR as a whole, are replaced by rambling
villages and individual homesteads similar to eastern
United States rural districts. The change from this dis-
tinctive Balt farmland type to the Slavic type occurs
where the rolling Baltic Sea coastal hills level off into the
relatively flat central European plain found in southern
Lithuania and in the White Russian SSR.
(d) White Russian SSR (5).?Due to the considerable
area of marshland there are relatively few, but often large,
communities in the northern portions, especially in the
Pripyat' river basin, while the southern portion along the
Ukrainian SSR border is relatively densely populated.
Most of the residential buildings are of wooden construc-
tion with thatched hipped roofs; some have gabled ends
or hipped roofs with gabled peaks.
(e) Ukrainian SSR (6).?The great density of popu-
lation in the Ukraine is reflected in the proximity to each
other of urban areas, especially of villages. Very often
a string of villages and small towns will follow a minor
river valley for 20 to 25 kilometers (12.4 to 15.5 miles) with-
out interruption. The majority of the smaller communi-
ties are the open type, although the older portions of cities
and towns are compact. The recent expansions outside of
the major urban areas tend to be regular in pattern.
(f) Black Sea Coast and Krymskaya Oblast'.?The
coastal strip between Rumania and the Krymskaya Oblast'
(Crimean Oblast) is rocky and the urban and village
communities do not follow the typical patterns. Land
travel has been hampered by the many lakes and major
river estuaries; most communities are therefore situated on
a waterway or on the coast. The Krymskaya Oblast' is
quite mountainous and urban areas huddle in the valleys
(FIGURE VIII-28). The influence of the Mediterranean
countries is quite evident. Many villas (FIGURE VIII-26)
line the Black Sea, and this entire section has been turned
into a major recreation area for the whole of the USSR
Confidential
FIGURE VIII-26. Yalta.
A recreation section in the Crimean Riviera. Prewar.
FIGURE VIII-27. Yalta.
A health resort. Before March 1945.
(FIGURE VIII-27) . There is little rural population, the
cities and towns holding a high percentage of the total,
especially in the Krymskaya Oblast'. Considerable use
of masonry with stucco finish is found, and the northern,
relatively steep-pitched roofs are replaced with low-pitched
Spanish tile roofs (FIGURE VIII-28) . The wooden fences
are replaced by stone walls and many of the towns possess
an oriental or Turkish cast in their design and ornamenta-
tion.
FIGURE VIII-28. Yalta.
Looking northwestward. Prewar.
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(g) Southeast steppes.?The lands between the lower
Don and Volga rivers, known as the dry steppes, have
relatively sparse rural populations as compared with the
areas west of the lower Don valley. Villages are small
and far apart and towns are usually compact gridirons,
almost invariably located on a major river. The small
residences, because of lack of wood, are built of sun-dried
brick or pounded earth (FIGURE VIII-22).
(It) Former German Volga. ASSR.?Although the
large German population was deported to the east after
the onset of the German invasion, their influence remains
in the many towns and villages in the lower Volga basin.
The residential unit consists of a western European court-
yard with outbuildings enclosed within a wooden palisade.
The living quarters are generally well-built, of neat ap-
pearance, and with many adaptations of German ideas
to Russian methods and construction materials. Many
have clay tile roofs with hipped gable peaks and brick
chimneys (not common in Russian buildings) . A usual
variation is the generally steeper pitch to the roofs, com-
mon in Germany. The better residences may have
masonry walls with wooden gable ends. Many of the
German-type residences have two stories, while the typical
Russian or Slav residence is a single-story rectangular
building. The prewar German trend to groups of multi-
family apartments is reflected in the residential grouped
buildings in the cities, such as Engel's and Marks, for
which the German colonists were responsible.
I. Soviet policies in recent urban residential de-
velopments
in all cities the basic unit of planning is the "super-
block," organized as a neighborhood unit. A group of
superblocks, surrounded by major traffic arteries, com-
pose a residential section. The size of the superblock
varies from 15 to 25 acres with elevator apartments, to
between 30 and 37 acres with wooden two-story houses.
The population density is about 80 persons per acre; with
taller apartment houses, 120 to 160 persons; and 200 per
acre in the central districts of the biggest cities. The
percentage relationship of floor space to acreage varies
between 60 and 120, and that of ground coverage by build-
ings between 16 and 35. In addition to the dwellings the
superblock contains nurseries for children of two months
to three years of age, and kindergartens for those of four
to seven. These are always in one or two-story buildings;
so also is the community center, called "the club," which
contains at least, one hall and several rooms for study and
discussion groups, and for the work of the tenants' council
and tenants' court.
Because of the pressure of housing needs, and the short-
age of labor and materials, the erection of these auxiliary
buildings was very often delayed and rooms were tempo-
rarily adapted for these purposes. However, the super-
block is always planned as a complete unit and one by one
the nurseries and kindergartens are built in the places
provided for them, though often with changes in design.
Earlier planning of monotonously placed rows of houses
made more unsightly by unused space filled with hanging
laundry, garbage dumps, etc., was changed with popular
approval to call for less uniform placement of buildings
around the periphery. Currently plans are providing for
a more flexible treatment, in order to integrate the
buildings of the block with the contours and streets of
the entire residential district.
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Whatever the treatment of the dwelling houses, the
children's institutions are always carefully orientated,
with the playgrounds well protected from the street. The
balance of the land is given over to service yards, play-
fields, and greens for recreation. Schools are usually not
included in the superblock. The school with 22 class-
rooms, adopted as the standard type since 1935, serves a
population of about 4,000; this is not so far in excess of
the population of the average superblock as to exclude
integration. However, schools and stores in general have
been related not to the individual superblock but to the
residential district as a whole.
Public ownership of land and urban houses has facili-
tated Soviet rehabilitation of the old city blocks. The best
buildings are conserved and improved; the poorer ones
torn down and replaced by new ones.
81. OCCUPIED AREA
A. Introduction
(1) General discussion
The area included under this topic lies west of the line
of farthest German penetration, which is shown on FIGURE
VIII-119. In some cases this line passes through an
urban area, as in Sestroretsk (25) , Novgorod (80). and
Voronezh (181). Where the status of a major urban
area was questionable, an arbitrary decision was made.
Kalinin 74 and Stalingrad 197 are considered here; Lenin-
grad 37, Moscow 107, and Tula 110, however, despite their
extensive war damage, are discussed under Unoccupied
Area (Topic 82).
(2) Extent of area of occupation
The area of occupation lies west of a line which parallels
the present boundary between Finland and the Karelo-
Finnish SSR from a point west of Kandalaksha (7) , south-
ward to the head of Lake Onega (Onezhskoye Ozero) . At
the foot of the lake, the Finnish army reached a line which
parallels southward some 10 to 20 kilometers (6.2 to 12.4
miles) the present SSR frontier westward to Lake Ladoga
(Ladozhskoye Ozero). North of Leningrad 37, the Finnish
line was anchored to Sestroretsk (25) , across the Karelian
Isthmus some 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) north of the center
of Leningrad.
During the siege of Leningrad the Germans failed to
capture Oraniyenbaum (33) , a vital bridgehead from
which the Soviet forces launched the attack that finally
broke the encirclement. However, Petrodvorets (34) was
captured, and the German lines followed a curve south
of Leningrad within 5 kilometers (3 miles) of the city's
southwest corner, passing between Leningrad and the
cities of Pushkin (35) and Kolpino (38). In their first
advance, the Germans reached the Neva river outlet from
Lake Ladoga (Ladozhskoye Ozero) , capturing Petrokre-
post' (Shlisselburg) (shown on enlarged insert of Lenin-
gradskaya Oblast', FIGURE VIII-119), and Tikhvin (40).
Here the battle line for a while formed a salient and then
followed an alinement southwest to Novgorod (80). From
Novgorod to Stalingrad 197 on the Volga river, the aline-
ment passes through Ostashkov (79) and Kalinin 74 to
a point on the Moscow - Volga Canal (Kanal im. Moskvy)
reaching Khimki some 8 kilometers (5 miles) northwest
of the Kremlin in Moscow (PLAN 1). From here, in a
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salient westward and southwestward, the line passed a
few kilometers west of Serpukhov (109) and Tula //O.
In their last major attack in the Moscow area, the Ger-
mans pushed a salient northeastward, with the Soviet
forces holding Tula as an anchor, and captured Stalino-
gorsk 117. South of Stalinogorsk, the Germans captured
Yefremov (142) and Yelets (143) ; fought in the streets
of Voronezh (181) , captured Svoboda (182) and Yevstra-
tovskiy (184) , but were held to the line of the Don river
as far as its final bend southward due west of Stalingrad
197. Here General von Paulus' Sixth Army pushed across
the narrow 50-kilometer (31-mile) steppe between the
Don and Volga rivers to lay siege to and fight in the city
of Stalingrad. South of the city, German patrols reached
isolated points along the 45th degree of longitude.
(3) Postwar status of urban areas
Postwar information concerning urban areas in the
occupied area is limited. Some information has become
available regarding reconstruction plans which may or
may not be followed. In many instances, industrial plants
may not have their prewar equipment returned if it was
evacuated eastward. What was left of any value by the
retreating Soviet forces was either taken westward by the
Germans or destroyed during their final retreat. A gen-
eral modernization of the entire area is, therefore, to be
expected. How efficient this reconstruction and rehabili-
tation will be is questionable. Considerable use of rein-
forced concrete is to be expected, although reports of pre-
war construction in this material indicate that the Rus-
sians are not very efficient in its use.
Available city and town plans and captured German
aerial photographs do not indicate how revisions of street
lay-outs will be made. Certain fundamental functions
such as river crossings and railroad alinements will not
be changed very extensively; however, main streets prob-
ably will be widened, and prewar bottlenecks eliminated.
It can also be assumed that any prewar information re-
garding bridges can be merely comparative, as practically
every major street or railroad bridge in the occupied area
was destroyed.
(4) Major urban areas
The area overrun by the Germans was the most popu-
lated part of European USSR; 30 of the 53 major urban
communities fall within this area. Of these communities,
all the large cities of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev 171 (the
capital) , Khar'kov 208, Odessa 238 (the most important
seaport on the Black Sea) , and Dnepropetrovsk 210, as
well as those located in the buffer fringe of SSR states, are
included. Each of the 30 major urban units is discussed
in Topic 81, B, in order of its importance as determined by
prewar population statistics.
In the discussion of individual cities, reference to spe-
cific points is frequently followed by a number in pa-
rentheses. Such numbers are used to mark locations on
the appropriate city map and are described in the list of
identified points.
(5) Minor towns
Less detailed information on a total of 129 urban areas
in the occupied area has been tabulated in TABLE VIII-13.
In general, prewar USSR towns follow fairly consistent
gridiron plans, and the residential areas follow one or
more of the basic patterns (FIGuREs VIII-9 to VIII-17 in-
clusive) . In most instances, suburbs follow one or more
of the typical village patterns (TABLE VIII-6) . Types of
construction are discussed in Topic 80, H.
Confidential
In the Ukrainian SSR the prewar heavy urban popu-
lation is reflected in the proximity of urban areas. The
same condition existed in the portions of the White Rus-
sian SSR south of the Pripet Marshes. The area south of
Leningrad was also heavily populated, but only in a rela-
tively limited arc. On the steppes, in the southeast, urban
areas are generally restricted to the main river valleys
and concentrated in groups, as at Stalingrad.
(6) Villages and farms
The villages of the occupied area follow the general
patterns outlined and illustrated in TABLE VIII-6, and, in
the majority of cases, are of Type I (FIGURE . In
some localities, these small communities were wiped out;
in others they survived. Buildings are usually construct-
ed of wood and a high percentage have thatched roofs.
Usually, each residence has a small fenced-in plot of land.
In Tsarist days, the remaining land was divided by earthen
walls into narrow strips for cultivation. With the en-
forcement of the collective farm program and the com-
munal use of mechanized agricultural equipment, the
strips have disappeared and most villages are within easy
reach of a state tractor station or pool, from which mech-
anized agricultural machinery is loaned to the various
villages and farmers. This change in agricultural econ-
omy is reflected in the large tractor plants which have
been developed in strategic cities and, during the war,
provided much of the USSR mechanized war materiel.
B. Major cities and towns
(1) Kiev (Kiyev, or Kiew)(50?26'N, 30'31'E). Kiyevskaya
Oblast', Ukrainian SSR. Population: estimated at 850,000
in 1941 and 650,000 in 1946. (FIGURES VIII-30 and VIII-
119, 171)
(a) Importance.?Kiev, the capital of Ukrainian SSR
and of Kiyevskaya Oblast', is the largest commercial center
of the Ukraine; the naval base of the Dnepr river fleet; a
major railroad junction; and an important intersection
of highways.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city lies in hilly
terrain on the right bank of the Dnepr river, the latter
being about 600 meters (1,970 feet) wide. The bank is
100 meters (328 feet) high in places, and is cut by deep
gullies (FIGURE VIII-29) . Kiev is divided into three sec-
tions: the old central section on the plateau, with a modern
quarter; the Leninskiy Rayon (formerly Pechersk) in the
southeast on the hills dominating the city, with citadel
and fortifications; and the Petrovskiy Rayon, the business
section, situated north of the central section and along
the river. Suburbs are northwest, west, and southwest
of the city proper.
Landmarks included many cathedrals, churches, and
monasteries, the famous cave monastery (Pecherskaya
Lavra) , an observatory, and a bell tower 90 meters (295
feet) high.
(c) Transportation.?Kiev is a major railroad junc-
tion. Before 1941, there were four railroad and highway
bridges (9, 20, 21, 22)* and a steamer ferry. All bridges
were destroyed, but it is reported that the main railroad
bridge, of wood construction and double-track, was re-
stored to operation in September 1947. In addition to
the main railroad station there are seven other stations,
six freight stations, and two military freight stations.
A new railroad station (FIGURE VIII-25) has been proposed.
* Numbers in parentheses refer to location on respective city
plans.
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*trvolippr.
FIGURE VIII-29. Kiev.
View northward to main city on bluffs, right bank of the Dnepr. Low flat lands opposite. Prewar.
The city is an important junction of highways to various
points. The main traffic artery within the city, Khresh-
chatyk (Vorovskogo) Street, is in a gorge. The main
bottlenecks were in the central part of the city and in
the Leninskiy Rayon with numerous twisting streets. Re-
ports indicate that in replanning these cities, many of
the prewar bottlenecks will be eliminated.
Kiev has three airfields with permanent facilities of
which one (33) , for both military and civilian use, is
unimproved, and is practically useless in rainy weather.
There are towers for practice parachute jumping.
The city has a street railway with three barns. A sub-
way is planned with lines intersecting at the center of the
city and connecting outlying sections, including the part
on the left bank of the Dnepr river.
(d) industry and commerce.--Prewar Kiev was an im-
portant shoe-manufacturing center. Shops were being
reconstructed and new ones being built in December 1946.
.3ugar refineries produced more than 248,000 tons of sugar
annually, but were probably all destroyed. A report of
July 1946 states that 17 refineries were rebuilt and four
more will be repaired by 1949.
The Sukhomlina shipyard (6) built river vessels. Plants
for forging machine parts included the Leninskaya Kuz-
nitsa, with 4,000 workers; the Gor'kiy, for automatic tools;
Bol'shevik (28), for airplane motors and parts, presses, and
sugar-factory and oil-well apparatus, using 15,000 tons
of pig iron annually. Reconstruction and building of
new shops for the latter were completed by November
1946.
Original
A motorcycle factory was reequipped and was produc-
ing motors with the trademark Kievlyanin by November
1946.
Armaments plants included an arsenal for rifles and
munitions, two gun factories, five munitions factories, and
three tank factories.
Other industries included a newspaper printing plant;
the Ukrkabel' cable plant; the Artema for machines; an
assembly plant with 3,000 workers with an output of 12
to 15 airplanes daily; a rayon factory, the thread to be
woven elsewhere; a tobacco factory with little automatic
machinery, claiming a daily output of 8 million cigarettes
(June 1947) ; and others producing machine tools, labora-
tory equipment, farm machinery, railroad cars, motors,
leather, and woodworking.
Storage space included seven munitions storage places
with munitions dumps (2) ; two storage installations for
petroleum and gasoline; an elevator with 20,000 metric
tons (22,000 short tons) capacity; and a cold-storage plant
(24) with 1,000 metric tons (1,102 short tons) capacity.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?There were numerous
barracks (1), 11 hotels, numerous schools (30, 31, 32) ,
scientific institutes (27), galleries, museums, two military
summer camps (10) , and an artillery firing range. There
were at least three hospitals, including a military hospital
(41), the university clinic, and a veterans' home. Infor-
mation as to the present status of storage and billeting
quarters is lacking, but it may be assumed that a consider-
able number of these facilities were wrecked and that some
have been restored to operation.
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(f) Utilities.?All the power plants and public utilities
in Kiev were reported destroyed. Before the war, the
utilities included a state regional electric power plant with
a capacity of 25,000 kilowatts employing 1,000 workers;
a main city power plant with 40,000 kilowatts; a regional
plant with 5,000 kilowatts; the Lukoyanovskaya plant
with 8,000 kilowatts; and TETs (heat and power)
plant of the Southwestern Railroad with 80,000 kilo-
watts and 1,000 workers. In 1939, it was reported
that 60 blocks of flats and four public baths were
to be added to the municipal central heating system.
Information regarding restoration of power plants is
lacking, but natural-gas pipe lines from the Galician
oil fields and Poltava (209) were said to be in opera-
tion in July 1947, and another line is reported being
laid between Kiev and Odessa.
(g) Communications.?Kiev is on the main tele-
phone-telegraph network. In 1945 a new automatic tele-
phone exchange for 50,000 telephones was constructed.
Facilities included post, telephone, and telegraph offices;
a radio-telegraph station for interstate and intrastate
communications; two military radio stations (18, 50) ;
and ground and weather radio stations. There are a
total of 22 radio stations in Kiev including 2 broadcast-
ing stations; eight are for official use only.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?The entire
downtown section and all the power plants and public
utilities were reported destroyed. The destruction in-
cluded over 3,000 dwellings and public buildings and 5
to 7 kilometers (3 to 4.3 miles) of streets. According to
rebuiMng plans, many of the prewar bottlenecks will be
eliminated. It is proposed that the city have an average
maximum density of 22,200 to 29,600 persons per square
kilometer (900 to 1,200 persons per acre) .
(2) Khar'kov (Charkow) (49?59'N, 36?17'E). Khar'-
kovskaya Oblast', Ukrainian SSR. Population: 833,400 in
January 1939; estimated at 950,000 in 1946. (FIGuREs VIII-
33 and VIII-119, 208)
(a) Importance.?Khar'kov, the oblast capital and
administrative center of the Donets Basin, is the largest
economic center in Ukrainian SSR, and before the war
was being dec7eloped into one of the major industrial
centers of the entire USSR. It is an important railroad
center and highway intersection.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city, lying at the
confluence of the Khar'kov and Lopan' rivers, has an area
of 56 square kilometers (22 square miles). The old central
section was surrounded before the war by modern workers'
housing settlements. Khar'kov suffered heavily from
war damage.
(c) Transportation.?Khar'kov has two large railroad
terminals (9, 19), as well as five other stations (13 to 17),
and is on lines connecting both the central Russian in-
dustrial area with the Chernozem (black earth) region and
the Black Sea, and also the Donets Basin with White
Russian SSR and the Baltic ports.
Highways intersect from Belgorod (178) , Volchansk,
Chuguyev (207) , Zmiyev, Merefa, Poltava (209) , and Bo-
godukhov. Five of these highways pass through the old
central part of the city, with numerous sharp turns caus-
ing congestion of traffic. Before the invasion a certain
amount of replanning, including straightening and widen-
ing of main streets, had been started. (FIGURES VIII-31
and VIII-32).
Five major airfields with permanent facilities and three
minor fields operate in Khar'kov and vicinity. One of the
Confidential
FIGURE VIII-31. Khar'kov.
Cobblestone paving of Dzerzhinskiy Square in front of
Gospromyshelennost' (State Industry) Building.
FIGURE VIII-32. Khar'kov.
Plan of Dzerzhinskiy Square. One of the replanning schemes,
covering 150,000 square meters (37 acres) , which was nearing
completion, or was completed, at the time of the city's capture.
Although damaged, these buildings survived destruction and have
been repaired. This is a prominent aerial landmark.
airfields (12) is on the Moscow ? Baku ? Teheran airline
route.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Bef ore the war, Khar'-
kov was being developed into one of the USSR's major
industrial centers and produced 50e/ of the industrial
output of the Ukrainian SSR. In the course of the war
the Germans destroyed 80% of the factories. Thirteen
of the 50 coal mines have been restored. The Russians
claim a prewar output of 1,000 tons daily. Plants de-
stroyed and now again in operation include the Ordzhoni-
kidze tractor plant; the Stalin tractor plant in partial oper-
ation with only four shops repaired; the Gidroprivod and
Elektrostanok machine tool factories; the Serp i Molot
factory for farm machinery, motorcycles, and machine
guns; and a camera works which may be equipped with
superior German machines to produce cameras.
Postwar factories produce household articles, sewing
machines, bicycles, cars, and rifles.
Prewar factories included the Khapeze-Komintern loco-
motive works; the Molotov tool and machine-tool plant;
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FIGURE VIII - 30
K (PTV CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
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toraya
Dotnitsa
Kokhristerskoya Sloboda
Novoya
Dornho
Ii
ir,N7
??????, 5ir?sH',
? r.
d
Lelut?tc,
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I IV- A
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IDENTIFIED POINTS
to V VS Mane
1. Barracks 27, Polytechnic Institute
2. Munitions dumps 28. -Bolshevik- inachtnery plant
''Stalin'' power plant 29. Aircraft factory
4. Waterworks (3 plants) 30. 'Kamen.- Military School
S. Harbor 31. Artillery school
S. "Sukhornlin" shipyard 32. Infantry sehool
7. Ship repari yard 33. Military and civilian airfield
8. Dnepr Fleet naval base 34. I oconot lye and railroad car repair shop
9. Railroad bridge 35. Main railroad station
10. Military division summer camp 36. Powerplant at the Yugo-Zapadnaya
11. Railroad car factory (Southwestein) Railroad
12. Meal processing plants (2 plants) 37. Electromotor factory
13. Station for armored trains 38. Freight station. Kiev I.
14. Darnitsa armament plant 39. Oil mill (vegelable oil)
15. Electric machme and apparatus factoiy 40. District power plant
16. Darnitsa station 41.litaty hospital
17. Military loading ramp (Darnitsa station) -Krasnoye Znamya" Armaments plant
18. Military radio dation 43. Military freight station
19. Sawmills (two plants) 44. Military loading platforms
20. Railroad bridge (to Dainitsa) It. Military loading platforms
21. Highway bridge 46. Transformer station for southern city area
22. Highway bridge 47. Railroad station. Kiev II
23. Ferry crossing (steamer) 44. Frerght station. Kiev II
24. Cold storage plant 49. Waterworks (see also No. 4)
25. District power plant 50. Military radio station
26. Radio apparatus factory 51. Brickyard
52. Transformer station for Leninskly Rayon
.008 TOME, 25 K M.
Rubezhnoyo Koloniyo
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-011f1401?0###.8A
, A N
JANIS 40
CONFI DENTIAL
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Wee
te,65
Ur ban areas
Industrial areas
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CONFIDENTIAL
Reialiraebit,,n r
Reliability Manually Inadequate source information partially reconciled with aerial photography about 1842: town
glare ten
annin9 and reconslructron unavailable
largely destroyed:
IDENTIFIED POINTS
Bkrarnian Peoples Central Committee DR
Machwery plant E6
3 trade onion building, DR
OfarrIptive regain shrPs D7
5 City soviet (council)
6 Post office
I Hospital
8. City telephone errhange
Main railroad station
IS Leather factory
11. Brickyard
12 Airfield 135 DI. C2. E5
PD
13 North Don railroad station
19 South railroad station D3
15 t Larovy Lay 7 railroad station
16. 'Novaya Bavanya7 railroad station
17 t Balashoyskiy7 railroad station
IA. Pace track NI
II. "Salyelino7 radroad station PI
20 Hiologrcal institute f3
21. Central market C3
22. Stadium B4
73 Agriculture research institute F5
24. "134er000nsk67 square C3
cy
Destroyed
0 0
Approved For Release 2003/05/1
Ei=07,-.,77!,==HA-
CIA-RDP79-01144A0002000
0008-1
Confidential
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
CITIES AND TOWNS
the Khele plant for electric motors; the Svet Shakhturs
plant for machines; and the Stalin Elektromekhaniches-
kiy motor works. There were also plants for building
railroad cars, agricultural machinery, business machines,
and lathes. Five plants produced airplanes; three, tanks
and tractors; and two, chemicals. Other plants manu-
factured textiles, leather, wood products, paper, soap, to-
bacco, and meat products. The city was an agricultural
center for cattle, horses, and grain (21).
Storage facilities were provided for ordnance, chemicals,
and munitions.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Billeting possibilities in-
cluded barracks, hotels, scientific institutes (20, 23) , and
university buildings. Many of these structures, includ-
ing the university, were destroyed. Postwar information
indicates that early in 1947 the city had 23 functioning
hospitals and 38 dispensaries. There was a sanatorium
and a rest home for railroad employees.
) Utilities.?Three large power plants with a total
capacity of 119,000 kilowatts, all interconnected, were
known to have been restored prior to March 1947. The
municipal central heating plant was being expanded in
1939.
(g) Communications.?Khar'kov is on the main tele-
phone-telegraph network and has three amplifier stations
the area. A new automatic telephone exchange for
0,000 subscribers was constructed in 1945; and a large
long-distance telephone exchange (8) was in service in
May 1946. There was a post office (6) and 16 radio sta-
tions including an interstate and an intrastate radio-
telegraph station, and two broadcasting stations.
( h) War damage and reconstruction.?In 1944, Khar'-
kov was 90'/; destroyed, including 80',; of the factories and
60( ; of the dwellings; but by October 1946, approximately
75': of the city had been rebuilt.
(3) Odessa (4628'N, 30 '45'E). Odesskaya Oblast'.
Population: 604,200 in 1939; estimated at 604,000 in 1941.
WI(ITRES VIII-34 and VIII-119, 238)
(a) Importance.?Odessa, the capital of Odesskaya
Oblast', is the third largest city in Ukrainian SSR, the
sixth in European USSR, and seventh in the whole USSR.
lIt is the most important port on the Black Sea and is a
water-rail transshipment point for various items, prin-
cipally grain. It was a minor prewar military and naval
base.
(h) Physical characteristics.?Odessa is about 48
square kilometers (19 square miles) in area. The mini-
mum elevation is on the coast at sea level, although the
cliffs in that vicinity rise as high as 52 meters (170 feet) .
Toward the west, elevation generally increases to about
40 meters (130 feet). The maximum elevation in the
city proper is 43 meters (140 feet) , but there are some
points of 40 to 60 meters (130 to 195 feet) elevation to the
south.
The main built-up area is situated on a bluff on the
southwest side of Odesskiy Zaliv overlooking the harbor
area. A less densely built area lies between the main rail-
road station, on the south, and the cliffs along the sea.
Suburbs include Peresyp', which stretches along the bay
north of the main harbor; Slobodka Romanovka (Slobodka
Chervona) , to the northwest; and Vorontsovka and Moldo-
vanka, to the southwest.
(c) Transportation
1. EXTERNAL.?Rail connections include a double-
track line running north-northwest and two single-track
lines, southwest and north-northeast. Three additional
Original
Page VIII-25
single-track lines run west, north, and east from Peresyp'.
There are three passenger stations (6, 36, 46) and three
freight stations (13, 35, 37). The classification yard, west
of the Odessa Zastava Pervaya freight station (35) , was
reported in good condition in 1944.
More than 39 kilometers of the main east-northeast
highway was paved in 1941; the remainder probably had
a dirt surface. At that time, plans called for paving of
the entire length as a "new strategic motor road to Niko-
layev", with connections to Kherson. The paved road
was to have been 12 meters (40 feet) wide.
A highway from Odessa to Moscow, 7 meters (23 feet)
in width was under construction before the summer of
1946 and was to have been completed by spring, 1947.
Materials were imported from Rumania and Czechoslo-
vakia.
A minor road to the southwest, probably with dirt sur-
face, was described as a good motor road in 1941. Another
minor road, also probably dirt surface, leads westward.
Sea access to the port of Odessa is difficult in rough
weather. Tidal fluctuation is about 1 meter (3.3 feet).
Ice thickness usually varies from 5 to 10 centimeters (2
to 4 inches) ; the record thickness, 25 centimeters (10
inches) , occurred in 1937. The ice breaker "Torus" is
available at Constanta, Rumania.
A total of 263 oceangoing vessels docked at Odessa in
1933. The port handled 3,313,000 registered tons in that
year, including 669,000 tons of overseas shipping.
The prewar port included 5 piers with wharves and 51
berths. In 1944, as many as 15 liberty ships of 7.3 to 8.2
meters draft (24 to 27 feet) could be berthed or anchored
at one time. The port could then accommodate vessels
of up to 10,000 tons and had a monthly capacity of 9,040
metric tons. There were 9 commercial and 4 petroleum
tanker berths available.
Reopening of regular ship service between Odessa and
Izmail was planned in 1945. The five docks and facilities
had been largely repaired by September 1946, although
the northern port area was still being cleared. By April
1947, between 15 and 20 cranes, many of American manu-
facture, were in operation in the harbor.
Odessa has 4 airfields, 2 seaplane bases and 3 landing
fields, the latter without permanent facilities. One of
the latter is suitable for heavy bombers.
2. INTERNAL.?The main section is divided into
fairly regular rectangular blocks, divided by the north -
south and east - west streets. The principal north - south
street leads from the main railroad station (46) and
crosses the principal east - west street, which runs from
the cliffs on the Black Sea to the western outskirts. Blocks
average 150 meters (492 feet) on a side. Streets near the
center of the city are mostly cobblestoned. In the out-
skirts, the blocks are generally rectangular, though ir-
regular in arrangement; the streets are dirt-surfaced and
very dusty in dry weather.
A system of streetcar lines, including seven routes radiat-
ing to the suburbs, was in operation in September 1946.
(d) Industry and commerce.?There is no mining in
the vicinity. Steel and metal products were among the
most important prewar industries, which included the
Dzerzhinskiy rolling mill, the Lenin machine tool shops,
the Vanvarskoye Vostaniye railroad car shops, the Kras-
naya Gvardiya Zavod plant (electric cranes) , and the 16
Parts'-yezda plant (radial drills). An automobile as-
sembly plant was being built in the Peresyp' area in April
1947, at which time some walls were still under construc-
tion, although the plant had already turned out about
4,000 cars.
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Page VIII-26 JANIS 40 Confidential
A floating dock (16) and shipyard (17) were destroyed
during the war.
The Kreking Zavod oil-cracking plant on Shkodova Hill
was built in 1936 and 1937 with equipment from the
United States. Put out of operation by war damage, it
was not operating in March 1947, although expected to
resume production that spring. It then consisted of five
small units with an estimated capacity for less than
5,000 barrels of crude oil daily. However, additional units
were probably to be added.
Chemical plants included a superphosphate plant, which
was damaged during the war and subsequently restored.
In addition to identified industries (4, 5, 7, 11, 38), there
were plants producing munitions, chemicals, and linoleum,
the locations of which are not known.
Odessa is commercially important as the main trans-
shipment point on the Black Sea between the USSR and
the Mediterranean Sea lanes. Its imports include scrap
iron, machines, tools, chemicals, coal, calico, tea, fruit,
cotton, and other goods; exports include grain, petroleum,
lumber, building materials, spirits, sugar, wool, fish, and
cottonseed.
Prewar wheat-storage facilities, mostly at the port, in-
cluded 67 warehouses with a total capacity of 93,550 tons,
two mechanized silo-type warehouses with a capacity of
13,000 tons, and a grain elevator (25) . Two oil-storage
tanks and pumps in the vicinity of the oil basin and pier
had been destroyed by November 1944. Two oil-storage
areas in Peresyp', (8) and (14) , were served by railroad
spurs.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Billeting possibilities in-
clude various identified structures (1, 2, 3,40, 41, 42, 45) ,
the Vorontsov Palace, Shevchenko Park with its former
fortress, five libraries, hotels, and numerous museums.
The city had five hospitals in 1941 (30, 31, 32, 33, 39) .
Beds in maternity hospitals had declined from a prewar
total of 600 to 75 by May 1944, but had increased to 225
by March 1945. The 72 prewar nurseries were all de-
stroyed, but 23 had been reconstructed by March 1945.
None of the 66 prewar industrial first-aid centers were
functioning at the end of the German occupation, but
31 were operating by March 1945.
(f) Utilities.?The city waterworks (9) draws water
from White Lake (Ozero Beloye) , at a point 40 to 45 kilo-
meters (25 to 28 miles) west of the city. A reservoir is
located on the western shore of the lake. With the ex-
ception of the oil basin (12), all docks are supplied with
water from artesian wells. All piers are also provided
with water pumped from the Dnepr river. Good water
was available at the Intourist Hotel in September 1946.
The power plant (10), with a capacity of 35,000 to 50,000
kilowatts, was providing power for only a few hours daily
in April 1947, and complete failures were frequent. There
are also two thermal plants with long-distance connec-
tions. The current is probably alternating, 3-phase, 50-
cycle, and 120/220/380 volts.
The gas works (15) is to be supplemented by a 50-centi-
meter (20-inch) natural-gas pipe line from Kiev, according
to plans existing in April 1947.
(g) Communications.?Odessa is on the main tele-
phone and telegraph network, with lines north to Kolo-
sovka, east-northeast to Nikolayev, north to Pervomaysk,
and north-northwest to Razdel'naya, and has an auto-
matic exchange for 1,500 telephones. The combined post
and telegraph office (29) is connected by a one-strand
underwater cable to Kilyos, in European Turkey.
In addition to a broadcasting station, (the city has a
coastal radio station, a mobile army station, a commercial
airport station, and two intrastate radio-telegraph sta-
tions, which with others total 14 radio stations.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?Most war
damage around the port area had been repaired by Sep-
tember 1946, although some gutted buildings remained.
The heaviest damage occurred in the southwest area,
especially near the intersection of the Bessarabia road and
railroad.
(4) Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) (47?13'N, 39?42'E).
Rostovskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 510,300 in 1939.
(FIGURES VIII-36 and VIII-119, 256)
(a) Importance.?Rostov-na-Donu, a river port and
commercial center, is also the capital of the Rostovskaya
Oblast'. It is not under the jurisdiction of the oblast,
but directly subordinate to the republic government.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city, with an area
of 142 square kilometers (55 square miles), is situated on
the banks of the Don river about 40 kilometers (25 miles)
above the Sea of Azov. The Temernik river flows from the
north into the Don river in the southwestern section of
the city. Elevations range from 20 meters (65 feet) in
the south to 90 meters (295 feet) in the northeastern
sector.
(c) Transportation.?Two railroad lines serve the
city; one runs northeast to Novocherkassk and the other,
the Severo ? Kavkaskaya Railroad, crosses the Don and
Temernik rivers and connects with Bataysk and Tagan-
rog. Four railroad bridges, two of which are steel, span
the Don and Temernik rivers. The main railroad station,
which had a classification yard, was damaged in 1942.
Highways in the area are extremely poor. Three main
roads extend northeast, south, and west from the city.
Bottlenecks are formed in and near the city by highway
bridges (35, 37, and 39) over the Don and Temernik
rivers and by sharp street turns.
The harbor, which accommodates both ocean and river
shipping, is icebound for an average of 107 days, from
the middle of December to the end of March. The water
depth fluctuates considerably and is especially affected
by wind direction. The harbor had moorings for 64 ships.
Estimated prewar capacity of the port was 1,000 tons
monthly. As of January 1944, the estimated monthly
discharge capacity was 1,000 to 2,000 tons with a possible
increase to 10,000 tons within six months. The port is
served by 17 kilometers (10.5 miles) of railroad tracks.
There were repair facilities (36) , especially for small
vessels. The port was seriously damaged by enemy action
and occupation, but the portions most seriously damaged
are reported to have been repaired. River boats with
cargoes of grain, coal, and timber travel up the Don
river to Kalach and up the Donets river to Voronezh.
Rostov-na-Donu is served by four airfields: one, a mili-
tary and commercial airfield 20 kilometers (12.5 miles)
northwest of the city; another (40) in the eastern suburb
of Nakhichevan'; the third (5), a large field equipped with
repair shops, located on the northern edge of the city;
and the fourth, a landing field, southwest of the city. In-
information regarding their present status is unavailable.
(d) Industry and commerce.?The city had numerous
industries in both heavy and consumer products. Among
the heavy industries were shipyards, railroad-car works
(25,000 workers) and car-repair shops (60,000 workers),
and plants for the manufacture of munitions, machinery,
chemicals, cement, lime, and zinc dye. Consumer prod-
ucts included hinges, shoes, textiles, leather goods, fur-
niture, radios, paper, soap, foodstuffs (canned goods,
spirits, canned fish, flour), and tobacco products.
Confidential Original
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
9[11[104#111[19[NOMIIMM
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
FIGURE VIII - 34
ODESSA CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1

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IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Government buildings 24. Platanovskiy Mole
2. High schools, institutes and universities 25. Grain elevator
3. Theaters 26. Old Quarantine Mole
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4. Tanneries 27. Port Captain's Headquarters
5. Slaughter house and stockyard 28. Customhouse
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7. Leather plants 30. University Hospital (and Clinic)
8. Oil Storage 31. Old City Hospital
9. Waterworks 32. Mental Hospital
10. Electric power plant 33. New City Hospital
11. Flour mill 34. Streetcar barns
12. Oil Basin 35. Zastava R.R. freight station
13. Bakhmach R.R. Station 36. Zastava R.R. passenger station
14. Oil storage 37. Freight R.R. station
15. Gasworks 38. Oil pressing plant
16. Floating dock slip 39. Red Cross Hospital
17. Ship yard 40. House of Correction
18. Potapovskiy and Androsovskiy 4L Cadet Corps (school)
19. Pratique Basin 42. Artillery School
20. Navy Mole 43. Nursery Garden
21. Cabotage (coal and costal shipping) Basin 44. Botanical Garden
22. New Mole 45.
23. New Basin 46. Main R.R. Station
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
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CONFIDENTIAL
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Parks (largely
V.721 destroyed)
4-
Pasture
Cemetery
E 11'1 Meadow
Brushwood
LiS1
F1T. Marsh
FEE'..11 Reeds
River
/ Diana
Brook
Bridge
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ROSTOV-NA-DONU CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
0
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Rest Homes
2. Transport Engineers Institute
3. Financial Institute
4. "Rostov" aircraft factory
5. "Rostov IV" airfieki with repair shops
6. "Rostsel'mash" agricultural machinery factory
7. Farm machinery plant with 8,000 kilowatt power plant
B. Market
9. Stadium
10. "Nakhichevan- railroad station
It. Stockyards arid slaughterhouse
12. Power plant
13. Race track
14. Stadium
15. Stadium
16. "First of May" square
17. Hospital
18. Market
19. Hospital
20. Cement mixers plant
21. Metalware factory
22. Stadium
23. Hay market
24. Market
25. Municipal hospital with university clinics
26. Old market
27. Main railroad station
28. Railroad shops
29. "Rabochnaya" square
30. Stadium
31. "Kamyshevakha" ravine
32. Gas works
33. Cement and tile plant
34. Sawmill
35. Ponton
36. Shipyards
37. Ponton highway bridge (10 ton capacity) (destroyed during war)
38. Farm machinery plant
39. Wooden highway bridge (10 ton capacity)(destroyed during war)
40. "Nakhichevan'" airfield
41. Railroad through truss lift bridge (temporary war replacement
east of main bridge)
Numbers Not Circled
1 Hotel 5 Technical School
2 Club 6 Museum
3 Movie 7 Theater
4 High School 8 Monument
? 0 ?
,
'
j
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_ -
iv Landing _
iad station Don
Nakhichevan ' Landing
_ - ?
-railroad station
? OSTROV ZELENY
- .
Street car line Hotel
? ? Trolley busses Club
Identified point ? Movie
= Through street ? High school
Urban areas a Technical school
Industrial areas ? Museum
Steamboat Theater
_ _ routes . Monument
Destroyed areas . Anchorage
I I
Broad gage railroad,
single track
double track
Ill
Combined streetcar
and trolley busses
TO EIPTAYSK 0KM.
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Confidential'
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War damage to industry was severe, but it is reported
that before January 1944 over 100 industrial plants had
been reconstructed within a year. Although complete
information regarding reconstruction is not available,
recent data on a few of the plants have been obtained.
The Molotov Combine, a very large plant producing farm
machinery of all types, is located on the west side of the
Novocherkassk ? Rostov railroad line, about 16 kilometers
(10 miles) east-northeast of Rostov (1944). Another
farm machinery plant, the Rostel'mash, produces a re-
ported 12,000 combines annually, as well as other types
of agricultural machinery. Destroyed during the Ger-
man occupation, the plant was in the process of recon-
struction in 1946. An aircraft factory, No. 168, located
I kilometer (0.6 mile) northeast of Rostov and employing
1,500 workmen, produced approximately 70 single-engine,
two-seater training planes monthly in 1946. The Mek-
hanicheskiy Zavod, a factory for army boats, employs 350
workers. This plant, which is located in the western
section of the city, has been supplied with dismantled
German machinery (1946).
There were two state farms in the vicinity of Rostov-
na-Donu. The area was noted for the breeding of merino
sheep and for fruit growing. The wide belt of orchards
and woods, which protected the city from the dry steppe
winds, was destroyed. By the spring of 1944, 140,000
trees had reportedly been planted to replace those de-
stroyed.
In 1935 there were over 100 warehouses, with a capacity
of 12,000 metric tons and a floor space of 96,000 square
meters (1,033,000 square feet), of which 70' ; was for grain.
Five of these warehouses were of reinforced-concrete con-
struction, with an area of 4,558 square meters (49,000
square feet) each and were located on the left bank of
the Don near the inner basin. They were serviced by
three traveling tower grain loaders, one floating elevator,
one 45-metric-ton crane, and one 13.5-metric-ton crane.
There were also five vegetable storehouses and one cold-
storage plant.
(e) Billeting.?Billeting facilities included hotels,
military schools, and barracks. Many of these buildings
were undoubtedly destroyed or damaged during the war.
(f) Utilities.?By the end of 1943, 150 kilometers (93
miles) of sewers and 250 kilometers (155 miles) of water
FIGURE VIII-35. Rostov-na-Donu.
Experimental work on steam heating the city. The first steam
heating conduits in the USSR are being laid directly in the
ground insulated only by a cheap straw casing. They have
acetylene welded joints. Before 1934.
Original
Page VIII-27
main are reported to have been rebuilt. Before the war
the city had a municipal power plant (12) which has since
been restored, and seven other plants, most of which were
for industrial purposes. Central steam heating was in-
troduced in 1934 (FIGURE VIII-35). The city was supplied
with oil from the Armavir ? Trudovaya pipe line.
(g) Communications.?Communication facilities in-
cluded a post office, a radio-telegraph station, a broad-
casting station and 10 other radio stations. In 1944,
a 35,000-telephone system was repaired.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?The city suf-
fered war damage or destruction to the extent of 1,700,000
square meters (18,300,000 square feet). Plans for recon-
struction included new street routings and the addition
of squares and park. The central area was to be on a
larger scale and to have a number of squares.
(5) Dnepropetrovsk (formerly Yekaterinoslav) (48 27'N,
35 03'E). Dnepropetrovskaya Oblast', Ukrainian SSR.
Population: 500,700 in 1939; estimated at 600,000 in 1946.
(FIGURES VIII-37 and VIII-119, 210)
(a) Importance.?Dnepropetrovsk, the oblast capital,
is the largest lumber center in Ukrainian SSR. It is near
the Donets coal basin, in the vicinity of salt mines and
iron and manganese-ore deposits.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is situated on
the southwest bank of the Dnepr river in the steppe region.
The industrial town of Nizhne-Dneprovsk is across the
river; northeast of the city are two workers' settlements,
Podgorodnoye and Kulebovka.
(c) Transportation.?Railroads connect with Kras-
noarmeyskoye and the Donets coal basin, with Novomos-
kovsk, and with Kherson (241). There are several rail-
road stations (3, 6, 48, 49, 53), and a classification yard.
Two bridges cross the Dnepr river; one a railroad bridge
(72), the other a combined two-level railroad and high-
way bridge (71) . Highways run to Khar'kov 208, Nikopol'
(243) , Zaporozh'ye 250, and Krivoy Rog (242). Other
transportation facilities include a harbor and basin (1) ;
a landing for ships of the State Upper Dnepr Steamship
Company (2) ; and 5 landing fields of which 3 have per-
manent facilities.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Of prime importance
are the metallurgical plants (58, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67). Of the
total prewar production in the USSR of cast iron, steel,
and rolled products 33 was produced in Dnepropetrovsk.
Among new or reconstructed plants in operation since
1944 are the Karl Liebknekht (Trubostal) steel mill (66)
in Nizhne-Dneprovsk; Promparazov locomotive repair
plant; Kalinin coke-chemical plant, with 2,500 square
meters (26,900 square feet) of living space for workers;
and a foundry shop. A large truck factory was started;
production was planned for 30,000 vehicles, but had not
started at the beginning of 1947. An automobile factory
may be in production. Other plants operating before
the war, about which information regarding their present
status is lacking, include the "Lenin" rolling mill (10) ; a
gunpowder and explosive factory; chemical warfare agent
plants; the Petrovskiy metal works (with at least two
blast furnaces) employing 35,000 workers in three shifts
in 1937; Khatayevich plant for smelting equipment; Karl
Marks steel rolling mill (65) ; Spartak spade (rolling)
plant; Komintern and Dzerzhinskiy metallurgical plants;
Molotov paving materials works; railroad car shop; loco-
motive repair shops; and a shipyard. Other industries
were leather, fur, furniture, woodworking, paper food-
stuffs and beverages. Steel pipes were produced for gas
conduits in the Lenin prisoner-of-war camp.
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Commercially, Dnepropetrovsk. is the largest lumber
center in the Ukrainian SSR, and is an important grain
and coal center. There were facilities for fuel storage
(79).
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Barracks (4, 75 to 78) ,
schools, scientific institutes, and hotels provided billeting
facilities. The city had several hospitals and sanatoria,
but information regarding their present status is lacking.
(f) Utilities.?There was a waterworks (20) . A steam
power plant (16) with a capacity of 30,000 kilowatts is
reported.
(g) Communications.?Facilities included post (21) ,
telephone, and telegraph offices, a radio-telegraph station,
and a broadcasting station. In 1944, a new automatic
telephone exchange for 3,000 subscribers was made avail-
able, and a new, powerful broadcasting station was built.
Four other radio stations are in operation.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?Over 4,800
residences and many industrial plants were destroyed, but
by April 1944, 20,000 square meters (23,920 square yards)
had been reconstructed.
(6) Stalino (Hughesovka, Yuzovka, or Yuzovo) (47?58'N,
37?48'E). Stalinskaya Oblast', Ukrainian SSR. Popula-
tion: 462,400 in January 1939; estimated at 462,000 in 1941.
(FIGURES VIII-38 and VIII-119, 252)
(a) Importance.?Stalino, the capital of Stalinskaya
Oblast', is located in rich coal and iron ore fields. Its
industries are chiefly consumers of these minerals.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located in
the western part of the Donets Basin on the unnavigable
Kal'mius river. It occupies about 40 square kilometers
(15 square miles) at a fairly uniform elevation of 110
meters (361 feet) . Public gardens and boulevards cover
an area of 6.5 square kilometers (2.5 square miles) .
(c) Transportation.?Single-track rail lines extend
in four directions. Highways are numerous; excluding
branches formed outside the city, there are at least seven
exit roads. The city has an airfield capable of operational
use by heavy bombers.
In 1939 the city streetcar line totaled 42 kilometers
(26 miles).
(d) Industry and commerce.?Substantial deposits
of coal and iron ore are found in the vicinity. The Lidi-
yevka Donbass mines Nos. 2-7 use mining machines.
Monthly productivity per machine was about 4,207 tons
in 1940 or earlier, was below this figure in February 1947,
but had been increased to 5,890 tons by March 1947.
The principal industries, (including metallurgical and
chemical works) are consumers of coal and iron ore.
A structure with numerous smokestacks, which stood
in the western part of the city in July 1944, is believed to
be the Stalin metal works. Metal-fabrication industries
include a gun factory, a tractor combine, and a machinery
plant. There are two munitions factories. Chemical in-
stallations include a nitrogen plant, a powder and explo-
sives plant, and one plant the specific products of which
are not known.
Light industries include production of shoes and other
leather goods, woodworking, and meat processing.
An underground dynamite storage facility is located
about 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) northeast of the city and 2
kilometers (1.2 miles) west of the main highway. It for-
merly supplied all coal mines in the region. In July 1944,
the only surface structures were a small secret police
(MVD) barracks and watchtowers on each street corner.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Information on these fa-
cilities is lacking. However, it is known that residential
Confidential
structures provided 930,000 square meters (10 million
square feet) of floor space in 1939.
(f) Utilities.?In 1939 the city had a water supply
system comprising 64 kilometers (40 miles) of water
mains, and a sewerage system totaling 35.5 kilometers (22
miles) of pipes. A steam power plant with an installed
capacity of 22,000 kilowatts is reported restored.
(g) Communications.?Stalino is on the telephone-
telegraph network and reportedly has lines north to Avde-
yevka Pervaya, northeast to Parokachka, and south to
Rutchenkovo. An automatic telephone exchange was un-
der construction in 1945. Radio facilities include a broad-
casting station, two intrastate radio-telegraph stations,
and a commercial airport radio station.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?Postwar infor-
mation is generally lacking.
(7) Stalingrad (formerly Tsaritsyn) (43'40'N, 44 30'E).
Stalingradskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 500,000 in
1941; over 300,000 in January 1947; 600,000 (planned).
(FIGURES VIII-41 and VIII-119, 197)
(a) Importance.?Stalingrad was founded in 1615
and began to grow after 1862. Although it is the oblast
capital, the municipality itself is not under the jurisdiction
of the oblast but of the RSFSR. It is a river port, the
greatest lumber-trading center in the Volga area, and an
important manufacturing center.
(b) Physical characteristics.?Stalingrad stretches
for 50 kilometers (31 miles) along the right bank of the
Volga, averages 5 kilometers in maximum width, and is
built partly on bluffs which line the bank. Gullies cut
the area.
(c) Transportation.?There are railroad connections
with Likhaya, the Donets Basin, Sarepta, Povorino, and
with the Caucasus by ferry across the Volga river to a
railroad line. No main highways run through Stalingrad,
but roads intersect from Krasnoarmeyskoye and Kach-
alinskaya. Before the war there were steamer landing
places on the right bank of the Volga river and at least one
airfield. Now there are 8 airfields, 3 of them with perma-
nent facilities.
Rebuilding plans call for rail lines within the city to
run in cuttings below the street level. There were 120
kilometers (74.5 miles) of street railway tracks destroyed,
but these are being replaced by a high-speed electric train
system with local bus line feeders. Within the city, the
replanned streets will follow natural contours rather than
the prewar gridiron pattern. Three main road arteries
connect subdevelopments over a distance of 50 kilometers
(31 miles). The rectangular open space on the embank-
ment at the city's center will be connected to the old city
square by a broad avenue and will become the new civic
center. Main streets are to be 30 meters (98.4 feet) wide
and paved with concrete or asphalt. The lower arterial
road connects the center of the city with the big Stalin-
grad Park and with the industrial section; this road is
closest to the river. The central arterial road connects
the residential areas with the center of the city. The
upper arterial road, running along the western outskirts,
is the main motor road for heavy traffic.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Prewar Stalingrad was
an important industrial center. Most of the industrial
capacity was destroyed during the fighting, but reports
indicate that considerable reconstruction has been done
and in some cases new factories are being built.
The Krasny Oktyabr' metallurgical plant (3) had a
built-up area in November 1941 of approximately 243,000
square meters (2,614,680 square feet) . By November 1944,
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1FIGURE VIII - 37
DNEPROPETROVSK CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
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Page VIII-29
the plant had eight open-hearth furnaces operating. Al-
though destroyed by the Germans, it is gradually being re-
stored. The 1946 goal was reached and the quota of smelt-
ing furnaces was exceeded by 8,600 tons of steel. Open-
hearth furnaces, each of 100-ton capacity, began operating
in 1946, and other sections had begun operating by Janu-
ary 1947.
The Dzerzhinskiy tractor plant (1) produced 5,000 trac-
tors annually; in 1930 there were 5,000 workers. The Sta-
lingrad tractor plant, with slow rehabilitation, had pro-
duced 8,000 tractors by the end of January 1947. In Feb-
ruary and March production was below quota. There
were long delays in receiving equipment. On 20 April
1947, the 10,000th tractor was completed. This plant,
with 12,000 employees, is claimed to produce 35 tractors
per day, 75'/ of prewar production. In June 1947, the
plant appeared to be modern and well-equipped.
Chemical combine No. 91, at Otradnoye on the right
bank of the Volga, 16 kilometers (10 miles) south-south-
west of Stalingrad, had a built-up area of about 37,500
square meters (403,500 square feet) in December 1941.
A shipyard (6) , in operation since 1931, by the end of
1941 produced 120 vessels including large diesel-powered
refrigerator ships and welded oil barges. In spite of dam-
age from bombing, the shipyard remained in operation
during the war repairing tanks and river craft and making
steel turrets. About July 1947, a 3,000-ton river boat was
launched. Planned capacity will exceed prewar level
seven times by 1950.
The Krasnaya Barrikada (2), one of two gun factories,
was restored in 1944. Motor vehicles were produced in
the Gor'kiy works. There were a large oil refinery and
fuel-oil storage installations (4). New shoe factories were
being built in December 1946. Other industries included
soap, leather, lumber, furniture, brick, and flour. There
were two munitions works, a chemical warfare agent plant,
and two tank and combat-car plants.
There are deposits of fire-resistant clay and quartz sand
near the city.
Commercially, Stalingrad has been the lumber center
of the Volga area.
Prewar storage facilities included an artillery arsenal.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Hotels, military schools,
and scientific institutes would provide potential billeting
facilities. There were several hospitals.
(f) Utilities.?During the fighting in Stalingrad, 300
kilometers (186 miles) of water mains were destroyed.
Power plants were destroyed; but some have been re-
stored. The main power plant, located near Beketovka
Station, operated by coal, has been reported restored to a
capacity of 150,000 kilowatts. There is a municipal power
station with a capacity of 30,000 kilowatts (1943) ; two
other industrial power plants totaling 74,000 kilowatts
have probably been restored.
It is planned to use available natural gas along the
Volga river for central heating plants or stations. Gas
will be supplemented by coal and oil, if necessary. Excess
heat from industrial plants will also be utilized.
(g) Communications.?Before the war there were
post and telegraph offices, a radio broadcasting station.
Postwar information shows that there is a new automatic
exchange for 1,000 telephones and three additional radio
stations.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?During the
battle of Stalingrad, in 1942-1943, the city was almost en-
tirely destroyed. However, plans have been formulated
for rebuilding, and reconstruction has already been un-
Original
FIGURE Stalingrad.
Postwar reconstruction. War damage at end of siege (top) ;
restored buildings and streets, with small busses again in oper-
ation (below) . 1943 and 1946.
FIGURE Stalingrad.
Model of proposed replanned civic center, looking eastward. 1946.
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Page VIII-30
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dertaken (FIGURE VIII-39). The civic center is to be re-
vised in an elaborate manner (FIGURE VIII-40).
The city will be divided into units with parks; residen-
tial areas will have direct access to a new embankment
along the Volga river, and the height of buildings along
the embankment and in other sections will be restricted.
Four- and five-storied buildings will be erected in central
sections only; along embankments the average will be two
stories; and houses to be located on the second terrace
will be small.
(8) Riga (Riga) (56?57'N, 24?05'E). Latvia. Popula-
tion: 385,000 in 1935; estimated 480,000 in 1946. (FIGuREs
VIII-43 and VIII-119, 86)
(a) Importance.?Riga, aside from its status as capi-
tal of Latvia, is a cultural and economic center, and the
largest port of that state.
(b) Physical characteristics.?Riga is situated on
both sides of the Daugava (Zapadnaya Dvina) river, 15
kilometers (9.5 miles) above its mouth (at the Gulf of Riga,
Rigas Juras Licis) . The river is about 800 meters (0.5
mile) wide at this point and contains a series of islands.
The Lielupe river empties into the Daugava just below the
city.
Rigas Jarmala (Riga Beach) is located 18 kilometers
(11 miles) westward, between the Gulf of Riga and the
Lielupe river. It consists of the following resorts: Prie-
daMe, Lielupe, Bulduri, Avoti, Dzintari, Majori, Dubulti,
Melluzi, and Asari.
The oldest part of the city of Riga, a fortress until 1857,
is on the right bank. It is distinguished by its two public
squares and its narrow crooked streets (FIGURE VIII-42).
FIGURE VIII-42. Riga.
Center of city looking northwestward. Typical Baltic States
town. Prewar.
The new sections, on both right and left banks, have wider
streets with fewer turns. Church spires are landmarks.
Elevation varies from about 0.2 meters (0.7 feet) along
the river to 10 meters (33 feet) on the east and 15 meters
(49 feet) on the west. The total area of the city is about
211 square kilometers (81 square miles) ; the total area,
excluding water, is about 175 square kilometers (68 square
miles).
(c) Transportation.?Double-track lines * provide
rail service by two routes south-southeast, and by one route
to the southwest. Single-track lines run west and north-
west. A second route to the northwest may be double-
track. All are wide gage. The city had 19 passenger and
freight stations, of which eight have been identified (6, 13,
14, 24, 26, 29, 30, 33). Other important points include the
*More recent information states that in 1947 these lines were
single-track for some distance out of the city.
Confidential
large junction yard and the combined highway and rail-
road bridge (28).
Six highways provide connections northeast, southeast,
south-southeast, south, southwest, and west-southwest.
A seventh extends westward to Riga Jtiirmala. Motor
traffic crosses the Daugava over two bridges (27 and 28).
Although the Daugava river is frozen between December
and February, the flow of traffic is maintained by use of
ice breakers. The prewar harbor could accommodate ves-
sels of up to 7.3-meter (24-foot) draft, and had 5.5 kilo-
meters (3.4 miles) of improved quays with transfer equip-
ment, some with rail connections. In March 1946, the
docks and naval harbor could accommodate ships of up to
8,000 tons. By September of the same year, it was planned
that the entire working area of the wharves (10,000 square
meters, or 107,600 square feet) would be rebuilt in con-
crete. Extensive reconstruction was under way by March
1947. In June, it was reported that increasing amounts
of construction equipment and material were being
shipped from Rostock, and that an unloading platform
had been installed. This project, with an appropriation
of 80 million rubles, is the largest item of Latvia's partici-
pation in the current Five-Year Plan. The plan contem-
plates increasing harbor capacity by 150%, with the addi-
tion of new concrete piers, marine railways, and motorized
loading equipment.
Air facilities at Riga include a field located on the left
bank of the Daugava and west of the city (19) , 2 other
fields, and 2 auxiliary seaplane bases at Ki?evers
Lake) to the north-northeast. Minor airfields also were
located at Bolderaja and at two other places near Riga.
The old city has narrow crooked streets; those in the
newer sections are wider and straighter. Although it is
reported that streetcars are being replaced by trolley
busses, plans existing at the close of 1946 called for ex-
pansion of the streetcar system as a whole. A fleet of 50
cars was to be installed, and improved service was to be
extended to the suburbs of Daugavgriva Jaunciems,
Belluciems, and the cement factory area. A fleet of ferries
was also contemplated. The road to Milgravis had been
asphalted, and a bridge 226 meters (741 feet) in length
was being built at the confluence of the Milgravja Caur-
teka.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Riga's prewar indus-
tries were largely metalworking, electrical, and chemical.
Although industries suffered heavy war damage, the ship-
yards and principal factories had been restored to opera-
tion by the spring of 1947.
Shipbuilding was an important industry. The Latvian
State Shipyards, which produced submarines during the
war, employed 10,000 workers according to the most recent
postwar information. The product at that time was not
known. In addition, two ship-repair yards were in opera-
tion in 1946.
Armament may be produced at several plants. The for-
mer Latvian Tractor Factory, which employs 8,000 work-
ers, was operating on a quota of two T-34 tanks daily in
March 1947. An automobile plant, with 6,000 workers,
was producing the same item. Shop 29, a tank- and trac-
tor-repair plant, was located at the railroad station.
Facilities for rail equipment included the Vairog rail-
road car shops and the Rizhskiy Vagonostroiterny Zavod
trolley-car plant. The latter was rehabilitated by Janu-
ary 1947 and was then engaged in the manufacture of
rolling stock for the new suburban trolley line from Riga
to Rigas Jarmala.
Among other metalworking plants was the Riga bicycle
plant, which had been reconstructed, enlarged, and
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equipped by April 1947. Its quota for that year was 20,000
bicycles, and a planned output of 100,000 annually was to
be achieved by 1950.
A rubber factory located near the railroad station pro-
duces automobile and bicycle tires, rubberized clothing,
and other rubber products.
The electrical and radio industries are of considerable
importance. A large radio and radar factory, located at
the naval port, in its postwar operation employed about a
thousand German prisoner-of-war specialists under strict
supervision. Electrical apparatus was also produced at
the Etalon and Avto-Elektropribor plants.
Chemical plants produced both ammunition (Rizhskiy
Sudoremontny Zavod plant) and pharmaceuticals. A
china factory, located at the edge of town near the Skiro-
tava railroad station, was converted to production of
phosphorus inserts for incendiary bombs, of which it pro-
duced 7 million between October and December 1945.
Prewar industries included leather tanning and shoe
manufacture. The shoe factories were being restored and
new units were being built in December 1946.
Other products included construction materials (as-
phalt, cement, tiles, wood, glass) and consumer goods
(foodstuffs, canned goods, tobacco, textiles, paper) .
Prewar storage included considerable military goods
(arsenals, munitions dumps, quartermaster stores, and
an automotive pool). Refrigeration and storage facilities
were located at the harbor. No specific information is
available as to reconstruction of these facilities; however,
the expansion of port facilities has included construction
of a new warehouse.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?In addition to billeting
facilities at identified points (1, 15, 23, and 25) , there are
12 large hotels, various schools and educational structures,
and the buildings occupied by Latvian ministries and by 21
foreign embassies before Soviet annexation. There are
many boarding houses and about 20 thousand summer cot-
tages at Rigas Jfirmala. A large camp is located at
Kikvers.
In addition to the eight city hospitals (2), there are
tuberculosis and various sanitaria at Rigas Jfirmala.
(f) Utilities.?Information concerning water supply
is limited. There were several prewar water towers.
Six prewar power plants were located in or near Riga:
a) the municipal plant (21) , which had 985 transformers
in its network and produced 88,342,400 kilowatt-hours
in 1937; b) a plant located near Jugla, east of Riga
on the Riga-Tint-2'i highway; c) the Augstprieds plant,
about 23 kilometers (14.3 miles) east of Riga and north of
Ik?kile, exact location unknown; d) the Dobelnieki plant,
27 kilometers (16.8 miles) east of Riga and 6 kilometers
(3.7 miles) north of Ik?kile; e) an underground plant at
Babites Ezers (lake) ; and f) the Kegums power station, on
the Daugava river. Information on war damage is gen-
erally lacking, although the Kegums plant is known to
have been destroyed. The dam and two turbines had been
restored by December 1946, and it was planned to expand
the installation to several times its prewar capacity. This
plant now has a capacity of 51,000 kilowatts. The charac-
teristics of current distribution are: a.c., 3-phase, 50-cycle,
and 220/380 volts.
There were two gas plants before the war.
(g) Communications.?The prewar city had postal,
telegraph, and telephone service. It also had a radio
transmitter (three towers) and a military radio station.
Most of these services have probably been restored. Four
radio stations, including one broadcasting station, are re-
ported (1946) in operation.
Original
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?Riga suffered
extensive war damage, particularly with respect to its port
facilities and industries. Little specific information is
available as to the extent of destruction, but a considerable
amount of reconstruction has been accomplished. In
some instances, plants or facilities will be rebuilt on a
larger scale.
(9) L'vov (Lwow, Lvyv, or Lemberg) (49?56'N, 24?02'E).
L'vovskaya Oblast', Ukrainian SSR. Population: 317,800 in
1937. Population analysis of March 1947: 85% or more,
Russian, 10% Ukrainian, 2% Polish. (FIGURES VIII-44 and
VIII-119, 227)
(a) Importance.?L'vov is the capital of L'vovskaya
Oblast', a commercial center, and important rail junction.
Planned additions to its present industries will make it an
important industrial center.
The university (16) and citadel (17) may serve as land-
marks. In 1931, there were 14,058 dwellings.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located on
the Pel'tev river, a tributary of the Bug, and is surrounded
by wooded mountains. The urban area is about 56 square
kilometers (21.6 square miles) , varying in elevation from
320 meters (1,050 feet) in the north and west to 340 meters
(1,115 feet) in the east, with an intermediate level of 330
meters (1,083 feet) in the south. The older, central sec-
tion is made up of congested structures and narrow wind-
ing streets. The surrounding sections, of more recent
construction, are more spacious, with parks, gardens, and
wide streets. On the outskirts are numerous suburban
developments..
(c) Transportation.?Eight rail lines extend from
L'vov, providing service in most directions. There are
numerous stations (3, 6, 13, 19, 21, 25). The main station
(19) , which had repair shops, locomotive sheds, and vari-
ous other facilities, was destroyed during the war but was
being rebuilt by April 1947.
Six main highways, plus two minor roads (the latter
alternate routes to Kolodruby) , carry traffic in and out of
L'vov.
There were two airfields (military and civilian) before
the war. One field, located 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from
the city, is known to have been destroyed. A new office
building had been constructed and some repairs effected
by April 1947. On this date, a military hangar was re-
ported to have been recently completed at one of these
fields.
An electrified street railway has car barns (18, 20) and
repair shops.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Production of ma-
chines and parts, particularly precision types, was among
the most important prewar industries. The city had both
foundries and producers of finished end products, such as
railroad equipment, small arms, armatures, and files.
Aluminum was also produced.
A large petroleum refinery with storage tanks is served
by a railroad spur.
Chemical production included both commercial or in-
dustrial types and chemical warfare agents (the latter pro-
duced at a plant in Vinniki). An oxygen plant, destroyed
by the Germans, was fully restored by April 1947, and a
new branch had been planned for carbide production.
Various other factories produced paper, soap, bricks, tex-
tiles, shoes, alcohol, and ceramics, including enamelware.
Among food products were flour (three motorized mills) ,
beer, canned goods, sugar, and margarine.
L'vov will become an important industrial center if the
objectives of the Fourth Five-Year Plan are realized. First
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priority is being given to expansion of machine-construc-
tion facilities, with emphasis on construction of precision
and electrotechnical machines. Other projected plants
will assemble automobiles and agricultural machinery and
produce electric light bulbs and telephone-telegraph
equipment.
Prewar L'vov was an important commercial center, deal-
ing in agricultural products, petroleum, and lumber.
Storage facilities included two storehouse areas, food and
clothing warehouses, oil storage installations, a large
powder magazine, and two large munitions-storage in-
stallations.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Prewar billeting facili-
ties included a number of barracks (three infantry, two
cavalry, two artillery, and at least one each armored, en-
gineering, quarantine, police and secret service). Eleven
additional places including a hospital, fairground, sta-
dium, and sports fields, were used for quartering troops.
Military and police command buildings were also avail-
able. Structures of political use included the Party Build-
ing, the city and oblast administration buildings, and the
city hall. Schools, institutes, and the university occupied
other structures (including a university library) . Vari-
ous other possibilities included the museum, the railroad
administration building and the hotels.
In prewar times six hospitals, one military, plus a sana-
torium and university clinics were available for billets.
(f) Utilities.?The prewar water supply system was
destroyed but was fully restored by November 1946 accord-
ing to a report which also described the system as having
42.4 kilometers (26.3 miles) of incoming mains, a distri-
bution network of 215 kilometers (133.5 miles) , 7 water-
supply stations, and a capacity of 35,000 cubic meters
(9,000,000 gallons) daily (a supply of 100 liters, or 26.4
gallons, per person).
The municipal power plant (24) had a prewar capacity
of 25,900 kilowatts and transmitted 5,500-volt current. A
report of November 1946 claims complete restoration of
prewar capacity, including two substations (serving trol-
leys) with a general capacity of over 5,000 kilowatts. It is
planned to increase the municipal plant capacity to
444,000 kilowatts, and to provide reserves by construction
of a new L'vov-Borislavskiy power circuit.
Other prewar power plants were operated in conjunction
with a railroad (560 kilowatts) , a shoe factory (113 kilo-
watts) , and a brewery (208 kilowatts).
The city gas works and distributing stations were built
in 1858. Gas supply was doubled in 1941 following con-
struction of a supply pipe line 75 kilometers (46.6 miles) in
length and 30 centimeters (12 inches) in diameter. Dis-
tribution is effected through two high-pressure pipe lines,
one for industrial and central heating, the other for gen-
eral use. Daily gas supply is reported to have increased
from 60,000 cubic meters (2.1 million cubic feet) in 1939 to
500,000 cubic meters (17.7 million cubic feet) by early
1947.
The present situation with respect to water, power, and
gas supply is probably not as favorable as reported, since
observers have stated that all three services are inade-
quate.
(g) Communications.?L'vov is a main switching sta-
tion on the main telephone-telegraph netWork, with nine
lines as follows: 1) north to Zholkhva, 2) northeast to
Kamenka-Bugskaya, 3) east to Krasne, 4) southeast to
Potutory, 5) south-southeast to Rogatin, 6) south to Stryy,
7) southwest to Rudki, 8) west to Przemysl, and 9) west-
southwest to Yavorov. A new automatic telephone ex-
Confidential
change was completed in 1945. The post and telegraph
offices are supplemented by branch offices.
Wireless facilities include radio-telegraph, three broad-
casting stations, and four official radio stations for air
service.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?War damage
was not extensive; the main railroad station, an airfield,
and some scattered buildings were destroyed.
(10) Zaporozh'ye (formerly Aleksandrovsk) (47048'N,
35?11'E). Zaporozhskaya Oblast', Ukrainian SSR. Popu-
lation: 289,200 in January 1939; 290,000 in 1941. (FIG-
URES VIII-46 and VIII-119, 250)
(a) Importance.?Zaporozh'ye, the capital of its
oblast, was a prewar center of the metallurgical industry,
with one of the largest steel mills in the USSR.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city occupies an
area of 128 square kilometers (49 square miles) on the left
bank of the Dnepr river near the Dnepro-GES power plant
and the dam (2, 1) . Elevation varies from about 16 me-
ters (52 feet) on the river bank to 50 meters (164 feet) in
the southeast and 70 meters (230 feet) in the northeast.
The street pattern is generally gridiron, with consider-
able irregularity in the older sections. Some housing de-
velopments are modern in style (FIGURE VIII-45) .
FIGURE VIII-45. Zaporozh'ye.
Type "D" residential area, showing typical modern construction
and design. Note open areas.
(c) Transportation.?Railroads extend in four direc-
tions and make use of five stations (5 to 9) . There are sev-
eral railroad bridges, plus a combination railway-highway
bridge (4) . In September 1942, it appeared that the mid-
dle span of the combination bridge had been destroyed.
A main highway from the north provides connections
south and east-southeast. The Dnepr dam (1) is used as
a street and railroad bridge, and several smaller struc-
tures span a canal and the Dnepr tributaries.
A canal with locks (3) enables large ships to pass the
otherwise impassable rapids at the Dnepr dam. A 'mili-
tary harbor and an airfield (10) are the only other known
prewar transportation facilities. In 1946 there were 5
airfields, 4 with permanent facilities.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Zaporozh'ye was a cen-
ter of prewar metallurgical industry, with production of
iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and manganese. The
Zaporozhstal' steel plant (12) , one of the largest in the
country, was reportedly being re-equipped with machines
and equipment from Leningrad in May 1947. Electric
furnaces were in use before the war, and a new power plant
was nearly completed in June 1947. According to a 1946
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channels of the river and, south of the left bank, by several
canals; it is often referred to as the "Venice of the North."
Leningrad was Tsarist Russia's first seaport and, in spite
of the development of Murmansk 3, is still the main sea
outlet to the Atlantic for the USSR.
Prior to World War I, Leningrad was the most important
manufacturing center of the Empire. Notwithstanding
the Soviet expansions elsewhere, especially in the Moscow
area and in the Urals, Leningrad is still a major manu-
facturing center with a ring of industrial plants circling
the densely built-up central portions. Much of this is
heavy industry and includes a number of shipyards and
naval shipbuilding plants.
Eleven railroad routes enter the city area and converge
on five terminals. A large port is still under development
to the southwest. Main highways radiate north into the
Karelian Isthmus, south to Moscow, and southwest into
the Baltic SSR's.
From the winter of 1941 through 1942, the prewar popu-
lation of the city was reduced, through evacuation, death,
and disease, to bel iv 2,000,000 people. However, by 1946,
the population had been restored to some 2,800,000, and it
is contemplated that the population will increase to
3,500,000. For new construction, the planned maximum
population will be 49,400 persons per square kilometer,
with a maximum average for the entire city of 59,300 (200
and 240 persons per acre, respectively) . Because the area
of Leningrad is limited this density is considerably greater
than that of Moscow.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city lies on the
delta of the Neva river and spreads 10 kilometers (6 miles)
north of the Fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul (104) and
11 kilometers (7 miles) south-southeast; the city is about
half as wide as it is long. The Neva river enters the city
in a northerly direction and makes an abrupt right-angle
bend to the west before it fans out into the delta. The
entire area is low, varying from sea level to 5 meters (16
feet) in the southern and eastern sections, and to 10
meters (33 feet) in the northern section. Low-lying por-
tions are liable to flooding in the autumn. In the harbor
area to the southwest, considerable made-land exists. The
only high land lies to the south-southwest around Nizh-
nyeye Kovrovo, 18 kilometers (11 miles) from the Fortress
of St. Peter and St. Paul (104) . This land, on which stood
the now-destroyed Leningrad Observatory, was used by the
Germans as their artillery observation point. The built-
up area of Leningrad is small, approximately 59 square
kilometers (23 square miles) , as compared with Moscow.
Prewar Leningrad was limited in its open areas. Small
sections in the badly damaged areas are being converted
into parks, especially along the river fronts (FicarBE
VIII-94) .
(c) Transportation
1. EXTERNAL
a. Rail.?Leningrad, as the second most impor-
tant city in the entire USSR, is the center of a network
of lines of the Oktyabr'skaya Railroad radiating in all
directions. Tracks leaving the five passenger terminals
(82, 149, 176, 206, 227) , of which four are located in the
southern or main city area, separate into 11 routes, includ-
ing the main line to Moscow 107, and the important route
to Murmansk 3. Within the city, intercommunication
across the Neva river is provided by a single-track railroad
bridge (189) with a contiguous elevated structure (TABLE
VIII-12), which forms part of the semicircular belt line
serving all routes and connects with the harbor and the
major manufacturing plants. Facilities for handling
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freight are located at strategic points, with special em-
phasis on rail-ship transshipment. Several large storage
areas are also served by this belt line (Chapter VII, 71).
b. Road.?Five main highways, including the im-
portant route southeast to Moscow 107, radiate from the
city. Within the city through routes are plentiful and
main streets are generally well-planned to avoid bottle-
necks. However, the waterways require many bridges
(Chapter VII, 72).
c. Water.?Besides being a major seaport serving
the USSR through the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean trade
routes, Leningrad is also a major port on the inland water-
ways of European USSR. In 1945 the Northwestern
Steamship Line had 16 passenger lines, and the volume of
freight carried was increasing rapidly. Direct water com-
munications at that time existed between Leningrad and
Lake Ladoga (Ladozhskoye Ozero) and the Volga. It was
expected that when the Svir' river facilities had been re-
stored, considerable additional freight would be carried
(Chapter VII, 73) .
d. Air.?The city is served by three airports in its
immediate vicinity, two of which are equipped to receive
seaplanes. Three other airfields are located in the sur-
rounding area (Chapter XII).
FIGURE Leningrad.
View northeastward across the Neva showing Lt. Shmidt Bridge.
(22) ; Academy of Fine Arts, background.
2. INTERNAL
a. Streets.?Leningrad is fairly regularly laid out
and is monumental in character. A uniform skyline has
been adhered to with spires and domes as landmarks. The
southern portion consists of a basic radial-circumferential
pattern of main streets with the Admiralty Building (123)
FIGURE VIII-86. Leningrad.
Kamenostrovskiy Prospect, looking south-southeastward, showing mosque with minarets, streetcars, and busses. Before 1940.
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as the focal point. The northern portion, due to the many
waterways and irregularly shaped islands, is not so regu-
larly planned. The Vasil'yevskiy section follows generally
a regular gridiron.
Within the limits of the city, there are more than 400
bridges. The most important ones, over the Neva and
Bol'shaya Neva rivers, permit large ships to pass (TABLE
VIII-12 and FIGURE VIII-85).
The streets in the urban areas appear to be well-paved.
The main streets are wide (FIGURE VIII-86) , and capable
of handling six traffic lanes in addition to the pair of
streetcar tracks usually located in the center portions.
In 1939, 1,800,000 square meters (2,152,800 square yards)
of streets and squares had been asphalted. The right
bank of the Neva, as well as the banks of the Obvodnyy
Kanal, were improved with granite and concrete facings.
b. Transit.?The streetcar system was being re-
placed by trolley busses in 1934, but the extent of the
change-over is not known. At that time there were some
2,400 streetcars (FIGURES VIII-85 to VIII-89) , including
freight streetcars, and busses. The railroads serve Lenin-
grad with a commuter service, and many stations are
located in the immediate environs and suburbs (PLAN 30).
In 1947 preliminary construction had been started upon
the first section of a new subway system. This will re-
quire the use of the tunnel-and-shield method of con-
struction owing to the marsh nature of the area. The
tunnel, at a depth of approximately 60 meters (197 feet) ,
passes below the Kirov plant, the Narva Gates, the War-
saw Station, Litgniy Prospekt, and Finlyandskiy railroad
FIGURE VIII-87. Leningrad.
A roofed, freight trolley car.
FIGURE VIII-88. Leningrad.
Streetcars satisfactorily constructed with wooden facings by the
Leningrad Municipal Railroad to conserve metal.
Original
FIGURE VIII-89. Leningrad.
Summer trailer-type streetcar (interior view). Before 1934.
station toward Ozerki, where it comes to the surface. The
position and direction of the tunnel suggests a possible
connection with underground defenses and workshops of
Kolomyagi airdrome. Exact alinements of the proposed
routes are not known.
(d) Industry and commerce.?In spite of the siege
and consequential dislocations to manufacturing, the city
of Leningrad was able to keep its munitions plants and
those converted to the production of war materiel in some
degree of operation. The Kirov heavy machinery plant
(261) never stopped production, notwithstanding the fact
that the Germans were less than two miles from its gates.
Although considerable damage was received by all indus-
try, 1,000,000 square meters (10,764,000 square feet) of
industrial space had been restored by the end of 1944, soon
after the siege was raised. Reports indicate that the res-
toration and reconstruction has been continued. The
major plants are listed in TABLE VIII-13.
The Stalin metal works, on the right bank of the Neva,
3/4 mile above Liteyny Bridge, planned six turbines for the
Dnepr hydroelectric power station. Four turbines, includ-
ing one each of 25,000, 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000 horse-
power, had been produced by July 1947; the last two were
due in 1948. A system of interchangeable units for vari-
ous turbine sizes has been developed. These turbines are
claimed to be more efficient than American-made sets in
use at the Dnepr plant before the war.
The Kirov metal works and machine shop, northwest of
the city, had been reconstructed in 1945, and made seven
powerful electric cranes for the Zaporozhstal plant. Ad-
ditional plants include the Sevkabel which produced
20,000 meters of high-voltage cable for Zaporozhstal; the
Ekonomaizer Zavod which manufactures turbo pumps for
Zaporozhstal and other plants; Elektroapparat which man-
ufactures electrical and rubber-technical goods. By 1945,
the capacity of the Elect rosila, for electrical equipment and
machinery works, had been restored to prewar level.
High-grade shoes are being made in a new shop in the
Proletarskaya Pobeda factory. Shoes of a poorer quality
are produced in the relatively modern Skorokhod factory,
the largest in production in the USSR. The daily prewar
production was 80,000 pairs; 40,000 pairs were produced in
one day in 1947. In June 1947, the annual production
had reached 5,800,000 pairs, with 16,000,000 pairs planned
by 1950.
By November 1946, the Zhelyabov textile factory was
completely reconstructed and had 1,500 weaving looms in
operation. Among other plants, the Progress plant which
was evacuated has since been returned and by June 1946
was producing nearly 1,000 microscopes monthly, includ-
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TABLE VIII- 13
SELECTED IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL PLANTS IN LENINGRAD
Plant
Number and condition of
main buildings
Total
estimated
area of
buildings
R.R. connections
(all Oktyabr'skaya
R.R.)
Product
PLAN 30
Reference no.
Ordnance depot No. 5 11 and many small (2 bad-
ly damaged, 1 destroyed,
summer 1942)
Aircraft tuselage plant No. 7 30 plus 1 large and 36 small
under construction; sev-
eral small; 79 in all
Sq. meters
73,800
56,950
Connection with ad-Munitions and
jacent Finlyandskiy ordnance material
freight station (84)
Alongside track to Airplane fuselage
Sestvoretsk; also parts and assembly
direct connection
with North Military
84
26
Airport (14)
Krasny Vyborshets ("Voro-13 including 1 acid tank (20
shilov") copper and alumi-m. dia.) ; small buildings
num plant
71,650
None. Wharf on Smelter, foundry,
Neva river rolling mill, and
small finished parts
171
Krasny Treugornik rubber 13 and many small, approx.
and asbestos factory 25% damage (1942)
146,700
Connection with belt Natural rubber
line
226
Pyrokholin high-explosive Over 100 scattered; maga-
74,000
Connection with line High explosives
41
plant zine
to Ladozhskoye (including TNT)
Ozero
Okhtenskiy Khimkombinat Over 100 scattered
high-explosive plant and
58,800
Connection with belt High explosives
line
20
R.R. station
Krasny Khimik Chemical Over 40 with evidences of
40,255
Connection with Bal- Heavy chemicals and
255
plant No. 15 some damage (summer
1942)
tiyskiy R.R. station poison gases
yards
Marti Shipyard 12 plus some small; 2 ship-
ways, 2 docks
54,900
None Small and large ships
172
Kirov heavy machinery 17 large, many small.
352,670
Connection with belt Heavy machinery and
261
plant (This plant was under
continual artillery fire
during siege, but never
stopped production)
line to harbor equipment. (One
of biggest plants in
USSR)
OGPU optical plant 1 large (42,700 sq. m,),
about 20 small; some
damage
51,850
Connection with ad- Optical instruments
jacent Finlyand-
skiy freight station
40
Borshevik armaments plant 17 large, with smaller units
108,800
Connection with main Large munitions
line to Moscow plant
279
Ordzhonikidze Baltiyskiy Over 30 large with small
shipbuilding yard buildings, 5 shipways, 1
drydock
142,900
None Small and medium
ships (drydock can
handle large ships)
170
CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 square meter=10.76 square feet.
ing biological and metallographic microscopes; an output
of 2,500 microscopes per month was planned by the end
of 1947. In 1945, however, large shipbuilding plants at the
mouth of the Neva river were idle and no reconstruction
was in evidence. The manufacture of arms and ammuni-
tion is carried on in the Lepse and Kr. Vyborzhets plants.
Steel plants include the Bolshevik machine shop, and the
Lenmetallurgstroy and Mopr plants. Machine shops in-
clude the Kalinin Works No. 4; the Sverdlov for tools;
ll'yich grinding-machine shop; Leningrad shops for lathes
and automatic machines; Stankopribor; and the Engles
machine building plant. The Molotov plant manufac-
tures armatures. Finally there is a Yegorova railroad car
shop, and a Okt'yabe-revolyutsiya locomotive works.
The importance of the city as a rail-ship transshipment
point necessitates a number of storage areas: bulk (19,
259, and harbor area) ; cold storage (198, 204, 219, 221,
228, 231, and 251) ; oil and fuel (5, 93, 236, and 273);
Confidential .
military (83, 114, 159, 207, 209, 234, and 239) ; and muni-
tions (8, 9, and 15).
(e) Billeting and hospitals.-Leningrad's importance
as a military base required the erection of many military
establishments (7, 24, 38, 60, 62, 80, 94, 96, 98, 99, 104, 120,
123 to 128, 130, 136, 152, 158, 159, 161, 173, 175, 195, 202,
208, and 250). Estimated ground area for available stor-
age and billeting space is as follows:
SQUARE METERS
SQUARE FEET
Bulk storage
1,690
18,190
Food storage
2,970
31,980
Solid fuel
130
1,390
Liquid fuel
2,550
27,460
Explosives
4,065
43,775
Barracks
11,460
123,355
Educational and similar
buildings
6,060
65,240
Garages
1,000
10,765
Open areas (Hippodrome
and Kirov plant stadium)
1,160
12,505
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CITIES AND TOWNS
Page VIII-63
Prewar Leningrad had 60 hospitals with an estimated
21,000 beds. Some of these structures (1, 2) are quite
large.
(1) Utilities
1. WATER SUPPLY.?Before the war, there were three
waterworks and a new pipe line from Lake Ladoga under
construction. At that time there were 32 fire stations with
130 pieces of fire apparatus (FIGURE VIII-90).
FIGURE VIII-90. Leningrad.
A new fire watchtower. Before 1934.
2. SEWAGE AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL.?Leningrad is
noted for its cleanliness and its use of sanitary facilities.
As early as 1934 a municipal system of garbage collection
was in operation (FIGURE VIII-91) . However, sewage
drains into the Neva river and the city's several canals
(FIGURE VIII-92).
3. POWER.?A steam power plant at Dubrovka of
200,000 kilowatt capacity, approximately 32 kilometers (20
miles) east-southeast of Leningrad, supplies electric cur-
rent to the city. Six additional hydroelectric power plants
with total capacity of 488,000 kilowatts supply the Lenin-
grad transmission system. Beside current brought in by
high-voltage transmission lines, there are 14 steam power
plants and at least two transformer stations within the
city's area (25, 43, 146, 168, 174, 183, 199, 225, 260, 278;
284).
4. Gs.?In 1945 a four-year program for expansion
and restoration of the Leningrad gas-fuel supply system
was under way. Utilization was to be made of the exten-
sive shale-oil deposits south and west of the city in Estonia
and Leningradskaya Oblast'. Twenty-four shale-oil pits
were to be restored and placed in service; three plants in
the above area for the extraction of gas were to be con-
Original
FIGURE VIII-91. Leningrad.
Waste-disposal container for courtyards centered in groups of
residential buildings. Before 1934.
FIGURE VIII-92. Leningrad.
Laying of the new sewer at the Krasnyy Oktyabr Stadium.
Before 1934.
structed; 530 kilometers (330 miles) of new pipe lines built,
and 150 to 170 kilometers (95 to 105 miles) of pipe lines
in the existing network restored. In addition, new gas
tanks and gas-distributing stations were to be built, and
vast quantities of equipment for the use of this fuel man-
ufactured. An expansion program was planned to pro-
vide gas facilities for 60,000 apartments (dwelling units)
in 1946, 150,000 in 1947, and a minimum of 275,000 in
1948.
Plans are proposed for central heating plants with coal
and peat-gas as fuel. For the latter, a peat-gas factory is
to be built 5 kilometers (40 miles) from the city.
(g) Communications.?Leningrad is one of the main
centers of the telephone-telegraph network. In addition
to long distance connections, there were several automatic
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exchanges for local service. The war disrupted communi-
cations, but by the middle of 1944 telegraph and telephone
connections to Moscow, Novgorod-Pushkin, Pavlosk-
Gatchina, and Viipuri had been restored. There are also
submarine cable connections with Helsinki, Finland, and
Liepaja, Latvia. Two broadcasting stations are reported,
also 8 experimental stations, and 27 other radio stations.
(It) War damage and reconstruction.?A report fol-
lowing the raising of the siege stated that every building
had received at least one hit. Beside bomb hits, there were
150,000 artillery hits Of all calibers. The shelling came
from both the German lines at short range from south of
the city and the Finnish lines to the northeast of Sestro-
retsk (25) . Living quarters for 700,000 persons, or 25Y('
of the total, were destroyed.
Restoration of the city began almost at once. By 1944,
908,000 square meters (9;774,000 square feet) of residential
dwellings had been restored. A 10-year reconstruction
plan is presently in progress, with much of the labor being
supplied by German prisoners of war. The new building
of the City Soviet in the southern portion of Leningrad,
which was approximately 80% complete before the war,
will not be finished until all destroyed buildings in the city
proper have been removed. Center portions of blocks in
the congested central area of the city (FIGURE VIII-9) are
being cleared away to give more light and air, and to
reduce the dense population in these sections. However,
the present classical aspect of the central area will not
disappear even though modern buildings are being con-
structed (FIGURE VIII-93). Prewar large apartments of
10 to 11 rooms, reminiscent of Tsarist days, are being re-
placed with small 3.- and 4-room apartments. These are
being built in superblocks with open park areas in the
FIGURE VIII-93. Leningrad.
General view looking eastward, showing the Admiralty Building.
center. New structures are to be five or six stories high
(FIGURE VIII-94).
(3) Gor'kiy (Gorkii, Gorky, formerly Nizhniy Novgorod)
(56?20'N, 44?00'E). Gor'kovskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Popu-
lation: 644,100 in 1939; estimated at 650,000 in 1941 and
900,000 in 1946. (FiouREs VIII -98 and VIII-119, 56)
(a) Importance.?Gor'kiy is the capital of its oblast,
but itself is under direct jurisdiction of the RSFSR. The
area has generally good transportation facilities, with
access by rail, road, water, and air. It has a considerable
amount of heavy industry and is a center of the USSR's
automotive industry.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is situated at
the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers. It occupies
approximately 26 square kilometers (10 square miles) at
an average elevation of 60 meters (197 feet). The largest
and most beautiful section is located in the Dyatkovy
Mountains, which rise 120 meters (394 feet) above the
level of the Volga (FIGURE VIII-95). The business and in-
FIGURE Gor'kiy
View northwestward across the Oka over the old business section.
Note high bank at left and low bank at right. Bridge has been replaced by new ferro-concrete structure. Before 1937.
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Page V111-65
KEY TO MAP
A
1. Ostrov Vasi]lyevskiy 5. Okhtinskiy Bridge
2. Ostrov Petrovskiy 6. Ouvorov Prospect
3. Finlyandskiy Station 7. Nevskiy Prospect
4. Smol'ninskiy Rayon 8. Dzerzhinskogo Street
VIEW 8
%
SECTIONS will be opened up by a number of ambitious
projects. View A shows the future green area between
Finlyandskiy Station and the Neva River. The embankment
will be widened and a boulevard built along the water's
edge. Several nearby streets,'now sealed off, will be breached
for freer circulation. The station will be given a new facade.
View B shows the new Okhtinskiy Prospect which cuts
through from the Okhtinskiy Bridge (lower left) to the heart
of the business section and served to shorten and straight-
en mid-town transportation. Demolition for the Prospect has
been completed and construction work will soon begin.
View C shows the new plaza and square at an important
intersection along the Suvorov Prospect designed in the
shop of architect Igor Ivanovich Fornin. Here the uniform
building height is particularly noticable. This regulation is
intended to emphasize the monuments and famous spired
buildings such as the Admiralty and St. Isaac's Cathedral,
Original
VIEW C
FIGURE VIII-94. Leningrad.
Plans for opening up strategic arteries during reconstruction of seriously damaged areas.
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JANIS 40
ConfidenFial
FIGURE VIII-96. Gor'kiy.
Looking northward over highway bridge across the Oka.
dustrial section is at a lower level, on the shores of the
Oka and Volga. The Kanavino section, located on the
left bank of the Oka, is adjacent to the factory area and
the site of the Nizhniy Novgorod fair grounds (4), which
were formerly an international meeting place in an an-
nual fair.
The city as a whole is notable for its churches, cathe-
drals, monasteries, and mosques. It also has an astro-
nomical and meteorological observatory.
(c) Transportation.?Broad-gage railroads extend
from the city in four directions. The line to Kirov makes
use of two bridges in the immediate vicinity, one over the
Volga (5) and one over a lake, a short distance northward.
FIGURE VIII-97. Gor'kiy.
New main street in the foreground. Reinforced concrete bridge
across the Oka in background. About 1937.
Confidential
About 1937.
One superhighway leads westward to Moscow; lesser roads
lead in four other directions. A modern reinforced-
concrete highway bridge (3) over the Oka river joins the
older section to the new industrial section between the
rivers (FIGURE VIII-96). A modern highway connects the
bridge with the upper city (FIGURE VIII-97). The city is
served by seven airfields, five of which have permanent
facilities.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Gor'kiy is noted as a
center of the automotive industry. The Molotov plant
(1), which produces motor cars, tractors, and parts, has
been working to meet civilian requirements since 1944.
Under the current Five-Year Plan, motor-car production
by 1950 is to reach 300,000 units annually, or 60% of Soviet
automobile production.
Steel mills include the Krasnaya Etna rolling mill (11)
and the Kaganovich high-test-steel mill in Sormovo. The
Krasnoye Sormovo plant No. 92 in Sormovo produces rail-
road cars and locomotives. There are two shipyards, the
Krasnoye Sormovo (14) and the Teplokhod (6). The lat-
ter is equipped with a foundry. Various other shipyards
produce river steamers and tankers, or serve as repair
shops. Metal-working shops include the Dvigatel' Revol-
yutsii works in Kanavino which produces machine tools,
and the Kaganovich gear-cutting shop (13).
One plant produces chemical warfare agents. The new
Katrola Kau plant was experimenting in production of
nylon in 1947. A methanol and alcohol plant was to start
production by the close of the year. It was reported that
workers at the latter plant were from the Leuna works in
Germany; equipment probably was also removed from
Germany.
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OR'KIY CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
TO KIROV 455 KM.
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Page VIII-71
lurgical plant employed 10,000 workers in 1937 and the
Ordzhonikidze plant employed 3,000.
Facilities of direct use for production of war goods in-
clude two small arms plants, No. 7 (16, 24) and No. 2, the
latter with 300 workers. Hand grenades have been pro-
duced at the Kirov machine tool plant No. 60, which em-
ployed 4,000 workers in 1934 and produced grinding and
milling machines and lathes. Explosive-type munitions
are also produced at No. 6 cartridge plant (26) and at a
powder and explosives plant. No. 10 airplane motor plant,
which employed 15,000 workers in 1940, also produces opti-
cal and other precision apparatus.
Among the other metal-fabrication industries are a loco-
motive factory producing units with gas generators and
diesel motors, also narrow-gage locomotives; railroad car
shops, a farm machinery plant, and a samovar factory,
which resumed operation, in 1945, with an estimated ca-
pacity of 10,000 per annum.
There is one newspaper printing plant.
The Prilepsk state stud farm is located nearby.
The principal items of trade are hemp, grain, silk goods,
leather, furs, and sugar.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Billeting facilities in-
clude a museum, a theater, a hotel, the bishop's palace
occupied by Secret Service, a military aviation school, sum-
mer camp for armored troops, and barracks (10, 18, 25) .
Medical installations include a hospital (9) and an eye
clinic.
(f) Utilities.?The city is provided with a water-supply
system, a sewerage system, a thermal power plant with
capacity of 60,000 kilowatts, and a gas works (20).
(g) Communications.?Facilities include post, tele-
phone and telegraph offices, and two radio stations (29) .
One other radio station serves the commercial airfield.
(10) Astrakhan' (46?22'N, 48?05'E). Astrakhanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 253,000 in 1939. (FIGuREs
VIII-105 and VIII-119, 259)
(a) Importance.?Astrakhan' is the capital of Astrak-
hanskaya Oblast' and a port on both the Caspian Sea and
the Volga river. It is the largest fish-trading center of the
USSR and a center for trade with Iran and the Far East.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located on
Dolgiy Ostrov, an island in the Volga, 90 kilometers or
56 miles above its estuary at the Caspian Sea. The Kutum
river, which divides the city in two sections, is connected
to the Volga by a canal. An important feature is the
Kremlin at the center of the city.
Disadvantages of the location include a climate which
is not considered healthful, and a low elevation which
results in annual flooding of a large part of the city. The
city is 22 meters (72 feet) below sea level. The land-
locked Caspian Sea, already well below sea level, is contin-
uing to recede. The area of Astrakhan' is approximately
25 square kilometers (9.7 square miles).
(c) Transportation.?The only existing direct rail
connection extends north-northwest. The postwar time-
table indicates that a branch line from the Rostov ? Baku
route has been completed from Kizlyar to the Volga.
North of Astrakhan' there is a ferry connection.
All road connections are reportedly in very poor condi-
tion. The principal road runs northwest; others extend
to points in the Caucasus.
Because of the shallowness of the Volga at its delta,
ocean vessels must anchor in the "Astrakhan' Roadstead,"
about 180 kilometers (112 miles) from Astrakhan' and 90
to 97 kilometers (56 to 60 miles) from land. The harbor
is frozen from the latter part of November to the begin-
Original
fling of March. During the summer, regular steamer
service is provided up the Volga to Goekiy and Shcher-
bakov (formerly Rybinsk).
Port facilities include 48 wharves along the Volga with
aggregate berthing space of 3,650 meters (11,974 feet),
and an average depth alongside of 5.5 meters (18 feet).
Numerous cranes and telphers are available (JAms 41,
Chapter VI, Topic 64, C) .
The city has 4 airfields. One was undergoing extensive
improvement in October 1946, and one has a seaplane
landing.
No information is available on streets or internal forms
of transportation.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Shipyards comprise
much of the town's industrial facilities. Two shipyards
known by name are the Third International and Krasnaya
Kuznitsa yards. Others include a small naval yard, a
large shipbuilding yard, and a shipyard and docks built
in 1938.
The fish combines (6) compose another major industry.
One factory, built in 1935, has a capacity output of 80
million cans annually, plus a daily output of 55 tons
of frozen fillets. There is also a meat-canning industry.
Sawmills (7) and wood products, including barrels, are
of some importance. Chemical production includes chem-
ical warfare agents. There are railroad car repair shops
and some metalworking facilities. Some of the other in-
dustries produce soap, confections, textiles (cotton and
silk) , glass products (bottles) , leather products (shoes) ,
flour and baked goods, distilled liquors, beer, and non-.
alcoholic beverages.
The principal items of trade are fish and fish products
(including caviar) , salt, petroleum products, cotton,
grapes, and melons.
Although some good warehouses, including two large
cold-storage plants, were available in 1941, equipment
was mostly outdated. There were also oil-storage facilities
(1)
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Possible billeting facili-
ties may be found at various hotels, museums, galleries,
scientific institutions, public buildings, and the theater.
There are at least three hospitals (2).
(1) Utilities.?The city has a waterworks (11) , the
details of which are not known. Information on the sew-
erage system is lacking. One steam power plant with
100,000-kilowatt capacity serves the city; two power plants,
in addition to supplying electric power, serve the sur-
rounding area with heat; a fourth power plant serves the
shipyard. Astrakhan' is the point of origin of an oil pipe
line to Saratov and Kazan'.
(g) Communications.?The city is on the main tele-
phone-telegraph network. It is served by two lines, one
northward to Delta and Verkhniy Baskunchak, the other
westward to the European Caucasus.
Radio broadcasting station RW-35 has a frequency of
598 kilocycles, a wave length of 501.7 meters, and an out-
put of 10 kilowatts. There are 6 radio stations with
ground-to-ship service.
(11) Penza (53?12'N, 45?01/E). Penzenskaya Oblast',
RSFSR. Population: 157,100 in 1939. (FIGURES VIII-106
and VIII-119, 136)
(a) Importance.?Penza is an oblast capital and a
junction point of roads and railroads.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city occupies
about 40 square kilometers or 15 square miles on the left
bank of the Sura river. The northern industrial section
is connected to the southern part by the main street, the
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Internatsional'naya Ulitsa. The street pattern is grid-
iron.
(c) Transportation.?Intersecting rail lines provide
service in four directions. There are four railroad stations
(1, 2, 3, 4). A classification yard is located near Penza
III station (3) . Two roads similarly provide four exit
routes. Two airfields are reported in the vicinity.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Penza has several
metal-fabrication plants: the Frunze works, producing
machine tools; No. 7 cartridge works, which produced 5
million rifle cartridges annually during World War II;
No. 7 airplane plant, producing propellers and skids; the
Frunze bicycle factory (5) ; and several railroad repair
shops. There are two paper factories, the Tomsk and the
Mayak Revolyutsii (the latter employing 1,300 workers).
Other facilities include a tannery, a newspaper printing
plant, a watch and clock factory (6) , and factories for pro-
ducing or processing cottonseed oil, furniture, matches,
soap, and spirits.
Two local ordnance offices (Nos. 410 and 411) serve as
supply dumps for Penza and Syzran'.
The city is centrally located in an agricultural area
which produces grain and other foodstuffs.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Potential billeting facil-
ities are two hotels, two museums, a stadium (8), an art
gallery, a botanical garden, a city park with nursery, and
a number of schools. One hospital (7) has been identified.
(f) Utilities.?A power plant is known to exist, but
data are lacking on water supply and sewerage.
(g) Communications.?Penza is served by postal,
telephone, and telegraph connections, and by broadcast-
ing station RW-56 operating on a frequency of 640 kilo-
cycles with an output of 1.2 kilowatts. An additional
radio station is operated by the airfield.
(12) Kirov (formerly Vyatka) (58?36'N, 49?41'E). Kirov-
skaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 143,200 in 7939.
(FIGURES VIII-107 and VIII-119, 52)
(a) Importance.?Kirov is the capital of Kirovskaya
Oblast'. It is served by rail and road connections and
has a number of industrial plants.
(b) Geographical characteristics.?The city proper is
located on the high left bank of the Vyatka river, with
industrial suburbs on both banks. Elevations vary from
180 meters (591 feet) in the northern, eastern, and western
sections to 200 meters (656 feet) in the southern section.
The urban area covers about 20 square kilometers or 8
square miles. The Vyatka industrial section is located in
the northern part of the city on the left bank of the river.
The cathedral (31) is a landmark.
(c) Transportation.?Railroads extend to the north-
west and west-southwest. From a point southwest of the
town a line also runs east-southeast. Related structures
include two stations (13 and 36) and a classification yard.
Roads extend south, west-southwest, and east-southeast.
Connection with the latter road is effected by means of a
ferry (24) over the Vyatka. An airfield and aircraft depot
are located in the vicinity.
Streets follow a gridiron pattern.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Industrial activities of
Kirov include the smelting of silver and copper (Peskov-
skiy plant) ; the manufacture of machinery (11) ; and the
production or processing of leather goods (1, 3, 4, 9), tex-
tiles (5), matches (2), lumber (29), furniture, soap, bricks
(12, 14), furs, canned meat (7), flour, and spirits. There
are also ship-repair yards, railroad-car repair shops, and a
printing plant.
Confidential
(e) Billeting .and hospitals.?Structures of possible
use for billeting include, in addition to identified buildings
(16, 17, 26, 28 and 32) , a museum, a library, and various
hotels. Open space may be provided at the race track
(10) and the stadium (23). There is at least one hospital
(15).
(f) Utilities.?The city has a water supply system
(30) and, possibly, a sewerage system. A municipal power
plant (18) with 17,500-kilowatts capacity is in operation;
also a 60,000 kilowatt steam plant.
(g) Communications.?Kirov has a post office (20)
and a radio station, and is on the main telephone-
telegraph network. Five radio stations, all but one for
official use only, are in operation.
(13) Shcherbakov (formerly Rybinsk, or Ribinsk) (58?03'N,
38?51'E). Yaroslavskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population:
139,000 in 1939. (FIGURES VIII-108 and VIII-119, 46)
(a) Importance.?Shcherbakov was formerly impor-
tant primarily for its fishing industry. It has become an
important river port since construction of the White Sea ?
Baltic waterway and is currently the administrative cen-
ter of its raion.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The major part of the
city lies on the right bank of the Volga and on both banks
of the Cheremkha, a meandering tributary river. The
suburbs of Petrovskoye and Vasil'yevskoye, on the left
bank of the Volga, are separated by a second tributary,
the Sheksna.
The urban area totals 18.5 square kilometers or 7 square
miles, comprising Shcherbakov proper (10 square kilo-
meters, or 4 square miles) , the suburbs of Petrovskoye (6.5
square kilometers, or 2.5 square miles) and Vasil'yevskoye
(2 square kilometers, or 0.8 square miles).
Some sections of the city are laid out in a gridiron
pattern with unevenly spaced blocks. In the central part,
blocks are densely built up, with structures facing all four
streets. In the suburbs, small one-story rectangular
houses front on two opposite streets.
(c) Transportation.?The Yaroslavskaya Railroad
provides service southeast, and north-northwest. It
makes use of a bridge over the Cheremkha river. Roads
extend in three directions. Although the Sheksna has
been bridged, it is a considerable obstacle to highway con-
struction (FIGURE VIII-14). One airfield (17) is located
to the southwest, one is located in the city itself and two
others lie north of the city.
Shcherbakov is a grain port, and a terminal and winter-
ing port for large Volga steamers. It is connected,
through the Volga and a canal system, with the Baltic
Sea and Arctic Ocean. Harbor facilities include locks in
the Cheremkha river (5) , and wharves (6) . A dam (15)
on the Volga serves navigation and a power plant, and is
used as a highway bridge. It is 12 meters (40 feet) high
and equipped with double locks 300 meters (985 feet) in
length and 28 meters (90 feet) in width.
(d) Industry and commerce.?During the war,
Shcherbakov had a number of plants adaptable to produc-
tion of munitions. The Yezhov machinery plant, which
had employed 3,000 workers in 1937, produced ammuni-
tion, mines, and torpedoes. The Dormash machinery
plant (10), designed for construction equipment, em-
ployed several thousand persons in manufacture of guns
and related items. The Poligraf plant (8), with approxi-
mately 67,800 square meters (81,100 square yards) of floor
space, was producing small automatic weapons in 1941.
Another ammunition plant (9), unidentified by name, had
storage magazines and several underground structures.
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FIGURE VIII - 105
ASTRAKHAN' CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
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... ? .. ? ? 11. .1 ? ? ? . ? ? . ? .. ? ? ? . ? .. ? ? ... ? ??? ?? ?
... ? .. ? ? . ? ? .1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????,?,..
. ? ? .. ? ? . ? ? ? . ? ? ? ? ? . ? ? .. ? . ? ? ? ? . ? .. ?
? .. ? . ? ? . ??????????? ???., ?,...,.,. ?....,..????? ? ??
.,.,.,?,?
-)4
Note: KRIVAYA BOLDA and
PRYAMAYA BOLDA
join to form
BOUSHAYA BOLDA
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Oil storage
2. Hospitals
3. Barracks
4. RR bridge, length about 1,150m, width about 4.5m and 7.5m, iron
construction,12 piers, greatest distance between piers about 125m
(a) Part of bridge used as a drawbridge.
5. Railroad station
6. Fish combines
7. Sawmills
8. Shipyards
9. Power plants
10. Airfields
11. Waterworks
12. City ferry
ERS-AMS 6-413
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
ASTRAKHAN'
46?22'N 48?05'F,
AS I RAKIIANSKAYA OBI AS
LEGEND
Urban areas
Parks or recreation
Water
Levee
Broad gage railroad, single track
Streetcar line
Identified point
ctz,
Trusovo
'
500 1000 1500 Meters
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Feet
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability good. Basic information, dated August 1942,
apparently was compiled from aerial photography.
122L7:2210 =I 0 0
,
A
41k
Zatsarevo
/
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
-.....- -?-?, r ? ,, . ,,,,?,?.,?. 7, .
? , T. LIM/NO 4 4 K 64 *V
lk - 41 , 1 ?IrevreNWNS 1.? ? ???????4
? kty"..*"* 4 t
. . '.? .4 ? ? -, -?? ,
, ?????41
???????????????'
? ??
''.. ? 'i- -. '4 '' 4,,Ant 1
??? ??
O. ? 4 ,, ilk 4 II, ? ??4?10
r ..' -4 ! 14..P. : ft 1.1 At % t. ith, S,...;?!-*,:ie
i - ?,,V, v ir *A. ?
W ?
A. .01, . . ? 11 .... ;
-
? ? 7,.? ;?;? V e
\
?
? 4
?
FIGURE VIII - 106
PENZA CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
PNZA
53?12'N 45?01'E
PENZENSKAYA OIL LAST'
/TO RTISHCHEAppli5ved For Release 2003/05/14-:_CIA,R
LEGEND
Industrial areas PcKK;Cl
Military areas
Parks E777121
Railroad, Broad gage
Single track ?,--,--
Multiple track
Through streets
Other streets
Identified points 0 Kilometers
1 13
Miles
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability fair. Approximate sketch based on good aerial photography
dated 1943. IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Penza I railroad station
2. Penza II railroad station
3. Penza III railroad station
4. Penza IV railroad station
5. "Frunze" bicycle factory No. 50
6. Watch and clock factory
7. Hospital
0008-1 8. Stadium
ERS-AMS 6.48
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
FIGURE VIII - 107
KIROV CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
fti
Mukhiny
?
AKIIIDDNOVO so 0
?
110"
41) '
? Iis,
KIROV
(VYATKA)
58?36, N 49?41, E
KIROVSKAYA OBLAST'
A
?
?
Dymko
S
firir
,
0.?
.40
f
5.7
SOLOV'YEVSKAYA
4:4041:4
?
3?
VSHIVTSEVt
13 500 1000 1500 Meters z.
o 2004 3000 400 Feet
60?NFIDENTIAL
z
,
,
,
e
pgRAf
BOBROVSKAYA
? .7f?It ? '" .71 'IF'
?
o
?
.9 , Khlyrovka
r41
TO
POINTS
IDENTIFIED POINTS
LEGEND
ERS-AMS 6-0
ef
1. Leather goods factory No. 2
20. Post office
Urban areas
Smell homes
noS
2. "Krasnaya Zvezda" match factory
21. State Bank (Gosbank)
3. Sheepskin leather factory
22. City Communist Party Branch
4. Leather goods factory No. 3
23. Stadium
Industrial areas
Cemetery
5. Textile factory
24. Ferry
6. Artificial leather factory
7. kleat pecking combine
25. Port
26. "Dampen Bedny" Club
Parks or recreation
? ?
.1.21
? 0 0
8. Armored equipment plant No. 38
27. Khalturin Square
Woods
0 ? 0
9. Leather goods factory
28. Party school
10. Race track
29. Sawmill
Water
Gulley or bluff
11. Machinery plant imeni 1 Maya
30. Waterworks
12. Brickyard No. 1
13. Kirov II railroad station
31. Revolution Square (Ploshchad'
Revolyutsii) & Cathedral
Broad gage railroad
14. Brickyard No. 2
32. Pedagogic Institute
Single track
Double track
15. Hospital
33. Ploshchad' Zhleznodorozhnikov (Square)
16. Agriculture school
34. Munitions plant No. 60
Through streets
Identified points
17. Municipal theater
35. Slaughterhouse
18. Municipal power plant
36. Kirov I railroad station
19. Oblast Executive Committee
Reliability generally good. Based on intelligence information dated 1944. Through
road
going N only locat.
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
SHCH -17,R It AKOV
(RYILINSK, RIBANSK)
58?03'N 38?51'E
YAROSLAVSKAYA OILLAST'
LEGEND
Common or waste land
Woods
Urban areas
Sand or mud flats
Railroadibroad gage
Through streets
Street s
Unimproved or destroyed streets
Identified point
2 Kilometers
1Mile
1---1II I
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability good. Basic information reconciled with aerial photography dated 1941.
. ?
? '',APO:?.?.
,
1.1.5.4%e
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
FIGURE VIII- 108
SHCHERBAKOV (RYBINSK) CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
A
Is
,
..'..:.?
,
Ii
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'
4
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.
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,1 TO VOLOGDA
I70 KM.
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.
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-
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-
TO SONKOVO 108 KM.
ri
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....:*-- .....?--:, '
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-
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,
TO UOLICH 70 KM.
.
I
.
'
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Hydroelectric power plant; dam 12 meters high
2. "Kirov" machinery plant
3. Shipyard
4. Fuel storage yard
5. Locks for the harbor in Cheremukha River
6. Wharves
7. Post and telegraph office
8. "Poligraf" plant used (1941) for small
automatic weapons
9. Ammunition plant (several buildings
underground) and magazines
10. "Dormash" machinery plant. Construction
equipment (guns, etc., during war)
11. "Pavlov motor factory No. 26 (automobile
and airplane motors)
12. "Kateyerstroyeniye" shipyard; small boats
and torpedo boats
13. Barracks
14. Sawmill and lumber yard
15. 12 meter dam and lock with highway bridge
16. Hydroelectric power plant for lock
17. Airfield
1
ERS-AMS 6-48
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Confidential CITIES AND TOWNS Page VIII-73
A number of plants were available for production of
mobile equipment. A huge underground factory manu-
factured aircraft and locomotives. Prior to the summer
of 1946 it drew its workers from a very large labor camp.
The Pavlov motor factory No. 26 (11) produced about 80
automobile and airplane motors daily. Together with its
integrated aluminum producing plant and foundry, it cov-
ered an area of approximately 127,000 square meters
(152,000 square yards) and employed about 15,000 people.
This plant has reportedly been moved to Pelman Station,
Siberia. The Kateyerstroyeniye shipyard (12) produced
small boats, including torpedo boats. The type of vessel
produced at another identified shipyard (3) is unknown.
Other heavy industries included the Kirov machinery
plant (2), a printing machine factory, and at least one
chemical plant. The city also had a sawmill and lumber
yard (14) , a brewery, flour mills, and plants producing
shoes and other leather goods, paper, and matches. Forced
labor is currently employed in peat cutting. Grain and
caviar are principal items of trade.
Storage facilities (4, 9) included fuel storage yard (4),
ammunition magazines (9), lumber yards (14), and a
grain elevator at the harbor.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Among the prewar bil-
leting possibilities were barracks (13), a museum, and a
hotel. No data on hospitals are available.
(f) Utilities.?The hydroelectric power plant at the
Sheksana river dam (1) , three kilometers northwest of
Shcherbakov has a capacity of 165,000 kilowatts and a
planned capacity of 330,000 kilowatts. In 1941 a second
power plant (15) was located at the Volga river dam at
Perebory, 6.6 kilometers (4 miles) west of the city. A third
plant (16) , located nearby, serves to operate the locks of
the ship canal at the Volga dam. A fourth power plant
serves the airplane motor factory (11) . Information on
other utilities is lacking.
(g) Communications.?The city was formerly served
by a post and telegraph office (7) and a telephone office.
One small radio station operates a shore-to-ship service.
(14) Tambov (52?45'N, 41?23'E). Tambovskaya Oblast',
RSFSR. Population: /21,300 in 1939. (FIGURE VIII-119,
138)
(a) Importance.?Tambov is an oblast capital, a
junction point of roads and railroads, and an industrial
center.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located on
the Tsna river. Its main street, the Internatsional'naya
Ulitsa, connects the railroad station to the central part
of the urban area. Possible landmarks include a cathe-
dral, churches, and monasteries.
(c) Transportation.?Tambov lies on the Moscow ?
Ryazan' ? Saratov railroad line and is the junction point
of a branch to Balashov. Primitive roads extend to four
destinations: Voronezh (181) , Gryazi (140) , Penza 136,
and Borisoglebsk (185) . Air facilities include a commer-
cial field and a military air base.
(d) Industry and Commerce.?Several plants pro-
duced explosives and other chemical products useful as
war material. The Krasny Borshevik plant, which had
3,500 workers in 1936, produced powder, explosives, and
chemical warfare agents. Poison gas was manufactured
at the Ches plant. An incendiary bomb plant employed
2,000 workers. The Gigant factory produced synthetic
rubber.
A number of plants produced equipment designed for
or adaptable to war use. An airplane fuselage plant em-
ployed between 6,000 and 7,000 workers in 1936. One fac-
Original
tory employing 3,500 workers produced 17-ton tanks.
Other facilities for handling heavy equipment included a
machinery plant and repair shops for artillery, tractors,
and airplanes (No. 56 plant).
Industries of primarily peacetime interest included a
printing plant and various plants for producing or process-
ing soap, sugar, leather, and wood products.
The city had a grain elevator and an artillery arsenal,
No. 43.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Potential billeting facil-
ities include a museum, a theater, a hotel, and civil avia-
tion and cavalry schools. Four hospitals are reported.
(f) Utilities.?Two power plants with total capacity
of 72,000 kilowatts serve the industrial plants. In 1945
the administration of the Saratov ? Moscow gas line was
contemplating construction of a powerful compressor sta-
tion near Tambov. It was expected that around 200 kilo-
meters (125 miles) of pipe line would be laid in Tambov-
skaya Oblast'.
(g) Communications.?Tambov is served by telephone
and telegraph connections. One radio station maintains
ground-to-air service.
(15) Kostroma (57?46'N, 40?57'E). Kostromskaya
Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 121,200 in 1939. (FIGURES
VIII-109 and VIII-119, 63)
(a) Importance.?The city is the administrative cen-
ter of its raion. It is of importance in the production of
linen.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The urban area covers
32 square kilometers or 12 square miles. It is located on
the steep left bank of the Volga at the mouth of the Kos-
troma river. A series of terraces rises from the river banks
(75 meters, or 246 feet, in elevation) to the maximum
elevation of 140 meters (459 feet) in the north, with an
intermediate level of 135 meters (443 feet) in the east.
The principal streets radiate from Revolutionary Square
in the center of the city. Metallist, an industrial suburb,
is located on the right bank of the Volga. It is the orig-
inal site of the city and is inhabited by Tatars. The
western section is a factory area.
Two cathedrals and two monasteries are local land-
marks.
(c) Transportation.?A rail line crosses the Volga
on a double-track steel bridge (5) and extends southwest
to Nerekhta. It is served by a station on the outskirts of
the city proper (25) and by an installation across the
Volga (2), comprising station, classification yard, and
locomotive repair shops.
Five roads leave the city, of which two lead to Yaroslavl'
70. A ferry (4) is utilized for crossing the Volga, but the
Kostroma is spanned by a bridge (17).
The city is a river port. Three landing fields have been
reported in the vicinity.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Kostroma is an impor-
tant center of the linen industry and is reported to have
flax-spinning and linen-weaving mills and a linen com-
bine. Two textile combines (18, 26) and a textile factory
(28) have been identified. Some of these are undoubtedly
identical with the linen establishments previously men-
tioned.
The only identified heavy industries are the Krasina
metallurgical plant (27) , the Rabochiy Metallist machin-
ery plant (3), and a silicate plant (1). The other indus-
tries include a newspaper printing plant, sawmills, flour
mills (12), a fish cannery, a shoe factory (20), a needle
factory (29), and factories producing soap and processing
tobacco.
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Page VIII-74
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JANIS 40
Confidential
Deposits of peat are available locally.
Storage facilities include an artillery arsenal and a
grain elevator (9).
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Kostroma has at least
two hospitals, one of which (24) has been identified.
Structures of possible use for billeting include a museum,
a bank, a hotel (21), and a workers' home (16) .
(f) Utilities.?No information is available on water
supply or sewerage systems. A peat-burning central heat
and power plant (19) has a capacity of 11,800 kilowatts.
(g) Communications.?Postal, telephone, and tele-
graph services (23) are provided.
(16) Murmansk (680 58'N, 33005'E). Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 117,000 in 1939; estimated at
95,000 in 1946. (FIGURES VIII-110 to VIII-113, and VIII-
119, 3)
(a) Importance.?Murmansk, founded during World
War I, rapidly became an important commercial and naval
port. It is now European USSR's most important ice-free
northern port and the capital of Murmanskaya Oblast'
(created in 1938).
(b) Physical characteristics.?The urban area con-
sists of 175 square kilometers (67.6 square miles) located
approximately at sea level. The city is situated on the
eastern shore of Kol'skiy Zaliv (Kola Inlet) at a distance
of 40 kilometers (25 miles) from the mouth of the Kola
river. The inlet is about 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) wide at
Murmansk. The shores consist of rocky, barren hills of
92 to 112 meters (302 to 367 feet) in height. The city is
not only closely surrounded by hills, but has numerous
steep grades within its limits (FIGURE VIII-i10). A
weather observatory is located on a hill north of the rail-
road station.
Rosta, a more recent settlement, is also on the eastern
shore of the inlet and located about 2 kilometers (1.2
miles) north of Murmansk.
(c) Transportation
1. EXTERNAL
a. Rail.?Surface transportation lines are mostly
north ? south. The city is the terminus of the Kirov Rail-
road from the south. A branch line extends the short
distance to Vayenga on the north.
b. Roads.?A road runs westward to Pechenga
(Petsamo). Three short roads lead to Vayenga, 23 kilo-
meters northeast; Kil'dinstroy, 20 kilometers southeast,
and Murmashi airfield, 21 kilometers southwest.
c. Water.?Murmansk is the only sheltered ice-
free port of the northern USSR and is accessible to the
FIGURE VIII-110. Murmansk i General view
largest ships. The Kol'skiy Zaliv (Kola Inlet) is easily
navigable from its mouth, and water depths at the
wharves are at least 8 meters (26 feet) . The common
occurrence of fogs during the winter months has not im-
peded development of the port. Aside from its impor-
tance commercially, it is a base for ice-breakers and head-
quarters for development of the northern spa route.
The Murmansk port area, as defined in this study, ex-
tends from Zelenyy Mys (cape) , north of Rosta, to Zar-
nichny Mys, at the southern limits of Murrhansk proper.
The northern portion (Rosta) has piers totaling 600 me-
ters (1,968 feet) in length, while those in the south (Mur-
mansk proper) total 1,000 meters (3,281 feet) .
Reported unloading facilities within the port area in-
clude seven 7-ton cranes, railroad cranes of 15 and 45 tons
(one each) , three 6-ton tractor cranes, a 130-ton floating
crane, and a number of electric 2-ton stevedore trucks.
Aside from the general commerce basin (13) , various
facilities are provided for specific products, such as lumber
(9, 46) , oil (57) , and coal (60). Facilities at Zelenyy
Mys, north of the main port, are used for unloading explo-
sives and loading apatite phosphate.
Most prewar docks were built of wood, although one
(which accommodated three ships) was faced with con-
crete blocks. The majority were supplied with fresh water
and electricity, and had fire-fighting installations.
World War II damage by explosives and incendiary
bombing was severe. Four wharves were then in use in
1943, providing berthage for a total of ten liberty ships.
In 1946, the port had four floating and two dry docks,
of which the latter was located in Rosta. An additional
27,000-ton (metric) floating dock was being towed from
Gdynia.
Naval facilities not shown on FIGURE VIII-113 include a
small auxiliary base at Vayenga. This base has a 76-
meter (249-foot) dock with 5-meter (16-foot) water depth.
Structures include eight large brick buildings including
housing barracks, hospitals, and shops; underground
storage for ammunition, fuel, and supplies; and bomb
shelters. Another base is located on Pinagorskiy Mys.
In June 1943 the Murman-Ryba Trawler Base, just out-
side the southern limits of Murmansk, had. a slip accom-
modating vessels up to 700 tons. A number of small shops
provided supplies for a fleet of 200 fishing trawlers.
d. Air.?The two Murmashi airfields, 21 kilome-
ters (13 miles) southwest, were used as wartime bases for
fighter planes.
The Vayenga field is located 23 kilometers (14 miles) to
the north. In 1943 it had a dirt and gravel surface with
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Page VIII-75
of city looking southwestward. About 1944.
no regular runways. There were few buildings at the
field; most repair shops and barracks were located at 1
kilometer distance. The field was surrounded by revet-
ments and provided with underground storage. It has
handled as many as 170 planes, with the best operating
conditions existing in the winter.
The Gryazny field, 13 kilometers (8 miles) northwest,
was the main seaplane base of the Soviet Northern Fleet.
It was equipped with hangars, small workshops, store-
houses, and barracks. The two Polyarnoye fields nearer
the mouth of the Tuloma furnish additional seaplane fa-
cilities. The Arktino field (5) is located between Mur-
mansk and Rosta. Excluding those already mentioned
there are eight other airfields in the vicinity of Murmansk.
2. INTERNAL.?Many of the city streets have steep
grades and follow an irregular gridiron pattern. Few are
paved and, except for 140 meters (459 feet) of asphalt, all
paving is of cobblestone. Paving was in extremely bad
condition in 1943. By 1945 repaving was in process and
underground electric and telephone cables were being laid
(FIGURE . The city has no internal public trans-
portation system.
FIGURE Murmansk.
"Volunteer" workers repaving streets. One of the best quality
constructions used. Type "D" residential buildings.
(d) Industry and commerce
1. MINING.?Apatite phosphate is mined and ex-
ported for use as fertilizer. Nepheline is also found in
large quantities. It is planned to increase utilization of
the extensive iron-ore deposits, increasing annual output
to 1,700,000 tons.
2. INDUSTRY.?Ship-repair facilities represent an
important part of Murmansk's industry. The Sevmorput
Original
shipyard (51 and 52) at Rosta (5 kilometers, 3 miles, north
of Murmansk) has two graving docks, one measuring 107
meters (351 feet) by 26 meters (85 feet) ; the other, 198
meters (649 feet) by 26 meters (85 feet) . Both can carry
ships with a 9-meter (30-foot) draft. The yard facilities
include electricity, running salt and fresh water, steam,
and low-pressure air. Two other shipyards have been
identified (25 and 40) . A 6,000-ton floating dock is
located at one of the yards of Rosta or Murmansk proper.
An installation under construction in the Zhaldeyeva Mys
area in June 1943 is apparently a naval dockyard. It will
probably be the main naval shipbuilding and repair yard
for the Kol'skiy Zaliv (Kola Inlet) . An EPRON (govern-
ment salvage agency) installation is located on the western
shore of the inlet, north of Yelovyy Mys. It is probably
equipped to handle all but major ship repairs.
There is a seaplane repair shop in the area. Aluminum
and wolfram (tungsten) refining were reported in opera-
tion in the vicinity in July 1947.. The aluminum plant is
believed to be south or southwest of the urban area.
Woodworking industries produce boxes, barrels, and furni-
ture. There is a flour mill and bakery. Textile industries
produce woven and knitted cotton fabrics and finished
clothing.
Large quantities of fish are caught for local use and
export between March and August. The principal kinds
are cod, herring, and salmon. A fishery biological station
in the vicinity is provided with a museum and aquarium.
Small quantities of potatoes, rye, barley, and oats are
raised, but the growing season is very short and most agri-
cultural products must be imported. The most important
export items are timber and apatite phosphate; others in-
clude salt, fish, cod liver oil, and grain.
Most of the warehouses in the dock area were destroyed
by bombing and ensuing fires. Extensive caves were exca-
vated for use as air raid shelters and for storage. They
were located around the city area and northward along
the rock coast toward Rosta. One cave was equipped with
heat, light, and ventilation systems and could accommo-
date at least 2,000 persons.
The entire area of the Kol'skiy Zaliv (Kola Inlet) had
liquid fuel storage facilities totaling 20,000 tons in 1943.
Underground storage for an additional 20,000 tons was re-
portedly under construction.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Thirty modern apart-
ment buildings of several stories had been built before
1939 (FIGURE VIII-112). Some other buildings were eight
stories in height. Prewar structures included a hotel, a
naval technical school and barracks. Data on existing
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FIGURE VIII-112. Murmansk.
View northward. Modern four- to seven-story masonry
apartment buildings.
billeting facilities are lacking. It is known that the city
suffered heavy war damage.
Prewar civilian hospitals, plus the naval hospitals in
Vayenga and vicinity, were adequate for peacetime needs.
During the war, they were supplemented by five military
hospitals and convalescent centers.
(f) Utilities.?The city's water supply, drawn from
local lakes, must be boiled or chlorinated if used for drink-
ing. The water-distribution system extends throughout
the city and water front area. The sewerage system does
not extend beyond the central part of the city.
Electric power supplied to domestic consumers is 220-
volt, 50-cycle, 3-phase, alternating current. The major
source of supply is the Nizhnotulomskaya (lower Tuloma)
hydroelectric plant, located 30 kilometers (19 miles)
south-southwest on the Tuloma river near Murmashi.
The station occupies an area of 6,700 square meters (72,-
000 square feet) and has a capacity of 50,000 kilowatts. A
high-tension line enters Murmansk from the south and
leads to a transformer station (37). Current is also pro-
duced by 4 local steam power plants with a total capacity
of 36,000 kilowatts, one of which is identified (29). A
steam plant at Kirovsk with 36,000-kilowatt capacity and
a hydroelectric plant known as Niva III (67?10'N, 32?28'E)
with a planned capacity of 120,000 kilowatts also supply
current to the Murmansk transmission system.
(g) Communications.?Murmansk is connected to
the main telephone-telegraph network by means of a line
south to Murmashi and Kandalaksha. Underground
cables were being laid in 1945. An unconfirmed report
states that cable connections extend to Polyarny and
Arkhangel'sk. The city, in addition to its connections
with all settlements and signal stations on the Kol'skiy
Zaliv (Kola Inlet), has direct military wires to points on
Beloye More (White Sea) and to Moscow. The Kirov
Railroad is equipped with its own telegraph system.
The city has six radio stations. Station RW-79, a 10-
kilowatt station on a hill in the northern part of the city,
operates on a frequency of 610 kilocycles and a wave
length of 491.8 meters.
(h) War damage and reconstruction.?Most civilians
were evacuated during the war. German bombing had
destroyed about a third of the city by 1943 and seriously
damaged another third. Extensive reconstruction and
expansion were under way by 1945.
(17) Vologda (Wologda) (59?14'N, 39?50'E). Volo-
godskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 95,200 in 1939.
(FIGURES VIII-114 and VIII-119, 47)
(a) Importance.?Vologda is the capital of its oblast
and is an economic center of northern USSR.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The urban area covers
16 square kilometers (6 square miles), distributed on both
banks of the Vologda river, a tributary of the Sukhona.
Confidential
The old city is centered around the citadel (25) and Cathe-
dral Square (24), on the right bank. It is surrounded by
the remains of a wall. Immediately beyond are more
modern sections with straight, broad streets. The street
pattern is generally gridiron, with some radial elements.
Southwest of the center of the town is a workers' garden
settlement (Oktyabrskiy Rabochiy Pr,delok-sad).
Three cathedrals and a bishop's castle are landmarks.
(c) Transportation.?The city is a junction point of
two railroads, which provide service in four directions.
There are five road exits. River vessels from the Sever-
naya Dvina and Volga rivers make regular stops at the
steamer landing (10). Three military airfields are located
in the vicinity.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Vologda has several
industries producing or adaptable to production of war
materiel, including armaments plants, a chemical com-
bine, and a powder and explosives plant The specific
facilities provided by the Vologda military repair shop are
not known. Other industries produce machinery (8) and
railroad equipment. In addition there are plants for pro-
ducing lumber (at least one sawmill) , wood products (17),
leather goods (6), peat, canned food, alcoholic beverages
(3, 4, 26), and printing (newspaper plant). The
city is a transfer point in the shipment of butter, flax,
grains, and wood products.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Among the structures
of possible use for billeting are a museum, various hotels,
a dairy institute, and the botanical gardens. No informa-
tion on hospitals is available.
(f) Utilities.?There are two power plants (20, 22) .
A waterworks is operated in conjunction with the older
plant (22).
(g) Communications.?The city has a postal and tele-
graph office (16) ; also one radio station.
(18) Noginsk (formerly Bogorodsk) (55?40'N, 38?26'E).
Moskovskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 81,000 in 1939.
(FIGURE VIII-119, 115)
(a) Importance.?Noginsk is an industrial town near
Moscow and is connected to that city by road and rail.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The town is located on
both banks of the Klyaz'ma river at a point 68 kilometers
or 42 miles east-northeast of Moscow. Its area is about
12 square kilometers (4.6 square miles). Elevation varies
from 112 to 153 meters (367 to 502 feet) .
(c) Transportation.?A branch line from Fryazevo
connects Noginsk with the Moscow ? Gor'kiy Railroad.
There are three exit roads. City streets are asphalt-
surfaced. Internal transportation is provided by street
railway. Two airfields are located in the vicinity.
(d) Industry and commerce.?The important Elek-
trostal electrometallurgical plant produces tool steel, air-
plane parts, ball bearings, and other items. It employed
12,000 workers in 1936.
Although a reported 20,000 workers are employed in
peat-cutting, they are distributed among 13 plants.
Manufacture of yarns and textiles is of considerable
importance. One cotton-yarn mill has 116,000 spindles.
At least three mills produce, individually, cotton, silk, and
wool textiles. One wool mill also produces felt. One cot-
ton mill, located on the Moscow ? Gor'kiy highway 55 kilo-
meters (34 miles) from Moscow, has integrated production
of cotton yarn and dyes.
In May 1947, a phonograph record factory was secretly
utilizing part of its facilities for production of zinc blasting
caps for ammunition. An ammunition magazine was
available.
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TO GALICH 124 k
t
FIGURE VIII- 109
KOSTROMA CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Silicate plant
2. Old railroad station, classification yard
and locomotive repair shops
3. "Rabochiy Metallist" machinery plant
4. Passenger ferry
5. Railroad bridge
6. Factories (type unknown)
7. Factories (type unknown)
8. Factories (type unknown)
9. Grain elevator
10. Oil refinery
11. Steamship piers
12. Flour mill
13. Shipyard (?)
14. Lumber yards and piers (?)
15. Lumber yards and piers (?)
16. Workers home, formerly "Ipatevskiy Monastery
17. Highway bridge
18. "Lenin" textile combine
19. Power plant and central heating plant
20. "10 October" shoe factory
21. Worker's Cooperative Hotel
22. Club house
23. Post and telegraph office
24. Second city hospital
25. Railroad station
26. "Lenta" textile factory
27. "Krasina" metallurgic plant
28. "Inginera Zavarykina" textile combine
29. "Krasnaya Mayevka" needle factory
KOSTROMA
57?46'N 410?57E
Urban areas_
Mud flat
Meadow land
Woods
Waste land
Inundated land
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LEGEND
111111111
Gully or bluff_ C
II II
II II .i!!
Broad gage railroad,
single track
A GA aA
a A a.A a.
1
Q. A
Through streets
Unimproved streets
0
Identified point.
Vs, 1 Mile
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability good. Basic information reconciled with
aerial photography dated 1941.
ERS-AMS 840
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FIGURE VIII - 113
MURMANSK CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
/ 7-
_4/
MURMANSK
:1; 68?58'N 33?05'E
;1 MU MANSKAYA OBLAST'
P
R. S. F. S. R.
.c/
0
?
50
.
I ? saas,
\ /7:?,,
a.
\L-.." LI) \ ?
?
??_,
rriw
/-
1
1
1
/
? 8
aw ? ???
?
?
Mt/SMASH,
MIME, Sr KAI V SO KM.
??
-00
a
c:=4
IDENTIFIED POINTS
I. Schools
2. HosPilals
3. Military establishments
4. Government eslablishments
5. Airfield
6. Water system
P. pumping plants
B. Broadcasting stalion
9. Dock for wood products end lumber harbor storage yards
10. Intorno?. sheds
11. Railroad repair shop
12. Automolive repair shops
13. Commercial harbor wilh warehouses and harbor railroad station
14. Post office
it. Feedatufts warehouse
16. Mililary harbor with warehouses
it. Coal storage
18. Railroad frelaht station
19. Dock for height and passenger ships
20. Railroad Motion
21. Post office
22 Hotel
23. Clothing factory
24. Stadium
25. Repair shops for floating docks
26. Warehouses
27. Canneries. list and cold storage
28. Pickling and curing plant
29. Power plant
30. Fuel (gasoline) dump
31. Salt storage
32. Fish smoking plant
33. Railroad power Plan'
34. Garages and Orion repair 003
35 Furniture factory
36. Sausage factory
37. Transformer station
31. Commissarial end equipment storage
39. Camouflaged fuel tanks
40. "Murmanryba" shipyard
41. Sawmill and lumberyard
42. Grain elevator
13. Bread factory and warehouse
44. Foodstuffs warehouse
15. lumberyard
46. Lumber harbor and slorage
47. Feel (gasoline) dump and automobile scrap pile
46. AallaIrcraft equipment stored.
19. Fuel (gasolim) dump
Approvea ror meiedbe 20831153/14 . CIA RDr73 011111A00020091-90911-1
LEGEND
Urban areas
Industrial areas
Destroyed areas ilk77",f1
rm. mor
Broad gage railroad, single track
Through street
Street
Unimproved, dirt street
Trail
Identified point
I I I
0
500 1000 Meters
0 1000 2000 3000 Feet
CON Fl DENTIAL
Reliability of information: Based on
captured German map dated 1943.
IDENTIFIED POINTS IN NORTHERN SUBURB OF ROSEN
50. Lumberyard
it. Ship repair yards of drydalis
52. Drydocks. (Vessels or all sizes)
53. Locomotive repair shops
54. Rost* railroad station
55. Underground fuel tanks
56. Industrial establishment
57. Oil harbor
58. Goal dome
59. Forced labor camp
60. Coal harbor and cool storage for fisheries harbor
61. Fuel (Baseline) dump
62. Radio station
613. Power plant with coal storage area
ERS.AMS 6.48
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FIGURE VIII- 114
VOLOGDA CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
VOI,OGDA
(WOLOGDA)
59 ?14'N 39?501E
VOLOGODSKAYA OBLAST'
.."
.
r
4
?r
.... ?
,J!'...,?
Lev
. , ;,.. ,
-7
,
%
&,,,.?t?.,..
`''''
17
m.,
7,4
.k?..,?
01-
-k-
,
k
a,
r
co
\
\
?
, /
i 0
...!
4'40
/
4 e ' 4
,
e , *bps
,
1 A / / 4
7 . ,
'
0, _ ;
...
.1
?
.
o
z
A
0
<
, ?
.7 /
,
Ar4,?
-ix.,....
e s....1,
ir,t,? ...**?.
----,,...
k
Q
s....tr
.90 4)--
4
, , , ,... , 1
--c- LENINGRAD
i
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01 ? /,
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..rv
4.)
, ..,
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I it/ , ? ;
...?.,
. ?,. 4 .
- ? ....?
f iR) 5. 4

--1 ' 0
, ?? 0 %
4D ? ,
y?
r l&
/ il 0
'A. / ..
'?..?-,i-_.
44g, ' ---,
, ....?..,
- - - _- ' ,- ? 4
- - - ,

,
.,.

)0
..
,
0,...
._.. .--
0
..
0,...
.
. , ,.,.
,'
e ,,,
WD / V -quki, '
V 94 0 0. ....- ,
/./. Oktyabrskiy
, Rabochiy
Poselok-sad
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Meters
.
0 2000 4000
CONFIDENTIAL 6000 Feet
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Railroad workshops
2. Brickyard
3. Distillery
4. Brewery
5. Railroad station
6. Leather goods factory
7. Flour mill
8. "Severny Kommunar" machinery plant
9. Sawmill
10. Steamer landing
11. Trade Union Building
12. Oblast Party
13. Oblast Peasant Building
14. Rayon Executive Committee
15. Bank
16. Post office
17. Woodworking plant
18. Bridge
19. Oblast' Executive Committee
20. New power plant
21. Bridge
22. Old power plant & water works
23. State Bank
24. Cathedral Square (Sobornaya Ploshchad')
& Sophia Cathedral
25. The Kreml' (Citadel) & museum
26. Brewery
Urban areas
Parks or recreation
Cemetery
Broad gage railroad
Through streets
LEGEND
ERS-AMS 648
Identified point
Reliability fair. Basic information, dated
August 1941, not verified.
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Confidential
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Page VIII-77
Among the producers of chemicals is the Chemical De-
fense Plant No. 12, producing asbestos materials and gas
masks.
Other industries include a shoe factory and various
woodworking plants.
Agriculture is generally limited to vegetable gardens.
A Sovkhoz, or state farm, is located in the vicinity.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Billeting space might be
provided in schools, public buildings, a library, or struc-
tures occupied by the pedagogical technical institute. No
data are available on hospitals.
(1) Utilities.?The city reportedly has a sewerage sys-
tem and a power plant, but no information has been avail-
able relative to water supply.
(g) Communications.?Facilities consist of telephone
and telegraph connections and a radio station.
(19) Kolomna (55?05'N, 38?47'E). Moskovskaya Oblast',
RSFSR. Population: 75,100 in 7939. (FIGURE VIII-119,
113)
(a) Importance.?Kolomna is a strategic river .port,
with rail and road connections. It has a variety of in-
dustries and is a center of rayon production.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located
at the confluence of the Oka and Moscow rivers, about 100
kilometers (62 miles) southeast of Moscow. It occupies
an area of about 7 square kilometers (2.7 square miles).
Its elevation varies from 120 meters (394 feet) on the
FIGURE VIII-115. Kolomna.
Aerial view of center of town showing the large Kuybyshev locomotive and machinery plant. 11 November 1942, 0914 hours.
Original
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Page VIII-78
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outskirts to 150 meters (492 feet) in the central part.
The built-up area as a whole is triangular, and is divided
into parallelograms by its streets.
(c) Transportation.?Railroad lines extend north-
west, southeast, and south-southwest. A prewar bridge
on the Moscow - Ryazan' line crossing the Moskva river
was 260 meters (853 feet) in length, 16 meters (52 feet)
in width, and had three approximately 90-meter (295-foot)
spans. This structure was destroyed. A new bridge over
the Oka was under construction in 1943.
A highway running generally northwest-southeast bi-
sects the town in a line north - south and crosses the Oka
river at a point 220 meters (7a0 feet) upstream from the
.urban area. Minor roads lead southwest and northeast.
There are two harbors, one each on the Moskva and
Oka rivers. An airfield is located in the vicinity.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Kolomna and its
neighboring settlements have a variety of industry, both
heavy and light. The Kuybyshev locomotive and ma-
chine shops are located in Golutvin. The Voroshilov gun
factory, on the left bank of the Oka, employed 15,000
workers in 1936; its structures covered an area of 28,600
square meters (308,000 square feet) in October 1941. A
locomotive factory on the right bank of the Moscow cov-
ers an area of 161,000 square meters (1.7 million square
feet). Another factory produces freight cars. Other in-
dustries produce cotton textiles, clothing, shoes, lumber,
and foodstuffs (canned meats, flour) (FIGURE VIII-115).
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?No information on po-
tential billeting facilities or hospitals is available.
(f) Utilities.?The city is known to be served by a
water-supply system, but no information is available as
to any sewerage system. Prewar there was a nearby pre-
war coal-burning power plant with a capacity of 1,000 to
3,000 kilowatts.
(20) Lipetsk (52?36'N, 39?35'E). Voronezhskaya Oblast',
RSFSR. Population: 66,600 in 1939. (FIGURES VIII-116
and VIII-119, 141)
(a) Importance.?Lipetsk has important iron and
steel factories. It is also a health resort and administra-
tive center of its raion.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located in
the central Chernozem (black earth) region on the ,high
right bank of the Voronezh river. The Lipovka river,
which joins the Voronezh at this point, flows through a
deep gully which divides the city area into two terraces 50
and 60 meters (164 and 197 feet), respectively, above the
river level.
The urban area totals about 16 square kilometers (6.2
square miles). Elevation above sea level varies from 100
meters (328 feet) in the eastern and southern sections to
160 meters (230 feet) in the north and west.
Carbonic ferrous salt springs and health installations
with ferrous mud baths are located at the center of the city.
(c) Transportation.?The one railroad, a wide-gage
line running west-southeast, makes use of a freight load-
ing station and a passenger station (4) , the latter located
about 3 kilometers (2 miles) from the center of town.
Road connections are generally north - south (two roads
Confidential
south-southwest, one each northwest and north-north-
east). The railroad bridge over the Voronezh (2) has a
lower level for automotive traffic. Highway bridges over
the Voronezh and Lipovka rivers (7 and 6, respectively)
are traffic bottlenecks. Air facilities include four airfields
and one seaplane base.
(d) Industry and commerce.?Iron and steel indus-
tries include smelters, a foundry, and a rolling mill (3, 9).
Among the smelters are the Chuzun plant, one in Novyy-
Lipetsk, and a new ferro-alloy plant in Lipetsk proper.
The latter is equipped with a powerful electric furnace.
Two metal works are known by name, the Svobodny Sokol
works in Novyy-Lipetsk and the Krasny Sokol works
which employed 10,000 persons in 1937. Producers of
parts or end products include the Lipetsk machine shop,
a tractor factory, an airplane factory, the Lipetsk ma-
chinery plant which produces lathes, boring machines,
and related products, and armaments plant No. 61 (10).
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Billeting possibilities
consist of barracks (1) and a military aviation school.
Although three hospitals are reported, their locations are
not known.
(f) Utilities.?A central thermal electric power plant
has a capacity of 49,000 kilowatts and is connected to
Voronezh by a 110-kilovolt line.
(g) Communications.?Lipetsk has telephone and
telegraph connections and is served by a radio-telegraph
station.
(21) Molotovsk (formerly Sudosfroy) (64?45'N, 39?55'E).
Arkhangel'skaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population estimated at
15,000 to 20,000 in 1944, approximately /0,000 in 1945.
(FIGURES VIII-117 and VIII-119, 10)
(a) Importance.?Molotovsk is a port city with the
advantage of usually being ice-free. Since it is situated
on the Arkhangel'sk - Moscow rail line, it is in a position
to handle water-rail transshipment.
(b) Physical characteristics.?The city is located on
the southwest coast of Dvinskaya Bukhta (gulf) , about
30 kilometers or 19 miles southwest of the Severnaya
(northern) Dvina estuary. The main urban area lies 5
kilometers (3 miles) west of the port. The city occupies
16 square kilometers (6.2 square miles) at approximately
sea level.
(c) Transportation.?Molotovsk is the terminus of a
railroad line originating in Moscow and passing through
Arkhangel'sk. Steam locomotives and wide-gage tracks
are used. Rail equipment, including mobile cranes, have
access to the port area over additional trackage installed
in 1944. In January 1944, storage tracks could accommo-
date about 350 cars.
The harbor consists of an indentation in the coast line,
with no breakwater. Tidal fluctuation amounts to 30
centimeters (1 foot). Limiting depth is 8.5 meters (27.9
feet). The port can handle up to five liberty ships capa-
ble of docking under their own power. The wharf, which
extends the length of the harbor, is of wood construction
and has the following dimensions: 762 meters (2,500 feet)
long, 305 meters (1,000 feet) wide, and 3 meters (10 feet)
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FIGURE VIII - 116
LIPETSK CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
TO VORONEZH 143 KM.
TO VORONEZH 135 KM.
ERS-AMS 6-41
LIPETSK
52?36/N 39?35/E
VORONEMSKAYA 0
LEGEND
1
LAST'
Urban areas
Industrial areas
Woods
Gully
Broad gage railroad
Through streets
Identified point
m2.22
O 1 2 Kilometers
0 1 Mile
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability generally good. Basic information recon-
ciled with aerial photography dated 1941.
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Barracks
2. Railroad bridge; length about
140 meters, single track, three
spans steel construction, two
piers height about 55 meters
3. Steel smelter and foundry
(with water tower)
4. Railroad station
5. Airfield
6 Street bridge across Lipovka
river gully
7. Street bridge across Voronezh
river
8. Dam and small reservoir
9. Large smelter
10. Armaments plant No.61
11. Large storage area
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A00020004660)81 VIII - 117
MOLOTOVSK CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
TO ARKHANGEL'SK, 32.2 KM.
ERS-AMS 6-48
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Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
? .I1a0,11tr-?:14.,.5:A.:1a.x.:41g:.:0,k,;,MIz.,XI:iiiMiIgir.1.i1:iIiMIgI
IDENTIFIED POINTS
I. Barracks
2. Radio trellis masts
3. Underground gasoline and oil tanks
4. Wood storage
5. Wood storage and sawmill
6. Woodworking plant
7. Coal storage,"Sondostroy" naval shipyard
8. Naval construction sheds
9. Harbor basin under construction
10. Lock for harbor basin (9)
11. Way with cross slip
12. Storage for wood and construction materials
13. Plants No. 12 and No. 13 for production of steel plates
14. Ship construction and repair shops
15. Models plant
16. Boiler rooms
17. Steam pipes
18. Power plant (boiler, machine, and control building)
19. Coaling installation with inclined elevator to power plant
20. Oil tank
21. Warehouses
22. Administration buildings
23. Cement-pouring plant (for construction of dock and basin)
24. Railroad classification yard
25. Warehouses
26. Railroad car repair shops
27. Radio station
28. Harbor basin under construction
S.
INSKAYA GUBA
1..?3r130?.
MOLO OVSK
(NOLINSK)
ARKIIIANGEL'SKAYA OBLAST
64?40,N 39?50,E
LEGEND
Identified point 0
Coal elevator
Broad gage railroad, single track
Streets
Unfenced, dirt, unimproved streets
0 500 , 1000 Meters
Li I i
0 500 1000 2000 3000 Feet
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability good. Basic information reconciled with aerial
photography dated 1944.
800 METERS
/ TO
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FIGURE VIII- 118
KRONSHTADT CITY PLAN
JANIS 40
CONFIDENTIAL
FORT
ALEKSANDR
_
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44 45 46 47 48 49 50
60
59
FORT
likkrri
RIF
il?r4\-N-\41L),
?
,
4.,
7
56
NO. 4
KRONSI ITADT
59?59'N 29?47'E
LENINGRADSKAYA 0 It LAST 9
SOUTH
LEGEND
Urban areas V A
Parks or recreation ETTITTM
Cemetery 14=.]
Railroad, single track (gage unknown)
streets
Suburban streets
Urban streets
Identified points 0
1 0 1 2-Kllo
ISLAND
NO. 3
1 1 Mlle
o
CONFIDENTIAL
Reliability generally good. Basic information
incomplete; approximate date 1942.
IDENTIFIED POINTS
1. Gas works
2. Hospital
3. Naval workshops with docks
4. Barracks
FORTS
5. Artillery barracks
6. Barracks
7. Artillery and munitions storage
8. Naval harbor
9. Middle harbor
10. Commercial harbor (now for submarines)
11. Powder factory, poison gas factory
12. Mine depot
13. Chemical factory
14. Prison for sailors of the Red Navy
15. Mine depot
16. Airfield
48 49 50 51
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Page VIII-79
high. Its facilities include six 5-ton and two 15-ton elec-
tric cranes, four 3-ton floating cranes, and two tugboats.
There are no buildings on the wharf and only a few ware-
houses on shore. Although weights of over 3 tons per
square meter (2.5 tons per square yard) are normally not
permitted, the wharf has been known to support up to 120
tons per square meter (100 tons per square yard).
There is an oil dock, and also a number of oil-storage
tanks, some underground. In February 1945, the army
was in charge of discharging tankers, guarding tanks,
and dispatching tank cars.
The only road out of the city area is a one-lane corduroy
road leading to the port. In March 1943, the best city
streets consisted of corduroy, made of small logs, and
not exceeding one-lane in width. In general, they follow
a gridiron pattern.
A small airfield is located about 2 kilometers (1.2 miles)
from the port and 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) northward off
the road to the city area. During the war, this field
was used for assembly of airplanes delivered to Molotovsk
by water. There were also facilities for seaplane landings.
The city has no system of local transport.
(d) Industry and commerce.?A shipbuilding and re-
pair yard covered an area of 179,000 square meters (1,926,-
000 square feet) in 1941. There were a number of metal
industries. A large hangar-type building 31 meters (102
feet) high, 90 meters (295 feet) wide, and 300 meters (984
feet) long, on the western outskirts appeared unfinished
and unused early in 1944. Its purpose is not known.
In 1944, a number of warehouses had been built or were
under construction in the restricted docking area. Four
reservoir tanks in the port area are used for storing
toluene, gasoline, fuel oil, and alcohol. Tank cars load
from discharge pipes within the restricted area. Other
facilities are used for wood and coal storage.
With the exception of the local fish catch, all food is
brought in from outside sources.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Molotovsk, developed
since 1941, had no wartime civilian population. A few
government buildings are three-story and built of stone.
The remaining structures consist of wooden housing for
workers. Most wartime labor was supplied from three
concentration camps. In addition, a railroad labor camp
was located in the vicinity.
A military hospital, located near the center of town,
is reported to have inadequate facilities. No data are
available on the civilian hospital. An existing first aid
dressing station has very crude facilities.
(f) Utilities.?Water is brought by tugboat from the
Severnaya Dvina; its treatment is unknown. The town
has no street drains or storm sewers. However, apart-
ments and residences near the center of town, which
houses between 40% and 45% of the population, have a
water-borne sewerage system.
A large thermo-electric power plant with a 50,000-
kilowatt capacity (February 1945) is located one block
north of the dockyard. It supplies the city and shipyard
with electric power and provides heat for some adjoining
buildings. There is also a central heating plant. In
Original
March 1942, a voltage transformer plant supplied three
high-tension lines extending south and southwest.
(g) Communications.?The town is served by a radio
station. Telegraph connections are probably used in con-
junction with the railroad.
(22) Kronshtadt (Kronstadt) (59?59'N, 29?47'E). Lenin-
gradskaya Oblast', RSFSR. Population: 60,000 in 1939.
(FIGURES VIII-118 and VIII-119, 32)
(a) Importance.?The city was formerly an impor-
tant commercial port. Since completion of the channel
to Leningrad, however, it has become exclusively a naval
base, barred to civilian commerce.
(b) Physical characteristics.?Kronshtadt is located
49 kilometers (30 miles) west of Leningrad, on the eastern
end of Ostrov Kotlin (island). The low-lying island is
surrounded by shallow water. It divides the entrance to
Nevskaya Guba i7ito north and south channels. The
fresh water Gulf of Finland is located to the east.
The urban area, approximately 14 square kilometers
(5 square miles) , has a fairly uniform elevation of 0.2
meters (0.7 feet) . The central part of the city is sur-
rounded by a wall with three gates, with suburbs beyond.
It is also divided into arbitrary zones designated for naval
operations and administrative functions.
(c) Transportation.?A local railway serves the
island and a number of outlying forts. However, there
are no road or rail connections with the mainland.
The port is an important base of the Soviet Baltic fleet.
Three harbors are located on the southeastern coast of the
island; two are used by destroyers and large vessels (8, 9),
and one is for submarines (10) . Docks are provided for
ships of all sizes. There are two floating docks, one dry-
dock, and other repair facilities (3).
An airfield (16) and seaplane landing are located on the
northwestern end of the island.
(d) Industry and commerce.?In addition to the
shipyards, Kronshtadt has several plants producing war
goods, including two chemical plants (poison gas), a pow-
der factory, and a mine factory. A sawmill, a slaughter-
house, and a bakery are also located in the city.
Storage facilities for war materiel are numerous and in-
elude artillery storage (7), a powder magazine, mine de-
pots (12, 15), and various munitions dumps, some camou-
flaged. A former church has been converted into a grain
elevator. Lumber yards and oil tanks are also available.
(e) Billeting and hospitals.?Potential billeting in-
cludes barracks (4, 5, 6), schools (artillery, naval, Kirov
submarine), prisons for naval (14) and military personnel.
a Red Army House, a customs house, a secret police build-
ing, and various administration buildings (admiralty,
coastal defense headquarters, military port). There is at
least one hospital (2).
(f) Utilities.?The city is served by a water supply
system with pumping station, a power plant, and a gas
works (1).
(g) Communications.?Telecommunications include
a telegraph station and one coastal radio station. There
is also submarine cable connection with Lisiy Nos (cape).
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TABLE VIII- 14
SELECTED SMALL TOWNS IN EUROPEAN USSR
(This table lists only the known data. Many towns may have other facilities not listed herein.)
Undated population figures are from prewar German sources.
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Aleksandrov (67) *
(Alexandrov)
56?24'N, 38?43'E
Pop. 15,000 (1932)
Alatyr' (124)
54?51'N, 46?35'E
Pop. 25,000 (1932)
Arzamas (122)
55?22'N, 43?50'E
Pop. 22,690 (1932)
Atkarsk (190)
51?52'N, 45?00'E
Pop. 15,000 (1931)
Azov (255)
47?05'N, 39?22'E
Pop. 20,000 (1932)
Balakhna (59)
56?35'N, 43?32'E
Pop. 15,300 (1932)
On banks of Sera-
ya river.
Vladimirskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Elevation: 179 m.
At confluence of
Alatyr' and Sura
rivers.
Chuvash ASSR,
RSFSR.
On right bank of
Tesha river.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On Yetkara river
near its conflu-
ence with the
Medveditsa.
Elevation: 150 m.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
In Don estuary
area 23 km. SW
of Rostov - na -
Donu.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right bank
of the Volga 32
km. NW of Gor'-
kiy.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Junction of Moscow-
Yaroslavl', Aleksandrov-
Ivanovo, and Aleksan-
drov - Orekhovo - Zuyevo
lines.
Air: Airfield.
Internal: Wide main street.
Rail: Connections with
Moscow-Kazan' and Rya-
zan'-Ul'yanovsk lines.
Water: River harbor.
Internal: Bridge.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of Moscow-
Kazan' and Gor'kiy- Sar-
ansk lines.
Air: 3 airfields.
Rail: Junction of Saratov-
Tambov line.
Road: 2 hwy. bridges.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Connection with Ros-
tov-na-Donu.
Air: 2 airfields.
Water: Steamer connec-
tion with Rostov-na-
Donu and Kagal'nik;
usefulness of harbor re-
duced by silting.
Rail: Connection with
Gor'kiy.
Munitions dump.
Machine shop (production of guns,
machine guns, and shells) .
Motor plant, car-repair shops, radio
receiver plant No. 3.
Hides, furs, leather, clothing, shoes;
textiles; book publishing; wood-
working industry; distillery; state
farm in vicinity.
Monastery.
Palace.
Museum.
Aviation school (mili-
tary) .
Trade in grain, cattle, and lumber;
tractor station; metalworking, lo-
comotive and car shops; locomo-
tive-repair shops; clothing and
knitting mills; saw mills; con-
sumers' goods.
Tractor station; car-repair shops;
hides, furs, and leather; fulling
of wool and felt; fruit-canning;
distillery and brewery; starch
works.
Second to Gor'kiy in oblast as trade
center for agricultural products.
Tractor station; machine shops; Sanatorium
metalworking; dairy products and grounds.
margarine; flour and oilseed
mills.
State farm in vicinity.
Export of grain by way of Taganrog.
Tractor station; printing plant;
shipyards, chemicals, textiles;
hides and furs; stocking and shoe
factories; woodworking; fish can-
nery; distillery; flour mill and
cereal plant.
Largest paper factory in the USSR.
(120,000 tons annually) .
Cellulose factory; soap, building
slabs, tannic acid; consumers'
goods; tractor station; state farm
in vicinity.
Power plant (1,000-3,000 Part of Moscow indus-
kw.; source of power?
coal) .
Power plant (500-1,000
kw.) .
Radio station RFXS.
Power plant (500-1,000
kw.) .
Cold storage plant.
Radio station RFXK.
and Power plant (500-1,000
kw.; source of power?
petroleum) .
Cold storage plant.
Radio telegraph station.
Telephonic and telegraphic
connections.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
2 radio stations, 1 ground-
to-air.
trial area.
Area populated chiefly
by Turki-speaking
groups.
Gridiron street pat-
em.
Forest area at eastern
edge of town.
Decline of town due to
competition of Ros-
tov-na-Donu and to
silting up of harbor.
Port of local impor-
tance only.
2 power plants (35,000 kw. Street pattern gener-
(1943) , 204,000 kw.) . ally gridiron.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals.
and
billeting
Balashov (189)
51?33'N, 43?10' E
Pop. 40,000
Baranovichi (156)
(Baranowicze)
53?08'N, 25?59'E
Pop. 26,440 (1937)
Belaya Tserkov'
(215)
49?48'N, 3007'E
Pop. 46,000 (1932)
Belgorod (178)
50?35'N, 36?36'E
Pop. 36,000
32,500 (1932)
Belgorod - Dnes-
trovskiy (237)
(Cetatea Alba.
(Akkerman)
46?11'N, 30?23'E
Pop. 34,490 (1930)
On left bank of
Khoper river W
of Saratov.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Baranovichskaya
Oblast', Wh it e
Russian SSR.
SSW of Kiev. On
Ross' river.
Kiyevskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On the right
(chalk) bank of
the northern Do-
nets.
Elevation: 190 m.
Kurskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
On the right shore
of the Dnestr es-
tuary.
Izmail'skaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square
Rail: Line to Tambov.
Air: 4 airfields.
Rail: Important junction of
railroads from Brest or
Volkovysk to Minsk, and
Vil'nyus to Rovno. Main
and freight stations with
extensive trackage.
Road: Hwy. connections
with Novogrudok and
Slonim.
Air: Airfield enlarged by
the Russians.
Rail: On Fastov - Dnepro-
petrovsk line.
Road: Good hwy. connec-
tions.
Air: 3 airfields.
Rail: Junction on Moskva-
Tula-Khar'kov and Bob-
rik-Kupyansk lines; 2
bridges.
Road: Hwy. junction; 2
bridges.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: On the Belgorod-
Dnestrovskiy - Kishinev
line.
Road: Hwy. connections
with Budaki, Bolgrad,
and Bendery.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Harbor unsuitable
for larger oceangoing
vessels; 5 landing stages
(4 of stone, 1 of wood (for
passengers) ).
miles
Tractor station.
Aircraft factory (No. 28) ; aircraft
repair plant No. 88.
Metalworking; conveyor machinery
industry; clothing and knitting
mills; flour mills, dairy products,
and fruit canning; distillery;
trade in grain.
Weaving; tanning; plaster and ce-
ment plant; brickyards; fat re-
fining; soap and candle works;
wine, liqueurs, cheese; cereal
mills; slaughterhouse.
Gasoline and oil dump (military)
(5,000 barrels capacity) ; 2 mili-
tary depots; munitions dump; air
forces depot.
Machine shop.
Chalk quarries and plant.
Arms factory No. 31 (automatic re-
volvers, machine guns; 12,360
workers) .
2 brickyards; 2 oil-processing
plants; flour mill.
Export of grain to Odessa; import
of coal from Mariupol'.
Trade in wine, fish, tallow, and
wool.
Shipyards; salt works; production
of tallow and candles.
Three aviation
schools.
Technical schools.
Several hospitals.
13 schools.
Large group of bar-
racks (infantry and
artillery). New
R us s ian barracks.
Artillery and infan-
try quarters.
Hospital.
Barracks.
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.; oil-burning).
2 radio stations, 1 at air-
field.
Power plant belonging to
R.R. (420 kw.) .
Water and pumping plant,
2 water towers.
Main post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Fire department.
Broadcasting transmitter
(50 kw., antennae 150 m.
high) .
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network ESE and
NNW.
Radio station RKKP.
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant.
Post office.
Telegraph and telephone
amplifying station.
Commercial air-ground ra-
dio station.
Police radio station.
Remarks
2,853 dwellings (1931
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
Built-up area about 3
sq. km.
Mixed population of
Ukrainians, Rus-
sians, Greeks, Ar-
menians, and Jews.
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TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Name
Geographical
Means of access
Resources
Health, hospitals,
Utilities
coordinates
characteristics
and internal
and
and
and
Remarks
population
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Belomorsk (12)*
(Soroka)
(Sorokhan)
64?32'N, 34?45'E
Pop. 15,000 (1938)
Belozersk (44)
60?02'N, 37?48'E
Pop. 7,500 (1932)
Bel'tsy (232)
(Balti) (Byeley)
47?46'N, 27?56'E
Pop. 30,750 (1930)
Bendery (235)
(Tighina)
(Bender)
46?50'N, 29?28'E
Pop. 39,000 (1930)
Bezhetsk (75)
57?47'N, 36?41'E
Pop. 15,000 (1932)
Bezhitsa (147)
(Ordzhonikidze-
grad)
(Bolva-AAF. 167
chart) ?
53?19'N, 34?19'E
Pop. 82,330 (1939)
At mouth of Vyg
river Kanal
Imeni Stalina
(Stalin White
Sea - Baltic Ca-
nal), Canal in
Onezhskaya Gu-
ba (Gulf of One-
ga) on Beloye
More (White
Sea) .
Karelo-Finnish
SSR.
On S shore of Be-
bye Ozero, and
o n Belozerskiy
Kanal.
Vologodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right bank
of Reut, a tribu-
tary of the Dnes-
tr.
Moldavian SSR.
On the right bank
of the Dnestr
river.
Moldavian SSR.
North of Kalinin.
Kalininskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
10 km. N of Bry-
ansk.
Bryanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Connection with the
Murmansk R.R. bridge.
Road: Hwy. bridges.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Terminus of Stalin
White Sea - Baltic Canal.
Deep harbor sheltered by
moles, for large ocean-
going vessels.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Belozerskiy Kanal.
Rail: Junction on the Mo-
gilev-Podol'skiy - Ia?i
line; also line to Slo-
bodka.
Road: On Soroki-Ia?i and
Khotin-Kishinev roads.
Air: 3 airfields.
Rail: On Odessa-Kishinev
and Bendery-Kaushany
lines.
Road: Hwys. to Kishinev
and Kaushany; combined
hwy. and R.R. bridge over
the Dnestr.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On the Shcherbakov-
Bologoye line.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Spur line to Bryansk;
freight station.
Road: Hwy. bridge over
Desna river.
Air: Airfield.
2 sawmills; shipbuilding; produc-
Barracks.
Power plant.
Locks and dam across
tion of building materials.
Military hospitals.
4 radio stations, 2 coastal.
Stalin White Sea -
Fish cannery planned in 1945, to
produce 1 million cans annually.
Oil tanks; R.R. repair shops.
Barracks.
Water towers.
Baltic Canal.
Munitions and fuel
dumps.
Labor camps in vicin-
ity; mining, lumber
Coal and sulfur mines nearby.
Machine shop, sulfur refining, dis-
tilleries, foodstuffs industry.
Tractor station.
Aircraft repair shop.
Sugar refinery; oil-pressing plant.
Trade in sheepskins, cattle, wine,
and fruits.
Trade in agricultural products;
grain, wine, fruit, maize, melons,
and tobacco.
Windmills.
Metalworking.
Garage accessories.
Distillery.
Armaments plant No. 13.
Locomotive and car shops (includ-
ing power plant) .
Conveyor machinery; machine
shops.
Chemical industry (based on coke) .
Textiles; alimentary pastes.
Munitions dump.
Two hotels.
Power plant (1) : 100 to 500
kw.
Radio station RDAW.
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph
office.
3 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network E, SW,
and NW.
Officers' quarters in Post, telegraph,
old fortress.
phone office.
industry, quarries,
and work on Bal-
tic - White Sea Ca-
nal.
Corps Headquarters.
and tele- Old fortifications with
towers, wall, and
ditches; church in-
side walls.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Thermal power plant.
Factory-heating plant.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio station at airfield.
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Name
coordinates
population
Bobruysk (152)
(Bobruisk)
53?10'N, 29?12'E
Pop. 84,110 (1939)
Bologoye (77)
57?53'N, 34?05'E
Pop. 15,000 (1932)
Borisoglebsk (185)
51?22'N, 42?05'E
Pop. 52,060 (1939)
Borisov (99)
54?17'N, 28?30'E
Pop. 33,400 (1932)
Borovichi (42)
52?25'N, 33?57'E
Pop. 28,420 (1932)
Bryansk (146)
53?15'N 34?21'E
Pop. 87,500 (1939)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
On the navigable Rail: On the Minsk-Gomel' Newspaper; peat cutting; machine Hotels. Post office.
Berezina. R.R. construction. University. Power plant (15,000 kw.).
Bobruyskaya Road: Highway junction Clothing; veneer; furniture; saw-Central library. Radio station RRS.
Oblast', White (2 steel bridges cross the mills. Military camp.
Russian SSR. Berezina) . Canning; spirits and brandy; to-
Air: 2 airfields. bacco factory; cereal mills.
On a lake, 330 km. Rail: Junction of Moskva-Car-repair shop. Small power plant. Supply dump 9 km.
NW of Moscow. Leningrad, Bolo goy e-Ordnance office. Telephone and telegraph WNW of center of
Kalininskaya Shcherbakov, Bologoye-Grain elevators 9 km. WNW of cen-connections. town.
Oblast', RSFSR. Pskov, and Bologoye-ter of town. Radio station RFAU.
At confluence of
Vorona and
Khoper rivers.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the Berezina, 80
km. NE of Minsk.
City proper is on
the left bank,
Novo - Borisov on
the right bank.
Minskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
On the Msta river
(filled with rap-
ids) .
Novgorodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the high, right
bank of the Des-
na.
Bryanskaya
Oblast' RSFSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTOR:
1 kilometer-0.62 miles
Nevel'-Molodechno lines.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Orel-Gryazi-Stal-
ingrad line.
Air: 6 airfields.
Water: River harbor.
Rail: Minsk-Orsha line.
Steel R.R. bridges over
the Berezina R.R. station.
Road: On Minsk-Moscow
hwy. Timber hwy. bridge
over the Berezina.
Air: 1 airfield. 4 other
fields in the vicinity.
Water: Starting point for
passenger and tug-drawn
traffic on the Berezina.
Rail: Terminus of a branch
of Leningrad - Moscow
line.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Junction of Moscow-
G om e Bryansk-Orel,
Bryansk-Smolensk, Bry-
ansk-Khar'kov, and Bry-
ansk-Dyat'kovo line s;
main station on left bank
of Desna; switching yard.
Road: Hwy. junction; 3
bridges over Desna.
Air: Plane connections;
main air base.
Internal: Main street par-
allels bank of Desna.
Printing plant; R.R. shops; metal- Aviation school.
working. Other schools.
Clothing and knitting mills; brick-
yard; cannery; flour mill; trade
in agricultural products.
Farm products; peat cutting; Hotels.
metalworking; shoes and leather Aviation school.
goods; glass and porcelain; ye- Barracks.
neered woods; furniture.
Matches, Krasnaya Berezina plant.
Chemical wood derivatives; saw-
mills; paper mill; brickyard;
match industry in Novo-Borisov;
alimentary pastes; military mag-
azine.
Headquarters of the Borovichi-Oku-
lovka Industrial District.
Fire bricks; hemp and jute indus-
try; clothing and knitting mills;
woodworking; machine and trac-
tor repair shop; lignite mining in
vicinity.
Peat-cutting;
Artillery arsenal (production of
gun-mounts).
Uritskiy carshops; conveyor ma-
chinery; coal mines; coke plant;
super phosphates; glass; textiles;
shoes; Vorovskiy cement factory;
woodworking; distillery; flour
mills; state bank.
Hospital.
Technical and trade
schools.
2 hotels.
2 monasteries.
School of architec-
ture.
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Post office and radio sta- Raion center.
tion.
Power plant (3,000 kw.) .
Radio station REBH.
Power plant, steam-driven
(7,000 kw.) .
New fire house (1941) .
Large power plant (22,000 Munitions dump No.
kw.; peat-burning) . 44.
By Dec. 1944, power capac- Cathedral.
ity of 5,000 kw. had been Museum.
restored.
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Radio telegraph station.
3 radio stations.
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TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Chapayevsk (131) *
(Ivashchenkovo)
52?58'N, 49?42'E
Pop. 58,000 (1939)
Cheboksary (55)
56?10'N, 47?15'E
Pop. 12,000 (1932)
Cherpovets (45)
59?07'N, 37?57'E
Pop. 24,900 (1932)
Cherkassy (214)
49?25'N, 32?03'E
Pop. 51,690 (1939)
Chernigov (172)
51?31'N, 31?20'E
Pop. 35,000 (1932)
67,400 (1939)
Chistipol' (128)
55?22'N, 50?35'E
Pop. 15,800 (1932)
On the Chapayevka
river near its
confluence with
the Volga.
About 35 km. SW
of Kuybyshev.
Kuybyshevskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
In a pocket on the
right bank of the
Volga at the con-
fluence of the
Cheboks arka,
Kaybulka, a n d
Volga rivers.
Capital of the
Chuvash ASSR,
RSFSR.
On Sheksna river.
Vologodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
Dnepr river.
Kiyevskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On the elevated
right bank of the
Desna river in
the valley of a
stream (Striz-
hen') which di-
vides the town
into two parts;
Mt. Boldina in
vicinity.
Elevation: 130 m.
Chernigovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On left bank of
Kama river, ESE
of Kazan'.
Tatar ASSR,
RSFSR.
Rail: On the Penza-Kuyby-
shev line.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Steamer-landing.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Leningrad-Kirov line.
Water: River port. Steam-
er traffic.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Bakhmach-Odes-
sa line.
Road: Hwy. connections.
Water: River harbor;
transshipment of wood.
Rail: R.R. junction.
Air: 2 airfields.
Water: River harbor of
slight importance.
Rail: R.R. bridge over
Kama river.
Road: Two dirt roads (2-
lane) ; one to Mamadysh;
one to SW.
Air: Airfield (fair weather) .
Water: Freighters under
500 tons can use Kama
river.
Tractor station.
Plant for production of explosives,
power, and chemical warfare
agents.
Printing plant; woodworking; saw-
mills; shoes and leather; brick-
yard; distillery; consumers'
goods; production of sunflower
oil.
Newspaper; machine and repair Hotels.
shops; light industries; sawmills; Teachers' college.
canneries; distilleries.
Printing plant (newspaper) . Hotels.
Tractor station; machine shops; Theater.
metalworking; woo dworkin g;
clothing; sawmills; brickyards;
cannery; sugar refinery; tobacco
processing.
Printing plants (newspapers) . Hotels.
Peat-cutting; metalworking; tex- Barracks.
tiles; synthetic rubber; Chernig- Monastery.
ovskiy Khim-Kombinat (chemical
plant) .
Brickyards; sawmills; canneries;
distillery; flour mills.
Tractor station; 3 large parachute
and gas-mask factories; ship-
yards (for repairs) ; textiles;
woodworking; flour mills; asphalt
deposits in vicinity.
Normal school.
Agricultural school.
Technical school.
2 power plants (13,500 kw.) .
Small power plant (100-500
kw.) .
Broadcasting station.
Post office.
Telegraph office.
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (30,000 kw.,
1947).
2 radio stations.
Post office.
Telegraph office.
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, N and S.
Post and telegraph office.
4 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, N, SSE,
SW, and W.
Broadcasting station and
intrastate r adio- tele-
graph.
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.; oil-burning) .
Radio station RGAE.
Libraries.
Museums.
Museums.
Cathedral.
Museum.
Irregular gridiron
street pattern.
Built-up area about 5
sq. km.
New towns not shown
on maps in vicinity.
Biological station of
University of Ka-
zan'.
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ioRuapijuoD
Name I
Geographical
I characteristics
coordinates
population
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Chuguyev (207)
49?51'N, 36?42'E
Pop. 20,000 *
Daugavpils (96)
(Dvinsk)
(Diinaburg)
55?53'N, 26?32'E
Pop. 45,160 (1935)
Dneprodzerzhinsk
(211)
(Kamenskoye)
48?31'N, 34?38'E
Pop. 147,800 (1939)
Drogobych (229)
(Drohobycz)
approx.
49?10'N, 23?20'E
Pop. 33,730 (1937)
32,000 (1940)
On northern Do-
nets river SE of
Khar'kov.
Khar'kovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On right bank of
Daugava river.
Daugava river (the
Zapadnaya
Dvina) 200 m.
wide here. High
levee protects
city from flood.
Latvia.
On right bank of
Dnepr river
WNW of Dnepro-
petrovsk.
Dnepropetrovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
At rim of eastern
Beskidy Vskhod-
nyye Mts., on
Tysmenitsa river
(tributary of
Dnestr) .
Drogobychskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Rail: On Khar'kov-Kup-
yansk line.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of following
lines: Leningrad-Brest,
Riga-Vitebsk, Liepaja-
Siauliai
2 freight stations.
2 passenger stations.
Road: Junction of first-
class hwys: Riga-Vil'-
nyus, Siauliai-Vitebsk.
Air: 4 airfields.
Water: Ocean navigation.
Internal: Gridiron pattern
of streets. Railroad and
highway bridge over the
Daugava.
Rail: Lines to Dnepro-
petrovsk, Krivoy Rog,
Kremenchug, and Cher-
kassy.
Rail: Junction of lines to
Sambor, Stryy, Borislav,
and Truskavets.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield with 4 subter-
ranean gasoline tanks
(subterranean gasoline
depot under construction
in 1941).
*Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Tractor station; construction of
machinery; metalworking; con-
sumers' goods.
Railroad shops; foundry; forges;
machine shops; cement; wool and
silk mills; leather goods; oil
pressing; cereal mills; breweries;
grease rendering; soap factories.
Grain elevator; plant for chemical
warfare agents.
Large steel-rolling mill (power from
gas and dynamos (2 power plants
of about 2,500 hp.) ) .
Smelting.
Ammonium nitrate plant, restored
(March 1947).
Large metallurgical works (near
Tritusnoye Station).
Pravda car shops (with steel foun-
dry; 2 electric ovens with annual
cap. 20,000 t. (1936) ).
Textiles, brickyard, sawmills, con-
veyor machinery.
Oil refineries; 6 fuel depots for mo-
tor vehicles; large grain eleva-
tors; production of crude oil and
natural gas; crude-oil pipe in-
stallations (approx. 200,000 m.) ;
oil tanks (98,250 tons) .
In 1936 crude-oil production was
26,081 tons, lubricating oil 9,868
tons, paraffin 5,533 tons, asphalt
4,814 tons.
Steel; copper; chemicals; salt mine;
sawmills.
Hospitals.
2 hotels.
2 barrack camps.
2 hospitals.
14 schools.
Former prison used
for billeting troops.
Power plant in vicinity
(48,000 kw.) .
Waterworks.
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Tank storage.
Hydroelectric plant (198,000
kw.) .
Air-mail service.
Probably on telephone-
telegraph network.
Power plant (4,700 kw., 550
and 5,400 V.).
Gas plant.
Water system.
Post and telephone office.
3 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, SSE, SW,
and WNW.
Old Diinaburg for-
tress.
2,735 houses (1931) .
Corps Hq.
Munitions and arms
depot in former
Forestry Building.
Subterranean arms
depot.
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a
TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Dzerzhinsk (61)*
(Rastyapino-
AAF. 154 chart.)
56?14'N, 43?30'E
Pop. 103,400 (1939)
Enso (23)
approx.
61?00'N 28?50'E
Pop. 11,000 (1940)
Feodosiya (248)
(Kefe) (Kaffa)
45?02'N, 35?23'E
Pop. 27,400 (1932)
Gatchina (36)
(Krasnogvarde-
ysk)
59?34'N, 30?08'E
Pop. 42,000 (1936)
Gomel' (148)
52?33'N, 31?58'E
Pop. 144,200 (1939)
On left bank of
Oka river.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the Vuoksi
(Vuoksa) .
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the S coast of
the Krym (Cri-
mea) and the NE
slopes of the
Tete-Oba. Har-
bor lies in bay
formed by S
coast of Kerch'.
Peninsula and E
coast of the
Krym. W section
of bay sheltered
by Mys
(cape).
Krymskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
On both sides of
White Lake (Be-
bye Ozero),
formed by the
Izhora river; 45
km. SSW of Len-
ingrad.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right high
bank of the Sozh
river.
Gomel'skaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
Rail: On Moscow-Gor'kiy
line.
Rail: On the Antrea-Khi-
tola R.R.
Rail: Connected with Se-
vastopol'-Khar'khov line.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Chief commercial
harbor of the Krym (ice-
free throughout year) ; 12
docks; movable steam
crane.
Rail: On Leningrad-Pskov
a n d Leningrad-Narva
lines; suburban line elec-
trified through Uritsk to
Leningrad.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Rail junction; 3 sta-
tions (passenger, switch-
ing, and freight) . R.R.
bridge.
Road: Highway bridge.
Air: 2 airfields.
Water: River port.
Chemical and munitions plants in-
cluding the Kalinin.
Oil refinery; armaments; steel
mills; auto, tractor, and conveyor
machinery repair shops.
Various chemical plants (fats, soap,
glycerine, phosphorus, chlorine,
prussic acid, gypsum, and lime;
poison gas) .
Distillery; rope, macaroni, meats,
bread.
3 state farms in vicinity.
Cellulose and vegetable fiber plants;
paper mill; sawmill; box factory.
Export of grain; 2 mechanical
grain elevators (6,500 tons) ; 24
grain warehouses (2.3 hectares,
48,000 tons) .
Export of coal in winter (bitumi-
nous and anthracite) .
Fisheries (including caviar) .
Production of sodium sulfate.
Foundry, metalworking; brickya-d;
furs, carpets, textiles; soap; to-
bacco processing (new cigarette
factory) .
Barracks.
Aviation school.
Theater.
Metallurgical industry; Peat-cut- Aviation school.
ting; tractor station; wood in-
dustry; paper-machine factory.
Car- and locomotive-repair shop;
aircraft plant No. 140; agricul-
tural machinery and implements;
ball-bearing plant; ' aluminum
plant; chemical plant.
Newspaper; glass and porcelain in-
dustry; knit goods; shoes and
leather goods; sawmills; match
factories; veneer factor ie s;
chemical forest products; trade
in farm and industrial products;
grain elevator; gasoline storage;
Hotels.
Aviation school.
Barracks.
Power plant (50,000 kw.; Rapidly growing in-
coal-burning) . dustrial city.
Air-mail service.
Hydroelectric plant at Rou-
khiala (Raukhiya) (50,-
000 kw. (1946) ) .
Power plant (500 kw.) .
Radio telegraph station.
Coastal radio station.
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, N and W.
Intrastate radio-telegraph
station.
3 radio stations.
Small power plant.
Gas works.
Sewerage system.
Radio station.
Power plant.
Post office.
Radio-telegraph station.
Broadcasting station RW-
40.
Museums.
Art gallery.
Meteorological insti-
tute.
Churches and
mosques.
Mixedpopulation
(Russians, Ger-
mans, Tatars,
Greeks, Armenians,
Jews) .
Oriental art museum
in former castle;
large park.
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a
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Gomel (Continued)
grease and bone rendering; sugar
distilleries; cereal mills; tractor
station.
IDH.uapguo)
Gorlovka (202)
48?18'N, 38?03'E
Pop. 108,700 (1939)
Gorodenka (225)
(Horodenka)
approx.
48?40'N, 25?35'E
Pop. 13,500 (1937)
Gorodets (60)
56?45'N, 43?22'E
Pop. 12,170 (1932)
Grodno (161)
(Gardinas)
53?40'N, 23?50'E
Pop. 50,120 (1937)
In a river valley of
the Donets plain;
NNE of Stalino.
Elevation: 220 m.
Stalinskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
In the foothills of
the East Beskids
south of the
Dnestr river and
on one of its
tributaries.
Stanislavskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On the left, steep
bank of the Vol-
ga river; NW of
Gor'kiy.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
City proper on the
right bank of the
Neman (Niemen,
Nemen, N e m u-
n a s , Memel)
river.
Suburb of Zane-
manskiy on the
left bank.
The Neman here
forms a deeply
cut valley.
Gorodnichank a
creek cuts a deep
ravine on the
right of the Ne-
man, dividing
Grodno into the
northwest ern
quarter of Ko-
lozha and the
northern quarter
of Zavershchizna
(Zawierszczyzna).
Grodnenskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
Rail: On Khar'kov - Ros-
tov-na-Donu line; freight
station.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Stefanehsti-Ko-
lomyya line.
Road: Junction of hwys. to
Sny a ty n, Chernovtsy,
Chortkov, Kolomyya, and
Tlumach.
Air: Airfield (300 by 600
m.) ; 7 km. SW of the
town.
Rail: Nearest station at
Gorka, 20 km. distant (on
a spur-line from Gor'-
kiy) .
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of these
lines: Warszawa-Vil'nyus
Suwaki-Mosty Main sta-
tion. Main munitions
dump with loading plat-
forms.
Road: Highway junction.
Combined R.R. and hwy.
bridge over the Neman.
Air: Military airport under
construction (1941) , with
underground gasoline
and bomb storage.
Internal: City proper is of
irregular layout.
Munitions and explosives; chemical
warfare agents; coal mines;
Kirov machine shop; auto fac-
tory; car-repair shops; mining
machinery; chemicals; textiles;
spirits.
Nitrogen plant (deep-cooling proc-
ess; coke gas as raw material) .
Quarries; brickyard; linen weaving;
distillery; sugar and vinegar fac-
tory; slaughterhouse; cultivation
of corn and tobacco in area.
Tractor station; small shipyard.
Trade in building lumber and farm
products.
Machine factory; bicycles and
motorcycles; farm - implement
foundry; glass; tanning; cloth;
chalk quarries; printing plants,
book bindery; ceramic factories;
brickyards; 6 sawmills; steam-
powered and other cereal mills;
roofing paper; matches.
Tobacco products (once the largest
plant in Poland) .
Oil pressing; distillery, 3 breweries,
liqueurs.
Slaughterhouse; gasoline and oil
dump (400,000 liters) ; QM staff;
supply depot; military magazine.
Hospital.
6 schools.
5 hospitals.
Old and new military
hospitals.
34 schools.
3 hotels.
2 groups of barracks.
Russian troop garri-
son.
Power plant (12,000 kw.) .
Air mail service.
4 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, N, NE, E,
and S.
3 radio stations.
Power plant (1,026 kw., 380/
220 V.).
Post and telephone office.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Power plant, 3,075 kw., 250
and 6,600 V.
Waterworks with pumping
and filtration plant, 2
water towers.
Main post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Street pattern irregu-
lar combination of
radial and gridiron
plans.
Built-up area about
15 sq. km.
Large park in NW
quarter of town.
2,106 houses (1931) .
Medicinal springs in
vicinity.
4,045 dwellings in
1931.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square
miles
loguepu.uoD
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IDRU9NUOD
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Name
coordinates
population
Gryazi (140)*
52?30'N, 39'57'E
Pop. 12,000 (1931)
Gryazovets (48)
58?53'N, 40?10'E
Pop. 5,790 (1932)
Ivanovo (62)
(Ivanovo-
Voznesensk)
57?01'N, 41?00'E
Pop. 285,100 (1939)
Izhevsk (53)
56?52'N, 53?14'E
Pop. 175,700 (1939)
Izmail (236)
(Ismail)
45?20'N, 28?50'E
Pop. 25,000 (1930)
26,000 (1940)
Jelgava (87)
(Yelgava)
(Mitava)
(Mitau)
56?39'N, 23?45'E
Pop. 36,100 (1935)
TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
On right bank of
Matyra river, 116
km. NNE of Vo-
ronezh.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Junction of Moscow-
Voronezh - Rostov - na
Donu, Gryazi-Stalingrad,
and Yelets-Gryazi lines.
Air: Airfield.
Tractor station.
Machine shops.
Metallurgical industry.
Wood industry.
Stone for construction.
Consumers' goods.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
SSE of Vologda.
Rail: Vologda-Moskva line.
Tractor station.
Mineral springs.
Vologodskaya
Flax working.
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
Rail: Junction of the Alek-
Car repair shops. Medical institute.
2 power plants (38,000 kw.). Cathedral.
the non-naviga-
sandrov - Kineshma and
Construction of peat-mining ma-Hotel.
Post, telegraph, and tele-Museum.
ble Uvod' (tribu-
Novki - Nerekhta lines:
chinery. Theater.
phone office. Polytechnic institute.
tary of the Kly-
freight station and
Chemicals (phosgene and chlorine) . Advanced schools.
Radio broadcasting station Normal, trade, and
az'ma) ; NE of
switching yard.
Karolens Plant (gears).
RW-31 (10 kw.) . art schools.
Moscow.
Ivanovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Important textile center; one mill
produced 500,000 m. of cloth per
month in 1944.
Industrial academy.
Distillery; petroleum; woodwork-
ing; canning.
On left bank of Izh
Rail: On Kazan' - Votkinsk
Printing plant; tractor station; Advanced schools.
2 power plants (88,000 kw.). Cathedral.
river (navigable
line; freight station.
munitions plant; production of
Post office. Museum.
only by rafts) 42
km. above con-
fluence with Ka-
ma.
Udmurt ASSR.
Air: 2 airfields (one mili-
tary) .
small arms and machine guns.
Steel foundry; agricultural machin-
ery.
Machine plant (production of high
performance revolving lathes) .
Radio broadcasting station Technical, norm a 1,
RW-78. and workers'
schools.
(capital),
Motorcycles; brickyards; brewery.
RSFSR.
On left bank of Rail: Connections with
Fisheries.
Danube in delta
area.
Bendery.
Water: River harbor.
Textiles (industry now being re-
stored) .
Izmail'skaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On the Driksa river
(Drixe) , a branch
of the Lielupe
(the Curlandish
Aa) .
Latvia.
Rail: Junction lines:
1. Riga-Kaunas-Berlin
2. Riga-MaZeikiai-
Liepaj a
3. Jelgava-Krustpils
4. Jelgava-Tukums-
Ventspils
5. Riga-Saldus-Liepaj a
Road: 2 highways: Sovetsk
(Tilsit) -Riga and Talsi-
Bauska; and local roads.
Air: Airfield, 600 m. x 900
m. enlarged (Mar. 1941) ;
hangars.
Textile industries; rope; dyeing;
tanning; leather goods; vulcaniz-
ing; chemical laboratories; ma-
chine shops; forges; cement and
concrete; gypsum; clay products;
brick kilns; sawmills; sugar mill;
warehouses; grain elevator; lum-
ber yards; tank storage; cereal
mills; brewing; distilling; dairy
products; cheese; tobacco.
Hospital.
3 hotels with garages.
Boardinghouses.
Power plant (1,625 kw.) ; 4
steam turbines, 2 boilers.
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Trade center of a rich
farming region.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Jelgava
(Continued)
Kadnikov (50)
59?32'N, 40?20'E
Pop. 2,030 (1932)
Kaliningrad (263)
(Konigsberg)
54?45'N, 20?30'E
Pop. 315,700 (1933)
368,400 (1939)
Kaluga (105)
54?30'N, 36?15'E
Pop. 90,000 (1939)
Kalyazin (73)
57?15'N, 37?51'E
Pop. 7,300 (1932)
NE of Vologda.
Vologodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
the Pregel' (Peri-
gel) river 8 km.
from its mouth
(in the Frisches
Haff).
Kaliningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left, high bank
of Oka river (200
m. wide at this
point) at conflu-
ence with Yach-
enka.
Kaluzhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the high, right
bank of the
Volga river.
Kalininskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
Internal: Broad, straight
streets. Highway bridge
over the Driksa.
Rail: Nearest R.R. sta. is at
Sukhona, on the Volog-
da-Arkhangel'sk line, 21
km. away.
Air: 1 airfield.
Road: To Vologda.
Rail: Connections with Vir-
balis Baltiysk (Pillau),
Polessk (Labiau) , and
Krants; 2 bridges over
Pregel' river.
Road: 7 hwy. bridges over
Pregel' river.
Air: Airfield; modern air-
field with underground
hangars at Maraunen-
koof.
Water: Pillau Canal makes
port accessible to large
oceangoing vessels.
Rail: Junction of Smo-
lensk-Tula and Moscow-
Bryansk lines.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Water: Steamers on Oka
river; landings.
Rail: On the Moskva-Kal-
yazin-Uglich and Kal-
yazin-Krasnyy Kholm
lines; bridge over Volga;
water tanks; ramp for 50
cars.
Road: Good hwy. connec-
tions with Moscow.
Water: River harbor;
steamers on the Volga
(212 km. to Kalinin) .
Air: Airfield.
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Paper industry; chemically-treated
wood products; condensed milk.
Tractor station.
Printing plants; shipbuilding; loco-
motive shops; machine factories;
chemical industry; consumers'
goods; amber.
Plants restored in Kaliningrad-
skaya Oblast' as of April 1947; 4
cellulose-paper plants; machin-
ery plant; oxygen plant; 2 paper
mills; R.R. car shop; shipyards
(among largest in USSR).
Town in Moscow lignite basin.
Aircraft assembly and repair plant
(under construction 1941) .
Armaments factory; coal mining.
Machine plant; conveyor machin-
ery; electro-mechanical equip-
ment; scales and weights.
Steam turbine factory.
Textiles; leather; matches; saw-
mills; canning; distillery.
Tractor station.
Wool and felt fulling.
Clothing and knitting mills.
Hospital.
Palace.
University buildings.
Barracks.
3 hotels.
Monastery.
Theater.
Advanced schools.
Aviation school.
Monastery.
Power plant (17,500 kw.).
Post office.
Power plant (49,250 kw.).
Power plant (12,000 kw.,
coal-burning).
Hydroelectric plant under
construction in 1941 (25,-
000-50,000 kw.) .
Post, telephone, and tele-
graph office.
Radio telegraph station.
Cathedral.
Observatory.
Medical institute.
Two marsh areas on
outskirts of town.
City used primarily at
present as repair
and supply base for
Baltiysk naval base
(submarines, torpe-
do boats, etc.) ; re-
pair pens for sub-
marines near Fish-
gauzen (Primorsk,
formerly Fishgau-
zen).
Museums (in former
palaces).
Power plant (100-500 kw.). Cathedral with high
Telephone and telegraph bell tower.
connections. Museum.
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TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Kamenets - Podol'- On bank of Smot-
skiy (221)* rich river, near
48?43'N, 26?35'E its confluence
Pop. 50,000 (1939) with the Dnestr.
Kamenets-Podol'-
skaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
Kamensk (200)
(Kamensk-
Shakhtinskiy)
48?20'N, 40?16'E
Pop. 50,900 (1939)
Kamyshin (191)
50?08'N, 45?20'E
Pop. 18,480 (1926)
Kandalaksha (7)
(Kantalahti)
67?09'N, 32?30'E
Kashira (111)
54?51'N, 38?33'E
Pop. 23,000 (1935)
Kaunas (91)
Ca
(Kovno) (Kow-
no) (Kauen)
0 54?54'N, 23?55'E
On the right bank
of the Donets
river.
Elevation: 20 m.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
At confluence of
Kamyshinka and
Volga rivers.
Stalingradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
At mouth Of the
Niva into Kan-
dalakshskaya
Guba on the
White Sea; built
on tongue of
land.
Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right bank
of Oka river, 110
km. SSE of Mos-
cow.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On a point of land
at the confluence
the Neris (Vil-
iya) with the Ne-
Rail: On Shepetovka-Lip-
kany line.
Road: Junction of hwys. to
Chernovtsy, Ternopol',
and Ivane Puste.
Air: 2 military airfields.
Internal: Bridges connect
old city on rocky island
with newer sections.
Rail: On Voronezh-Rostov
line.
Water: Starting point for
river shipping.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Tambov-Kamy-
shin line; station 2 km.
from river harbor.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: On the Murmansk
R.R. Railroad construc-
tion westward via Kuo-
layarvi to Finland almost
finished (1941) .
Air: Airfield.
Water: Harbor conditions
unfavorable, but rebuild-
ing and expansion under
way (1941) . Several
wooden piers, 1 steel pier.
Rail: On Moscow-Saratov
line; R.R. bridge (steel)
over Oka river.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Junction of Gusev-
Siauliai and Kaunas-
Siauliai lines; steel bridge
over Nemunas R; tunnel
Printing plant (newspaper) ; ma- Hotels.
chine building; chemicals; litho- Theater.
graphic stones; clothing; can- Advanced schools.
ning; distilleries.
Phosphorite production in vicinity
(high content of phosphoric
acid) .
Coal mines. Technical school.
Large plant for repair of locomo- Normal school.
tives and cars.
Sawmills.
Nitrogen plant under construction
(1941) .
Agricultural Experimental Insti-
tute; tractor station; aluminum
plant; oil-storage area; chemical
plant; grain elevator; sawmills;
fruit-canning; macaroni factory;
flour mills; distillery.
Large electrochemical plant, pro- Barracks.
ducing phosphates from apatite
and aluminum oxide from apatite
waste and nephelin.
Aluminum plant, annual production
20,000 tons (about 5 km. from
center of town).
Production of titanium white (a
pigment) .
Car-repair shop; foundry and ma-
chine-repair shops; sawmill; fish
canneries.
Tractor station; locomotive shop
(heavy electric locomotives) ;
construction of turbines and gen-
erators.
Wood; shoes; clothing; consumers'
goods; three state farms in vi-
cinity.
Armaments.
Metalwares (heating apparatus,
pipes, agricultural machinery,
screws, nails, chains) .
Military hospital.
2 other hospitals.
7 large schools.
Hotels.
Power plant (oil-burning).
Post and telegraph office.
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, N and S.
2 power plants (50,000 kw.).
Power plant (500-1,000
kw.) (partly destroyed).
1,600,000 kw. (planned) .
Radio station RGMX.
Power from 3 plants on the
Niva above the city:
Niva Plant I: 30 km.
north, 60,000 kw.
Niva Plant II: 18 km.
north, 30,000 kw. (be-
ing expanded (1941) to
75,000 kw.) .
Niva Plant III: (under
construction, 1941) : 3
km. north, 150,000 kw.
3 radio stations.
Large power plant at Ka-
ganovich (4 km. distant)
(220,000 kw.; coal-burn-
ing) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio station RFAK.
Old power plant.
Main power plant (approx.
10,000 kw.) .
2 gas plants.
Town dominated by
.
castle built on a
height with walls
and towers; good
view of city.
Old city situated on
rocky island.
Artillery depot.
Technical school.
Museum.
Institute for popular
culture.
Agricultural institute.
Corps Hq.
Division Hq.
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
about 6
s r. n.
k
Built-up km.
R.R.
R.R. runs along SW
and W edges of
town.
Naval base under con-
struction (1941) .
Labor camp in vi-
cinity; aluminum,
nickel, and zinc
mining.
Old city built on point
of land formed by 2
rivers; suburbs
across rivers.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Kaunas
(Continued)
Pop. 154,000 (1939)
Keksgol'm (22)
(Kexholm)
(Kyakisalmi)
(Kakisalmi)
61?02'N, 30?10'E
Pop. 5,100 (pre-
1939)
Information in
1941 indicated
population was
evacuated.
Kern' (11)
(Kjem) (Kemb)
(Kemi)
65?00'N, 34?38'E
Pop. 6,600 (1928)
Kerch' (249)
45?21'N, 36?28'E
Pop. 104,500 (1939)
munas (Niemen,
Memel) .
City surrounded by
heights (60 m.) .
Outside the city
proper are the
suburbs of San-
Panemune,
Aleksoto, Viliam-
poles.
Lithuania.
On bank of the
northern distrib-
utary of the Vu-
oksi not far from
its mouth at La-
dozhskoye Ozero
(Lake Ladoga) .
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
At mouth of Kern'
river at Onezh-
skaya Guba (Bay
of Onega) of Be-
bye More (White
Sea) .
Karelio-Finnish
SSR.
On the W side of
the Kerch Strait;
at the foot of
Gora Mitridat.
Krymskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
transportation .
trade
billeting
telecommunications
in SE of town.
Road: Junction of Daugav-
pils-Suwatki, Klaipeda-
Vil'nyus and Kaunas-
Alytus roads; 2 bridges
over Nemunas (1 steel-
wood, 1 steel-concrete) ;
bridge over Neris river.
Air: Airfield.
Internal: Old city is crowd-
ed. Floating bridge across
Nemunas.
Rail: Connection with
Leningrad and Vyborg.
Rail: On the Leningrad-
Murmansk line. Spur to
outer harbor at Raboche-
ostrovsk (11 km. away) .
Air: Airfield.
Water: Harbor has deep
water.
Rail: R.R. connections with
Feodosiya; freight sta-
tion.
Air: 4 airfields and 4 auxil-
iary seaplane bases.
Water: Protected harbor;
bay freezes over 40 days
per year; icebreakers
keep strait open all year;
basin protected by broad
moles; oil harbor S of
town; Kerch' channel 7
m. deep. Canal through
center of town.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Steel-rolling mill.
Sheet metal, automobiles, electrical
and optical goods.
Chemicals: rubber, dyes, drugs,
soap, fertilizer.
Textiles: cotton, silk, wool.
Wood and paper industry.
Formerly large cellulose plant.
Sawmills.
Metalworking; car-repair shops;
large sawmill.
Chemical plant under construction
(1941) .
Brickyard; bakery; trade in lum-
ber, fish oil, hides.
Shipyards (for naval vessels) .
Iron and steel (smelting and rolling
mills) .
Brickyard; car-repair shops; dry-
dock facilities; chemical industry
(coke, soap) ; woodworking; can-
ning (fish, etc.) ; tobacco process-
ing; flour mills; salt and iron
mines and manganese deposits in
vicinity.
Barracks.
Barracks.
Theater.
Barracks.
Remarks
Waterworks.
Telephone central.
Post and telegraph office.
Automatic telephone sys-
tem.
2 radio stations.
Small power plant.
Radio station RDOC.
1 ground-to-ship radio sta-
tion.
Power plant (10,000 kw.) .
Water system.
10 radio stations (7
coastal).
Cable to Kosa Chushka
(spit) .
Telephone-telegraph net-
work line to W; 2 cables
(under water to European
Caucasus).
Intrastate radio-telegraph
station.
2 radio towers 76 m.
high.
Various public build-
ings dating from
period of Lithua-
nian independence.
Heavily damaged dur-
ing the Finnish-
Russian war.
Rabocheostrovsk (for-
merly Kern' Pris-
tan') : Workers set-
tlement and outer
harbor for Kern', on
the west shore of
the White Sea.
Piers totaling 250 m.
in length, several
large sheds, coal de-
pot.
Secret police building.
Munitions depot.
Gasoline and oil
dump.
Scientific institutes
(chiefly for pisci-
culture) .
Museum.
Irregular gridiron
street pattern with
some radial ele-
ments.
loi4uapu.uoD
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TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Kherson (241)*
(Cherson)
46?39'N, 32?37'E
Pop. 97,200 (1939)
Kinel' (129)
53?12'N, 50?41'E
Pop. 6,900 (1932)
Kirovograd (213)
(Zinov'yevsk)
(Kirovo)
(Yelizavetgrad)
48?31'N, 32?17'E
Pop. 100,300 (1939)
Kirovsk (5)
(Hiipina)
(Khibinogorsk)
67?37'N, 33?40'E
Pop. 30,000 (1940)
In the estuary of
the Dnepr river
at Dneprovskiy
Liman.
Khersonskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On left bank of
Bol'shoy Kinel'
river near its
confluence with
the Samara; 41
km. E of Kuyby-
shev.
Kuybyshevskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
Ingul river.
Elevation: 105 m.
at river. Maxi-
mum heights on
each side of
river:
160 m.
140 m.
Kirovogradskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
200 km. from Mur-
ma ns k. Sur-
rounded by
mountains. Cen-
ter of a mining
region.
Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Rail: R.R. terminus;
switchyards.
Air: 2 airfields.
Water: Harbor frozen over
from mid-Dec. till March
(84 days) ; 2 floating
docks under construction
(1941) ; channel to sea
68.5 km. long, 100 m.
wide, and suitable for
ships of 6.9 m. draught.
Internal: Paved streets
lead to docks.
Rail: On Kuybyshev-Ufa
and Kuybyshev-Chkalov
lines.
Rail: On Kremenchug-
Novo-Ukrainka line;
bridge over Ingul river.
Road: Roads leading SW,
SE, NW, E, and S.
Air: 10 airfields.
Rail: Funicular connection
with the Murmansk R.R.
(20 km. distant) ; also
R.R. connection.
Internal: Funicular 20 km.
long transports apatite
ore to the Murmansk
R.R. (at town of Apa-
tity) .
Air: Airfield.
Munitions plant; armored vehicle
plant.
Ship-repair facilities; shipyards
(now being restored) .
Parachute factory; agricultural ma-
chinery; motor-repair shops;
chemical indttStry; glass industry;
textiles and leather; canning;
brewing; distilling; flour mills;
soap; and glue.
Sulfur deposits; tractor station;
flour mills; car-repair shops;
brickyards; gypsum mining; 2
state farms in vicinity.
Aircraft factory; coal-mining;
agricultural machinery; chemi-
cals; textiles; edible oils; maca-
roni; flour mills; distillery.
Mining (apatite and nephelin) .
Plants at Apatity for producing
phosphates and crude aluminum;
2 million tons of apatite produced
in 1937.
Sawmill; several brickyards; print-
ing.
Military hospital.
Barracks.
Hotels.
Schools.
Hotels.
Aviation and para-
troopers' schools.
Cavalry school.
Theater.
Hospital.
Mining school.
Remarks
Large power plant.
Pumping station for water
system.
Post and telegraph office.
Coastal radio station.
4 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, NNE, SE,
SW, and NW.
Coastal, intrastate radio-
telegraph and commer-
cial airport radio sta-
tions.
Power plant (100-500 kw.;
oil-burning) .
Post office.
Radio telegraph station.
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, NE and
W.
Power plant (36,000 kw.) .
3 radio stations.
City consists of a
military suburb (be-
hind which the for-
mer fortress with
church, arsenal, and
barracks) , the city
proper, and the sub-
urb of Zabalka.
Cathedral and 12
churches.
Municipal library.
Institute for popular
culture.
Historical-archeologi-
cal museum.
Museum.
Regularly laid - out
town with fine bou-
levards.
Town area 6 sq. km.;
gridiron pattern.
Agricultural experi-
ment station.
Type F residential
area to N.
Fortified area on right
bank of river.
Race track (or sta-
dium) on SW edge.
New city, rapidly de-
veloping.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Kishinev (233)
(Chisinau)
47?01'N, 28?50'E
Pop. 130,000 (1946)
Kobrin (163)
(Kobryn)
52?13'N, 24?21'E
Pop. 12,000 (1937)
Kol'chugino (66)
(Kellerovo-AAF.
154 chart)
56?18'N, 39?23'E
Pop. 25,000 (1935)
Kolomyya (224)
(Kolomypa)
48?31'N, 25?02'E
Pop. 40,000 (1937)
On right bank of
Byk river; river
valley swampy.
Moldavian SSR.
(capital) .
At confluence of
the Mukhavets
and the Kobrin-
ka, ENE of Brest.
Brestskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
Vladimirskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the N slopes of
the East Beskids
Vskhodnyye and
in a broad valley
of the upper Prut
river.
Stanislavskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Rail: On Bendery-Iasi line.
Road: Junction of hwys. to
Bendery, Hui (Ruma-
nit) , Bolgrad, Iasi (Ru-
mania) , and Bel'tsy.
Air: Airfield.
Internal: Lower town has
narrow, winding streets;
upper town has broad,
straight streets on grid-
iron plan.
Rail: Station on the Brest-
Gomel' line.
Road: Junction of the fol-
lowing roads:
1. Brest-Slutsk
2. Kobrin-Pinsk
3. Kobrin-Wlodawa
Air: 3 airfields.
Rail: On Ivanovo-Moskva
line.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Junction of L'vov-
Chernovtsy, Kolomyya-
Stef aneshti, Kolomyya-
Valea-Viseului, and Ko-
lomyya-Sloboda Rungur-
skaya Kopal'nya lines.
Air: Airfield.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Cotton textiles; tanneries; edible
oils; distilleries; flour mills;
printing plants; slaughterhouse;
fuel dump; petroleum and gaso-
line tanks.
Trade in grain and cattle; meat
shipments.
Brickyards; steam-powered saw-
mill; cereal mills (2 motor-driven,
1 wind-driven) ; slaughterhouse;
tank depot.
Tractor station.
Large aluminum-rolling mill.
Metallurgical industry; machine
shops; oil refinery; chemicals;
textiles; tanneries; cement fac-
tory.
Pottery and tiles (one factory with
its own power plant) .
4 brickyards; 2 sawmills; flour mills.
Soap, candles, beer.
6 hospitals.
5 hotels.
6 large schools.
Paratroopers' school.
4 . barracks installa-
tions.
3 theaters, one re-
stored.
7 motion picture the-
aters restored.
Hospital.
5 schools.
Former Polish garri-
son town.
Hospital.
Hotels.
28 schools.
3 barracks.
Power plant.
Streetcar system.
Commercial air-ground ra-
dio station.
Police radio station.
Radio telegraph station.
Water system.
2 lines (and amplifier sta-
tion) on telephone-tele-
graph network N, SSE,
SW, and W.
Small power plant.
Water main.
Post and telephone office.
Cathedral, bishop's
palace, administra-
tion buirding.
Widely scattered sub-
urbs.
2 public libraries.
State university
(opened 1946) .
Town divided into up-
per and lower sec-
tions; former is
modern with broad,
straight streets on
grid pattern; latter
is ghetto with nar-
row, winding streets
and houses crowded
together.
Power plant (10,000-25,000 Street pattern gener-
kw.; coal-burning), ally gridiron.
Power plant (460 kw.)
Water system.
Sewerage system.
Gas works.
Ice plant.
Post, telephone, and tele-
graph office.
5,065 dwellings in
1931.
Corps and division Hq.
Target ranges.
ID9U9N.U0)
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Kolpino (38) *
59?45'N, 30?35'E
Pop. 37,000 (1935)
Konosha (19)
60?57'N, 40?16'E
Pop. 2,820 (1932)
Konotop (174)
51?18'N, 33?10'E
Pop. 36,200 (1932)
Kotel'nich (51)
58?21'N, 48?23'E
Pop. 15,100 (1936)
Kotlas (16)
61?12'N, 46?50'E
Pop. 5,470 (1932)
Hovel' (165)
(Kowel)
51?13'N, 24?42'E
Pop. 20,820 (1937)
Krasnyy Liman
(204)
(Liman)
48?58'N, 37?50'E
Pop. unknown (be-
low 50,000, 1939)
24 km. SE of Lenin-
grad. Flat ter-
rain. Izhor a
stream (tributary
of Neva) mean-
ders through
town and passes
through Izhora
plant.
Elevation 13.7 m.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
SSE of Kargopol'.
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On a tributary of
the Seym river;
marsh area in
vicinity.
Elevation: 140 m.
Sumskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On steep, right
bank of the Vy-
atka river; WSW
of Kirov.
Kirovskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
At confluence of
Vychegda with
the Severnaya
Dvina, at termi-
nus of R.R. from
Kirov.
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
the Turiya river,
a tributary of the
Pripyat' river.
Volynskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
About 7 m. N of the
Donets river; NE
of Slavyansk;
small lake to NW
of town.
Elevation: 100 m.
Stalinskaya
TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Rail: On Leningrad-Mos-
Izhora plant partially restored;
Radio broadcasting station.
Older portions have
cow main line. Flying
steel-rolling mill.
Power plant (24,000 kw.) .
typical small de-
bridge 2 km. N of station.
Large munitions plant (still a
tached houses.
Road: 2.2 km. W and 1.8
km. SSE to Leningrad-
shambles in 1945) bldgs. covered
185,900 sq. m. Large area for coal
S of lzhora plant,
development of
Moscow highway. Both
11/2-lane traffic capacity.
storage.
modern workers'
apartments.
Air: Airfield.
Extent of war damage
not known.
Irregular gridiron in
3 major sections
around semicircular
civic center area.
Rail: Vologda-Arkhangel'sk
line.
Sawmill.
Power plant (100-500 kw.).
Workers' settlement.
Rail: On Kiev-Kursk line.
Peat-cutting; metallurgical indus- Air-force barracks.
Radio telegraph station.
Ordnance office.
Air: 2 airfields.
try; locomotive repair shops;
3 lines on telephone-tele-
Street pattern very
light industries (consumers'
graph network, N, E, and
irregular gridiron.
goods) ; flour mills.
W.
Built-up area about 9
sq. km.
Rail: R.R. junction; lines
Tractor station. Railroad school.
Power plant (72,000 kw.).
Museum.
to Kirov, Vologda, and
Gor'kiy; R.R. bridge over
the Vyatka.
Clothing and knitting mills; saw-
mills.
Library.
Water: Steamer landing.
Rail: Terminus of line from
Metalworking; carrier construction;
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Labor camp in vicin-
Kirov.
flax working; cotton-cellulose
Power plant (68,000 kw.)
ity; lumbering and
Water: Transfer point, land
to river traffic.
Air: Airfield.
combine; sawmills.
reported as planned.
4 radio stations (2 for air-
fields) .
R.R. construction.
Rail: Junction of lines to
Tanneries; knitting mill; stocking Several hospitals.
2 power plants (332 kw. and
2,925 dwellings in
Brest, Rovno, Kholm,
Vladimir-Volynskiy, Sar-
ny, and Kamen' Kashir-
factory; 3 brickyards; sawmill; 22 schools.
candle factory; syrup factory;
beer, liqueurs, tobacco; flour mills
158 kw.) .
Water tower.
Post, telephone, and tele-
1931.
Division Hq.
skiy. 2 R.R. bridges over
the Turiya river.
(3 motor-driven; also windmills) .
graph office.
6 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, NNE, E,
SE, SSW, W, and NNW.
Rail: On lines to Khar'kov
Machine shops; metallurgical in-
Power plant.
3,281 dwellings in
and Slavyansk; R.R. sta-
dustry; mining of non-metallic
4 lines on telephone-tele-
1939.
tion.
minerals; food processing.
graph network, ESE, SSE,
SE, and NW.
Generally gridiron
street pattern.
Built-up area about 2
sq. km.
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Name
coordinates
population
Krasnyy Liman
(Continued)
Kremenchug (212)
49?05'N, 33?30'E
Pop. 89,550 (1939)
Krivoy Rog (242)
47?55'N, 33?21'E
Pop. 197,600 (1939)
Kulebaki (120)
55?25'N, 42?32'E
Pop. 21,090 (1933)
Kuolayarvi (6)
(Kuolajarvi)
(Salla)
67?O'N, 29?10'E
Pop. unknown
Kupyansk (206)
49?42'N, 37?38'E
Pop. 14,000 (1932)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On left bank of
Dnepr river.
Rail: Lines to Poltava,
Kirovograd, and Romo-
Machine shops; metallurgical in-
dustry; conveyor machinery;
Barracks.
Hydroelectric plant (600,000 Artillery arsenal.
kw.) and locks planned Center of lumber
Poltavskaya
dan; freight station.
freight car shops; road building
(prewar) . trade.
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Water: River harbor;
steamer traffic to Kiev
and Dnepropetrovsk.
machinery; shoes and leather;
textiles and felt; chemicals; saw-
mills; food, tobacco, spirits; wood-
working.
3 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network N, NE,
and SSW.
Radio station RKAP.
Internal: Bridges (2) over
the Dnepr (one R.R. and
one hwy.).
At confluence of
the Saksagan'
and Ingulets
rivers; in a hol-
low.
Dnepropetrovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
SE of Murom.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
About 140 km. W of
Kandalaksha.
Karelo-Finnish
SSR.
On right bank of
Oskol river, a
tributary of the
Donets; ESE of
Khar'kov.
Elevation: 145 m.
Khar'kovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Rail: Lines to Dneprope-
trovsk and Zaporozh'ye.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: R.R. connections with
Murom.
Road: Hwy. connections
with Murom.
Rail: Line from Kandalak-
sha through Kuolayarvi
(Salla) to Finnish fron-
tier almost completed in
1941; in May, 1947, the
construction of large
number of sidings and
spurs was reported.
Air: Former Finnish air-
field extended to adcom-
modate heavy bombers.
Rail: Lines to Khar'kov,
Belgorod, Valuyki, and
Svatovo; switching yard;
R.R. bridge.
Road: Hwy. bridge.
Air: 3 airfields.
Iron and steel plant (being ex-
panded) ; farm machinery.
40% of total iron ore production of
USSR from area (prewar) ; metal
content of ore 70%.
Aircraft factory; textiles; wood-
working; distilleries.
Kirov steel mill; includes rolling
mill and 2 Siemens-Martin fur-
naces; production of bar iron,
sheet iron, spring steel, and wheel
rims.
Large bakery; state farm in vicin-
ity.
Armaments plant; machine shops;
metallurgical industry; wood in-
dustry; large sugar refinery; trac-
tor station; state farm in vicinity.
2 large power plants; over-
land transmission.
Post and telegraph office.
3 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network NNE, S,
and NW.
Power plant (12,000 kw.,
1937) .
3 divisions known to
be in area in May,
1947.
Small power plant. Irregular street pat-
tern.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 square meter=10.76 square feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
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a
TABLE VIII -14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Kuznetsk (134)*
53?07'N, 46?37'E
Pop. 34,000 (1932)
Lida (160)
53?53'N, 25?19'E
Pop. 24,870 (1937)
Livny (144)
52?25'N, 37?37'E
Pop. 18,820 (1932)
Luga (39)
58?43'N, 29?50'E
Pop. 26,200 (1935)
Lutsk (167)
(Luck)
50?45'N, 25?19'E
Pop. 37,280 (1937)
35,000 (Dec. 1940)
Lyskovo (56)
(Makar'yev)
56?03'N, 45?02'E
0 Pop. 6,900 (1932)
a
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
transportation
trade
billeting
On left bank of
Truyeva river.
Penzenskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the Lideya
(Lidziej a) river.
Grodnenskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
On left bank of
Sosna river; ESE
of Orel.
Orlovskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
On left bank of
Luga river.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
middle Styr'
river, where the
Volynian plain
sinks toward the
broad marshland
of the Pripyat'
river.
Elevation: 178 m.
above sea level.
Volynskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
ESE of Gorldy
near the conflu-
ence of the Sun-
dovik and the
Volga rivers.
Gor'kovsyaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: On Penza-Syzran'
line.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Important junction
on the Molodechno-Cher-
emkha and Baranovichi-
Vil'nyus lines. Station
has freight sheds, plat-
forms, 2 military plat-
forms, fuel storage, 2
steel overpasses.
Road: Junction of the Nov-
ogrudok - Vil'nyus a n d
Lida-Grodno roads. 2 re-
inforced-concrete bridges
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Verkhov'ye-Mar-
myzhi line.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: 4 airfields.
Rail: On Leningrad-Pskov
line with a secondary line
to Novgorod.
Road: 2 hwys; connections
wi th Leningrad a n d
Pskov.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: 2 stations on Ki-
vertsy-L'vov line.
Road: Junction of hwys. to
Ustilug (on Bug river) ,
Rovno, Brest, Dubno, and
Kivertsy.
A i r : 2 airfields wit h
hangars.
Rail: Nearest station 60
km. away at Sergach on
Arzamas-Kazan' line.
Production of agricultural equip-
ment; leather and furs; hemp
and jute processing; textiles;
woodworking.
Farm machinery factory with its
own power plant and foundry.
Locomotive sheds and shop.
Railroad shops.
Rubber-goods factory with its own
power plant (150 kw.) .
Spinning mill; cement plant; glazed
tiles; 2 steam-driven sawmills; oil
pressing; soap; 2 breweries with
their owh power plants; slaugh-
terhouse; fuel dump; munitions
depot; camouflaged military camp
with rail spur.
Iron foundry.
Refinery for natural rubber.
Graphite industry; tractor station;
sawmills; tanneries.
Gasoline depots.
Agricultural machinery plant.
Textiles; tanneries; brickyard; saw-
mill (with its own power plant) ;
flour mills (including 4 motor
mills) ; brewery.
Tractor station; shipbuilding; ma-
chine shops; metallurgical indus-
try; consumers' goods; brewery.
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Several hospitals.
Railroad infirmary.
18 schools.
Air-force barracks.
4 hospitals.
Military schools.
23 schools.
Prison.
Several barracks in-
stallations (wi t h
stables) ; facilities
for motorized
troops, tanks, and
field artillery.
Large fuel-driven power
plant with long-distance
power lines.
Telephone amplifying sta-
tion.
Telegraph connections.
R.R. power plant 180 kw.
Power plant 286 kw.
Main post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Small steam-driven power
plant.
Radio station RDBK.
Power plant (584 kw.) .
Water system with small
power plant.
Main post, telephone, and
telegraph office.
3 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, ESE, SW,
and NW.
Broadcasting station 422.
Army mobile radio station.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
2,175 dwellings (1931) .
3,827 dwelling in
1931.
2 sections of the se-
cret police.
District court.
Agricultural bank.
State bank (branch) .
Ruined castle.
Army and division Hq.
-12
ca
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5.
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Makeyevka (253)
About 15 km. NE of
Rail: Part of a complex
Armaments plant; munitions fac-
Makeevka)
Stalino.
R.R. network.
tory (artillery ammunition).
(Dmitrovsk-
Stalinskiy)
Elevation: 220 m.
Stalinskaya Oblast',
Air: Airfield.
Internal: Streets in poor
Kirov smelting plant; pig iron, in-
gots, plates, sheet metal, bar iron,
48?02'N, 37?59'E
Ukrainian SSR.
condition.
rails, etc. (restored).
Pop. 240,100 (1939)
Chemical plant (based on coke) .
Textiles; sawmills; distilleries; flour
mills; bread factory.
Mariampole (93)
On right bank of
Rail: Kaunas-Alytus line.
Brass mfr.; automobile repair
(Mariampol')
the Sekipe river;
Road: Branching point of
shops; textile mills; leather fac-
54?33'N, 23?20'E
SW of Kaunas.
Kaunas-Suwalki and Ma-
tories; furniture and cabinet-
Pop. 16,000 (1939)
Lithuania.
riampole-VilkaviSkis
roads.
Air: Military airfield, un-
derground hangars.
making; 8 sawmills; brewing;
sugar mills (restored) ; oil press-
ing; 11 cereal mills.
poiwappop
Mariupoi- (251)
47'05'N, 37?30'E
Pop. 222,400 (1939)
Marks (194)
Marksshtadt)
(Marxstadt)
(Yekaterinen-
shtadt)
(Katharinens-
tadt)
Baronsk)
On N coast of Sea
of Azov (Azov-
skoye More) and
on right bank of
the Kal'mius es-
tuary; part of
the town extends
along coastal
plain; part on
higher ground.
Stalinskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On left bank of
Volga river.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Connections wi th
Makeyevka and Zapo-
rozh'ye; switching yard
and freight station.
Air: 5 airfields.
Water: Very important
harbor with elaborate
port installations; steam-
ers to Yeysk, Kerch', and
Feodosiya.
Rail: Nearest station at
Saratov.
Export of coal, iron, and grain.
Seamless-tube mill.
Large iron and steel plants;
Aviation school.
Hospital.
Artillery and infan-
try barracks:
15 dormitories.
21 secondary
bldgs.
3 stables.
3 garages.
2 hospitals.
Hotels.
air- Barracks.
craft-motor factory; small arms;
chemical warfare agents; radio
factory; machine shops; ship re-
pairing (floating dock) ; textiles;
leather; soap.
Tractor station; machine shops; Several higher
metallurgical industry; produc- schools.
tion of agricultural machinery;
textiles; sawmills; flour mills; to-
bacco processing.
Power plant (47,500 kw.).
Radio station RHB.
Power plant, coupled with
new hydraulic plant at
Puskelniai.
Post and telegraph office.
Street pattern gener-
ally gridiron.
Built-up area 16 sq.
km.
Power plant (49,000 kw.) ; 2 cathedrals.
2 factory power plants.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio telegraph station.
5 coastal radio stations.
Air-mail service.
Water system.
3 lines of telephone-tele-
graph network, N, E, and
SW.
Power plant (100-500 kw.). Museum.
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
Built-up area about
21/2 sq. km.
Church square in cen-
ter of town.
51?42'N, 46?46'E
Pop. 12,460 (1926)
Melekess (126)
On right bank of
Rail: On Ul'yanovsk-Uf a
Tractor station; peat cutting; iron
Power plant (500-1,000 kw.;
54?18'N, 49?35'E
Bol'shoy Cherem-
line.
foundry (tractor parts) ; flax
oil-burning).
Pop. 19,300 (1932)
shan river; NNW
of Kuybyshev.
Ul'yanovskaya
processing; sawmill; woodwork-
ing; flour mills; tannery; meat
packing; brewery.
Oblast', RSFSR.
Metallist (121)
On right bank of
Rail: Nearest station at
Tractor station; metalworking; pro-
Power plant (100-500 kw.).
(Pavlovo)
55?58'N, 43?05'E
Pop. 20,600 (1932)
the Oka river;
SW of Gor'kiy.
Gor`kovskaya
Metallist (3 km. away),
a terminus of a spur line
from Gor'kiy.
duction of instruments for auto-
mobiles and tractors; consumers'
goods; center of an old domestic
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
Oblast', RSFSR.
metal industry.
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
itl.tuappop
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loguapijuoD
0
TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Mezen' (8) *
65?50'N, 44?15'E
Pop. 3,220 (1932)
Michurinsk (139)
(Kozlov)
52?53'N, 40?30'E
Pop. 70,200 (1939)
Mikhaylovka (188)
50?03'N, 43?13'E
Pop. 12,000 (1932)
Millerovo (199)
48?55'N, 40?22'E
Pop. 15,430 (1932)
Mogilev (151)
53?55'N, 30?18'E
Pop. 99,400 (1939)
Mogilev-Podol'skiy
(218)
(and Ataki)
48?28'N, 27 ? 15'E
Pop. 22,270 (1926)
On right bank of
Mezen' river,
emptying into
Mezenskaya
Guba (M e z e n'
Bay) on Beloye
More (White
Sea).
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
the Lesnoy Voro-
nezh river; 73
km. WNW of
Tambov.
Tambovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Near the right bank
of the Medve-
ditsa river; SE of
Borisoglebsk.
Stalingradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of the
Glubokaya river.
Elevation: 100 m.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
the Dnepr river.
Mogilevskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
On left bank of the
Dnestr.
Vinnitskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Rail: None. Nearest R.R.
station is Arkhangel'sk,
421 km. away.
Water: Steamer traffic.
Rail: Junction of Moskva-
Voronezh - Rostov - na-
Donu and Michurinsk-
Tambov-Saratov lines.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Sebryakovo station
on Stalingrad - Gryazi-
Moskva line.
Air: 5 airfields.
Rail: On Voronezh-Rostov-
na-Donu and Voroshilov-
grad-Millerovo lines; 2
R.R. bridges.
Air: 8 airfields.
Rail: Orsha-Zhlobin line.
Switchyard. R.R. bridge.
Road: Junction of local
roads and railroad. High-
way bridge over the
Dnepr, timber, 200 m.
long.
Air: 3 airfields.
Rail: On Kiev-Chernovtsy
line; bridge over Dnestr
destroyed and restored
(single-tracked) ; auxil-
iary bridge next to it.
Road: Hwy. bridge over
Dnestr river.
Lumber trade; stock raising; ship-
building; sawmills; fish packing;
dairy products.
Grain elevator; peat cutting; loco- 3 hospitals.
motive-repair shops; metallurgi-
cal plant (tractor parts and vul-
canizing apparatus) ; chemicals;
brickyard; canning; distillery;
flour mills; state farm in vicin-
ity; tractor station.
Tractor station; flour mills; meat
packing; canning; state farm in
vicinity.
Machine shops; armaments and
munitions (including shells and
mines) ; car-repair shops; edible
oils; flour mills; state farm for
breeding of merino sheep near
R.R. station.
Aircraft assembly and repair shop
(under construction, 1941) ; peat
production; automobile - parts
factory; car-repair shop; pipe
foundry; several kinds of machine
building and metalworking; raw
leather and hides; shoes and
leather goods; knit goods,
brushes, synthetic fibers; arti-
ficial silk; chemical industries;
furniture; flour products; canned
fruit; foodstuffs; munitions
dump.
Vineyards and sericulture in vi-
cinity.
Iron foundries; machine shops;
wool and felt fulling; textiles;
lime kilns; sawmills; flour mills;
canning; distillery and breweries.
Hotels.
Artillery barracks.
Theater.
Power plant (500 - 1,000
kw.) .
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph mental institute.
connections.
Radio station RFRQ.
Horticultural experi-
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Power plant (1,000-3,000 Street pattern irregu-
kw.) . lar gridiron.
Radio station RFG. Built-up area about 4
sq. km.
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (15,000 kw.) .
Radio station REBL.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
2 lines on telephone-tele-
graph network, NNE and
SSW.
Several old churches.
Cathedral.
Museum.
OD
0
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0
Name
6 coordinates
population
a
io9uapjuoD
Geographical
characteristics
Molodechno (97)
(Molodeczno)
54?19'N, 26?53'E
Pop. 6,000 (1937)
Monchegorsk (4)
67?55'N, 32?58'E
Pop. 30,000 (1938)
Morozovsk (198)
(Morozovskiy)
48?21'N, 41?50'E
Pop. 13,680 (1932)
Mozhaysk (106)
55?30'N, 36?01'E
Pop. 10,000 (3,000 in
1944)
Mozyr' (153)
52?02'N, 29?15',E
Pop. 12,000 (1932)
Munkachevo (231)
(Mukachevo)
(Munkacs)
(Munkakevo) ,
Pop. 26,123 (1930)
approx.
48?30'N, 22?40'E
Murom (119)
55?34'N, 42?04'E
Pop. 40,000 (1937)
West of a swampy
depression at the
foot of a hill.
Molodechnenskaya
Oblast', Whi te
Russian SSR.
On an inlet of Im-
andra 0 z ero
(Imandra Lake) .
Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
W of Nishne-
Chirskaya.
Elevation: 80 m.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On right bank of
the upper Mosk-
va river; 110 km.
west of Moscow.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
the Pripyat'
river.
Polesskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
On the left bank of
the Latoritsa
river where it de-
scends from the
East Beskid Mts.
Zakarpatskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On high, left bank
of the Oka river;
SW of Gor'kiy.
Vladimirskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Rail: On Vil'nyus-Minsk
and Polotsk-Lida lines.
R.R. bridge over the Usha
and Viliya.
Air: Airfield.
Road: Good roads only in
vicinity of the town.
Rail: Spur track connects
with Murmansk line at
Olen'ya.
Rail: On Likhaya-Stalin-
grad line.
Air: 6 airfields.
Slaughterhouse; flour mills; gaso-
line station.
Newly established mining city.
Nickel and copper smelting; sulfur
production; 3 sawmills; brick-
yards.
Tractor station; printing plant;
machine shops; metalworking
(production of pistons, piston
rods, and cylinders) ; flour mills;
consumers' goods.
Hospital.
6 schools.
Barracks.
Power plant (15,000 kw.) .
Post office.
Power plant (500-1,000
kw.).
Radio station RLDR.
794 dwellings in 1931.
Generally gridiron
street pattern;
streets rather ir-
regular along me-
andering stream
running across N
part of town.
Built-up area about 9
sq. km.
Rail: On Brest-Smolensk-
Tractor station.
Large military hospi-
1944. No running water.
Theater was blown
Moskva line.
Powder factory No. 4 (in 1937, 4,000
tal (1944) .
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
up.
Road: On Moskva-Gzhatsk
workers).
In 1944 hospital was
Telephone and telegraph
Most brick buildings
Hwy.
Veterinary instruments factory;
repaired and in
connections.
burnt-out.
construction materials (mineral) ;
consumers' goods.
service.
Radio station RFCJ.
70 homes in 1944.
Old church.
Rail: Mogilev-Zhitomir line
Lumber industries; furniture fac-
Hotels.
Power plant (peat-fired) .
(station 6 km. f r om
town) . Combined R.R.
and hwy. bridge.
Water: River port.
Air: Airfield.
tories; brickyards; cereal mills;
newspaper; tractor station.
In the vicinity are large orchards,
farming, stock raising, and fish-
ing.
Post and telegraph office.
Rail: Line to L'vov.
Breweries; distilleries; flour mills;
Old fort on a nearby
Road: Hwys. to Uzhgorod
tobacco processing.
hill.
and Beregovo.
Rail: On Moscow-Murom-
Kazan' and Murom-Kov-
rov lines.
Water: River harbor.
Air: Airfield.
Tractor station; munitions dump;
iron-ore mining; locomotive and
car shops; railroad shops; small
shipyard; tool and machine-tool
factory; textiles (cotton and lin-
en) ; veneer industry; canning;
large bakery; distillery.
3 monasteries.
Power plant (3,000-5,000 Many churches.
kw.) .
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter =3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
popepuuoD
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Narva (31)*
59?22'N, 28?10'E
Pop. 23,510 (1934)
Nerekhta (64)
57?27'N, 40?35'E
Pop. 10,000 (1936)
Nezhin (173)
51?03'N, 31?54'E
Pop. 41,400 (1932)
On the Narva river,
both banks 13.8
km. above its
mouth in the
Gulf of Finland.
Estonia.
50 km. ESE of Ya-
roslavl'.
Kostromskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of Os-
ter river.
NE of Kiev.
Chernigovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Rail : Tallinn-Kingisepp
Textile industries; 2 Kreenholn
5 hospitals.
Several power plants in the
2,415 dwellings, 2,051
line; R.R. station re-
plants with their own power
4 advanced schools.
factories along the Narva
of them wooden.
stored.
plants; large textile mill in vi-
1 hotel.
rapids.
2 outstanding castles,
Road: Through highway cinity restored.
2 barracks.
Waterworks, pumping sta-
one on left river-
Tallinn-Leningrad. Cotton and linen goods; 2 sawmills;
Polyclinic buildings
tion (reconstructed) .
bank, one on right.
Air: Airfield.
2 machine shops (small) ; foun-
restored.
Post, telegraph, and tele-
Town 98% destroyed
Internal: 1 R.R. and 1 hwy.
dry; brick kilns; printing plants;
phone office.
during war.
bridge over the Narva.
soap; leather; woodworking.
Power generated at the
10,000 sq. m. of living
Imports: cotton, jute, coal, machin-
ery.
falls on the Narva.
space restored by
early 1946.
Rail: On Yaroslavl'-Kos-
troma line; branch line
to Yermolino.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Rail: Lines to Kiev, Kono-
top, Chernigov, and Pri-
luki.
Air: Airfield.
Exports: lumber, textiles, spirits,
tile.
Harbor: 1,100 m. of quays, depth
2.7 to 8.5 m. Warehouses on
quays.
Tractor station; wood industry;
nail and peg production; flax
spinning; consumers' goods.
Artillery arsenal No. 63; printing Hotels.
plant (newspaper) ; 2 brickyards;
distillery; edible oils; 2 state
farms in vicinity.
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Post and telegraph office.
Plans for restoration
of Narva.
Old city to be restored
(southern part, me-
dieval; northern
section, 17th cen-
tury with regular
streets) .
Juncture of main
street going toward
Tallinn and of
street to R.R. sta-
tion will be large
square with munici-
pal buildings.
New street will con-
nect with restored
bridge.
Large power plant and
hydroelectric devel-
opment planned.
Locks to be installed
on Narva river.
Town to be surround-
ed by green land-
scaping and to have
protective zones be-
tween the industrial
and residential dis-
tricts.
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pluanuoD
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Nikopol' (243)
47?36'N, 34?25'E
Pop. 57,840 (1939)
Novgorod (80)
58?32'N, 31?18'E
Pop. 45,000
Novoannenskiy
(187)
(Novo-Annen-
skaya)
50?32'N, 42?41'E
Pop. 11,370 (1932)
Novocherkassk
(257)
47?28'N, 40?05'E
Pop. 81,290 (1939)
On right bank of
Dnepr river; SW
of Zaporozh'ye.
Dnepropetrovskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On both banks of
the Volkov river,
2 or 3 km. below
its emer gence
from I m e n'
Ozero (lake) ; on
an elevation sur-
rounded by low-
lands usually
flooded in spring.
Novgorodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
SSE of Boris-
oglebsk.
Stalingradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On an open pla-
teau surrounded
on 3 sides by the
Aksay, a tribu-
tary of the Don,
and by the Tuz-
loy.
Elevation: 100 m.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Rail: Connections with Za-
porozh'ye, Krivoy Rog,
and Kherson.
Air: Aitfield.
Rail: Junction of lines to
Leningrad, Luga, and
Staraya Russa; connec-
tion with Moskva-Lenin-
grad line.
Road: Hwys. to Leningrad
and Moscow.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Filonovo station (Fil-
onovskaya) on Stalin-
grad-Gryazi-Moskva line.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: On Voronezh-Rostov-
na-Donu line; station in
SE part of town.
Air: 3 airfields.
Internal: Broad, straight
streets.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Manganese deposits; production of
conveyor equipment; smelting
plant; tractor plant; shipyards;
production of metal pipes; food
industry; tractor station.
Shipbuilding; shoe manufacturing;
printing; tractor station; fuel-oil
dump.
Machine shops.
Metallurgical industry.
Munitions plant (explosives and
chemical warfare agents).
Machine shops.
Locomotive shops (14,000 workers
in 1937) ; 9 km. NW of R.R. sta-
tion.
Soot industry; sawmills; flour mill
and cereal plant; meat packing.
Utilities
and
telecommunications
11 hospitals and other
medical institutions
(all destroyed dur-
ing war).
Hotels.
4 monasteries.
Camps for troops.
Theater.
Hotels.
Military town (bar-
rack s, munitions
dump, arsenal) .
Palace.
Advanced schools.
Power plant (500 kw.).
Radio station RKOZ.
Remarks
Labor camp in vicin-
ity; mining and in-
dustrial work.
Power plant (destroyed City approximately
during war). 100% destroyed
Radio station RDDX. during war.
The Kreml' Cathe-
dral, and various
churches being re-
stored.
On left bank of river,
the old town (also
known as Sofiy-
skaya) ; Kreml' at
center of radial
street pattern.
On right bank, the
commercial ci ty
with gridiron pat-
tern.
Cathedral and 47
churches.
Museums.
Industrial - technical
school.
Administration build-
ing.
2 power plants. 16 churches.
Post and telegraph office. Museums.
Central library.
A center of economic
and cultural life in
the Don Basin.
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TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Novograd-Volyn-
skiY (169)"
50?40'N, 27?35'E
Pop. 18,150 (1932)
Novogrudok (157)
(Nowogrodek)
53?36'N, 25?50'E
Pop. 10,500 (1937)
Novouzensk (195)
50?31'N, 48?10'E
Pop. 13,940 (1926)
Nyandoma (18)
61?40'N, 40?10'E
Pop. 7,350 (1932)
Onega (13)
63?55'N, 38 ? 05 'E
Pop. 3,000 (1932)
Oraniyenbaum
(33)
59?55'N, 29 ? 46' E
Pop. 22,400 (1936)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and Remarks
telecommunications
At the confluence
Rail: Connections with Cardboard factory;
tannery; flour
Barracks.
Telephone and
telegraph
of the Smolka
and Sluch' riv-
ers; on left bank
of Sluch'; about
Zhito mir, Shepetovka, mill.
and Korosten'.
Road: Hwy. junction; hwy.
to Rovno.
connections.
2 radio stations.
55 km. NW of
Air: Airfield.
Zhitomir.
Zhitomirskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
In wooded country.
Baranovichskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
In a wide steppe on
left bank of Bol'-
shoy Uzen' riv-
er; SE of Sara-
tov.
Elevation: 20 m.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
East of Pudozh.
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On Onega river
(right bank) 5
km. above its
mouth in Onega
bay.
134 km. from Obo-
zerskaya.
219 km. from Ark-
hangel'sk.
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
40 km. W of Lenin-
grad on the Gulf
of Finland.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Station on the nar-
Concrete plant; ceramics industry;
2 hospitals.
Power plant (320 kw.) .
1,055 dwellings in 1931.
row-gage line to Novo-
tanneries; steam-powered mill;
9 schools.
Post, telegraph, telephone.
yeln'ya (Nowojelnja)
Road: Road junction.
gasoline dump; bus park.
Administrative build-
ings.
Broadcasting transmitter.
Red Army house.
Barracks.
Rail: Line to Saratov.
Tractor station; cattle markets;
Sanitarium.
Power plant (100-500 kw.;
Gridiron street pat-
Road: 2 bridges.
machine shops; metallurgical in-
dustry; flour mills; state farm in
vicinity.
oil-burning),
tern.
Winding stream flows
through town and
into Bol'shoy Uzen'
river.
Built-up area about
31/2 sq. km.
Church square in cen-
ter of town.
Rail: Vologda-Arkhangel'sk
line.
Mining of non-metallic minerals;
metalworking; chemically treated
wood products; sawmill; dairy
products.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Workers' settlement.
Rail: Terminus of line from
Sawmills.
Power plant (500 - 1,000
Naval training sta-
Obozerskaya, 134 km.
away.
Lumber exports.
kw.) .
2 radio stations.
tion.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Terminus of a subur-
ban electric line from
Leningrad.
Air: Naval airport.
Water: Steamer connec-
tions with Leningrad.
Tractor station.
Repair facilities for small steamers.
Naval arsenal.
Sewerage system.
Radio station.
Palaces and churches
(now museums) .
Ruins of an old for-
tress.
Parks.
01.-111A aBDd
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1 cqi.uanuoD
Name
coordinates
population
Orekhovo-Zuyevo
(116)
55?47'N, 38?59E
Pop. 99,300 (1939)
Orsha (102)
54?34'N, 30?20'E
Pop. 31,310 (1932)
Ostashkov (79)
57?09'N, 33?07'E
Pop. 18,000 (1935)
Ostrogozhsk (180)
50?52'N, 39?07'E
Pop. 22,990 (1926)
Ozery (112)
54?51'N, 38?33'E
Pop. 19,060 (1932)
Paldiski (26)
(Baltischport)
(Baltiiskii Port)
59?19'N, 24?06'E
Pop. 850 (1925)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
On both banks of
Rail: Junction of Moskva-
Foundry.
Bathing establish-
Power plant (30,000 kw.;
the Klyaz'ma; 90
km. E of Mos-
Gor'kiy and Aleksandrov-
Voskresensk lines.
Production of oxygen apparatus,
gas masks, and diving apparatus
ment (spa).
peat-burning) .
Sewerage system.
COW.
Air: Airfield (of slight im-
(Apparatus factory no. 3; 1,000
Telephone and telegraph
Moskovskaya
portance).
workers in 1938).
connections.
Oblast', RSFSR.
Plastics; textile industries; sawmill;
state farm in vicinity.
On right bank of
Rail: Junction of Lenin-
Aircraft repair shop; motor fac-
Aviation school.
Power supply from the
the Dnepr.
grad-Kiev and Minsk-
tory; iron foundry; car repair
Osinstroy plant (largest
Vitebskaya Oblast',
White Russian
Smolensk lines. Switch-
yard. Combined R.R. and
shops; metalworking; cement;
flax; furniture; sawmills; paper
electric plant in White
Russia; peat-burning) .
SSR.
hwy. bridge.
mill; food packing (meat, bread).
Radio station REAB.
Air: 5 airfields.
Water: River port.
On Ozero Seliger
Rail: On Bologoye-Velikiye
Fisheries.
Monastery.
Telephone and telegraph Museum.
(lake).
Kalininskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Luki line.
Water: Steamers on Ozero
Seliger.
Production of scythes, leather,
white boots, and fish nets (last
two products in home industries).
connections.
Coastal radio station.
On left bank of the
Rail: On Khar'kov-Penza-Tractor station; iron foundry;
Power plant (100-500 kw.). Art museum.
Tikhaya Sosna
Gor'kiy line.
metalworking; leather and shoes;
Generally gridiron
river, a trubutary
of the Don; in
the black earth
Road: Hwy. bridge over
Tikhaya Sosna river.
Air: 2 airfields.
edible oils; state farm in vicinity.
street pattern.
Built-up area about 6
sq. km.
region; 330 km.
ENE of Khar'-
kov.
Elevation: 120 m.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of the
Oka river; SW of
Kolomna.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On level land east
of the bay of
Rogerwiek at en-
trance to Gulf of
Finland.
Estonia.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square
Rail: Terminus of a spur
line from Kolomna.
Rail: Connections with
Tallinn and Leningrad.
Air: Naval flying field.
Water: Harbor almost al-
ways ice-free; in severe
winters kept open by ice
breakers.
Internal: Gridiron street
pattern.
miles
Tractor station.
Iron foundry (production of spare
parts for machines used in light
industry) .
Textiles; state farm in vicinity.
Fish industries; railroad shops.
Advanced schools.
Barracks.
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.; coal-burning).
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Telephone office.
Post and telegraph office.
5,320 dwellings in
1941.
Harbor formed on SW
by mole, on SE by
dike. Entrance
(from south) 21 m.
wide. Depth 6.6
m.; quays 400 m.;
space for 3 to 4 av-
erage ships.
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TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Panevays (95) *
(Penevezhis)
(Ponewesk)
(Ponevezh )
55?44'N, 24?22'E
Pop. 26,650 (1939)
Parnu (28)
(Pyarnu) (Per-
nau)
58?23'N, 24?30'E
Pop. 20,330 (1934)
Pavlovo-Posad
(114)
(Pavlovskiy-
Posad)
55?45'N, 38?35'E
Pop. 33,320 (1932)
Pechenga (1)
(Petsamo
-Liinahamari) )
approx.
69?30'N, 31?10'E
Pop. 4,333 (1939)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
On the NeveLis
(Nevyazha) river,
centrally located
in Lithuania.
Lithuania.
At mouth of the
Parnu river into
Parnu Laht
(bay) on the
Gulf of Riga. Old
Parnu, on right
bank, connected
by floating bridge
with the new
city.
Estonia.
On right bank of
the Kl y a z'm a
river; 68 km. E of
Moscow.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the W side of
Guba Pechenga
(Petsamo fjord)
an inlet of the
Arctic Ocean.
Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Junction of following
railroads:
Daugavpils-Siauliai
PaneveZys-Sveneionys
Road: Junction of new
highways.
Air: Military airfield 800 m.
x 1,000 m. with hangar,
army radio station, 18
dormitory bldgs.
Rail: Connections w ith
Tallinn and Volga.
Narrow-gage spur to har-
bor.
Hwys: To Tallinn and Val-
miera (Latvia) . Bridge
over Parnu river.
Air: Airfield 500 m. x 600 m.
Water: Parnu river naviga-
ble as far as Sindi. Har-
bor blocked by ice from
end December to begin-
ning April.
Internal: Floating bridge
across the Parnu river.
Rail: On Moscow-Gor'kiy
line.
Rail: No known connec-
tions.
Road: Terminus of the
Arctic hwy. (which be-
gins in Rovaniemi 531
km. to 5).
Water: Harbor ice-free
Flax trade; machine factories; Infantry barracks.
foundries; automobile - repair
shops; chemical plant; paints,
turpentine, tar, lubricants; linen,
jute, and other textiles; wool,
cotton weaving, wadding, rope,
leather, shoe mfr.; cement; saw-
mills; soap; 11 cereal mills;
slaughterhouse, cured meats;
printing plant; tobacco; farm co-
operative warehouse; breweries,
distilleries, sugar, marmalade,
honey, yeast, preserved fruit.
Repair of ship motors; machine Hospital.
shops; linen spinning and weav- 5 higher schools.
ing; felt; tanning; leather goods; 2 hotels.
shoes; oil pressing; brick kilns; Infantry barracks.
sawmills.
At Kodara: 2 brickyards; match
factory; paper mill.
At Audru: Distillery; dairy; brew-
ery; chocolate factory.
Large textile plant operating nor-
mally (May 1946).
Exports: lumber, flax, flaxseed, po-
tatoes; imports: coal, salt, fer-
tilizer.
Fishing; slaughterhouse and stock-
yards.
Peat-cutting; shoes and textiles; School.
tannery; laundry and dyeing es-
tablishment; pottery manufac-
ture; slaughterhouse.
Fisheries; nickel deposits in vicin- Hotel (20 rooms) .
ity; brickyard; fish-meal plant.
Power plant (1,616 kw.).
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (1,500 kw.).
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Radio station ESP.
Power plant.
Sewerage system.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
3,056 dwellings, 2,761
of them wooden.
Harbor:
Ship channel: 250
m. wide, 5.5 to 6
m. deep, between
2 jetties from
roadstead to har-
bor proper.
Harbor proper:
Lower course of
the Parnu, 1.3 km.
long, 190 to 360
m. wide, 3.6 to 5.5
m. deep, quays 500
m. and 280 m.
long, new quay 220
m. long planned
(1941) .
Also winter harbor.
Simultaneous trans-
shipment for 5
steamers.
Warehouses 20,070 sq.
m. floor area.
Narrow-gage rail spur.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Pechenga
(Continued)
Pervomaysk (239)
(Olviopol')
48?03'N, 30?51'E
Pop. 31,680 (1926)
Pestovo (43)
58?36'N, 35?48'E
Pop. 7,000 (1935)
Petrodvorets (34)
(Petergof)
59?53'N, 29?55'E
Pop. 30,000 (1936)
Petrovsk (135)
52?22'N, 45?19E
Pop. 17,300 (1932)
Petrozavodsk (20)
(Kalininsk)
61?47'N, 34?21'E
Pop. 69,700 (1939)
At confluence of
Sinyukha and
Yuzhnyy Bug
rivers; on both
banks of former
and left bank of
latter.
Odesskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On left bank of
upper Mologa
river.
Novgorodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the Gulf of Fin-
land, 29 km. W
of Leningrad.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
Medveditsa river,
NW of Saratov.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On west shore of
Onezhskoye
Ozero (Lake
Onega).
Karelo-Finnish
SSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter-3.28 feet
1 square meter-10.76 square feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
throughout year and ac-
cessible to ships of all
sizes; pier 200 m. long;
port equipped to handle
coal, oil, and general
cargo.
Rail: Connections with
Odessa Vinnitsa, and
Kirovograd.
Air: 2 airfields.
Machine shops; production of
leather; 4 brickyards; flour mills;
brewery.
Post office and telegraph
station.
Radio station RUY.
Airfield radio station.
Rail: On Leningrad-Krasny
Kholm line.
Air: Airfield.
Tractor station.
Sawmill.
Small power plant (steam) .
Rail: 2 stations on the sub-
Tractor station.
Palaces of former im-
Churches.
urban electric line to
Leningrad.
perial family; made
into museums.
Parks around palaces.
Air: Airdrome; second air-
field 6 km. S near Nizino.
Naval school.
Water: Steamer traffic.
Rail: Petrovsk-Saratovskiy
Tractor station; production and re-
Power plant (100-500 kw.;
station on the Atkarsk-
Vol'sk line.
Air: 2 airfields. Moskva-
pair of tractors; consumers'
goods; flour mills; state farm in
vicinity.
oil-burning) .
Saratov Airline by way of
Petrovsk.
Rail: On the Murmansk
Fish cannery planned 1945, output
Pedagogical, indus-
Power plant.
Oblast administrative
R.R. Secondary R.R. to
500,000 cans annually.
trial, and agricul-
Private power plant in the
center.
Suoyarvi.
Onega metal works: iron and steel
tural technical
Onega metal works.
Half of town de-
Air: 4 airfields.
foundry; road building machin-
school.
4th electric power station
stroyed including
Water: Local steamer traf-
ery; farm machinery; motor
Barracks.
reported restored to op-
university and most
fic, and to Leningrad.
saws; winches; pumps; molybde-
3 theaters.
eration (May 1945) .
of industry.
num steel.
Airfield and 2 other radio
Street pattern gener-
R.R. shops, car building; narrow-
stations.
ally gridiron with
gage locomotive plant being re-
Broadcasting station RW-
main diagonal ave-
stored (1946) ; farm machinery
repair shops; shipyard; 3 saw-
mills; prefabricated home plant
under construction (1946) ; ski
factory and other woodworking
plants; stone working; bricks;
mica; lime; sugar industry;
bread; large cereal mill; refrig-
29.
nue extending along
river bank to con-
nect two principal
squares.
Regional museum.
eration plant; fish products; sau-
sage plant; brewery; distillery;
mica plant; munitions plant.
inguappop
col-IIIA 96Dd
1.-80001?000Z000VM71.1.0-6/dC1U-VI3 : 171./90/?00Z eseeieu JOd peACLICIdV
0
Name
coordinates
population
Petseri (82)*
(Pechory)
57?48'N, 27?37'E
Pop. 4,270 (1934)
Pinsk (158)
Pinsk)
52?07'N, 26?08'E
Pop. 35,000 (1937)
30,000 (Dec. 1940)
Plesetsk (14)
(Plesetskaya)
62?45'N, 40?30'E
Pop. 8,000 (1932)
Podol'sk (108)
55?26'N, 37?33'E
Pop. 72,000 (1935)
Polotsk (98)
(Plock)
55?29'N, 28?49'E
Pop. 25,800 (1928)
TABLE VIII -14 (Continued)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
East of V6ru.
Rail: Branching point of Trading town.
Hospital.
Telephone office.
629 dwellings, 587 of
Estonia.
Volga-Pskov and Petseri-
Higher school.
them wooden.
Tartu lines.
Cave monastery.
Road: Junction of local
roads.
Air: Airfield.
On left bank of the
Rail: Station on the Brest-Ship construction yard (Pinsk flo-
4 hospitals.
2 power plants (1 steam-
3,608 dwellings in
Pina, between
Gomel' line. Combined tilla base) , shops, optical maga-
22 schools.
driven, 788 kw.) .
1931.
sand flats on the
north and the
R.R. and hwy. bridge. zine, motor boat assembly yard.
Air: 2 airfields. Seaplane Depot for coal, wood, gasoline,
2 R.R. administration
bldgs.
Water-pumping plant, wa-
ter tower.
Gutters lined with
lime as disinfectant
Pripat marshes
landing and winter quar-kerosene, and petroleum (5 tanks
Prison.
Radio station.
because there is no
on the south.
ters. for fuel and oil) .
Trade school (troop
Main post, telegraph, and
sewerage system.
Pinskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
Water: Pinsk flotilla base. Trade in lumber and fish; iron
foundry; tanneries: 4 steam-pow-
ered sawmills; paper mill; saw-
mill; matches and matchbox fac-
tory (with its own power plant) ;
chalk; soap; candles; 2 plants for
caulking materials (with their
own power plants) ; mustard;
brewery; liqueurs; 3 motor-driven
mills; other mills; powder dump.
billet) .
2 high schools (for-
mer priests' semi-
nary) .
Airforce barracks.
Naval barracks, in-
fantry barracks,
Pinsk Flotilla base.
telephone office.
SE of Onega.
Arkhangel'skaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On Pakhra river.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Very old walled
city on both
banks of the Za-
padnaya Dvina
(western Dvina).
Polotskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
Rail: Plesetskaya station
on Vologda-Arkhangel'sk
line.
Rail: On Moscow-Khar'kov
line; bridge over Pakhra.
Road: On Moscow-Serpuk-
hov hwy. (43 km. S of
Moscow) ; bridge over
Pakhra.
Air: Large airfield 3 km. N.
Internal: Asphalt - paved
streets.
Rail: Rail junction; lines
to Velikiye tuki; Vitebsk,
Daugavpils, and Vileyka.
Combined R.R. and hwy.
bridge.
Water: River port.
Air: 1 airfield.
Machine shops.
Sawmills.
Chemical industry (wood deriva-
tives) .
Limestone deposits.
Armaments: Airplane motors; air-
craft; aircraft cameras and tele-
scopic sights; arms and muni-
tions plant No. 17 (machine-guns
and pistols) ; steel-rolling mill;
Podol'sk machine plant (guns
and machine guns) ; electrolytic
refinery (capacity-5,000 tons) ;
storage-battery plant.
Tin-smelting, Ordzhonikidze ma-
chine plant; metalworking;
chemical plant; construction of
locomotives; 2 cement factories;
slaughterhouse.
Metalworking; knit goods; saw-
mills; canning; distillery; cereal
mills; artillery munitions dump.
Hospital.
3 schools.
Barracks.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Powerhouse.
Sewerage system.
Water system.
Water tower.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant.
Radio station RRU.
Labor camp in vicin-
ity; lumber indus-
try and R.R. con-
struction.
Hq. of military dis-
trict staff.
Street pattern; irreg-
ular gridiron.
Cathedrals and an-
cient castle.
90L1IIA GenDd
0
CD
0-
0
to
60=
Cith
0
???1
C.0
lopapy.uoD
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
pluapijuoD
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Poltava (209)
49?36'N, 34?35'E
Pop. 130,300 (1939)
Polyarny (2)
(Alexandrowsk)
(Aleksandrovsk)
(Polyarnoye)
69?12'N, 33?28'E
Hq. for C-in-C of
Northern Fleet
Proskurov (220)
49?32'N, 27?01'E
Pop. 28,250 (1932)
Pskov (81)
(Pleskau)
57?48'N, 28?22'E
Pop. 60,100 (1939)
Pugachev (133)
(Nikolayevsk)
52?01'N, 48?48'E
Pop. 21,600 (1932)
On right bank of
Vorskla river
(winding river) ;
marshy area.
Elevation: 80 m. at
river. 150 m. (av-
erage at center).
Cliffs along river
N and S of town.
Rambling erosion
gully to N.
Poltavskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On Kol'skiy Zaliv
(Kola fjord)
near its mouth
in Beloye More
(White Sea) .
Murmanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
Yuzhny Bug
river.
Kamenets - Podol'-
skaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
At confluence of
Velikaya and
Pskovitsa rivers;
S of Pskovskoye
Ozero (Lake
Pskov) .
Pskovskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
On the Irgiz Bol'-
shoy river, a trib-
utary of the
Volga; NE of
Saratov.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Lines to Khar'kov,
Kiev, and Kremenchug;
bridge over Vorskla river.
Road: Bridge over Vorskla
river.
Air: 4 airfields.
Rail: Line to Kandalaksha.
Air: Opposite Polyarny, on
Bol'shaya Tyuva river, is
the naval air station.
Water: Military harbor.
Like Murmansk, ice-free
and accessible to the
largest ships.
Rail: Lines to Odessa, Ter-
nopol', Shepetovka, and
Kamenets-Podol'skiy.
Road: Hwy. to Kamenets-
Podol'skiy.
Air: 1 airfield.
Rail: Lines to Leningrad,
Ostrov, and Staraya Rus-
sa; bridges over Velikaya
and Pskovitsa rivers.
Road: Hwys. to Leningrad
and Ostrov; bridges over
Velikaya and Pskov riv-
ers.
Air: Airfield.
Water: River harbor.
Internal: Streetcar system.
Rail: Terminus of a spur
line, branching from Sar-
atov-Ural'sk line.
Air: Airfield.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Artillery arsenal; aircraft assembly
and repair plant; locomotive re-
pair shops; metalworking; tex-
tiles; shoes and leather; meat
packing; alimentary pastes; flour
mills; sugar refineries; printing
plant (newspaper) .
Hotels.
Aviation school.
Monastery.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio telegraph station.
Power plant (10,000 kw.) .
Radio station RKKA.
Museum.
Library.
Important agricultur-
al research station
near town.
Street pattern irregu-
lar combination of
radial and gridiron
plans; open circle
in center.
Built-up area about
12 sq. km. (closely
built-up area 3 sq.
km.) .
Ship-repair facilities.
Hospitals.
Schools.
Theater.
Medium steam power plant.
Naval base with
underground fuel
and ammunition
facilities.
New housing for per-
sonnel under con-
struction in 1945.
Machine shops; textiles; furniture
industry; sugar refining; flour
mills.
Power plant (oil-burning) .
Radio station RKUF.
Division Hq.
Leather and shoes; hemp and jute
Hotels.
Power plant (4,500 kw.;
Cathedrals.
industry; textiles (linen) ; tractor
Barracks.
peat-burning) .
Museums.
and machine repair shops; con-
Convent.
Military radio station.
Irregular radial pat-
struction of machines for peat-
cutting and agriculture.
Theater.
Radio station RBF.
tern of section on
right bank of Ve-
Tractor station; quartz sand depos-
its; brickyards; machine shops;
metallurgical industry; edible
oils; flour mills; brandy distillery;
state farm in vicinity.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
likaya river.
I04u3p1Ju0p
0
(D
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11
0
to
tniz
=I. ?
c.f)
0-0
0 '
z-4=.
Cn.p.
0
0
0
oo
LO-IIIA aBDd
1.-90001?000Z000V1V1.1.0-6/dCltl-VI3 :171./90/?00Z eseeieu JOd peACLICIdV
ID4uanuoD
0
cra:
3
a
Name
coordinates
population
TABLE VIII - 14 (Continued)
Geographical
characteristics
Pushkin (35)*
(Detskoye Selo)
(Tsarskoye Selo)
59?43'N, 30?25'E
Pop. 51,000 (1936)
Rezekne (83)
(Rezhitsa)
(Rositten)
56?30'N, 27?20'E
Pop. 13,140 (1935)
Rogachev (150)
53?07'N, 30?04'E
Pop. 11,750 (1932)
Rossosh' (183)
50?12'N, 39?35'E
Pop. 20,800 (1932)
Rostov (68)
(Rostov
Yaroslavskiy)
57?11'N, 39?25'E
Pop. 24,000 (1933)
On the Slavyanka
river, in hilly
country 25 km. S
of Leningrad.
Lake in vicinity.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the Rezekne
river (both
banks) .
Latvia.
On right bank of
the Dnepr, 112
km. NW of Go-
mel' (by rail) .
Gomel'skaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
On left bank of
Kalitva river at
its con flu en ce
with Rossosh'
river.
Elevation: 80 m.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On western shore
of Ozero Nero
(rake).
Yaroslavskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Rail: On Leningrad-Vitebsk
line.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of Riga-
Moscow and Daugavpils-
Pskov lines (2 stations) .
Road: Junction of the Dau-
gavpils - Pskov through
highway and local roads.
Air: Airfield.
Internal: On right bank of
Rezekne river, broad
streets, clean houses; on
left bank, narrow, un-
paved streets, rather
dirty houses.
Rail: On the Mogilev-
Zhlobin line.
Combined R.R. and hwy.
bridge over the Prut.
Road: Hwy. bridge over the
Dnepr.
Air: 2 airfields.
R a i 1: On Moskva-Voro-
nezh - Rostov - na-Donu
line; R.R. bridge over
Rossosh' river.
Road: Hwy. junction; 2
bridges over Rossosh'
river.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Moscow-Yaroslavl'
line.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: Airfield.
Hospitals.
Several barracks.
Trade in farm products; 4 machine 2 hotels.
shops; brewery; oil pressing; wool Barracks.
washing; gasoline filling station.
Pitch products; paper and card-
board mill; brickyard; woodwork-
ing; sawmill; consumers' goods;
tractor station.
Iron foundry; 2 brickyards; 2 flour
mills; poultry-canning.
Tractor station.
Kutuzov flax-spinning mill (1,200
workers (1941) ) .
Fish and vegetable cannery; con-
sumers' goods.
3 monasteries.
Water system.
Sewerage system.
4 radio stations.
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Power plant.
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.; oil-burning) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Munitions dump.
Former summer resi-
dence of the Tsar
with broad, clean,
straight streets.
Good sanitation.
Healthful, dry cli-
mate.
Several palaces and
country houses of
former nobles; pal-
aces undergo-
ing restoration. Fa-
mous park.
Ruins of medieval
castle.
Street pattern irregu-
lar gridiron.
2,661 dwellings in
1941.
Built-up area about
33/4 sq. km.
Very old town.
11 wide streets lead
from rim of town to
Kreml' (radial pat-
tern) .
Cathedral and 22
churches.
State museum.
Kreml' (ancient for-
tress area) .
80L111A 60d
Approved For Release 202k$11/1$0: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
lopappop
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
lopepuuoD
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Rovno (168)
(ROwne)
(Ryvne)
50?37'N, 26?15'E
Pop. 42,590 (1937)
Rtishchevo (137)
56?16'N, 43?47'E
Pop. 20,440 (1932)
Ryazan' (118)
54?38'N, 39?45'E
Pop. 95,000 (1939)
On the Ust'ye, a
tributary of the
Goryn' river.
Rovenskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On the 01'shanka,
a small tributary
of the Khoper,
WNW of Saratov.
Saratovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right bank
of the Trubezh
river, 2 km. above
its confluence
with the Oka;
town divided into
two parts by
Lybed' river, the
NW section is a
plain, the SE
contains numer-
ous depressions.
Ryazanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Ryl'sk (176) On the Seym river,
51?35'N, 34?42'E 151 km. W of
Pop. 10,200 (1932) Kursk.
Elevation: 160 m.
Kurskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
Rzhev (78) On both banks of
56?16'N, 34?20'E the Volga river.
Pop. 54,100 (1939) Kalininskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Junction of Brest-
Zdolbunovo and L'vov-
Vil'nyus lines; steel
bridge over Ust'ye; 2 sta-
tions (one for freight) .
Road: Junction of hwys. to
Lutsk, Dubno, and Kiev;
6 wooden bridges.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Junction of Moscow-
Saratov and Penza-Bala-
shov-Khar'kov lines.
Internal: Streets in poor
condition.
Rail: Junction of Moskva-
Voronezh - Rostov - na -
Donu and Ryazan'-Kuy-
byshev-IJ f a-Chelyabinsk
lines; narrow-gage line
to Vladimir; station 2
km. from center of town.
Water: River harbor (Oka).
Internal: Bus service.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Narrow-gage line to
Korenev o, connecting
with Kiev-Kursk-Voro-
nezh line.
Road: On Krupets-Sudzha
hwy; hwy. bridge over
Seym river.
Rail: Junction of the Mos-
cow-Riga, Rzhev-Vyaz'-
ma, and Rzhev-Torzhok
lines; bridge over Volga.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: 3 airfields.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Agricultural machinery; locomotive
shops; mill machinery plant;
wheel-rim factory; textiles; edi-
ble oils; turpentine; brickyards;
match factory; sawmills; soap
factory; brewery and distillery;
flour mills; Zdolbunovo cement
plant again in operation follow-
ing repairs.
Tractor station; machine shops;
metalworking; consumers' go,ods;
slaughterhouse; meat packing.
Peat deposits.
Town is in Moscow lignite basin.
Lignite mining; agricultural ma-
chinery; lamp factory; leather
and textiles; woodworking; can-
ning; distillery; state bank; trac-
tor station.
Tractor station; mining of non-
metallic minerals; brickyard; edi-
ble oils; flour mill.
Textiles (flax and hemp especial-
ly) ; munitions dump; artillery
arsenal No. 66; agricultural ma-
chinery; car-repair shops; rope
factory (1,000 workers) ; sawmills;
canning; distillery.
3 hospitals.
20 schools.
4 barracks.
Prison.
3 hotels.
Large school building.
Party club building.
Workers' palace.
3 monasteries.
Advanced schools.
Aviation school.
Power plant (690 kw.).
R.R. power plant (115 kw.) .
Water system. Sewerage
system.
Post, telephone, and tele-
graph office.
Radio telegraph station.
Power plant (500-1,000 kw.;
oil-burning).
Post and telegraph office.
Coastal and airfield radio
station.
Power plant (100-500 kw.).
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio telegraph station.
3,865 dwellings in
1931.
Corps and division hq.
Court and district ad-
ministration.
Section of the secret
police.
Munitions dump.
Military gasoline de-
pot.
Fortification in a
quarry.
Museum.
Library.
Krem1'.
Spring floodwaters
reach the edge of
the city.
Generally gridiron
street pattern.
Built-up area about
21/2 sq. km.
2 museums.
Churches.
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
1,000 dwellings recon-
structed by April,
1944.
lo9uapijuoD
Approved For Release 2003/05/arigAAMPTp5,M4A000200010008-1
601.-111A 360d
109U9p1J.U0)
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
TABLE VIII -14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Saransk (123)*
54?15'N, 45?10'E
Pop. 21,500 (1932)
Semenov (57)
56?52'N, 44?28'E
Pop. 7,530 (1932)
Sengiley (132)
53?58'N, 48?45'E
Pop. 10,700 (1932)
Serpukhov (109)
54?56'N, 37?28'E
Pop. 91,700 (1939)
Sestroretsk (25)
60?06'N, 29?59'E
Pop. 25,400 (1936)
Shakhty (258)
(Aleksandrovsk-
Grushevskiy)
47?43'N, 40?14'E
Pop. 155,100 (1939)
Siauliai (94)
(Shaulyay)
(Schaulen)
(Shayli)
55?56'N, 23?20'E
Pop. 31,650 (1936)
At confluence of
Saranka and In-
sar rivers.
Mordovian ASSR.
(capital),
RSFSR.
NNE of Gor'kiy.
Gor'kovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On the right bank
of the Volga
river, NW of
Kuybyshev.
Ul'yanovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of
Nara river, a
small tributary
of the Oka, and
near confluence
of the two rivers;
99 km. S of Mos-
cow.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
At confluence of
the Sestra and
Chernaya rivers
and on the Gulf
of Finland; 37
km. NNW of Len-
ingrad. Favor-
ably situated
beach.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
NE of Rostov-na-
Donu.
Rostovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
NNW of Kaunas,
on a rise of land
surrounded by
swamps.
Lithuania.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Rail: On Moscow-Kazan'
line.
Air: 1 airfield.
Rail: On Gor'kiy-K irov
line.
Air: .,2 airfields.
Rail: Nearest station at
Ul'yanovsk 47 km. away.
Rail: On Moskva-Khar'kov
line; branch-line leading
WNW; bridge over Oka
river.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Water: River port.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Suburban line to
Leningrad; station on
line to Finland; electrifi-
cation of line underway
in 1941.
Air: Airfield (military).
Rail: Shakhtnaya station
on Armavir - Rostov-na-
Donu - Voronezh line.
Air: 4 airfields.
Rail: Junction of following
lines:
Jelgava-Kaunas
Siauliai-Sovetsk (Tilsit)
Liepaja-Daugavpils
Road: Junction of Sovetsk
Metalworking; tanneries; hemp
processing (785 workers) ; jute
processing; cannery; edible oils.
Tractor station; machine shops;
metalworking; wood industry.
Mining of
machine
cement
goods.
nonmetallic minerals;
shops; metalworking;
factory; consumers'
Metallurgical plant; sawmills; can-
ning; tractor station; artillery
arsenal; trade in grain, hemp,
and wood; textile industries.
Precision instruments factory.
Center of an important anthracite
coal-producing area.
Printing plant; munitions plant;
machine shops; metallurgical in-
dustry; textiles; leather-working;
furniture factories; dairy prod-
ucts; margarine.
Important trade and industrial cen-
ter of NW Lithuania.
Leather and shoe industry (85%,
60% resp. of total for Lithuania) .
Farm machinery; hardware; auto-
mobile repair shops; wire; nails;
Aviation school.
Numerous rest homes.
Hospital.
Schools (high schools,
teachers' college) .
Infantry barracks
(with rail spur, 4
living quarters, 2
Power plant (10,000 kw.,
1941) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio-broadcasting station
RW-65 (1.0 kw.) .
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Radio station RFXP.
Power plant (500-1,000
kw.) .
Radio station RFAI.
Power plant in vicinity
(10,000 kw., 1942).
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Large power plant (90,000
kw.; coal-burning) .
Waterworks.
2 radio stations.
2 power plants (2,020 kw.).
3 transformer houses.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio station at military
flying field.
Cathedral.
Old fortress.
Reservoir (12 sq. km.)
nearby; created by
dam across Sestra
river.
2 km. of track at sta-
tion:
2 through tracks
11 spurs
9 sidings.
St. Peter and St. Paul
01 L-IIIA 9619d
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Siauliai
(Continued)
Slavyansk (205) On the Torets
48?51'N, 37?37'E river, N of Sta-
Pop. 75,500 (1939) lino.
Elevation: 80 m.
Stalinskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Slonim (159) In the valley of the
53?05'N, 25?19'E Shara river.
Pop. 16,280 (1931) Baranovichskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
Slutsk (154)
53?02'N, 2'7?33'E
Pop. 12,991 (1932)
On the S 1 u c h'
river, 200 km. S
of Minsk.
Bobruyskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
Sokol (49) On upper Sukhona
59?28'N, 40?08'E river NNE of Vo-
Pop. 15,090 (1932) logda.
Vologodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Sortavala (21) On north shore of
(Serdobol') Ladozhskoye
61?41'N, 30?41'E Ozero (Lake La-
doga).
Karelo-Finnish
SSR.
(Tilsit) -Jelgava and Pa-
nevays-Maeikiai hwys.
Air: Military airfield (127.4
hectares) , 2 hangars, as-
sembly shed, 6 living
quarters, 30,000 liter gas
tank, rail spur.
Rail: Connections with
Stalino and Khar'kov;
freight station.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On the Bialystok-
Baranovichi line. 2 R.R.
bridges.
Road: Bialystok-Barano-
vichi highway. 5 hwy.
bridges.
Rail: Connections w ith
Bobruysk and Timko-
vichi.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Vologda-Arkhangel'sk
line, station 2 km. from
town.
Water: River port.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On the line to Vyborg.
Air: 2 airfields.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
shoes; felt hides; leather; linen;
jute; woolen and other textiles;
rope; knit goods; bone meal; lu-
bricants; medicinals; dyes; soap;
cellulose; paper; furniture; large
slaughterhouse (fresh and cured
meats and poultry) oil pressing;
starch; sugar; chocolate; cheese;
brewing; 2 other slaughter-
houses; sausage casings; egg
grading and packing.
Chemical warfare agents and ex-
plosives; armaments and muni-
tions; metalworking; car repair
shops; 4 chemical plants; glass
and porcelain (including insula-
tors) ; soap; canning; distillery;
chalk quarries in vicinity.
Machine factory; tanning; 4 saw-
mills; brickyards; glue; soap and
candle works; slaughterhouse and
stockyard with rail spur; liqueurs;
cereal mills; military depot with
rail spur.
Metalworking; knit goods; furni-
ture; canning; cereal mills; food-
stuffs.
Newspaper; chemical industries;
celluloid; cellulose; p ape r;
canned goods.
Cellulose plant; 2 paper mills; saw-
mill; small shipyard; plywood
plant; wool spinning.
stables, 7 store
sheds, gasoline
dump) .
Barracks.
2 hospitals.
19 schools.
Infantry barracks.
2 buildings of the
Commissariat f o r
Internal Affairs;
militia bldgs.
Power plant (3,000 kw.) .
Power plant 410 kw.
Water main, pumping 1931.
plant, 2 water towers.
Main post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Church with steeple
73 m. high.
Irregular street pat-
tern with consider-
able open space.
Several small lakes
in vicinity.
2,033 dwellings in
Power plant.
Power plant (15,000 kw.) .
Small hydroelectric plant.
mi.uapijuoD
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TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Sovetsk (262)*
(Tilsit)
55?04'N, 21?54'E
Pop. 57,244 (1933) ?
Starokonstantinov
(219)
49?45'N, 27?16'E
Pop. 12,400 (1932)
Stry (228)
(Stryj)
49?16'N, 23?52'E
Pop. 31,700 (1937)
Sumy (175)
50?56'N, 34?47'E
Pop. 63,880 (1939)
Svoboda (182)
(Liski)
(Novopokrovka)
50?59'N, 39?30'E
Pop. 16,300 (1932)
Syktyvkar (15)
(Ust'-Sysol'sk)
61?40'N, 50?51'E
Pop. More than
0 10,000 (no defi-
nite data)
On left bank of
Neman (Memel)
river, 115 km. NE
of Kaliningrad.
Kaliningradskaya
Oblast'7 RSFSR.
On Sluch' river.
Kamenets-Podol'-
skaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
In the wide valley
of the Stryy
river, a tributary
of the Dnestr; 87
km. S of L'vov.
Drogobychskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On the Psel, NW of
Khar'kov.
Elevation: 140 m.
Sumskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On left bank of
Don river, 97 km.
S of Voronezh.
Elevation: 100 m.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
At confluence of
Sysola and Vy-
chegda rivers;
left bank of both
rivers.
Komi ASSR.
(capital),
RSFSR.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Rail: Connections with
Klaipeda (Memel) and
Kaliningrad; R.R. bridge
over the Neman river de-
stroyed and replaced by
emergency bridge.
Road: Hwy. bridge over the
Neman river destroyed
and replaced by emer-
gency bridge. Second
hwy. bridge over body of
water beyond Neman
river.
Rail: Connections with
Shepetovka, Vinnit sa,
a n d Kamenets-Podol'-
skiy.
Road: Hwy. to Kamenets-
Podol'skiy.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of lines to
L'vov, Dolina, Munkach-
evo, Drogobych, and Ter-
nopol'; power plant for
R.R.
Road: Junction of L'vov-
Munkachevo and Drogo-
bych-Stanislav h w y s;
bridge over Stryy river.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: On Khar'kov-Voro-
zha line.
Road: Junction of a net of
local roads.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Liski station on
Khar'kov-Penza - Gor'kiy
and Moscow - Voronezh-
Rostov-na-Donu lin e s;
R.R. bridge over the Don.
Rail: Connection with Ki-
rov-Kotlas line under
construction in 1944.
Machine shops; textiles; sugar re-
fining.
Oil wells and natural gas; metal-
lurgical industry; machine shops;
iron foundries; manufacture of
drills (independent power plant) ;
chemical plant; oil refinery; tex-
tiles (expansion of industry under
way) ; wood industry; sawmill
(steam-driven) ; match factory;
wood-products plant (independ-
ent power plant) .
2 hospitals.
Hotels.
18 schools.
3 barracks.
Munitions plant (hand grenades) ; Hotels.
production of armored vehicles
and spare parts; machine shops;
shoes and leather; textiles;
chemicals; sawmills; sugar re-
fineries.
Machine shops; metallurgical in-
dustry; slaughterhouse; consum-
ers' goods.
Rosin products; sawmill; brick-
yard; cellulose plant (3,000 work-
ers in 1941) .
R.R. power plant.
2 factory power plants.
Gas works.
Post and telephone office.
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (100-500 kw.) .
Radio station RFRD.
Power plant (1,000-3,000
kw.) ; 4 km. from town
on upper Sysola river.
Broadcasting station RW-
41.
Airfield and 4 other radio
stations.
Street pattern very ir-
regular gridiron.
2,904 dwellings in
1931.
Munitions dump.
Combination of grid-
iron and irregular
street patterns.
Built-up area about
71/2 sq. km.
Combination of grid-
iron and irregular
street pattern.
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Name
coordinates
population
Tartu (30)
(Yuryev)
(Dorpat)
58?23N, 26?46'E
Pop. 58,880 (1934)
72,092 (1938)
Taurage (261)
(Tauraggen)
55?15'N, 22?20'E
Pop. 10,500 (1939)
Ternopol' (222)
(Tarnopol)
49?33'N, 25?37'E
Pop. 40,000 (1937)
33,000 (Dec. 1940)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
transportation
trade
billeting
River port on the
Rail: Station on Riga-Tal-
Machine manufacture; linen weav-
University bldgs., in-
navigable E m a
Jogi (Embach),
flowing here
through a
marshy area.
City is on hilly
ground.
Estonia.
On the Akmena,
which joins far-
ther downstream
with the Se?usis
to form the Jffra,
at the former
East Prussian
boundary NE of
Sovetsk (Tilsit) .
Lithuania.
In the valley of the
Seret river, which
is widened into a
lake at the W
edge of the town
(lake partially
dried up) ; town
lies in northern
part of Volyno-
Podol'skaya Voz-
vyshennost' (Po-
dolskaya plain) ,
which is open
and sparsely for-
ested.
Ternopol'skaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
linn line. Passenger sta-
tion with sidings and
switchyard.
Road: Junction of Tallinn-
Voru through hwy. and
local ro ad s; 2 hwy.
bridges.
Air: 1 airfield.
Internal: 3 bridges over the
Ema Jogi.
Rail: Sovetsk (Tilsit) -
Siauliai line.
R o ad: Sovetsk (Tilsit) -
Siauliai through hwy.
Rail: Lines to Podvolochisk,
Z bar azh, Grimaylov
Krasne and Berezovitsa-
Ostrov.
Road: Hviys. to L'vov,
Berezhany, Terebovlya,
and Odessa; bridge over
Seret.
Air: 3 airfields (one with
area of 750 hectares) .
Tikhvin (40) On the Tikhvinka Rail: On Leningrad - Vo-
59?38'N, 33?30'E (a small river) . logda line.
Pop. 12,000 * Leningradskaya Air: 2 airfields.
Oblast', RSFSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
ing; felt; 6 tanneries; shoes; 7
sawmills; matches; 2 brickyards;
cigarettes; 2 breweries; distillery;
starch; cereal mills.
Slaughterhouse and stockyards;
market hall; trade in lumber and
flax.
Machine shop; textiles; shoes;
rope; woolen and cotton goods; 4
furniture factories; 4 sawmills;
hides and skins; 8 cereal mills;
geese fattening; sausage casings;
large slaughterhouse (preserved
meats) with its own power plant.
2 gasoline dumps; motor vehicle
repair shop; agricultural machin-
ery; cement factory; sawmills;
chalk, soap, and candle factory;
candy; vinegar; liqueurs; tobac-
co processing plant (independent
power plant) ; brewery; flour
mills.
Aluminum-oxide plant (50,000 met-
ric tons) ; sawmill; woodworking;
tractor station.
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
stitutes and library,
several museums.
Military hospital, 11
other hospitals
(with upper school
clinic and other
clinics) .
13 upper schools.
3 hotels.
Barracks.
Hospital.
Dragoon barracks:
2 living quarters,
garages, tank stor-
age, 30 metric tons
capacity.
Infantry barracks.
Hospital.
3 hotels.
23 schools.
Barracks (including
facilities f o r ar-
mored forces).
2 monasteries.
Gas works.
Telephone office.
Radio station.
2 power plants.
Private power plant at
slaughterhouse.
Post and telegraph office.
Power plant (1,150 kw., 2 x
150 v.; probably d.c.) .
Water system.
Main post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Broadcasting transmitter.
Small power plant (12,000
kw.) .
Radio station RDFZ.
4,471 dwellings, 3,680
of them wooden.
University city.
Botanical gardens.
Museum.
Street pattern irregu-
lar gridiron.
City has grown be-
yond the old walls
on both sides of the
small river.
3,592 dwellings in
1931.
Churches.
2 detachments of the
secret police.
Militia building.
2 underground muni-
tions depots and 4
other munitions de-
pots.
loguoppop
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TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
,billeting
_Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Tiraspol' (234)*
46?50'N, 29?45'E
Pop. 25,750 (1932)
Tukums (88)
(Tuckum)
56?58'N, 23?09'E
Pop. 8,140 (1935)
Tutayev (71)
(Romanovo-
Borisoglebsk)
57?53'N, 3912'E
Pop. 13,000 (1933)
Uglich (69)
57?32'N, 38?20'E
Pop. 7,150 (1932)
Ul'yanovsk (125)
(Simbirsk)
54?23'N, 48?25'E
Pop. 102,100 (1939)
Uman' (216)
48?44'N, 30?12'E
Pop. 50,000 (1932)
Uryupinsk (186)
(Uryupino)
50?48'N, 42?01'E
Pop. 17,920 (1932)
On left bank of
Dnestr river.
Former capital of
the Moldavian
SSR.
On the Slocene
river which here
forms an elon-
gated lake.
City on an eleva-
tion, surrounded
by other eleva-
tions.
Latvia.
On both high
banks of the
Volga river; 53
km. NW of Yaro-
slavl' (by rail) .
Yaroslavskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
Volga, WSW of
Yaroslavl'.
Yaroslavskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Between the Svi-
yaga and Volga
rivers; on a
height 140 m.
above the Volga.
Ul'yanovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On both banks of
Umanka river;
230 km. S of Kiev
in a hilly region.
Kiyevskaya Oblast',
Ukrainian SSR.
On the left bank of
the Khoper river.
Stalingradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Connections with
Bendery and Odessa.
Air: 2 airfields.
Water: River harbor.
Rail: Junction of the Riga-
Ventspils and Jelgava-
Tuktuns lines. 2 stations.
Road: Junction of local
roads.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Terminus of a spur
line from the Bologoye-
Shcherbakov - Yaroslavl'
line; station on the right
bank of the Volga.
Road: On Shcherbakov-
Yaroslavl' Hwy.
Water: Steamer landing.
Rail: Terminus on a spur
line from Kalyazin.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Water: River shipping.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Moskva-Kazan'-
Uf a line; bridge over the
Volga; important freight
transfer point from
steamer to R.R. (and vice
versa).
Water: Steamer traffic.
Rail: Terminus of spur line
connecting with Cher-
kassy-Vapnyarka line.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Terminus of a branch
of the Moscow-Stalin-
grad line.
Air: 2 airfields.
Machine shops; sawmills; furniture Barracks.
industry; brickyards; distillery;
wine pressing; canning.
Market for the agricultural region.
2 forges; 3 machine shops; 4 wool-
working businesses; 2 rope fac-
tories; 2 saddlery shops; 4 other
leather-working businesses; ce-
ment products; 3 sawmills; dairy;
2 cereal mills; tank depot.
2 hotels.
Boardinghouses.
Tulma flax-spinning mill (2,100 Monastery.
workers).
Paper factory; sawmill; wool and Monastery.
felt fulling; consumers' goods. Castle.
Printing plant; deposits of oil shale
in vicinity; munitions plant
(cartridges) ; metalworking; saw-
mill; textiles; brickyard; brew-
ery; distillery; flour mills and
starch factory.
Part of evacuated automobile plant
(from Moscow) established dur-
ing war. Diesel trucks to be mfr.
Hospital.
Hotels.
Monasteries.
Schools.
Theater.
Parachute factory; iron foundry Sanitarium.
and machine shop; textiles; Barracks.
chemical industry; leather; sugar
refining; sawmill; flour mills;
brickyards; distilleries.
Tractor station; agricultural ma-
chinery; meat packing; canning;
edible oils; consumers' goods.
Power plant (in vicinity).
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Broadcasting station RW-
57.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio station YLC.
Telephone and telegraph 2 cathedrals.
connections.
Hydroelectric power plant
(110,000 kw.) ; lock on the
Volga.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio station RGPE.
Radio station RKKQ.
Power plant (100-500 kw.).
2 radio stations.
Kreml' area includes
tower; area is focal
point for 3 streets
from edge of town;
semiradial pattern.
Labor camp in vicin-
ity.
Museums.
Library.
Cathedral and
churches.
Division Hq.
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Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Uzhgorod (230)
On the Ug river.
Rail: Connections with
Chemical industry.
Advanced schools.
(Ungvar)
Zakarpatskaya
L'vov.
Furniture industry.
Castle (14th century).
(Whorod)
48?38'N, 22?18'E
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
Road: Hwy to Munkachevo.
Air: Airfield.
Flour mills.
Pop. 26,669 (1930)
Valga (84) and
Twin cities on
Rail: Valga: Junction of
Valga: Tank depot, railroad shops,
Valga: Hospital.
Valka (85)
(Walk) (Valk)
either side of the
Estonion-Latvian
Riga-Tapa and Riga-
Pskov lines. Valka: Junc-
brickyard, furniture factory,
brewery.
5 upper schools.
2 hotels.
57?47'N, 26?02'E
border.
tion of Aluksne-Rujiena
Valka: 2 sawmills.
Valka: 3 hotels.
Pop. 14,110:
Valga: Estonia.
and Riga-Tallinn lines.
Valga 10,840 (1934)
Valka: Latvia.
Road: Both: Junctions of
Valka 3,270 (1935)
Estonia and Latvia.
local roads.
Valuyki (179)
50?13'N, 38?07'E
Pop. 11,000 (1932)
On right bank of
Oskol river, ENE
of Khar'kov.
Kurskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
Velikiye Luki (100) On both banks of
Air: Valga only: Summer
airfield (500 m. x 600 m.) ,
not suitable for heavy
aircraft.
Rail: Junction of Moskva-
Yelets-Valuyki, Khar'-
kov - Kupyansk - Penza-
Gor'kiy, and Valuyki-
Luganskaya lines; R.R.
bridge.
Road: 2 hwy. bridges.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of Moskva-
56?22'N, 30?32'E
L ova t'
river,
Riga and Bologoye-Ne-
Pop. 26,480 (1932)
which
flows
vel'-Polotsk - Molodechno
through
a large
lines; 3 bridges over Lo-
swamp N of the
town.
Velikolukskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
vat' river.
Road: Hwy. junction; 3
bridges over Lovat' river;
1 bridge over R.R. yards.
Air: 2 airfields.
Velikiy Ustyug (17) On Sukhona river Water: Steamer port.
(Severodvinsk) near confluence
60?45'N, 46?20'E with the Yug,
Pop. 23,380 (1932) forming the Sev-
ernaya Dvina.
Vologodskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Tractor station; grain elevator; R.
R. shops; edible oils; flour mills;
consumers' goods.
Metalworking; car- and locomotive-
repair shops; textiles; pitch fac-
tory; brickyard; 2 sawmills; can-
ning; distillery; oil-storage fa-
cilities.
Metalworking; silver working; light Monasteries.
industries; cotton manufactures;
smokers' supplies; ceramics; lum-
ber working; farm implements
mfr; brewing; home industries;
trapping.
Valga: Post, telegraph, and
telephone office.
Valka: No data.
Business school.
Valga: A garrison
town; irregular
gridiron pattern,
1,423 dwellings,
1,250 of them wood-
en.
Power plant. Gridiron street pat-
Telephone aa-id telegraph tern.
connections.
Waterworks with tower and
pumphouse.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio telegraph station.
Airfield radio station.
Radio station RDWL.
Area of 2.5 sq km. ob-
served as 85% de-
stroyed in Jan.
1944.
Cathedrals and
churches.
popapuuoD
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0
5'
a
TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Ventspils (89) *
(Windau)
(Venta) (Vin-
dava) (Ventpils)
57?23'N, 21?34'E
Pop. 16,000 (1938)
Viljandi (29)
(Vilyandi) (Fel-
(Vilyani)
58?22'N, 25?35'E
Pop. 11,790 (1934)
Vinnitsa (217)
49?13'N, 28?26'E
Pop. 92,900 (1939)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
On left (S) bank
Rail: Station on the Riga-
Railroad shops; foundries; machine Hospital. Power plant.
of the Venta
Ventspils line.
shops; wool and leather working 3 hotels. Post, telegraph, and tele-
river, at its
Air: 4 airfields.
factories (2 each) ; 3 rope fac-Airmen's barracks un-phone office.
mouth into the
Water: 3rd largest port in
tories; glass plant; brickyard; der construction Radio station.
Baltic. Extensive
Latvia. See remarks.
soap; starch; 12 sawmills; brew-(Aug. 1940) .
marshes w ith
Internal: Timber bridge
ing; distilling; 2 cereal mills;
scattered settle-
across the Venta.
fishing.
ments surround
the city. Beach
with summer
homes.
Torpedoboat harbor.
Imports: coal, piece goods, 13,932
tons (1928) .
Exports: lumber, grain, flax, hemp,
butter, 4,734 tons (1928) .
Latvia.
On Viljandi Jarv
(Lake Fel li n) ,
which drains
through the
Tanassilma into
Vorts-Jarv
(VOrts Lake).
Estonia.
On both banks of
the southern Bug
river (Yuzhnyy
Bug) .
Vinnitskaya Oblast'
Ukrainian SSR.
Rail: Station on the Moisa-
kfila-Tallinn line.
Road: Junction of local
roads with the Tallinn-
Valmiera through hwy.
Air: Airfield, 550 m. x 650
Rail: Lines to L'vov, Cher-
novtsy, Kiev, and Odessa.
Road: Junction of local
roads.
Air: 2 airfields.
Small machine factory; linen weav-
ing; felt; matches; bricks; dairy,
and 3 other dairies in the sur-
rounding region; large horse
market; large textile plant oper-
ating normally (1946) .
Printing plant (newspaper) ; fuel
and munitions dumps; gun fac-
tory; iron foundry; metalwork-
ing; chemical plant (sulfuric
acid; tower and chamber process;
15,600 metric tons) ; superphos-
Hospital.
5 higher schools.
2 hotels.
Exposition grounds.
Barracks.
Power plant.
Telephone office.
Remarks
Power plant.
Post and telegraph office.
Broadcasting station RW-
75.
5 radio stations, of which 3
are ground-to-air.
Natural alternate
harbor for Riga
which may be
blocked by ice.
Ventspils harbor is
ice-free, but drift
ice causes trouble in
February, and a belt
of drift ice is built
up with west winds.
Outer harbor: N and
S moles extending
out to sea; depth
between them 5.3
m. to 6 m.; serves as
harbor of refuge.
Commercial harbor:
Extends 13 km. up-
stream; water area
283 hectares, 150
hectares being
available to ships.
Customs quay on N
bank: 400 m., with
5 storehouses and 2
bins (4,250 sq. m.)
43-ton crane. Ele-
vator quay (1 km.)
wit h storehouses
and sheds (49,500
sq. m.) , 28,000-ton
grain elevator, re-
frigerator (for 2,870
tons of butter) .
Freight and passen-
ger service on the
Venta as far as
Kuldiga.
1,342 dwellings, 1,040
of them wooden.
Irregular combination
of radial and grid-
iron patterns.
Ordnance office.
Museums.
Ukrainian Soil-Chem-
istry Trust.
911.-111A aBod
Approved For Release 209M/14ri CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
11314U9p14U0D
1.-80001.000Z000VM71.1.0-6/dC1U-VI3 : 171./90/?00Z aseeieu -10d peACLICIdV
0
ca.
3
a
irlwapjuoD
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
Vinnitsa
(Continued)
Vitebsk (101)
55?10'N, 30?12'E
Pop. 167,400 (1939)
Vladimir (65)
(Volodimir)
56?08'N, 40?25'E
Pop. 66,800 (1939)
Vladimirovka (196)
48?23'N, 46?08'E
Pop. 7,250 (1932)
Vladimir-Volynskiy
(166)
(Wlodzimierz)
50?51'N, 24?19'E
Pop. 28,410 (1937)
Volkhov (41)
(Zvanka)
59?55'N, 32?20'E
Pop. 11,000 (1932)
At the confluence
of the Zapad-
naya Dvina and
the Vit'ba.
Vitebskaya Oblast',
White Russian
SSR.
On high left bank
of the Klyaz'ma
river.
Vladimirskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of
Volga river; ESE
of Stalingrad.
Astrakhanskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
the Luga (a
tributary of the
Bug) .
Volynskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On Volkhov river,
110 km. E of Len-
ingrad.
Leningradskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Important junction.
Shunting yard. Combined
R.R. and hwy. bridge.
Air: Airfield.
Water: River port.
Rail: On Moscow-Gor'kiy
line; branch line to Rya-
zan'.
Road: On Moscow-Gor-kiy
hwy.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Akhtuba station (3
km. away) on branch of
Saratov-Astrakhan' line;
R.R. bridge.
Water: River port.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Junction of lines to
Kovel', Ustilug, L'vov,
and Voynitsa; locomotive
sheds.
Road: Hwys. to Lutsk and
Ustilug.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Leningrad-Mur-
mansk and Leningrad-
Vologda lines; branch
line to Chudovo.
Air: Airfield (military and
civilian) .
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 square meter=10.76 square feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
phate plant, being restored in
1946; textiles and leather; saw-
mills; woodworking; meat pack-
ing; - distilling.
Trade center; arms factory; peat
production; metalworking; Kirov
tool factory; agricultural ma-
chinery; car repair shops; optical
industry (best in the USSR) ;
newspaper; shoes and leather
goods; cotton, flax, and other tex-
tiles; stockings; cement; knit
goods; chemicals; sawmills; fur-
niture; woodworking and veneer;
canning; oil pressing; distilleries;
munitions dump.
Printing plant (newspaper) .
Arms factory; chemical plant (ex-
plosives and chemical warfare
agents) ; automobile accessories
plant; car repair shops; electro-
Schools.
Monastery.
Theater.
Technical school.
Aviation school.
Trade union hall.
2 hotels.
Post and telegraph office.
Weather station.
Radio station RRT.
Power plant (7,500 kw.;
peat-burning) .
Post, telegraph, and tele-
phone office.
Oblast capital.
Cathedral, old church,
museum, pedagogi-
cal institute.
Kreml'.
Cathedrals and
churches.
Museums.
technical products; textiles; dis-
tillery; alimentary pastes; new
tractor factory est. during war
(June 1945) .
Salt production.
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
Built-up area 21/2 sq.
km.
Church square in
middle of town.
Gasoline and oil dumps; coal depot;
District hospital.
Power plant (294 kw.) .
3,165 dwellings in
brickyards; steam-powered saw-
19 schools.
Water-pumping plant.
1931.
mill; edible oils; tanneries; cap
Several barracks (in-
Water system.
2 secret police build-
(hat) factory; flour mills; candy
cluding two for ar-
Post and telephone office.
ings.
factory.
mored troops) .
2 radio stations in former Bunker with anti-
Prison.
infantry barracks. tank ditch.
Munitions depots.
Aluminum plant (10,000 metric tons
annual capacity) ; tractor station
Large hydroelectric power
plant (66,000 kw. in 1933).
(near Lungachi) ; paper factory.
Radio station.
lopapuuoD
Approved For Release 2003/05/arigAAIRF'fb9M4A000200010008-1
LLL-111A 96od
1.-.80001?000Z000V1V1.1.0-6/dCltl-VIO :171./90/?00Z eseeieu JOd peACLICIdV
TABLE VIII- 14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Volkovysk (162)*
(Wolkowysk)
approx.
53?20'N, 24?30'E
Pop. 17,000 (1937)
Voronezh (181)
51?39'N, 39?14'E
Pop. 326,800 (1939)
Vyaz'ma (104)
(Wjasma)
55?12'N, 34?17'E
Pop. 23,960 (1932)
On the Kolosovsh-
chyzna, not far
from its mouth
in the Ross'.
The city extends 7
km. along the
Kolosovsh-
chyzna.
Grodnenskaya
Oblast', White
Russian SSR.
On the high left
bank of the Vor-
onezh river, 9
km. above its
confluence with
the Don.
Elevation: 130 m.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of Vy-
az'ma river 125
km. ENE of
Smolensk.
Smolenskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Rail: Junction of the Wars-
zawa-Lida and Bialystok-
Baranovichi lines. 4 sta-
tions.
Road: Bialystokslonim,
road. Seven hwy. bridges,
some road bridges.
Water: Port, enlarged by
the Russians.
Rail: On Moscow - Voro-
nezh - Rostov-na - Donu
and Voronezh - Kursk-
Kiev lines; bridges over
Don; 2 stations.
Road: Important hwy.
junction; 2 bridges over
Voronezh river.
Water: Steamer landing on
Don.
Internal: Main street orig-
inates at main R.R. sta-
tion and runs N and S
through middle of town.
Streetcars and buses.
Air: 4 airfields.
Rail: On Smolensk-Moskva
and Vyaz'ma - Kaluga
lines.
Air: 3 airfields.
Iron foundry; farm implement fac-
tory; tanneries; pottery; saw-
mills; cork; many brickyards;
starch; liquor; groats; and meat-
packing plant; 2 slaughterhouses;
railroad coal and fuel depot; tank
depot.
Aircraft plants; Komintern ma-
chine plant; Stalin diesel motor
plant; foundry; machine shops;
Kaganovich car shops; automo-
bile factory (parts) ; grinding
machines; welding plant; oil re-
finery; synthetic rubber (SK-2) ;
completely restored. Chemicals,
electric apparatus, textiles, shoes
(shoe industry undergoing ex-
pansion) ; distilleries.
Tractor station; metalworking;
hides and furs; cellulose plant;
edible oils.
Vyshniy Volochek
On the Vyshnevo-
Rail: On Moscow-Lenin-
Peat-cutting; iron foundry (textile
(76)
lotskiy Kana 1,
grad line.
machinery) ; metalworking; tex-
(Vishniy Volo-
which connects
Road: Hwy. junction.
tile mill (7,500 workers) ; chemi-
chek)
the Tvertsa (a
Water: Lock installations.
cals; sawmill; canning.
57?35'N, 34?34'E
tributary of the
Internal: Boulevards along
Pop. 64,000 (1939)
Volga) with the
the canal.
Msta (a tribu-
Air: Airfield.
tary of the Volk-
hov) .
Kalininskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
3 hospitals. 2 power plants 400 kw. and 2,022
dwellings
in
11 schools. 160 kw. 1931.
3 hotels. Podros power plant 1,306
Troop billet in a for-kw., 220 and 3,000 v.
mer school. Main post, telegraph, and
Barrack group (cos-telephone office.
sacks and infan-
try) .
Prison.
Motorized troop billet
at the Petraszowce
estate.
Repaired as of Jan.
1945:
16 hospitals.
10 polyclinics.
30 schools.
9 colleges.
9 technical schools.
3 maternity homes.
5 hotels.
Monasteries.
Power plant (60,000 kw.;
coal-burning; overland
transmission) .
2 power plants recon-
structed since war.
Post and telegraph office.
Telephone central (3,000
connections) .
Radio broadcasting station
RW-25 (10-49.9 kw.) .
Radio telegraph station.
Airfield radio station.
Water system.
Power plant.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Radio station RENI.
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Coastal radio station.
The old city and for-
tress lie east of the
main street; irregu-
lar street pattern.
The new city lies west
of main street and
contains govern-
ment buildings,
commercial and in-
dustrial buildings;
general grid pat-
tern.
City 80%-90% de-
stroyed during war.
7,647 dwellings re-
paired as of Jan.
1945.
Large forested areas
N of city.
Cathedral.
8 L L-IIIA 960d
Approved For Release 2C591yR/141): CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
0
CO
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Name
coordinates
population
Yalta (247)
44?35'N, 34?15'E
Pop. 21,500 (1932)
Yefremov (142)
53?09'N, 38?07'E
Pop. 21,000 (1933)
Yelets (143)
52?38'N, 38?30'E
Pop. 50,000 (1939)
Yevpatoriya (244)
(Eupatoria)
45?15'N, 33?23'E
Pop. 30,000 (1932)
Geographical
characteristics
Means of access
and internal
transportation
Resources
and
trade
Health, hospitals,
and
billeting
Utilities
and
telecommunications
Remarks
On SE coast of the
Rail: Connections with Se-Shipyard; metalworking; 2 oil re-
Numerous sanatori-Power plant (500 kw.).
City is well-known
Crimean Penin-
vastopol' and Moscow. fineries; wine presses; tobacco
UM& Post office.
bathing resort.
sula; surrounded
Road: Hwy. junction. processing food industry; li-
"Young Pioneer" 2 coastal radio stations.
City consists of 3 sec-
by mountains on
Air: Airfield. queurs; tractor station.
camp in Artek.
tions; the old city
3 sides; small
Water: Steamers to Sevas-
Livadiya Palace (for-
on the slopes of the
ice-free harbor.
topol' and Odessa; har-
mer imperial resi-
Yamalakh-Syr; the
Krymskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
bor protected by a long
and massive mole with a
lighthouse.
dence).
Theater. Hotels.
Warehouses with area
of 8,500 sq. m.
new city between
two streams, the
Guva and the
Uchan-Su, on the
Sanatorium N o. 1 6
started operations
(1945) .
Megavi slopes, and
the center of town
on the Nab (a
stream) .
4 museums, library.
On the Krasivaya
Mecha river, 169
km. SE of Tula.
Tul'skaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
On the left bank of
the Sosna river,
Rail: On the Moscow-Yelets
line.
Road: On the Tula-Yelets-
Voronezh hwy.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: On Moscow-Yelets-
Valuyki, Orel - Lipetsk,
Large synthetic rubber plant (Di-
vinyl process) ("SK3") ; 3 tractor
stations; consumers' goods; 5
state farms in vicinity.
Iron foundry; leather processing;
3 brickyards; lime kiln; wood-
Hospital.
Power plant (12,000 kw.;
coal-burning) .
Telephone and telegraph
connections.
Power plant.
Water system.
Gridiron street pat-
tern.
Museum.
195 km. E of
and Orel - Lev Tolstoy
working plant; distillery; flour
Telephone and telegraph
Orel; in black
soil area.
Orlovskaya Oblast',
lines.
Road: Hwy. junction.
Air: 3 airfields.
mills; printing plant.
system.
Radio station at commer-
cial airfield.
RSFSR.
On W coast of the
Rail: Sarabuz-Yevpatoriya
Export of grain.
Many sanitariums in-
Power plant (300 kw.) .
City divided into old
Krym (Crimea)
branch line connects with
Salt mining in vicinity; metalwork-
cluding one mili-
Post office.
and new town (lat-
and on the calm
Khar'kov - Sevastopol'
ing; furniture industry; textiles;
tary sanitarium.
Radio telegraph station.
ter includes villas
Kalamitskiy Za?
line.
chemical industry; production of
Aviation school (na-
Coastal radio station.
and spa) .
liv (bay) ; culti-
Air: Airfield.
iodine; distilling; flour mills;
val) .
Large mosque.
vated steppe ex-
Water: Steamers to Odessa
bread factory; fisheries; canning;
Hotels.
Museums.
tends to the
and Sevastopol'; light-
tractor station.
Monastery.
Coastal fortifications
coast between
two salt lakes,
Ozero Maynak-
skoye and Ozero
house; port facilities with
dock installations and
open roadstead (4 sq.
km.) .
Theater.
5 warehouses.
4 sheds.
Oil storage.
Moderately d a m p,
mild climate.
Sasyk; pleasant
beach.
Krymskaya Oblast',
RSFSR.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 meter=3.28 feet
1 square meter=10.76 square feet
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
1 square kilometer=0.39 square miles
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
TABLE VIII -14 (Continued)
Name
coordinates
population
Geographical
characteristics
Yevstratovskiy
(184) *
50?10'N, 39?40'E
Pop. 4,300 (1932)
Yoshkar-Ola (54)
(Tsarevokok-
shaisk)
(Krasnokok-
shaisk)
56?39'N, 47?53'E
Pop. 8,200 (1932)
9,400 (1939)
Zagorsk (72)
(Sergiyev)
Sergiyevo)
(Sagorod)
56?20'N, 38?08'E
Pop. 27,820 (1932)
Zhitomir (170)
50?19'N, 28?40'E
Pop. 95,100 (1939)
Zhlobin (149)
52?54'N, 30?02'E
Pop. 10,100 (1932)
At confluence of
Valitva and Ka-
litva rivers; 213
km. S of Voro-
nezh.
Voronezhskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On right bank of
the Malaya Kok-
shaga, a tribu-
tary of the Vol-
ga; on a height;
NW of Kazan'.
71 km. NE of Mos-
COW.
Moskovskaya
Oblast', RSFSR.
On left bank of
Teterev river.
Zhitomirskaya
Oblast', Ukrain-
ian SSR.
On the Dnepr, 80
km. NW of Go-
mel'.
Gomenkaya
Oblast', Whit e
Russian SSR.
Means of access
and internal
Resources
and
Health, hospitals,
and
Utilities
and
Remarks
transportation
trade
billeting
telecommunications
Rail: On Moskva - Voro-
nezh - Rostov-na-Donu
line.
Air: Airplane.
Rail: Terminus of a spur
line from the Moskva-
Kazan' line.
Rail: On Moskva-Yaroslavl'
line.
Air: Airfield.
Rail: Connections with
Leningrad and Berdichev.
Air: 2 airfields.
Rail: Connections
Gomel', Bobruysk,
gilev and Mozyr';
bridge.
Road: Hwy bridge.
Air: Airfield.
with
Mo-
R.R.
Tractor station; printing plant; 2
sawmills; brickyards; flour mills;
consumers' goods; sunflower oil;
meat packing.
Tractor station; motor factory; op-
tical plant; 2 brickyards; dairy;
flour mill; state farm in vicinity;
gun factory; munitions plant and
dump 17 km. from center of town.
Metalworking; textiles; chemical
industry; leather; tobacco proc-
essing; distillery; alimentary
pastes.
Railroad repair shops; metalwork-
ing; canning; agricultural indus-
tries; oil dump.
3 technical schools.
Monastery (used as
museum) .
Home for disabled
persons.
Children's home.
Electrotechnical mili-
tary academy.
Barracks (including
those adjacent to
airfields and oth-
ers for armored and
motorized troops,
artillery, and infan-
try) .
Aviation school.
Barracks.
Power plant (500-1,000 Technical institute for
kw.) . wood.
Broadcasting station RW-
61 (0.1-9.9 kw.).
Power plant (1,000-3,000 2 cathedrals.
kw.; oil-burning) .
Pumping station.
Post and telegraph office.
Radio telegraph station.
2 radio stations.
Radio station REAA.
Parachute tower.
Munitions dump.
Raion center.
* Index number on FIGURE VIII-119.
CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 kilometer=0.62 miles
OZ LIDA 0813c1
0
CD
0-
0
0
"
>
Z
C/1 01
0 . .
0
0
CD???1
0
0
0
oo
NAME
Akhiar
Akkerman
Aleksandrov
Aleksandrovsk
Aleksandrovsk-
Grushevsky
Alexandrov
Aleksandrovsk
Alatyr'
(Archangel)
Arkhangel'sk
Arzamas
Astrakhan'
Atkarsk
Azov
Balakhna
Balashov
Balt), Byeley
Balttschport
Baranowicze
Baranovichi
Baronsk
Belaya Tserkov'
Belgorod
Belgorod-
Dnestrovskiy
Belomorsk
Belozersk
Bel'tsy
Bendery
Bezhetsk
Bezhitsa
Bobriki
Bobruisk
Bobruysk
Bogorodsk
Bologoye
Borisoglebsk
Borisov
Borovichi
Brest
Bryansk
Brzek-nad-
Bugiem
ByeIcy
Cernauti
Cetatea Alba
Chapayevsk
Charkow
Cheboksary
Cherepovets
Cherkassy
Chernigov
Chernovtsy
Cherson
Chisinau
Chistopol'
Chuguyev
Daugavpils
Detskoye Selo
Dmitrovsk-
Stalinskiy
Dneprodzer-
zhinsk
Dnepro-
petrovsk
Dorpat
Drogobych
Drohobycz
Dilnaburg,
Dvinsk
Dzerzhinsk
Engel's
Enso
Eupatoria
Fellin
Peodosiya
Gardinas
Gatchina
Gomel'
Gor'kiy
Gorlovka
Gorodenka
Gorodets
Grodno
Gryazi
Gryazovets
Khitinogorsk
Ismail
Ivanovo
Ivashchenkovo
Izhevsk
Izmail
Jelgava
Kadnikoy
Haifa, Kele
Kakisalmi
Kalinin
Kaliningrad
KalinInsk
Kaluga
Kalyazin
Kamenets-
Podol'skiy
Kamensk
" See Leningr
VIII-119).
VARIANT
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
INDEX OF TOWNS
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS ARE INDICATED BY ITALICIZED NUMBERS IN THE TEXT, AND BY UNDERSCORED NUMBERS ON FIGURE
TOWNS BY PARENTHESES
FIGURE VIII-119
INDEX NUMBER
Sevastopol'
Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy
Alexandrov
Zaporozh'ye
Shakhty
Aleksandrov
Polyarnyy, Polyarnoye
Arkhangersk
Archangel
Bel'tsy
Paldiski
Baranovichi
Baranowicze
Marks
Akkerman
Soroka
Balti, Byelcy
Tighina
Ordzhonikidzegrad,
Rykovo
Stalinogorsk
Bobruysk
Bobruisk
Noginsk
246
(237)
(67)
250
(258)
(67)
(2)
(124)
9
9
(122)
259
(190)
(255)
(59)
(189)
(232)
(26)
(156)
(156)
(194)
(215)
(178)
(237)
(12)
(44)
(232)
(235)
(75)
(147)
117
(152)
(152)
115
(77)
(185)
(99)
(42)
Brest Litovsk,
Brzege-nad-Bugiem 164
(146)
Brest (Brest Litovsk) 164
Bel'tsy
Chernovtsy
Belgorod-Dnestrovskly
Ivashchenkovo
Khar'koy
Cernauti, Czernovitz
Kherson
Kishinev
Danaburg, Dvinsk
Pushkin
Makeyevka
(232)
223
(237)
(131)
208
(55)
(45)
(214)
(172)
223
(241)
(233)
(128)
(207)
(96)
(35)
(253)
Kamenskoye (211)
Yekaterinoslav 210
Tartu
Drohobycz
Drogobych
Daugavpils
Rastyapino
Pokrovsk
Yevpatoriya
Viljandi
Kefe, Kaffa
Grodno
Krasnogvardeysk
Nizhniy Novgorod
Gardinas
Kirovsk
(30)
(229)
(229)
(96)
(61)
193
(23)
(244)
(29)
(248)
(161)
(36)
(148)
58
(202)
(225)
(60)
(161)
(140)
(48)
(5)
Izmall (236)
Ivanovo-Voznesensk (62)
Chapayevsk (131)
(53)
Ismail (236)
Yelgava, Mitau, Mitava (87)
(50)
Feodosiya (248)
Keksgorm (Kexholm) (22)
Tver 74
Konigsberg (263)
Petrozavodsk (20)
? (105)
? (73)
(221)
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy (200)
NAME
Kamenskoye
Kamyshin
Kandalaksha
Kasan
Kashira
Katharinen-
stadt
Kaunas
Kazan'
Kefe, Haifa
Keksgol'm
Kern'
Kerch'
Kexholm,
Kakisalmi
Khar'kov
Kherson
Khibinogorsk,
Hilpind
Kiev, Kiew
Kinel'
Kirov
Kirovograd
Kirovsk
Kishinev
Kiyev
Klaipecia
Kobrin
Kol'chugino
Kolomna
Kolomyya
Kolpino
Konigsberg
Konosha
Konotop
Kostroma
Kotanich
Kotlas
Kovno, Kauen,
Kowno
Kovel'
Kozlov
Kramatorsk
Krasnogvar-
deysk
Krasnyy
Liman
Kremenchug
Krivoy Rog
Kronshtadt
Kuibyshev,
Samara
Kulebaki
Kuolayarvi
Kupyansk
Kursk
Kuybyshev
Kuznetsk
Lemberg
Leningrad
Lepaya
Libau, Libava,
Lipaya
Lida
Liepaja
Liman
Lipetsk
Livny
luck
Lugs
Lugansk
Lutsk
L'voy
Lyskovo
Makar'yev
Makeyevka
Mariampole
Mariupol'
Marks
Melekess
Memel
Metallist
Mezen'
Michurinsk
Mikhaylovka
Millerovo
Minsk
Mogilev
Mogilev-Poda-
skly and
Ataki
Molodechno
Molotovsk
Monchegorsk
Morozovsk Morozovskiy
Moscow Moskva
Moskva Moscow
Mozhaysk
Mozyr'
Munkachevo Munkacs, Mukachevo
Murmansk
Murom
Narva
Nerekhta
Nezhin
Nikolayev Vernolentnsk,
Nikolaev 240
VIII-119; MINOR
FIGURE VIII-119
VARIANT NAME
INDEX NUMBER
Dneprodzerzhinsk (211)
(191)
Kantalahti, Kanderskaya (T)
Kazan' 127
(111)
Marks (194)
Kauen, Kovno, Kowno
Kasan
Feodosiya
Kerholm, Kakisalmi
Keksgol'm
Charkow
Cherson
Kirovsk
Klyev
Vyatka, Wiatka
Zinov'yevsk,
Yelizavet grad
Iiiipinti, Khibinogorsk
Chisinau
Kiev, Kiew
Klaypeda, Memel
Koomyla
Kaliningrad
Kaunas
Kowel
Michurinsk
Kramatorskaya
Gatchina
Liman
Kuybyshev
Salta
Kuibyshev, Samara
L'voy
St. Petersburg, Petrograd
Liepaja
IAepaja
Lepaya
Krasnyy Liman
Lutsk
Voroshilovgrad
luck
Lemberg, Lwow, Lvyv
Makar'yev
Lyskovo
Dmitrovsk-Stalinskty
(91)
127
(248)
(22)
(11)
(249)
(22)
208
(241)
(5)
171
(129)
52
(213)
(5)
(233)
171
260
(163)
(66)
113
(224)
(38)
(263)
(19)
(174)
63
(51)
(16)
(91)
(165)
(139)
203
(36)
(204)
(212)
(242)
(32)
130
(120)
(6)
(206)
177
130
(134)
227
37
90
90
(160)
90
(204)
141
(144)
(167)
(39)
201
(167)
227
(56)
(56)
(253)
(93)
(251)
Marxstadt, Markschtadt,
Baronsk, Katharinenstadt,
Yekaterinenshtadt (194)
? (126)
Klaipecia 260
Pavlov? (121)
? (8)
Kozlov (139)
(188)
? (199)
155
(151)
? (218)
(97)
10
(4)
(198)
107
107
(106)
(153)
(231)
3
(11)
(31)
(64)
(173)
Nikolayevsk
Nikopol'
Nizhniy
Novgorod
Noginsk
Novgorod
Novoannenskiy
Novocherkassk
Novograd-
Volynskiy
Novogrudok
Novopokrovka
Novouzensk
Nyandoma
Odessa
Orviopol'
Onega
Oranlyenbaum
Ordzhonikize-
grad
Orekhovo-
Zuyevo
Orel
Orsha
Ostashkov
Ostrogozhsk
Ozery
Paldiski
Panevays
Parnu
Pavlov()
Pavlovo-Posad
Pechory
Pechenga
Penevezhis,
Ponewesk
Penza
Pernau, Pyarnt
Pervomaysk
Pestovo
Peter got
Petersburg, St.
PetrodvOrets
Petrograd
Petrokrepost'
Petrovsk
Petrozavodsk
Petsamo
Petseri
Pinsk
Plesetsk
Pleskau
Pock
Podol'sk
Pokrovsk
Polotsk
Poltava
Polyarnyy
Ponewesk
Proskuroy
Pskov
Pugachev
Pushkin
Pyarnu
I Rastyapino
Reval
Rezekne
Rezhitsa
Riga
Rogachev
Romanovo-
Borisoglebsk
Rositten
Rossosh'
Rostov
Rostov-na-
Donu
Rovno
Rtishchevo
I Ryazan'
1 Rybinsk,
Ribinsk
Rykovo
Ryl'sk
Rzhev
St. Petersburg
Salta
Samara
Saransk
Saratov
Schaulen,
Shaulyay,
Shavli
Semenov
Sengiley
Serdobe
Sergiyev,
Sergtyevo
Elerpukhoy
Sestroretsk
Sevastopol'
Shakhty
Shavli
Shcherbakov
Shlisselburg
VARIANT
Pugachev
Gorki},
Bogorodsk
Svoboda
FIGURE VIII-119
INDEX NUMBER
NAME
VARIANT
FIGURE V111-119
INDEX NUMBER
Pervomaysk
Bezhitsa
Baltisch port
Penevezhis, Ponewesk
Pernau, Pyarnu
MetallIst
Pavlovskty Posad
Petseri
Petsamo
PrineveZys
Parnu
0I'viopor
Petrodvorets
Leningrad
Petergof
Leningrad
Shlisselburg
Kalininsk
Pechenga
Pechory
Plesetskaya
Pskov
Polotsk
Engel's
Pock
Polyarnoye,
Aleksandrovsk
PaneveZys
Pleskau
Nikolayevsk
Detskoye Selo,
T sarskoye Selo
Parnu
Dzerzhinsk
Tallinn
Rezhitsa, Rosttten
Rezekne
Tutayev
Rezekne
Rostov-on-Don
Rowne, Ryvne
Shcherbakov
Bezhitsa
Leningrad
Kuolayarvi
Kuybyshev
Siaulial
Sortavala
Zagorsk
Akhiar
Aleksandrovsk-
Grushevskiy
Stauliai
Rybinsk
Petrokrepost'
adskaya Oblast' large scale insert (From
(133)
(243)
58
115
(80)
(187)
(257)
(169)
(157)
(182)
(195)
(18)
238
(239)
(13)
(33)
(147)
(116)
145
(102)
(79)
(180)
(112)
(26)
(95)
(28)
(121)
(114)
(82)
(1)
(95)
136
(28)
(239)
(43)
(34)
37
(34)
37
(135)
(20)
(1)
(82)
(158)
(14)
(81)
(98)
(108)
193
(98)
(209)
(2)
(95)
(220)
(81)
(133)
(35)
(28)
(61)
27
(83)
(83)
86
(150)
(71)
(83)
(183)
(68)
256
(168)
(137)
(118)
46
(147)
(176)
(78)
37
(6)
130
(123)
192
(94)
(57)
(132)
(21)
(72)
(109)
(25)
246
(258)
(94)
46
Siauliai
Simbirsk
Simferopol'
Slavyansk
Slonim
Slutsk
Smolensk
Sokol
Soroka
Sortavala
Sovetsk
Stalingrad
Stalino
Stalinogorsk
Stanislav
Starokon-
stantinov
Stry
Sumy
Svoboda
Syktyvkar
Taganrog
Tallinn
Tambov
Tarnoyor
Tartu
Taurage
Ternopol'
Tighina
Tikhyln
Tilsit
Tiraspor
Tsarevo-
Kokshaysk
Tsarskoye
Selo Detskoye
Selo
Tsaritsyn
Tukums
Tula
Tutayev
Tver
Uglich
Ul'yanovsk
Uman'
Uryupinsk
UsV-Sysol'sk
Uzhgorod
Valga
Valka
Valuyki
Velikiye Luki
Velikiy Ustyug
Ventspils
Vernoleninsk
Vib6rg, Vitpuri
Viljandi
Vil'nyus
Vinnitsa
Vishniy
Volochek
Vitebsk
Vladimir
Vladimirovka
Vladimir-
Volynskiy
Volkhov
Volkovysk
Volodimir
Vologda
Voronezh
Voroshilovgrad
Vyaz'ma
Vyatka
Vyborg
Vyshniy
Volochek
Wiasma
Wilno
Windau, yenta
Wodzimierz
Wologda
Yalta
Yaroslavl'
Yefremov
Yekaterinen-
shtadt
Yekaterinostav
Yelets
Y elgava, Mitau,
Mitava
Yelizavetgrad
Yevpatoriya
Yevstratovskiy
Yoshkar-Ola
Yuriyev,
Dor pat
Yuzovka,
Yuzovo
Zagorsk
Zaporozh'ye
Zhitomtr
Zhlobin
Zinov'yevsk,
Yelizavet-
grad
Shavli, Schouten,
Shaulyay
Ul'yanovsk
Belomorsk
Serdobol'
Tilsit
Tsaritsyn
Yuzovka, Yuzovo
Bobriki
Stanislav, Stanislavyv,
Stanisawow 226
(219)
(941
(125)
245
(205)
(159)
(154)
103
(49)
(12)
(21)
(262)
197
252
117
Stryj
Novopokrovka
Usr-Sysol'sk
Reval
Ternopol'
Yuryev, Dor pat
Tauroggen
Tarnopol'
Bendery
Sovetsk
Yoshkar-Ola
Stalingrad
(2281
(1751
(182)
(15)
254
27
138
(222)
(30)
(261)
(222)
(235)
(40)
(262)
(234)
(54)
197
Pushkin 135)
?188)
110
Romanovo-Borisoglebsk (71)
74
(89)
(125)
(216)
(186)
(15)
(230)
(84)
(85)
(179)
(100)
(17)
(89)
240
24
(29)
92
(217)
(76)
Kalinin
Simbirsk
Uryupino
Syktyvkar
Venta, Windau
Nikolayev
Vyborg
Viryandi, Fellin
Vilna, Wilno, Vilnius
Vyshniy Volochek
Volodimir
Wodzimierz
Vladimir
Wologda
Lugansk
Wiasma
Kirov
Viborg, Viipuri
Vishniy Volochek
Vyaz'ma
Vil'nyus
Ventspils
Vladimir-Volynskiy
Vologda
Marks
Dnepropetrovsk
Jelgava
Kirovograd
Eupatoria
Tsarevokokshaysk,
Krasnokokshaysk
Tartu
Stalino
Sergiyev, Sergiyevo
Aleksandrovsk
Kirovograd
(1011
(65)
(196)
(166)
(41)
(162)
(65)
47
(181)
201
104
52
24
(76)
(104)
92
(89)
(166)
47
(247)
70
(142)
(194)
210
(143)
(87)
(213)
(244)
(184)
(5.4)
(30)
252
(72)
250
(170)
(149)
(213)
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
FIGURE VIII - 119
CITIES AND TOWNS EUROPEAN USSR
JANIS 40
34?
? Volkhoy (41)
66.
Tikhyin (40) ?
LENINGRADSISAYA
OBLAST'
za 30 40 50 60 70 Kilometers
. S. S. R.
TOWNS
n. D C.. on February 12, 1948.
40 Miles
34.
300 400 500 Kdorneters
300 Mans
ELY
0_
0_
"I TALLINN
5)
ZZ
N'ye re?
Belozersk (44)
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
Approved F
00200010008-1
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010008-1
1.-80001.000ZOOOVIVI?1?0-6/dati-VI3 : 171490/COOZ aseeieu JOd peACLICIdV
(
(92)
7 ???1
A
7
'111
,Vyshny Volochek (76) (69
ezekne,(83
?
'95)
(96) "
KALIN)N z4
e)
SHCHERBAKOV 4.5
Tutaye:14f
YAROSLAVL (71)
21/ fki,
of.at
Rostov (68)
n (73) e
?-
J
??? eoi
Aleksandrov (6 )
* Korchugt 0(66)
1111(72).. ?
115A_ (S) Vladimir (65)
(116) '?
(114)
Kyaz'rna (104)
erekhta (64)
IVANOVO (62)
SI ? emanoy (57)
Gorodets (60)
Balakhna (69),L,
vrAENSK (53)
LEGEND
0(108)
(109)
Murom (119)
GOR'KlY 5.1_3
DZERZH I N8K7
19s10000 (56)
=VIZ (121) (61)
?
Kulebaki (120)
Arzamas (122)
8"5?' 09)
Kaluga (105)
Ryazan' (118)
Saransk (123)
15,g)
Yefremov (142)
7L-3)
Michurinsk (139)i
Lipets
141 TAMBOV 1.11
Gryazi (140) Nald
6uznetsk.(134)
NC"
? ('''d V?1Ynsk0 (169)
I Zh't?Mir (170) .
?
tabbn
220)
(219)
*KURSK 177
FIEL;Vj.."7-.1-12,i I
.11. )
Siumy (175)
\_.......Nezh,n ::,731.:A.K.onotop (174) ?N?'''"
44?111 I
4c.
..Svoboda,:k(i182)
Area Boi.-clary
International and B&B Boundaries
Oblast' Boundary
A.S.S.R Boundary
Capital of J.S.S. R. MOSCOW*
Major Capital 4>41
Oblast' or A.S.S.R. Capital ? 0 ()
Cities and Towns:
Over 1.000.000 LENINGRAD
l0o.0oo,0 1.000.000 KAUNAS..
50.000 to I00.000 Bezhitsa
Under 50.000 Millerovo ?
Farthest line of German Penetration
Index Numbers:
Major City or Town OREL lit
Minor TO Bryansk (146)
Railroad Center
fit
Road Center
gift
Sea Port
River Por/
Major Air Poet thOr
Mining Ce-ter
Major Industries
Minor Industries
Chemical industry
Agricultural Center
VORONEZH (181)
Belgorod (175)
Rossosh
:odoi'skiy
P"4?I.'ior (2
Urrlan (215)
KIROVOGRAD (213) ? ar.nyy Liman (204) , miller.? (199)
8Iavyansk (205) 0
evo 411) DNEPRODZERZHINSK e
ei
m::?.
LDNEPROPETROVSK
SI! i \-1..r 0 Krama or- L:7?
.....y (233
,
NEV (233) N.' K.:TVOY ROG :Oil,
Twaspol' (23 GORLO-V(K2?A3111)
0 (202)... 11301,1,,LOVIRM,(14;8)
4r.
alII . I MAKEYEVKA j