'BOOK REVIEWS OF JOHN BARRON'S KGB: THE SECRET WORK OF SOVIET AGENTS BY HUGH TREVOR-ROPER IN 'THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW: OF 21 APRIL, ERNEST W. LEFEVER IN 'THE WASHINTON STAR-NEWS' OF 24 FEBRUARY AND STEPHEN S. MOSENTELD IN ' THE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 5, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 13, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

25X1C10b
Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
KGB
The Secret Work of Soviet
Secret Agents.
By John Barron.
Illustrated. 462 pp. New York:
Readers Digest Press. $10.95.
CPYRGHT
seems as terrible as under
Stalin, that is largely because
it has so grown into Soviet j
society that it can afford to
dispense with "the wasteful
mass murder of former times."
Its new sophistication is a sign
of new strength.
How the K.G.B. functions,
Clp)ffk4GWEV0R-R0PER Hugh Trevor-Roper, the Brit-
ish historian, has written ex-
What is the asic s reng
of Soviet Communism, the pow- how it uses its unchallenged,
er which animates and sustains arbitrary power, is the subject
that huge fabric? It -is not what of Mr. Barron's book. He has
we once thought it to be. The produced a remarkable work of
original appeal of Communism synthesis. In spite of a some-
was material, moral and ideo- what diffuse and journalistic
logical. It claimed to improve style and a love of dramatic
the welfare of the workers, reconstruction (always suspect
to restore their self-respect,
and to do so in tune with his-
torical necessity. In fact, 50
years after the Revolution, real
wages had hardly regained the
level of 1913; rural serfdom,
abolished by the Czars, has
been reimposed; and the ideolo-
gy convinces no one. What the
Bolsheviks have created is a
new system of power: power
that has no basis in society, no
reference to consent, no moral
justification. We used to think
that Lenin gave to Marxism a
temporary political form; now
we recognize that he used
Marxism as the temporary ideo-
logical justification of a new
structure of naked political
power.
The essential motor of that
structure is now the Secret
Police. Lenin's Cheka, Brezh-
nev's K.G.B., is the effective
sovereign in the Russian state.
It is stronger than the party,
it controls the organs of state.
It is above the law. Account-
able to no one, it can destroy
anyone. Even Stalin only ruled
by dividing it and murdering its
successive heads, Yagoda and
Yezhov. His successors similar-
to the professional scholar) the
book. inspires confidence. It is
based on evidence supplied by
several non-Communist security
services and "all post-war
K.G.B. defectors except two."
It is authenticated by Mr.
Robert Conquest, one of the
greatest authorities on Russian
affairs. I have no doubt that it
is as accurate a general study
of the K.G.B.'s secret activities
as we are likely to get. It is
also the work of a highly in-
telligent man who can analyze
and explain as well as gather
and narrate.
Many of Mr. Barron's chap-
ters describe individual espion-
age operations ? carried out by
the K.G.B. abroad, as related
by its defectors. We can read
of the subversive activities of
Vladimir Sakharov in the Mid-
dle East, the penetration of the
secrets of N.A.T.O. by means of
the American traitor Robert Lee
Johnson, the'+ quest of Ameri-
can secrets through the Finn-
ish-American Kaarlo Tuomi,
the successful extension of di-
rect Soviet power over Cas-
tro's Cuba, the unsuccessful ef-
forts to, subvert governments in
power politics, and as such has
a certain conventional legiti-
macy. No doubt similar stories
could be told of the C.I.A.
What makes the K.G.B. so
sinister is not the huge resourc-
es which it invests in these
foreign adventures. Rather, it
is its even greater investment
in repression at home. Foreign-
ers observe, and resent, the
K.G.B.'s palpable interference
in their affairs, the grotesque
ve i
sies and delegations abroad.
But, as Mr. Conquest points
out in his Introduction, "the
major part of the K.G.B,'s ef-
fort, the greater number of its
employes, are used in the mas-
sive and continuous work
against its own populations."
Moreover, it is there, naturally
enough, that it-is most success-
ful. Abroad, its failures have
been more conspicuous than its
successes. It has failed in Mexi-
co, in Egypt, throughout Black
Africa. Its agents desert in a
continuous stream, and are ex-
pelled in periodic shoals. But
at home it is irresistible. With
70,000 full-time censors it
stamps on literature. Even bus
tickets must be passed by the
censor. With an army of in-
formers, it inhibits conversa-
tion. By means of internal pass-
ports it controls movement. It
has turned the Russian Ortho-
dox Church hierarchy into its
agents to pervert religion. With
concentration camps and "psy-
chiatric institutes" it stifles
thought. No government in his-
tory has used so monstrous an
engine of repression against its
own people: and no people in
the world has tolerated such a
tyranny..
How is it done? By what
mechanism does "a tiny
oligarchy," whose leadership is
at the mercy of internal gang
warfare, so cow a whole
people? This is the most im-
portant political question raised
by the existence of the K.G.B.
Mr. Barron is well aware of it,
is not a productive social class
-bourgeoisie, workers, peas-
ants--But a New Class" of
bureaucrats and party workers
which, having once installed it-
-self in power, exercises abso-
lute control over rewards and
punishments. In no country
does such a class rise naturally:
in Russia it' was created by
revolution, in Eastern Europe
it was imposed by conquest.
But once in power, by bureau-
cratic centralism, the abolition
of legal guarantees, and un-
qualified "reason of state," it
can perpetuate Itself against all
comers. With time, and in a
rigorously controlled society,
the rewards and punishments
themselves can be reduced:
bribery becomes trivial, black-
mail is expressed in mere hints.
But whether the syst;m is op-
erated crudely, as under Stalin,
or more, subtly, as -now, the
background of terror is essen-
tial. Without terror, the system
could not be installed; without
the long shadow of terror, it
could not be continued. For
this reason, our hope must be
that progressive sophistication
will wear out the practice of
terror and destroy the cohesion
of the New Class. The heroes
of this book are the defectors
who have begun that process:
the men who, in the end, could
not endure "the daily squalor"
of a system by which they
have profited but which has
ultimately repelled them be-
cause it has no moral base.R
ly murdered Beria. Khrushchev Mexico and Africa, the arrest
tried, but failed, to escape from in Russia of Professor
dependence on it. He abolished Barghoorn, the attempts to
its Special Bureau for Assas- compromise, and so afterward
sination, but had to revive it to use, a British member of
three months later, and ended Parliament and a French am-
bv setting up a public statue of bassador. These are readable
zhinsky. Now the K.G.B. is added to them. However, it is Mr. Barron agrees with the
stronger than ever, and three not these that make the K.G.B. Yugoslav philosopher Milovan
of its members sit openly 'in unique. All great powers go in Djilas that the essential basis of
the Politburo. If it no longer for espionage. it is part of power in Communist countries
Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
and touches on it, if too lightly,
It deserves to be brought out
and emphasized: for it is the
central mystery of totalitarian
 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
The KGB Realities Behind
KGB: The Secret Work John Secret en ' ~ rabies
Soviet Agents. By JhBar-
ron. Reader's Digest Press,
1974. $10.95.
'OF
mast W. Lefever
reaches out for American wheat
and trade concessions. With the
other it exiles Alexander Solzhe-
nitsyn for telling the truth about
Soviet repression. In one ges-
ture it sends its artists and per-
formers to the United States. In
another it threatens to strip Val-
ery Panov, former star of Lenin-
grad's Kirov Ballet, of his citi-
zenship because he wanted to
migrate to Israel.
IT MAY STILL be fashionable
in some circles to overlook or
downplay unpleasant realities
that do not fit the illusion of de-
tente. But after a great Soviet
writer has been declared a non-
person and with almost daily
reports of repression against oth-
er Soviet nonconformists, it is
increasingly difficult to turn a
blind eye to the moral and political
schizophrenia of the Soviet re-
gime.
Or perhaps it is not the Soviets
who are afflicted with a split-lev-
el ethics, but we who are con-
fused by split-level perception.
Many of us want to believe that
the era depicted in Solzhenitsyn's
"The Gulag Archipelago" is in
the distant past and that the post-
Stalin leaders have moved to-
ward a new and less repressive
political order. We want to think
of the Soviet Union as an ordinary
state operating by ordinary rules.
When the rules are dramatically
broken we are shocked and disap-
pointed.
What kind of a political system
does Moscow have today? Is it
significantly different from that
of the Stalin era? Important light
is thrown on this question by
John Barron's impressive book
on the KGB - the massive clan-
destine agency created by Lenin
to be the "sword and shield" of
the Communist party, the instru-
ment of the Politburo to enforce
its will and confound its oppo-
nents. The KGB is the current
manifestation of the state securi-
ty apparatus originally estab-
lished in 1917 as Cheka. Today,
says Barron, "the KGB has the
same relationship to the Politbu-
ro under Brezhnev that the
h bad 1 r Council of
C eka with the ounc o
SOLZHENITSYN, Panov, and THE KGB CONTROLS job and
force of the KGB and its prede-
camp system portrayed in -rn
e
Gulag Archipelago" and the
present system of exile are their
handiwork. At least 20 million
Soviet citizens have died in the
ruthless pogroms of the secret
police. But silencing or neutraliz-
ing troublemakers is only a small
part of the KGB's far-flung as-
signments.
As an instrument of totalitarian
control, the KGB has no peer,
past or present. If the Soviet
Communist Party is a state with-
in a state, the KGB is in fact the
"sword and shield" of the party.
It penetrates every nook and
cranny of Soviet life to control
the words, actions, tastes, loyal-
ties, and even thoughts of Soviet
citizens.
As the obedient agent of the
housing permits, internal and
..a,......,1 ?...,,,-1 .,A .11 Fnw~r.a of
police activity. Former KGB
chairman Shelepin runs the Sovi-
ef Made W11011 ULgZtL=LiU11. "IC
KGB monitors industry and the
economy to detect and bring to
justice perpertrators of crimes
such as "incorrect planning,"
unauthorized private enterprise,
and blackmarketeering.
It keeps watch on education
from kindergarten through the
universities and on all academic
and research institutes. In 1970
the KGB launched a large new
division, the Fifth Chief Directo-
rate, "to annihilate intellectual
dissent, stop the upsurge in reli-
gious faith, suppress nationalism
among ethnic minorities, and si-
lence the Chronicle of Currency
Events, an underground journal.
The following year it estab-
lished a special Jewish Depart-
ment to intensify infiltration into
Jewish circles to curtail emigra-
tion of educated Jews and to si-
lence protest. The KGB oversees
70,000 full-time censors who con-
trol the printed word. It works
through the criminal justice sys-
tem and operates special KGB
"mental hospitals" where promi-
nent citizens who do not conform
to "official doctrine" are taken
for forcible treatment, including
the use of brain-washing drugs.
All foreigners in the U.S.S.R.,
including tourists, are placed
under the surveillance of the
KGB. In 1963, an American visi-
tor, Prof. Frederick C. Bar-
ghoorn, who was on open aca-
demic business in Moscow, was
drugged, falsely accused of espi-
onage, arrested, and held hos-
tage by the KGB for the release
of a real Soviet spy, KGB agent
Igor Ivanov, who was caught red
handed by the FBI in New York.
Prof. Barghoorn was released
only after the public intervention
of President Kennedy.
The long tentacles of the KGB
reach out in support of Soviet
objectives around the world. The
clandestine service penetrates
and uses the Foreign Ministry
and all other official Soviet agen-
cies overseas. KGB agents ac-
company all Soviet scientific and
cultural groups abroad. As a
rule, the KGB's harshest and
-
ge
n
ormer
rom
e c
in Kiev to the U.S. ambassador's most brutal coercion is directed
People's c:'oin'A0 POuNd '0`68%r- Re NO@,499/G0-2 at(MeRDP7 t u ~~ - l~t~ s~
in. and abroad that may run into the
millions.
party, the KGB operates a Bor-
der Guard, an elite military force
of 300,000 equipped with tanks,
artillery, and armed ships. In
1965 KGB patrols captured more
than 2,000 Soviet citizens at-
tempting to escape. The KGB
oversees the entire military es-
tablishment and has agents and
informers assigned to the Minis-
try of Defense and in every mili-
tary headquarters and unit down
to the company level. "The
slightest evidence of ideological
deviation among the military can
provoke swift KGB retribution."
It was only in the late 1960s when
"the military finally persuaded
the leadership that it would be
impractical to use atomic weap-
ons in a future internal struggle"
that the KGB relinguished custo-
dy of nuclear warheads.
Through its complex of directo-
rates, the KGB penetrates the
entire state bureaucracy, start-
ing with the Politburo. "The KGB
today probably has more officers
and alumni in positions of power
than at any other time in Soviet
history."
Of the 17 Politburo members in
1973, three have spent "signifi-
cant portions of their careers in
the apparatus." While the full-
time staff of the KGB may be as
small as 100,000, its influence is
vastly expanded by a network of
s
oncier
i
f
f
th
-8
CPYRGHT
 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
KGB
The Secret Worle of Soviet
Secret Agents.
By John Barron.
Illustrated. 462 pp. New York:
Readers Digest Press. $10.95.
REVOR-ROPER
Whe* is ti e of Soviet Communism, theme pew--
er which animates and sustains
that huge fabric? it is not what
we once thought it to be. The
original appeal of Communise
was material, moral and ideo-
logical. It claimed to improve
the welfare of the workers,
to restore their self-respect,
and to do so in tune with his-
torical necessity. In fact, 50
ears after the Revolution, real
ages had hardly regained the
evel of 1913; rural serfdom,
bolished by the Czars, has
een reimposed; and the ideolo-
y convinces no one. What the
olsheviks have created is a
ew system of power: power
hat has no basis in society, no
eference to consent, no moral
ustification. We used to think
hat Lenin gave to Marxism a
emporary political form; now
e recognize that he used
arxism as the temporary ideo-
ogical justification of a new
tructure of naked political
ower.
The essential motor of that
tructure is now the Secret
lice. Lenin's Cheka, Brezh-
ev's K.G.B., is the effective
overeign in the Russian state.
is stronger than the party,
controls the organs of state.
is above the law. Account-
ble to no one, it can destroy
nyone. Even Stalin only ruled
y dividing it and murdering its
successive heads, Yagoda and
ezhov. His successors similar-
I murdered Beria. Khrushchev
t led, but failed, to escape from
pendence on it. He abolished
i s Special Bureau for Assas-
s nation, but had to revive it
t ree months later, and ended
setting up a public statue of
i s founder, the terrible Dzer-
z insky. Now the K.G.B. is
s ronger than ever, and three
o its members sit openly in
t e Politburo. If it no longer
CPYRGHT
ems as terrible as under
talin, that is largely because
i has so grown into Soviet I
s ciety that it can afford to
spense with "the wasteful
ass murder of former times."
I s new sophiislioation is a sign
new strength.
How the K.G.B. functions,
power politics, and as such has
a certain conventional legiti-
macy. _ No doubt similar stories
could be told of the C.I.A.
What makes the K.G.B. so
sinister is not the huge resourc-
es which it invests in these
foreign adventures. Rather, it
is its even greater investment
in repression at hoarse. Foreign-
Hugh Trevor-Roper, the Brit- ers observe, and resent, the
K.G.B.s palpable interference
i h historian, has written ex- in their
y European a airs. over-staffing of Russian embas-
h w it uses its unchallenged, sies and delegations abroad.
a itrary power, is the subject But, as Mr. Conquest points
of <
produced a remarkable work of major part of the K.G.B.'s ef-
synthesis. In spite of a some- fort, the greater number of its
what diffuse and journalistic employes, are used in the mas-
style and a love of dramatic live and continuous work
reconstruction (always suspect against its own populations."
to the professional scholar) the Moreover, it is there, naturally
book. inspires confidence. It is enough, that it-is most success-
based on evidence supplied by ful. Abroad, its failures have
several non-Communist security been more conspicuous than its
services and "all post-war successes. It has failed in Mexi-
K.G.B. defectors except two." co, in Egypt, throughout Black
It is authenticated by Mr. Africa. Its agents desert in a
Robert Conquest, one of the continuous stream, and are ex-
greatest authorities on Russian pelled in periodic shoals. But
affairs. I have no doubt that it at home it is irresistible. With
is as accurate a general study 70,000 full-time censors it
of the K.G.B.'s secret activities stamps on literature. Even bus
as we are likely to get. It is tickets must be passed by the
also the work of a highly in- censor. With an army of in-
telligent man who can analyze formers, it inhibits conversa-
and explain as well as gather tion. By means of internal pass-
and narrate. ports it controls movement. It
Many of Mr. Barron's chap- has turned the Russian Ortho-
ters describe individual espion- dox Church hierarchy into its
age operations -carried out by agents to pervert religion. With
the K.G.B. abroad, as related concentration camps and "psy-
by its defectors. We can read chiatric institutes" it stifles
of the subversive activities of thought. No government in his-
Vladimir Sakharov in the Mid- tory has used so monstrous an
dle East, the penetration of the engine of repression against its
secrets of N.A.T.O. by means of own people: and no people in
the American traitor Robert Lee the world has tolerated such a
Johnson, the quest of Ameri- tyranny..
can secrets through the Finn- How is it done? By what
ish-American Kaarlo Tuomi, mechanism does "a tiny
h
f
i
f d
t
e success
ul extens
on o
i-
rect Soviet power over Cas-
tro's Cuba, the unsuccessful ef-
forts to subvert governments in
Mexico and Africa, the arrest
in - Russia of Professor
Barghoorn, the attempts to
compromise, and so afterward
to use, a British member of
Parliament and a French am-
bassador. These are readable
spy stories, and others could be
added to them. However, it is
not these that make the K.G.B.
unique. All great powers go in
for espionage. It is part of
oligarchy," whose leadership is
at the mercy of internal gang
warfare, so cow a whole
people? This is the most im-
by the existence of the K.G.B.
Mr. Barron is well aware of it,
and touches on it, if too lightly,
It deserves to be brought out
and emphasized: for it is the
central mystery of totalitarian
power.
Mr. Barron agrees with the
Yugoslav Philosopher Milovan
Djilas that the essential basis of
power in Communist countries
is not a productive social class
-bourgeoisie, workers, peas-
ants--But a "New Class" of
bureaucrats and party workers
which, having once installed it-
self in power, a ercises abso-
lute control ove rewards and
punishments. In no country
does such a class rise naturally:
in Russia it' was created by
revolution, in Eastern Europe
it was -imposed by conquest.
cratic centralism, the abolition
of legal guarantees, and un-
qualified "reason, of state," it
against-an
comers. With time, and in a
rigorously controlled society,
the rewards and punishments
themselves can be reduced:
bribery becomes trivial, black-
mail is expressed in mere hints.
But whether the yst 2m is op-
erated crudely, as under Stalin,
or more subtly, as now, the
background of to ror is essen-
tial. Without terro , the system
could not be insl Iled; without
the long shadow of terror, it
could not be coi
this reason, our h
that progressive
will wear out the
terror and destroy
of the New Class.
of this book are
who have begun
the men who, in t
not endure "the d
of a system by
have profited but
ultimately repelled
tinued. For
pe must be
ophistication
practice of
the cohesion
The heroes
hat process:
e end, could
ily squalor"
which they
which has
them be-
pprove or a ease
 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
CPYRGHT
An Absorbing Report on Russias KGB
Y py1f9O 119oscow cor-
spent time in and on Russia
fancies he knows quite a bit
personally about the KGB,
which is, in its foreign as-
pect, the Soviet CIA; at
tome it's the political po-
lice. I recall: the wires ;n
ur Moscow apartment wall
hat the flustered workmen
ailed to plaster over h*'fore
e came in; the colleague
lipped a drug and then un-
ressed and photographed, in.
ompany; the "disinforma-
ion" letter written about
e to my editor by the
'diplomat" who's now the
oviet"consul in San Fran-
isco; the luncheon invit.a-
ion from a "journalist"
ere asking how Premier
asygin might be received
n American TV, on which
osygin later did appear.
But this sort of thing,
asty or normal as it might
e, is trivia along side John
arron's calm-voiced, de-
lled, absorbing and-I'm
repared to believe--au-
entic report on selected
reign operations mounted
y the KGB in the '50s and
Os and on up to the pres-
t day.
From former Soviet
agents who defected and
f om American and foreign
i telligence sources, Barron,
Reader's Digest. senior edi-
t r, has produced an ac-
c unt which goes well he-
y nd being a catalog of
1 GB dirty tricks and he-
comes a sobering challcn0e
t what the Soviet Union
p ofesses to mean by
" etente." This is what, at
t is time of second-thoughts
about Soviet-American rela-
y ns, gives "KGB" unusal
t picality.
One can understand, for
i stance, why the KGP,
t inking in the mid-'50s)
entrap him even without his
knowing that he had been
caught by the KGf, and to
. But at this point, a
KGB man defected in Paris
?,wa:t-~erissrt~
by De Gaulle In one sentence:
Eh Bien, J>ejertn, on couche.
Similarly, one can under-
stand why the KGB would
have gone to equally strenu.
nus len?ths to recruit a
flabby dis *runl.)c`d Army
NCO and, when he became a
guard at the super-secret
Orly Airport courier center
In 1962 to arrange for him to
spit?it out documents for
months. His wife later flip-
ped out and raved to the
FBI. On July 30, 1965. Bob.
ert Lee Johnson and a con-
federath were each sett.
tenced to 25 years' imprison-
menf in Federal Court, .A1-
exandria. Trip: son, visitinrt
him at Lcwishurr_* in 197`,
murdered him with a knife
And--one more--there
was a cer?tari 1 logic to the
K(313's plnntin~; ; 116111can
borri Kaarir) '!'nomi, whose
family hod reiurned to Fivs-
sia when he was 16, back in
the United Slates in 1958 as
a secret agent.. (A mentor
,
riding up the elevator one
day in the building housing
the apartment in which
Tuomi was learning to act
like an American, found
himself standing next to
Eleanor Roosevelt, who was
being shown a "typical" So.
viet flat!) Arriving in New
York, Tuorni had harely sent.
his first coded postcard to
the Soviet United Nations
mission when, somehow, the
FBI picked him up. After a
while he went to work for
the FBI, giving up his fam-
ily back in Russia.
Subversion, however, is
something else:
The KGB, according to a
favored son of. the New
Class who got fed up and
carne over to the CIA, had
honeycombed Egypt with
agents, one being a classic
nium at the Kremlin," Bar-
ron says.
In March- 1971, Mexican
officials unenvered an aston?
ishing
through the Soviet Embassy.
trot really address. Nor does
he ask what real difference
KGB operations make in a
giver[ context, apart from
preoceunvin- th- .,.w ...-
in 1914 the KGB sent here
(through the Czech pouch)
thousands of copies of a
pamphlet depicting Barry
Goldwater as a racist.
S11ppos0 Henry Kissinger
said, quietly, to the Soviet
ambassador, "Anatoly,
enough. It would be a legit-
imate test of Soviet inten-
tions and a fascinating exer-
cise in Soviet\tnvrican dv-
namics. Naturally, the reci-
procity principle would have
to be appiied.
"another Vietnam." Through
an offer of -a scholarship to
KGB-run Patrice Lumumba
University in Moscow, an
angry Mexican had been re-
cruited who became the
chief agent. At KGB bid-
ding, he led a group of tin-
witting Mexicryans through
Russia to North Korea for
guerrilla training-to dis-
guise the Russian hand, A
'1tr'xico City bank was rob-
bed, elaborate subversion
and propaganda plans pre-
pared. But the police found
out. Five Soviet diplomats
were expelled.
In September, 1971 (a had
year for the KGB,
evidently), a sorely pro-
voked British government
expelled at one stroke no
less than 105 intelligence of-
ficers from tile incredibi
overmanned Soviet mission
The simultaneous defection
to the British of a KGB offi-
cer in the sabotage and as
sassination branch induced
the Soviet Politburo to re-
call nther "Department V.
men around the world.
The KGB seems to have,
along with its core of brutal-
ity, a compulsion to distrust
as thick as the walls of its
Moscow headquarters on
Dzerzhinsky Square; its new
building for foreign opera-
tions, by the way, sits hid-
den off the Moscow h0ltway,
like the CIA, and is of a oc-
sign uncannily like CIA's.
To the KGB, good relations
with a particular country, or
detente, is not a signal to re-
lax but an op,)ortunity to ox.
ploit foreigners' relaxation
and to use the expanded
channels of trade, culture
and the like to burrow
deeper.
Whether this tendency
flows from a political deci-
sion by the whole Kremlin
,
t at. Ambassador Maurice' case of "a little man" or whether the KGB has the
I 'jean rlu !it use his frieni (recruited early) who be- power to demand a longer
slip with D Gaulle to influ- came "a big man," presiden- leash for foreign operations
t,, r e hire ciu;uld h ~,r, tial adviser Sami Sharaf. as its price for
e KG
zi
B
agents i
1ll
197
n
ay
1, crushing
t" et f)riea i t. , r
. e, 5ien ?vec~~fd ief~aserol,99+9/09/m4"sqi Jr 04194A000100700001-8
r-at,ng ' ahcnhdP na-rt~,,,
 CPYRGHT Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8
Barron, have a kind of respect
for Americans and Northern
Europeans, a respect not accord-
ed Asians, Arabs, Latins, or
Southern Europeans, though this
did not prevent the abuse of Prof.
Barghoorn or shooting with nitro-
gen mustard gas a German tech-
nician in Moscow who had just
cleared his embassy of KGB mi-
crophones.
WHILE THERE ARE superfi-
cial resemblances between the
operations of the KGB abroad
and those of the clandestine serv-
ices of Western governments,
there is one profound difference.
The KGB is in the service of a
totalitarian regime ideologically
committed to the neutralization
or destruction of non-communist
governments. Soviet objectives
are different from Western objec-
tives, and the KGB often oper-
ates by different means. In dra-
matic detail, Barron relates sev-
eral KGB operations, some suc-
cesses and some failures.
"Officers of the KGB and its
military subsidiary, the GRU
(Chief Intelligence Directorate of
the Soviet General Staff), ordi-
narily occupy a majority of em-
bassy posts," as much as 80 per-
cent in some Third World coun-
s
FBI
h
th
I
e
inngwu,
e
t ies.
n rras
- assistance to these groups is lac-
timates that over 50 percent of quently assigned to the Glandes- sent, the book makes a singular (or immoral) fo
trib ti to d stan di Ch Soviet sYstem h
con
on
n er n
e
s not changed.
tention and po-
are still there
on means that
1 is becoming
tin, all to the
,
g
u
u
tine services of Cuba, Czechoslo-
Soviet representatives, including limits of cooperation between the The spiritual pre
trade officials and Tass torte- vakia, East Germany, Poland, two superpowers. It lends valua- litical arrogance
and Hungary. At the KGB's beaddit on,,many agents use the hest, the Cubans have trained ble be rspec ive tcontradictiono appsars If th is recognst
spondents work for the KG. In U.N. headquarters and Mexico both Palestinian and Irish terror- the Soviet system. respectable ag
C_ t th fists. KGB operatives are also ac- ood
es a
a
a
ri
C
g
t
ons
1ty r opera
tive in encouraging, supporting, The root problem is not the 1 g
United States. For several years and organizing "peace demon- KGB, but the totalitarian charac- Nevertheless, the Soviet Union
Secretary General Ti Thant had a strations," riots, and other dis- ter of the Soviet regime. And the i is a superpower, and the United
personal assistant, Viktor Les- turbances to discredit regimes evil in totalitarianism is its States should co tmue to induce
siovsky, a KGB agent. Probably whose character or policies Mos- arrogance, its insistence that the it to adopt those disciplines that
half of the 207 Soviet citizens cow opposes. party has the whole truth in all will make nuclear war less likely
employed by the U. N. Secretari- ONE OF THE LESSER known spheres of man's existence, the without making nuclear black-
at, are KGB agents, and at least KGB activities is the "disinfor- answer to all problems. Unlike mail more attractive.
one was assigned to the division
responsible for assassination and mation" program designed to Western political leaders, the It is precisely cause the Sovi-
et Union is a army that we
sabotage, described in Chapter 13 discredit individuals, institutions, men in the Kremlin are not con- Americans sho d seek intellec-
of the book. and governments by disseminat- strained by a transcendent ethic, tual and collar dialogue with
In 1971 there were 108 official ing forgeries, literary hoaxes, a code beyond the party and inde- Soviet citizens. "Our society,"
Americans in Moscow and 189 and false information and by pendent of it. The party is not says Barron, "can survive the
commiting acts such as murder only the state, but God. Soviet
activities
clan
Soviet citizens with
the KG immunity in Washington. a In for psychological-political ef- leaders invoke terms like "the but d their tine society Gann t ultimate
inforThe m ti nratiwon operations ca master rule of vote d do "human ly withstand t e free flow of
Moscow the total number of ac- di
s
Vi
t
c
or
communist countries was 809, as
d , -7go reading. "Twice Louis has been and confuse adherents to West- Dr. Lefever, a
..:.Tries h
a
accredited diplomats in the same Vi ~ i ce_~ _s_ _-_ident. Humphrey A revealing, top-se- ce Prephrey on It is this spiritual arrogance
KGB textbook obtained by Oct. 17, 1966, and by Presidential that crushes the human spirit and
cret
The Pray Adviser Henry A. Kissinger on aspirations of the people who live
Western intelligence, xt c- Nov. 13,1971." in a totalitarian state. This is
lice the eU.S.A. and tie Third Americans ries, The book is filled with de- why the KGB seeks to create
is reproduced almost in its entire- monstrably true stories that will spiritual isolation among Soviet
Iv in the book's appendix. fascinate the spy enthusiast. But citizens by making every person
precisely because it is interesting afraid of his neighbor or member
many of them have been caught may be tempted to dismiss KGB Morozov, a 14-y ar-old boy who
and expelled. In September, 1971 as a romanticized thriller. That tih'nouiiced his father in 1932 for
the British government publicly would be a mistake. John Barron giving refuge to eeing peasants,
expelled 105 KGB and GRU offi- has produced a harmonious blend was made a Hero of the Soviet
cers, but only after Moscow had of journalism and scholarship to Union. The father was summarily
"contemptuously ignored" Lon- the credit of both professions. shot and enraged peasants
don'squietrequest to desist from lynched the boy. In 1965 a statue
a campaign to "suborn politi- THIS IS A SERIOUS book on a of Palvik was er cted in his hon-
cians, scientists, businessmen, serious subject and it is abun- or. The house where he betrayed
and civil servants." "Between dantly documented. For four his father is a Communist shrine,
1970 and July 1973, 20 nations years it has been painstakingly and today he is held up as an ide-
found it necessary to expel a total researched. Most of the facts I al for every worthy citizen to
of 164 Soviet officials because of came from former KGB agents, emulate.
their illegal, clandestine ac but in virtually all instances in-'
tions." A list of sonic 1,400 "Sovi - formation was corroborated by BARRON INS STS there can
et Citizens Engaged in Clandes. - independent sources cited in the be no full "detente until there is
tine Operations" is carried in the chapter notes. "We believe we an end to this massive KGB
book's appendix. It includes only have interviewed or had access aggression" against the Soviet
names "postively identified by to reports from all postwar KGB people and against persons, in_cti:
Union followed a policy of sup- data. depredations," h
ppressions and
says, must be
groups abroad which its agents support from the Reader's Di- adds, should refuse to accept
trolled. Today the KGB trains ? tor, -' g _the- -o monito ri ng- of diplomats and sh
including
and materially nsupports man
any publications in 13 languages by ly expel the legi
more terrorist organizations, in- various Digest offices abroad. cers entrenched
n foreign capi-
black and white regimes in Afri-
ca, several in Latin America, the pages of appended material g
make a significant contribution some of the brutality of the Stalin
Quebec Liberation Front in Cana- to literature on the Soviet Union. era has passed. In those days
da, Palestine groups, and terror- From beginning to end, the book Solzhenitsyn would not simply
fists in Northern Ireland. rings true. have been stripped of his citizen-
Many terrorist leaders are Coming at this time of intensi- ship and expelled He would have
trained in the Soviet Union, but fled KGB efforts to suppress dis- been shot, But ~e basic moral
Studies at the
Brookings Insti Lion, has writ-
ten "Ethics and U.S. Foreign
Policy, " "Spec and Scepter, "
and other books. This review also
draws upon an interview with the
B operatives abroad have
made their shaAl1pVOV qb ru XV "I J9s/ %uLop PHh ftbOvILIS 1`bK6614
~0700001-8