WEEKLY SURVEYOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000700040038-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 19, 2004
• Sequence Number: 38
• Publication Date: August 25, 1975
• Content Type: IR

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Top Secret U~
0 S1~-rs(,)s 3~/ys
Weekly Surveyor
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Top Secret
1.2 3
TSWS-34/75 25X
25 August 1975
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WEEKLY SURVEYOR
USSR AND EASTERN EUROPE
The Soviets plan for the breeder reactor
at Shevchcnkc to be fully operational by
late August or September using five of its
six. coolant loops; the last coolant loop to
fail will not be ready until after Septem-
ber. Although the reactor will be capable
of generating full power, the Soviets plan
to bring it to this level in a slow and
cautious manner.
Soviet .nowledge of mo?,;ern animal
nutrition is inadequate for its livestock
expansion program. The Sovie s are look-
ing t the information they
need.
25X1 Soviet capability to study and exploit
crop/weather stress has been enhanced by
the acquisition of 180 US-made plant
growth chambers. In the near term, this
capability is directed toward development
of drought and cold resistant crops, par-
ticuk!rly the grains. A second longer term
goal may be to provide a scientific basis
25X1 for mitigaiing the effects on crops of
major climate changes.
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A Soviet medical journal recently repor-
ted on changes in blood electrolyte levels
observed in submarine crew members.
These changes are best explained by hy-
pothesizing a combination of stresses such
as inadequate ventilation and air condi-
tion, the presence of noxious atmospheric
25X1 microcontaminants. concommitant with
increased physical and psychological
stress.
The Soviet military dolphin research
should benefit from the research conduc-
ted at the Batumi oceanarium in the care
and maintenance of dolphins. The be-
havioral training research at Batumi, how-
ever, probably will not produce any sig-
nificant advances.
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on submersibles.
SOUTHEAST ASIA
The Soviets have purchased six trans-
chole
mitters and si;? flashers designed for use Asia.
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Cholera has now spread from Cambodia to
Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand. Health con-
ditions are currently poor in all of these
countries, and there is danger of a general
ra epidemic throughout Southeast
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Soviets Plan Breeder Reactor at Shevchenko to be Fully
Operational Soon: The BN-350 is now generating a small
amount of electric power on one coolant loop. With five
out of six coolant loops operating by late August or Sep-
tember, the BN350 will be capable of generating full
power; the Soviets plan to slowly and cautiously bring it
to full power.
Comment: The Soviets are planning to start full op-
eration using five our of, six coolant loops because the
last coolant loop to fail (caused by steam generator
trouble) will not be ready until after September. The
quality control measures being implemented during repairs
of BN-350 steam generators are very thorough. Apparently
the Soviets are tired of having problems with FBR steam
generators due to poor quality control. After intensive
quality control testing, it was belie~'ed that the last
steam generator failure was not due to poor quality con-
trol at Shevchenko but to a basic material problem at
the factory where the tubing was manufactured. I
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Cholera Spreads from Cambodia to Laos, Vietnam, and Thai- 25X1
land:
that many cholera cases go unreported, and f:.~r that rea-
cholera was spreading in the rural
areas ot Cambodia mss, Vietnam, and Thailand.
the large-scale movement o Cam-
bodians from urban to rural areas accelerated the spread
of the disease. In Thailand, there are so few physicians
son there are no reliable figures on incidence.
Comment: The cholera outbreak in Cambodia that at-
tended the to~ced mass movement of people in April and
May became an epidemic by mid-June. Although the Cam- 25X1
bodian epidemic clearly provided a direct cholera threat
to Thailand and Vietnam, this is the first report to in-
dicate that the disease did in fact spread to those
countries. It is also no surprise that the disease is
present in Laos because health conditions there have de-
teriorated markedly during the past few months.
Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos all sutfer now
from acute shortages of physicians and drugs in the
cities. Rural areas in these countries never received
adec-uate medical coverage, and living conditions and san-
itation are primitive throughout the area. These condi-
tions plus weather conditions favorable to the spread of
cholera are likely to result in the disease becoming 25X1
generally endemic throughout Southeast Asia. This, in
turn, would result in significant cholera outbreaks each
-ear, an one of which could become an a idemic.
tary Dolphin Program:
In
the spring of 1975
V.Ye.
Sokolov, a key tigure
in
the
Soviet marine mammal
pro-
gram, purchased
trom a
US
tirm
six transmitters and six
flashers design
ed for
use
on
submersibles. The trans-
Soviets Purchase Submersible Support Equipment for Mili-
mitter is a compact, self-contained radio beacon. The
flasher is also a compact, self-contained unit designed
as a recovery aid for tree-vehicle instruments, free
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difficulty.
swimming divers, and general surface marking applica-
tions. The submersible transmitter is actually designed
primarily for "free vehicle" instrument packages and for
submarines. The US firm also makes a version of the
transmitter which is modified specifically for use on
marine mammals. It is not clear why Sokolov did not
order the marine mammal version of the transmitter; how-
ever, the necessary adaptation can be made without much
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Soviets Describe Physiological Research During Submarine
Patrols: A Soviet medical journal recently reported on
changes in blood electrolyte levels observed in 35 sub-
marine crew members. The levels were measured before,
during, and after a long cruise. The pre-cruise value for
each electrolyte studied approximated its normal physio-
logical value, however, those observed after two weeks on
the submarine were substantially altered from the normal
limits. Five to six weeks into the cruise the values be-
gan to normalize, but they still had not returned to
their original levels and still were not normal up to one
month following the cruise. In the post-cruise period
there were also complaints of leg muscle pain and con-
siderable swelling.
Comment: The changes in blood chemistry are best
explained by hypothesizing a combination of stresses such
as inadequate ventilation and air conditioning, and the
presence of noxious atmospheric microcontaminants con-
commitant with increased physical and psychological
stress. The reported problems, not encountered in the US
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submarine service, are not life-threatening but clearly
demonstrate measurable effects that must be corrected to
achieve optimum crew performance, pre-cruise training,
and submarine life support systems.
This study is consistent with a number of Soviet
papers published in the past 2 to 3 years which described
the physiological effects of long submarine cruises. The
article supports the earlier Soviet assertion that the
first 2 weeks of a submarine patrol is a "period of de-
velopment of physiological stress" which is not related
to poor health or diet.
The magnitude of the observed blood chemistry
changes and the tendency of the values to return toward
normal limits with the retention of some slightly ab-
normal values one month after the cruise implies that
both physiological and psychological adaptation are oc-
curring slowly, and tht the stresses are never completely
removed during the cruise. The 35 crew members used in
this study may have been relatively new to the submarine
service or even on their first patrol, a factor which
25X1 could induce both physiological and psychological stress.
Dolphinarium at Batumi May Benefit Soviet Military
Dolphin Research: The, public oceanarium in Batumi, lo-
cated near the Batumi Naval Base, is reportedly engaged
in all facets of dolphin research. No military personnel
were seen associated with the facility, and there were no
areas where access was limited or restricted. In addi-
25X1 tion, no perimeter fence or other security barriers were
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Soviets Seek Badly Needed US Livestock Nutrition Data: A
Soviet delegation o livestock nutrition specialists
visited the US in June and July. Numerous questions were
asked by the delegation on waste recycling, manure feed-
ing, preparation and use of pre-mixes, calf feeding, and
grain preservation. The delegation's primary interest was
in urea feeding and nitrogen utilization, and in a re-
cently developed feed supplement antibiotic which facil-
itates a dramatic improvement in feed utilization in cat-
tle. The head of the Soviet delegation proposed a US-USSR
scientific exchange of information on the use of feed
additives for improving livestock feeding programs.
Comment: The Soviet interest in livestock nutrition
ties in with their goal of constructing more than 1,000
cattle feedlots in the next 5 years, each having the
capacity to feed 20,000 to 30,000 animals. The present
Soviet domestic approach to animal nutrition is entirely
inadequate for such a program. As late as October 1974 a
US Livestock Production Team touring the USSR noted an
apparent disinterest in livestock nutrition.
Feed is the most important factor in animal hus-
bandry. Shortages of high protein feed in the USSR make
it imperative that the Soviets get the most for their
"feed-ruble" if they have any hope of succeeding in their
ambitious meat-expansion program. Soviet agriculturists
are only beginning to realize the advantages in the feed
conversion efficiency of quality livestock, together with
nutritious, scientifically balanced feed materials.
I I
Soviets Increase Their Crops Research Capability Related
to Weather Stress: In July the chief designer of the
Agrophysical Research Institute, Leningrad, indicated
that the 180 US-made plant growth chambers already pur-
chased by the Soviets are being installed in plant physi-
ology and plant breeding institutes at Kiev, Moscow,
Leningrad, Chelyabinsk and Messoyakhskaya. The Soviets
plan to negotiate for an additional purchase of a large
number of cabinet and walk-in chambers in early 1977,
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which they plan to install at major agricultural schools
throughout the USSR.
Comment: These growth chambers further enhance the
Soviet capability to study and exploit crop/weather
stress interrelationships, particularly in relation to
cold and drought.
This Soviet capability is believed to be directed
toward two practical goals. The near term goal would be
the development of high yielding crop varieties (pri-
marily grains) capable of withstanding the effects of
weather fluctuations. The impact of these fluctuations is
exemplified by the current drastic reduction of the So-
viet grain crop, largely due to weather problems. Two
major problems are winter kill in winter wheat areas and
drought in spring wheat areas. A second longer term goal
may be to utilize these, facilities to provide for a
scientifically based adjustment of crops and cropping
patterns to mitigate the impact of any projected major
climate change.
A phytotron (controlled artificial climate facil-?
it_y), reputedly the largest in the world, should be
nearing completion at a major grain breeding institute in
Odessa. Identical, but somewhat smaller phytotrons are
planned or tieing built at two other major grain breeding
institutes in Krasnodar and at Mironovka. These phyto-
trons will facilitate large scale evaluation of genetic
stocks and varieties against a wide range of environ-
mental stresses. In addition, three generations of plants
can be grown annually, thereby accelerating the rate of
development and introduction of improved grain varieties.
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