WEEKLY SURVEYOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000700040035-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: August 11, 1975
• Content Type: IR

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A Soviet-built tube, alinear-beam gyro-
tron oscillator, was claimed to produce 12
kW it a CW mode of operation at 107
G~-Iz. This represents the highest con-
tinuous power level generated by these
frequencies. The tube is robabl a
laboratory model.
Current research in East Germany indi-
cates abroad-based approach to air p~llu-
tion from local mines and industry. Re-
search on the effects of heavy rnetals on
livestock has shown a definite need for
the presence and absence of particu:ar
heavy metals. East German work on
single cell protein ~ production from oultr
wastes has been scraped.
25X1 It is likely that the Soviets are justifying
the development of fusion power in terms
of the fossil fuels it would release for
' export. The Soviets are justifying fission/
fusion hybrid reactors in terms of the
large amount of plutonium they produce.
' In the present ~.~-litical climate it seems
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highly unlikely that the Soviets would
consider exporting plutonium.
Four Soviet civil aviation experts visitied a
US simulator training facility fog com-
mercial airline pilots. The questions they
asked indicated a general lack of
knowledge of simulation flight training
technology and pro:.edures. The Soviets
have a serious interest in obtainin; West-
ern flight simulation technolog~~ to im-
prove their civil aviation flic!~ ~ safety ,
The Soviets are far behind :hc 'JS in the
technology of operating and diagnosing
fusion machines. The Soviets are able,
however, to overcome much of this disad-
vantage by extensively analyzing the
elaborate data available frcr~i Western
fusion ro rams.
Soviet Ambassador A. A. Raschin reiter-
ated on 23 June that BW weapons are non-
existent in the USSR, which is consistent
with past official denials. It is known that
the Soviet Union has the technical capa-
bility to produce BW weapons, and there is
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evidence that they probably have facili- Asian countries and, because of its high
ties to do so. The existence of such yield, it m~.y become one of the more
facilities, if not actually engaged in pro- important varieties for these rice rowin
duction, would not violate the BW conven- re ions.
tion of March 1975.
WESTERN EUROPE
Saudi Arabia and France have concluded
an agreement for cooperation which in-
cludes assistance for the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy. French assistance prob-
ably will be limited to preliminar
feasibility studies at this time.
A radiation-induced wheat mutant, Rageni
15 developed by Pakistan, may represent a
significant genetic achievement. Initial
tests indicate that the wheat has about a
50 percent increase in protein content and
produces high yields of flour. Further
tests and field trials will be required tc
check for the presence of other im octant
characteristics.
A new variety of rice, LD-12, being
introduced into Sri Lanka i; disease re-
sistant and high yielding (double the
current average rice yield). The variety
may be aaaptable to other Southeast
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Soviets Trail US in Diagnostic Equipment for Fusion Ex-
~eriments: During their visit to the US in June, Soviet
delegates to the Joint Fusion Power Coordinating Commit-
tee were strongly impressed by the automated data acqui-
sition assem5lies observed in US laboratories. The
Soviets revealed that designers at the Yefremov Institute
consider diagnosticians as their enemies. As a result,
the T-10 Tokamak has very few diagnostic access ports. It
appears, however, that the Soviets have become very adept
at analyzing the readily available and ver detailed
Western test results.
Comment: The Soviets are far behind the US in the
technology of operating and diagnosing f usion machines.
Whereas US diagnostic equipment allows the rapid printout
of experimental measurements, the Soviet equipment
restricts the avai:ability of these data to a long period
after acquisition--?the data are recorded on film which
must be developed.
The Soviets will not be able to utilize effectively
their fusion machines until they ir.~corporate diagnostic
equipment using high-s,?eed computers or, at least, pola-
roid-type film. They as~e able to overcome much of_ this
disadvantage by extensively analyzing the elabora`e data
available from Western fusion programs. This allows them
to understand their own rudimentary diagnostics and,
ultimately, the workings of their exL~erimental machines.
Thus, it would appear than: two of the main advantages of
the fusion exchange progr~~m to the Soviets are the in-
creased flow of the late~a.,t US diagnostic results and
access to US diagnostic equipment. They have stated that
they plan to use US experience in order to make the large
leap from their T-10 Tokamak to the:'tr T-20 and hybrid
Soviets Justif Fission/Fusion Hybrid Reactors by Their
Potential for Pluton ~m Productfon: The Soviet delegation
to t e Joint US-USSR Fusion Power Coordinating Committee
meeting held in }he US in June was committed completely
to the idea of a fission/fusion hybrid Tokamak reactor.
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It was clear that the Soviets are having considerable
difficulty in justifying the costs of their fusion pro-
gram due to the large Sor?et reserves of coal, gas, and
uranium. Howeve
p were eg~nning to realize
that the development of f usion power would permit the
export of domestic fuels, including plutonium, for hard
currency. The Soviets seemed perfectly willing to plunge
into a hybrid program in order to be able to export large
amounts of plutonium.
n t e presen po i ica
it seems highly unlikely that the Soviets would consider
exporting plutonium. It is likely, however, that the
Soviets are justifying the development of fusion power in
terms of the fossil fuels it would release for export in
order to alleviate previously reported budgetary pres-
sures on their CTR program.
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Saudi Arabia and France Will Coo ep rate in Nuclear Ene ~:
During his visit to France, Prince Fah, crown pr rce~ and
deputy premier of Saudi Arabia, and French grime Minister
Jacques Chirac concluded a cooperation agreement on
24 July. The agreement regulates the bases of cooperation.
between the state establishments and specialized organi-
zations of both countries in the fi`lc~s~ of economic de-
velopment :end of energy in all its forms includin n!z-
clear energy for peaceful purposes.
Comment: The agreement provides the basis for subse-
quent agi~ements on specific areas of cooperation. While
Saudi Arab~.a is interested in eventually acquiring dual-
purpose, power and water: desalination nuclear reactors,
French assistance in the near future probably will be
limited to training in nuclear sciences and possibly some
preliminary feasibilit studies for the use of nuclear
power in Saudi Arabia.
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BIOLOGICAL/CHEMICAL WARFARE
So~~iets Officially Deny BW Stoci:pile: At the 23 June Co-
chairman's meeting of the Con .erence of the Com~r,i ttee on
Disarmament (CCD) , Soviet Ambassador A.A.. Roshchir, main-
tained the ofi icial Sot~~et position of the nonexistence
of Soviet BW weapons. When asked about Soviet compliance
with the provisions of the BW convention which nails for
the destruction of stockpiles, Roshchin stated that the
Soviets would report how BW dest::uction was going, but he
also said tha` the USSR had no weapon at its aisposal.
Con:nent: The B~~ Convention banning R&D, prcduction,
and sto~lcp ling of BW agents Was signed ire 1972 and
officiall j- went into force in March 1975. In lieu of a
provision for verification, the USSR accepted the pro-
pcsal that some t~-pe of notification of stockpile des-
truction was appropriate for those nations complying with
the convention.
Roshchin's statement is consistent with past
official Soviet denials of the possession of BW weapons.
But the Soviet Union has the technical capability to pro-
duce BW weapons if and when they would decide to do so.
There is evidence that the robabl?~ have facilities to
produce such wea ons
The existence of BW-related insta~.lations is not in
violation of the BW convention; onl the actual produc-
tion and stockpiling is forbidden.
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Soviets Cl?im High Power Millimeter Wave Tube: A Soviet
built gibe, a liriea.~-beam gyrotron oscillator, was
claimed to grodrace 12 kW a+: 107 GHz. It was described as a
cylindrical waveguide: within which the electrons are
stimulated into cycloi:ron resonance oscillations. ~
~om~~ent: The high power output claimed by the
Soviets at these high frequencies is indicative of con-
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tinued Soviet interest in cyclotron resonance oscillators
and amplifiers. The Soviet tube achieved the stated 12-kW
of power in a .. CW mode of operation. This f figure repre-
sents the higi:ESt continuous power levels yet generated
at these frequencies. The nearest comparable US tubes are
a family of traveling-wave tubes which attain 5 kW at 55
GHz and 1 kW at 93 GHz. Pulsed operation of experimental
US tubes has achieved output of 100 kW at these same
wavelengths.
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further develo ment needed before becoming a production
item.
tube, however, is probably sti'l~la ora ory model with
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AGROTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD RESOURCES
New Rice Variety Could Provide Higher Yields for South-
East Asian Countries: A new high yield, disease resistant
variety of rice, 'LD-12," is being introduced in Sri
Lanka as a possible solution to the island's food prob-
lems. According to the state agricultural research
office, LD-12 has bee*_~ yielding about 100 bushels an
acre--twice the current average of the four highest
yielding varieties known in this region. Sri Lanka re-
searchers believe that LD-12 also will adapt to the cli-
matic conditions of other Southeast Asian countries with-
out difficulty and help meet the food needs of the grow-
i
ng po ulations of. the work?.
Comment: If the protein content of this new variety
has not been adversely affected by crossbreeding for
yield, LD-12 may take its place alongside "IRC" as one of
the more important varieties of rice for Southeast Asia.
One of the main challenge: to breeders of crop plants is
that efforts to improve yield tend to reduce protein
content and vice versa.
IR8, the first "miracle rice" devel~p2d by the
International Ripe Research I;=atitute in ttie Phillipines,
contains 8 percent protein. The institute is now working
ors the development of a variety that yields as well as
IR8 but has at least 25 percent more protein. Such a
discovery would greatly benefit a third of the world's
population who depend upon rice for more than half ~~
Pakistani Wheat Mutant May Be a Significant Genetic De-
velopment. A Pakistani scientist, Dr. Hassan Khan, of the
Radiation Genetics Institute, Lyallpur, Pakistan,
appears to have made Significant breakthrough in the
development of a wheat mutant. Tests conducted in the US
on ~r. Kahn's mutant, "Rageni 15," the result of a radia-
tion experiment, indicated that the wheat had about a 50
percent increase in both protein and nitrate reductase
activity. The latter is extremely important from the
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standpoint of more efficient use of available nitrogzn by
a plant. In addition, Rageni 15 produced a higher yield
of flour than has ever been seen befoi:e from an equiva-
lent sample of wheat.
Comment: It seems premature to discuss this mutant
in terms~~a breakthrough. At the vary least, however,
the germ plasm of Rageni 15 should prove valuable to
plant breeders in the constant search for improved varie-
ties of wheat. The laboratory tests conducted on Rageni
15 so far confirm only its high protein content and
nitrate reductase activity. Fur trier tests are needed to
determine the quality of the protein and baking charac-
t.2ristics. In addition, much field testing is necessary
to check such important characteristics as resistance to
diseases, insects, and harsh climates.
Radia*_ion-induced mutation s have been known since
1927, but only in r?~cent years has the state of knowledge
improved to the point where it is possible to obtain gen-
erally good results. To date more than 100 va~:ieties of
induced mutant crop plants, including whe~+-; rice,
barley, oats, and soybeans, are being grown by farmers on
millions of acres throughout the world. Somme of *.hese
varieties have played a part in the "green revolution"
that has resulted in substantial improvements in quality
and yie]..d of crops.
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Soviet Civil Aviation Lacks Simulation Training Exper-
t si e: Four Soviet civil aviation experts visited a US
simulator training facility for commercial airline
pilots. The Soviet visitors were: Alexander Nazarov,
Chief, Administration of Education and Twining Estab-
lishments, Ministry of Civil Aviation; Alexander
Okhonskiy, Deputy Chairman, State Aviation Control Com-
mission; Ivan Vasin, Director Civil Aviation Academy,
Leningrad; Although Department of International Affairs,
Ministry of Civil Aviation. They observed simulators for
both standard and wide bodied aircraft. Nazarov asked
questions regarding US arrangements for training on the
A-30(~ airbus and how many people it would take to set-up
such an operation. Although the Soviets stated that a
simulator training program had been established for YAK-
40 aircrews, it was felt that their questions indicated a
general .tack of knowledge of simulation procedures,
training techniques and management proced
though all except Lyubimov were rated pilots.
Comment: Soviet flight simulation capabilities in
both mi~ 1T i a y and civil aviation sectors continue to lag
US capabilities by approximately 8 to 10 years. Past
reporting on the YAi:-40, TU-134, and IL-18 flight
simulators indicated that these simuJ.~:fiors were less
advanced than ZJS trainers ai:~ providEd extremely poor
landing cues. The YAK-40 trainer was thought to provide
hazardous training because of its lack of fidelity with
the actual flight environment.
Czechoslovakia has produced same of the better
Soviet military flight trainers, and the Soviets have
been attempting to gain Western expertise in flight s?.mu-
lation. Soviet civil aviation training and, flight safety
programs will continue to suffer until they are able to
make significant improvements in their simulation train-
ing fa::ilities and procedures.
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LIFE SCIENCES
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East Germans Stu%1 Animal Waite Conversion and Pollution
Effects on Live stock: ?tesearch on the of ects of heavy
metal pollution and ~Eooa supplements on livestock is
under way at the Institute of Animal Nutrition and Veter-
inary Medicine, Jena. A disease has been discovered in
cattle which possibly is related to silver toxicity.
Conversely, a study has shown that a totally nickel-free
diet caused death in goats and pigs after 2 years. The
institute also has a program, as yet unsuccessful, to
develop animal feed supplements from poultry wastes.
Comment: The current research at the Institute
appears to be a broad-based sophisticated program orien-
ted towards one of East Germany's major problems, i.e.,
air pollution from mines and industrial plants. For ex-
ample, pastures in the mountainous areas in East Germany
and Czechoslovakia are highly contaminated with silver
from local mines.
The East German work has shown that protein derived
from poultry wastes such as chicken feathers causes birth
defects in test animals. This could have a major effect
on other countries, most notably Sweden, as the National
Swedish Environment Board reportedly is subsidizing con-
struction of a plant to produce protein in thousand ton
quantities from chic-kPn feathers and other animal by-
products.
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