URI GELLER AND SCIENCE, A NEW SCIENTIST SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110020-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 11, 1998
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: October 17, 1974
• Content Type: OPEN

r _iY ,,.. . a ? c. r ry rr e'l New Science Publications
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Editor: Dr ?ierr.ard Dixon
Oc?P.,!y fcitcr (Sc:encc): Dr Peter Stubbs
L1, puty Editor (Technology): Nicholas Valery
L.ar.a; ing E.::lor: Richard Fifield
Science Policy Editor: Dr Martin Sherwood
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Assistant Science Editor: Dr Robert VJalgate
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Consultants
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Computers: Hadley VOYSEY
Eduction: Juhn De!in
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Psycho!c; : Dr Nick Humphrey
Soviet Science: Dr Sarah White
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Adver'ieemoont manager :. Roy Edwards
Ad?r:sdry Panel ?
Or Meaty F!rnistcn FRS
Sir \'Jriii=_m Glanville FRS
Or L;astl '.',?son FRS
Professor Sir Mich el Swann FRS
Monitor 165
Technology review 1EG
Enemy fife 193
Feedback 203
Westminster scene 202
New York view 202
Paris notebook 203
EEC notebook 203
Venture 204
Pig-ignorant 205
A greundling's notebook. 205
Tantalizer 2C'6
Letters 212
Grimbladon Dcv.n 212
Ariadne 22-2
Comment Dr Roger Lewin, Adrian Hope, Dr Michecl Schwab
Uri Geller and Science
A Nev., Scientist special investigation
by Dr Joseph Hanlon
Generalisations Professor Guy Ourisson talks to
Dr Martin Sherv;ood .
How safe are North Sea platforms? i R9&007S7R00070041002a.4estin_g as he was`
"how imp t 1 1 divi(ua burr simpl
fiddli
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suggest that Geller was unwilling to
perform before someone who was more
watchful than usual.
Another example of this sort of
choice came up in a discussion of ex-
periments with Pat Price, also published
in the SRI paper. In the test, one of
the investigators went to a randomly
selected place in the Palo Altc area-
a motorway toll booth, a drive-in movie,
a marina, etc. Thirty minutes after he
started, Price would dictate into a tape
recorder a description of where he
thought the investigator was. Transcripts
of the nine descriptions were given to
five judges who were asked to correlate
them with personal knowledge of the
nine locations but with no knowledge of
which descriptions Price said were of
which trips. There is a wide diversity,
with two judges picking 6 and 7 of
Price's descriptions as correct, while
two others picked only S. When asked
about the diversity, Targ said that it
simply showed that they had to be
more careful in picking judges because
some judges were not good at doing -
correlations!
or
er. ileoard is convince
, how-
ever, that Swann did perturb the output
without touching the recorder. But as
often happens, his version of the story
tells more than he realises. He said
that there were several people in the
room and that they stood talking for
about 40 minutes. Swann, he said, stood
close to the chart recorder looking at
it intently for 20 minutes before any-
thing happened. Hebard is sure that
Swann did not touch the recorder, but
in a crowded room with people talking,
who can concentrate on any single
object for 20 minutes and be sure it is
not touched? llebard also added a point
that neither Swann nor Puthoff men-
tioned-they came back the next day
with fewer people around and Swann
failed to have any effect.
One also has the comment of Ray
Hyman-the Oregon University psy-
curious incident which occurred at the
end of the third day of the test. After
the formal test had been abandoned, it,,.
was decided to loosen the precautions
and try again with six drawings. This
time the drawings were left lying about
the room so that it was possible to"remove a drawing from the pile without
anyone noticing, and Geller was per.
'
mitted to leave the room, which he did
three times. This time, Geller had no`'
trouble with the clairvoyance test, and:.'=
succeeded in drawing one of the pic-
tures. Commented the third researcher:
"I'm convinced he cheated." If he could
do this test under loose conditions but
not under tight conditions, is this not
worth a mention in the paper?
chology professor, magician, and con Looking in Uri's mouftl,
fumed sceptic about psychic phenomena.
Hyman observed a day of SRI tests on The final question that must be
Geller in November 1972 and concluded answered is how the SRI paper stacks
that "they don't know how to observe. up against Occam's Razor-is there a
Targ and Puthoff recounted incidents plausible normal method by which'
we just saw in completely the reverse Geller could have done his two success-,
order, making them miracles". ful tests at SRI? Plausibility is hard to -
Finally
there are two problems that d
f
,
e
ine in this situatio bt itt tk
n,u musae
Good observers? apply to all scientists, Targ and Puthoff into account anything that can be done
included. First, future funding clearly with the assistance of Dr Andrija
By far the most important component depends on success-there'is no-money '
of the validity of the SRI I uharich.
ty paper is the available to prove that subjects of their As the box on the next page shows,
investigators' abilities as observers. Two choice have no psychic ability. Second, Puharich is a medical electronics expert
incidents suggest that although Targ the mystique of the hard-headed scientist who developed a radio receiver which
and- Puthoff may be competent laser objectively searching for truth bears can be hidden in a tooth. It must there-.
physicists, they are less successful in little relationship to reality; in the real fore be considered plausible that Uri has
this radically different area. In particu- world of science most people are trying a miniature radio receiver concealed on'_
lar, their desire to believe may cloud to prove the truth of a hypothesis to his person. Even if it is not hidden in
their discrimination. which they are already committed. Thus his teeth, it could easily be hidden .,in
Perhaps the most telling event is Hal it is hardly surprising to find that Targ his hair or- in a wristwatch which he
Puthoff taking Ingo Swann-an experi- and Puthoff are strongly committed to presses against his chin to hear. The
mental subject not described in the Geller and seem genuinely to believe in possibilities are limitless, especially if
Nature paper-to the quark detector his abilities (although Targ seems more Uri is not carefully searched. Because
at Stanford University early in 1973, cautious about Geller's metal bending). Uri constantly runs his bands through
The quark detector is a highly sensitive Targ has worked in the parapsychology his hair and across his face, no one
magnetome'ler which works by looking area on and off for 15 years. Puthoff would notice him listening toy his Dick
at the decay of a magnetic field. This has gone through encounter groups and Tracy wrist radio-nor, because of the:.
is shown on a -chart recorder by a other West Coast fads, and is now a direct nerve stimulation, would anyone
periodic function. Puthoff and Swann Scientologist (as is Ingo Swann). In else hear it.
independently told me roughly simi'ar an area where observation is difficult There are two small pieces of evidence
stories: Puthoff took Swann to the quark anyway, have the SRI investigators that give some credence to this sugges-
detector, where Swann described in taken enough precautions to ensure that tion. The most obvious is that all of,
some detail the inside of the detector, their natural desire to see Geller succeed Uri's drawings are representations of.-
of which he could not possibly have had does not cause them to unconsciously words which would describe the target
any knowledge. Then, without going snake errors or misinterpret the data drawing, and thus are consistent with
near any of the equipment, for short to Geller's benefit? radio communication.The second occurred
times he both increased and decreased in January when Puharich was telling
the period of the signal. me that in any test Uri should be -
Dr Arthur Hebard, who designed the Omitting a success "properly examined" for hidden devices.
equipment, and who suggested that But then he suddenly added: "But I
Futho'T bring Swann there, tells a One test with Geller that is omitted know Uri will not submit to excessive
somewhat different story. He dismisses from the paper throws some interesting examination like total body X-radiation".
the description of the inside of the light both on Geller and the researchers. In other words, Uri will not permit the
detector by saying that Swann was Whereas the 13 drawings in the tele- only test for a Puharich implanted radio
'talking in such poetic terms that lie pathy test are described as the "entire receiver.
could have hen dnscrihln7 ?r.vt?riff rr set of consecutive experiments". this is 1 ^_ ch~_ , i;~tioa ~?. "dc:. ,: , d To some measure, SRI has r.rotected
_,
C2-e " :::: 1nL' C..::[': r,~?;:;:Ca test ., ,..,.n5i i?:::1:0 tra^S:a:SS:On 1..: worl-inz-
the sort of tiling any poetic layman which Geller failed-his attempt to with shielded rooms for the picture
would use to describe any piece of draw the contents of sealed envelopes. drawing tests. But have they succeeded;
scientific equipment. The targets were drawn by an SRI or is it
On the perturbation of the detector artist at the request of a third SRI to a radio possible to penetrate the room
output, Ilebard made two interesting researcher who worked with Targ and To answer this question, I consulted
comments. First, just that sort of per- Puthoff for a short time in August 1973. Robert King, a senior lecturer at
tur5.eticn often oc-urs lvn~~i otiicr people As Tar
a d *1
-
n
g
m
t u?lo repon in lne paper, ipenat Cohere, London. King wrote
rTio
share th helium sup ly a r~lso 1 r biusing their qq~roved can `Iease t2D ~o a&';7, w i ie
JQT ;~t R2's _j` three shiol,l~d
i In o egg lectrical En;in-
 Aaoroved' For R'el`ease 2000/08/07 CIA-RDP96-0078.7R00070014,0020-3 t
eering Department. King was dogmatic:
"I could get information into any
shielded room." The reason, he ex-
plained. is that shielded rooms are
simply not designed to protect against
secretive attempts to get information
through.
The SRI paper gives only vague
info m ation on the room in which' most
Hearing with a tooth
The dream of spy writers, a radio
receiver that can be concealed in a
tooth. actually exists and was in-
vented by Andria Henry Puharich
-the man who found Geller in Israel
and brought him to the US. Puharich
is a wealthy 56-year-old MD who
holds 56 patents, primarily in medical
electronics. Since 1560 his inventions
have related primarily to hearing aids
for people with nerve deafness.
But Puhar ich's hearing aid is a
unique device which stimulates cer-
tain facial nerves just as the organ.
of Corti stimulates auditory nerves,
and the person can actually hear
normally w t.hout using his or her
ears at all. The facial hearing system
will work with nerves on the face
and neck, on the tongue, and in the
sinuses. Puharich claims. But for
cosmetic reasons. the nerves in a
living tooth are best.
"The invention comprises an
element applied to a viable tooth,
for receiving electromagnetic signals
at radio freeuenc-v% and a transducer
element coupled with a receiving
element and with live nerve endings
of the tooth for converting the
electromagnetic signals to electric
signals at audio frequency, and im-
parting the electrical signals to the
nerve endings of the tooth for trans-
mission to the brain," according to
US Patent 299565Z issued 8 August,
1561.
of the tests were done (S1 in the Table,
p 179)-it says only that it is "a double-
walled steel room, locked by means of an
inner and outer door". The second room
(S2 in the Table, p I79) is a "double-walled,
copper-screen Faraday cage" which "pro-
vides 120 d13 attenuation for plane
wave radio frequency radiation over a
range of 15 KlIz to 1 Gliz. For magnetic
Normally, the user would carry a
small transmitter in his pocket which
would pick up sounds and transmit
them to the tooth. But Pubarich and
co-inventor Joseph Lawrence noted
in US Patent 3 267 931, issued 23
August, 1966, that the device "may,
of course, be adapted for longer
range transmission of radio frequency
signals".
Although the device will receive
radio signals directly, it works best
with an amplifier. In the initial
patent, this amplifier is relatively
large, concealed in two false teeth
next to the viable one with the
implant (Figure 2). But by 1964,
Figure 2 Signals can be transmitted
from a radio to a receiver/amplifier
hidden in two false teeth, and then
passed on to an adjoining viable tooth
as in Figure 1. Drawing from US Patent
2 995 663
Puharich had modified the amplifier
cirduitry (US Patent 3 156 787) to
be mounted on the one tooth. The
drawing (Figure . 3) "is greatly
exaggerated in size to facilitate
description. . . . The entire assembly
. . . advantageously is of wafer-thin
construction, so as to be unobtrusively
concealed with the cap. . . . It is
contemplated that the various com-
ponents of the system of the inven-
tion may be further reduced, to
micro-miniature proportions, through
the use of so-called 'thin film' circuit
1l'.e an-pit:.C:Sit(,:1 in ir.c ihG-1 and
Fic;.,re I Pula,-;Ch tooth radio receiver. 1S66 patents is provided by a fee_d-
S:cra's are recei,Ed t the gold filling, back loop within the mouth, using
converted to electric slcna!s in the audio either two di'.;erent teeth (Figure 4
`ea,.Er.cv ranee by i e rectifier crystal, from the. 1966 patent) or the tonO,uc
King said that this is typical of screen
ing for shielded rooms, and provides the,
key to getting data inside in this case. ''
Attenuation drops off very rapidly a,,,'.,'
the very small wavelengths about 1
GIIz, he said, so that microwaves of 10`;;:
Gllz or more provide a good possibility.
Figure 3 By 1964, Puharich had
improved the amplifier so that it could
be mounted on the back of the tooth.
In this drawing, the amplifier "is Greatly
exaggerated in size to facilitate
description" and would, in fact, be
hidden under the tooth cap. The
amplifier has a terminal on the left
which must be touched with the tongue
to complete the circuit. Drawing -
from US Patent 3 156 787
has the interesting side effect that
amplification only works when the
tongue is pressed against the tooth,
and thus the wearer can listen selec-
tively and be undisturbed by radio
signals at other times.
In another version of the device,
described in the 1966 patent. an
electrode "about the size of a penny
which is covered on its operative
surface with a thin film of Mvlar"
could be pressed against the skin in
"one of several identifiable areas of
the head and neck" to stimulate
facial nerves and produce the same
effect of hearing. The electrode is
connected to a receiver similar to
the one mounted in the tooth. The.
feedback circuit is completed by a,
connection to any point on the body.
For example, a quite small device
held in the hand could be pressed
against the face. -
Amplifier
ow~Lr
a - .Cirr parted c re CV, :c the nerve pressed against an exposed terminal Figure 4 An alternative empt;fier
t;$ Pate r
US dr led FornRelease ~0 %Q ~~r~f the 'DIR ?`0 787' ~~ ( ~1g1t I2 ; 31gn
 T
Ge11e performs at rkbeck
Uri Geller has worked with one group of scientists in
Britain. On 21 and 22 June, 1974, he did a set of tests
in the of-ace of Professor John Hasted at Birkbeck College,
London University. Also present were Professor David
Bohm, Dr Ted Bastin (a friend of Andrija Puharich and
a strong Geller supporter, who first introduced Uri to
New Scientist in 1972), Brendon O'Regan (another Geller
proponent who wrote the first New Scientist report on
Geller at SKI), theoretical physicist Dr Jack Sarfatt,
authors Arthur Koestler and Arthur C. Clarke, and several
other people.
In an unpublished paper, Hasted reports that Geller
bent four keys and a 1 crr molybdenum disc 0.32 mm
thief., affected a Geiger counter, and deflected a compass
needle while at the same time producing a pulse on a
magnetometer. Hasted concludes that "these observations
are consistent with the hypothesis that Mr Geller could
by concentration produce occasional and rather un-
predictable pulses of electromotive force".
As usual, they are also consistent with non-paranormal
explanations. Indeed, the whole set of tests seems no
better controlled than the typical Geller show.
In a telephone interview last month, Bohm told me
that "unfortunately there were a lot of people in the
room", and that "as far as the key bending is concerned,
we had much better conditions in his hotel room (in
February 1974] where it was much quieter".
"I can't assure that there were no tricks, and no one
there could,"''Bohm added. "Geller works in a very high
state of excitement which communicates to the experi-
menters, and that makes it hard to keep your mind on
what is happening." -
According to the Hasted paper, Geller bent four brass
Yale keys through angles of between 10? and 400. "In
all cases the bending took a time of the order of minutes
good magician could have bent the keys no platter how.
closely the observers thought they were watching-with
the chaos that must have reigned in the office, it should
have been trivially easy.
The bent disc was one of ten metal objects. ",1Tr Geller'
was not asked specifically to bend this specimen rather
than others on the tablfe". As I noted in the box on pane
180, SRI observed a similar event and even videotaped it,
yet they rejected it because of the possibility of sleight-
of-hand.
The Geiger counter was connected to an amplifier
and a chart recorder, and "during a total period of about
10 minutes eight pulses of duration of the order of a
second were recorded. . . . However, the loudspeaker
clicking, which was recorded on magnetic tape, did not
always accelerate during the chart recorded pulses, nor
did a second Geiger counter record click consistently".
To me, this is more consistent with Uri or one of his
supporters bumping the chart recorder or fiddling with
a knob on the amplifier than with any paranormal event.
As for deflecting the compass needle, the best comment
is that made in the SRI filer of Geller: "we found later
that these types of [compass needle] deflections could
be produced by a small piece of metal, so small in fact
that they could not be detected by a magnetometer".
Bohm stresses that to perform, Uri must be in the right
state of mind. "tiMy attitude is that whatever lie requires,
we must accept." For example, "considering the sort of
person Geller is, you couldn't search him-it would put
him off".
Bohm also noted that Geller "tends to get discouraged
by complicated set-ups. We had some set-ups that would
have given stronger proof, but he was never in the right
state of mind".
not mention it at all in their paper,
loss around tortuous routes. The air_
conditioning system probably vseri Shipi was constantly under foot during
good wave guid ing the experimenters during actual
e-a transmitter placed -?~ ~;:~~;,?. k V t, : experiments. Shipi
an}-where in the air conditioning could easily have
w
ld ! "
t
ou
~.~
transmit to all linked offices. Naturally, signalled Uri in code with a transmitter
effective in the microwave range. On 7) II ' ?t -1
room" which suggests that Shipi might
the other hand, microwave transmitting V ...~ ', have had other chances to see it as well.
equipment can be miniaturised and ti- -; In the chaos of the computer room for
draw very little power. A microwave tests 11 to 13, Shipi would hardly have
transmitter for this sort of purpose need r Y,x been noticed while the picture was being
~?- ~~?::y. ti- a. c.zt r~.:= decided on and drawn. The SRI data
be no big_er than a cigarette pack. And
talks about his tooth receiver working un
ypo der the control the drawings were
in the MHz range, it should work just as would the of an outsider G who
well in the GlIz range. In the confr gura_ would be less likely to accede Shipi, tion where the n picture out loud after they drew it- requests and the presence of hipi, Uri
tongue is part of the after all, as they say in their paver, the failed (Trials 5. 6, and 7).
a:ua:i: r. Geller wo,n i evrn he able to sliieided room provided acou, is isola- Even if `ti ,: ?
tarn !t oa and off at will, and thus not tic.;" not - tvurkt.Puha s rich could surely elue will
be affected by possible continuing trans- Another choice would involve Shipi , way. Four th possibilities find a
missions. St ra n g, simple way, Four other osibi!itics
came igher in frequency' discussions with avg:
How would such a radio be used? According tosPuhar ch inlehis book Uri, 1)lIi
~ k3 between
Perhaps the simplest way would be to Geller first met Shipi in 1967 when Uri tsould pass s through the cracla between
use it to bug the room in which the was serving as a counsellor at a summer
t"rs_'t y:cture was being viewed. Targ Giii", b'us, .uiu une ui his the steel plates and around the door.
pad Put^o f ttiere so anxious to lea e c ~ Indeed, Bing notes to at the space
Ur! that the ? ;4pi? 4+_ y it tTt f?~cq70 3 ' t d provide a
'T4':
} /OC}90/@darul'tEI~BS@r WVtUI~ Rt / 87~3i ttcu arT~~q~~l1otuide. With a
with a request om Uri to describe the Hannah, and Uri and Shipi soon became transmitter anywhere in the room
 A3P Release 2000/08/0.7 'CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110020-3
directly outside the shielded room, if Uri's request came via Spectra,
signals would penetrate in this way. Puharich would be sure to obey. Thus,
2) To get electricity into. a shielded Puharich need not be a party to a wide-
room (for lights) without any radio tran- spread and continuing fraud to have
sients, the normal procedure is to put helped Uri in this wav.
a steel plate (usually the roots wall) I have no proof that Uri did do his
b
?
etr.
een two sides of tf Th di
aransormer.erawngs in this way. But it fits the
60 Hz magnetic field penetrates, whereas data at least as well as the Targ-Puthoff
di
G
ld
ld
ra
o
e
s wou
not (this is supported
by the fact that the copper screened
room shows only a 3 dB loss to mag-
netic fields at 60 Ifz). Therefore, King
suggests low frequency magnetic induc.
tion transmission of data. Frequencies
of 5-10 Hz should pass through double
steel plates without unacceptable losses.
The transmitter coil could be concealed
in a briefcase left sitting next to the
wall of the shielded room. Geller would
have a coil of wire (for an aerial) under
his b-alt or even hidden behind his
teeth, and would stand close to the inner
wall. During a 30 minutes test, large
amounts of information could be trans-
mitted by simple code.
3) If SRI has not properly shielded
the mains current supply to the room,
it would be possible to send radio
signals along the mains (just this system
is used for internal radio systems in
universities, hospitals, and the like).
This could be done with a transmitter
smaller than a cigarette pack plugged
into any outlet in the building. Geller
would simply touch an electric wire
inside the cage and his body would act
as an aerial for the tooth radio.
4) There. is an intercom connecting
the inside of the cage with the outside.
This could be like a telephone and have
a fker to cut out everything above 3
KHz. But if it does not, it too could be
used to carty.radio signals into the room
with the transmitter simply clipped onto
the communications wire.
The preceding discussion applies only
to the extremely difficult problem of the
shielded room. The other successful test
-guessing the die--can be much more
easily solved by radio. MMir Hubert Caddy
of the International Magic Studio,
Lcndca, tells me that for several years
it has been possible to buy a dice for
about #30 which radios which face is up!
It would not have been too difficult for
Uri to have given SRI a. normal die that
looked like the radio (Le, let them mark
the normal die as they wanted, and then
simply mark the radio die in the same
way and switch.
?tiaturaally-, this all depends on the
cooperation of Puharich in perpetrating
fraud-. ti'~'hv would lie do so? In his book
Uri, Puharich reports that extraterres-
trial powers called Hoova speak to him
through a voice called Spectra, and have
cone so for longer than he has known
Uri. Uri's power, he says, comes from
Eoova. To have any hope of having this
report accepted, Puharich needs Uri's
.s. if t':-i
ear no:' and ii - -
thetic to Geller, but it did call in is
magician James Nandi to help set the
experimental conditions.) And Mitchell"
told me that Geller "broke several .':
engagements" at SRI and that he did
not seem to want to do any more there'
even though "we've got funding for it
if he will work under conditio
ns accep
?
paranormal explanation. By Occarn's table to us." Uri, it seems, will work:`'
Razor it is only necessary to show that only with scientists such as those at::
plausible normal explanations have not Birkbeck who seem loth to set any
been excluded. To be sure, by what conditions at all.
might be considered a reverse Occam's Thus, it appears that the paper pub=
Razor, it must also be shown that the lisped this week may be the closest to
route to the normal explanation is not halyd scientific evidence will w
e w get and
, more complex than simply accepting it must be unusually closely scrutinised.
the paranormal. But Puharich takes the It seems clear that no matter how' good
plausible virtually into the realm of they are as laser physicists, Russell
science fiction. Targ and Dr Hal Puthoff are no match
Conclusion
The ultimate test of any scientific
research, including the SRI work with
Uri, is the ability of other scientists to
independently reproduce the results. As
Uri himself said on a Thames TV docu-
mentary on 15 January: "W hen I am
doing enough experiments with scien-
tists, the disbelief will drop off." But
there is a real danger this will not
happen-that Uri will consider the
publication of the SRI paper to be all
the scientific validation lie needs. Uri
has backed out on a written commitment
to work with the New Scientist. He
backed out on a verbal commitment to
work with the Maimonides Medical
Centre Division of Parapsychology and
Parauhvsics in Brooklyn, New York.
(The Maimonides team is highly sympa-
for Uri Geller. There is too much
evidence that they missed out on impor-
tant points. And their exper-iments fail
the Occam's Razor test-they did not..
exclude non-paranormal forms of infor-
mation transfer that, based on Puharich's
background, must be considered highly
possible.
I do not question the integrity of the
SRI researchers. But science is filled
with examples of scientists---often in
large numbers-seeing v;hat they want
to see rather than what is there. Canals
on Mars, poly water, and the supposed
double mass peak of the A, particle are
just three examples. Several magicians
have told me that scientists are good
audiences because they are so easily
fooled. My investigations of the Geier
phenomenon support this. The SRI paper
simply does not stand up aairst the
mass of circumstantial evidence that
Uri Geller is simply a good magi "a_i.
a=gig me to uo I
things I may not always be able to do
inc something
whil
"
i
e
In h
s
. , Thiianch tells of
often hearing the voice of Spectra, and
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