PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES, PROGRESS REPORT NO. 1

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00787R000700100004-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 49
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 5, 2003
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: March 12, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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Progress Report No. 1
Covering the Period 28 January to 1 March 1974
Stanford Research Institute Project 3183
PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
by
Harold E. Puthoff
Client Private
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The purpose of the program is to determine the characteristics of
those perceptual modalities through which individuals obtain information
about their environment, wherein such information is not presented to
any known sense.
The program is divided into two categories of investigation of
approximately equal effort, applied research and basic research. The
purpose of the applied research effort is to explore experimentally
the potential for applications of perceptual abilities of interest,
with special attention given to accuracy and reliability. The purpose
of the basic research effort is to identify the characteristics of
individuals possessing such abilities, and to identify neurophysiological
correlates and basic mechanisms involved in such functioning.
II PROGRESS DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD
A. Applied Research
1. Remote Viewing
A number of efforts were begun with respect to obtaining
further information concerning remote viewing phenomena. First, an
experiment has been designed in consultation with SRI psychologists
which will yield precise statistical data as to discrimination ability.
Ten sites known to the subject are to be visited in random sequence by a
target demarcation team. The subject must then make a choice as to
which site is being visited, in addition to providing descriptive material
for content analysis.
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Secondly, a pilot series involving real-time questioning of the
subject by the target team via walkie talkie is being explored to provide
information for designing a protocol to investigate real-time correlations.
One viewing with positive results has been carried out.
Finally, a preliminary remote viewing pilot experiment was
carried out with a subject (H.H.) previously screened by the EEG correlates
experiment described in our paper submitted for publication (Appendix I).
The target chosen at random was a small red clapboard schoolhouse
structure with a bell steeple on top in a miniature golf course. The
subject's response was that she saw a red clapboard structure with a
steeple that seemed to be artificial as in a movie set. Based on this
result, a series of remote viewing experiments under strict protocols
are planned with this subject.
2. Detection of Variable Density Target Material
Twenty-seven envelopes were submitted by the sponsor to the
client containing target drawings of variable content and density.
Several hundred sorting trials resulting from six passes per day through
the 27 cards have been carried out, the goal to date being delineation
of the. twelve low density target cards from the pencil (6) and blank (9)
cards. The numbered
envelopes containing the target material,
sealed and specially secured by the sponsor, are randomized before each
trial and placed inside non-numbered opaque envelopes before being
presented to the subject for sorting. Statistical analysis of the
results and comparison with the key (unknown to the client) will be
carried out after completion of the experimental series.
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B. Basic Research
1. Testing Program
During the first month of this program, the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (WAIS) instrument was administered by
of Consultants International, Inc., to three subjects screened in other
programs as being gifted in the area of paranormal perception. They are
Mr. Patrick H. Price, screened for remote viewing ability, Mrs. Hella Hammid,
screened for EEG correlates to remote stimuli, and Mr. Duane Elgin,
screened for high scoring response to a random target generator. Further
in-depth interviewing of the first two subjects was carried out by
I
preparation by
technical representatives when completed.
On the basis of discussion with technical representative,
SRI representatives have consulted with a number of
Bay Area neurophysiologists concerning administration of the Halstead-
Reitan (H-R) Neuropsychology Test Battery. Those contacted include
Dr. Karl Pribram of the Stanford Medical School, Dr. Robert Ornstein
of the Langley-Porter Neuropsychiatric Clinic, and Dr. Donald Lim of
the Veteran's Administration Hospital in Palo Alto. To date satisfactory
arrangements for administration of the H-R instrument have not yet been
made, as only the latter facility has personnel experienced in its
administration, but not ordinarily available for subcontracted consulting.
The three individuals named above have, however, agreed to help locate
an appropriate individual or facility to carry out such testing so no
difficulty is anticipated in meeting this requirement.
SG1I
SG1I
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and his colleague,
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A measure of the visual acuity of one subject (P.P.) was
obtained utilizing one of the instruments available in the optics
group of the Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory of SRI. The
measurement method involves forced-choice discrimination on the part of
the subject between alternate zero and finite-contrast grating images,
for each of a number of spatial-frequency gratings. (See Appendix II.)
The system, which is automated, tracks and records the subject's
forced-choice responses to yield a curve of threshold (75% correct choice)
contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. As might be
expected, higher contrast is required at the low and high frequency
tails of the distribution, as compared with the middle range, to
discriminate between grating and uniform images. The purpose of the
test with regard to our program was to determine whether a subject
possessing an unusual ability to view remote stimuli also possessed an
unusual visual acuity response in a threshold-determining instrument,
either because of unusual acuity. in the ordinary sense, or through the
use of an extraordinary ability to discriminate between a target and a
blank under conditions of vanishingly-small information content.
The resultant curve lay within the range of expected human
variation indicating no unusual response activity.
2. Measurement Program
A 10-channel polygraph facility under the direction of
Dr. Jerry Lukas of the Sensory Sciences Research Center has been brought
into the program and certain functions tailored to our specification.
The facility will be used initially to monitor GSR, blood flow
(plethysmograph), and EEG activity of subjects carrying out tasks
involving perception-of remote stimuli. For our purposes, the display
of raw data has been augmented by a computer program which has been
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INFORMATION TRANSMISSION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SENSORY SHIELDING
Russell Targ
Harold Puthoff
Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory
Stanford Research Institute
Menlo Park, California
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1. Target pictures and responses drawn by Uri Geller under shielded
2. Computer drawings and responses drawn by Uri Geller.
a. Computer drawing stored on video display
b. Computer drawing stored in computer memory only
c. Computer drawing stored on video display with zero intensity
3. Occipital EEG spectra, 0 to 20 Hz, for one subject (H.H.) acting as
receiver, showing amplitude changes in the 9 - 11 Hz band as a
function of strobe frequency. Three cases: 0, 6, and 16 flashes per
second (12 trial averages).
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In this paper we present results of experiments suggesting the
existence of one or more perceptual modalities through which individuals
obtain information about their environment, wherein this information is
not presented to any known sense. Such perceptual abilities are often
considered to be paranormal. The literature in the field1-3 coupled with
our own observations have led us to conclude that such abilities can be
studied under laboratory conditions.
The phenomena we have investigated most extensively pertain to the
ability of certain individuals to describe graphical material or remote
scenes shielded against ordinary perception. In addition, we also performed
pilot studies to determine if electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings
might indicate perception of remote happenings even in the absence of
correct overt responses.
In these experiments we concentrated on what we considered to be our
primary responsibility--namely, to resolve under conditions as unambiguous
as possible the basic issue of whether a certain class of paranormal
perception phenomena exists. Therefore, we conducted our experiments with
sufficient control, utilizing visual, acoustic, and electrical shielding,
to ensure that all conventional paths of sensory input were blocked. At
all times we were vigilant in the design of our experiments to take
measures to prevent sensory leakage and to prevent deception, whether
intentional or unintentional, on the part of our subjects.
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The overall goal of our research program is the determination of the
laws nI1(ftrlying these phenomena. That is, our goal is not just to catalog
interesting events, but rather to uncover patterns of cause-effect rela-
tionships that lend themselves to analysis and hypothesis in the forms
with which we are familiar in scientific study. The results presented
here constitute a first step toward that goal, in that we have established
under known conditions a data base from which departures as a function of
physical and psychological variables can be studied in future work.
In this paper we describe three related experiments which we consider
to represent a single ability exhibiting different rates of information
transmission. First, we conducted experiments with Mr. Uri Geller in
which we examined his ability, while located in an electrically shielded
room, to reproduce target pictures drawn by experimenters located at remote
locations. Second, we conducted double-blind experiments with two
individuals, Mr. Ingo Swann and Mr. Pat Price, in which we measured their
ability to describe remote outdoor scenes many miles from their physical
location. Finally, we conducted preliminary tests using electroencephalo-
grams (EEG), in which subjects were asked to perceive whether a remote
Light was flashing, and to determine whether a subject could perceive the
presence of the light, even if only at a noncognitive level of awareness.
REMOTE PERCEPTION OF GRAPHIC MATERIAL
We describe here a series of experiments in paranormal perception
with a 27 year old Israeli subject, Uri Geller. In preliminary testing
Mr. Geller apparently demonstrated an ability to reproduce simple pictures
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(Iine drawings) which had been drawn and placed in opaque sealed envelopes
which Mr. Geller was not permitted to handle. However, since each of
the targets was known to at least one experimenter in the room with
Mr. Geller, it was not possible on the basis of the preliminary testing
to discriminate between Mr. Geller's direct perception of envelope contents
and perception via some mechanism involving the experimenters, whether
paranormal or subliminal.
Therefore, an experimental study was undertaken to examine the
phenomenon under conditions specifically designed to eliminate all
conventional information channels, overt or subliminal. This was accomplished
by separating Mr. Geller from both the target material and anyone knowledgeable
of the target material, as in the recent experiments by Musso and Granero.4
The first part of the study consisted of a series of thirteen separate
drawing experiments carried out over a seven day period. The thirteen-
experiment data set constitutes the entire set of consecutive experiments
carried out in the time available for the study, with no experiments deleted.
The protocol for the experiments was as follows:
At the beginning
of the experiment either Mr. Geller or the experimenters entered a shielded
room so that from that time forward Mr. Geller was at all times visually,
acoustically, and electrically shielded from personnel and material at the
target location. Only following Mr. Geller's isolation from the experimenters
was a target chosen and drawn, a procedure designed to eliminate pre-
experiment cueing. The method of target selection involved random
procedures, such as randomly opening a dictionary and selecting the first
word describing an object that could reasonably be drawn. Furthermore,
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in order to eliminate the possibility of pre-experiment target forcing,
Mr. Geller was kept ignorant as to the identity of the person selecting
Lhe target and as to the method of target selection. Mr. Geller's task
was then to reproduce with pen on paper the line drawing being generated
by the experimenters at the target location. Following a period of effort
ranging from a few minutes to half an hour, Mr. Geller either passed
(when lie did not feel confident) or indicated he was ready to submit a
drawing to the experimenters, in which case the drawing was collected
before Mr. Geller was permitted to see the target.
In order to prevent sensory cueing of the target information,
Experiments 1 through 10 were carried out using a shielded room in SRI's
facility for EEG research. The degree of acoustic and visual isolation
provided for this experiment is that afforded by a double-walled steel
room, locked by means of an inner and outer door, each of which is secured
with a refrigerator-type, locking mechanism. The person inside the room
is continuously monitored by means of a one-way audio monitor. The
target picture was never discussed by the experimenters after the picture
was drawn or brought near the shielded room. In our detailed examination
of the shielded room and the protocol used in these experiments, no sensory
leakage has been found.
The conditions and results for the ten experiments carried out in the
shielded room are displayed in Table 1. As indicated in the Table, all
experiments, except Experiments 4 and 5, were conducted with Mr. Geller
closeted inside the shielded room. In Experiments 4 and 5, the procedure
was reversed--i.e., the target was located inside the shielded room, with
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written and debugged to provide on-line 5-second averages of EEG activity
in the theta, alpha, and beta bands. Discussions are now in progress
on experimental protocols to be employed in the utilization of this
facility.
EEG data taken prior to this program, but unanalyzed, has been
subjected to analysis in an effort to-determine whether a particular
protocol was a viable instrument for defining correlates of remote
perception. The description of the experiment and the results of the
analysis is given in the EEG section of a paper submitted for publication
to Nature, given here as Appendix I.
In an effort to determine the effects of motivation on
paranormal functioning, the following test procedure has been initiated.
One subject (P.P.) has completed 7075 trials on guessing the state of a
four-stage electronic random target generator without monetary reward
being associated with the scoring, and is now repeating the series with
a monetary reward scaled to scoring. Upon completion of the series,
the results will be analyzed to determine whether the difference between
scoring under the two conditions is significant. The reward system,
shown in Table 1, is scaled linearly with difficulty.
REWARD SYSTEM FOR SCORING ON 25-TRIAL RUN, P=1/4 PER TRIAL
Nr. hits/25-trial run,N
Prob. of at least N hits
Reward
10
0.071
$ 1
11
0.030
2
12
0.010
5
13
0.0034
12
14
0.00092
35
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TABLE 1. SUMLMARY: REMOTE PERCEPTION OF GRAPHIC MATERIAL
Experiment
Date
Geller Location
Tar
et Locatio
g
n
Target
Fi
ure
g
1
8/4/73
Shielded room ##1a
Adjacent room (4.1 m) b
Firecracker
2
8/4/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Grapes
3
8/5/73
Shielded room #1
Office (475 m)
Devil
4
8/5/73
Room adjacent to
Shielded room #1
Solar system
shielded room #1
(3.2 m)
5
8/6/73
Room adjacent to
Shielded room #1
No drawing
shielded room #1
(3.2 m)
6
8/7/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Tree
No drawing
7
8/7/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Envelope
No drawing
8
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Remote room (6.75 m)
Camel
le
9
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Bridge
If
10
8/8/73
Shielded room #1
Adjacent room (4.1 m)
Seagull
lg
11
8/9/73
Shielded room #2c
Computer (54 m)
Kite (computer CRT)
2a
12
8/10/73
Shielded room #2
Computer (54 m)
Church (computer
memory)
2b
13
8/10/73
Shielded room #2
Computer (54 m)
Arrow through heart
(computer CRT, zero
a EEG Facility shielded room (see text).
Perceiver-target distances measured in meters.
cSRI Radio Systems Laboratory shielded room (see
text).
intensity)
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Mr. (.H.Icr on the outside in an adjacent room. For those experiments in
which Mr. Geller was inside the shielded room, the target location was
in an adjacent room at a distance of about 4 meters, except for Experiments
3 and 8, in which the target locations were, respectively, an office at
a distance of 475 meters and a room clown the hall at a distance of about
7 meters.
In Experiment 1, the object drawn on the basis of random dictionary
selection was a firecracker, shown in Fig. l(a).
verbal response via the audio monitor was that he saw "a cylinder with
noise coming out of it." Ile made two responses to the target, also shown
Lu Fig. 1(a).
In Experiment 2, the target--also chosen by random dictionary selection--
was a cluster of grapes. Mr. Geller said that he was quite certain that
he had the picture. Both the target picture and Mr. Geller's response
have 24 grapes in the cluster (Fig. l(b)).
In Experiment 3, Mr. Geller was locked in the shielded room with one
experimenter outside as a monitor while the target was drawn in another
building 475 meters away. The target, again randomly selected from the
dictionary, was a devil (Fig. l(c)). Mr. Geller spent 30 minutes on his
drawing and expressed considerable difficulty in getting the target. The
results are interesting from the standpoint of possible insight into the
process that they provide. His drawings consisted of representations of
Biblical symbology, including the "Moses tablets," an apple with a worm,
a snake, and a concluding composite picture with the tablets on top of
the world and the trident outside. Of these only the trident corresponds
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d.i.rectIy to yin eleIniL in the target drawing. One is led to speculate that
the Biblical elements in these three drawings are perhaps associational
material triggered by the target.
The target picture for Experiment 4 was drawn by an experimenter
while he was inside the shielded room,with Mr. Geller outside the room
with another experimenter. In this case the target (Fig. l(d)) was a
representation of the solar system. Mr. Geller's response to the target
while outside the room coincides quite well with the target drawing.
In Experiment 5, the person-to-person link was eliminated by arranging
for a scientist outside the usual experimental group to draw a picture,
lock it in the shielded room before Mr. Geller's arrival at SRI, and
leave the area. Mr. Geller was then led by the experimenters to the
shielded room and asked to draw the picture inside the room. He said that
he got no clear impression and therefore did not submit a drawing. The
elimination of the person-to-person link was examined further in the
second series of experiments with this subject, which is described later.
Experiments 6 and 7 were carried out while we recorded Mr. Geller's
EEG during his efforts to perceive the target pictures. The target pictures
were, respectively, a tree and an envelope. He found it difficult to hold
adequately still for good EEG records, said that the experienced difficulty
in getting impressions of the targets, and again submitted no drawings.
For Experiment 8, the target picture was a camel and Mr. Geller's
response was a horse (Fig. 1(e)). In Experiment 9, the target was a bridge.
Mr. Geller's drawing bears some resemblance to the target (Fig. l(f)), but
before seeing the target picture he stated that he did not know what the
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At the beginning of Experiment 1.0, Mr. Geller expressed extreme
confidence and entered the shielded room. The target then chosen for
Experiment 1.0 was a bird in flight. Mr. Geller said almost immediately,
via the audio monitor in the shielded room, that he saw a swan flying over
a hill and that he was sure that his drawing was -correct (Fig. 1.(g)).
Experiments 11 through 13 were carried out in SRI's Engineering
Building, to make use of the computer. facilities available there. For
these experiments, Mr. Geller was secured in a double-walled, copper-screen
Faraday cage 54 meters down the hall and around the corner from the
computer room._F
For Experiment 11, a picture of a kite was drawn by one of the
experimenters on the face of a cathode ray tube display screen, driven
by the computer's graphics program. Mr. Geller's response, shown in
Fig. 2(a), was a square with diagonals.
For Experiment 12, a picture of a church was drawn and stored in the
memory of the computer. Mr. Geller's responses are shown in the drawings
of Fig. 2(b). Although his responses have some elements in common with
the target drawing, he did not recognize the target as a church.
In Experiment 13, the target drawing, an arrow through a heart (Fig. 2(c)),
was drawn on the face of the cathode ray tube and then the display intensity
was turned off so that no picture was visible. Mr. Geller immediately
The Faraday cage provides 120 dB attenuation for plane wave radio frequency
radiation over a range of 15 KJIz to I GHz. For magnetic fields the attenuation
is 68 dB at 15 KHz and decreases to 3 dB at 60 Hz.
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drew an arrow under a rectangle and then drew another arrow inside a suit-
case, which he considered a better representation of the target.
To obtain an independent evaluation of the correlation between target
and response data, the experimenters submitted the data for judging on a
"blind" basis by two SRI scientists who were not otherwise associated
with the research. For the ten cases in which Mr. Geller provided a
response, the judges were asked to match the response data with the
corresponding target data (without replacement). In those cases in which
Mr. Geller made more than one drawing as his response to the target, all
the drawings were combined as a set for judging. The two judges each
matched the target data to the response data with no error. For either
judge such a correspondence has an a priori probability, under the null
Hypothesis of no information channel, of p = (10!)-1 'ti 3 x 10-7.
The quality of match between target and response in certain cases,
together with the overall probability of matching obtained by the judges,
constitute strong evidence for the existence of a potentially useful
information channel.
A second series of experiments was carried out to determine whether
direct perception of envelope contents was possible without some person
knowing of the target picture.
One hundred target pictures of everyday objects were drawn by an SRI
artist and sealed by other SRI personnel in double envelopes containing
black cardboard. The hundred targets were divided randomly into groups
of 20 for use in each of the three clays' experiments.
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On each of the three clays of these experiments, Mr. Geller passed.
That is, he declined to associate any envelope. with a drawing that he made.
On each day he made approximately 12 recognizable drawings, which he felt
were associated with the entire target pool of 100. He seemed to be
disturbed by the existence of such a large target pool. On each of the
three days, two of his drawings could reasonably be associated
with two of the 20 daily targets. On the third day, two of his drawings
were very close replications of two of that day's target pictures. We
consider that the drawings resulting from this experiment do not depart
significantly from what would be expected by chance, which appeared to
be Mr. Geller's conclusion also, leading to passes on his part.
Thus, it would appear that eliminating a person knowledgeable of the
target degrades the quality of the information channel. However, based
on Mr. Geller's subjective impression, there is also the possibility that
advance preparation of a large target pool, in comparison with single
target preparation,results in cross talk--i.e., diffuses the identity of
the target.
In a simpler experiment Mr. Geller was successful in obtaining
information in which no persons were knowledgeable of the target. A double
blind experiment was performed in which a single die was placed in a small
steel box. The box was then vigorously shaken by one of the experimenters
and placed on the table. The orientation of the die within the box was
unknown to the experimenters at that time. Mr. Geller would then write
down his perception as to which die face was uppermost. Thus, in this
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case the target pool was known, but the targets were individually prepared
in a manner blind to all persons involved in the experiment. This experi-
ment was performed ten times, with Mr. Geller passing twice and giving a
response eight times. In the eight times in which he gave a response,
lie was correct each time.t The probability of this occurring by chance
is approximately one in a million,(1/6)8.
To summarize the work with Mr. Geller,5 we observe that in certain
situations significant information transmission can take place under
shielded conditions. Factors which appear to be important and therefore
candidates for future investigation include whether the subject knows the
set of targets in the target pool, the actual number of targets in the
target pool at any given time, and whether the target is known by any of
the experimenters.
REMOTE VIEWING OF NATURAL TARGETS
In experiments carried out in our program to investigate the abilities
of a New York artist, Mr. Ingo Swann, he expressed the opinion that the
insights gained during experiments at SRI had strengthened his ability to
view remote locations that had been researched before he joined the SRI
program. 6
To test Mr. Swann's assertion, a pilot study was set up in which a
TThe distribution of responses consisted of three 2s, one 4, two 5s, and
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series of targets from around the globe were supplied to the experimenters
by SRI personnel on a double-blind basis. In our estimation, Mr. Swann's
ability to describe correctly details of buildings, roads, bridges, and
the like indicated that he could perceive remote locations, sometimes in
great detail, given only their geographic latitude and longitude. Thus,
we considered the descriptions were sufficiently accurate to warrant our
setting up a research program in remote viewing.
We present here the results of a remote viewing experiment, carried
out with a second subject in the remote viewing program, Mr. Pat Price,
a former California police commissioner and city councilman. This experi-
ment consisted of a series of double-blind, demonstration-of-ability tests
involving local targets in the San Francisco Bay area which could be
documented by several independent judges. We planned the experiment
considering that natural geographical places or man-made sites that have
existed for a long time are more potent targets for paranormal perception
experiments than are artificial targets prepared in the laboratory. This
is based on the opinions of Mr. Swann and Mr. Price that the use of
artificial targets involves a "trivialization of the ability" as compared
with natural. pre-existing targets.
In each of nine experiments involving Mr. Price as remote-viewing
subject and SRI experimenters as a target demarcation team, a remote
location was chosen in a double-blind protocol. Mr. Price, who remained
at SRI, was asked to describe this remote location, as well as whatever
activities might be going on there.
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Data from the nine experiments are presented in the following para-
graphs. Final judging indicated that several descriptions yielded
significantly correct data pertaining to and descriptive of the target
locution.
REMOTE, VIEWING PROTOCOL
in the nine double-blind remote-viewing experiments, the following
procedures were used. An experimenter was closeted with Mr. Price at
SRI co wait 30 minutes to begin the narrative description of the remote
location. The SRI locations from which the subject viewed the remote
locations consisted of an outdoor park (Experiments 1,2), the double-walled
copper-screen Faraday cage discussed earlier (Experiments 3, 4, 6-9), and
an office (Experiment 5).
A second experimenter would then obtain a target location from an
individual in SRI management, the director of the Information Science and
Engineering Division, not otherwise associated with the experiment. This
location was either in the form of traveling orders previously prepared,
sealed, and randomized by the target selecter (Experiments 1, 2, 5, 6),
or by his driving the target demarcation team to the target himself without
any written indication (Experiments 3, 4, 7-9). The set of targets was
chosen from a target-rich environment by asking the selector to use his
judgment in providing a set of nine target locations which were clearly
differentiated from each other and within thirty minutes driving time
from SRI. In all cases, the target demarcation team proceeded directly
to the target by automobile without communicating with the subject
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 Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000700100004-2
or experimenters remaining behind. Since the experimenter remaining with
the subjee'L at SRI was in ignorance both as to the particular target and
also as to the target pool, he was free to question Price to clarify his
descriptions. The demarcation team then remained at the target site for
an agreed-upon thirty minute period following the thirty minutes allotted
for travel. During the observation period, the remote-viewing subject
would describe his impressions of the target site into a tape recorder.
A comparison was then made when the demarcation team returned. To represent
best the detail and style of these narratives, we have included the entire
unedited text of one of the better narratives containing very few incorrect
statements, Experiment 7, in an appendix.
In general, the descriptions contained inaccuracies as well as correct
statements. To obtain a numerical evaluation of the accuracy of the remote
viewing experiment, the nine original target locations were subjected to
independent judging on a`blind basis by five SRI scientists who were not
otherwise associated with the research. The judges were asked to match
the nine locations, which they independently visited, against the typed
manuscripts of the tape-recorded narratives of the remote viewer. The
transcripts were unlabeled and presented in random order. The judges
were asked to find a narrative which they would consider the best match
for each of the places they visited. A given narrative could be assigned
to more than one target location. The hypothesis is that the judges,
when asked to match the actual targets with the transcripts, would place
the actual target in the most favored category more often than they
would be expected to by chance. Table 2 shows the distribution of the
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