JPRS ID: 9785 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 115
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 24
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R004400064024-5
FOR Ob'F'I('IAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/ 10047
13 Octob~r 1981
USSR Re ort
p
SPACE
(FOUO 4/81)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVIC~:
FOR OFF[C[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000440060024-5
NOTE
_ JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
- are supplied b~ JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [ExcerptJ in the first line of each item, or following the
i last line of a brief, indicate how the original informa.tion was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transiiterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
- cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
~
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWi~1ERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSE~tINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONI,Y.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400400060024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS I,/10047
13 October 1981
USSR REPORT
- SPACE
(FOUO 4/81)
CONTENTS
MANNED MISSION HIGHLIGHTS ,
Monograph by Nikolayev on Cosmonaut Training and Spaceflight 1
Monograph on Manned Flights in 'Intercosmos' Program . . . . . . . . . . 4
~aentieth Anniversary of Gagarin's Flight: A Collection of Articles 7
SPACE SCIENCES
Franco-Soviet Arcad-3 Magnetosphere Experi,ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Extremality, Stability and Resonance in Astrodynamics and
CosmonautiCS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ � � � � � � � � � � � + � � � � � � � � � � 15
Space Research in the Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . . 18
Man and Soace Astronavigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
INTERPLANETARY SCIFNCES
Monograph on Development of Interplanetary Stations. . . . . . . . . . . 30
Geodynamics and Astrometry: Principles, Methods, Res,il~s. 33
LIFE SCIENCES
Monograph on Possibility of Extra-Terrestrial Life . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Rats' Reactions to Behavioral Tasks Differing in Difficulty After
Flight Aboard 'Cosmos-782' Biosatellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
- a- [III - L'~SR - 21L S&T FOUO]
FlIA (1FFi~"T I1SF. nNi.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400400060024-5
FOR OFFiC1AL USE ONLY
SPACE ENGINEERING
Adaptive Algorithms for Controlling Descent of Space Vehicle With
High Aerodynamic Quality Into Earth's Atmosphere . . . . . . . ~ . ~ 47
Tests of Space Electric Rocket Propulsion Systems. . . , . . . ~ ~ . . 58
Liquid-Fueled Rocket Engines . . . . ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ . , ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (7
Control of Space Vehicles. . . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 72
Study of Lunar Soil. . . . ~ . ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . 74
SPACE APPLICATIONS
- Satellite Oceanography . . . . ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
' Soyuz-22' Studies Earth . . . . . , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ 82
~ Aerospace Methods of Studying Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 91
- Using Aerospace Information To Investigate Land Waters 96
Device for Dynamic Analysis of Multizonal Images . . . . . . . . . . . 99
SPACE POLICY & ADMINISTRATION
'AIR & COSMOS~ on Possible Soviet Lunar Program for 1980's 101
_ 'AIR & COSMOS' on Possibility of Soviet Mars-Venus Flights 107
-b-
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040400064024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONT.Y
MANNED MISSION HIGHLIG'~iTS
MONOGF,APH BY NIKOLAYEV ON COSMONAL'T TRAINING AND SPACEFLIGHT
' Moscow KOSMOS --.UOROGA BEZ KbNTSA in Russ3;an 1979 (s~.gned to press ZQ Ju1 79)
' p~, 2-5, 240
[Nnnotation, ~oreword for second edition and table of contents from book~'Space--
a Road Without End", by Andriyan Grigor'yevich Nikolayev, maj gen avn, pilot-
cosmonaut of the USSR, twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union,
("Lyudi i kosmos" [People and SpaceJ series, Book 3), 2d edition, enlarged,
Izdatel'stvo "Molodaya gvardiya", 100,000 copies, 240 pages, illustrated]
(Text] This pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Major General in Aviation, who was
awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet ';nion twice, tells in his book about the
training of cosmonauts for long-term flights in space, about his flights ahoard
Vustok and Soyuz spacecraft, about the work of the crews of spacecraft and
~tations in orbit. Tn the final chapter, the author has a conversation with the
reader about a new occupation, that of cosmonaut. The first edition of this book
was awarded first prize i*_: the competition imeni N. Ostrovskiy.
Foreword for Second Edition
Time is passing uncontrollably and intensively. It would appear that it was not
so long ago that we were admiring the flight of the world's first artificial
earth satellite, and now the third decade of the space age has begun.... A new
generation of people has grown up. The boys and girls who were born the year
of the launching of the first satellite have graduated from school and have
started on the broad, work-filled path of life.... Our manned cosmonautics has
also traveled over an enormous road in these years: From the world's first
space voyage of Yuriy Gagarin, which lasted 1Q8 minutes, to the many months of
work in orbit of Vladimir Lyakhov and Valeriy Ryumin. From the fix~t Vostok
spacecraft tc orbital laboratory-stations, outfitted with thousands of unique
instruments, complicated units, scientific research equipment, that could be
envied by ground-based scientific institutions. From the first visual observa-
tions of earth's surface to in-depth scientific research and experiments that
are conducted in orbit in the areas of astronomy and meteorology, geodesy and
cartography, geology and hydrology, medicine and, finally, industrial technology.
In the 18 years of manned cosmonautics more Chan 90 people have been i~ space:
- 45 Soviet cosmonauts, 43 American astronauts, 1 cosmonaut each from CSSR,
Poland, GDR and the Pe~ple's Republir_ of Bulgaria. The total time spent by
people in space is more than 5 years.
~ 1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400060024-5
- FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
Eacti space flight is unique and inimitable. When telling about any flight, one
can boldly use the term, "for the first time." Each Plight adds something new
to the development of cosmonauts, and makes it possible to take one more step.
_ Yuriy Alekseyevich Gagarin performed the first space flight in the history of man~
kind. He proved that man could live and work in space. German Titov was the
first to make a 1-day flight in earth's orbit. Pave1 Popovich and T were the
first to make a group flight in two spacecraft. Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova
was the first woman to fly in space. Valeriy Bykovskiy was the first to fly for
- S days. The crew of Voskhod, consisting of Vladimir Komarov, Konstantin Feoktistov
and Boris Yegorov, were the first to test a multipassenger spacecraft, and for the
first time, a scientist-cosmonaut and physician-cosmonaut flew in space together
with the pilot-cosmonaut. Aleksey Leonov was the first man to exit from a
spacecraft in orbit and engage in extravehicular activity, Neil Armstrong and
Edwin Aldrin were the first American astronauts to step on the surface of eartfl's
natural satellite, the moon. For the first time, an international experiment
was conducted on the ASTP program, etc., etc.
Today, as we tell about the new space flights, we use, again and again, these
words, "for the first time." When the Salyut-6 was put in orbit with two docking
units, the orbital station was serviced simultaneously by two crews for the
first time. For the first time, vital products, new instruments, spare parts and
fuel were delivered to the station by a space "truck." For the first time, inter-
national crews consisting of pilot-cosm~nauts of the USSR and socialist countries
(CSSR, Poland, GDR, People's Republic of Bulgaria) departed to work in space....
And we could continue on with this list of what has been done for the first time.
However, many elements of space flights are also typical, repeated from flight to
flight. Al1 cosmonauts undergo rather lengthy training for flights. Waiting
for a scheduled lift-off is exciting for everyone. The cosmonauts experience
abut the same sensations at the moment of lift-off and irisertion of a spacecraft
into orbit. We all have to work in space under the same conditions of long-
term exposure to weightlessness, the small cabin or station, without direct
~ontact with the rest of the people. Each of us cosmonauts, who have worked for
a long time in orbit, must undergo a ratt~er lengthy and difficult readaptation pro-
cess, i.e., readjustment to conditions on the ground, to earth's gravity.
It is about these elements in common, inherent to any space flight, that I should
like to talk in my book.
Its first edition was published 5 years a~o. A received an enormous number of
tt~ank-you letters from young (and not only young) readers.
, At the request of the "Molodaya gvardiya" publishing house, I have prepared a new
edition. T.here have been so many events, pertaining to the exploration and
exploitation of space in 5 years, that I have had to enlarge the book with new
data and reinterpret the experience gained through the flights.
Much of what I wrote about hypothetically 5 years ago has now become reality.
Aad it will always be so. Cosmonautics will never stop in its aspirations for
new deeds. For expressly this reason, I called my book "Space--a Road Without
End."
2
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400060024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Contents Page
Foreword for Second Edition 3
Part 1. Before Lift-Off 6
Part 2. In Orbit 97
Part 3. Back on Native Land 1$$
The Cosmonaut Professior. and Its Distinctions 233
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Molodaya gvardiya", 1979
10,657
CSO: 1866/999 .
- 3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040400064024-5
FOR OFFiCIAL USE ONLY
UDC: 629.78
MONOGRAPH ON MANNED FLIGHiS IN 'INTERCOSMOS' PROGR6IM
Moscow KOSMICHESKOYE SODRUZHESTVO ir. Russian 1980 (signed to press 28 Mar 8~)
pp 4, 181
[Annotation and table of con~ents from book "Collaboration in Space" by V. A.
Alekseyev, L. A. Gorshkov, A. A. Yeremenko and A. V. Tk~chev, Izdatel'stvo
"Mashinostroyeniye", 30,000 copies, 181 pages, illustrated]
_ ~Text] This book deals with one of the most important directions of collaboration
of soc~alist nations in the s~udy and use of space for peaceful purposes on
the In[e~cosmos program of manned flights by international crews. The reader will
_ find here information about the equipment developed in the Soviet Union and
used during the flights of the space crews on the Intercosmos program.
The book chronicles the flights of space crews consisting of Soviet cosmonauts and
cosmonauts from CSSR, the Polish People's Republic, GDR and People's Republic of
Bulgaria; it tells about the scientific technological experimental studies con- ~
ducted on joint programs. The significance and prospects of international
~ollabor2tion in the field of manned space flights are demonstrated.
This book is intended for a wide circle of readers.
Contents Page
Foreword (A. S. Yeliseyev) 5
1. Earth--Orbital Salyut-6--Soyuz--Progress Complex 7
The Salyut-6--Soyuz--Progress orbital complex 10
Salyut-6 orbital station 10
System of material and technical supply and servicing for
the Salyut-o station 16
Manned Soyuz spacecraft 17
Automatic Progress spacecraft 20
, Carrier rocket for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft 20
Ground-based equipment for preparing and supporting space flights 21
The Baykonur spaceport 21
Command and measuring complex 25
Mission control center 26
Searr_h and rescue complex 28
Center imeni Yu. A. Gagarin for cosmonaut training 29
" 4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400460024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2. First International Crew in Orbit 3~,
2 March. Lift-off of first internat~ona,l crew 32
3 March. Docking accomplished! 35
'Chl.orella' experiment 37
4 March. Routine work--research and experiments 38
'Mc,rava' experimenr. 38
'Interrogation' experiment 39
5 March. Press conference in orbit 40
'Oxygen' experiment 40
6 March. Observation of stars and earth 43
'Extinction' experiment 43
7 March. In the interests of science and the national economy 44�
'Heat transfer-2' experiment 45
8 March. Day of active rest 45
9 March. Preparations for the return trip 46
10 March. Voyage completed ~+6
3. Second International Crew in Orbit 61
27 June. Second international crew in orbit 63
28 June. Salyut-6--Soyuz-29--Soyuz-30 complex in fZight 64
29 June. First investigations 65
'Oxygen' experiment 65
30 June. Medical experiments 66
'Cardiac leader' experiment 67
'Interrogation' experiment 67
1 July. Another day of inedicine 69
'Heat transfer-~2' experiment 69
'Gustation' experiment 69
- 2-3 Jul. Close up of earth 70
4 July. Crew gets ready for the finish line 70 .
5 July. Second international crew on earth 70
4. Third International Crew in Orbit 83
26 August. The third international crew lifts off 84
27 August. International crew on the station 86
28 August. 'Start' of scientific program 88
'Berolina' experiment 89
'Tissue culture' experiment 90
'Linkage of microorganisms' experiment 90
- 'Growth of microorganisms' experiment 91
'Bacterial metabolism' experiment 9I '
'Reporter' ex~eriment 91
29 August. Experiments continu~ 4~
'Time' and 'Interrogation' experiments 92
30-31 Aug. Earth in the lens 95
'Audio' experiment 95
'Gustation' experiment 96
'Photographing earth,' 'Polarization,' 'B,iosphere' and
'Aurora borealis' experiments 96
'Polarization' 98
'Biosphere' 99
'Aurora borealis' 100
1-2 Sep. Compl~tion of scientific program 100
'Speech,' 'Leisure time [recreation~,' 'Cardiac leader,' 'Ox.ygen! 101
3 Sep. Return from orbit 102
End of second main mission 5 1Q6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
S. Fourth International Crew in Orbit 113
10 April. Fourth international crew in space 116
_ 11 April. Encounter with the unexpected 118
12 April. Night landing 119
24 Aprii. Cosmonauts in Zvezdnyy 120
- End of second main mission 122
Graphics L29
Epilogue 180
CCPYRIGHT: izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye", 1980
10,657
CSO: 1866/999
I
6 ,
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400460024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF GAGARIN~S FLIGHT: A COLLECTION OF ARTICLE'S.
Moscow 20 LET POLETU GAGARINA: SBORNIK STATEY in Russian 1981 (,sigr~~er~ to press
23 Mar 81) pp 2-7, 64
[Annotation, compiler's note and table of contents from btia~C " Twex?tieth Anniversary
of Gagarin's Flight: A Collection of Articles", compiled by V~.adiznir Iasifovich
Prishchepa ("News in Life, Science and Technology." "Cosmonautics,and Astro~nomy"
- series, No 4), Izdatel'stvo "Znaniye", 28,640 copies, 64 pages]
[Text] This collection is dedicated to tre 20th anni~versary of an outstanding
event in the history of mankind, the first flight i~to space made ~y Yu. A.
Gagarin. The articles it contains tell about the role of S. P. I~orolev in pre-
parations and performance of the first flight into space, the history of estab-
lishment of the Cosmonaut Training Center, inceptio~n and development of space
medicine, a discipline whose history is inseparably linked with manned space flights.
This pamphlet is intended for lecturers, propagandists and a broad circle of readers.
Compiler's Note
On 12 April 1961, history's first manned flight into space was initiated in the
Soviet Union. ~he spacecraft, Vostok, with pilot-cosmonaut Yu. A. Gagarin on
board, entered into a near-earth orbit.
The spacecraft, which weighed 4725 kg, was launched from the Baykonur spaceport
at 0907 hours Moscow time; it attained an orbit at an altitude of 181 km in perigee
and 327 km in apogee, with an inclination of 64�57'. Throughout the period of
injection of the spacecraft, the cosmonaut was in radio telephone communicar.ion
with the ground-based mission control center. He disttnctly confirmed the times
when G forces changed, separation of carrier rocket stages and, after e;;ection of
the nose cone, he reported his first observations of earth from space.
After insertion into orbit, a state of weightlessness appeared, and the cosmonaut
- soon adjusted to it. The entire flight program, wYich included inonitoring the
instruments and equipment of the spacecraft, observation of earth and the stars,
as well as intake of food and water, was accomplished by Yu. A. Gagarin. He re-
_ ported the results of his work to earth, entered them in the log anc~ recorded them
on tape. At 1015 hours, when Vostok was approaching Africa, the cosmonaut reported
that all systems were operating well and the automatic systems of the spacecraft
issued the command to pr~pare for lar[ding. Ten minutes later, the rocket brakes were
7
FOR OFF[CIAL USE OMLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5
FOR OFFICIAY. USE ONLY
_ applied, the spacecraft moved into the descent tra~ectory, and the descent module
with the cosmonaut separated from it. Yu. A. Gagarin landed on USSR soil at
1055 hours.
The fiz~st manned space flight lasted 108 min, and these minutes shook the world. The
address to the Soviet people, to the people and governments of all nations, made
by the Central Committee of the CPSU, presi~ium of the USSR Supreme Soviet and
, Soviet government stated that the flight of Yu. A. Gagarin is an unprecedented
victory of mankind, the greatest scientific technological achievement and represen-
tation of the powerful force of socialism. The feat of the .first cosmonaut became
the feat of our entire people, the outstanding result of seltless years of work
by large teams of scientists, designers, testers, engineers, te~hnicians and blue-
collar workers..
~
_ Let us reca]_1 tiie main events directly preceding that notable day in April. In
the middle of 1946, the party and government made the historical decision of
developing a powerful rocket-building industry in our country, for which large
funds, material and manpower were allocated. Withir. a short period of time,
- existing scientific rPSearch institutes, designer bureaus, plants and testing
sites were expanded and new ones produced; the institutes of the USSR Academy of
Sciences and other scientific centers were involved in solving the problems.
Through the joint efforts of all these organizations, a guided ballistic rocket
with a range of several hundred kilometers was developed in the USSR In the late
1940's.
::ihh-altitude geophysical rockets outfitted with scientific equipment were developed
on its basis. A program of research on r_he upper layers of the atmosphere started
to be implemented with their use starting in 1949. Soon after this, in 1951, the
first rocket with living things--two experimental dogs--was launched.
In 1955, it c~as decided to build a new testing site in the Kazakhstan steppes,
- the future Baykpnur, for launching high-power rockets. On 21 August 1957, there
~a~is a successful launching of a ballistic rocket with a range of several thousand
~:ilometers. On 4 October of the same year, the world's first artificial earth
satellite, which inaugurated th~ space era of ti~e history of mankind, was
launched, in the form of a modified variant of that two-stage rocket, which was
named Sputnik.
This launch confirmed the validity of solutions to such problems of space flight
a5 creating a sturdy and light construction of the carrier rocket, high-power
energy-effi.cient liquid-propellant rocket engines, developing compact precision
systems for controlling the flight, etc. The USSR Academy of Sciences mentioned
the special role of S. P. Korolev--chief designer of space rocket systems, V. P.
Glushko--chief designer of rocket engines, and N. A. Pilyugin--chief designer of
carrier rocket control systems, in solving the above proble:.-. The first gold
_ medals imeni K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, "For Outstanding Work in the Field of Inter-
planetary Travel," were bestowed upon them.
After the first, "simplest satellite," an experimental dog was delivered into
near-earth orbit on the second satellite, in 1957, In this experiment, some
valuable data were obtained on the effects of long-term weightlessness and other
- space flight factors on a living organism. At the start of 1960, there were
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00854R400404060024-5
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
already several artificial earth satellites and automatic statioas in space. Everyone
- waited for man to go there.
The launching into space of man, rather tnan an automatic vehicle, required solving
several cardinal problems. It was necessary to assure the cosn~onaut's safety in
_ case of malfunction of carrier rocket systems, to protect him against the environ-
- ment and assure normal vital functions in orbital flight, relisble operation of
, equipment in space and, finally, a safe descent of the spacecraft in a specified
region to return to earth. In the course of solving all these problems, five
satellite spacecraft were launched into space, in four of which there were dogs
and other experimental beings,
These satellites were launched with a modified Sputnik carrier rocket with an
additional, third stage (.subsequently, this three-stage varfant of the carrier
rocket was named Vostok}. The liquid-propellant rocket engine in this stage was
developed in the experimental design office of S. A. Kosberg. The retrofire
" rocket [engineJ designed in the experimental design office of A. M. Isayev was
used to return the spacecrafts from near-earth orbit to the descent trajectory.
In 1959, before launching the sallites, work began on the screening and training
_ of the first crews for manned spacecraft. The pilot, Yu. A. Gagarin, who had
graduated from a military flying school in 1957, was among the many thousands
of cosomonaut candidates. It was his fate to be the first man to rise into space.
This pamphlet, which is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the flight of
Yu. A. Gagarin, consists of articles by four Soviet specialists who were directly
involved in preparations for this flight. The collection begins with the article
of B. V. Raushenbakh, a prominent scientist in the field of cosmonautics, who
specializes in control of carrier rockets and space vehicles. Demonstrating the
outstanding creative contribution of S. P. Korolev to the solution of the problem
of manned space flights, this author also shed light on the main technical prob-
lems that had to be solvec: by Soviet scientists and engineers, the developers of
space rocket technoiogy.
The second article was written by Ye. A. Karpov, one of the first organizers and
first head of the Cosmonaut Training Center. This article, which is written in
the form of a lively story, gives us an idea about the "routine" difficulties
that were encountered in creating this center, in screening and training the first
cosmonauts, and how these people came to be.
The collection ends with the extensive article by N. N. Gurovskiy and A. D. Yegoro�v,
who witnessed Che inception and were among the first representatives of space
medicine. This article tells us about the development of ~this new branch of
science, which was born to ordinary terrestrial medicine and absorbed the advances
of the most diverse branches of natural science and engineering.
At the end of the pamphlet, there is a list of all of the manned space flights
made in the USSR. Starting with Yu. A. Gagarin, 4~ Soviet cosmonauts have been �
in space, and with them 7 cosmonauts from socialist nations. There have also
been 43 cosmonauts from the United States in space.* N. Armstrong, the first
earthling to step on the moon, in giving credit for the feat of Yu. A. Gagarin,
*These data apply up to 1 January 1981.
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040400064024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
wro~v tl~c fu.l.luwli~~; wur~ly lu th~~ "liuok of Memory~' at ttie museum in ttie vllla~;~
o� Zvezdnyy: "He called all of us into space!" This is a profoundly symbolic
statement.
- Very recently, our country made a new conquest in the exploration of space. The
Soviet cosmonauts, L. I. Popov and V. V. Ryumin were or. a flight that lasted 185
days. They worked for almost all of this time aboard the Salyut-6 orbital station,
_ which has been in earth's orbit for morz than 3 years. This station was guided into
space by the high-power three-stage Proton carrier rocket, which was developed
under the guidance of V. N. Chelomey.
A large volume of information was gained on natural resources of earth and the
environment in the course of ttie longest manned space flight. Considerable time
was spent on experiments on space materials technology, as well as astrophysical,
technical and biomedical experiments. The advances in exploration of space are a
substantial contribution to development of science and nationa~. economy of our
country, and they became a worthy gift for the 26th CPSU Congress.
The "Main Directions of Economic and Social Bevelopment of the USSR in 1981-1985 and
for the period up to 1990," approved by the 26th CPSU Congress, provide for con-
tinued investigation and development of space in the interests of science, techno-
logy and the national economy. Of course, manned space flights hold afl important
place in implementing this program. This is evidenced by the launching of
- Soviet cosmonauts right after conclusion of the 26th CPSU Congress, on the eve
- oF the 20th anniversary of the flight of Yu. A. Gagarin.
On 12 March, at 2200 hours Moscow time, Soyuz T-4 was launched into space, with
cosmonauts V. V. Kovalenok and V. P. Savinykh on board. After docking with the
_ Salyut-6 station, the cosmonauts started on the work watch of the llth Five-Year
Plan. And on 22 March, the eighth international crew was guided into orbit
around earth, aboard Soyuz-39, in accordance with the Intercosmos program, con-
sisting of V. A. Dzhanibekov (USSR) and Zhugderdemidiyn Gurragcha (Mongolian
People's Republic).
Contents Page
Compiler's Note 3
S. P. Korolev and Manned Space Fl~ights (B. V. Raushenbakh) g
On the History of Training the First Cosmonauts (Ye. A. Karpov) 22
Some Problems of Space Medicine (N. N. Gurovskiy, A. D. Yegorov) 37
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Znaniye", 1981
10,657
CSO: 1866/999
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400460024-5
~OR OFFI~'IAL USE ONLY
SP~CE SCIENCES
FRANCO-SOVIET ARCAD-3 MAGNETOSPHERE EXPERIMENTS ~
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French No 869, 18 Jul 81 pp 53-54
[Article by Pierre Langereux]
_ [Text] The Soviet Arcad-3 satellite, which is to be launched on or after 20 August,
by the USSR, is, up to now, the most ambitious production of Franco-Soviet coopera-
tion. This satellite, constructed and operated ~ointly by CNES [National Center
_ for Space Studies] and INTERCOSMOS, is intended for the Franco-Soviet ARCAD [Arctic
- Auroral Density] program for studying the physical phenomena of the polar magneto-
sphere at high latitude (60�) and especially the relationships between the atmos-
phere and the magnetosphere.
The Arcad-3 prograin, officially decided on in October 1974 at Kiev (USSR), was es-
tablished in Marseilles (France).. It is a continuation of the French Arcad~l and
2 experiments onboard Soviet Aureole-1 and 2 satellites, launched on 27 December
1971 and 26 December 1973, respectively, by the USSR. Arcad-3 was to be launched
originally in mid-1979, within the framework of the International Magnetosphere
Study (IMS), which took place from 1976 to 1979 with the launching of several sa-
tellites (GEOS-1 and 2, ISEE-1, 2 and 3), rocket probes (Subtorm, Ipocamp-3, Porcu-
pine programs) and stratospheric balloons (Sambo-2 program).
Arcad-3 is the first satellite actually produced jointly by the USSR and France,
which devoted 26 million francs to the operation.
It is a satellite in the "Soviet universal automatic stations" (AUOS) series
~ developed in two versions depending on the missions: the AUOS-T oriented toward
the e~rth and ~~he AUOS-S oriented toward the sun.
The AUOS-T satellite in the Arcad-3 program is a satellite stabilized on the three
axes by gravity gradient and magnetic anchoring, with two inertia wheels in addi-
_ tion. It weighs close to 1 ton, including 150 kilograms of scientific payload,
consisting for the most part (around 100 kilograms) of French equipment. This
equipment includes the scientific experiments, as well as important service equip-
ment: an infrared horizon sensor (SODERN) for altitude control, a CN2i~ ~nboard
computer (Crouzet) for controlling the satell.ite and a 136-megahertz te'_emetering
system (EEE) for direct transmission of data from the French experiments to France.
It is the first time that a Soviet satellite carries that kind of French equipment.
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400400060024-5
FOR l?FFICIAL USE UNLY
Arcad-3 is to conduct about 10 scientafic experiments determined by three French
laboratories--the Center for Study of Radiation in Space (CESR) in Toulouse, the
Environment Physical Research Center (CRPE) in Orleans and the External Geophysics
Laboratory (LGE) in Saint-Maur--in addition to two Soviet laboratories: the Space Re-
search Institute (IKI) in Moscow and the Magnetism and Atmosphere Institute
(IZMIRAN) in Moscow.
- Certain experiments are devoted to a study of charged particles (Spectro of CESR,
FON, Kukuchka and Pietschanka of the IKI) and in particular of electrons (Isoprobe
of the CRPE), ions and thermal plasma (Dyction of LGE). Others concern a study
of the magnetic and electrical fields of very low frequencies (TBF of CRPE, LGE
and IZMIRAN) and fluctuations of the magnetic field (TRAC of LGE and IKI), as well
as a photometric analysis of the aurora boreali s(ALTAIR of the IKI).
This is the first time that the payload of a Soviet satellite has been assembled
jointly and the integration of the complete satellite has been conducted jointly
by French and Soviet specialists, in France and in the USSR.
The Soviet satellite underwent space environment and electromagnetic compatibility
tests in 1979 and 1980 in the facilities of SOPEMEA in the Toulouse space center.
Tlie acceptance tests of the satellite were conducted primarily at Toulouse and Mos-
cow. Finally, the whole payload underwent detailed tests, in May 1981, in the IKI
before being incorporated in the satellite by the Kapustin-Yar space-launching site
near Volgograd by French and Soviet specialists. Next, Arcad-3 was sent to the
top secret north launching field, located near Plesetsk, at about 200 kilometers
from Arkhangelsk, where the launching will take place, because Arca1-3 is to be
placed in a 400-2,000-kilometer circular solar orbit, inclined 82.5� with a period
of 109 minutes. Then, the French teams will return to Moscow where they will re-
ceive magnetic tape recordings of the latest tests conducted at Plesetks where the
French are not admitted.
The satellite's life is nominally 6 months, including 1 month for acceptance and
5 months ior operation, which will be conducted jointly by France and the USSR for
the firat time. The remote-control programs will be prepared both in France on
a Cyber 170-750 computer (CDC) and in the USSR on a French Solar 1604 computer
- (CIMSA) and on a Soviet computer. Telemetry signal reception will also be handled
jointly by a network of eight stations distributed around the world. On this oc-
casion, the CNES is using the Toulouse (France) and the Kourou (French Guiana) sta-
tions, in addition to two stations in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
(TAAF) in Adelie Land (Antarctica) and on the Kerg'uelen Islands (Indian Ocean),
ar.d a station of the Norwegian Scientific and Industrial Research Council (NTNF)
- at Tromsoe. The USSR is furnishing three stations, respectively at Moscow
(IZMIRAN), Apatity (Kola Peninsula) and Norilsk and the foot of the Ponto~ana Moun-
tains (central Siberia). An agreement was also concluded between CNES and
INTERCOSMOS, in March 1979, to handle jointly operational processing of the scien-
tific data at Toulouse (CNES) and at Moscow (IKI and IZMIRAN).
12
FOR OFF'IC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400060024-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-40850R040400064024-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
? -
...-i-.. ~ .
` ~
� ~
- ~
`
- i \ ~
~ I
1
~ 'Y ' J
" 'k~ ' ~ '4i.
_ ; ~ ~ ;'g.aA
t~^� ~
~ ~ "Arcad 3~' saCellite being tested
y : _
- ~ in the CNES sinulator in
,
~ Toulouse.
t
v~':~
~ ~
~
~
i
~`2`'3, f~a~'~&~t ~
~ � 'b M�~~ `6 ~
>