JPRS ID: 9983 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400050033-6
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 33
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9983
14 September 1981
Latin Am~rica Re ort
p
cFo~~o 2~ia1~
~ FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST I~IFORMATION SERVICE
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. JPRS L/9983
].4 September 1981
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
(FOUO 21/81)
CONTENTS
COUNTRY SECTION
COSTA RICA .
- PVP Leader: Revolutionary Situation Exists Aere
(Eduardo Mora Va].verde Interview; BOAEMIA, 3 Jul 81)............ 1
CUBA
Malmierca Visit Ends; Mongolian Commun~.que
(PRELA, 19 Aug 81) 5
Castro Receives Message From al-~adhdhafi
(PREI~A, 22 Aug 81) 6
Purpose of Rendering of Accounts MEetings Redefined
(Susana Tesoro; BOHEMIA, 26 Jun 81) 7
Commentary Scores Repression in Uruguay
(Sara Arias; BOHEMIA, 26 Jun 81)......: 9
Increase in Advanced Science Degrees Noted ~
(H. Nunez Lemus; BOHEMIA, 26 Jun 81) 15
Research Done on Sugarcane Rust Problems
(Andres Rodriguez; BOHEMIA, 5 Jun 81) 24
SURINAME
'Anti-Imperialist Front' Supports Grenada ~ ,
(PRELA, 25 Aug 81) 25
- a [III - LA - 144 FOUO]
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COUNTRY SECTION COSTA RICA
PVP LFADER: REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION EXISTS HERE
Havana BOHEMIA in Spanish 3 Jul 81 pp 72-73
[Interview with Eduardo I~bra Valverde, assistant secretary general of the Popular
Vanguard Party, by Mario G. del Cueto, in Ha.vana, date not given]
[Text] It was not difficult to obtain an exclusive interview for BOHEMIA with
Fduardo Mora Valverde, assistant secretary general of the Popular Vanguard Party
of Costa Rica, the party of the Costa Rican communists. We had heard him in
_ Havana on 16 June on the occasion of the cammemoration of the 50th anniversary of
the founding of the PVP when he spoke on the origins of the organization, its in-
defatigable struggle against the imperialists and their domestic lackeys, its re-
iterated and constant support of the Cuban Revolution, the Nicaraguan and Grenadian
revolution, and the liberation processes that are setting the peoples of E1
Salvador and Guatemala free in a heroic gesture. Now he is with us, f ollaw3ng a
previously arranged appointment, to speak about his country, which is undergoing
an acute economic and social crisis as a result of its grawing dependence on
Yankee influence.
"We have a very complicated political situation," was his answer to our first ques-
tion, "because Costa Ri~ca is located in a region of great revolutionary activity.
The revolutionary process has moved to the Caribbean area and particularly to
Central America, and the Costa Rican bourgeoisie is extremely concerned, or rather
tormented, and the reactionary sectors are getting ready to adopt repressive
measures against the democratic movement. We are facing up to all these plans
and are daing everything possible tc~ prevent a bourgeois group headed by the chambers
of industries and businessmen and by old Costa Rican fascist cliques from taking
power. The reactionaries 3n Costa Rica lack important personalit~,~s~, there are old
freebo~ters who serve the imperialists. They have seized control of extreme right-
ist groups who are pushing 4thers towards arbitrary positions; such is the case of
former president Mario Echandi, who broke with Cuba in 1980 and is now trying to
obtain the presidential seat in:the February 1982 elections.
But the most serious problem is forei~ intervention in Costa Rica, U.S. capital
interferring quite directly through its police and intelligence bodies, namely,
the CIA. The revolutionary process developing throughout Central A~erica frightens
them out of their wits. The economic and social crisis Costa Rica is experiencing
- in this conte~ct is the most dramatic in its histoxy.
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[Question] How would you describe it?
[Answer] Well, SO percent of our exports renain abroad to pay interest charges
and principal on our fareign debt. T'hat means that we have a deficit of 50 per-
cent in our exports to begin with. We cannot pay for what we buy and the budget
must be balanced with inflated currency. Inflation in Costa Rica is auch that it
is noca close to 40 percent. The government cannot even cover one-third of the
bu3ger. This situation becomes worse each year and thus the crisis is extremely
serious. The reform parties that have alternated in po~wer--the National Liber-
- ation Party of Figueres and the one Luis Alberto Monge hopes to lead and the Unity
Party--have noth~ng to offer our people Ours is tre only solution, the United
People's Coalition camposed of the Costa Rican Socialist Party, the People`s Revo-
lutionary Movement, and the Popular Vanguard Party, with our profound revolutionary
changes. The bourgeoisie is in serious trouble. And that is the situation we
meant, one that is developing the subjective conditions for revolution. The people
are organizing; the United Workers' Central is being created; the peasants are oc-
cupying lands; they are creating their own labor union; the students are fighting
in their campuses and are taking aver student organizations; they are taking the
initiative; the towns, cammunities, the neighborhoods are organizing; they are
blocking streets; they are demanding housing; demanding water; demanding better
living conditions; the workers and goveznment employees are dema.nding wage increases;
farmworkers are going on strike, supported by the peasants; worker-peasant uni.ty is
being created; the leftist politiaal parties are growing, they unite, and form the
United People's Coalition. The most interesting thing in this phenomenon is that
other sectors not involved with the Left are drawing close to the United People;
they are anti-imperialists who do not want socialism but a process simi'lar to
Nicaragua's; they want an independent and sovereign nation and they hope to
strengthen the democratic system, to give it deeper roots, to make it ma.ter~
~_alize.... I would say there is a revolutionary situation in Costa Rica."
With regards to the recent agreements with the International Monetary Fund, which
constitute humiliating submission to foreign capital, Nbra said that the Costa
Rican crisis is so serious that the U.S. House of Representatives, without wait-
ing for a request from the Government of Costa Rica, resolved to offer $35 million
in "aid" to the domestic bourgeoisie. "~his aid was offered to neutralize what
they term the beginning of terrorist actions. In other words, if Costa Rica pre-
viously represented for them a stable system, naw, according to them, it has lost
that tranquility. And what has happened is that the people have raised their level
~f organization and prospects are increasingly better for the incorporation of new
5ectors in the anti-imperialist sCruggle. Naw imperialism is turning to its instru-
,~~ents of economic repression, and the International Monetary Fund has come to the
~_d of the local bourgeoisie."
`.~t us see how the IMF operates:
~ is known," Mora continued, "according to IMF statutes no more tha.n 125 percent
country's quota in the Fund can be loaned to it. Costa R;ica has a quota of
" million and the most it could expect would be $41 million. The IMF has always
very st~ict in this, very stingy; it gives much less than a country has a right
c~~~ -zquest; on the other hand, it demands humiliating conditions. Well then, now
~~_ypears, for some reason, that the IMF is offering us not $41 million but $350
~;i?.'.~on. Why has it been so 'gsnerous'?' In addition, it gives us a guaran~ee so
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"that we can obtain_from its sister brtnk, the Reconstniction and Development Bank,
a like stmm and the chance to obtain more from other similar institutions. All
this could total a billion dollars. We diseo~ered and charged that among the
em~nitments entered into by the government with the IN~' was one of such despicable
character that even certain sectors of the bourgeoisie protested: that of break-
, ing relations with Cuba. There was an ir.dignant outcry because relations between
Cuba and Coata Rica have always been normal, friendly. The conditions imposed by
the IN~' affect the basic services of the country: education, public health, and
other important elements of social and economic welfare because the budget items
devoted to them have been drastically cut back."
For Mora there is something worse in the economic sphere.
"A mini Marshall Plan has been announced for Central America," he says. "Actually,
conditions in Europe at the time of the Marshall Plan, as a result of the Second
World War, are not comparable to Latin America at present. This plan should
really be called the Mini-Alliance for Progress, which we knaw failed because it
was aimed at isolating Cuba frc+m the .rest of Latin America. It was all, I repeat,
a complete failure. They were not evett able to invest the $20 billion they offered.
They cou~.d not stop the revolutionary process and the Alliance for Progress was
halted. And naw that revolutionary process has grawn, how it has grown: Besides
Cuba--the beacon and guide, led by Fidel and the party, we have revolutionary
- Nicaragua, a free Grenada, and the people of E1 Salvador and the people of Guatemala
who fight heroically to gain full independence from genocidal governments."
We spoke about repression.
"It is obvious," Mora emphasized, "that the policy is to increase repression. The
repressive organizations are improving their techaiques. So~ thing is happening
naw in Costa Rica that never happened before. When there are strikes, especially
aga.inst U.S. businesses, people are in~ured and even killed. Peasants are killed
during land seizures. This alarms us. We are ~truggling, denouncing, mobilizing.
Now, just before I came to Cuba, a bill was presented~proposing the mobilization
of watchmen who guard foreign and domestic companies and their incorporation into
the Civil Guard for the purpose of training them and leading them to kill. Fortun-
ately, the bill encountered strong resistance in the Legislative Assembly which we
headed as the Uaited People, and it failed. The minister of'security limit~ed him-
self to requesting a higher budget to strengthen the Civil Guard; but the intent
is to augnent and train the repressive organizatione."
With regard to Qlection prospects Mora believes it would be perhaps too early to
make predictions. He believes that the most reactionary candidates will be de-
feated to judge from the polls that have been taken
"rhe important thing," he says, "is not that the United People will win--although
naturally that would be welcome--but what should be ~mphasized is that the Unitec~
People, through the election process, will bring about a deep political conscious-
ness that will all.aw it to adopt new forms of struggle and gather around itself
broader sectors of the population, which will in turn strengthen it. Whoever wins
will have to ~ace a much more serious economic and social crisis. United People is
prepared for this.... As a party, we believe that we must use the po~.itiGal �~rms
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" "of struggle while they are still possible; but when it is necessary to turn to
armed struggle, we are ready to do so. Tk?e PVP will not betray its people. Back
in 1948, during the civil war, we used it. At present armed struggle in Central
~ America and the Caribbean is an incontestable fact. Each day the moment is grow-
ing closer when it will be necessary to resort to arms to expel the imperialists
from this part of the contirient. We have always foreseen it. The problem is to
have the right conditions. The forms of struggle are employed in accordance with
prevailing conditiona. We must not f~rget the principl~e established by Marx in
his discourse on political action by the working class. Ma.rx said that when it is
possible to take action against bourgeois governments in a peaceful manner,.that
is wh.at should be done, but when it becomes necessary, one must take up arms."
_ A fraternal embrace concludes the meeting alon~ with a greeting to his brother,
Manuel~ Mora Valverde, se~retary general and founder of the Popular Vanguard Party.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
9015
CSO: 3 910/ 1626
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
MALMIERCA VISIT ENDS; MONGOLIAN COMMUNIQUE
PA192354 Havana PRELA in English 1930 GMT 19 Aug 81 �
[Text] Ulan Bator, Aug 29 (PL)--Cuba and Mongalia rated Washington's decision
to produca neutron weapons and NATO's plan to deploy m3ddle-range missiles in
Western Europe as an extremely dangerous step for world peace.
In a joint communique on the official and friendly visit the Cuban foreign
minister made to Mongolia, both parties coincided in their assessment of the
international situation and underlined their full support to the peace :Lnitiat3ves
undertaken by the Soviet Union.
The document states that the political and mil3tary approachement between the
United States and China increases the threat to world peace and the security of
the national independence of the peoples of Asia, Latin America and other regions
of the world.
The two parties stated that the situa~ion has sharpened following the U.S. Govern-
ment decision to provide Seij:tng with offensive weapons.
Cuba and Mongolia are in favor of the stepping up of the coord3nated efforts and
actions by a11 the social3st coun~ries and all peac~-loving forces aimed at
strengthening the process of detente and the peaceful cooperation among the states.
The document also stressed the need to carry out continuous eff~rts so as to assure
the restructuration of the international economic relations upc;n fair and demo-
cratic bases.
In this regard, Cuba and Mongolia highlighted the importance of the speech de-
livered by the president of the Councils of State and ministers of Cuba, F3de1 Castro,
at the 34 session of the United Nations Gen eral Assembly as president of the
movement of nonalignment.
In the communique the two countries expressed their satisfaction for the steadfast
development of their friendly and cooperation relations based on the principles of
Marxism-Leninism and internationalism.
~
During the talks Isidoro Malmierca held with the foreign relations m.inisteY of the -
People's Republic of Mongolia, Manglyn Dugersuren, a collaboration grogram was signed
by the *_wo countries in the field of culture, science and education.for the
1981-85 Five Year Plan.
CSO: 3020/145
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
.
CASTRO RECEIVES MESSAGE FROM AL-QADHDHAFI
PA222000 Havana PRELA in English 1805 GMT 22 Aug 81
[Text] Havana, 22 Aug (PL)--The leader of itl~e Libyan revolution, Mu'am~nar
al-Qadhdhafi, denounces the aggressive attitude of the ~J~n3ted States against
that Arab nation, in a message sent to the ~resident o� the nonaligned movement,
Fidel Castro.
The text, published in tlze front page of the G~iMA daf.ly, stresses that the
military maneouvres of the U.S. Sixth Fleet in t'~,e Med3terranean are carried out
within the framework of the campaign of terrorism arid provocations of the
United States.
This constitutes, it says, a step which eviden~ly announced hostile intentions
against the Libyan people, for confirmed reports indicate that these exercises
are taking place in two regions which bel.ong to the territozial waters of the
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahizya.
It explains that these areas of maneouvres are 3.n the region of the Gulf of Sidra
and par3: of them.are taking~~place within the ~orbidden zones, specifically
destinated to the instruction of the Arab Libyan Air Forces.
The message also denounces that on the day ].9 a U.S. air sc,uadron of the Sixth
Fleet interfered two Libyan planes and shot down one of them, while they were
in their routine reconnaissance flight aver tihe Libyan territorial waters and
air space.
This aggressive attitude of the U.S.. admin3stration a:gainst the Libyan people,
is considered as an act of terroxts~ and provocatian headed to destab3lize the
- regior_ and put in danger world peace and security.
The text underlines that the Socialist People's Li}ayan Arab Jamahirya reserves
itself the right to adopt "all the necessary measur.es to preserve the legit3mate
rights of their territorial waters and air space."
Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi expressed his wish that this memorandum would be considered
as one of the off iciad~. documents of the nonaligned movement and to have it be
generalized to all its rae~abers.
CSO: 3020/145
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COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
PURPOSE OF RENDERING OF ACCOUNTS MEETINGS REDEFINED
~ Havana BOHF~IIA in Spanish 26 Jun 81 pp 56-57
[Article by Susana Tesoro: "Rendering of Accounts Meetinga"]
[Text] We quickly became used to the meetings tha.t began one day, after the voting
and presentations in the district-. At the first meetings, we hardly lmew how to
act. Then we started learni.ng the method until we learned what to present and what
to demand. I am referring to the rendering of accounts meetings w}tich are rarely
mentioned but exist and continue to be the gauge of the good ar bad functioni.ng of
an area.
What has conspired against these important meetings? First, attendance. If the
- elector does not go, he does not participate or understand. Sec~~nd, the delegate.
Does he take care of his electors? Does he try to find solutions to the problems?
Does he give a pleasant, interesting and brief report and not bore his listeners
- from the beginning of the meeting? If so, he is a good delegate. If not, this can
- be one of the things tYsat weaken the intention of a nei.ghborhood assembly.
Last Februar'y, the lgst renderfng of accounts meeting ended and Havana City, the most
populated province in the country, was careful to issue an agreement by the Execu-
tive Committee. It explained the steps to follow to prevent stagnant and repeti-
tious presentations when there are subjective problems that can be solved.
T~ao undeniable realities occur in the capital. One, in successive rendering of ac-
counts meetings the electors have repeatedly shown their disagreement with certain
services or specific problems that affect them, in spite of the fact that the basic
causes for these situations fY~equently obey subjective �actors. The other is that
the administrative directorates that should satisfactorily solve those problems
have not yet achieved results that can be considered acceptable. This leads to the
repetitions.
In the February meeting, the sector that received the largest percentage of com-
plaints was water and sewerage. It was followed by co~erce, co~ity services,
housing, electric power industry, transportation, construction, education and pub-
lic health. This was more or less the story last October with the inclusion of
complaints on problems that still exist: in the wa.ter sector, Pixi.ng leaks, prob-
lems with water supply and the construction and maintenance of sewers and drains;
in housing, the regair and maintenance of multiple housing units and ~he poor dis-
tribution of materials;, in co~nerce, poor treatment of the public and lack of
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hy~ietie; asi~ in coiistructioci, problems in cunstructio~ arad street re~a,ir~s. Tt~zy
continue from one meetir~ to another and increase the lack of interest in the meet-
ing since the elector has to go and say the same thing ov~r ar~d caver.
That situation was analyzed--as we already said--by tMe Pruvir~cial Exec;utive Commit-
tee which agreed that the achni.nistrative directorates subo~~iit~ate the province
and involved in these repetitions must make an in-depth ar.~alys~,s of the causes of
- that situation, review the methods used and adopt new proc~dures~that include, when
necessary, Lhe aid of political and mass organization:, the elaboration of plans
and cor~rete measures to elimina.te all the problems of s~bjective origin and estab-
lishment of forms of systematic control and analysis.
k'ith respe~t to the enterprises and organizations n~at us~d~r the people's government�,
the Provincial Executive Co~nittee requested th~t the~l take the necessary meascares
to overcome the problems that most affect the ~peop7:~. 'The ~reement added that
these aciministrations must have corresponding s~ol~a'~~.on~ and responses for each as-
sembly process within the time indicated and a1so~ must ~resent a report to the
standing commi.ttee about the work in question so the .level of efficiency can be
analyzed. The provir~ial and municipal star~ding, ~committees were asked to maintain
strict control wer the results achieved by those adi?~.nistrative directorates.
The provincial government's decision seems coi�~oct to us because what does the re-
petition of a problem mean? There are matte~s unsalved; certain directorates are
not working well because of lack of or,ganizat.ion ror resources or whatever. GJe are
not going to go inr,o detailed evaluations but unquestionably something is not work-
ing. The objecti.ve is that, with t~:~~e jain~ analyses, the problems can be de-
fined, the elector can be pleaseci and tk~ie ;progress and development of a certain
area, whether a district or province, ~a~111. improve.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
7717
CSO: 3010/1664
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COWi TRY SECTION CUBA
CONII~NTARY SCORES REPRFSSION IN URUGUAY
Havana BoHErtzA ~ Spanish 26 Jun 81 pp 64-66
[Article by Sara Arias: "Pressure on the Dictatorship"]
[TextJ "The 'no' victory clearly reveals the gigantic fc~rces within
the country, surrounded by the even more vast interna~ional solidar-
ity, risi.ng up to save the fatherland from fascism.'' (Rodney Aris-
mendi, secretary general of the PCU [Co~st Party of Uruguay])
The Uruguayan regime met resoi.uldi.ng failure in the plebiscite last November, re-
jected by a large vote which shc~red the Uruguayan people's repudia~ion of a re-
pressive policy that has given Uruguay sad notoriety as one of.the South American
' champions of torture and murder. This is complemented by its economic policy to
bankrupt the country and reduce the standard of living of the working masses to
hunger, poverty and unemployment. All this has placed the military--the real gov-
ernm~ent behind whichever pupnet is on duty--at a difficult crossroads.
With the people's rejection which is i.mpossible to hide~=now--the regime fell into
its own trap--the military has had to discard its famous ".timetable" for the al-
leged opening. It is now forced to f3nd new formul~.s fa,cing growing internal un-
rest in all the political and labor sectors and the agricult~al and industrial
bourgeoisie which has been seriously affected by the official economic policy dir- ~
- ected by the minister of economy and finai~ce, Valentin Arismendi, followirig the
IlKF' dictates.
Also international conde~mnation and isolation have increased. This has even been
recognized in a recent editorial in the newspaper EL PAIS.
Repercussion of Plebi9cite; Search for New "Timetable"
After the results of the plebiscite were learned, there was an i~aaediate~reacticri
fram the military to this new, arzd inexplicably s~mprising, situa.~ion. While some
"interpreted" the results of the popular referendwn as the wajori~y's desire to
maintain the present status, others saw the need to recognize the rejection and
seek new formulas to legalize their stay in power.
In the com~anique issued immediately after the plebiscite, the conmiander~ in chief
of the three branches announced that the basic political ~lan of 1977 "aimed at
constitutional normaliz,ation" (read institutionalization of the anticonsti~utional
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laws i.niplemented by the dictatorship) remained unaffected and that the "process
of democratic i.nstitutionaliza~ion" (sic) will. continue irreversibly to its culmina-
tion under the existi.ng regune.
The commander in chief of the army, Gen Luis Queirolo--who has lmown presidential
aspira~ians--emphasized that national securit; itself is in ~anger and the effective
presence of the army is required to protect the nation. Gen Abdon Raimundez, chief
of the IV Army Division and chairman of COMASPO LPolitical Affairs Corrmiittee] of the
FFAA [Armed Forces], was in charge of "dialoguing" with the traditional political
parties--Lhe Blanco and the Colorado--before the plebiscite; he was un~uccessful.
- He said that there are political, economic and social reasons for the results and
that there had been "errors camnitted" mostly fY~om lack of political experience or
a self-confidence that did not respond to reality. He pointed out the expediency
of renewing the dial.ogue with those parties although, he stated, "the problem is we
do not lmow who their leaders are."
Shortly after, the mil.itary apparently learned who those leaders were in the inter-
ior of the country and the Junta of General Officers commissioned Raimundez to ini-
tiate contacts with the appointed Blanco and Colorado leaders.
The internal division in the army (more due to form than content and to personal
ambitions) tha.t came out again as a resul.t of the failure of the plebiscite wa.s
apparently reconciled with one of the first official decisions--the end of the
mandate of "President" Aparicio Mendez and his replacement next 1 September. This
announcement was made by General Queirolo who quickly emphasized that the change
in the presidency will not mean a substantial change in the political and economic
conduct of the country whi.ch, according to him, has ha.d very good results in the
past 8 years
Although the appointment will be made by the Junta of General Officers and then be
ratified by the CoLU1ci1 of the Nation (made up by the legislative body appointed
to replace the parliamentarians e~ected in 1971 and the general officers of the
FFAA), Queirolo indicated that the date of that coun~il meeting to elect a new pre-
sident has not been set yet. In other words, the military still has not come to
an agreement.
Referring to the new program of "political opening," the army chief continued to
state that "it is still very general, without specific definition." Raimundez ad-
mitted that a new plan is being studied but without a definite timetable. Although
the result of the talks and consultations between the head of COMASPO and the lead-
ers of the traditional parties has not been officially revealed, it was learned
that they presented,bases for beginning an openir~ to Raimundez. These must be
submitted to the consideration of the generals, admirals and brigadiers in the
Junta of General Officers in order to draw up a new political plan.
The points presented by the Blancos and Colorados included the need to restore
freedom of information, the convocation of a c;onstitutional assembly, the reestab-
lishment of union and political activities and the end of political bans.
- As to the new presidential candidate, speculations abound sin~e there are several
aspirants for that, position, including (~ueirol.o hi.mself . The names of some civi-
lians and active and retired military have been tossed around, inclu~ing one of
the Zubia brothers who would be loaked at fav~rably by Brazil.
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Until now, the retirements from ~he FFAA announced by the mi.n~.ster of defense,
Walter Ravena, ha.ve been according to plan: in April the commander in chief of
the navy, Vice Adm Hugo Marquez, replaced by Vice Adm Rodolfo Invidio; and in May
Lt Gen Raul Bendahan, commander of the air force, replaced by Brig Gen Jose D.
Cardoso. There were other unforeseen changes that showed that the fights and di-
vision within the FFAA have not disappeared but continue to flourish. One example
was the dismi.ssal of General Ballestrino fY~om his position as director of the Army
School of Arms and Services; he was retired and is now a~cused of questionably ac-
tions. A Court of Military Honor has been formed to try him. Captain Nader was
arrested, not for being a lmown torturer but for participating in an operation to
turn over the command of the navy to another officer. Seven police chiefs, includ-
ing the one in the capital, were retired. Diplomatic duties were taken away from
Julio Cesar Vadora, former commander in chief of the army and then ambassador to
Paraguay, and Brigadier Perez Caldas, former commander of the air force and then
ambassador to the United States, among others.
This political cadre is directly involved in the unity of the groups, organizations
and representatives of the Uruguayan political parties abroad and their greater ef-
fectiveness, due to that unity, in insti~;atir~ the concrete action of international
solidarity. It press~es the Uruguayan dictatorship to carry out its touted open- .
ing, end the repression and torture and release all political ~nd union prisoners.
This action ha.s been reinforced by the devastating defeat of the regime in the No-
vember plebiscite.in which more than 54 percent of the people rejected the mili-
tary's timetable.
Another thirig that pressures the regime is the disastrous economic situation and
the discontent it generates.
Shocking Situation; "Leave Their Souls in the Earth"
The conflicts with Lhe rural organizations that pushed out Juan Carlos Cassou,
minister of agricu~tur~ and fishi.~g, in January 1981 worsened with the last Rural-
ist Assembly where it was stated that the beneficiaries of the critical situation
in agriculture are mainly the large banks mostly tied to forei.gn capital which col-
lect interest of up to 80 percent. CY~iticism increased at subsequent livestock
meetings because of the increasir~g indebtedness of the sector and the lack of gov-
ernment measures facing the recorded low in the price of farms. The fishing sector
is still affected by a market depression ag~avated by ~azil's suspension of imports
_ and the stagnation of purchases by European countries. Meat and wool are the two
principal sectors that bring in foreign currency.
The Uruguayan Farmers Confederation's disag~eement with an off.icial economic policy
that does not permit them to meet production cos'ts in spite of abundant crops and
that caused the peasant exodus to the t~ban belts of poverty also came to light.
The small farmers are h~mt the most, of course, so their representative stated that
it was urgent to prevent that "after leaving their souls in the earth, they end up
leaving their bones in the cities." Other industries like the grape and wine in-
dustry are mortally threatened because of the treaty with Argentina. All farm pro-
duction is threatened by the invasion of products fY~om abroad. Footwear and leather
articles are threatened by the massive cl.osing of factories and tanneries with the
subsequent unemployment of thousands of workers. The latest and most serious con-
frontation with the Rural Federation is approaching with this year's congress of
that organization which includes the main producers in the country.
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The seethi.~;g of the worki.ng masses who suffer the blows of the incessant and en-
demic increases in the cost of livi7g which, according to the always conservative
offiCial statistics, reached 42.82 percent i.n 1980 wi.th food and housi.ng affected
most, can be added to the mobilization of these sectors.
The astronomic increase in rent at the end of 19~--78�61 P~'cent--greatly sLm-
passed the general rate of price increases and created a shocking situation for
thousands of Uruguayan fa~.i.lies when evictions began in the middle of last Fel~u-
ary. According to the Ministry of Economy and Finance, 33,000 families have been
evicted.
Inflation continues to rise with increases in al.i. public services, transpor'tation
rates, fuels--ir~ludir~g kerosene used by the poor to couk--and medical insurance.
The 11-percent wage i.ncrease meant only a new decrease in the real wage, reabsorbed
by increased prices of essential goods. It suffices to say tha.t the est~mated
minimum living wage for a typical family (couple with two children) is 7,500 pesos
but the fixed mi.nimum wage is 1,385 pesos a month, five times lower.
Meanwhile, the denationalization process of all state industrial and commercial
enterprises a~celerates under the pretext that they need to be subsidized. The
_ policy of freedom of imports worsened the deficit in the trade balance which is
almost triple that of the past fiscal year.
Nevertheless, General Queirolo stated clearly that the Uruguayan military regime
has no intention of changing its economic poli~y which is, without doubt, another
"time bomb" for the dictatorship.
It , continuation is directly related to the labor repression tha.t has not managed
to paralyze the action of the wcrkers in spite of its l~utality. A delegation of
the ILO came to Montevideo at the beginnirag of the year to learn about the situa-
tion. It met with Carlos Alberto Maesso, minister oF labor, with the government
CGTU [General Confederation of Uruguayan Workers] which the regime futilely used
to try to replace the outlawed CNT [National Convention of Workersl, the lcrue re-
presentative of the Uruguayan werkers, and with leaders of other organizations.
On that occ~sion, Maesso stated that the bill on professional associations ~m itten
- by his ministry would be submitted to the Council of State. Its lmown provisions
were strongly criticized as an attack against union fY~eedom.
Actually, that law only legalizes the repression by the government and the manage-
ment which fire en masse the workers elected by the masses to represent them in
the enterprise parity committees or those who merely agree to be part of the union
movement.
The ILO has had the Uruguayan case on its agenda sin~e the 1973 coup d'etat be-
- cause of the flagrant violation of international labor legislation. Uruguayan com-
munist leader Enrique Rodriguez indicated recently that as the annual meeting of
that orgar~ization in Geneva approaches, the regime has h~mried to vote in the union
- law, after eliminating the seven most reactionary and antiworker articles. It
wants to present it there and try to demonstrate that it is answering worker de-
mands. Nevertheless, the ILO made imp~tar~ stipulations: it demanded the release
of union prisoners, denounced the lack of guarantees in trials and demanded the
return of the locals to the unions and the recognition af the legal. personage of
the Uruguayan Bankers Association.
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Carry Out the Papular Will
In this context, the Group of the CDU [Democratic Con~ergence in Uruguay] met in
Mexico City to discuss the results of the Nwember plebiscite and adopt decisions
based on that event which it called the most important victory of the Uruguayan peo-
, ple in its 7 years of struggle against the dictatorship. This victory aroused the
support of all the political groups from the traditional to the militant left.
The CDU was formed in April 1g80 by a group of important people from different Uru-
guayan democratic groups--political, social and religious--to work with all the de-
mocratic governments, organizations and forces in the world tha.t have sol,idarity
with the efforts of the Uruguayan people to regain their freedom. It has redoubled
its international work since the plebiscite in order to pressure the Uruguayan dic-
tatorship to recognize the popular will expressed by a majority at the ballot boxes.
As a result of the meeting in Mexico, the CDU issued a prcnouncement called "Carry
Out the Popular Will." In this, it analyzed the meani.ng of the national and popu-
I.ar re jection of the ~lrugu~.yan military's plans which ended the regime's attempts
to build a facade of institutionalization to overcome the crisis of their internal
and international loss of presti.ge.
Five concrete proposals complement the pronour~cement: the immediate dismissal of
Aparicio Mendez; reestablishment of individual freedoms, union freedom, freedom to
meet, freedom of association, freedom of expression and fY~eedom of thought as well
as greater economic and social justice; im~diate release of all political and union
prisoners, especially Gen Liber Seregni, and abolition of all bans; canplete freedom
of operation for political parties; and conv~;ation of elections for a constitu-
tional assembly or some other suitable action which implies the dominating partici-
pation of the people, the original and essential holders of na.tional soverei.gnty.
A few days later, Juan Ferreira, president oF the CDU, declared in Washington that
- one of the decisions at the meeting was to laurLCh a diplomatic oFfensive against
the continuation of the military government in Uruguay when the UN Human Rights
Commission met in Geneva--where the dictatorship was again condemned. Delegates
would be sent to Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, the United Kingdom, the
FRG and France. This offensive began with a su~ccessful tour threugh the Etmopean
countries where the main democratic political forces agreed to help reestablish de-
mocracy in Uruguay. This support was confirmed at the first anniversary of the
CDU, celebrated a few days ago in Mexico, which an impressive number of distin-
guished celebrities from Europe, Latin America and the United States attended.
International Solidarity; Human Rights
The isolation of the Uruguayan dictatorship has intensified. There are important
international events that show solidarity with the cause of the Uruguayan people,
a solidarity that challenges the regime and has saved valua.ble lives, pulling them
out of the underr,,x~rld of jails and concentration camps, persecution, torture and
slow annihilation or death.
The many acts and statements by the international comnunity in the last months in-
cluded: the formation in Washington of the Committee for Democracy and Human
Rights in Uruguay which unites different groups and celebrities from Mexico, Panama,
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- Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, the United States, Costa
~Rica, Brazil, COPi'AL [Conference of Latin American Political Partie~] and Bolivia
(represented by its constitutional vice president, Jaime Paz Zamora). An Italian
delegation visited Montevideo: Gen Nino Pasti, senator and former chief of staff
of the Italian Air Force; Gilberto Bonalumi, deputy of the Christian Democrat Party
and vice president of the Chamber of D2puties; and Pietro Lezzi, vice president of
the Social Democratic Group of the European Parliament. They relayed to the Uru-
guayan authorities the concern of all the Italian and European political forces for
' the fate of the political prisoners, especially: Gen Liber Seregni, president of
the Broad Front; mathematician Jose Luis Massera; Jaime Perez, former deputy and
distinguished communist leader; and Lilian Celiberto (kidnaped by a Uruguayan com-
mando in Brazil). They told them that there w~uld be no "char~ge in image" abroad
unless effective measures to restore human ri.ghts and release all political pri-
soners are adopted.
There are also campaigns to obtain the freedom of the hostages of the regime, thP
Tupamaro prisoners with Raul Ser~dic at the head, pressuring the dicLa~orship ta at
least carry out its "threat" to put them on public trial and thus be able to pro-
tect them. They also demand the freedom of Gerardo Gatti of the Party for the Vic-
tory of the People (missing), Hector Rodriguez of the GAU [Groups for Unified Ac-
tionJ and Rodriguez BE:letti of the 26 March Movement.
- At a time when the military dictatorship, cornered by its own contradictions, is
studyi.ng new formulas but also i.ncreasing repression, ending more lives with tor-
~ ture, the campaign of international solidarity with the fi.ght of ~he Uruguayan peo-
ple becomes even more important.
COPYRIGHT: BOHFMIA 1g81
7717
CSO: 3010/1664
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COUNTRY SECTION ~A
~ INCREASE IN ADVANCED SCIENCE DEGREES NOTED
Havana BOHF~vIIA in SPanish 26 Jun 81 pp 90-93
[Report on interview with engineer Fernando Vecino Al.egret, minister of higher edu-
cation and chairman of National Committee for Scientific Degrees, and Carlos Peni-
che Cwas, secretary, by H. Nunez Lemus in Havana; date not speci.fied]
[Text] It was not easy to get an interview with engineer Fernando Vecino Alegret,
chairman of the CNGC [National Co~nni.ttee f~ Scientific Degrees] an~ ~~~~er of
higher education. When we arrived at his office on Calle 23, he was not alone. A
young man about 30 years old was with him, looking at some documents. The minister
~ introduced him to us and then asked us to wait a minute.
_ The young man was Carlos Peniche Govas, candidate for doctor of science and secre-
tary of the co~ai.ttee. The objective of the interv~.ew was to explain certain de-
tails about the wnrk of the co~ai.ttee, especially the 135 professionals who wexe
recently granted doctor of science degrees, skippi.ng the established step of
candidate.
We met when they were through wi.th the documents. ~
The minister asked us: "Is there any reason Peni.che can't participate in the in-
terview? He has worked hard on all the work of the comrni.ttee and hs is sure he
can contribute."
~ We did not have any reason so we asked the first question.
"Engineer, ca1 r,he degrees granted recently to the 135 professionals be considered
'honorary' degrees?"
Vecino Alegret st~red at us as if he were trying to find some disparaging tone in
the question. He seemed to convince him.self that there was not. .
However, we felt obliged to explain ourselves. Although our public does not IQww
much about the matter, it is, nevertheless, a little confusing that all the con-
ventional steps have not been fulfilled. It is inevitable that the public is in-
clined to believe that the degrees were merely given to honor a g~owing ntmiber of
citizens. There is the much better known precedent of grantin~ academic distinc-
tions to people merely because of their distinguished positions in public life,
even to semi-illiterate officials as happened in the past.
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The minister I.istened to us carefully. He answered:
"It would be very easy to give a negative answer to your question but this would
not solve the problem. Why don't we start at the begi.nni.r~?"
"At the beginning?" we asked.
"Yes, the creation of the coam~i.ttee and everything related to the careful selection
work carried out wer a long period of ti.me before g~anting those 135 doctorates
~ of science."
Scientific Degrees, National Education System
He began: "Before getting into this topic, it would be appropriate to explain the
place of scienti.fic degrees and their objectives within the National Educa~ion
Systeca..
"The process of construction of socialism in our country is carried out within the
fran~ec~rork of a scientific-techni.cal revolution whi.ch demands increased skill from
. our university professionals and the continual improvement and up-dating of their
lmowledge of their areas. That is the reason for the two-sided development of post-
graduate education: professional education systems and the scientific degx~ee
systan.
"The first is massive and is aimed at all professionals; it is done through courses,
studies and postgraduate training as well as specialization programs. The scienti-
fic degree system is directed basically at the cadres that are going ~o carry out
researcn, development or scientific-pedagogical activities, thus assuri.r~g the train-
ing of higher level cadres."
"Do all univexsity graduates benefit fY~an this system?"
"No, not all. The scientific degree system is selective; it not only looks at pro-
- fessional and academic abilities but also the political and ideological conditions
of the graduate."
"A very important clarification," we noted.
"The system, establ.ished by Law 1281 of 2"3cember 1974, establishes two degrees:
candidate for doctor of science and doct~ of scierlce. The first is granted to
univPrsity graduates who satisfy the requirements and evaluations of the established
program and defend, before an appropriate board, a thesis that shows theoretical
and practical mastery of a certain field and contributes to its development. The
second deg~ee is given to the candidates who later do hi.ghly specialized work; it
requires a thesis, and its defense, which contributes to that particular branch of
lmowledge."
We insisted: "This last step has not been carried out in the case of the 135 new
doctors of science."
"Don't j~unp ahead," su~gested engineer Vecino Alegret. "We will com~e to that." '
He continued:
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"The law created the CNGC, an autonanous entity which Decree Law 37 of 7 April
1980 authorizes to determi.ne and empowpx qualified ixLSti.tutions and boards to is-
sue the corresponding degrees, direct the validation proced~es and validaf,e the
scientific degrees of postgraduates who have received deg~ses abroad or in Cuba
fran foreign institutions. The minister of higher education, the position that I
presently hold, heads this comnittee."
"What is the make-up of the co~nittee?"
: "The CNGC is composed of proFessiona.ls of recognized prestige in their spheres
grouped in the followin~ bran~hes: n~tural science, social and humanistic science,
technical science, agricult~al scier~e, biomedical science, economic scier~ce, peda-
gogic scier~e and military science. They study the theses, form the boards and
submit their conclusions to the exscutive Gour~cil of the commi.ttee.
- "The executive coun~il consists of the chairman of the co~nittee--in this case, me--
the vice chairman--Dr Jose A. Presno Albarran, a distinguished scientist who re-
cently died in the exercise of his duties--and the secretary, Peniche. The coun-
cil, in addition to the direc~ors of the sections, is the superior~ organ of the CNGC.
According to the provisional regulation in effect, the mentioned committee, the
autho~rized institutions, the scientifirc deg~ee cou~n.i.ttees of those institutions and
the degree boards participate in granting the degrees."
"A sufficiently fi.ne sieve," we again noted.
Ways to Obtain Degrees
The bill estab].ishes three ways to become a candida~e: fulltime, when the aspirant
- devotes all his time to the w~ork plan with a maximum oF 4 years' d~ation; parttiine,
when the aspirant does the work without giving up his regular occupations which can
last up to 6 years; and the free system referring to ~eople involved in production
or services who do a scientific project tha.t satisfies the requirements for the
degree. In all cases, it is normally required to be a gradua'te of higher education
for more than 2 years. There are ewceptions for~ students who have brilliantly com-
pleted a priority specialty." .
- Peniche interrupted: "Other requirexnents are: to obtain an average grade in the
pregraduate specialty of at least~ w points; be 35 or under for fulltime; be pro-
posed by the organism where one works; lmow a foreign language--Russian, French,
English or German; and pass an entrar~ce exami.nation. Also it is very ~.mportant to
have the political-ideological conditions demanded of a scientific cadre for the
development of oi.m revolution: prestige, feeli.ng of responsibility toward work,
honesty, political maturity, exemplariness, etc. All this is comple~ed by an exam-
ination in three subjects: Marxist-Leninist philosophy, the f~eign lar~guage and
the corresponding specialty in the thesis, all befare the thesis is defended....In
crder to defend the degree of doctcr of scier~ce, it is an indispensable requirement
~o have the deg~ee as candidate."
I insisted: "Which has been forgotten in the case of the 135 ~ofessionals re-
cently granted that degree."
The mini.ster~Yiairman intervened:
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i
"Let's get to that. In order to tea~h advar~ed stages in the training of higher-
level specialists, it is necessary to have scientific personnel with the indispen-
sable qualifications to pror~ote the scientific deg~ee system. This led to a pro-
cess called direct grants in which the conunittee g~ants de~ees to a~oup of fa-
mous professionals for their distinguished scientific work,~innovations and dis-
coveries or great contributions in training cadres. This process is done only
once, as happened in other socialist countries, and is determined by two principal
reasons: to recognize the work, dedication and results of a lifetime in a field
of lmowle~;e of those cadres whose contributions to the development of their spe-
cialties and professions and loyalty to the party and the government are unques-
tioned; and to create a critical mass capable of guaranteeing the s~ibsequent devel-
opment of all the work of granting scientific degrees in the country. This is the
concrete case of the 135 new doctors of science. Does that take care of your
questi~n?"
"In general, yes," I adriitted.
The minister added: "This means that they are not persons outside the scienti.fic
discipline in which they obtained their de~r ee--as frequently happens with 'honor-
ary' degrees--but real specialists with a well-earned ri.ght to bear the title.
Their academic records were subjected to strict analysis before being proposed to
the ccmr~uttee."
Equivalencies and Validations
There are two matters that should be explained in the system of validation of sci-
entific degrees obtained by Cubans a~oad. This has two sides: degrees obtained
in socialist countries and those received from universities in countries outside
CFd`1A .
We asked: "Are the scienti.fic degrees granted by socialist countries equivalent?"
Peniche answered:
"Not in all cases. We have, for example, the cases of the GDR, Poland and Romania
which do not have candidates. The equivalent to our degree of candidate is a doc-
tor in a branch of science in the GDR, a doctor of science in Hungary [as pub-
lished] and a doctor in Romania. In t he others, the nomenclature and level are
the same. Your question is good because even the candidates themselves are some-
times ignorant of these equivalents. A little while ago, we had the case of a com-
- rade who openly disagreed with the validation of his doctorate to a candidate."
"What about the capitalist universities?"
"Well, that is another thing. They have a degree that could be equivalent to a
candidate but not in all cases. This is the Ph.D. (philosophical doctor [as pub-
lished]) which in some universities is the sams as o~ candidate, but not in
- others. There are no agreements on this; an aspirant for validation must pass ex-
aminations and submit his thesis to the CNGC. I am talking abou~ something I lmow
very well sin~e I personally obtained a Ph.D. in England and had to do this before
receiving revalidation as candidate."
I again took the offensive.
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I stated: "One thing that is a little confusing to nie is the no:iienclature of candi-
date in many socialist countries, including Cuba. In gen~al, a cancidate is an
aspirant to obtain or reach something...."
Peniche interrupted me: "Nevertheless, it is not an undefined intermediate step.
A candidate, as understood wi~hin the system, is an a~complished scienti,st, whether
or not he becomes a doctor."
Vecino Alegret interrupted: "All these questions about nomer~clatt~e are being stu-
_ died by the conunittee in order to get rid of errors and false interpretations. When
we offer technical aid to countries outside CEMA, we are even obliged on many occa-
sions to explain the scientific level of our candidates."
Candidate Doctors?
One aspect of the mentioned nomenclat~me which also tends to con~�use the public is
the case of inedical graduates when they become aspirants or candidates to become
doctors.
The niinister stated: "These doctars are a real ex~eption. Along with veterinari-
ans, they are the only uni.versity graduates who graduate with the title of doctor.
Like the graduates of othPr professions at that level, they only have degrees,
medical degrees in this case. The exception of the title of doctor has continued
for them because it obeys an old tradition that identified the title with the pra~-
tice of inedicine. No graduate of our universities, includin~g doctors, has a doc-
torate. I believe that, in the future, all the abwe must be carefully studied in
order to el.iminate mistakes and contradictions."
I formulated my last question:
"~iinister, you said that the process of grantirag scientific degrees--in this case
the doctorate--would be done only once. Is it possible that that decision will be
reconsidered in the future?"
"I don't think so but it would be risky to say absolutely no. I can say that a
number of records of cadres are beir~ carefully studied with the objective of
granting them the degree of candidate as was done with the doctors. As in the pre-
vious case, the selection will be very strict but will not exclude anyone with suf-
ficient merit to receive that degree."
The interview ended. 4Jhile engineer Vecino Alegret was saying goodbye to us, he
had an amused and satisfied smile. He extended his hand and asked:
"Do you think it is possible that someone can now confuse the new doctor of ~cience
with the traditional 'honorary' doctors?"
We admitted: "iJo, obviously they are not 'honorary' doctors but distir~uished 9ci-
entists who have been academically granted a title that they already had by right
~ which no one dare dispute."
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New Doctors of Scien~e
Aoricult~mal Science
Carlos Puentes Garcia
Scier~e in Art
Argeliers Leon Perez
' FY~anciscc Prat Puig ,
Biol.ogical Science
Dario Guitart Manday
Abelardo Moreno Bonilla
Salvador de la Torre Callejas
Ec onomic Sc ienc e
Carlos Rafael Rodriguez ftodri~g~ez
Philological Science
Vicentina Antuna Tavio .
Angel Augier Proenza
Roberto Fernandez Retamar
Nicolas Guillen Batista
(~aziella Pogolotti Jacobson ~
Jose A. Portuondo Valdor ~
Philosophical Scier~e
Gaspar Jorge Garcia Gallo
Geographic Science
Pedro E. Cana.s Abril
Sara E. Isalgue Isalgue
Antonio Nunez Jimenez
Historical Scien~e
Sergio Aguirre Carreras
Jose Luciano Franco Ferran
Calixta R. Guiteras Holmes
Julio Le Riverend ~usone
1~1anue1 Moreno FY~aginals
Hortensia Pichardo Vinals
Lionel Soto Prieto
~nesto Tabio Palrna
Pelegrin Torr�as de la Luz
Salvador Vilaseca Forne
Legal Scier~ce
Miguel A. D'Estefano Pisani
- Blas Roca Calderio
20
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_ ~~ledicaJ. Scier~ce
Jaim.e Alemany Plartorel
Celestino Alvarez La jor~chere
Luis Alvarez Vallas
Leopoldo Araujo Bernal
Eladio Blanco Rabasa
Llaene Borbolla Vacher
Israel Borra jero i lartinez
Abelardo Buch Lopez
Jose A. Bustamante 0'Leary
Emilio Camayd Zogbe
Ramon Casanova Arzola
Daniel Cordoniu Pruna
FY~an~isco Conde Otero
Armando Cordova Castro
Jose F. Corral Al~nonte
Raul Dorticos Torr ado
Roberto Douglas Pedroso
Horacio Escobar Lopez
Jose Estrada Gonzalez
Ubaldo.Farnot Cardoso
Guillermo Fernandez Hernandez-Baquero
~ancisco Fernandez Soler
Helenio Ferrer Garcia
oscar Garcia Fernandez
- Alejandro uarcia Gutierrez
Sexgio Garcia-Marruz Badia
ArtLmo Garcia Mendoza
Jorge Eugenio Gavilondo Gonzalez
Armando Gomez Hechevarria
Alfredo Gomez Sampera
Noel Gonzalez Jimenez
Enrique Hechevarria Vaillant
Alberto Hernandez Canero
Abdo Hernandez Gonzalez
- Fidel Iliza.steaui Dupuy
Jose Jordan Rodriguez
Francisco Lancis Sar~hez
Jose Lopez Sanchez
Raymundo Llanio Navarro
Ignacio Macias Castro
Oscar Mateo de Acosta Fernandez
Zoilo Mar~iiello Vidaurreta
Wer~eslao [~lartinez Garcia
Julio Martinez Paez
Joroe B. McCook Martinez
Vicente Osorio Acosta
Antonio Palacin Aranda
Gilberto Pardo Gomez
Joaquin Pascual Gispert
Rafael Pedraza Rodriguez
Rolando Pereiras Costa
21
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i~ledical Science (continued)
Cesar Perez Duany
Abdon Pires Rodriguez
Ricardo Portill.a Sanchez
Eliseo Prado Gonzalez
Salvador del Rio Madueno
Adolfo Rodriguez de la Vega
Ruben Rodriguez Gavalda
AdalbPxto Rodriouez Lopez
Luis Rodriguez Rivera
Serafin Ruiz de Sarate
Bartolome Sagaro Delgado
Antonio San Martin iKarichal
Eugenio Selman-Houssein Abdo
Federico Sotolongo Guerra
Arnaldo Te jeiro Fernandez
Ernesto de la Torre P~lonte jo
Wilfredo Torres Yribar
Eugenio Torroella Martinez-Fortun
Eugenio Torroella Mata
Santiaoo Valdes Nartin
Pedro Valdes Vivo
Orlando Valias Perez
Oscar Zanetti Vila
Pedago~ical Sc ience
Rosa M. Angulo Diaz-Canel
Adol~'ina Cossio Estt~o
NIax Fi.gueroa Arau jo
Julio Lopez Renduelles
Joaquin i~elgarejo Rodriguez
Juan Mier Febles �
Maria del Rosario Novoa Luis
Chemical Science
Ruth Dayal Henriquez Rodriguez
_ Sociological Science
Raul Gutierrez Serrano
Soc iologic al [ as published ] Sc ier~c e
Raul Roa Garcia
Technical Science
Miguel A. Abalo Macias
Manuel Aguilera Barciela .
Ar~gel Alvarez Ponte
Faustino S. Esteva Sirven
Emilio Fernandez Conde
Mario 0. Fleites Diaz
Manuel 0. Garcia Fernandez
Edoardo Gonzalez Alonso
Mario Gonzalez Sedeno
22
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Technical Science (continued)
Jorge Guerra Deben
Vent~,ma Herrera Juver
Maximiliano Isoba Garcia
Pedro Luis Torres
Joaquin Marinello Marinello
Jose P~i. del Portillo Vazquez
Antonio L. Quintana Simonetti
- Octavio Raices Vidal
Tirso V. Saenz Sarichez
Miguel A. Urrutia Alvarez
Jose A. Valladares Timoneda
Veterinarian Science
Ciro Perez 'IY~oncoso
Osvaldo N. Rodriguez Hernandez
COPYRIGHT : BOHII"IIA 1981
7717
CSO: 3010/1664
23
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-
a
COUNTRY SECTION CUBA
RESEARCH DONE ON SUGARCANE RUST PROBLEMS
Havana BOHEMI~1 ~..n Spanish 5 Jun 8I pp 34-35
[Article by Andres Rodriguez]
- [Text] Ileana Sandoval, a young.graduate in biolagical sciences, has specialized in
the study of the rust disease in sugarcane. In this connection, we recently heard
her present a report which aroused the interest of the participants in the meeting
of high-level experts convoked by the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Sugar
Exporting Countries (GEPLACEA). ~
Many participants agreed on the rigorous standards of the report presented by this
- expert, who.graduated in 1974 and has twice been awarded the Forgers of the Future
= Medal. She has also participated in training courses in India and Poland.
But it would seem that the final chapter has not been written on this fungus disease
whi~h has affected the phytosanitary picture on our continent. For example, there
are some who laElieve that other methods of combating rust should be used instead of
~ relying exclusively on the traditional procedure of introducing resistant varieties.
What is the opinion of Ileana Sandoval about this?
"The best means of combating rust is replacement with varieties resistant to this
disease. It is true that fungicides haWe been used, but in smne cases they only
- partially control the effects, whereas in others, they have not done so in efficient
fashion." ~
We spoke previously of the changes in the regional phytosanitary picture caused by
_ rust. In the specific case of Cuba, what is the current reaction of our main com-
mercial and precommercial varieties to the presence of this pathological factor?
_ "As is known," Ileana Sandoval answered, "the most vulnerable variety is Barbados
- 4362, which is now being destroyed throughout the country. We also have two other
vulnerable varieties, Mayari 54129 and 5514. Where our two main varieties at present
(Jaronu 6U-5 and Cuba 87-51) are concerned, the former is moderately resistant while
the latter has proven highly resistant."
And so for now we said farewell to this young graduate who has dedicated heraelf,
with her youthful passion, to deciphering the secrets of rust.
COPYRIGHT: BOHEMIA 1981
- 5157
CSO: 5400/7_164
- 24
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PUR ONFIC'IAI, l15l~; ONL.Y
COUNTRY SECTION SURINAME
'ANTI-IMPERIALIST FRONT' SUPPORTS GRENADA
PA260222 Paramaribo PRELA in English to PRELA Havana 2230 GMT 25 Aug 81
[Text] Paramaribo, 25 August (PL)--A Grenada's Foreign Minister Unison Whiteman sper.t
a day in Suriname to inform the government and the people here about the serious
threat of a military invasion from the United States against Grenada. Purpose of his
visit was seeking solidarity with the revolutionary government and the Grenadian
people in their struggle against imperialism. At a press conference this afternoon
Mr Whiteman gave information on Grenada and the possibilities of an American military
invasion. At this conference Suriname's Minister of Police Laurence Neede read a
statement from his government in which the concern and the possibilities of such an
invasion was shared with the Grenada Government. The statement expressed Suriname's
solidarity with the government and the people of Grenada and called any foreign
interference in the internal affairs of Caribbean nations unacceptable. The state-
ment ended with saying that superpowers must not threaten the Caribbean countries
nor by their military nor by any other powers they possess. At the press conference
were also pr8sent representatives from the different organisations who participate
in the anti-imperialist front which is being formed in Suriname. This front gave
out a statement 'in the name of the commander of the national army, leader of the
Front in formation'.
Following is the text of the Front's statement:
1. Taking into account that the North American Government with the arrival of Reagan
has stepped up its aggression against the revolutionary governments in the world and
in particular in Latin America and the Caribbean;
2. Taking into account that they unmistakenly have continuously uttered threats
towards the revolutionary governments of Cuba, Nicaragua and Grenada;
3. Taking into account the continuous reports with relation to military exercises
= in the Caribbean with the object to bring back to power the so-called legal regime
which is said to be overthrown by "rebels";
4. Taking into account the continuous North American attempts to mobilize the
contra-revolutionary elements with the purpose to create an atmosphere of terror,
insecurity and destabilisation on the island;
5. Taking into account the cowardly economic boycott from the side of North
American imperialism against the people of Grenada;
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rV~c urr~a.tr~i. v~c vivi,~
6. Taking into account ~hat the struggle of the Grenadian people for national
liberation and elevation is a part of the worldwide sturggle against imperialism;
7. Taking into account that the peoples of Suriname and Grenada are confronted by
Che same enemy;
We all forcefully condemn all attempts of Yankee imperialism to undermine with the
help of aggression and military intervention the Grenadian revolution while completely
overlooking the right of the Grenadian people to self-determination. We declare our
solidarity with the struggle of the people and the government of Grenada to end once
and for all the economic, political and cultural submission of their country to the
North American imperialism.
Conclusions:
--We want to start a mass campaign for information and discussion about the revolu-~
tionary struggle in Grenada via television, radio, press and organisations of womeri,
farmers, youth and students, etc.
--National, international as well as diplomatic objection to above mentioned attempts
of North American side [as received].
--We want to stress the importance to the policy center and *_he government of Suriname
of giving clear instructions to Suriname's minister of foreign affairs to express
the aforesaid viewpoints, especially during his speech for the General Assembly of
the United Nations.
CSO: 3025/1027 E~
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