JPRS ID: 9828 USSR REPORT ENERGY

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• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~ JPRS L/9828
7 July 1981
USSR Re ~rt
p
E~IERGY
~ (FOUO 8/81)
FBIS FOR~IGN BROADCAST INFOF~MATION SERVICE -
- FOR OFFICfAL US~ ONLY
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_ JPRw L/9828
7 July 1981
USSR REPORT
ENERGY
" (FOUO 8/81)
CONTENTS
ELECTRIC POWER
Electrification of Oil, Gas Industry of Western Siberia
(Yuriy Borisovich Novoselov, et al.; ELEKTRIFIKATSIYA
NEFTYANOY I GASOVOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI ZAPADNOY SIBITI, 1980) 1
.
i ENERGY CONSERVATION
_ Conservation of Fuel Resources in Oil Processing,
Petrochemical Industries
(G. M. Yermelov; EKSPLUATATSIYA, MODERNIZATSIYA I
- REMONT OBORUDOVANIYA V NEFTEPERERABATYVAYUSHCHEY I
. NEFTEKHIMICHESKOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI, No 2, 1981) 7
- FUELS
General Outlines of llth Five-Year Plan Reviewed
(S. S. Alekseyev; EKONOMIKA, ORGAI~IZATSIYA I UPRAVLENIYE V
- NEFTEPFRERABATYVAYUSHCHEY I NEFTEKHIMICHESKOY
PROMYHS,'.,ENNOSTI, No 3, 1981) 12
- - a - [III - USSR - 37 FOUO]
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- ELECTRIC POWER
- ELECTRIFICATION OF OIL, GAS INDUSTRY OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Moscow ELEKTRIFIKATSIYA NEFTYANOY I GASOVOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI ZAPADNOY SIBIRI in
Russian I980 (signed to press 25 Nov 80) pp 1-7, 180-182
[Annotation, introduction and table of contents from book "Electrlficatior_ of the
Oil and Gas Industry of Western Siberia", by Yuriy Borisovich Novoselov, Viktor
Petrovich Roslyakov and Vitaliy Alekse}~evich Shpilevay, Izdatel'stvo "Nedra",
1,1660 copies, 182 pages]
[Text] This book presents a brief description of power equipment, systems for the
control and pawer supply of drilling apparatus, installations for the extraction
and industrial preparation of oil, compressor and pum~ing stations, oil f ie?ds and
gas and oil pipelines. It cites calculations and methods of operating the basic
' electrical e~uipment, networks, relay protection, grQtmding and lighting protection
- based on the specific natural and climatic; conditions of western Siberia. It exam-
ines questions regarding the operational reliability of electrical equipment and
provides recommendations for improving reliability. It broadly reflects the exper-
ien~e gained in the development, introduction and operation of electrical equipment
~ in the oil and gas industry of western Siberia.
,
~ This book is intended for engineering and technical workers in enterprises of the
oil and gas industry of western Siberia and can be useful for all specialists en-
gaged in questions regarding the electrif ication of the oil and gas industry. 20
tables, 52 illustrations, 5 titles in b ibliography.
INTRODUCTION
The opening of the oil and gas-~earing province in western Siberia for an extended
period of time established the prospects for the development of the entire oil and
gas industry of the Soviet T.3nion. In an unprecedentedly brief space of time, a
fuel and power base was created and successfully developed. This fuel and power
base is play�ng a greater and greater role not only in the comprehensive development
of this region but also in the growth o~ the entire country's industrial forces.
The resolutions of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers
sper_ify the development of western Siberia's oil and gas industry on the basis of
the latest achievements of science and technology with the application of the most
up-to-date method~ of exploiting the oil and gas deposits and drilling wells and
with extensive automation of all industrial processes.
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The rapid growth of oil and gas exploitation was insured through the top-priority
development of the largest deposits using high-yield wells; through the yearly in-
crease in the volume and pace of drilling operations; through the introduction of
eff icient systems for the exploitation of oil and gas deposits; through the creative
application of inethods of maintaining the pressure in the formation; through the
industrialization of the drilling for the deposits, etc. From the very beginnjng
of the build-up of the oil and gas industry in western Siberia, a course has been
taken toward the total electrif ication and automation of all industrial processes
_ [3]. Work in these direction s was begun simultaneously with the extraction of the
first tons of Siberian oil. The most power-intensive consumers are the installa-
tions in the system for znaintaining the ~il reservoir pressure and the pumping sta-
tions on the main oil lines.
During the first stage of development of the oil and gas deposits it was seen that
it was possible to use commercial.ly produced automation and electrification equip-
ment under conditior_s f ound in western Siberia. Operational experience and the
results of research have shown, however, that for the reliable operation of automat-
ic devices and electrical equipment at the western Siberian deposits, it is neces-
~ sary to pratect them f rom. the effects of low temperatures.
There was insufficient experience in the industrial operation of electrical equip-
ment, under natural climatic conditions similar to those i_n western Siberia. Thus
the necessi ~y came about of arranging a number of scientific research studies which
would make it possible to establish more efficient operating conditions for elec-
trical equipment and networks and to determine the level of their operational reli-
ab ility .
The western Siberian oil and gas-bearing region ie territorially demarcated into
sufficiently distinct oil and gas provinces. The oil-bearing regions arP basically
- situated on the territory of the central portion of the western Siberian lowlands,
between the southern portion of Siberia and the Far North or, more exactly, near
the center of the Ob' river region. The gas-bearing regions are located on the
territory of the northern portion of western Siberia and the Far North.
The natural climatic and geomorphological characteristics of the western Siberian
lowlands caused a number of complicated problems during the development of these
regions.
The terrain of the regions is low and heavily covered with swamps. The exception
is the natural elevations and watersheds. With respect to their lithographic char-
acteristics, the oil and gas deposits differ little from one another. The differ-
ence is seen basically in the thickness of this or that deposit. The depth of
occurence of the explored productive reservoirs is comparatively shallow. For re-
gions along the Urals, well depths are 1,400 to 1,800 m, 800 to 1,400 m in the Far
North and 2,100 to 2,600 m for the middle Ob' regions. Good prospects in
Tyumenskaya Oblast are assoc iated with the drillir~ of wells at depths of more than
3,500 m. Over the course of the next decade, drilling depths will not undergo great
changes. The average drillin g depths for geological exploration in 1980 were
2,810 m, with 2,480 m being the average depth of operational wells.
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NLY
With regard to the nature of the terrain and the landscape features, the regions
under examination are an integral part of the great erosional-accumulative western
Siberian lowland. Terrain features are dictated by the insignificant elevation
of the expansive, bowl-shaped lowland over sea level and the entire territory's
low degree of drainage. The hydrographic network of the middle Ob' territory ie
comprised of numerous lakes, canals, meanders, microlakes, swamp rivers, streams
and a group of swampy marshes.
A large portion of the oil deposits in the middle Ob' region is located in the flood-
land section of the Ob'. Characteristic f or the Ob' are heavy summer f loods when
- flood waters submerge huge e~panses. The duration of the f looding reaches two
- months. The climate of the middl. Ob' region is acutely continental: it is charac-
terized by a brief, relatively hot summer (max~ ~~m air temperatuxe of +35�C in July)
and a long, frosty winter (minimum air temperature of -55�C). The f rost-f ree period
lasts for 100 to 150 days on the average. The avErage perenn ial air temperature
of the coldest month (January) is -22�C, while for the hottest (July) it is +19�C.
_ The average annual relative humidity of the air is 76 percent.
With repsect to the degree of glaze ice and f rost deposits, the middle Ob' belangs
~ to Region I; it belongs to Region II with respect to wind. The average annual pre-
cipitation is 400 to 500 mm, the largest part of which (47-48 percent) falls during
the warm season (July-August). The abundance of precipitation and the low rate of
evaporation create favorable conditions for the formation of swamps and lakes.
Winter in the region is snowy. The depth of the snow mantle reaches a maximum of
30 to 90 cm in March. A stable covering of snow forms by the end of October and
remains for 190 to 230 days on the average.
In the system of frost-temp~rature zoning of the USSR's territory, the middle Ob'
region is located in the area of seasonal ground freezing, which begins in October-
November and reaches a maximum in March-April. The depth of freezing is 0.2 to
0.6 m in water-saturated peaty soils, 1.2 to 2.5 m in sandy loam and 2.6 to 3.6 m
- in sand.
The development of the oil and gas-bearing regions of western Siberia enta ils great
diff iculties and expense determined by the fast pace of oil and gas extraction as
well as by the special natural, geographic and economic conditions. Characteristic
of the region are a great density of deposits, the comparatively shallow depth of
occurence of oil and gas-bearing reservoirs, the ease of drilling through rock, high
well yiel~, the feasibility of. prolonged gushing, the high quality of oil with a
moderate paraffin content and the absence of salts and sulfur.
The swamps and flooding of the oil-deposit territory brought on by high water dic-
tate the application of multiple well drilling and govern the seasonal movement
of drilling rigs. Arranging the wells in clusters reduces the cost of drilling
foundations, the setting-up and servicing of the wells as well as expenditures for
_ the system of collecting the oil and gas and transporting thers.
A considerable reduction in capital and operational expenses under local conditions
is achieved through colocating the sites of the f ield installations. For oil fields,
this means the colocation of group measuring equipment (GZU), pumping stations (DNS),
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multiple pumping stations (KNS), complex oil-preparation equipment (UKPN) and trans-
former substations. In gas fields, this means the colocation of complex gas-prepa-
ration,equipment (UKPG), compressor stations (KS) and transformer substations. It
also means the consolidation of field supply lines-- pipelines, oil lines, gas lines,
water lines, electric transmission lines, remote-control lines, communication line~
and roads.
Industrial construction methods have received extensive application under the diff i-
cult conditions for the construction of oil-field installations and oil and gas
transportation facilities on swampy territories. Commercial plant production has
- been organized for modular im itized installations which make it possible to reduce
to a minim~n the construction and installation operations at the construction sites.
At the same time, the construction costs and the time needed to put the installa-
tions into operation have b een reduced considerably.
The natural climatic conditions in western Siberia and the very swampy nature of
the territories of the oil and gas deposits have had a considerable inf luence on
the solutions to the problems of electrification of these regions: the selection
of circuit variants for external power supplie~; the design execution of transmis-
sion lines and substations; and the selection of the types of electrical equipment
and electrical materials used in electrical installations.
- All electrical apparatus and electric power equipment installed in the open or in
modules made up of sheet metal will one way or another endure the effect ef severe
climatic conditions. The frequently repeating meteorological extremec~--frequent
transitions of temperature through 0�C, sharp drops in temperature, the comb ination
of low temperatures and strong winds, prolonged periods o.f rain and slush, fog,
etc.--particularly effect the efficiency of electrical equipment.
There are increased demands being placed on electrical equipment installed in the
open. To this type of equipment belong electric motors for rockers, oil pumps and
drilling rigs, transformers of various outputs and voltages, substation equipment,
etc.
The creation of power supply systems and oil-f ield electrical equipment elements
which are economically eff icient under cold climate conditions depends upon how
thoroughly one succeeds in considering the operational characteristics and in deter-
mining the reliability of electrical equipment.
CONTENTS Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � � 3
Chapter 1. Electric power Engineering and External Power Supply 8
General information and basic principles for constructing an electric power
system . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
External power supply.of.oil and gas.f ields . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 2. Electrical Equipment for Drilling Rigs. 27
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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Drilling winch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Braking the drilling winch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
- Drilling pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Auxiliary machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter 3. Electrical pquipment for Oil Extraction Pumping Units and for
Interfield Pumping and Compressor Stations 49
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Deep-well e~ectric pump units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Sucker-rod well-pump units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Regulated pump-wiit drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Interfield pumping and compressor stations . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 4. Electrical Equipment in the System for Maintaining Reservoir
Pre s sure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
- General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Water-intake pumping stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Automated modular pumping stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 5. Electrical Equipment and Electric Power Supply to Msin Pipeline
Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
General characteristics of main pipelines. . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Pumping station electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Electric power supply to pumping stations. . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 6. Electric Power Supply to Oil Field Facilities 91
Drilling rigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Oil-extraction units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Multiple pumping stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Water-supply system for reservoir pressure maintenance 108
Interfield oil-pumping and compressor stations . . . . . . . . . . 112
Chapter 7. Self-Contained Electric Power Sources and Electric Transmission
Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Self-contained power sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Electric transmission lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter 8. Transformer Substations, Switching Gear, Relay Protection and
Automatic Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Transformer substations and switching gear . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Relay protection and automatic devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Chapter 9. Questions of Conserving Electric Power 153
Chapter 10. Operational Reliability of Electrical Equipment 156
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Drilling-rig electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Electrical equipment for reservoir pressure-maintenance units and inter-
field pumping stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Eletrical equipment for oil-extraction units. . . . . . . . . . . 166
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Effect of climatic conditions upon the operational reliability of
- electrical equipment . . . . . . . . 170
Economic questions of improving the.reliability.of�electrical oil-field
equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
- Chapter 11. Operation and Repair of Electrical Equipment and Electrical
Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Servicing and preventive maintenance of electrical equipment 175
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nedra", 1980
9512
CSO: 1822/156
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ENERGY CONSERVATION
t,1DC 658.26,620.9:330.15,665.6,66.013.6
CONSERVATION OF FUEL RESOURCES IN OIL PROCESSING, PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Moscow EKSPLUATATSIYA, NODERNIZATSIYA I REMONT OBORUDOVANIYA V NEFTEPERERABATYVAYU-
SHCHEY Z NEFTEKHIMICI~SKOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI in Russian No 2, 1981 pp 2-5
[Article by G. M. Yermolov, USSR Ministry of the Petrochemical Industrri
[Text) A reduetion of energy expenditures in the oil refining and petrochemical
industries has been a traditional problem of production improvement and is directed
both toward a reduction of expenditures and fuel and enerqy conservation. This is
dictated by the fact that ail refining and petrochemistry are not only energy
' producers but large users as well. Thus, 7 percent of the total refined petroleum
was expended in the form of fuel~ heat and electric power in 1979 for oil refining
and production of petroleum products. The total for direct fuel was 57.3 percent
and the total for thermal and electr~c energy was 33.0 and 9.7 percent,
' respectively.
A reduction of fuel and energy consumption makes it possible to produca additional
petroleum products.
Plans of organization and technical measures for fuel and heat and electric energy
conservation and the maximum use of available secondary energy resourc~s are beinq
developed and implemented systematically at ent~rprises. The main trends of fuel
and energy conservation include:
introduction of modern highly productive combination production units
(ELOU-AVT-6, LK-6u, L-35-11/1000, EP-300 and so on) and products (monomers, syn-
thetic rubber, ammonia and so on) with lower specific consumption and conversion
of production units from operation by the sequential petroleum product refining
mode to operation by the "rigid mode" with supply with raw material that excludes
- superfluous operations on pumping, cooling and subsequent heating (compared to
1980, the consumption of comparison fuel can be reduced by one mi.llion tons; the
consumption of thermal er~ergy can be reduced by 21,800 TJ~and consumption of elec~
tric power can be reduced by 1.5 billion kW h throughout the sector in 1985)f
reconstruction of existing production units and products with an inerease of
their technical and economic indicators by using more improved apparatus and
equipment, h~ghly effective catalysts and modern process flow diagramst
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- creation of an intraplant industrial heating system with maximum use
of secondary eneray resources at large enterprises and reduction of the use of
heating plant water from TETs and boi?er plants;
an increase of furnace efficiency by improving the monitoring of the fuel com~
bustion conditions and equipping them with utility equipment (utility boilers, air
heaters and water economizers);
the use of the chemical heat of low-heat exhaust gas at comanercial carbon
plants for steam generation in utility boilers and also of the physical heat of
the comanercial carbon gas mixture for heatinq the raw material, air and heatinq sys-
tem waterj
conversion of heating industrial and administrative builclings and of heating
pipelines that transport viscous and high-freezing pr.oducts ~rom steam to hot waterj
iizcreasing the efficiency of usinq secondary energy reseurces (the heat of
contact gases and regeneration gases in synthetic rubber production, gas-l~quid
flows in oil refining and petrochemi.stry, the steam from secondary boiling of the
condensate and so on)j
reducinq energy lo~ses in plant heating and electric systems, introduction of
alternate-group self-starting of crucial electric motors and so on.
A total of 2 percent of comparison fuel of the total production use was saved during
the period 1976-1979 as a result of implementing measures on fuel and energy con-
servation at enterprises. Data on conservation of fuel and energy resources are
presented below compared to the planned norms established per unit af refined raw
� material or product produced, in percent:
1976 1977 1978 1979
Fuel 1.38 1.36 2.08 1.65
Thermal Energy 2.30 2.77 2.64 2.07
Electric Power 2�03 2�SD 2�95 2'22
Systematic work is being carried out in oil refininq and petrochemistry to expand
the use of available secondary energy resources. Hundreds of utility boilers are
now operating at enterprises of the sector, which permits the use of the physical
heat of the waste flue gases of furnaces, contact gases and regeneration gases
_ formed during synthetic rubber production and of pyrogas producec~ during ethylene
production.
Significant work is beinq carried out on utilizing the heat of heated product
flows, the steam heat of secondary condensate boilinq and the dead steam of steam
turbines and reciprocating pumps. A total of 10.9 percent o� the total needs of
enterprises of the sector for thermal energy, including 20.2 percent at syntihetic
rubber plants, was provided in 1979 due to generation of thermal energy in utility
plants as a result of increased tension to problems of utilizing secondary energy
resources.
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Z'he greatest success in the use of secondary energy resources was achieved by the
Mozyr NPZ [Petroleum refining plant], the PO [Production associationj Nizhr_ekamsk-
neftekhim, the Novokuybyshev NIQiK [Petrochemical combine], the Toqliatti PO Sin-
tezkauchuk, the Kremenchug NPZ and the Sterlitamak Synthetic Rubber Plant, which
provide their own thermal energy needs at the rate of 30.8, 29.9, 25.4, 21.5, 21.4
and 21.2 percent, respectively, due to the use of secondary resources.
Extensive v~rork has beea done by the Yaroslavl' branah of Rezinoproyekt Institute,
the PO Tekhenergokhimprom, ENIN [Power engineering institute] imen~ G. M.
Krzhizhanovskiy, the Belgorod Boiler Building Plant and enterprises of VPO [All-
Union Production Association] Soyuztekhuglerod on development and introductior; of
utility equipment to burn low-heat exhaust gas (Y,680-3,360 kJ/m3) with moisture
content of more than 40 percent from conmiercial carbon production. 1~. total of
547,000 tons of comparison fuel was conserved in 1979 by burning this qas. W~rk on
' utilization of the exhaust gas has been well set up at the Volgograd, Syzran and
Kremenchug commercial carbon plants.
All-Union competitions for the best suggestion on fuel and electric energy con-
servation, condurted by the VSNTO [All-Union Council of Scientific and 7Cechnfcal
Sucieties] and Gosenergonadzor (State Inspection for Industrial Power ~gineering
and for Power Engineezing SupervisionJ of Minenergo (Diinistry of Power and Electri-
fication~ of the USSR and also public inspections of the efficiency of utilizing
rzw material, materials and fuel and energy resources conducted by Minneftekhim-
prom [Ministry of the Petrochemical Industry] of the USSR and the Central Trade-
Union Committee of Chemical and petrochemical Industry workers, largely contribute
to an increase of the efficiency in use of fuel and thermal and electric energy.
Thus, more than 220,000 persons who made 60,330 innovation proposals participated
in the public inspection of 1979.
Mor.e ~han 48,700 suggestions were implemented during the inspection that made it
possible to achiEVe conservation of material-raw material and fuel and energy re-
sources with 64.8 million rubles. The first prize and presentation of a certifi-
. cate and the challenge Red Banner of the AUCCTU, K~omsomol Central Cottmtittee and
USSR Gossnab were awarded to the Novopolotsk NPZ imeni 25th CPSU Congress for the
results of the public inspection. The N1~zyr NPZ, Ufa Commercial Rubber Products
Plant imeni M. V. Frunze, the Berdyan~k Experimental Petroleum and Oil Plant, the
Omsk Synthetic Rubber Plant, the Kirov Tire Plant and the Volqngrad Commercial
Carbon Plant were awarded certificates o� the AUCCTU, the IGomsomol Central Commit-
tee and USSR Gossnab.
Intrasector inspections for best organization of work on fuel and electric energy
conservation are also being carried out. A total of 1,290 suggestions that made
' it possible to conserve 341,000 tons of comparison fuel, 7,543 TJ of thermal energy
and 290 million kW�h of electric energy was introduced during the inspection of
1979 carried out by tIPO Soyuznefteorgsintez. The best among enterprises of the
VPO Soyuznefteorgsintez were the Syzran, Novopolotsk and Mozyr NPZ. Their achieve-
ment~ were noted by awarding of first, second and third places, reapectively, and
monetary prizes.
Analysis of energy use by the most energy-consuming plants and production proces-
ses and also the periodic seminar schools on exchange of operating experience of
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enterprises to economize in the use of fuel and thermal and electric energy and to
increase the efficiency of utilizing secondary energy resources, conducted by the
Power Engineering Section of the Scientific and Technical Council of Minneftekhim-
prom of the USSR, are of signifi.cant assistance in a thrifty attitude toward con-
- sumption of all types of fuel and energy.
The energy service of the energy and production trust (IPT) Orgneftekhimzavody,
- which starts up and adjusts boilEr plants, production furnaces and thermal systems
and adjusts the water-chemical operating modes of electric power plants, industrial
boiler plants and utility boilers and also the electrical facilities of enterprises,
is of significant assistance in improving the energy management of the sector
- enterprises.
The Kuybyshev EPNB [Power engineering starting-adjusting brigade] of the IPT
Orgneftekhimzavody is successfully adjusting the operating modes of thermal net-
works and is rendering technical assistance in conversian of heating fzom steam to
hot water. The heat supply was improved significantly as a result of converting
users of units 1 and 2 of the Kuybyshev NPZ from steam to hot water, which permit-
ted conservation of 29.4 TJ/year of thermal energy.
The Ryazan' EPNB has developed a device for alternate-group self-starting of elec-
tric motors, production of which has been organized by the Ryazan' Experimental-
Industrial Plant of the NPO Neftekhimavtomatika. This device makes it possible ~o
eliminate disruptions of the production modes of installations for preliminary oil
refining during brief outages of electricity. These devices have been introduced
at the Ryazan', Kremenchug, Krasnovodsk and Novopolotsk NPZ. Calculations show
that the annual saving from using the self-starting devices at AVT-6 installations
exceeds 115,000 rubles.
Work is being carried out at the enterprises with the production of the VNIPIneft'
[All-Union Scientific Research and Planning Institute of Petroleum] to increase the �
degree of heat utilization at AVT and AT installations by selecting the optimum
coolant flow rates and of increasing the mean thermal heads in each heat exchanqer.
A program for calculating the heat transfer modes using camputers has been devel-
oped at VNIPIneft' for the AVT-3.5 installation. The oil temperature before the
K-1 column has been raised to 40-45�C as a result of reframing the existing heat-
exchange apparatus, which made it possible to reduce fuel consumption by 14,000
tons, to cut off eight air cooling apparatus with total established power of the
electric motors of 560 kW and moreover to increase the productivity of the instal-
. lation by relieving the "hot jet" furnace of the K-1 column.
Much attention is being devoted at Giprokauchuk [5tate Planning and Scientific
- Research Institute of the Synthetic Rubber Industry] to efficient use of secondary
energy resources. The institute is continuously working on improving the process
fl~w diagrams and the use of more efficient and economical engineering solutions.
Thus, absorption lithium bromide cooling units of type ABIQzA-5000 desiqned for
- cooling water to 7�C are used extensively in its designs. Secondary energy re-
sources--hot water with temperature of 90 and 95�C produced in the dehydration
furnaces, are used as the coolant in these instarlations. These installations are
now in operation at the PO Nizhnekamskneftekhim and at the Sterlitamak Synthetic
Rubber Plant. The savings '~rom introducing one installation comprises 80,000
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_ rubles annually. It is planned to introduce 12 additional ABI~A-5000 installa-
tions in 1950-1982.
Schemes for using the heat of the desorbed solvent ccoled from 160 to 6I�C and
also the heat of the secondary s~eam and condensate at butadiene separation and
purification installations by the extractive rectification method, developed by
Giprokauchuk, have been introduced at PO Nizhnekamskneftekhim, which permits a sav-
ing of 113.4 GJ/hr of thermal energy in a single installation. A similar scheme is
operating in the same association at installations for isoprene separation and pur-
ification by the extractive rectification metY,od, which utilize the heat of *..he
desorbed extracting agent taken from the stills of the desorption column with tem-
perature of 156�C. An improved.scheme for degasification of rubber, developed by
Giprokauchuk, has been introduced at the Yefremov Synthetic Rubber Plant, wriich
made it possible to increase produc:t output and also the reduce heat consumption
from 34.4 to 31.1 G7 per ton of rubber.
Enterprises of the oil refining and petrochemical industry widely recruit academic
and sector scientific research institutes in solution of problems on fuel and ener-
gy resource conservation. The Novopolotsk NPZ and the Novopolotsk Polytechnical
Institute, the PO Kuybyshevnerteorgsintez and the Tolgliatti PO Sintezkauchuk co-
operate closely in this field with the Kuybyshev and Tolgliatti Polytechnical
Institutes.
, Enterprises of the sector are conducting work to reduce the ~ronsumption of electric
power in cooling units in cooperation with the Leningrad Production Institute of
the Refrigerator Industry. Specifically, the PO Fergananefteorgsintez is working
jointly with this institute on sharing of coolant users by the equal tempe�rature
boiling curves with simultaneous introduction of pumping schemes for delivery of
cooling agent to :.rystallizers, while the VNIPIenergoorom [All-Union Scientific
Research and Planning Institute of the Power ~gineering Industry] is conducting
work to increase the efficiency of utilizing low-potential heat, includinq t~at
fram use of steam-compressor heat-pumping installations.
Problems of energy resource utilization can be solved tnc~st efficiently only pro-
vided that the energy schemes of production processes are considered together with
technology. A laboratory of energy technology has been created .in this regard at
VNIPIneft' and an intersector department for raising the qualifications of power
engineers and technicians of industrial enterprises and planning c~rganizations for
chemical industry technology has been organ~zed at the Kuybyshev Polytechnical
Institute.
_ Recognizing that a thrifty attitude toward consumption of fuel and thermal and
electric energy and also maximum use of existing secondary eneruy resources will
contribute to stable support of the oil refining and petrochemical industry with
- fuel and energy, the industrial associations and enterprises jointl~ with planning
and scientific research institutes have developed plans for organizational and
technical measures on conservation of fuel and energy resources during the llth
Five-Year Plan. The knowledge, experience, energy and enthusiasm of sector workers
will be directed toward implemEnting these plans.
COPYRIGHT: Tsentral'nyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy neftepererabatyvayushchey i neftekhimicheskoy
promyshlennosti, 1981
6521
Cso: 1822/161 11
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FUELS'
UDC 658.3:301:665.6 "1981/1986"
- GENERAL OUTLINES OF 11TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN REVIEWED
Moscow EKONOMIKA, ORGANIZATSIYA I UPRAVLENIYE V NEFTEPERERABATYVAYUSHCHEY I
_ NEFTEKHIMICHESKOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI in Russian No 3, 1981 pp 2-4
- [Article by S. S. Alekseyev, secretary of the Central Committee of the Chemical
and Petrochemical Workers Union ."The Horizons of the llth Five-Year Plan"]
[Text] "The starting point of the party, political approach to economics has
~ been and still is the immutable program requirement - everything on behalf of the
human being, everything for the benefit of human beings," said General Secretary
of the CPSU Central Committee Comrade L. I. Brezhnev in his report at the 26th
CPSU Congres5.1 As we summarize the results of the lOth Five-Year Plan today,
~ we see again how consistently and purposefully the Leninist Party car,r.ies out
its policy aimed at a further improvement in the well-being of the Soviet people.
A major step forward was made in solving social problems during these five years.
The lOth Five-Year Plan will take a worthy place in the history of the heroic
achievements of the Soviet people, who are marching confidently forward to
communism. It confirmed the correctne5s of the economic strategy worked out at
the 24th and 25th party congresses, a strategy that aims at a profound change in
the economy toward solving the many diverse problems related to improving public
well-being.
- The following figures show convincingly how much was achieved in the lOth Five-
Year Plan. National income rose 400 billion rubles in comparison with the Ninth
Five-Year Plan, while the volume of industrial output increased 717 billion rubles
and agricultural output rose 50 billion rubles. Four-fifths of national income
was used directly for public needs, housing, and sociocultural construction.
Capital investment in the national economy was 635 billion rubles. Fixed capital
increased 40 percent. More than 1,200 large industrial enterpr~ses were launched.
The production of consumer goods rose 21 percent, including 41 percent for
cultural-domestic goods. The assortment of consumer goods was broader and their
quality improved.
1 PRAVDA 24 February 1981.
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The volume of production of miner~i fertilizers, synthetic resins and plastics,
chemical fibers and tfireads, moror vehicle ar.d agricultural tires~ products of
_ microbiological synthesis, and consumer goods increased significantly in the
- pgat five-year plan.
During these five years 329 billion rubles more than in the Ninth Five Year Plan
was appropriated from national income to raise the standard of living. The
avera~e wages of workers and employees for the country as a whele rose more than
15 percent, and in our sectors of industry it is now 183 rubles a month. Pay-
ments fr~m public consumption funds rose from 354 rubles per capita in 1975 to
438 rubles in 1980.
= Housing with a total area of 530 million sQuar~ meters was built during the five
. years and more than SO million people improved their housing conditions, includ-
ing 600,000 working people in our sector and members of their fanilies. The
' network of vacation lodges, sanitariums, children's preschool institutions, and
Pioneer camps grew.
Steps were taken to protect the environment, use natural resources rationally,
and reproduce them. The sectors of industry covered by our trade union alone
spent more than 1 billion rubles for these purgoses in the lOth Five-Year Plari.
The principal objective of the llth ~ive-Year Plan is to insure further. growth
in the well-being of the Soviet people on the basis of. stable, consistent de-
velopment of the national economy, switching the economy to the intensive path
of development, more rational use of our country's production potential, ac-
celerating scientific-technical progress, conserving all types of resources by
every means, and improving the quality of work.
The draft of the CPSU Central Committee for the 26th party congress envisions
further development of the entire national economy, which will insure an in-
crease of 18-20 percer..t in the national income used for consumption and savings
needs.
The most important jobs of industry are: more fully meeting economic needs for
means of production and public demand for consumer goods; raising the quality of
output; and, intensification of production on the basis of allout utilization of
scientific-technical advances. An increase in the production and improvement in
the quality of goods to meet public demand is considered a paramount task for
all sectors of industry, enterprises, and organizations and an object of special
concern to party, Soviet, trade union, and economic bodies.
Great importance is attached to the development of the chemical, petrochemical,
petroleum refining, and microbiological industries. The total vulume of output
for these sectors will be roughly 63 billion rubles in 1985 compared to 49.6
billion in 1980. The production of mineral fertilizer will increase to 150-155
million tons, the production of concentrated and mixed mineral fertilizers will
be extended, and their quality will improve.
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The production of chemical fibers and threads will rise to 1.6 million tons
. and the production of synthetic resins and plast:tcs to 6'6.25 million tons.
There will be further development of the production of high-grade polymers with
- assigned tecfinical characteristics, including reinforced and filled plastics.
_ The production of plastic pipe will be increased also.
There will be a rise in the production of synthetic rubber to replace natural
rubber. Tire life will be extended, and the production of tires for heavy-
duty dump trucks and scrapers wiil be expanded.
In the petroleum refining industry the efficiency of use of petroleum should be
raised with deeper processing and a reducti~n in losses of petroleum and
petr.oleum products.
Large production facilities for aromatic hydrocarbons, liquid paraffins, ethy-
lene, and petroleum electrode coke are to be incorporated. The production of
highly efficient additives to fuels and lubricants will increase.
The quality of petroleum products produced will rise. There will be further
standardization of the grades of lubricating oil, greases, and motor and furnace
fuels.
In the upcoming five~year plan 2,500 kilometers of petroleum product pipelines,
more than 700 new vehicle refueling stations, and 22 petroleum depots will be
built.
The scale and pace of the country's economic development is determined in large
part by the pace and quality of construction. Capital investment in the national
economy during these five years will increase by 12-15 percent.
= In those sectors of industry covered by the trade union the volume of
capital investment in this five-year plan will be more than 70 billion rubles,
almost double the previous level. Construction plans envision launching pro-
- duction facilities at the Tobl'sk Petrochemical Combine, the Tomsk Chemical
Plant, and the Novopolotskiy Polimir Production Association, as well as phos-
phorite extraction capacities in the Karatau Basin and Aktyubinskaya Oblast.
Construction will be completed at the Chimkent and Chardzhou petroleu~ re-
fineries and at the second phase of the Mazheykskiy petroleum refinery.
The challenge is being posed of achieving a fundamental improvement in capital
construction ~d raising the efficiency of capital investment. To accomplish
this~primary attention is to be focused on insuring timely introduction of fixed
capital and production capacities, concentrating resources at the most important
projects, directing capital investment on a priority basis to reconstruction
- and technical-reequipping of enterprises and completion of projects begun
earlier, reducing construction time, and improving planning and estimate work.
Ey the end of the five-year plan labor productivity in the chemical, petroleum
_ refining, and petrochemical industries should rise 28-35 percent. The planned
growth in production volume is to he achieved primarily by raising labor
productivity.
, 1L~
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During tfie new five--year plan fuller satisfaction of the growing material and
nonmaterial needs of the people and furthsr ;mprovement in tfis social. struc~
ture of Soviet society are to b.e accomplish.ed on tTie Fiasis of economic growth
and raising the efficiency of public p~roduction.
It is impossible not to see the scale and truly comprehensive nature of the
planned measures. During the llth Five-Year Plan the interests of all strata
- of the population and all categories of workers and the uniqueness of living and
working conditions in different parts of the country will be thoroughly and
carefully considered. The program of social development covers practically all
aspects of life, labor, rest, education, and indocirination of Soviet people.
Further growth in personal income is an important facet of improving well-being.
Real per capita income will increase 16-18 percent during these five years. The
average monthly wages of workers and employees will rise 13-16 percent to I90-
155 rubles by 1985. In addition, payments from public consumption funds will
rise 20 percent.
As conditions are created and resources accumulate the minimum wages of workers
and employees will gradually be raised, first of all in the production sectore.
Regional coefficients to the wages of workers and employees, where they have not
- already been established, will be instituted in the Urals and certain rayons of
Kazakhstan. A supplement will also be established to the wages of workers and
employees for continuous work in the southern part of the Far East and Eastern
Siberia. The amounts of additional pay for work at night will increase.
A consistent policy will be followed of improving the housing conditions of
Soviet people. During the five years a total of 530-540 million square meters
of housing space should be put into use. The network of general educational
schools, nursery schools, and daycare centers will expand.
There will be further improvement in the working and living conditions of working
women. Beginning in 1981 a system of partially paid leave time to care for
children until they reach the age of one will be instituted by regions of the
country for working women. The minimum amounts of pensions for old age, disa-
bility, and loss of a breadwinner will increase.
The Communist Party assigns an important and honorable place in implementation
of its social programs to the trade unions, who will put it into effect, as be-
fore, in two principal ways. In the first place, trade unions do this by exer-
cising a vigorous influence toward raising public production and labor produc-
tivity, accelerating scientific-technical progress, improving the forms of
participation by working people in production management, and improving the
quality of work in all elements of the national economy by every means. In the
second place, this is accomplished when the trade unions expand their functions
directly related tr~ improving the well-being and upbringing of Soviet people
and making better use of our steadily growing material and other capabilities
_ for these purposes.
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The definitive tasks of the llth Five Year Plan are the followfing:
1. Improving working conditions and support of labor,
protection of labor, full development of socialist
competition, enhancing the effect of material and
moral stimuli on production growth, improving tfie
quality of outp ut, economical use of material re-
sources, and str engthening labor discipline;
~ 2, Improving social insuxance, insuring the organization
of active and c ulturally-oriented recreation activi-
ties for workin g people, increasing the network of
sanitariums, vac ation lodges, and resort hotels, and
developing physi cal training and sports;
3. Creating condit ions that are even more favorable for
solving one of the principal problems of building
communism - shaping the new, broadly developed type
of human beings; teaching people a communist atti- ~
tude toward lab o r and public property; raising the
creative activi sm of working people, public conscious-
ness, and the level of education, culture, and pro-
fessional training; strengthening the material base
of cultural est ablishments.
- While significantly expandin g public funds in the new five-year plan, the party
particularly ~~resses the ne ed to increase their role in solving socioeconomic
problems.
Expenditures in the state so cial insurance budget will increase substantially
in 1981-1985. In connection with this the republic, kray, oblast, and city
committees of the trade union must see to rational and efficient use of this
capital in the interests of best meeting the needs of the working people.
Steps will be taken on a bro ad front in the llth Five-Year Plan to improve
safety precautions and make working conditions more healthy. This must be
closely tied to raising lab o r productivity and the quality of output and bolster-
ing environmental protection.
The program of economic deve lopment and improving public well-being outlined by
the CPSU Central Committee i s a large one, but entirely realistic. The trade
unions must make even fu112r use of all their potential to involve working
people extenslvely in pract ical implementation of this ma~estic program for the
development of Soviet societ y.
COPYRIGHT: Tsentral'nyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut informatsii i
tekhniko-ekor~omicheskiky issledovaniy neftepererabatyvayushchey i
neftekhimicheskoy promyshlennosti, 1981
11,176
CSO: 1833/168 END
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