JPRS ID: 9799 JAPAN REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 64
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 38
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF~CIAL USE ONL~'
JPRS L/9799
19 June 1981
Ja an Re ort
p p
(FOUO 37/81)
FBIS ~OREIGN ~'ROADCAST INFORM~TION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original informa.tion was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
_ given by source .
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
- cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE REST~ICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/9799
19 June 1981
JAPAN REPORT
(FOUO 37/81)
CONTENTS
POLITICAI: AND SOCIOLOGICAL
~ Citizens' Anxiety Over Defense, Security Reported
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, various dates) 1
SCIENCE APdD TECHNOLOGY '
Basic Technology's Systematization, Consolidation Essential
(Taro Kuninobu; NIKKE:C ELECTRONICS, 13 Apr 81) 8
Electronics Industry Must Maintain Quality Control
(Katsutaro Kataoka; NIKKEI ELECTRONICS, 13 Apr 81) 11
1
Electronicy Industry To Be 10 Trillion Yen Industry in 1981
(Shozo Watanabe; NIKKEI ELECTRONICS, 13 Apr 81) 14
Challenge To Continuous Steelmaking
(DIAMOND'S INDUSTRIA, May 81) 19
Marine Resource Development Technology To Be Promoted
(NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN, various datea) 22
Mel-Laser Challenges a 20-kW Output
(DIAMOND'S INDUSTRZA, May 81) 40
Details Given on GEKKO XII Module Glass Laser Syatem
(LASFR KETIKYU~ Jan 81) 42
Amplification Properties, by Junji Kuroda, et al.
Performance Evaluation, by Junji Kuroda,
Yoshiaki Kato
- a - [III - ASIA - 111 FOUO]
Fnn n~~rrr ~ r i TCC ANi V
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
POLITICAL AND SOCIOI,OGICAL
CITIZENS' ANXIETY OVER DEFENSE,.SECURITY REPORTED
- Toleyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 25,26,27,29,30,31 May 81
[First 6 installments of a 12-part article: "Anxiety Over Def ense & Security"]
- [25 May S1 p 1]
- [Text] There has been growing anxiety in Japaa over
- the security of the sea-lanea in the south as well as
- over the oft-repeated "Soviet threat" in the north.
Against this backdrop, Japan's defense budget has grown
steadily while calls are bein~ increasingly heard for
the legislation of a new "Constitution," nationalization
of Yasukuni Shrine, a Shinto sanctuary dedicated to the
war dead, and state contr~l of education.
Theories advocat3ng "faith in national power" and
"national interest" have been gaining momentum--more
- than ever before.
- These political phenomena are derived from the "crisis"
or "national defense buildup" concept which has been
prompted by.recent international tenaion.
The MAINIC~iI DAILY NEWS reports, in 12 instalments, about
the lives of the Japanese who live with $rowing feelings
of "crisis" toward national security.
~oexi4tence With the Soviets
On a snowy day in February Fishermen in the mnnicipal the actual catch was only
this ear, a Russian-language flshermen's assoctation were arbnnd six tons. He protested,
broadcast, originating from talking abou+ the poor haul of a "I paid the Soviets 25 percent of
Sakhalln, reached-asusval- boat which had earlier par- the haul as fishing tee. The
Wakkanai City in the northern- ticlpated in a joint S~viet- profit? About 300,00o yen at
most island of Hokkaido. It Japanese fishing operation in best..."
could be heard cIearly in the the Okhotsk Sea. The fisherman explained that
~ city which Is some 42 kilometers Despite the official quota - he has been taking part in the
from the tip of the Soviet�held 600 tons of prawns, the ship joint operat!~r. for the past
- island. � _ . owner said with a wry smiZe, several years - and has suf-
~J.. .
1
l FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000404020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
fered losses amounting to 100 between Sakhaiin and
million yen. Hokkaido?"
Why do so many fishermen The mayor said that Soviet
set sail for the north sea to risk natural gas would help Japan
such massive losses? cope with the energy crisis.
An association .official sa[d~ ~ p~ Neighbors
`~This is because fishing is the
only' means of making a living Both the mayor and the
in this city." Under private tishertnen's association official
agreements with the Soviets, stressed that although Japan
local fishermen are allow~rl to should keep its mutual security
catch prawns andcrabs. treaty with the United States
Fi~~g I~d~~ and matntain the Self-Defense
Forces, the Japanese must
The Japanese fishermen hope co~xist with the Soviets--
the fishing agreements will be Japan'snetghbors.
expanded so that they will be But an adverse wind is
able to catch Alaska pollack, a. blowing from the central
delicacy in Japaa, in the near government. An offlcial at the
future. Agriculture, Forestry and
- Since 1977, operations o~ Fisheries Ministry said that
Japanese pelagic and offshore "it's their (fishermen's)
fishing boats have been r~~~ity ~ participate in
restricted by the 200 nautical- the joink .fishing operation. But
mlle zones declared by foreign ~,?1e Sovie~s make Hght of the
countries. Ships belonging to Japanese nshermea who ap-
the local fishermen's associa- pear willing to yield to
tion have been seriously af- whatever conditioa4 the Soviets
fected .by t6e restriction. As a � propose."
result, hauls of Alasga pollack Japanese government of-
have been reduced irom 580,OOU ficials are rather cool towazd
to 260,090 tons over the years. ~e Sakhalin aatural ~ gas
"The poorer the haul, the proj~t, the trans-
higher the pdce," lamented the pa~~ion of the ~gas by ship
. association official. "Yet, the between Sakhalin, TakYo and
cost of fuel oil and fishing gear Osaka is being taken up for
keeps rlsing. We can hardly discussion on a private basis. If
inake both ends meek" such talks produce a~ business
It is true Wat more and moce ~ contract, it is likely that
tishernnen are.idling theic time yVakkanai'City will be leftout.
awayduringweekdays. City ofEicials are trying
Wakkanai .Mayor Tatsuo desperately to win Soviet favor
Hamamori said thgt both by opening a Japan-Soviet
municipal and prefectural Friendship Hall - in the hope
governments will set aside a that a ferry service will be
- special budget of 8 million yen linked between the clty an:l
to study the inhoduction of Sakhalin. ~
Soviet naEural gas from the ~ A city official said that both
Sakhalin continental shelf to the Soviets and the Americans
Hokkaido. Mayor Hamamori are very.cheerful individually,
said enthusiastically, "Both adding: "But once they sit down
West Gern?any and France to state-level talks, they change
receive Soviet gas over 3,000- their attitudes toward a spirit of
kilometer pipelines. Why nationalism - something the
shouldn't this city take ad- Japanese cannot easily com-
vantage of our geographical ~ prehend."
proximity .in laying pipeltnes
2
- F~: ?t OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
[26 May 81 p 3 .
[Text~ Return of Four Northern Islands
In the mayor's otfice from ~ Shikotan aad Etorofu. official said they were on a
which snow�covered Kunashiri Takamotu said that at talks public relief wi~rk project
Island can be seen in the held between Tokyo and because of recent poor hauls.
distance, Nemuro Mayor Isao Moscow 25 years ago, the Soviet Because ot poor buslness, the
Terasbima met two New Year's Union promised Japan that they official explaiaed, the tax
visitors. The two visitors would return the Habomai and coUectio~n ratio in their city is
argued ln the mayor'S presence Shikotan islands to Japan only the lowest among khe 31 cities in
about the return of the four when a peace treaty is initialed Hokkaido.
Japanese northern islands held by thetwo countrles. lg g~. Subsidy
by the Soviet Unioa ~ "But no Islands will be ,
"How irresponsible you are to returned. to Japan as long as To help revitalize the clty, the~
advocate the retuni of only two Japan maiatalns the mutual central g~vernment will shortly
islands," one guest told the security treaty ~vith the United extend a._subsidy__totallna 18
other, who . readlly retorted, St~:tes and regards the Soviet biDiori yen ta Nemuro end three
~~Doa't talk nonsease. Be more Unlon with hostWty," he said. other neighboring towns for the
realistic about the actual On the other haad, Yanai construction of an observation
situation surrounding the four asserted that some 17,000 to~ver on Cape Nosappu, high-
~1~~ � ,~apanese were for~ed to leave ways and ports. Artifical tlsh
The mayor listened to thelr the four islands at the end of the breeding is also envisaged.
argumeat in silence. last war. "Some 30 percent ot Hanasaki Port, once the most
One guest was Sholchi tbe evacuees gre de~%~ unable thriving salmon�trout fishtng
Takamoto, president oi the to realize their dream of port~ has been hIt by the
Nemuro Fishery Association retur~nB to the is~ands~'~ he business siump. A loca~l
and the other Mitsuo Yanami, went on. "Now that khe ^.entral primary school princlpal said
chalrman of the Nemuro governmeat_has started ln the aumber ot school~chtldren at
municipal organization to earnest -~to promofe the return . his school has decreased by 100
promote the return of�the four of the four islaads, sucb a to 180 dnring the rast three
northernLslands. `weak-kneed' compromise years. The school is In~own for
Takamoto, who supports the should not be voiced." its education encouraging the
return of two islands "for the "How can we comive at return oi trie toyr islands.
ti me be in g, " s a id tha t `uulawtul Soviet occapation' ot The prin~ipal said a recent
"fishermen In this city have the islands," he adc~ed. "For the opinion poll conducted among
been completely exhausted by benefit ot the local~ ecoaomy, children tndlcated that they
the northem islands dispute." too, we canaot put the islands in regard the Soviets as a cunning,
He stressed that they cannot `Soviet hoc~."' i m p u d e nt, , g r e e d y~ a n d
wait patiently for the tour The Nemuro munlcipal otiice treacherous country.
islands' return in view of their has open e
d t
h
e Nem
u
r
o~ S o v ie
t H
e a l s o s a i d t h a t t h e c h ll dren,
hard-pcessed 11vinB� Friendship Society in t6e clty when asked what Japan should
hall, promotiag varions do in return for the northern
2 Islaads girst Russian cultural pro~ams for islands, replled that Japan 1 t
~`Japan should sit for 1oca1 residents. should pramote iriendshlp with
The sxiety baa s nded the the Soviets, Z) should start war
negotiations with the Soviet to ro~ s~ce last~ear aiter with the Soviets, and 3) should
let Moscow return two islands." p~ y attack the Soviet Unlon with
he ir.sisted. "It's a matter of tife the return�the-tour�islands ;~uclear weapons, in thls order.
ordeathforlocalfishermen." ~~P~B~B~~~momentum. The chlldrea's opinlons
The four islands in question A group of lceal fishermen may be reAecting those ot thetr
are Kunashirl, Habomai, were seen working tor a city p~rents.
~ wn~truction project. A city ~
3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000404020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[27 May 81 p 3]
(Text] Poachers Acti~~~e Behind Scenes
Some 30 urchin poachers section of Nemuro City. Three Fishermen's Association said.
were operating near the Soviet- collies romped in the snow- that Prime Mlnister Zenko
held Kaigara island. This was covered front yard. Neighbors Suzuki must be well aware of
some 3.7 kilometers from Cape said his residence has six roams the negotiations the Japanese
Nosapp~. Yet, tlie area beyond on th~e first floor and six rooms had with the Soviets in Muscew
= 1.8 k.ilometers from the cape is on the second floor, adding that in 1977.
witntn "Soviet territoria! the owner has lo "national Suzuki, then minIster of
waters." treasure-cl~ss" Japanese agriculture, forestry and
Bath Japanese and Soviet SWO;~, fisheries, who was negotiating
' coast guards patrol their Urchin poachers can make a with the Soviets over the
= territccial waters in close haul wort~ 400,000 to 500,000 yen demareation of a 200-nautical
proxicicty. Most Japanese in two or three hours of fLshing, mile fishing zone, sald:
poaching boats are equipped it is said. Police reported that "I want Japanese flshermen
with ~wo powerful American- 107 poachers were rounded up to continue catching sea tangle
~ made ~utboard engines. They last ye~ar. Officials could aot ~~d Kaigara Island. ~ut the
can cruise at the .maximum arrest the poachers, however, Soviets insist that Soviet fishing
~ hourly speed of 80 kilometers; in violatlon ot the Emigration be allowed withi?i Japanese
iar surpassing the speed of and Immigration Control Law Wa~~,
Japanese and Snvlet patroi because the fishing grounds ~e ~ector, who was also in
~a~, where they poached are Moscow for the negotiations.
ln addition, these poachers originally within Japanese said that "ii the Japanese
can "easily" enter Soviet territorialwaters. delegation permits Soviet
territorial waters, to the The waters around Kaigara fish~ng in Japanese waters, the
chagrin of Japaaese patrol Island were the "richest" Diet ratification of :he fishing
officials. One ofiicial said that fishing grounds� for local agr~ement will be ruined. We'll,
they were very cuaning and (~hermen until recently. In the theretore, give up catching sea
elusive, always monltoring lgSpS.gps, fishermen caught sea tan~le at Kaigara."
patroi informatlon beforehand. ~g~e by dsking arrest. Loc~l fishery officials have
Among the~poaching boats, The late Tatsunosuke been visiting Moscow to seek
some 30 repo boats are active Takasaki, then chalrman ot the Soviet permission for Japanese
on the scen~.'Fhe "repo" boat is Japan Fisheries Associakion, s~a tapgle fishing. The Soviets
a vQSSeI which is allowed to took a serious view of the only repeat that Japan should
operate in Soviet waters freely Japanese fish~rmen's risky obey Soviet law.
in exchange for giving the operatian and devoted most of . If the Japanese observe the
Soviets expensive giits and/or his later years to the conclusion law, the officials fear, Japan's
sensitive iniormation on Japan. of a private [lshing agi~eement claim over the four northern
Japanese police otficlals said W~th the Sovlet Union. islands will crumble.
that the gifts that Japanese
poachers have given the Soviets Subsequently, Japanese Local flshermen are hard~
include color TV sets, panty- fishermen were allowed to pressed because of chronic poor
_ hose and even Japanese- catch sea tangle for about 14 hauls. The fishermen's
made bulldozers, addin~ that ~ Years in exchange for paying association is reportedly suf-
bulldozers, believed to be gifts ~e ~viets fishing fees. fering fram a debt of some 12
from fishermen, were spotted As a resulk the local economy billion yen.
running on Kunashiri Island t~~ for the better, resulting One elderiy fishermea said,
from time to time. ~~e ~~struction boom of . �~r}~y shaWdn't we obey Soviet
fishermen s houses. law? Will observance of Soviet
`Repo' Boats law impair the prestige of
The owner of "repo" boats Negotiations In'7? Japan? We're struggltng for our
lives in an imposing mansion- A director at the Nemuro living..."
like residence located on a hilly
4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
. [29 May 81 p 3]
[Text] Beyoncl Hatred in the Past
A monument standing on a Memorial Hall stands In front of Sarufutsu ~lain, a tundra�like
beach at Sarafutsu Village, the cenotaph. The hall, which peat moor where the Imr~riai
about a one-hour automobile was built ~a~ith donations from Army bullt an airfield ~efore
ride from Cape Soya, is the Soviet Unio~n, displays the end of the la~t war by
� dedicated to the souls of some R u s s i an f ol k c,r a f ts a nd m^hilizing 300 Korean workers.
700 S~oviet sailnrs who died in costumes in showrooms. Some 150 Korean workers
the sinkit~~ of a Sovi~t treighter Also on display was the image died by the war's end.
in stormy seas off thls village in of Nikolai Lenin. A cenotaph was built at a
Deceu3ber 1939. The village offlcial said he temple in memory of their
'1'he tragic Incideat occurred was drafted by the Japanese ~WS�
~ half a year after ~he Japanese Imperial Army to flght in A 7~-Year-old prtest, who was
~ Kwantung Artny suftered a Manchuria in 1945. Atter the tormerly an Imperial vavy

~ crushing defeat at Fhe hands of war. he said, he was forced to officer, built the cenotaph to
the Soviet Artny ~n thQ famed work as a F'OW for the Sovtets atone for the crime the
Nomonhan Incident. in Tashkent for three years. JapanesQ Imperial Army had
A� village oificial explalned "I was engaged in canal� committed against the Korean
- that villagers recovered the ditching work under terrible warkers.
~ bodies of Sovi~t sailors, conditions - lack of food, cruel The priest, who fought in the
cremated their remains and temperature - burning hot in Marshall Islands in the Pacific.
prayed for their souls � even the daytime and freezing at explained that "the Korean
c~uring the last war. ~ night, and unsanitary con- workers were brought here and .
~ The JapanPSe mi:i~ary pnl(ce ditions," he recalled, forced to work despite meager
often tried to s:~p the villagers "I was lucky I was able to food rations."
~ from obseeving the anniversaty rPturn home alive and well. Do I Worse still, he said, Japanese
- ot their deat6s~ sayiug "WhY do have spite against the soldiers shot and killed Korean
you have to pray for the souls of ~ workers who attempted to tlee.
Russians? No, I doe ~ teel anY ~e airfield was completed
= men from a Red counfry'" bitterness toward them any but only one afrcr~ft took otf
= more. I know I've overcome my
I,pC,810gpOSition old hatred ot the Sovlets." from the airtield-three times
Ten years ago, on the 33rd by the war's end.
anniversary oi their deaths, a Friendship Halls The Buddhist prlest sald that
_ move was initiated ~ by some Soviet-Ja an Friendship most victims were brought
villa ers to build a cenotaph. from the northern part of Korea
8 Halls are lopcated in Sapporo, ~pr~ntly North Korea~, ad-
Alt6ough some residents, who Kushiro and other cities. ThE ~g that because North Korea
were formerly evacuees from h~ (n Sapporo City is a~ and Japan have ao dlplomatic
- Sakhalin. opposed Ehe move, present holding varfous lecture retations, the North Koreans
they finally agreed to donate ~neetings on Soviet culture as cannot visit the cenotaph.
money for th~ construction ot well as a Russian language And now, people who are
; the monument. course for the beaeflt of loca: concerned a~out the Soviet
Later, Wakkanal City and cltizens. threat say that Soviet troops
other towns joined in the fund- From the top of the hall in may occupy the moor and build
~ raising drive. Sarututsu Village in northern an afrile?d should hostillties
i The Sovtet-Japan Frieadship Hokkaido, one can look over the bEgin.
- North Okhotsk Sea and the
~
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
r~uK urN~~ciAL u5E oNt,Y
[30 May 81 p 3]
[Textj SDF Presence in Okinawa
Recent opinion palls show injured from remote islands to have been visiting t6e gover-
that the majority of Japanese hospitals in the city on mercy nor's office at all times of the
people approve of the Self- missions." day.
Defense Forces. In Okinawa, He continued in protest, And, the leader explaiaed, the
which ls knovvn as an "antiwar "Why is the SDF called a killer more the SDF is helping
prefecture through and group?" Okinawa in civil projects-the
through," more and more The prefectural assembly construction of roads aud
people are acknowledging the hall was thrown into utter fishiag ports, the sound-
SDF. confusion as opposition proofing of buildings, dud
Ten years have passed since assemblymsn reacted strongly disposal and so forth-the more
SDF personnel ~ere stationed ta his speech. Opposition and wider support the local
in Japan's southernmost assemblymea and antiwar people are extending to the
prefecture. Although the groups immediately staged a SDF.
Okinawa people had long op- massive rally in and around the A recent newspaper survey
posed SDF recruitment, the hall against SDF recruitment. showed that the number of
present lJunji) Nishime ad- On Dec. 24 last year, the Okinawans who still oppose the
m i n i s t r a t i o n f o r m a 11 y assembly authorized recruit- SDF account for only oae-third �
- authorized recruitment of SDF ment by a vote of 23 to 22. of the total population.
personnel, thus imperiling the ~ ,
antiwar stronghold in the island SDF `Counteroffenslve More Recruits
prefecture. It is said that the SDF's SDF recruiting officers said
A 59-year-old Okinawa ~~counteroffensive" is that more and more �local
prefectural assembiyman, who remarkable in the antiwar yout6s had joined the forces in
was formerly a major general prefecture. For exampl~:, the recent years, with the number
of the Ground Self-Defense . SDF forced a local education of recruits for 1979 totaling 213.
Force, recalled the day when board to invite SDF personnel, Anti-SDF leaders said that
the first SDF detachment Who had turned ?A, to a Comiag� ~eY Would never yield to the .
landed in the prefecture amid of=Age cetemony In January ever-growing SDF presence in~
jeers and signs of protest from this year despite the board's ~e P~fectnre, adding that the
some 30,~000 antiwar, anti-SDF origlnal refusal to do so. oppasitioa is now geazed up for
demonstrators. High-ranking SDF ofiicials a unified antiSDF movement.
Because of gi~owing anti-SDF said that they refused the It is true that more and more
sentiments, the assemblyman education board's original ~~aw~ P~Ople do not identify
went on, SDF personnel were decision because it would the SDF with the detnnct Im-
provisioned for a long siege. violate the human rights of SDF Perial Arn�Y~ Whtch ignored
Compared with the e~~ent 10 human rights.and even the lives
years ago, he stressed, a debate ~en the ofticial invitatioa of many Islanders during the
at tbe prefec.tural assembly came to the SDF barracks last war. �
One local prlmarY school
over the authorization of SDF rathe.* belatedly, the otflcials teacher lamented that school-
recruitment last year was an explained. children learn about the
easy job. A leader of the Okinawa tragedles of the last war that
The Liberal-Democratic Teach~:~ Union which is oP- befell the islanders, but soom.
Party assemblyman spoke in posed to SDF recnutment said forget about them. "They visit
support of recruitment. that "since Nishime became various battlegrounds like
- Defying hecklinB from op- Okinawa governor, the SDF s Mabuni Hill," the teacher
position assemblymen, he said ~pacification` activity has added, "but they don't seem
that the SDF is serving the gatned ground, and more aad ~p~~ ~ much as I thought
publlc in many ways, adding more unifarmed SDF officers ~ey WoWd."
that "for instance, SDF
helicopters ferry the sick and
6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL LSE ONLY
[31 May 81 p 3]
[Text] Chitose--SDF Base Town
Citizens of the city of Chitose, blyman who recently bolted the Tsuburaya Race
which is often referred to as the Japan Socialist Party said that The Tsuburaya Memorial
~~front door ot Hokkaido, "it is nonsensical to call for the Marathoa was held in
ccexist well r with the Self- abolition of rhe SDF which is of Koriyama City, Fukushima
Defense Forces. The city has a great help to the development of prr:~acture, last 1~'ovember, and
the local economy."
population ot 67,000, including particlpated in by local citizeas
some 20,000 SDF personnel $~ow FestiV81 and SDF personnel. The
from the GSDF Seventh memorial race is observed
Divislon and the ASDF Second The SDF ~s instrumental ln a~nuaAy in memory of the late
Air Wing. holding the Sapporo Snow Lt. Kokichi � Tsuburaya who
The city has 32 assemblymen, ' Festival, wtuch is becoming placed third In tbe marathon in
1G of whom are formerly SDF more and more famous at home tbe 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games.
personnel. The may~r holds the as well as abroad in recent He wss a man of small build
title ot "presideat ot an yea~� - just 162 centimeters tall
Each year in mid-January, Wei ~4 kilograms - but
assistance an~ fr`endsi?ip ot thousands of SDF per- ~g ompletel exhausted,
association for the SUF'." though Y
A ranking city officlal ~oid, sonnel and hundreds ot dump he finished the race which
"~Ye re ard the SDF as a big are mobilized for about imp~~ the Japanese people
B two weeks to transport snow deeply.
enterprise because we can ~d ice to the festi~al site aad ~en-DA Director General
depend on it for the city's produce gigantic sculptures in JWya Koi~umi, delighted aith
economic deve~apment." the torm of Japanese legendary h~ outstandin$ performance,
Tl~e city's tinances are in the ftgures or TV monsters. conferred a special medal on
black. During the past 10 years, Festival offlcials are thantcful Tsuburaya, then a sergeant.
the central government has to the SDF tor their saow and Four y~ars later-on Jan. 9,
extended some 27 blllion yen in iCe ~Wptures - a major at- lgg~, shortly before the Mexico
SDF-relate~i subsidies to the traction in the festival. Yet, Olympic Games~ he committed
city. local women's gr4ups have S~clde leaving a note to his
It is well known that the voiced their opposition to SDF pazep~ Which read: "I'm too
government is ~ subsidizing the assistance because "it smacks t~,~
mualcipal government in the of mflitary revlval In Japan." The late noveltst Yukio
hope that the citizens will fuUy One ranking SDF ~oificer M~h{ma lamented his death as
support aRd even assist the SDF confided that the SDF s~ar- a~~her4ic death." He was
units, the only combat-ready ticlpatlon in the snow festival is promoted to first lieutenant
fighting force in Hokkaido. somewhat of a burden because s~~o~~y,
One business executive, who they have to "do field trainia~ ~g~ ~ut the memorial
- was recently transferred from daily." marathon race,, a local senior
Tokyo to Chitose, said he was He added that "we're pac'- ~gh achool princtpal said that
_ surprised at how warmly ticipating in the testival in a bid students parttcipate because it
municipal assemblymen greet to promote uaderstanding and is a sporting event.
and treat the SDF officers and friendship with the local It is believed, however, that
men. P~PIe~" the SDF is promoting the event
One independent assem- to publtcize ftseli as well as to
promote mutual understanding
, with the citizens.
COPYRYGHT: MAINICIiI DAILX NEWS 1981
. CSO: 4120
7
FOR OFF[CIAL USE O1VLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040400020038-4
FOR OEFICIAL US~ ONLY
SCI.EIICE AND TECHNOLOGY
BASIC TECHNOLOG'Y~S SYSTEMATIZATION, CONSOLIDATION ESSENTIAL
Tokyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese No 262, 13 Apr 81 p 251
_ [Article by Taro Kuninobu, president of Matsushita Electronic Parts]
[Text~ Production Scale of Japan~s Electronics Industry....
An industry canno t grow if it hangs onto a single article and tries only to improve
and renovate it. It can grow only by developing new technologies and new products.
In the case of the electronics industry, there are the beginnings for new under-
takings involving super LSI (large-scale integration), optical communications,
robots, and new materials such as amorphaus and ceramic. And many more new
fields wi~J open up as a rasult of research and development undertaken today and
tomorrow. Furthermore, when we look at the field of application we can easily
see that electronics have infiltrated deeply into every single industry so that
its base has e:tpanded enormously. However, application of electronics to various
fields has just started. Based on these observations, the electronics industry
is expected to continue to grow for some time to come.
Sales Scale....
Sales last year reached 200 billion yen without counting connection, and 225
billion yen counting connection. Of these, sales.related to VTR (Video Tape
Recordin~) excluding tapes amounted to 17 p~rcent or so of the total sales
volume. Production of VTR tapes has reached a volume of 1 million reels a month.
The export rate of single units amounted to approximately.20 percent of the sales
of this company, and the export rate i.s expected to increase continuously in tlne
future.
The 1981 sales goal with a 35 percent increase is expected to be achieved with
confidence. For the next 10 years, an average annual growth rate of 1,0-15
percent appears quite feasible. In the past, our business was centered around
parts and accessories. The constitution of the parts business has changed
drastically in recent years. The work process has undergone a fundamental change
from manufacturing parts such as resistors and condensers to manufac~uring
systems and subsyste~s. As a result, the added value increased and so did the
sales. ~Those lines of traditional and older products have been further reduced
in size and increased in reliability. On the other hand, many lines of new
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFI(;IAL USE ONLY ~
products are being developed aggressiv~ely. We wish to ~ucceed especially in the
field of manufacturing parts consisting of semiconductors and ICs from systemati-
zation of operation.
Number of Emplayees....
The total numb~r of employees included in related companies is today 12,000.
During the past 5 years, oLr sales scale approximately do ubl~:d while the number
of employees r~mained the same. We feel that we can increase production without
increasing the number of employees appreciably.
Whether Productivity Will Continue To Increase....
Probably there is much room for further rationalizRtion. However, rationalization
does not maan reducing the number of employees or holding down wages. In order
to manufacture a prcduct of extremely high prec3sion, quality, and reliability,
hwnan hands are no longer dependable; we must depend on ma.chines to do this type
of work. This type of work consists of a mixture between mass production of a
small variety of parts and small volume production of a large variety of parts.
Most of the parts which are mass-produced are either systematized or made in
board form. However, there is still a considerable market for industrial parts.
Systematizatiori belongs to the future. Sy~stematized products have larger added
values naturally, so that the productivity will increase. The pereonnel
expenditure wil.l not be the main part of the production coat in the future. The
indication in recent years is to count "the depreciation cost and the material
cost as the basic cost."
The Leading Products in the Future....
The leading products in the future will be those related to communications, memory,
and recording. Computers, especially, will become houaehold articles soon. And
every computer needs its memory. We will develop from scratch new memory devices
using magnetic materials. In fact, there are so many thinge that we can do that
we are at a loss which one to develop first.
The Fund for Research and Development....
Officially it is said to be 3 percent of the sales. But thie includes only the
direct cost of the research and development groups belonging to various Matsushita
research centers. The shape and performance of every electronic part will not
remain fixed for long, but will change and make progreas atep by etep. Therefore,
if the research and development expenditure of every businese department is
included, the total research and development fund comes to approximately 10
percent of t~e sales. As the goal becomes better defined in the future, the ratio
of the research and development fund to sales probably will decrease graduaily.
~ Tixe ratio ~.s probably at its peak today.
' ~ 9
FOR OFFI~CIAf~ US~ a~JL~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400440020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The Fields in k~hich Research and Development Will RP Emphasized in the Future...
There are many. We wi11 try to find the best materials for various electronic
parts, be it the base material for the magnetic tape, magnetic material, or
amorphous material.
The Strength of International Competitive Edge of Electronic Parts....
We will remain strong for a long time to come. For example, if what we are doing
is taken up by the developing countries of today, there are always a large numbe~:
of new things that can be done such as developing new technology to increase
further reliability and Japan's industry is in a good position to undertake these
challenges. This is the national character of the Japanese which cannot be changed
in a short time.
COPYRIGHT: Nikkei-McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1981
9113
CSO: 8129/1G21-C
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL"Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL tJSE ONLY
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY MUST MAINTAIN QUALITY CONTROL
Tokyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese No 262, 13 Apr 81 p 252
[Article by Katsutaro Kataoka, president of Alps Electronics Company]
[Text] Production Scale of Electronics Industry in the Next 10 Years....
I think this industry is highly favored. A transceiver boom which was triggered
by the oil shock was followed by a tremendously vigorous growth in microcomputers.
At the same time, VTR [Video Tape Recording] began to stand up. As a result, the
electronics industry showed a growth rate of 25 perGent in 1980 and the 1981 growth
rate, too, is expected to be of the order of 15 percent. Although it is very
diff icult to ma.ke a guess further ahead, home computerization, computer
application to household appliances and apecial terminal facilities are expected
_ to become very popular in the foreseeable future. M~oreover, invasion by
electronics in those traditionally mechanical devices such as cameras, business
machines and automobiles has only begim. Taking all these into consideration,
I feel that the electronics industry can very well grow in 10 years to twice
today~s size.
Electronic Parts Export in the Future....
The export situations are quite different with general electronic parts and
with semiconductor parts. In case of general electronic parts, the prediction
that "Southeast Asia with Japan at the center will ~ecome the supply base for
the world's household appliance~parts" has come true. This situation probably
will not change for the next 10 years. However, the number~ of manufacturers of
household electronic devices in the West ia decreasing so that ws are loaing our
trading partners there. Therefore, as far as general electronic parts are
concerned, no trade friction will develop as a result of increased export.
General Parts Manufacturing Plant Export....
Ir_ order to avoid friction, approximately 50 percent of added values must be left
- at the spet. The majority of the ma3or set manufacturers have already laid
foundations for the on-site production, and even the parts manufacturing plants,
especially the standard parts manufacturing plants and automated plants, will be
exported in the future. However, it is imposaible to prepare on-site the ~reat
variety of parts manufactured in Japan.
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
On-site Production in Cooperation With the West....
There have been many requests. But we have so far declined all. Because, there
is too great a discrepancy in the social structure and management concept. I
myself have organized a number of cooperative ventures in the past with some
success and some failure. Based on my own experience, I would say it won~t work.
Possibility of Maintaining High Reliability and Quality in the Future....
Once, there was a word "inspection" in Japan but the word "quality control" was
missing from its vocabulary. We learned the word from the United States. That
same United States has gone wrong. The one, to whom we had approached with
humility in order to be taught, has now reversed the role. This is such a
tremendous difference. However, it is a great mistake to think thgt now Japan
is number one. They will definitely come back after learning the lesson. You
can understand it very well if you only study history. Aowever, I think it will
take at least 10 years before they can catch up. Therefore, the 1980~s ar.e
very important years to Japan. To begin with, Japanese polit~cs and society
must not let its people fall into an idle habit. The situations in West Germany
in recent years provide a mirror for us to reflect upon.
The Number of Employees in the Future....
Necessary personnel will be added. A natural increase in the number of employees
such as when a new business is established is quite all right. However, the
per capita salea was 100,000 yen per month in the early 1930~E and it was 1.42
million yen per month in 1980. This trend of growth is expected to remain
unchanged.
Whether the Productivity Will Continue To Grow in the Future....
Automation is advancing at a tremendous pace. Measuring instruments and
manufacturing equipment using microcoa~puters are increasing in number. Obsolete
equipments are quickly re~ected and replaced by new ones. From late last year to
late this year, our company will invest 20 billion yen on equipment. On the
other hand, the products are becoming smaller in size, lighter in weight, and
thinner, and tt?e added values have increased as a reault of reduced material
cost.
The Sales Scale in the FuCure....
The 1980 sales reached 145 billion yen and the future sales goal is tentatively '
set at 200 bil].ion yen. We think this goal is definitely achievable by 1983 or
1984. Although we don't know what it is going to be like 10 years hence, the
figures of future plans submitted by the heads of various business departments
the other day added up to be 330 b illion yen. We think this goal is achievable
within 5 years.
12
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The Scale of Res~arch and Development Fund....
Out of a monthly sales of 12 billion yen 200 million yen are spent on research and
development. It is a purely research and development fund and daes not include
expenditure for the establishment of a market. With a fund of this size something
substantial can be done. Products which take a long time to develop often have
a long life as well. Management ought to consider matters in terms of a 5-year
cycle.
~ The Fut~ire Posture of Your Company and its Leading Aroducts....
Probably not much change will take place during the next 5-year period. We will
continue to work on those finished products based on the technology peculiar to
our company. Speaking of finished products, we will no doubt consider adding
semiconductor elements to the existing technology, such as special terminal
machines referred to in the beginning. We would also like to manufacture ICa,
but, of course, there is no use to start now. However, since ICs are indispensable
in our finished products, we will get ourselves involved in the design of ICs
and the design of their masks.
COPYRIGHT: Nikkei-McGraw-Hill Inc, 1981
9113
CSO: 8I29/1021-C
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-04850R040440020038-4
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
.
SCY~NCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TO BE 10 TRILLION YEN INDUSTRY IN 1981
Tokyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese No 262, 13 Apr 81 pp 254-255
[Article by Shozo Watanabe, assistant editor]
[Texg] Gist: Due to the stable prices, the true personal income of the consumers
and their desire to buy during 1981 will be greater than in 1980. The value of
the yen will remain high, but not so high as to hurt t~ie export competitive edge
of Japan's electronics industry. Therefore, the demands here and abroad on the
traditional household electric appliances centered around color TV will remain
at an all time high level. VTR which grew at a redoubling pace during 1980 will
continue to grow at a rapid pace during 1981 and its output is expected to surpass
color TV. With. the addition of video discs, the household electronic machines
are expected to regain their growth power during 1981.
On the other hand, there exists a strong desire to invest in equipment insid~
= industrial circles, and computers and measurement instruments are expected to
show a continued high growth rate during 1981. However, communications equipr~ent
has reached a atable growth stage, while ME machines have begun to slow down, so
that the relative weight of business electronic machines wi11 decrease somewhat.
The electronic parts will continue to grow at a brisk pace during 1981 thanks tc~
the growth in various types of ma.chines related to VTR and computers and the
infiltration of many other areas by electronics. As a result, the production
scale of Japan's electronics industry is expected to top 10 trillion yen.
In order to compile the 1981 perspective of Ja.pan's electronics industry, NIKKEI
ELECTRONICS as usual distributed the questionnaires to 207 departments of 95
domestic manufacturers of electronic machines and 163 departments of 86 companies
responded. In addition to the data gathered from these questionnaires, we
were assisted by the industrial investigation department of Japan Industrial Bank,
the lst and 2d industrial departmenta of the editorial bureau of NIPPON KEIZAI
SHIMBUN and NIKKEI BUSINFSS.
With a Growth Rate of Slightly Less Than 15 Percent, Gross Product To Top 10
Trillion Yen
The results obtained from compiling the responses to the questionnaires are as
- shown in Table 1. According to these data, the gross product of Japan's
electronics industry during 1981 is expected to grow 14.7 percent over the
11~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
previous year and top over 10 trillion yen, reaching 10,588,600,000,000 yen.
Although the 1481 growth rate will not equal that of the previ~us year of
23.4 percent (estimated), the domestic 3emand is expected to increase over the
previous year while the export environment is not expected to worsen either.
Therefore, Japan~s electronics induetry will probably ahow a high rate of growth
3 years in a row.
_ Household Electronic Machines Ma.ke a Comeback onto the High Growth Rate Line
All three departments including household electronic machines, industrial electric
machines, and electronic parts grew together during 1980. The growth rate of the
household electronic machines was the highest, amounting to 29 percent over the
previous yea.r. Export of the existing ma3or machines such as color TVa, tape
recorders, and stereo components by every manufacturer grew more than 30 percent,
while domestic shipment of color TVe also set a historic high rec~rd. These
contributed to the significant growth of domestic product~on~ In addition, VTR
grew at a redoubling pace compared with the previous year.
Namely, in addition to the amooth growth of the existing products, the growth
of VTR contributed to the high rate of growth in 1980. The situationa remain
approximately the same in 1981. Althou~h a significant growth in color TV ie
considered impossible, the high level of domestic demand will be maintained while
export is expected to increase over the previous year. Approximately 80 percent
of VTR products are exported, but the rate of popularization in Japan, the
. United States; and Western Europe ia still today on the order of a aingle digit.
However, true popularization will come in the future, and the demands here and
abroad will be so high that the manufactures will not be able to produce enough
_ equipment. The value of total VTR products in 1981 is expected to exceed that
of color TV and occupy the largest share of the household electronic machines.
In 1981, new products such as video discs and digital audio diaca will be added,
and activities related to the development of the next large-scale merchandiae
such as VTR contained inside a camera wi1Z become more brisk. The~e is no longer
a sense of saturatedness in the f.ield of houaehold electronic ma:.hines which was
felt over the past several years. We might say that a strong ~rowth power. has
been restored i.n the form of adding ne~ merchandise to the traditional products
which are growing steadily. As a result, thia department is expected to grow 13.2
- percent over the previous year to reach 3,652,700,000,000 yen during 1981. The
composition ratio will be down 0.5 points from the previous year but will be
up 1 point from 1979.
The Specific Weight of Industrial Electronic Machines Will Drop
The industrial electronic machine production is expected to grow 14.2 perc:ent
over the previous year to reach 3,715,400,000,000 y~n during 1981. Computers
and the related equipment are estimated to have grown 19.6 percent to reac:h
1,365,000,000,000 yen in 1980. A growth rate of nearly 20 percent is expected
during 1981. The brand-new large-scale machines made public by various manu-
facturers of general purpose machines during the latter half of 1980 have picked
up such a tremendous volume of order that a brisk market activity of these large-
scale machines ia expected during 1981.
15
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
On the other hand, in the area of computer export, personal computer. export has
- been newly added to the tradi~ional general-purpose OEM computer exported by
the domestic machine manufacturers and the priva~e company-brand com~puter
export centered around the office computers, so that 1981 ia going to be a,year
of export rush. Personal computers in particular are beginning to shuw a growth
pattern characteristic of this export leadership type comparable to household
products.
Supported by a strong desire to invest in equipment by the indusCrial circles,
the measurement instruments are expected to continue growth at the same rate of
17.6 percent during 1981 as in the previous year. In the f ield of industrial
instruments in particular, the electronics industrial circles have carryover
orders in large numbers, so, although there exists some uncertainty in the export
picture, production is expected to grow 20 percent over the previous year. In
the field of ineasurement instruments, significant growth is expected to continue
during 1981 in general and LSI testers in particular, thanks to aggressive
investment in t.he equipment made by every semiconductor manufacturer.
In contrast, the domestic production of communications equipment will not see
significant growth because of the difficulty encountered by the Nippon Telegraphy
and Telephone I'ub~.ic Corporation in raising its materials fund and the effect
of the open-door policy. The ma.nufacturers are all at once switching over to the
needs of the private sectors such as facsimile and information processing machines.
The growth during 1981 in this field is expected to be a steady 8 percent. The
ME machines which had shown a high rate of growth in the past several years began
to show a slack recently and the growth rate is expected to drop significantly.
As a result, the composition ratio of the industrial electronic machines will
drop another 0.1 point in addition to a drop of 2.2 points in the previous year
and become 35.1 percent.
Electronic Parts Wil~ Continue To Sail Before the Wind
Electronic parts re:gistered a record high growth rate of 25.9 percent in 1980 over
the previous year. Increased demand on VTR, information processing ma~hines,
increased expor.t� and the expanded market reaulting from infiltration into
various other tic~lds by electronics, all contributed to expand the scale of
electronic parts production. The production acale is expected to grow 17.1
percent over tt~e previous year to 3.22 trillion yen during 1981. As a result,
its composition ratio will increase 0.6 points over the previous year and become
30.4 percent.
Among the gener.al electronic parts, th.e structural parts and magnetic tapes are ~
expected to conrt.nue a high rate of growth. Although the IC department in
general is alsc~ expected to,sail before the wind during 1981, when the state of
oversupply of t40S memory centered around the 16K RAM will be dissolved, it remains
a source of concern. If the state of oversupply were to continue to the end of
this year, the growth rate would have to be modified downward. However,
industxial circles are planning to invest in equipment more this year than in the
previous year considering that the oversupply is limited to the memory oniy. The
trade friction surrountling the semiconductros is in a state of lull at the
16
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF~CIAL USE ONLY
moment, but there is sufficisnt dangel� of rekindling the conflict if a lar.ge
volume of Japanese made 54K RAM were to pour into the U.S. market.
A Pivotal Year for the Future Development
_ During 1981, the domestic demand is expected to turn for the b~etter while the
export environment is expected not to worsen any more. Then, it is almost certain
that Japan's electronics industry will go over the 10 tr.il~ion yen mark in
products. It was in 1966, when mass production of color TVs was established,
the production scale went over the 1 trillion yen mark. Since then, except for
a few exceptions, we expanded the scale of our operation by the method of
introducing a technolo gy from abroad, improving it, then masa-producing it,
and exporting more than 50 percent of the total product. A production scale of
10 trillion yen means that it can compete for the lat or 2d place with the
automotive industry (including parts) among all domestic machinery induetries. It
is also equivalent to approximately one-fourth of the total demand on electronic
machines and parts of the three areas--United States, Western Eurape, and Japan--
combined. Expansion beyond this scale based only on the improvement of the
existing products will probably be ditficult to achieve, while new technologies
that may be introduced from abroad arc also growing relatively smaller ir. number.
After all, the future expansion posture will probably have to be one of developing
a new market with a product developed by our own power. VTR as a part of the
- household electronic machines is an excellent example. Standing on an industrial
foundation valued at 10 trillion yen, 1981 may be reckoned as a pfvotal year which
marks a starting point for new development.
Table 1 Perspective of 1981 Japan's Electronics Induatry (Unit: million yen)
~t , ea~a ~s ~r~ a ~t~~~~~d ~r ~~u~t~ : ioo~r~
) _
~ ss~ c~r~~ ~s~w ss~~s
~ t~c~~l cat~c%~l tt~~~c~~l ~=?~c~) ~n~c~~
~6~ ~~~~~.~~(gt}) 2,501.237 3,228,800 3,852,700 129.0 113.2
(~3.51 (35,0) 134,5J
~ 7~ pg~ < o~} ) 2,371,843 3,095,000 3,519,T00 130.5 113.7
~8~ ~~~~~~~~g~}) 2,792,890 3,252,800 3,715,400 118.5 114.2
,37.4) (36.2) (35,1J
pl ~ g~}) 2,600,947 3,038,100 3,494,400 118,8 115,0
~b 7J~1-'g~S~~I;IIi~~~t 1,141,179 1,385,000 1,836,000 119,8 119,9
1 1 178248 214,300 245,000 120,? 114.3
12 gZ,pgp lpg,pp0 117,700 115.1 111.0
1~ ~p~~~~g� 571.000 622,700 664,100 112,3 108.0
1 ~,p~;~{~~~ 307,700 364,500 401,600 118.5 110.?
~~~}~lgg 310,740 365,600 430,000 117.7 117.6
1 191,943 214,500 221,000 111,8 103.Q
~i.~~~~~~~g}t~ 2,183,239 2,749,430 3.220,b20 125.9 117 1
i~9.21 (29.81 (30.4i
iQ #t~Pilil~f'dll~~�a8R a 4fl~fi96 50,400 50~800 103.5 100.8
lc~ -A~R=Fffli~p 1,141i,554 1,427,200 1,655,900 124.3 116.0
20 310,3'l0 373,380 415,420 120.3 111.3
'21 2~7,zso 2rr,a~o ~zs,soo iis.s iio.a
IC 418.379 601,000 768,900 143.6 127.9
22 g~ 7,477,388 9,228,830 10,598.820 123.4 114.7
~ 23~ '~~It ~ pry; < a!t ) 7,156,025 8,882,530 10,234,620 124.1 115.2
~ 1
17
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF~CIAL USE ONLY
KEY :
1. 1979 (actual results) jcomposition ratio (percent)]
2. 1980 (estimate) [composition ratic (percent)]
= 3. 1981 (pro~ection) [composatioa~ ratio (percent)]
4. 1979/80 fiscal year (percent)
~ 5. 1980/81 fiscal year (percent)
6. Household electronic machines (sum total)
7. Sum excluding electronic range
8. Industrial electronic machi.nes (sum total)
9. Sum excluding electronic calculator
10. Computers and related equipment
11. Electronics-applied equipment
12. Medical e~.ectronic equipment
13. Wire communications equipment
14. Wir~less communications equipment
15. Electric meters - - - -
16. Electronic calculators
17. Electronic parts (sum total)
18. Parts for wire communications equipment
19. General electronic parts
2t~. Electron tubes
21. Semiconductora
22. Sum total
23. Sum excluding electronic range and calculators
COPYRIGHT: Nikkei-McGraw-Hill Inc, 1981
9113
CSO: 8129/1021.-C
18
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFI(:'IAL USF. ONLY
SCIENCE AND TECEINOLOGY J~`~
CHALLENGE TO CONTINUOUS STEELMAKING
Tokyo DIAMOND'S INDUSTRIA in English Vol 11, No 5 May 81 pp 21-22
[Text]
On April 28, the ceremony to mark Agency (Division Director: Ryuichi
the inaugural blow-in of the cupola for Nakagawa, doctor of engineering). The
a pilot~plant for continuous steelmak- main purpose of the research project
ing was held at the Tomakomai Works is development of technology for con-
of Shimizu Steel Co. in the Tomako- tinuous steelmaking for which
mai industdal complex now under industrialized countdes an conducting
construction. The pilot plant was built researches on varied systems and none
to carry out a research project for con- of them have developed a practical
tinuous steelmaking using car scrap system. Today, steelmaking is practis�
steel, which was commissioned to ed by batch processing by a converter,
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in April, an~ open-hearth fumance or an electric
1980, by the Research Development fumace. If the technology for continu-
Cocp. of Japan (JRDC). The term ous steelmaking was developed, an
given for development is up to unmanned steel mill could become a
September, 1982. Facilities of the reality. This, of course, would be an
plant go into operation one by one, epoch-making development that would
and full-scale test operations are totally change the world's steelmaking
expected to begin this summer. The system.
steel production capacity of the pilot However, some countdes have
plant is 10,000 tons a month (scraps suspended research on the new system
ot about 25,000 passenger cazs are to for technical, cost and other reasons.
be used). The billets to be produced Japan is the only country that con-
will be used to make steel bars by tinues a large�scaYe research project.
Shimizu Steel. JRDC was established in July, 1961,
Basic research in this field of tech- with a govemment fund. It commis-
nology has been conducted since 1964 sions development of new techno-
by the Metal Processing Division of logies to private institudons and manu� ~
the National Research Institute for facturers. The research on contlnuous
Mtetals :~f the Science and Technology steeunaking is a big project carrying
~o
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFIf~IAL USE ONLY
H gat ptoc~uinp unit
ooke lims
rtone .
blovwr
scrap
~ ox~?gen ~
; ~ 74 ~
~ ~ ~ additive materisls
~
cupola / , continuous casting machine
holding furnace l 1 /
cone~nuou. scNlnukirq Preau refining furnace ~
grading furnace billets
- - - -
an outlay of ~1,359.6 million and steel scraps are melted by the
(approx. $6,500,000). heat of coke flame. Molten pig iron
The continuous steelmaking system flows out continuously from the
developed by the National Research cupola. It Is desulphated and its
Institure for Metals adopts a multi- quality is unifoaned in the holding
staged system in which fumaces fumace. Molten pig iron is flown into
having different functions are connect- the refining fumace at a given speed to
ed continuously. ~ Basic data were be refined by blowing oxygen. In the
obtained through research by use of grading fumace, materials are added to
a mathemadcal model and a water- molten steel W ad~,jwt its contents.
using model and then by an experi- Molten ~teel is drawn as billets by the
mental plant capable of making 8 tons continuous casting machine.
of steel per hour. Then a 15 tons per Ie the new system, all major steel-
hour plant was built at the Hiroshima making processes are carried out in
Shipyard & Engine Works of Mitsu- diffennt fumaces. It is, therefore, easy
bishi Heavy Industries to obtain to adopt a computer control system.
basic data for building a large pilot All the fumaces are closed, and gases
plant. dischazged by them are processed in a
Now, the time has come for the different facility. Since it is a conti-
construcdon of a pilot plant for nuous process, it does not produce a
industrial use. Mitsubishi built con� large amount of gas at a time. This
tinuous casting facilities for Shimizu means Iarge-sized gas processing equip-
Steel in the past. This time, it built ment is not needed. Nor are cranes to
- a pilot plant in the wide premises of carry ladles. Therefon, the costs of
Tomakomai Works of Shimizu Steel. plant and equipment are lower than
The plant consists of a cupola, a those of conventional systems.
holding fumace, a refining fumace, a It also consumes less electric power,
grading fumace and a continuous since its main fuel is coke. According
casting machine. Steel scraps, coke and to a projection, the new plant con-
lime stone are put in the cupola, sumes 50 kWh to make a ton of steel,
20
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R004400020038-4
FOR OFFI(''[AL 11SE ONLY
compared with 45U^~500 kWh for serve the purposes. The new process
the conventional electric furnace. can properly treat bulky car scraps,
The yield rate is 9596 a's against 88%^- which contain large amounts of many
90�Io for the electric fumace. The new kinds of matedals and are shunned by
system requires 30 persons, while the steelmakers using electric fumaces. It
electric fumace is manned by 50 can also use reduced iron. Since the
workers. cupola and the blast furnace have
Research on continuous steelmak- practically the same structure, though
ing began to raise productivit,~ and different in size, the continous steel-
lower costs. But now the project is making process can also apply to the
also aimed at conserving energy and blast fumace. The pilot plant may
natural resources and protecting the lead the steel industry to a great
environment. And this proc'ss can future.
.;OPYRIGHT: Diamond Lead Co., Ltd. 198].
CSO: 4120/235
21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R004400020038-4
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
SCTf:NCL ANI) TECHNOLOGY
MARINE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY TO BE PROMOTED ~
Tokyo NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 10,12,13,18,19,20 Feb 81
~Part 1, 10 Feb 81 p 13]
[Text] The ocean is said to be "the only frontier l.eft '
on earth for mankind." However, on the one hand, its
severe enviroment affected by rapidly changing weather
conditions and pressure increases of 1 atmosphere for
every 10 meters of depth has kept man from easily utiliz-
ing it. But, as land resources and energy are beginning
~
to become limited, increasing interest has been shown in
the ocean as the "treasure chest of resources." The
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea that de- .
termines the new international order of the sea, has the
prospect to arrive at a final consensus and signing of
the Law of the Sea Treaty in September this year at the
= Caracas, Venezuela conference. Under such circumstances,
a full-scale "ocean development era" is about to begin for
the development of manganese nodules that lie in the deep
seabed and the seabed petroleum of the continental shelves.
We shall examine the future outlook by focusing on the
current state of marine resources development.
A~~l~earance of Shinkai
'I'I~c~ higgest topic this year in Japanese marine development is the launching
and beginning of submersion tests of the 2,000 lan-class submersible ship
- "Shinkai 2000." Submersible ships are equivalent to spaceships ixi the space
development program. 'The landing of the spaceship Apollo on the moon and the
fi.rst lunar fiel.d survey by man enabled rapid progress in subsequent space de-
velopment. Similarly, it is believed that the actual survey of the deep sea by
re5earchers using submersibles will Uring the solution of mysteries such as the
production process of manganese nodules in the deep seabed one after another.
"Shinkai 2000" is 9.3 meters in length and weighs 24 tons. Three persons are
on board, and the vehicle moves about at the depth of 2,000 meters along the
sea bottom at a speed of 1 knot. The crew members can photograph seabed condi-
tions t!sing a television camera and sample seabed minerals using a manipulator.
It is the lSth submersible in the world that can dive to a depth of 2,000 meters.
2?
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ON~,Y
After conducting various tests, "Shinkai 2000" which was launched in January
will begin test submersions at Ushiomisaki offshore at Wakayama Prefecture in
about May, and work toward the goal of submerging to a depth of 2,000 meters
in August. Thereafter, the ship is to be delivered by the manufacturer, Mit-
subishi Heavy Industries, at the end of October to the o4mer, the Center for
Marine Science and Technology. Full-scale surveys will begin in about 1983.
It is expected to demonstrate its power in surveys of mineral resources such
as manganese nodules, seabed petroleum in the deep sea area of the Japan Sea
and natural gas reserves.
As if to respond to the new Japanese movement, the UN Conference on the Law of
the Sea--in which the North and the South have continued to h~ive disagreements
for a long time--is expected to settle these problems during the year. The Law
of the Sea Treaty to be signed at the Caracas conference will become the "con-
stitution" for the future use of the world's oceans. A new international order
of the sea that conforms to the structure of the international society of today
will be decided concerning the territorial se~, the high seas, continental
shelves, as well as the development of manganese nodules, prevention of ocean
pollution, scientific surveys, etc. The treaty is an enormous document consist-
ing of 320 main articles and 119 articles in the annexes totalling 439. Since
ratification by 60 countries is conditional for the treaty to become effective,
it is expected to take 6-8 years for it to demonstrate its actual effect.
Even though the e�fectuation is 6 years ahead, the fact that a new order of the
sea has been agreed upon is likely to further accelerate the ocean [resource]
development of various countries in the world. In order to store inde~,endent
technological forces in Japan, the goverrunent will embark on a comprehensive
marine technological development program beginning in JFY 1981. In particular,
the policy is to proceed on four fronts: 1) ocean surveys which involve detailed
exploration of the deep seabeds adjacent to Japan and in the Pacific Ocean,
2) resources development such as developing manganese nodules, 3) research and
development of ocean energy such as wave power generation, ocean thermal energy
conversion, etc. and 4) utilization of space above the sea.
_ Exploitation of the Continental Shelves
In order to obtain petroleum, natura:t gas, or manganese nodu].es from the sea,
the project includes exploitation of continental shelves at a depth of approxi-
mately 200 meters and the deep seabed of several thousand meters in depth.
First of all, continental shelves produce petroleum and natural gas. The 200-
mile area of the Japaneae economic zone is estimated to be approximately 4.51
.i million square kilometers. This area is 12 timea the land area of Japan and
the 6th largest in the world.
In this area, petroleum development is believed to be feasible in the near
future in the 280,000 square kilometers continental shelves at a depth of less
than 200 kilometers, and their sloped areas of 480,000 square kilometers making
a total area of 76,000 square kilometers. The recoverable reserves of petroleum
and natural gas in these continental shelves are estima.ted to be 1.3 billion
kiloliters. Especially in the East China Sea area, 60 percent of the total
petroleum an~d natural gas is estimated to occur.
23
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/42/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040400020038-4
FOR OFF'ICIAL USE UNLY
In order to establish the technology to recover such petroleum and natural gas,
the development of a"seabed petroleum production system" began in 1978 as a
large-scale project of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, MITI.
In order to recover petroleum from a deep oil field at the great depth of 300
meters or more, this system employs a new method to transport oil or gas from
tlie scahed to the surf ace with ~ointed pipelines. A comprehensive ocean ex-
periment of this system is scheduled in JFY 1983 at a depth of approximately
50 meters.
Along with oil and natural gas, what is even more eagerly looked forward to is
the manganese nodules. Unlike oil and natural gas that form layers deep in the
seabed, manganese nodules occur on the deep sea floor like gravel at a depth of
3,000-6,000 meters. Beside manganese which is indispensable for iron manufac-
turing, they contain useful metals such as.nickel which increases steel alloy
strength, copper used for electrical products, and cobalt used in special p arts.
The amount of the resource is said to range from 1 trillion tons to 1.7 trillion
tons in the Pacific Ocean alone, and it is looked forward to as the "last common
resource of man." .
In particular, cobalt is also used as a heat-resistant material in jet engines
and is an important strategic resource. However, cobalt producing countries
are concentrated in politicallq unstable areas such as Zaire in Africa. The
aircraft manufacturer Lockheed and others organized an international consor tium
and are engaged in the development of manganese nodules. It is rumored that
their goal is to secure strategic resources such as cobalt and nickel. Cob alt
is also a precious material for magnetic tapes, and it is a metal that is of
_ great interest to Japan.
While joining, in part, such a movement with the United States, Japan, a
resource-poor country, has embarked on the survey and technical developmen t of
manganese nodules as a national project. The Metal Mining Agency of Japan will
strengthen the survey of manganese resources off Hawaii with Daini Hakuryo Maru
in 1981, and riding on the large-scale project of the Agency of Industrial
Science and Technology, it finally decided to embark on the development of
- "manganese nodule recovery technology.
Opening of an Era of International Competition
However the sore spot of the ocean technology program such as described is that
existing land technology cannot be applied directly. In order to ensure stable
conditions even in rough seas under bad weather conditions, it is necessary to
begin with basic research and steadily accumulate technology. In addition, a
system tends to become gigantic which often entails a development risk. For
these reasons, development at the national scale is inevitable.
- The United States employs an international joint venture system by means of
joint investment of private corporations and is energetically advancing the
development of manganese nodules. Will Japan be able to accumulate the techno-
logical force inther racticalnapplication?ctOcean developmenttistrapidly-shifting
force and reach p
from infancy to an era of vigorous international competition.
21~
- FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
~ FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
[Part 2, 12 Feb 81 p 14]
[1'ext] Seabed Petroleum Production S~ystem
Seabed oil fields are said to be the last petroleum resource left for manlcind.
The development of technology to upwell the oil efficiently and stably from the
bottom of the sea has become an extremely important element that affects inter-
national power relationships. Competition to develop seabed oil fields in
shallow waters of about 100 meters in depth has already pusse.d the peak techno~-
logically, and the focus has shifted to the development of oil fields on conti-
nental shelves and slopes at a depth of 300 meters or more.
Research With National Efforts
Various advanced countries which are pressed with energy d~mands, not to mention
the major oil companies, are engaged in technical research for oil field develop-
ment in deep seas using their entire national efforts. Beyond the depth of 300
meters, conventional technology for seabed oil f ield is not sufficient. A new
~ technological breakthrough is necessary.
- The Royal Dutch Shell oil f ield in the Gulf of Mexico is pumping oil from the
deepest sea at present. The depth is 312 meters. This is said to be the eco-
nomically profitable limit for the conventional method of building a tall scaf-
fold called a 3acket from the sea floor and drilling a well. At any rate, this
~acket which was completed in 1977 is approximately 380 meters high including the
portion above the water. It is taller than Tokyo Tower by as much as 50 meters.
~ Since the construction period is also long, unless it is an oil field of fairly
big scale, the venture does not make sense on a commercial base. .
In fact, if. it involves only the drilling of a well, present technology can
carry it out at a deeper level. Drilling has been successful on the seabed
1,055 meters in depth offshore Thailand by Exxon, 1,325 meters in depth off-
shore Congo by Getty, and 1,499 meters in depth offshore New Foundland by Texaco.
The problem is the system of "oil production" in pumping the oil i.n a stable way
from the well and bringing it up to the surface.
Japan Establishes a Research Laboratory
Japan fell behind Euro-American countries in land oil production technology, and
wishing to rank with the world in a seabed petroleum productj.on system, the
agency of Industrial Science and Technology of MITI initiated a large-scale
project in 1978. It is a research association, Seabed Petrol.eum Production
System Research Laboratory (abbr. SPS Research Laboratory).
A total of 18 firms are gathered in this Laboratory: 5 petroleum development
firms including Arabian Oil Co., Ltd. and Idemitsu Petroleum Development; 1
petroleum engineering company, 10 iron manufacturing, shipbuilding, and heavy
machinery companies including Nippon Steel Corp. and Mitsui Shipbuilding, and
2 electric appl3ance manufacturers i7icluding Tokyo Shibaura Electric.
25
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
The managing director, K. Yamamura proudly states: "It is the fizst attempt
- to contend with petroleum development with the combined Japanese technological
force. The potentials of the participating firms are fairly high, and we should
be able to compete squarely with Euro-American countries."
The goal of the SPS Research I,aboratory is to operate systems equipment installed
on the sea floor and do away with gigantic ocean structures such as a jacket.
Their target is to develop seabed oi.l fields at depths of 200-900 meters. A
system to produce seabed petroleum without using a jacket is employed by some
concerns as a supplemental system to the jacket mPthod in the North Sea oil fields
of the Garoupa. oil field off Brazil, but a full-scale system has not been. completed
as yet.
The system research department chief, S. Inoue of the above research laboratory,
from Arabia Petroleum Co, states: The technology for producing oil from a deep-
seabed has a camplexity equivalent to space development, and it demands relia-
bility. Projects for development extend to many areas such as the development
of material that endures hydraulic pressure and sea water corrosion, technology
to accurately install large, complex equipment on the dark sea floor at a certain
position, a computer system to control the above equipment, a sensor that quickly
detects abnormalities, technology for maintenance and inspection by remote con-
trol, etc. It may be said that 'the ripple effect to other fields is that much
greater .
In addition, supposing that the area of development is in the sea ad~acent to
Japan, the relationship with the f isheries industry and effects on the environ-
ment must also be taken into consideration. To avoid tangling with fishing nets,
the protrudin~ parts of the well and pipelines must all be buried into the sea-
bed, and oil leakage must be strictly monitored for environmental safety.
App].icable Even in Drift Ice Region
The attractiveness of a seabed petroleum production system without using a 3acket
is not limited to seabed oil f ield development at great depths alone. Since all
equipment is placed on the sea bottom, the system is useable in oil field develop-
ment in a region of icebergs or drift ice. Moreover, the construction period is
shorter by as much as a year and a half to 2 years, and the construction cost is
less than half. Taking advantage of these merits, there is a concept of apply^
ing them to the development of small and medium-si::e oil fields in a shallow sea.
From the viewpoint of early recovery of i:ivested capital, one way is to use the
system to convert an experimental well directly into a producing well as a stop-
gap measure until a full-scale ~acket is constructed. Mr Yamamura states "fea-
sibility for the practical use of a system developed f or the deep sea is higher
- in shallow seas."
U.S. firms such as Cameron and Vetco that work exclusively with petroleum produc-
tion systems also have already invested considerable capital into such research.
However, enveloped in a secret veil equivalent to military technology, its actual
state is not revealed. In a f ield where important technological information does
not flow at all, the possibilities for technical agreement are scarce, and the
only way is to make ones technological breakthrough independently.
26
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[Part 3, 13 Feb 81 p 13]
[Text] A seabed petroleum production system is said to require four subsystems.
The first is the wellhead system. It is the part that collects several tens of
different valves that ad3ust the pressure and f low rate of the oil that ascends
from the oil pool as much as 2,500 meters below the surface of the sea floor.
Because of the valves sticking out like tree branches, it is commonly called a
Christmas tree.
The second is the manifold system. It is a relay base to deliver oil coming from
the wellhead to the sea surface. The assembly includes electric and hydraulic
control systems. The third is the pipeline system. It conducts oil from several
wellheads scattered on the sea floor to a manifold. It connects directly to a
land system when the site is near land. The fourth is the riser-storage system.
It consists of a riser that conducts oil perpendicularly to the sea surface from
the seabed 300 meters or deeper, and a storage tank to receive it.
Wellhead Has a Cover
Every subsystem has a hitch in the respective development. The wellhead system
will be buried in the seabed so that fishing boats may operate above it, and a
smooth cover is placed ~over the wellhead. To this end, the Christmas tree
having numerous protrusions must be made compact into an assembly like a aingle
pipe. Moreover, the valves must endure a high pressure of 350 kg per square
centimeter and be highly reliable to enable accurate operation by remote control
from above water for them to be meaningful.
In addition, to prepare against an accident that may occur by any chance, a"re-
entry" mechanism must be built in that can open the wellhead cover from above the
surface wi.th a system hung on a wire and make repairs. It is also necessary to
provide a device for secondary recovery that extracts the remaining oil by forc-
ing water into the oil pool after the natural flow stops. If one considers the
premise that the well operates for over 20 years, these are the minimum esaen-
tial requirements.
The manifold is a seabed base so to speak. Men will go down occasionally for
j.nspection wark. For this reason, a service capsule is required to send men to
the manifold from the ship on the surface. In. the plan made by the SPS Research
Laboratory, the capacity of the capsule is four peraons. Three workers wi11 be
dispatched into the manifold.
During that time, the work area in the manifold will be ~illed with air to enable
the workers ~o operate without the use of diving units. This is called "a dry
system znd is in practical use in part at the Garoupa oil fteld off Bra211. At
a seabed of more than 300 meters in depth, a wet system using divers for work is
inefficient.
Jointed Riser Conducts Oil
The problem point of the riser-storage system is how to conduct oil perpendicu-
larly into a storage tank floating on the aea surface 300 metera above. The
27
FOR OFFICIAL USE aNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400440020038-4
FUR UFN[CIAL USE ONLY
ocean entails waves and currents, and a hard piece of pipe has a~ood ctiance of
being broken by their forces. Therefore, a jointed riser is being considered.
The idea is to eliminate the effects of waves and~currents as wind in a willow
tree by using so-called universal joints in two places on the riser and for con-
necting it to the storage tank.
With the pipeline system, the technology for installation is the first problem.
The pipeline to be buried into the seabed will measure nearly 2 meters in
diameter when it contains powerlines, communication cables, etc. Since divers
cannot be used, it is assembled on the ground in a fixed length, towed with a
boat, and dropped accurately onto the predetermined site.
A pipeline measuring as long as 2 1~ cannot be towed practically on the surface
to transport it to the construction site from the land. There is also a chance
that the pipeline may be damaged by the wave resistance. Thus, the concept of
seabed float-towing technique was born (see diagram). The pipeline is suspended
at a level of 2-3 meters above the surface of the sea floor and towed slowly by
two towing boats. Another ship for detecting the pipeline position wil~. cruise
along in parallel, and the pipeline is laid with precise positioning using
ultrasonic waves.
. . . . . . ~
(1}?t~t 73~f io~~~t ;
~wy~~r. (4) ~2)
~i~ ~i~~~o ~ .
(5) x~~~
,Ky~~r~~R)
(9) ~ ~ ~~1~ ~
~t ~-~(1.2~
.~z-r /x~-r ~
~ .
, ~
Key: (1) Seabed Eloat-Towing of Pipeline (7) towing line
(2) towing boat (8) pipeline
(3) sea surface (9) sea floor
(4) pipeline poaition detector ship (10) chain
(5) float (11) sled
(6) ultrasonic wave (12) 2-3 meters
Connection Is the Most Difficult Part
This does not mean all the problems have been solved. Next, the pipeline has
to be connected to the wellhead system and manifold. And, it is a tough job.
Both ends of the pipeline are equipped with fl~ible tubings. They are laid
down with the ends slightly bent, and the wellhead and manifold connect the
pipeline by drawing it from both sides.
At SPS Research Laboratory, each system is being develc~ped separately by the par-
ticipating firms. For the most difficult technical development of systems c~nnec-
- tion, the mutual exchange of information is essential. Managing director Mura-
yama states "work is going smoothly with the mutual exchange of informat.ion even
in the area marginal to the knowhow of the individual firms." An intercorporate
connection system is apparently perfect as well.
28
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
Flexible tubings are apparently being developed by a French firm, Coflexip, but
the product is not available, and the tubing is being independently redesigned.
The material for the wire to lower the reentry system was also newly developed.
'The system of precision positioning, riser, etc are expected to have a consider-
able spinoff effect on marine development in general such as ocean energy appli-
cation and the development of manganese nodules. Research and development offi-
cer, S. Yokoyama, of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology states
"leaving the spinoff effect for individual firms to cons:3er., we have just fin-
ished a detailed plan for each system, and have begun test manufacturing equin-
mEnt heading for a 1983 comprehensive ocean experimezt. It i.s a time to demon-
strate whether we can compete on equal terms with Euro-American counterparts
having an enoxmous accumulation of technology."
~f~~0~)~r 1 8iSPS~)~R
~2) ,
~ ~
~ ;
= 4~~-I~~=2i~ , n'
~ R~
I(r,t,z)dz
(where a is the wavelength of the beam and np and n2 are the linear and nonlinear
refraction rates).
In expression 5, z is the distance along the direction of beam propagatioa,
taking into account the internal reduction of intensity (1/n) and the lightpath
increase ( 1~2) in connection with the Brewster angle of incide-:e. This
integral expresses (in radians) wave-front lag arising from nonlir~.:ar ef.fects.
- Thus BT, the wholebeam B integral, provides a standard for wholebeam self-
tocusing.6 The B value also expresses the growth coefficient of electri.c field
a~nplitude perturbation in the unstable space frequencies, and thus provides the
degree of small-scale self-focusing. (Amplitude is, with regard to small signal
input, multiplied by following propagation.) This space frequency is eliminated
53
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
as a high-frequency component by the spatial filters, so BS (the small-scale B
integral) is determined by setting the space frequency at 0 after each passage
through a spa.tial fi:lter. BT is the sum of the BS.
2.1.3 Calculations for Individual Elements
1) Amplif iers
Saturation gain is calculated using the Frantz-Nodvik formula~ determined by a
rate equation of the second degree:
G(r.t)=~1-ll-Gs(T)=exp[- ~s
~ ~
f I~~l r, t~)dt]~
a
In disk amplifiers, Iin is multiplied by 1/n. GS(r) is r-dependent small signal
gain, and ~S is the saturation parameter; when ~S = Y(h~/Q), Y is a variable
parameter. This is because a single value cannot be set for ~s, since Nd ions
have a number. of different energy levels, and because saturation time at lower
levels is proportional to pulse width and cannot be ignored.
2) Spatial Filters
When M is the magnification of a spatial filter, laser beam intensity aiter
passing through the filter is I(r,t) = T(BS)�Iin(r,t)/M2. Here the transmittance
curve T(BS) is a function of the small-scale B integral Bg; Figure 1 is based on
analysis of testing of spatial filter transmittance.e Nonlinear wave-front
aberration immediately prior to input into the spatial filter depends on Bg and
initial (Bg = 0) noise power fraction e; there is high transmittance vis-a-vis
Bg, which increases as E decreases. Thus e is thought to be a variable parameter
which depends on the cleanness of the laser device. BS.is a function of instan-
taneous values (r,t), and so transmittance T(BS) also depends on (r,t), and
transmittance is least when laser be:am intensity is at its peak.
s
o f
_
0
fll a
~ ~
E
Q ~
~
~ _
S '
~ I
oooo$oo ~1~ .
O = I .
�O ~
N =
i~.e~ f.oo ..oo t.oo ~.~e ~~.~o
' B integral ( BS )
. Figure 1. Transmission Function T(BS) of a Spatial Filter as a Function of
Small Scale B-integral (BS). e is the init.tal fraction of noise
power.
54
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED F~R RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400020038-4
FOR OFFIC:'IAL USF ONLY
3) Other Optical Elements
Mirrors, Faraday rotators and shutters are all linea*- elements, and their
oharacteristics, including polarization characteristics, can be expressed
using a Muller matrix. They can be dealt with in the same way as multiple
refractivity in rod amplifiers. We will omit the specif ic form of the matrix.
2.2 Limits of Application of the Code
This code will provide the laser beam's spatial intensity distribution as long
as diffraction is not involved. It is possible to keep the diffraction effect
to a minimum when the image transmission method is used, in which casa the
code is useful. But the diffraction effect when spatial filtere isolate the
high space-frequency component or the Freanel diffraction resulting from long-
range free propagation of the laser beam from the amplifier chain will require
a separate i~.ztegral. In a"dirty" laser system with many sourcea of optical
noise, diffraction almost entirely dominates the laser beam intensity distribu-
tion, so more precise analyais becomea necessary. When there is little diffrac-
tion or optical noise, wholebeam self-focusing can be predicted by mean,s of the
code's B.r. There is not adequate test data on saturation characteristics of
amplification in glass lasers, to ii7clude saturation time at lower levels, so
it will be necessary to give more detailed experimental consideration to the
appropriateness of the second degree equation used here.
3. Analysis of Results of Measurement of GEKKO XII Module Atnplification
Properties
We used the simulation code explained in paragraph 2 to analyze the results of
measurement of GM-II amplification propertiea as described in I. Please
refer to Figure 1 of I for the arrangement of GM-II. All the input parametera,
including spatial distribution of amplifier gain dependence on pumping energy,
were measured individually in advance. The initial values of the laser beam
are taken as it emerges from the pulse generator, and spatial distribution and
temporal wave form are Gaussian. T~ie preamplifier chain (X-chain) aperture (AA)
is super-Gaussian. The fill factor of the laser beam which has passed through
the X--chain, including intensity distribution before entering AA, is about 0.6.
3.1 Amplification Properties With Pulse Width of 100 ps
Figure 2 plots output energy against input energy in the Y-chain with a pulse
width of 100 ps. The open circles are measured points, and the solid curves
are calculation results; they agree closely, including the absolute energy
values. In this calculation, the variable parameter of ~e is set at Y= 0.7�
Calculations are made with initial noise fractions of e ~ 0.0001, 0.0003 and
0.001. The short vertical mark on each curve is~the point at whtch the time-
integrated transmittance of the spatial filter (SF-E in GM-II) of the amplif ier
chain falls below 96 percent. That is, as the input energy increases, output
energy changes as shown in Figure 3; when the input energy is too great, the
waveform is deformed without further increase in the output energy. The 96
percent transmittance mentioned above is represented by the third curve from
the left of Figure 3. 'L"hus, the region to the right of the ehort vertical marks,
55
FOR OFFICIAL U~E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007142/09: CIA-RDP82-40854R040400020038-4
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
_ '0� ~ ~�aooo,
.�o.ooov
~ ~�o,oo+
~ o
~ 70
U+arosMq ~+w~ ~OY
~~y '
W 7OO J
~
~ ~ ~ ~0 ~ ~ ~ ~
- ' ~ j / x. \
~ -
- =
~ I ~ ~ % \ iI 1 `
I z i .
0
DO ~ ~ ~ 0 100 t00 J00 ~OG S~
' TIME ( Df )
INPUT ENERGY ( ml )
Figure 2. Output Energy of the Figure 3. Temporal Output Pulse
Y-Chain vs the Input Shapes With Increasing
Energy at a Pulse Width Input Energies at a
of 100 ps. Open circles Pulse Width of 100 ps.
are experimental points Time origin has been
and solid curves are cal- shifted by 50 ps for
culation results for each curve for clarifi -
different amounts of cation.
initial noise fraction e.
temporal and spatial waveform distortion increases with the input energy, so
this point is considered as the maximum energy. When the~e results of calcu-
lation and of ineasurement are compared, we sE~e that the e= 0.0001 curve matches
the measured values closely. Analysis and planning at Livermore Laboratory
takes e= 0.001 as the standard value; the difference may be that optical parts
in GM-II were carefully controlled and optical noise was kept at a very low
level. In the near field patterns of output laser beams shown in Figure 4 of I,
unevenness of intensity distribution from optical noise is 20 percent at the
most. But according to separate calculations of Fresnel diffraction, optical
noise which produces that degree of unevenness is 0.1 or below in terms of
phase (from a thickness of 1000 A or less with a refraction rate of 1.5) or
60 percent or more in tenns of energy transmittance.9 It is thus supposed
that at least that degree of cleanness has been maintained in GM-II.
As ~ result of calculation of e= 0.0001, it was concluded that when output is
346 J, Bg = 2.2 and the energy is sufficiently focusable. The ratio between
peak and average values of the intensity distribution (the reciprocal of f)
was 1.60, which is somewhat smaller than the measured value of 1.80. Thus it~
may be possible to obtain an output of nearly 4 TW if the spatial intensity
distribution is improved. Under the above conditions BT was 8.0, which cor-
responds to a wave-front aberration of about 1.3J~ (a = 1.053 um); this gives
rise to a shift in the focal point in the case of secondary spherical aberra-
tion, and to distortion of the intensity distribution of the focdi point (this
is dependent on time) in the case of nonspherical aberration.5
~ 56
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R400440020038-4
FOR OFFIC'IAL USE ONLY
Y- ch~iro
- Z- ch~k!
~'jM'.JIOt30f1
1ns pulse width t 07
y'-~a� ~ ~ ~
~
6~ 1 ~ ~,~i
,
i /
, I
,
~ !
400 ~
o~ / ~
~ I
~ ~ ~
; l
o~
. o
o ,.o z.a
i~w~t ~?sr c , )
Figure 4. Comparison of Experimental Data and Simulation Calculation on Ampli-
fication Property of Y-Chain and Z-Chain at 1 ns. The parameter Y is
a variable for different amount of saturation fluence.
3.2 Amplification Properties With Pulse Width of 1 ns
Variation of output energy is plotted against Y-chain and Z-chain input energy
in,.Figure 4. Gain in the disk amplifiers is 5.5-fold for DA, 2.55-fold for DB
an~ 2.25-fold for DC. The he~vy litie in Figure 4 indicates measured results
for the Y-�chain, and the broken line shows those for the Z-chain; the fine
solid line is calculated with y as the variable parameter. Neither of the mea-
sured values match the calculated values. The Y-chain, which uses LHG-7, is
close to the Y= 0.7 curve with low input energy, but it shows great saturation
as the input energy increases. But the Z-chain, which uses LHG-8, has a small
signal amplification rate which does not agree with the calculations; it is
thought that this is because there are portions which differ from properties of
individual elements which were measured in advance and from the properties at
the time of the system test. But aside from this point, the Z-chain measured
results in Figure 4, and in Figure 6 of I, are close to the simulated curve for
Y= 0.7 with high input energy. To summarize the above, LHG-8 fits the satura-
tion parameter ES = 0.? h~/~ relatively well, and LHG-7 has a small-signal
saturation parameter ~f ES = 0.7 h~/v and a large-aignal saturation parameter
~,f p,[~ h~/~. The reasons for this are not known at present: it will be
necessary to consider uneven spreading ancl transition tisne to the lower energy
level of the laser,and to make f.urther measurements of saturatior, characteris-
tics, including the effec~ of variation o~ pulse widths.
57
FOR OFF[CIAL USE UNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR UFFI(:IAL USF. ONLY ~
A: PRE5ENT CONFIGURATION
4~/n1D4~1n1~~~~~~n~? ~U~n~wU~~~'~W~~~~WU~A1 OWrT
.
B~ OA AND FR EXCHANGED ( B~ IINCOJITED OPTICS )
4~/nID4~In10~.Dd~~n`? ~~~n~D4~~~~0~~~~~~~~A1? ~T
� o
C~ SF ADDED TO OUTPUT (C: UNCOATED OPTICS, C~~ STRONGER AR COATINGS) � ~
4CJ/n1D4C~/nID~.DdO~n~?~~1n~~0~~~'a~al~1~~W~~,2~~ ~~T
.
. o
O N-mm apsrture ~mplifie?s � Unco~ted optics
ca SpNisl tlRen � Stronger AR coatings (10 1/cm2 )
Faraday isolators ~ Weak component at 1 ~s
i~~ Pockls cells � Weak component at 100 ps
\ Beam splkten
Q Experxie?s
I~ Fxusing optics
Figure 5. Comparison of Different Configurations for GEKKO XII Module.
See the text for detailed explanation.

1
4. Configuration of GEKKO XII Module System
The above deals with properties of the laser section with the final Faraday
rotator not in place. It is necessary to evaluate the energy actually focusable
on the target when the FRC and target illumination optics are included. Plan A
of Figure 5 shows the present configuration of GM-II. The target illumination
optics include two mirrors (omitted from Figure 5), the target chamber vacuum
seal glass, focusing lenses (F/2.75 doublet) and blast seal glass. Evaluation
of the operating characteristics of this arrangement at pulse widths of 100 ps
and 1 ns were made using the simulat:Lon code described in paragraph 2. The ini-
tial noise fraction was taken to be s= 0.0001 and the saturation parameter to
be Eg = 0.7 h~/c~. tiTith a pulse width of 100 ps, the B value of the final focus-
ing optical element (marked with an open triangle) is the limiting factor, and
the focusable energy on target is limited to 172 J. With a pulse width of 1 ns,
the limiting factor is the output window glasa of disk amplifier DA (100~) and
the input ~ens of the spatial filter (marked with an open circle); the maximum
focusable energy is 839 J when 5 J/cm2 is the damage threshold of the antireflec-
tive coating. At neither pulse width is it possible to develop the full capacity
of the laser device, because pumping power must be kept below the maximum.
Then, in plan B, we exchanged the disk amplifier and the Faraday rotator, As
shown in Figure 5, the limiting factor at 100 ps was still the optical element
in the focusing lens, but the focusable energy increased to 208 J(see Table 1).
58
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Table 1. Ma~:imum Focusable Energy on a Target for the Different Configurations
A-C". Also shown are weak components that limit the ma.Yimum performance.
Focusable Ener~y_ Weak Com
op nent
' 100 ps 1 ne 100 ps l ns
A 172 J 839 J Focusing optics DA(100~')-2 window
(B-limited) (5 J/cm2)
B 208 J 847 J Focusing optics Focusing o~tics
(B-limited) (5 J/cm )
B' 210 J 913 J " "
C 349 J 830 " SF(200/200) input Focusing o~tics
lens (5 J/cm )
C' 296 J 876 J (B-limited) " "
No damage
C" 359 J 1770 J " " (Input ener~y limited)
There was almost no change in operating characteristics at 1 ns, so uncoated
glass of laser energy density was substituted (marked by filled circle).
With this arrangement the focusing lens (with antireflective coating because
of great reflection loss) was the limiting factor and output increased to
913 J.
In plan C, an equal magnification spatial filter was added to the laser output
and the BS value was reduced. WiCh this configuration the focusable energy at
100 ps ~umped to 349 J. Using uncoated optics (marked by filled circle) in
plan C' did not increase output power much. But using optice with a atronger
antireflective coating which could withstand 10 J/cm2 (marked with + sign)
allowed focusable energy of 1770 J at l ne. With this configuration it is
possible to operate the amplifier chain at 90 percent of maximum pumping energy,
and to get an even higher output by increasing oscillator output or by i_ncreas-
ing amplifier pumping energy.
It is necessary to consider, for the different configurationt~, the light (and
polarized light) reflected from the target back to the amplifier chains or
transmitted ].ight from other beams (directly exchanged polarized light) on the
amplifier chains. The effects of these are shown in Table 2. Configuration A
is completely protected because of the FRC in the final stage. In C", which
provides the greatest output, the FRC polarizer is damaged when there ie
32 percent reflectivity, but it is thought there will be no problem in r.eality,
since this reflectivity measures reflected light which comes back with ~ust the
same directivity as the input light, and directivity of light reflected from
j~lasma is normally not that good. All configurations are completely protected
against transmitted light.
59
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-00850R040400020038-4
FOR OFFI(:IAL USE ONLY
Table 2. Ma~:imum Allowed Percentage of Reflection and Transmission of the
Tar.get for Different Configurations A-C". Also shown are weak
components that are susceptible to laser damage.
Focusable Maximum Maximum Weak
Energy Reflectivity Transmittance Component
A 839 J 100 percent 100 percent No damage
B 847 J 61 percent 100 percent DC (200~')
B' 913 J 59 percent 100 percent Input window
C 830 J 65 percent 100 percent DC (200~)
C' 876 J 64 percent 100 percent Input window
C" 1770 J 32 percent 100 percent FRC(200~) ~olarizer
(5 J/cm )
The above shows that to increase the focusable energy of GM-II it would be
- appropriate to add a spatial filter to the output and use stronger antiref lec-
tive coatings. It was recently reported that separated glass surfaces have
reflectivity below 0.2 percent and an extremely high damage threshold of about
12 J/cm2 10; it is hoped that this can be put into practical application. In
that event, high-reflect3on coatings (which now are stronger than antireflective
_ coatings) will have to have the same degree of strength. Another approach is
to increase the size of the output aperture of the output spatial filter, in
which case focusing optics of present strength would do. The foundation of
the above considerations is the damage threshold of the multilayered dielectric.
During the testing a single sample was measured a number of times in different
locations, and the minimum energy density causing damage was taken as the thres-
hold value. But this damage threshc~ld is a matter of resistance to a single shot;
in actual use the laser beam will repeatedly strike the same location, so it may
be necessary to operate at levels lawer than shown in Table 1. To set numerical
values for these levels, it will be necessary to measure f ilm resistance to
repeated laser illumination.
S. Conclusic~n
We have explained a simulation code for analysis and planning of a glass laser
device and have used that code to analyze the measurements of GM-II amplif ica-
tion properties. If a low level of optical noise is hypothesized for short
pulse (100 ps) operation of GM-II, measured values and calculated values match
quite closely. This suggests that the low level of optical noise is a ma3or
factor in the high output energy developed in short pulse operation of GM-II.
Measurepents of long pulse (1 ns) operation do not really match simulation
results. The saturation properties of LHG-7 differ greatly from measured values
for LHG-8 and results of calculations using a simple model.
60
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02109: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4
H'OR OFFI('IAL UtiE ONI.Y
We also gave consideration to the configuration of GM-II, and learned that
energy of 359 J at a pulse width of 100 ps and of 1770 J at 1 ns (single beams
in each case) could be focused on the target by using antireflective coatings
with a damage threshold above 10 J/cm2.
'lhe results of these studies were used as basic reference materials in the
design of the GEKKO XII glass laser with output energy of 20 kJ.
REFERENCES
1. Kuroda, Kato, Yoshida and Yamanaka: Laser Kenkyu 9(1981) 31.
2. J. T. Hunt, J. A. Glaze, W. W. Simmons and P. A. Renard; APPL OPT 17 (1978)
i 2053.
i
i 3. V. I. Bespalov and V. I. Talanov; JETP Lett 3(1966) 307.
~
4. A. J. Campillo, S. L. Shapiro and B. R. Suydam, APPL PHXS, Lett 23 (1973)
628.
5. J. T. Hunt, P. A. Renard and R. G. Nelson, APPL OPTICS 15 (1976) 1458.
6. Laser Program Annual Reports, Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA, Rep s.
UCR 50021-74, p 178 (1974).
: 7. L. 1M. Frantz and J.S. Nodvik, J.APPL. PHYS. 34 (1963) 2346.
8. Laser Program Annual Reports, Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA,
Rep s.UCRL 50021-76, p 2-337 (1976).
9. J. Kuroda and Y. Kato, to be published.
~ 10. W. H. Lowdermilk and D. Milam; APPL. PHYS. Lett 36 (1980) 891.
COPYRIGHT: The Laser Society of Japan 1981
9601
CSO: 8129/0934 END
61
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400020038-4