JPRS ID: 9276 USSR REPORT ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300080048-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 91
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 48
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9565
23 February 1981
V1/oridwide Re ort
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
CFOUO 9/81)
FBI$ FOREIG~1 BROADCAS~' INFORMATION SERVICE
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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- sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
_ are supplied by JPRS. Prccessing innicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing inclicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded 'by a ques-
~ tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The conkents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRUDUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
'JF THIS PUBLiCATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONI,Y.
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JPRS L/9565
2 3 February 19 81
WORLDWIDE REPORT
_ NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS `
(~ouo 9/81)
CONTENTS
ASiA
AUSTRALIA
Briefs
Ma~or Marihuana Bust 1
BURMA
Brief s
Rangoon Heroin Seizure 2
- HONG KONG
Briefs
, Hong Kong Ring Smashed 3
PAKISTAN
Brief s ~
Charas, Opium Recovexed 4
SRI LANKA
Briefs
Wort~an Carries Hashish 5
Female Courier Detected 5
THAILAND
Background, Outlook for Crop Substitution Discussed
(BAN MUANG, 31 Dec 80) 6
- a - (III - WW - 138 FOUO]
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Drug Abuse Among Students Called Alarming
(Editorial; BAN MUANG, 29 Dec 80) 11
Guard Charged in Escape of Lao Su Sentenced
(BAN MUANG, 30 Dec 80) 13
Soldier, Accomplice Arrested With Heroin
(BAN MUANG, 24 Dec 80) 15 '
Foreigner Arrested With Heroin at Don Muang
(BAN MUANG, 13 Dec 80) 16
Northerners Arrested With Narcotics
(BAN MEIANG, 15 Dec 80) 17
LATIN AMERICA
ARGENTINA
Brief s
Drug Arrests 19
BARBADOS
Brief s
Jamaican Fined 2d
BERMUDA
Brief s
Dope in Tombstones 2I.
BOLIVIA
Brief s
Cocaine Profits 22
Coca Leaves Price 22
Arrest of Drug, Traffickers 22
BRAZIL
Motorcycle Smuggler Engaged in Drug Trafficking A~tivities
(0 GLOBO, 19 Dec 80) 23
Briefs
- Policeman Arrested With Perventin 25
Arms Seized in Drug Operation 25
- Total Drug Seizures in Mato Grosso Do Sul . 25
. - b -
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- CHILE
Briefs
Drug Arrests 26
COLOMBIA -
UN Convention on Drug Control Signed
~ (EL TIEMPO, 12 Jan 81) 27
Traffickers Funds To Be Investigated -
(Roman Medina B.; EL TIII~O, 9 Jan 81) 29
Antidrug Campaign in Schools Begun
(EL ESPECTADOR, 22 Jan 81) 32
Navy Takes Over Six 'Mafia' Ships
(EL TIEMPO, 19 Jan 81) 34
- Cesar Official Rejects AccusEd Judge's Allegations
_ (EL TIEMPO, 20 Jan 81) 36
F-2 Breaks Up Huila Cocaine Ring
(EL ESPECTADOR, 17 Jan 81) 38
- Marihuana, Cocaine Traffickers Seized
(EL ESPECTADOR, 16 Jan 81) 40
Three Freed Traffickers Resurrender
(EL TIEMPO, 15 Jan 81) 41 -
Price of Marihuana Drops Sharply
{EL TIEMPO, 19 Jan 81) 42
Briefs
Cocaine Laboratory 45
Tolima Marihuana Plantation Raided 45
Cocaine Raids Near Pasto 45
Cocaine in Meta 45
DOMINICA
Briefs
_ Marihuana Warning 46
JAMAICA
Seaga Policies Questioned as Aid to Ganja Trade
(Margaret Morris; THE SUNDAY GLEANER, 4 Jan 81) 47
- c -
- 7~,(~n A1TtTT/+T AT TTC~L+ /~\R V
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FOR OFFICIAL USE Oh'I,Y
MEXICO
Congressmen Given Eradication Demonstration
(Felipe Fierro; EL SOL DE MEXICO, 30 Nov 80) 50
Poppy Fields Destroyed in Durango by PJF
(EL SOL DE MEXICO, 2 Dec 80) 52
PGR Air Eradication Campaign in Durango Described
(EL SOL DE MEXICO, 2 Dec 80) 53
Thai Heroin Traffickers Arrested by PJF Agents
(EL SOL DE MEXICO, 9 Dec 80) 56
Briefs
Cocaine Seized in Tapachula ~ 58
Veracruz Marihuana 58
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
AFGHANISTAN
Briefs '
Soviet Hashish Use 59
= IRAN ~
Recent Anti-Narcotics Measures Noted
(KEYHAN, various dates) 60
Fourteen Heroin Smugglers Sentenced ~
Seventy Kilos of Opium Seized
Tons of Narcotics Burne4
Brief s -
Narcotics Seized 62
~ LEBANON
Marihuana Growing in Ba''.labak Region
(AL-NIDA', 28 Sep 80)........~ 63
- WEST EUROPE
FRANCE
Briefs
Drugs Head Marseilles' Crime 70
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NORWAY
Official: Norway Magnet for International Drug Gangs
(Elisabeth Engesland; AFTENPOSTEN, 8 Jan 81) 71
Commune Members Ar,rested; Trafficked in Drugs 2 Years
(Helge S~rEnsen; AFTENPOSTEN, 7 Jan 81) 73
SWEDEN'
Police Chief's Book Discusses' B.attle Against Drugs
(DAGENS NYHETER, 15 Jan 81; SVENSKA DAGBLDET, 15 Jan 81)....... 76
Urges I~ew Methods, Equipment
~ International Gangs Largely Responsible
~ Police, Social Workers Report More Hashish in Schools
(DAGENS NYHETER, 8 Nov 80) 79
Supreme Court Orders Lifetime Expulsion for Drug Smuggler
(Claes von Ho.fsten; SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 7 Nov 80) 80
Briefs
Arrested for Cocaine Smuggling 82
SWITZERLAND
ConsiderablE Increase in Consumption of Hard Drugs
(NEUE ZUERCHER ZEITUNG, 7 Jan 81) 83
- e -
~ T.'/lA /IFL~T(~T AT TTC4 l1TTT V
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~ AUSTRALIA
- BRIEFS
MAJOR MARIHUANA BUST--Police now ~ut the street value of marihuana seized
- in a raid on a farm in central Victoria at more than U.S.$8 million and _
say it could top $10 million by the end of the week. The marihuana, both
dried and matured plants, is the 3argest crop seizure in Australia, and the _
police expect it will take them another 2 days to finish harvesting it..
Seven people, who appeared in court on charges relating to the drug hall,
_ have been remanded to appear again on Monday. [OW041403 Melbou~-ne Overseas
Service in English 1230 GMT 4 Feb 81 OW]
CSO: 53U0
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~
Bux~
' BRIEFS
RANGOON HEROIN SEIZURE--Rangoon, 19 Jan--A police partiy led by Station Commander ~
U Kan Myint of the Crime Prevention Department of the Rangoon Division People�s
Police Force seized a one-gramme packet of heroin and a hypodermic syringe from
one Myo Nyunt (23) of the Railways Campound, Min gala Taung-nyunt, in front of the
Railwaqs Corporation head office on Bogyoke Street yesterday. Maung M~~o Nyunt was
_ handed over to Pabedan police. Acting on Maung Myo Nyunt`s in~ormation the polic;e
searched the house of Maung Ohn Thwin at No 157, lOlst Street and found a.two- !
gramme packet of heroin and hypodermic syringe hidden in the bathroom. Maung Ohn. ~
Thwin was handed over to Mingala Taung-nyunt police.--(300) jText] [Rangoon THE ~
WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 21 Jan 81 p 4] -
4-
CSO: 5300 '
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HONG KONG
- BRIEFS
HONG KONG RING SMASHED--Hong Kong, 21 Jan--The ar~est of a 72-year-old Thai woman
- has led to the smashing of a nar~otics ring here. The woman, not yet publicly
- identified, was arrested on her arrival by air from Bangkok Monday with 500
_ grammes (1.09 lbs) of opium which were found inside five trousers she had
brought with her. Several police raids after the arrest resulted in seven
persons being arrested snd the seizure of 1.6 kilogrammes (3.52 lbs) of dehy drated
opium which would have a retail value of 40,000 US dollars if converted into pre-
_ pared opium. One of the piaces raided was that of a travel agent, police said
Tuesday. The names of tl~.e people detained were not given as police investigations
- were continuing. [Text] [Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY in En glish 22 J an 81
p 5]
_ CSO: 5300
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I PAKISTAN
I
' BRIEFS
CHARAS, OPIUM RECOVERED--Contraband charas and opium worth Rs. six lakh was
seized near Jahangira on main Pindi Peshawar Road during the 'Nakabandi' fzom a
motor car on Wednesday. According to police about 344 kilograms of charas and
~ 79 kilograms of opium was kept in the secret cavities of the car going from
Peshawar towards Rawalpindi, the number plate of the car was, k~owever, fakP.
The two occupants of the car were succeeded to escape. The contraband charas,
opium and the car were taken into cus~ody. [Text] [Peshawar KHYBER MAIL in -
English 15 Jan 81 p 3] -
' CSO: 5300
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SRI LANKA
~ BRIEFS -
WOMAN C~,RRIES HASHISH--Katunayake--A young Sri Lankan woman yesterday brought
in her baggage from Pakistan ten ripe pomegranates, smelling good. In fact
they smelled so good that Assistant Charges Officer Vipula Senanayake icept
his nose to one of them and smelled hashieh. The pomegranate was opened -
and hashish dropped out. That s et the ball rolling. Her bags were ~pened
and 13 kilograms of hashish were found in a false bottom in her stlit case.
She was fined Rs.390,000 by the Customs for attempting to smuggle in hashis~.
, Inquiries revealed she had been a regular visitor to Pakistan. [Text]
[Colombo CEYLON DAILY NEWS in English 26 Jan 81 p 1]
FEMALE COURIER DFTECTFD--A Sri Lankan woman returning from Pakistar_ was found
to be carrying five kilos of hashish concealed in the false bottom of a
, trunk. The woman described by Customs as the first local female cour.ier to
be detected smuggling hashish, was f ined 130,000 rupees, The Narcotics ~
Bureau who took over the investigations, have identified the woman as the
wife of a Pakistani arrested for a similar offence last ;:ear. Sentenced
~ to a period of imprisorunent, her Pakistani husband was subsequently released
under the National Day amnesty granted by Pres ident J. R, Jayewardene. -
Investigatior~ are no~a undenaay to ascertain whether the marriage betkeen
these two couriers is one of convenience, [Text] [Col.ombo SUN in English
26 Jan 81 p 1]
CSO: 5300
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TxAZL~vD
BACKGROUND, OUTLOOK FOFt CROP. SUBSTITUTION DISCUSSED
Bangkok BAN MUANG in Thai 31 Dec 80 g 6
[Artic].es "Hill Tribes Induced to Giv~e Up Growing Poppy~~]
~Text] Off~.cials of the qffice of the Narcotics Control Board made
introductory remarks concerning narcotics while traveliing to Chiang
Niai. They stated that even though it is we11 known that poppy is an
illegal plan~t, poppy is stili grown aii the time by one group, that .
is, the hili tribes who live in the high areas of northErn Thailand.
= They often grow poppy in places that are difficult for officiais to �
observe and inspect.
All governments have attempted to determine the size ot the [poppy-
growing] area and the size of the opium yields. But the surveys that
can be cited as evidence and whose results can serve as evidence are
the 1961 survey by Mr Young and the 1952 survey by the Public
Welfare Department. After that, the Narcotics Control BQard conducted
a survey in 1965/1966. This was the last survey in Thailand. Since
then, which is 14 years ; ago, no sect~r has surveyed the opium
producing areas and opium yields in Thailand.
1 Because of the fact that much ti.me had ~ passed, the various conditions
~ had changed. The Office of the Narc~tics Controi Board thus feit
that it was time to conduct another opium~:survey and, therefore, it
conducted a survey with the financial support of the United States
N.C.U. and with the results of the land survey conducted bv
the Commissioner*s Office of the Border Patrol. Police, Region 3.
- Based on anthropoLo gical evidence, it has been leamed that
Mesopotamia. was the firs~t ~O~t~ in the world to use opium 5, 000
years B. C. The sap that came from the poppy was call ed "ambrosia.
Later the Greeks and Ramans began to use this substance and gave it
the name ~'opium~01 which referred to the sap from the flower. Later
on, opium was used by the Babylonians and Jews as a pain ]~iller and
as a drug that produced a feeling of euphoria.
Later on, German phax~macologists succeeded in producing morphine,
which is an important a?kaloid that can be refined from opium, and
_ this pure alk,aloid can be used instead.
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Opium from the Middle East spread to India and China, passing
through Europe. Arabs brought opium to China in the 7th Century. The
- Chinese used opium to cure diarrhea. And in 1620 A.D., people brought
tobacco to China from the Philippines t'or the first time. Shortly
thereafter~, China became the first country in the world to use a -
mixture of tobacco and opiuma They believed that this helped protect -
people from malaria. The use of opium spread c~xickly throughout
China and it was used moY�e to bring f~elings of euphoria than to
~ treat or prevent diseaseso
In the 17th Century, England monopolized the opium trade with the
East India Company. It used opi~un to barter for the tea, silk and
silver of China. The Chinese government could not endure the great
danger posed by opium and the Opium War of 1839-1842 broke out.
China iost the war and the opium trade expanded even more. It has
been estimated that more than 8 million ~hinese were addicted to
opium.
As for Thailand, opium has been known here since the Sukhothai
period. Around the year 1282 wh~en there was trade with China by
ship, Thailand used opiwn only as a medicinal drug. By the beginning
of the early Ayuthaya period, many Thais were addicted to opium.
Finally, in 1360, King Uthong promulgated a law with provisions for
punishing those who took opium9 who had opium in their possession
or who sold opium.
Opium is an important ingredient in at least 25 types of drugs. It is
used to relieve pain, suppress coughing and relax the intestinal
muscles. Thus, it is secretely produced and sold.
_ Having discussed opium, we must now talk about the producers, that
is; the hill tribes. The hill tribes that migrated into northern
= Thailand can be divided into two groupss
l. [The first group includes] those tribes that en'-.ered and settled 1
down in Southeast Asia before the Thai tribes. Before the Thai Noi,
Thai Yai and Lao groups migrated ~o this ~*-~a, this area was
inhabited by the Mons and Khmers.
Later on, some of the ori.ginal inhabitants here were absorbed while
others migrated to the southeasto Some groups, including the Lawa,
Khamutin, Phi Tong Luang and Kha Ho, fled ~~to the mountains. These
hill tribes of East Asian ancestry lived in Southeast Asia
approximately 2,000 years before the coming of the Thai groups.
2. [The second group includes] those tribes that migrated to Thailand
from Burma, China and Laos approximately 100 years ago and who
settled down in the northe These includ~ those tribes of Tibetan,
Burman and Chinese ancestrya
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The Tibeto-Burman grou~s are descended from the Lolo and Nosu. They
_ are of the same stock as the ~ko, Liso, Musso and Karen tribes. The
Musso and Karen, tribes can be further subdivided. ~
r,or example, there are the B~ack Musso, Red Musso, Si Musso and
S ele Musso. The Karens can be divided into the Pwo Kar~ns, the
Sgaw Karens, the Ngobwe Ka~ens and the Tongsu~
The original Chinese groups are closely related to the Chine~e.
These inciude the Meao, Yao and Ha Chinese groupse
The Meaos can be divided inta three subgroupsi the Black, White and
Kwamba Meaoso
At present, the hill tribes are spread over 22 provinces. The exact
numbe.r of hi].1 tribesmen is unclea~c~ The latest statistics 1979
of the Pub1 ic Welfare Departme.rit ; sho~ that in 18 provinces there are
2,243 [hill tribe] vil3ages, 54,872 houses and 313,173 people.
_ In the 19th Century, the planting of poppy increased greatly in
southern Chzna and, later on, severai hill tribes from China migrated
southo They braught poppy plaxYts ~rith triem and planted them in the
_ mountains of Burma, Thailand and Laoso
What Benefi~s D~ i~~he Hi11 Tribes Derive From Opium?
1. They sell the opium for money or exchange it for goods. The hill
t ribesmen use the money they obtain from selli.ng opium, or use the
opium to purchase consumer goods such as food, ciothes, radios,
flashlights, watches and even various types of weapons.
2. They use the money obtained ~rom selling opium~~~to purchase bars
of silver and use the silver to make ornaments such as earrings,
braceYets and rings, If there is a drought one year and they cannot
grow enough ric~, the hill tra.bes se11 this silver to purchase rice
for the entire yearo They also use it as the bride price during
~ weddings.
Besides this, they use t~ie opium as reserve funds and as funds for
carrying on work. They also use the opium:to hire laborers to c.lear
- the jungle and cut dnwn trees to mak~ fields. And those tribesmen
who are addicted to opium keep opium fflr themselves.
The hill tribesmen use three methods of ingesting the opium, They
smoke it, they eat it and they drink hot water mixed with opium.
The tribesmen also use a~ther substanceso It has been learned that
the hi11. tribesmen alternate smoking cigaxettes and opium, But they
do not drink liquor or take o~her drugs while smoking opium. If tk~ere
_ are ceremonies at which there ar~ many guests, some tribesmen chew
betal ,
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Poppy is an annual plant. I~ is grown at elevations of approximately
1,000 meters or higher. Officials o~' th~ Public Welfare Department
and anthropo]A gists from the United Nations selected 18 Maeo, Yao,
Liso, Musso and Iko villages as a saniple in Chiang Mai and Chiang
Rai provinces and found that each hill tr~b e family plants 3 to 4
rai in poppy. The average ~'amily incnme a.s 3,200 to 3,600 baht. The
price of opium at that time was 800 to 900 baht per kil.ogram.
In summary, opium yields are 4 kilograms per family. It has been
estimated that the number of ~tribesmen in these five tribes is
~,33,550 people and that there are 18,925 families. If the opium
yield was 4 kilograms per :Eamily in 1962, the hill tribes produ~ed
75,800 kilograms of opiuma
The survey committee recom~nended that th,e, Thai government take
more serious actian in contro~.ling narco~tics in the hi11 tribe areas
by educating the tribesmen, spreading propaganda against poppy
growing, arranging demonstratior?s at the development centers,
posting propaganda posters at the schools, showing movies and
treating the addicts in thP north. The government shouid also
consider formulating a policy setting a time limit by which the hill
tribes must gradually give up growing poppy in each area.
Major Chawalit Yo~mani, the deputy head of the Office of the
Narcotics Contral Board, said that tlze Narcotics Control Board has
implemented a crop subs�~itution and market program in the high
_ areas. Thailand and the Unit2d Nations have promoted the growing of
substitute crops and the development of the communities in the high
areas. At present9 the hill tribesmen living in the project
villagES have a better standaxd of living and the growing of poppy
has declined,
The substitute crops that the hill txibes have been encouraged to
grow include cold-weather fruits such ~s plums and apples, nuts,
f~owers, vegetables, Chinese glower, black mushrooms, cof�ee and
potatoeso
The stipulated policy for gzow:ing substi~ute crops and the way that
- things have ~een. carried on are as foilowsY
1. It has been stipulated that the nor~hern river basins where opium
is grown are to serve as areas ~'o?~ qrowing substitute crops and for
developing the hill tribe commwni~xes. The six [sic] areas are the
Ping River basin, 26,400 square ki~.ome~exs; the Kok River basin,
6,000 square kilometers; the Cha~m Ra.ver basin, 4,600 square
kilometexs; and the Nan River basin, 17,000 square kilometers.
- Methods have been stipizlated for promoting agriculture and the
establi~hme~nt af agricultural cooperatives and for promoting,and
conserving ~the resources in the localities, supportirig research in
the high areas and making a~rangements to provide basa.c s~ate
s~rvices, such as educ~tion, comznunications, river basin development
and ptabl~.c health serv~.ces.
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2. The Office of the Narcotics Con~rol Board ~and the units
responsi.ble in the high areas must cooperate with F}ach ather in
formutating crop substitution and Thai hill tribe community develop-
ment plans and programs for each river basin ~rea, Thc-~se must then
be submitted to the Narcotics Control Board for consideration, after
; which they will be submz.tted to the Na~ional Economic and Social
Development Hoard and t'he cabinet.
3. The Office of the Narcotics Con~rol Board will be the unit to
request money in accord with the crop substitution and Thai hill
tribes community development plans and programs but the government
units that carry on the work in the areas will actually be the ones
to receive the money.
4. The Office of the Narcotics Control Board will coordinate the
work, evaluate the results of the work in the localities in accord
' with Paragraph 1 and report the results to the Narcotics Controi
Board each period,
Based on this policy9 the crop substi~ution and Thai hill tribes
development subcomnlittees can make plans for growing substitute
crops. The area in the Chaem River basin,in Chiang Mai Province,
which is the area ~rhere the most poppy is grown, is where the plan
will be implemented. The plan is calledrthe "Chaem River Basin,
Chiang Mai Province, Crop Substitution and Community Development
Plan.
If you have an opportunity ~to go visit the hill tribes in the
mountains of the northern provinces, you will see that their living
conditions have improved greatly. They are gladly coopexating with
_ the agricultural promotion units, Even i.hough some poppy is still
_ being grown, only very sma11 areas are pianted in poppy, These areas
can be used to grow economic crops for them during the period when
_ the income from growing substitute crops is still much less than the
income from growing poppy. However, you will also see them happily
transporting truckloads of carrots, potatoes and vegetables to the
markets. Next time, I will take you to meet some interesting hiil
tribe families.
. -
11943
CSOs 5300
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THAILAND
ARUG ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS CALLED AZ~ARMING
Bangkok BAN MUANG in Thai 29 Dec 80 p 2
[Editorials "The Heart of the Nation Is Encountering an Alarming
Epidemic"]
[Text] Dr Arun Chaonasai, the head of the Narcotics Ward of the Phra
Monkut Klao Hospital, issued a statement concerning the greatiy
increased use among students of va~ious types of drugs such as
sedatives, sleeping piiis, marihuana and so on that h~ve a great
effect on the mind and nerves. Tha.s is considered to pose as great
a danger to the country as the dangers posed by corrupt government
officiais. We feel that this is another matter that shouid be sol.ved
in addition to giving attention to improving the ~iehavior of the
government officials.
TYie doctor in charge of the Narcot~.cs Ward at the Phra Monkut ISlao
Hospitai stated that, based on interviews with the students who have
come to the hospital for ~~.reatm~nt, it has been estimated that 10
percent of the students at some schoois use such drugs. Drug~.� use
is greatest among students at vocational schools followed by students
at private and public schools. The stati,stics show that more
males than females use drugs. When such drugs are used ~ften and
~ continuousiy, they can become habit-forming and the person is not
aware that he is becoming addicted until after he is already
addict ed ,
Besides disclosing the statistics of the hospitai, the doctor also
disclosed that, after such drugs have been taken for a period, it
becomes necessary to increase the dosage and, after students have
taken such drugs for about 6 months, students will begin to have
trouble studying and their studies will suffer. greatiy. Gne symptom
is drowsiness. Concerning some types of sedatives, if more than six
tablets a day are taken, the person's walk and speech wiii be
affected. As for why such drugs are being used, it has been learned
that this stems from students following their friends. Also, students
who;become addicts often come from broken homes, which creates a gap
between parents and children. To preserve the family, the chiidren
must be given love and affectiono
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All of this is information provided, along with suggestions, by the
doctor. We feel that it is the Cuty o~ all elements, especially
parents, to study and give attention to this. But because of
- oCCUpational needs and social discontent, it is feared tliat this
will not havP any results. This is because such. drugs are -
advertised widespread~y and they are easily purchased everywhPre.
And at some schools, various thing:, have happened that lead us to
believe that outsiders hav-e entered the schools to advertise such
drtzgs, especially among very young students so that they become
familiar with thes~e drugs. Such people are people with bad intentions ~
toward Thai youth.
S omeone once said that the children of Thailand are the country's
heart. This is an immortal statement that must be memorized just
like the national motto. S ince it appears that the heart of the
country is being seriously affected by d~ug anuse, we see another `
disaster facing the country. The children are being destroyed and,it
is believed that, in some schools, outsiders are going in and
inducing the students to try such drugs. Thus, it is the duty of the
schools to be strict about people entering and 1~-ving and about
allowing the s~tudents ta join together in groups out of sight.
Please do not think that the things revealed by the doctor ~re
trivial matters, These shauld be considered to be major matters of
national importance.
11943
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THAILAND
GUARD C~TARGED IN ESCAPE OF LAO SU SENTENCED
Bangkok BAN MUANG in Thai 30 Dec 80 pp 1, 16
[Article: "Caurt Sentences [Guard] to IO Years In Prison; Charges _
Dropped Against the Two Doctors�']
~Text] Yesterday (29 December), the criminal court read the verdict
~.n the case made by the prosec:uter�s office against defendant No 1,
Mr Amnui Phakcharoen, defendant~ No 2, Dr Uthai Tirawanit and
c3efendant No 3, Dr Nonglak Chunsiri, who were the defendants charged
with being officials who carried ~ut their duties improperly, who
were dere].ict in their duties and who engaged in corrupt activities
that resuZted in losses.
The charges can be summarized as fol.lowss Defendant No 1 was an
official of the Penitentiary Department9 defendant No 2 was a doctor
at the Bangkok Municipal Special. Pris~n~Hospital; defendant No 3 was
a doctor a~ the Central Hospita].. Mr Lao Su, alias Sawang Saesu and
Waenkho Saewaen, who was a major heroin trafficker, was arrested by
the police on 20 A,ugust 1977. H~ was charged with having heroin in
his possession with intent to sell it. The head of the Revolutionary
Council orderec~ that he be executed.
But bet~,reen 20 August and 25 October 1977 the exact date is not
known the three d~fendants, together with several other peopie,
coaperated with each other in ii].egai ar-~ :~.~ities. That is, when Mr
Lao Su was imprisoned in ~he Bangkok Munieipal Special Prison, he
pretended to be sick and he was taken ta defendant No 2 for
treatment. But defendant No 2 falsely reported that Mr Lao Su had a
ringir~g in the ears and cauld not 'ri.ear anything and that he felt
that Mr Lao su should be sent to the Central Hospital for examination
and treatment on 14 October 1979;[sic]. Mr Lao Su was, therefore, _
sent to the Central Hospital. Defendant No 3 examined him and faisely
reported tl~at Mr Lao Su was suffering from an earache and headache.
She ordered that he be treated at the Central Hospital. Defendant
No 1 had been ordered by his superior officer to guard Mr Lao Su but
he allowed Mr Lao Su to escapea
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These events took place in Pomprap precinct and ward and in
S amranrat Precinct, Phra Nakhon Ward, Bangkok Municipality. Ail
three defendants denied the charges. After deliberating, the court
found that defendant Na 1 was responsible for being strict with and
1 ooking after Mr Lao Su and for binding him to his bed at the
hospital mentioned above. But he failed to carry out his duties and,
in addition, he went to sleep in a corner outside [Mr Lao Su's]
room. Thus, defendant No 1 did not guard Mr Mao Su ciosely as he
- should have in accord with his duties. The evidence showed that
defendant No 1 was guilty of intentiai dereliction of duty and that
this was the reason that Mr Lao Su had been able to escape. As for
defendants 2 and 3, the evidence was insufficient to find them
guilty. Thus, the court found defendant No 1 guilty in accord with
Article 15~ and decided that he should be given the maximum penalty
allowed by law for this serious crime. The court thus sentenced
defendant No 1 to 10 years in prison~ As for defendants 2 and 3,
the charges against them Were droppecl.
11943
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THAILAND
SOLDIER ~ RCCOMPLICE ARRESTED WITH HEROIN
Bangkok BAN MUANG in Thai 24 Dec 80 p 16
[Late News, News Summary~ columna 10Heroin Valued At 50 Million
Abroad Seized~~]
[Text] From an investigation by Police Ma jor General Phao Sarasin,
the deputy commissioner of the Centra3 Investigation Bureau and the
- secretary-general ~f the Narcc~tics Control Center, it was learned
that there was to be a heroa.n transaction in the Pak Thang area at _
the Wang Yok Restaurant on Silom Road. He thus ordered officiais
from the Narcotics Control Cerate~ and police to go make arrests. At
1630 hours yesterday (23 December), the Narco~ics Control Center
officials who wer.~e on the lookout, saw a red Datsun 160.7y license
No 2K 54].8, with four men zn it acting suspiciously. They thus
searched the car and found six bags of heroin wieghing 2,105
grams hidden in a brown suitcase. The heroin was valued at
approximate].y 500,000 baht here or at 50 million baht abroad.
The heroin and the four suspects were turned over to the
investigation bureau, S~ction 2, Precinct 7, for further handling
o~ the case. The four suspec~s are Mr Thammarat Kaeomanorom, age
31, who ].ives at 244 Village 8, Soi Kanchannakunchon, Bang Prakop
Precince, Ratburana Ward, and who is the owner of the Kaeo Rat
Foundry; Police Sergeant Aphicha~ Mahawong, age 28, a former
paratrooper at the Pawai Special Warfa~��~ ~.:~ilter, who lives at 83
Village 4 in Huai Yap Commune, Muang District, Lamphun Province;
Mr Somnuk ~idaeng, age 29, who lives a~ 900 Latya Street, Khlor.~
San Precinct, Khlong San Ward; and Mr Somwang Salakrom, age 31, wh~
lives at ~9 Village 4 in Khlong Khoen Commune, Muang District,
Samut Prakan Province.
Photo Caption: Mr Somwang Salakrom, Mr Somnuk I,idaeng and Police
Sergeant Aphichat Mahawong, three of the four people suspected of
transporting heroin (in the bags) valued at 50 million baht.
11943
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; _
THAILAND
FOREIGNER ARRES`I'ED WITH HEROIN AT DON MUANG
Banglcok BAN MUANG in Tha i 13 De~c 8 0 pp 1, 2
[Article: "Foreigner Arrested With Heroin Valued at 10 Million
Baht�~] '
[Text] A young American man was arrested with heroin valued at 10
' ~ million baht while he was 3eaving for Hong Kong from Don Muang
airport. Smart customs offiei.ais sa~r that he looked suspicious and
asked to check his "James Bond" briefcase. They found one plastiC "Sin
' Thai~~ bag and two or~~nary bags containing heroin hidden in the
briefcase. He claimed that he was carrying the briefcase for a
; friend.
At 0930 hours yest~rday (12 December) at Don Muang Airport, Mr
; Chirotwichakon Vdarawan, a customs afficer at Dc.,,. Muang Airport, and
Mr Pricha Chawalitthamrong, the head of the investigation and
control section, saw a mal~ foreigner in the departure lounge acting
~ suspicicus as he was about to borad a Cathy Pacific airplane. They
' asked to examine his ~~James Bond" briefcase. Tt turned out that ~he
; briefcase had two compartments. Inside the briefcase was hidden one
plastic ~~Sin Thai'~ bag and two ordinary bags with No 4 heroin. The
heroin weighed a total of 300 grams. Its value in Thailand is -
100,000 baht but in the United States it w~ould have been worth 10
; mill ion baht. He was taken into custody as a suspect. His name is
Mr Jerry Fostamberry. He i.s an American, age 2$. He is a painter
from the state of Alabama in the United S~~teso He arrived in Thai-
land on 5 December and stayed at the Impala Hote1 until he left and _
was arrested.
Mr Fostamberry stated that he was uriaware that contraband was
i hidden ins~.de the briefcase because an American friend of his named
Mr Mike Osbond, age 32, had asked him to carry the bag for him and
. give it to him in San Francisco. He was thus unaware that the brief-
' case contained heroin. After the initial interrogation was compl eted,
~ the customs officiais turned the suspect over to the Suppression
; Division for further handling of the case.
~ 11943 ~
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~
THAILAND
_ NORTHERNERS ARRESTED iJITH NARCOTICS
Bangkok BAN MUANG in Thai 15 Dec 80 pp 1, 2 _
[Article: "Narcotics Valued At 100 Million Haht Seized While Being
Transported to a [Heroa.n] Refi.nery�'] -
[Text] The Narcotics Contro~ Hoard has made known the results in
sezzing opium and morph~.ne v~lu~cl at 100 million baht while it was
- being ~transported ~o a heroin refinery for f~ture sale throughout
the worldo The refinery was io~ated in the jungle near the Thai-
Malaysian bordero The two susp~cts confessed ~hat they had received
- 30,000 baht to transport the drug~o
This resul ted from an investigation by Police Major G eneral Phao
Sarasin, the secre~a~y--general of the Narcotics Control Board. He
had learned that narcotics were going to be secretely transported
from the no-rth to the southo Thus, he ordered Police Lieutenant
Colonel Chakrathep ~msabut, the head af ~the Narcoi.ics Control
Division, and a group oi de~ectives to folloj,r the narcotics
smugg2ers for several da~r.s. ~.nd then at approximately 1630 hours on
I3 December, the narcotics control officials, who werz hiding along
the side of the Bangkok-Non~thaburi highway near the i3ang Son Fire
Station in Bang Son Precinct, Dusi~ Ward, Bangkok Muilicipality, saw
a brown Subaru, license No 2Ng 6~~.1, with two men in it who fit #he
description in the report. TY~ey [ stop~ed the car and] asked to make
a search. They found 30 bags of raw opi~�~,: -�,zighing approximately
63 kilograms anci ~ive bars of No 993 morphzne weighing approximately
6,543 grams hidden in th~ re~r seat~ where a storsge compartment
~.ike a car truck had been madee The va7.ue of the drugs in Bangkok
is 20 million baht; the va~.u~ abroad is ~.00 mil.lion bahto The
suspects were arrested an~ the evidence wa~ seized~ ,
From the investigatioz~, it Was learned that the names of the two
suspects are Mr Dam Fanyac~i., age 40 who lives at 222/9 Chiang Mai-
Lam Phun Street in Nong Hoi Commune, Mua~ng District, Chiang Mai
Province, who is the owner of the Chok Nimit ca.r repair shop in
Chiang Mai and wh~ is the owner the car mentioned aboveo The
other person is Mr Chit Hunsompan, age 26, ~rho lives at 317/1
vi.llage 2, Mae Sai Commune, Ma~ Sai District, Chiang Rai Province.
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Both stated that they had been hired for 30,000 baht to transport
the narcotics from Chiang Mai to aii area in the south near the Thai-
Malaysian border. They were to transport the drugs to a place in the
jungle in Sadao District in Songkhla Province in order to ret'ine
the drugs into heroin. The narcotics were theti to be smuggled out
by sea to Malaysia and from there they were to be distributed -
throughout the world.
As for the two suspects and the evidence, at present the officials
have turned them over to the Nar.~otics Control Divisic~n, Section 2,
Precinct 7P, for further handiing of the case.
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.ARGENTINA
BRIEFS
DRUG ARRESTS--Buenos Aires, 6 Feb (NA)--The Buenos Aires police have broken up
a dangerous ring of international drug traffickers, seizing more than 20 kilograms
of cocaine brough t from Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The police arrested Medrano Uriano
~ Cespedes, 33 years of age, and his wife Dora Bress, 20 years of age, both of Santa _
Cruz, Bolivia, and seized 1.5 kilograms of cocaine hydrochloride. The drug was
to be sent to the United States. During another operation, the police arrested
the well-known drug trafficker Hugo Hurtado Candia, 45 years of age, along with
Gladys R~yes de Guzman, 33 years of age; Aico Teresa Peruya Terrace, 45 years of
age; and Maria Elena Sagle Suarez, all residents of Santa Cruz. During this
operation police seized 6.8 kilograms of cocaine. Finally, on 28 January, during
another operation, the police arrested Miguel Orihuela, Bolivian, 50 years of
age, and Maria Orihuela de Aourdene, Bolivian, 40 years of age, and seized 7.5 -
kilograms of cocaine hydrochloride. [PY092049 Buenos Aires NOTICIAS ARGENTINAS
in Spanish 0045 GMT 7 Feb 81]
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BARBADO S
BRIEFS
JAMAICAN FINED--Jamaican, Airton Samuel Smith, was yesterday fined BDs$2 500 in
the D~.strict "B" Criminal Court for illegal possession of cannibis. Smith was
arrested at the Grantly Adams ?nternational Airport December 21, when he was
found in possession of the drug in an ornament. He was remanded in custody un-
til yesterday when he reappeared before Magistrate Dudley Johnsvn. He was ordered
to pay the f ine forthwith, with an alternative of 12 months in prison. [Text]
[Bridgetown ADVOCATE-NEWS in English 30 Dec 80 p 2]
CSO: 5300
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~
~
;
~ BERMUDA
;I -
BRIEFS
- DOPE IN TOMBSTONES--Hamilton,Bermuda, Sunday. (CANA)--Bermuda police say they
foiled a bizarre attempt to dope smugglers to bring marijuana into the island
from Jamaica when they seized two concrete tombstones at the airport. When the
tombstones wh ich had arrived aboard a British Airways flight from Kingston were
- smashed open they were found to contain 19-1/2 pounds of the dru~.~; worth
~JS$40,000 on the black market here, police said Friday. The tomb:~.ones were
, addressed to a Hamiton funeral home but police said the home was not implicated
in the venture. Six people are helping police with their anquiries. [Text]
[Bridgetown ADVOCATE NEWS in English 22 Dec 80 p 6]
CSO: 5300
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I '
B~JLIVIA
BRIEFS
COCAINE PROFITS--La Paz, 9 Feb (AFP)--According to a report by the International
: Commission to Fight Drugs published ttere today, the cocaine traffic has created
50 new millionares in Bolivia. [PY111732 Paris AFP in Spanish 1520 GMT 9 Feb 81]
J
COCA LEAVES PRICE--Cochabamba, 4 Feb (TELAM)--Due to the prohibition on selling
coca leaves in the Santa Cruz Department, the price of the leaves have been
, ~ drastically reduced in the production areas from $600 or $700 for a load of 250
kilograms to $200. [PY111732 Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish 1425 GMT 4 Feb 81]
~ - ARREST OF DRUG TRAFFICKERS--Five Colombian citizens, named (Emilio Rafael Villegas
y~ Marquez), (Fernando Garracia), (Zacarras Arrieta), (Laurero Segundo) and (Alfredo
Acosta), were arrested at the Santa Cruz international airport E1 Trompillo
last Sunday, when they tried to board a plane with 5.5 kg o� cocaine base strapped
to their bodies. [PY110153 La Paz Radio Illimani Network in Spanish 0100 GMT
11 Feb 81 ]
CSO: 5300
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i BRAZIL
j
' MOTORCYCLE SMUGGLER ENGAGID IN DRUG TRAFFICKING ACTIVITIES
~ Rio de Janeiro 0 GI~OBO in portuguese 19 Dec 80 p 15
[Text] Automobil e driver Milton Augusto do Ama.ral was arrested in flagrante by
oEficers of the Automobile Robbery and Theft Division [DRFA] with 4 contraband
motorcycles and 1 2 boxes of dental equipment, in addition to a small quantity
of cocaine.
Amaral, who operat es a mechanic's shop in Praca Gardenia Azul, in Jacarepagua,
assembled the moto rcycles, which were smuggled through the Free Zon~ in Manaus
by a man known as Luis Eduardo, white, of good appearance, probably about 33
years old. Eduardo, who operates an iron and steel firm at Km2 on the Dutra
Highway, is being sought by the police.
No estimate has yet been made of the value of the contraband seized from Amaral
by DRFA. The po 1 ice have no idea of the value of the dental material in his
' possession, but the cost of a single 1980 Rawasaki 1,300-cc motorcycle is
estimated at 1.3 million cruzeiros.
An anonymous tip led the police to Amaral's garage at 1510 Rua Tenente Colonel
~ Moniz Aragao, Prac a Gardenia Azul, in Jacarepagua. According to their informant,
the stolen, smugg 1 ed motorcycles were stored, assembled, modified and sold.
Day before yesterday the DRFA made sn afternoon raid on the garage and f~~und a
19$0 Kawasaki 1,3 00-cc motorcycle, with no plates and no papers. There was
also a 750-cc Suzuki motorcycle. It bore Petropolis plates, but the chassis
~ number had been f iled off.
Cocaine
The Police seized the two motorcycles. In the office of the garage they found
cocaine valued at 20,000 cruzeiros.
- Amaral said he d id not know how the cocaine got into his office, where "people
. are coming in all day long." He said he picked up the Kawasaki for repairs in
Ladeira do Sacopa, but he could not supply the address or the name of the owner.
He also said the Suzuki with the abliterated chassis number belonged to him.
23
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From the garage on Prace Gardenia Azul, the police went to Amaral's farm at
1425 Estrada dos Tres Rios. There, in a shed behind the main house, they found
12 boxes of smuggled dental ma.terial. The shipping label was stamped Santiago, Chile.
Amaral said the dental material was received by his wife, Alis Nercessian do
Amaral, on 25 November, from a man known as Doctor Ivan. Ama.ral did not know the
doctor's last name, his address or any other identifying information.
In another building in front of the main farm house, there were two 1980 silver
Honda motorcycles, 750-cc, recently assembled, since the packing crates
were still there.
CraCed
Amaral said the crated motorcycles had been brought to his farm by truck, by a
man known as Luis Eduardo, the operator of an iron and steel company at Km 2
~ on the Dutra Highway.
The driver added that Luis Eduardo paid him 12,000 cruzeiros to assemble the two
Hondas. Contradicting his previous statement, he finally admitted that he had
received 40,000 cruzeiros from this same man to assemble the 1,300-cc Kawasaki
- found at his garage.
Amaral then telephoned Luis Eduardo, who promised to appear to the police by
midnight of day before yesterday, but he did not keep his promise. Now DRFA
police are searching for him. Luis Eduardo is thought to be the most important
member of the smuggling ring.
,a ~
~ ~ .
,i i
~
. ~
- , , -
h IK 4 ~~F`'M ' . . \
- e . 1' r s~`~`~'~ r~' U i~C
e V >ii~ ~ . ~
w 'S~.w+
;~~f ~ ~ ' ' ~
r' ' ~ -y, 1 q ~ ~ ~ a ~?!r i" t;
f ~ ~ +t"u � Y ~,1 ? ` �
->9a.~i'" w. a'~~ !wt , .
s > ;
P ~R., ~ r ~~i-y~b~ ~ / ' ~
i~~~i I~~~ar~~~~'~~~~1~t4~~~'"la l ~
'~L-~~~~"~'~~~~oae?~`~~~`"~'~~~ + ' ,
~ s.~da.n-~-:. . ,
Motorcycles found in Amaral's house in Jacarepagua. Milton Amaral, who
. assembled the motorcycles.
6362 ~
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_
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BRAZIL
i
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BRIEFS
POLICEMAN ARRESTED WITH PERVENTIN--Porto Alegre (0 GLOBO)--Inspector Aldo Kaminski,
~ who works in the Porto Alegre DETRAN [Traffic DepartmentJ, was arrested ye~~erday
afternoon with 6,000 ampules of Perventin. Information provided by four
traffickers arrested at the beginning of the week led the Special Operations
Group to Kaminski, who was part of a drug ring i~ith connections in Santa Catarina
and Paraguay. [Text] [Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese 13 Dec 80 p 8] b362
ARMS SEIZID IN DRUG OPERATION--Salvador--By the end of an operation conducted on
the major highways of Bahia, aimed at controlling traffic in drugs and contraband,
' 40 Federal Police agents established that Brazilians are arming themselves, either
- to defend themselves against violence or to take part in it. In only 72 hours,
! checking about 1,000 vehicles, the police seized 1,200 weapons. The police found -
' revolvers and automatic weapons, particularly Mausers, in 8 out of every 10 cars
searched. The other vehicles invariabl;~ had at least a knive, an iron bar, a
I metal chain or a club. In a Corcel, for example, the agents found no Iess than
three weapons, one in the glove compartment, one under the carpeting and one
beside the spare tire. Al1 the confiscated weapons were taken to the 6th Military
Region. The owners will have up to 6 months to prove the weapons were acquired
lega~ly. O~e c~ t~e re~.:ivers atcracted pariicuiar attenr.i~n of th~ o;:`~_~~rs.
' It was a gold-plated, short-barreled .32-caliber Rossi, serial number C424920.
The operation was also fruitful with respect to contraband, netting merchandise
valued at 3 million cruzeiros in all, including imported whiskey, 500 watches,
; various jewelry, perfume, fountain pens and lengths of tropical worsteds. [TextJ
[Rio de Janeiro JORNAL DO BRASIL in Portuguese 24 Dec 80 p 7[ 6362
;
TOTAL DRUG SEIZURES IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL--In all, about 4 tons of marihuana,
i 42.5 kg of cocaine and 298 grams of hashish were seized by the Federal Police
- ~ Narcotics Division in Mato Grosso do Sul during the past year, resulting in 300
inquests and 435 indictments. Almost a11 the material seized was incinerated.
~ Also seized in the same period were 72 trucks carrying 12,000 sacks of coffee and
~ 47 trucks transporting 110,000 sacks of sugar to Paraguay. Trr.e list of Gpprehended
material, valued at 270 million cruzeiros,.included 14 foreign motorcycles, 6
~ pleasure vehicles and an undetermined but very large quantity of foreign liquor
~ and electronic equipment and components, including color-television tubes. ~TextJ
j [Sao Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 24 Dec 80 p 11] 6362
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CHILE
BRIEFS
DRUG ARRESTS--The Santiago police have arrested four drug traffickers trying to
sell 25 grams of cocaine. They are.: (Fernando Fontena), 21 years o f age;
(Rolando Pinceira Ballabares), 45 yeaYS of age; (Juan Parra Rios); and (Romulo
Ayala Valenzuela). [PY101902 Santiago Chile Domestic Service in Spanish 1000 GMT
10 Feb 81]
CSO: S 300
26
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; ~
COLOMBIA
UN CONVENTION ON DRUG CONTROL SIGNED
BogoCa EL TIEMPO in Spanish 12 Jan 81 p 12-A
[Text] The consumption of addictive substances is very common in this country,
and is on the rise, according to the text of a convention for the prevention,
; treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts that was signed recently between the
~ Colombian Government and the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC).
_ Information compiled by the agencies responsible for the control of drug traffick-
_ ing and abuse indicates a considerable increase in the number of arrests and
~ seizures in the decade between 1970 and 1980. But it also reveals the results of
epidemiological studies, indicating that 54 percent of secondary studeni:s of
; Medellin, Bogota, Barranquilla and Bucaramanga have used drugs at least once, and
a high percentage of them are habitual users.
~
; The prevalence of druQS was 433 percent [as published] in Medellin, 498 per-
cent in Bogota, 383 percent in Barranquilla and 682 percent in Bucaramanga,
, according to studies conducted in 1974, which formed the basis of the program,now
being implemented.
~ Dr Lelio B. Calheiros, Colombian representative to the Pan-American Health Organiza-
tion (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (the program's executive
, agency), explained to reporters of the U.S. International Communication Agency
~ that the program came about as a result of a request by the Colombian Government
; to UNFDAC through the Ministry of Public Health. It was begun with a contribution
_ of 25 million pesos, and will continue to receive support from the United Nations -
i to the tune of $140 million (7 million pesos).
This is not a program for police actions or repression, but a preventive program
; that involves training abroad for those who deal with drug addicts. The training
~ includes techniques for f.amily counseling within an educational context, according
~ to Calheiros.
~
~ Under the agreement signed last 17 October, treatment centers for drug addicts
i were established in Bogota, Manizales, Bucaramanga, Medellin and Armero, under the
~ public sector. All the centers will serve as models for the subsequent establish-
~ ment of centers in other parts of Colombia.
i
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Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of the program, according to Jairo Luna Acosta, chief of
Che Mental Health Division of the Ministry of Public Health, are:
--The development of sufficient human resources to operate prevention, assistance
and rehabilitation services.
--Epidemiological and operational research to gain a better understanding of the
problem and of the use of present and future services.
--The establishmenC of prevention, assistance and rehabilitation services in five
regions of the country, to serve as a model for the creation of similar services
in other areas where drug abuse is common.
--The establishment of support laboratories to carry out services and research on
drug addiction. Initially a pilot laboratory will be set up for training, and
later the rest will be built.
The funds provided by the UNP'DAC, will be used to set up eight scholarships for
observation visits abroad at the coordination and operative administration levels.
The Antioquia Mental Hospital in Bello will be the main technical training center
where short courses will be given, since this hospital has gained ample experience
in the field of drug addiction. _
In addition, auxiliary personnel will be trained, and key community groups will be
educated in each of. the cities included in the project, with the technical support
of the Antioquia Center.
Marihuana
According to prior studies, the substance most often used in Colombia is marihuana.
It. has a tendency to replace the heavy consumption of lesser tranquilizers.
There are special groups, such as the "gamines" or abandoned children, who live in
the large cities of the country and are exposed to a high risk of consumption of
dependencyvroducing substances, according to the document.
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~
' COLOMBIA
. TRAFFICKERS FUNDS TO BE INVESTIGATED
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 9 Jan 81 pp 1-A, 2-A
, [Article by Roman Medina B.]
' [Text] The bank and tax accounts of inembers of drug production and trafficking
~ syndicates will be monitored for investigative purposes, under a drastic bill that
I is being promulgated to repress the drug market. The government will submit the
bill to Congress.
At the same time, the government will define a new "personal consumption quantity,"
and will establish an abbreviated procedure for prosecuting people who engage in
such behavior. The government will also determine who has jurisdiction over these
cases.
The measures to combat the illegal drug trade are being taken under a law granting
~ special powers to the president. Congress will begin studying the legislation in
special sessions beginning next 20 January.
; This effort to step up the battle against drug trafficking goes hand in hand with
~ the government's program to clean up public administration. It is well known that
in another bill seeking to impose penalties for illicit gains, Executive Branch
employees would be required to submit income and bank account statements when they
enter and leave office.
A major feature of the new measures against drug trafficking is the surveillance
; of these monies through taxation, and the monitoring of bank accounts to prevent
the funneling of money into what has been called the "underground economy."
~ Another significant point is the regulation that will prevent tax evasion by those
' who earn money through drug trafficking.
According to Justice Minister Felio Andrade Manrique, the bill seeks to create a
I National Drug Statute that is up-to-date, efficient and technical. It will cover -
, all drug-related felonies or misdemeanors, while setting forth the judicial,
~ administrative and punitive measures that will be taken against persons and
property in order to combat these serious crimes.
I
He stressed that in view of the increasing threat to the economic, social and
moral fabric of Colombian society posed by drug-related crimes, "it is necessary
, ~ 29
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and imperative that a new National Drug Statute be passed as soon as possible." ~
He recalled that the current statute, Decree-Law number 1188 of 1974, based on the
special powers granted to the president by Law 17 of 1973, "is insufficient, not
only because of the expansion of drug-related activities, but also because of the
appearance of new types and qualities of drugs whose consumption, production,
distribution and marketing should be curtailed by the Colombian Government."
Minister Andrade emphasized that Article 2 of the bill sets forth the guidelines
of the new statute. "Our purpose above all is to systamatize the various
drug-related crimes, varying the penalties accordi'ng to the quality, type and
quantity of drug involved. The degree of social damage or danger presented by the
various criminal activities will be taken into consideratior~."
The bill will establish new definitions of felonies and misdemeanors, taking into
consideration the different forms drug trafficking has taken in recent years.
It will also clearly define the quantity considered reasonable for "personal
consumption," according to the type of drug or substance involved. An abbreviated
procedure will be created for the investigation and prosecution of such cases.
In the same manner, to monitor bank deposits and the capital market in general to
determine �ahat becomes of drug trafficking profits, and to control the tax evasion
practiced by these criminals, the statute allows for the surveillance of bank and
tax accounts so that violators can be fully investigated.
Basic Features
Here are the basic features of the new National Drug Statute to be promulgated by
the Executive in accordance with the special powers granted by Congress:
--The statute will take into consideration the degree of social damage or danger
presented by this criminal activity in order to correctly systematize and classify
the actions governed by Decree number 1188 of 1974 and the new violations covered
by the special powers act.
--It will establish a system whereby penalties vary according to the nature of the
drug, the quantity and quality, the destination, d~~a the personal circumstances of
those who engage in such acCivities. -
--It will define the various illegal activities as felonies or misdemeanors to -
provide for adequate prevention or repression of the actions involved in the
cultivation, processing, preservation, consumption or marketing of drugs, or any
other related activity.
--The staCute will define the quantity considered reasonable for personal consump- . _
tion, setting up an abbreviated procedure for the prosecution of such cases, and
will determine who has jurisdiction over these cases.
--It will adopt the necessary measures for government confiscation of the property
involved in the commission of such crimes. It will also dictate what is to be done
with the drugs that are seized.
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--It will determine the value as evidence to be accorded the pr.eliminary steps
taken by the Judicial Police in the investigation of these crimES.
--It will make provisions for the destruction of drug-related crops as well as the
drugs, substances, ingredients or equipment used in the cultivation, processtng,
consumption, trade or other handling of these materials.
--The statute will contribute to and initiate publicity campaigns and educational
programs designed to discourage the production, trafficking or consumption of
drugs or substances that produce a physical or psychological dependency, alcoholic
beverages, tobacco and other toxic substances.
--It will regulate the manufacture, treatment, transportation and destination of
substances which produce a physical or psychological dependency.
--Measures will be adopted for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts.
--The National Drug Council will be restructured.
_ --The statute will regulate the traffic of aircraft, ships and vehicles, and the
authorization of the construction, dismantling or destruction of landing strips
and docks.
--It will establish the penalties for felonies or misdemeanors defined by the -
National Drug Statute.
--It will establish presumptions of dolus, illegal consideration and illicit
objectives in civil and commercial contracts undertaken by people prosecuted for
' any of the activities covered by the statute.
--It will provide for the monitoring of bank and tax accounts for investigations
of the activities covered by the statute.
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~COLOMBIA
ANTTDRUG CAMPAIGN IN SCHOOLS BEGUN
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 22 Jan 81 Sec A pp 13, 26
[Text~ Susana arrived hastily at the corner of the park, afraid that he would not be
there. She waited a few minutes until he appeared. Raising and lowering the arch
of his eyebrows, as if in a signal arr~nged in advance, the man in the striped shirt
nodded his head.
When he approached, after looking in both directions, he offered the girl a small
newsprint envelope which was exchanged, in turn, for several bills which Susana
held in her 1ef t hand .
The man in the striped shirt left, counting a large sum of money, while Susana,
unconcerned, only had time to put a small colored pill into her mouth before taking
off from planet earth.
Freedom of Action
Camouflaged under the slogan "love and peace" which the idealists of the 1960's and
1970's onc~ wanted, the drug traffickers have reached the doors of schools, neighbor-
hood parks and discotheque establishments.
They have taken adv3ntage of the understandable waywardness of the adolescent years,
and have very quietly inf iltrated Che youth's gathering places. But these shady
ir~dividuals have also taken advantage of the fact that no one notices them. The
news media usually point their antennas at the la~-~^ ~rug shipments and exporting
areas, and have forgotten our young, defenseless consumers. The same thing holds
true for the authorities: The surveil'l.ance has been intensified at La Guajira, and
neglected in the towns. In Bogota, for example, it is very easy for the uninitiated
to fall victim to the cleverly spun webs of the speedy anonymous t~affickers.
A Campaign for Everyone
This year, however, the situation will be different for Bogota. Aware of the fore-
going, the assistant prosecutor for the Judicial Police of the Office of Attorney
General of the Nation is starting a great campaign this month to eradicate the sale
and consumption of narcotics on the digtrict level, by means of an intensive opera-
tion that will cover neighborhoods, schools, eating establishments, parks, disco-
theques and other locations in which the hallucinogenic substances are distributed.
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But the promoters of this campaign, the name of which musC be kept confidential
for obvious reasons, need the citizens' cooperation most of all. One of them
remarks: "The onlp assistance that is asked is to make a telephone call to either
of these two numbers: 285-54-02 or 285-23-62, whenever one observes these drug
trafficking maneuvers."
With this information, which will be anonymous if desired, the members of that insti-
tution will take Che pertinent steps to combat the narcotics sale.
The Danger Is Hovering
According to the comments made by those in charge of the operation, "We realized
that we had always been concerned about the exported drug trafficking, and overlook -
what remains, which is preci.sely what our youth consumes. The latest reports on
drug sales indicate that che 'small distributors' have not only reached the neighbor-
hoods and schools, but no longer sell mer~ly marihuana, but far more dangerous drugs,
such as ' jumbos' ,''bazookas' and all types of amphetami.nes..."
~ They add: "These peddlers could be very easily identified by housewives, parentsy
etc., and so with a mere phone call to the aforementioned numbers, we could prevent
more adolescents from ~purchasing the dreadful commodity, ignorant of its terrible
consequences."
They are consequencesstill unknown to Susana, because she has now sper~t 2 and I/2
years confined to a drab bed, held in a distant asylum, recovering from the devastat-
ing effects of a sudden overdose....
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COLOMBIA
' NAVY TAKES OVER SIX 'MAFIA'.SHIPS
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 19 Jan 81 Sec A p 12
- [TextJ The National Navy announced that it has incorporated into its units six
- ships on which marihuana and cocaine were formerly transported.
The decision was made on the basis of 1ega1 regulations, and those smaller.units
are ARC "Turbo," ARC "To1u," ARC "�SerranilZa," ARC "Teniente de Navio Jose Maria
_ Palas," ARC "Teniente de Navio Alejandar Baldomero Salgado," and ARC "Teniente
Primero Alca.la."
The Navy previously ix~corporated the tugboats ARC "Pedro Heredia" ARC "Rodrigo de -
Bastidas" and ARC "Sebastian de Balalcazar" which will be used for surveillance,
training, sovereignty and public order on the two seas.
The National Navy, with 1ts units and in cooperation with the Ministry of Health,
the Red Cross, Civil Defense and certain decentralized institutions, carried out
a naval civil action plan in the areas of the Caribbean ar_3 Pacific coasts, the
archipelago of San And.res and Providenc~a, the island of Gorgona, ar.d the Magda-
lena, Cauca, Atrato, San Jorge, Orteguaza, Caqueta, Putumayo, Amazonas, Meta and _
- Orinoco RivErs.
There were 28,718 medical offics visits, 10,644 dental office visits, 9'18 cases of
minor surger;~, 2,578 prescriptions filled and 282 settlements visited, all in the
space of 1 year.
An agreement was also signed with SENA [National Apprenticeship Service] that
permits the National Navy to endow the p~:rsonnel renderir~;; military service with
technical qua~.ifications.
- In cooperation with INDERENA [Institute for Uevelc~m~nt of Renewable Natural -
Resources], the reforestation plan has been continued, contributi~g to the pre-
servation of the renewable natural reaources.
The project to provide electronic equipment and instruction to the ARC "Barranquilla" -
training base, through the purchase of di~ital technical equipment and instruction,
was implemented. ~
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~ Operations
The following operations were carried out over a period of a year:
Patrols, using units of the special forces, in the harbors of Cartagena and Buenaven-
tura, in order to curb illegal fishing and prevent piracy.
Participation in the drug traffic control operations carried out by ground units
of the Atlantic Nava1 Force, using members of the amphibian commands, with satis-
factory results.
Patrols in the land areas under the National Navy's jurisdietion, in order to
check the smuggling of coEfee, wSth excellent results.
Operations to back up the civilian population in the Pacific area which was struck
by the sea and earthquake of 1979, specifically in Tumaco, San Juan, Nuevo San
Juan and San Sebastian.
Operations to oversee public order, especially in the area of Cartagena and Since-
lejo.
Operat~.ons to oversee the elections of 9 March, in order to guarantee public order
and free vot.ing.
Sovereignty operations on the archipelago of Sa.n Andres and Providencia.
Patrol operations with the river commands on the Magdalena, Cauea and Putumayo
Rivers, especially to back up the operations against the armed groups.
Finally, it was learn~d that the Navy concluded a contract between the government
of Colombia and the German firm Ferrostaal, for the construction of two research
_ ships with an approximate price of 29 mi:llion marks of the Federal Republic of
Germany. One will be for fishing and oceanographic research, and the other for
oceanographic and geophysical research; and they will be provided with the necessary
laboratories. These units will have the appropriate facilities for underwater
exploration and exploration of the marine subsoil, related to minerals and hydro-
carbons.
2909
CSO: 5300
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COLOMB~A
CESAR OFFICIAL REJECTS ACCUSED JUDGE'S ALLEGATIONS
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 20 Jan 81 Sec D p 1
[Text] Valledupar9 19 January--The Cesar government's legal adviser, Gustavo Casado
Ainaris, told EL TIEMPO: "The one who failed to obey the legal requirements is the
fourth municipal penal ~udge, Jose Joaquin Cariaciolo Carrillo, who handled the
legal expedient of habeas corpus, releasing seven dx~g traffickers, on 31 December."
He added: "He is falsifying facts, beeause he did not send th~ official memorandum
of petition, as cited in Article 419 of the Code of Penal Procedure, which stipulates:
If it appears from Che petition that the appeal is in order, the judge will imme-
diately request of the respective authorities, within a period of 24 hours, a report
in writing on the date nf the capture, and the reasons which prompted it."'
Ev~.dence of the foregoing is the fact that, on the same date, the third municipal
penal couxt sent official memorandum 1158, pursuant to the terms o� the aforemen-
tioned article, to carry out another similar process wherein the same type of appeal
had ~been filed, g3ving the response that a decision calling for a penalty had been
issued against the individual.
The government's le~al adviser claimed that, if this was the way in which the govern-
ment official received the request ~rom the other court, he would have done the same
thing in that instance.
Attorney Casado Amaris flatly rejected the claims of the fourth municipal penal
judge to the effect that the Cesar government had failed to meet the requirements,
and maintained that there were provisions for special cases.
"The legalization of detention in the case of drug traffi:.kers begins in the adminis-
trative process, when the governor exchanges the penalty of imprisonment for a fine,
in accordance with the terms of Decree 2144/78, and its amendment, 402/79.
"Ne3ther the 1ega1 office nor the governor may send a certif icate of detention to
the prison administration un~il 20 work days have elapsed since the decision was
handed down, a period wherein the governor will exchange impri~onment for a fine,
at the rate of 500 pesos per day, based on paragraph 2, A~rticle 5, ot Decree 2144/78,
and its amendment, 402/79."
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If an appeal from the ~udgment is filed within the legal period, the writ of execu-
tion for the decision on the penalty goes into effect 3 days after the appeal has
been decided upon, against which there can be no other appeal, except for annulment
witih the consent of the MiniGCry of Government.
Casado Amaris was emphatic in stating: "We are not obliged tt~ send an offieial memo-
randum to give notification on penalties, because the ~ail's legal office is appris-
ed of its contents and the certificate of detention is issued once the period that
the offenders have to pay the fine has expired."
The official also claimed that the court did not send the government an official
_ memorandum, and it did not arrive in the government even on 7 Janutary; because,
. if it had, it would have been found to be ~ust like of�icial memorandum 006, of
5 Janu-ary of this year, ia which no information was requested, but which briefly
stated that, by.virtue of a decision of 31 December, s~ven individuals penalized
with a fine of 1 million pesos by the Cesar government, had been released.
The government's legal adviser also ascrihed to the judicial jails' administration
and legal adviser's off.ice the responsibility for l~gal~zing the detention of the
drug traffickers, a~d r~sferred to Article 438 of the Code of Penal ProcEdure.
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~OLOMBIA
F-2 BREAKS UP HUILA COCAINE RING
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR ~n Spanish 17 Jan 81 Sec A p 20
[Text] F-2 �orces of the National Police, ~.fter an intensive investigation conducted
from Bogota, succeeded in breaking up a well organized ring of drug traffickers
whose center of operatior~s was located on a farm in the municipality of Tello, in
the department of Huila.
It was also learned that a sma11 airplane which was about to land on the site, and
the features of which are being kept confidential for subsequent investigation, took
off quickly upon noting the presence o� the secret agency's units; and its whereabouts
are unknown thus far.
Criminal Ki11ed
In the action a dangerous criminal was killeci, and four other individuals were cap-
tured. In addition, 30 kilograms of cocaine hydrochlorate, weapons and two automo-
biles were confiscated.
The criminal who was killed answered to ths name of Rafael Orjuela Triana, alias
"Lalay", and served as head of the ringa The other antisocial individuals were
identified as Luis Alberto Echeverry Bedoya, a native of Florencia, Caqueta; Rodrigo
Echeverry Alarcon, from Doncello, Caqueta; Luis Hernando Matiz Bernal, from Bogota;
and Uriel Serrato Montero, also from Bogota.
The blow was dealt at the La Manguita farm, in the Palmichal rural section in the
~urisdiction of the municipality of Tello.
On the aforementioned premises, the cocaine traffickers had set up a modern laboratory
for processing coca, wh~ch was later sent to other li4ison locations in the ndtion's
leading cities to be subsequently ship~ed abroad. -
Shooting
' When the members o~ F-2 threatened the drug traffickers, the subject iirjuela Triana
opened �ire at the authorities, and an intense battle took place, ending with the
death of the criminal and the capture of his accomplices.
Tize ringlzader, Orjuela Triana, had a lengthy criminal record, inasmuch as he was
wanCed by the first superior customs courC of Bogota for drug trafficking in a
warrant which had been in effect since 17 February 1972. He had also served a
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~
I sentence for haning killed police Ma~ Alfonso Sanchez Barazarte, a former presiden-
-i tial aide-de-camp, in an incident which occurred in Bogota about 3 years ago.
. Supplies Seized
A large amount of suppl~es used to prepare and dry the substance, as well as a Colt
Magnum 357 revolver with five chambers and one cartr3,dge,a green and ivory Ford car
with license plates A~-6465 and a wiiite 1980 model Daihatsu 3eep were placed at the
disposal of the authorities.
The Ford car had been used to block the road leading to the farm, and when it was
_ carefully searched by the F-2 forces it was found to be equipped .to conceal drugs
in its interior.
. ,
:
:a~` ~ ~ ~
~ r~ z
. . f ; " ( ,
y ~
,
~ ~x.
,
. ; ~
~ . ~
Luis A16erto ~cheverry Urie/ Serrato Luis Nernando Matiz Rodr~go Echeverry
Bedoya INontero Bernal A(arc6n
i
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~ 39
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_ COLOMBIA
MAR.IHUANA, COCAINE TRAFFICKERS SEIZED
Bogota ~L ESPECTAI?OR tn Spanish 16 Jan 81 Sec A p 12
_ [Text] Yesterday, members of the Antinarcotics Group attached to the Office of the
Attorney General of the Nation captured two women and seized 500 bags of marihuana
in the middle of downtown Bogota, when the hallucinogenic grass was being sold on
a public thoroughfare.
The grass was sold in the crowded section at the corner of ~22d Street and Highway 7,
and at the entrance to the adjacent theaters.
Those arrested were 3dentified as Carmen Hernandez Escobar, a native of Ibague, and
Trinidad del Carmen Doming~uez.
The authorities reported that the blow dealt to the drug traffickers marked the
beginning of an operation aimed ~~t curbing the "free" sale of hallucinogenic sub-
stances.
In Medellin
Also, in the Guayabal district of Medellin, the officials from the Attorney General's
Office seized 10 kilograms of cocaine with a high degree of purity, together with
20 kilograms of marihuana, and managed to capture three individuals as they were
attempting to conceal the alkaloid in a car.
Arrested in this criminal incident were Carlos Tom._ ~uran, a Medellin merchant;
Oliverio Cartagena Jaramillo, a native of Caldas; and a woman, Gloria Amparo Restrepo.
,
In the operation a Break type Renault station wagon was seized., a vehicle in which
they tried to conceal the drugs, so as to t?-ansport them ~ater to the capital of the
republic.
2909
- CSO: 5300
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COLOMBIA
THREE FREED TRAFFICKERS RESURRENDER
~ y
Bogota EL TIII~O in Spanish 15 Jan 81 Sec A p 6
[Text] Valledupar, 14 January--In an incident unprecedented in the history of drug
trafficking, three individuals who had obtained their release through the legal
expedient of habeas corpus handled by a muniEipal penal eourt in this town, appeared
voluntarily before the government authorities to have their status resolved in the
administrative process that the Cesar government has been eonducting against them
' for violation of the Security Statute.
; The competent authorities began investigating the release, which evoked a legal
scandal and a forceful statement from Governor Jose Gu3.]~lermo Castro, and was
~ applied to the fourth penal 3udge, Jose Joaquin Cariaciollo Carrillo, and to the -
~ail director, Rodrigo Aaro.n Medina.
i
; Luis ~rnesto Becerra Bonilla, Luis Alberto Rojas and Angel Chacon were the three
persons who appeared to have their status determined. Theq were members of a group
' of seven being investigated.
~
~ Released together with the aforementioned individuals on 31 December were Alirio
' Ro~as Mola.no who, at the Cime of his arrest, was an official of the Prosecutor's
Office Antinarcotics Group, Arcesio Sanchez Cotes, Sixto Quesada Pujana and Juan
Emilio Redondo, all of whom were penalized with a fine of 1 million pesos by the
governmeat, when 360 quintales of ~arihuana were found in th~ir possession in the
vicinity of E1 Copey.
Still being held in the same case are Libardo Antonio Duran, Fidel Antonio Clavijo
Moreno, Walberto Madrid Gonzalez, Heraclito Almozo Fontalvo and Jose Trinidad Oli-
' vera Arcila, the latter under orders of the military penal court, because he holds
the position of technical petty offi~er at the Atlantico Naval Base.
~ The ,~ail establishment director had been notified of the drug traffickers' release
by an official memorandum from the fourth municipal penal court, wh.ich had handled
' the aforementioned petition for habeas corpus. -
~
' The government's legal office, for its part, stated that the court in question did
not ask nor inquire whether the accu~ed were at its disposal, nor report on the
; release of those in custody.
~ 2909
I CSO: 5300
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COLOMBIA
- PRICE OF MARIHUANA DROPS SHARPLY
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spani.sh 19 Jan 81 Sec A pp 1, 12
[Text] Marihuana prices have dropped 70 percent and, according to highly reliable
sources, the cost of an arroba in the northern. section of the country has declined
from 130,000 to 40,000 pesos.
The same sources noted that, although it may appe~r to be u~true, this fact has
caused a depression in that paxt of the country.
The drop was attributed to several factars: the withdrawal of the public forces
which reduced the risks, the ~.ncrease in product3.on, whi~h has spread to other
parts of the country, part3.cularly the eastern plains, the national territories
and even the coffee-growing areas, and the fact that more marihuana is being grown
increasingly in the United States.
From the standpoint of income, two di~tinguished personages whose names we shall ~
obviously not disclose said that the "serviees" sector, which in 1980 showed income
of nearly $600 million, may encounter a ser3.ous decline in 1981.
The drop in price has directly affected nearly 2,000 families estimated to be engag-
ed in growing marihuana in the northern part of the country.
Economists Hernando Ruiz and Jose Fernando Lopez had ealculated rhat the illegal
- transact-ions involving foreign trade contributed in an effective ax~d implicit manner
to the strengthen3ng of th~ Colombian economy's ex"�^~':.~1 se~tor during the final
years of the 1970's.
They claimed that, even in 1979, those transactions contrib~ted some $850 million
to the positive balance of the offieial ~o'reign~e~ctlang e balance.
Ruiz and Lopez, who are affiliated with the National Association of Financial Insti-
tutions (ANIF), showed that the external sector "will neeessaril.y have to be support-
ed in the years to com~e by the funds from that 'other economy' (now in a state ~f
crisis), regardless of what option is chosen for its future management.
"Owing largely to the difficulties that- wi.ll confront the countrq's balance of pay-
ments because of the considerable fuel imports that must be ma.de, as well as the
fact that there is not much optimism about the immediate performance of exports,
the dependence will continue during the 1980's," declared the researchers.
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They suggested that the relations between the legal sector and the underground
economy be rationalized, through mechanisms such as the legaLization of marihuana
(70 percent of the clandestine funds) and amnestq for i:~e cap3tal from the "other
economy:'
Lopez and Ruiz devised and gave figures on a"black foreign exchange balance~
comparing the illegal entry of foreign exchange (elandestine exports of drugs and
"traditional products;' and direct capital flow) with the unreco~ded outlays
(imports of contraband, capital flow and underb3111flg of i~nports); aild they _
reached the following conclusion: _
"The illegal f oreign trade transactions have reached a disturbing level in recent
years, to the point where, by 1979, the 'black balance' showed a gross total of
$2.4 billion."
According to the economists, a large portion of those dollars (some $550 million)
was associated, 3n 1979, with the pileup of the country's international reserves,
through ostens ible exports of services and tourism, through the Bank of the Repub-
- 1ic and from the overbilling of cotmmodity exports.
Trade Balance
The ANIF study projected the country's trade balance to 1985, finding that, even
under conditions of real devaluation, "there will be appreciable deficits which,
in the event of a nominal devaluation of 13 percent, will reach a total of $2.155
billion. In o ther words, there is an obvious tendency toward a progressive loss
of the favorable position that the external sector of the economy evinces at
_ present."
The economists examined the role that the ut~dergx�ound economy will play in the
~ near future, without anticipating the current crisis, and studied several options,
for example: continuizg to recognize the function of that eeonomy implicitly, and
not uoing anything; legalizing narihuana, or grantir~g amnesty to the clandestine
capital, yet without such legalization. They made no explicit recommendations.
They did make this statement: "A first conclusion that might be drawn from a three-
fold comparison is that, in a situation of legalization or amnesty, not only would
there be very small deficits in comparison with those that would result .from a
situation of 'not doing anything; but also the devaluation could take place at a
slower rate, and it, in turn, wauld reduce the inflation rate."
The major conc lusion of Ruiz and Lopez was: The external sector w~.].1 necessarily
' have to depend on the underground economy during the years to come. ~Therefore,
we must progress with a careful study of this point without losing sight of the
fact that the underground economy is a fundamental pivot on which the foundation
of the external sector of the economy rests."
The Price Cut ,
When the head of ANIF, Ernesto Samper Pizano, was asked about the possible causes
that exerted p ressure f~r a cut in prices, he said that the f3.rst one might lie
in the phenomenon of abundance.
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Samper Pizano began by saying: "In the United States, there are several states
already produEing, such as Oregon, Alaska, California and Hawaii, and it would
appear that about $300 miili:on worth was exported last year.
"California is 6 pereent self-suffieient, with a tendency toward an increase,
owing to the household crops; and minimal production is a~lowed in Oregon and
Alaska."
Samper noted: "~Generally speaking, the United States is producing 20 percent of
its consumption."
He remarked that, in the case of Colomb~.a, there may be a phenomenon of over-
production, because not only is there production i.n ~~ajira, Atlantieo, Magdalena
and Cesar, but also in Meta, the National Territories, Magdalena Medio and Uraba,
and some in the coffee-growing areas.
He said that, in Magdalena, there are es~imates indicating that marihuana may be
plantedover an area of between. 1,500 and 2,000 hectares; and that in this region
there are less expenditures for tips and bribes.
He said that the suppression on the coast serned to extend the crops to other sec-
tions of the country, and when the ph~nomenon reached Meta, for e~ample, the Depart- _
mental Assembly requested the legalization of marihuana.
He commented: "Many settlers are selling their land, and we are observing the plant-
ing at lower levels, in Meta."
He added that the drop in prices ma.y also be explained by a greater control over
the volumes entering the United States, which is why there are surpluses that
cannot be sold. Another explanation may lie in the withdrawal of troop~, because
the price was directly related to ~he risk.
The fact is that prices have dropped. Will that be good or bad?
2909 ~
CSO: 5300
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BRIEFS
' COCAINE LABORATORY--Cali--A modexn, well-equipped cocaine processing laboratory
was found by the F-2 national police in a downtown home in Anserma., Valle Del Cauca
Department. Official spokesmen told Radio Sutatenza that basic paste, thinner,
~ and other chemicals used in the processing of alkaloids were found in the house.
Rafael and Antonio Ospina, leaders of the drug operation, were arrested. [PA081255
Bogota Radio Sutatenza Network in Spanish 1200 GMT 2 Feb 81]
TOLIMA MARIHUANA PLANTATION RAIDED--Girardot--Marihuana crops worth a million pesos
~ were seized by the police in Ortega, in southern Tolima. This was announced by Capt
. Julio Cesar Lozada, commander of the No 3 District, with headquarters in Espinal.
- The plantation, which measured 6 hectares, was discovered in the Mesones rural
section. On the farm known as Los Bosques, the uniformed officers ;~ucceeded in
arresting Gonzalo Reyes Moreno, aged 60; the brothers Gonzalo and Raul Yate; Eusebio ~
Capera; and Jose Lugo, aged 40, as the presumed "owners" of the crops. [Text]
[Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 17 Jan 81 Sec D p 4] 2909
~ COCAINE RAIDS NEAR PASTO--Pasto, 8 January--The F-2 dealt two severe blows to the
drug-trafficking bands oper.ating in the southern part of the nation today when
police seized 32 kilos of cocaine. The substance was valued at a little more than
100 million pesos. Nine Ecuadoreans and six Colombians were arrested. In the first
, of the raids, authorities said that S kilos of marihuana, 9 tubes of cocaine and a
' bag of coca leaves were seized at a residence in the Miraflores neighborhood of
this capital city, bearing the number 7-10. Also seized was a Col-Parker pistol
with a relayer and five cartridges. Arrested were Ecuadoreans Samuel Francisco
Ludeno Rodriguez, Maximo Florentino Castillo, Mercedes Cecilia Abrahan, Celin
Augusto Castillo, Camilo Aguirre, and Jorge Efren Aguirre Castillo; and Colombians
Maria Mercedes Pabon Acosta, Lidia Maria Pabon, Maria lsabel Pabon, Enelia Chavez
Pupiales, Francisca Arcelia Pabon and Zacarias Pabon Acosta. All were placed in ~
the custody of the appropriate authorities. [Text] [Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish
9 Jan 81 p 10-A] 8926
COCAIir'F IN META--A total of 230 kilos of cocaine was seized by detectives of the
' Administrative Department of Security (DAS) during an operation that took place in
~ the department of Meta. The action was carried out when a group of DAS officials
intercepted a 1980 twin-engine plane, Bolivian registration number CP-1639, which
contained a valuable cargo of cocaine. According to official reports, the plane
~ was located in the region of Carimagua at the El Porvenir inspection station,
j municipality of PuerLo Gaitan, in the jurisdiction of the department of Meta. More
precisely, the plane was found on the Yopare Ranch. Because the operation took
~ place during the night Monda;v, several drug traffickers managed to escape, taking _
; advantage of the darkness. DAS rural patrols in Meta have the plane in their
custody, while other groups of the same agency are attempting to capture the crew
, and occupants of the plane. This is one of the most important moves by the DAS
against drug traffickers in recent months. [Text] [Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in
; Spanish 14 Jan 81 p 10-A] 8926
CSO: 5300
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i MARIHUANA WARNING--Roseau, Dominica, Friday (CANA)--An Iranian psychiatrist
~ attached to the Princess Margaret Hospital here has warned about damage to
society unless the level of marijuana smoking in Dominica is checked. The
i warning was made by Dr H. Ta'Eed in a letter to the Minister of Health,
' Charles Maynard. The psychiatrist expressed grave concern about the damage
~ which the use of mari~uana is causing to yuung people in this country. He _
; said that afCer some 30 years of inedical work in various parts of the world he
' has found here in Dominica a level of marijuana smoking which if not checked
~ - can seriously damage the society. Dr Ta'Eed expressed conczrn about the
damage which the drug caused to the nervous system and its permanent effect on
j the brain. The doctor said "The most important damage is that the poison pene-
' trates into the inheritance cells, contaminating sperms, placenta and mothers
; milk, thus affecting the unborn child." The psychiatrist said that in the short
time he had been in Don~inica people had been regularly brought to the Psychia-
~ tric Unit suffering from the effects of marijuana. Behavior ranged from
i abnormal to openly hostile, he said. [Text] [Bridgetown ADVOCATE-NEWS in
English 3 Jan 81 p 6]
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JAMAICA
~
SEAGA POLICIES QUESTIONED AS AID TO GANJA TRADE
Kingston THE SUNDAY GLEANER in English 4 Jan 81 pp 7, 22
[Article by Margaret Morris: "Spotlight on the Ganja Trade"]
[TextJ You have to be bliiid and deaf to be unaware of
the extent of our ganja trade. And very dumb if you do
not worry about it s consequences. Before the election,
when the security forces were occ upied in keeping us
from each other`s throats, the ganja trade boomed.
Now the directive that foreign exchange can be lodged
and no questions asked has been interpreted by some as
a new green light and it continues to boom. Mr Seaga's
acknowledgement of ganja as an economic lifeline was
honest and realistic, but was it wise? Where will this
end.
It is said that the Coptic Church, a multi-million Miami based organization
which combines ganja smuggling with religion, is the largest land owner, after
the government in Jamaica.
Our annual export cro~ is esti.mated at $500 million (U,S.). The Washington
based National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws has estimated our
export potential as $5 billion annually. I don't know�where they get their
figures. I only know that around here it seems as if everybody and his dog is A
in the ganja business. There are two airstrips nearby cumbered with crashed
and captured ganja plane s. I had friends dwelling in an erstwhile tourist
vi11a whc had a terrifying experience one dark night when a plane attempted to -
' land on the patio. Another friend was kept awake by the noise of a motor boat,
~ and peeking out saw the file of man heading car;.ons down to the sea. Another
' friend was offered one million dollars if he wo uld allow some entrepreneurs to
, build an airstrip on his property.
~ Evidence Everywhere
~ Then there was the "inexplicable" murder af a nice young man; explained by an
associate as the result of an altercation with ~uppliers. And the sad little
; gi~oup of captured ganja farmers, their boots still damp and caked with good red
earth, sitting disconsolately in a police station, while their small fortune
went up in smoke outside. Everywhere you go, you encounter evidence of the ;anja
,
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- trade. And should you, facetiously, express a desire to get a piece of the -
action, the next thing you know a man is ringing you up and offering you a
crop that is ready for sale.
Researching the other day, I met a man with a fine crop of Cali, price $40.00 _
per pound. He was interesting because he confirmed information included in an
article in the November issue of "War Against Drugs," i.e. that The Coptics
- bvy from small farmers help with fines and legal aid, and loan equipment to
clear land. ("They are very nice pzople" said he) . -
"War Against Drugs" is one of the many special interest magazines that pro-
liferate in the U.S. Judging from itsradical anti-IMF bias it may be bank-
rolled by international Communists. More likely it is run by fuzzy liberals
with no financial backing at all. Which is a pity. Because in the November
issue there are enough potential libel suits to earn a lot of foreign exchange
for numerous prominent Jamaicans.
"Rasta a Cover"
In an ar.ticle, the theme of which is that the IMP' consciously manoeuvred Jamaica
into the Ganja .'~lterna~ive, the authors hurl allegations and innuendoes about
with wild abandon, and accuse, by name, int~rnational and local big shots of
dope trafficking, and worse. The a.rticle is peppered with numerous obvious
_ inaccuracies and most of it is hysterical hogwash. But it does occasionally
hit pay dirt. It does sCumblE on some truths. And the truths hurt. ~
~
For instance its assessment of Rasta as "ideological cover for the drug trade," ~
seems fair comment, and if y~u disagree ~et a copy of COPTIC TIME and read it.
And it characeeri.zes Negril as a freeport for drugs and quotes a pro-ganja lobby- '
ist as saying "Drugs are so available in that hedonist haven...that it is almost !
a nuisance factor." If you doubt that visit Negril.
Ominously, the article predicts the establishment of a Hong Kong West in Jama.ica
(international drug centre, gamgling etc controlled by international crimir.als) .
- and says "If the JLP wins, their programme ~aill be to implement the Hong Kong
Zdest plan piece by piece beginning with legalizing the parallel money marlcet
' and opening the country for the return of drug -�-_.~.:s."
With characteristic candour, Mr Seaga has admitted that our security forces
cannot control the ganja trade, and with characteristic pragmatism he has de-
clined to give a moral judgemenC on ganja, and in my view has made i.t easy for
ganja growers and trad~rs to lodge Y.heir foreign ex~hange and "launder it."
What are the implications of this policy? Are we heading towards legalization :
= of ganja? Not in the foreseeable future.
Face it : That is not our decision. The U. S. will have to legalize f irst . To
legalize will deflate prices and there are some very big boys who have a vested
interest in keeping the cost of marijuana sky high. Not to merztion a11 those
- "squares" wh~ actually oppose legalization on moral grounds. ~
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= Think nn These �
' Or are we going to be trap~ed, locked in to an international dope smuggling
network? Because that is what ganja export is. Dope smuggling. And the
hypo~.hesis that ganja smugglers are not hobbyi5ts and hairy mystics, but power-
ful, ruthless, and organized criminals, is, to say the least, worthy of
_ consideration.
Since views on the morality of ganja smoking and ganja trade are bound to be
subjective, ignore that aspect and consider only the practical hazard~ of
retaining as one of our majur industries, a criminal activity. (And a criminal
activity tliat enjoys widespread acceptance and a measure of recognition from ,
the government). Consider the facilities for illegal entry of potential guer-
rillas, contraband and arms. Consider the opportunities for corrupting sec~ir�-
ity forces and pnliticians. Considsr tnat 10,000 acres of our best agri.cultural
land is owned by a foreign company of dubious repute. And consider the diffi-
- culty of getting the econam~y organized on a rational basis while one of its major ~
p illars is illegal. For instance how do you persuade a man to plant an acre of
food crops when a few roots of "Sensimilla" ~vill net him far more money? People
who have been rnaking good money out of ganja are not going to give iL- up without
some very rough compulsion. ~
The new government's ganja "policy" therefore, is only a stop~gap. Mr Seaga has
a tiger by the tail, and he lcnows it. The troubie is tl~at tYie longer action is
deferred, the bigger the trade, and the problem of contralling it will become.
If you are among those wha object to ganja on moral or medical grounds the situa-
tion is even more ominous. The latest research confirms that ganja smoking
especially in young peoplP can have serious physical and mental consequences _
(actual brain damage is one of. them), We have heard so much baloney about
ganja being an integral part of religiony and an intagral part of our "culture"
that to criticize it is not just unfashiona~le but downright un-Jamaican. You ~
notice that none of our public figures, let alone the Jamaica Council of Churches
or the Private Sector Organization of Jamai.ca dare mention anything of the sort?
; But isn't it time we called a spade a spade? If ganja is a dangerous drug then
ganja export is dangerous drug smuggling.
We expect a lot of moral and financial support from the United States, but what
a re we offering them in return? Brain damage?
= C S0: 5300
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~
MEXICO
CONGRESSMEN GIVEN ERADICATION DEMONSZ'RATION
Mexico City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spanish 30 Nov 80 pp 1-E, 4-E
[Article by Felipe Fierro] -
[Text] Pista E1 Zorrillo, Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua (OEM)--The planting, culti-
vation, har.vesting, traffic and export of narcotics has been reduced by 97 percent _
in the state of Chihuahua.
~ Ten local deputies became acquainted with the mechanics of the permanent campaign _
against narcotics at the invitation of Antonio Quezada Fornelli, an agent of the
Federal Public Ministry.
The support of the Mexican Army is of decisive importance ir. the battle ~ga...:st
drug-producing crops and those who promote them. ~
~ The permanent campaign against narcotics is divided into 13 areas of coordination
in the country, and its activity is centered on the Western Sierra Madre mountain
range.
~
The campaign began in 1976 and is based on the development of infrastructure pro-
! grams designed to enable the peasants to engage in lawful work.
The destruction of crops was initially accomplished by cutting down the plants but
at the present time the system of aerial spraying is used with the most advanced
techniques and authorized herbicides whose ecological impact is minimal.
The Best Nonmilitary Equipment in Latin America
, The technical support of the campaign, principally in communications and aircraft,
! gives the Attorney General's Office the best nonmilitary equipment in Latin America.
i
~ Working on the destruction of the drug traffic are 90 airplanes at 16 bases, with
; 3000 f light hours per month, 130 pilots and 340 techn3.cians who maintain the equip-
; ment.
The detection of the fields is accomplished by means of an electro-optical system
� which is computerized and makes it possible to determine the exact location of
- the fields and ascertain the resulCS after the spraying.
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The network of communications includes 63 radio stations on a computerized circuit
~ and uses frequencies which permit coummunication with the Secretariats of National
Defense and of the Navy.
Fields Are Sprayed
Helicopters belonging to the Attorney General's Office sprayed several fields in
San Jose, municipality of Guadalupe y Calvo, and the operations were observed by
the state legislators.
9204
CSO: 5300
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~ POPPY FIELDS DESTROYED IN DiJRANGO BY PJF
! Mexica City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spanish 2 Dec 80 p 8-A
~ [Text] Last Friday the Federal Judicial Police [PJF], using 10 helicopters, burned
~ off 72 hectares of poppy fields in the highest part of the Durango sierra. The
! drug is worth approximately 144 million pesos, making this state the principal
' grower of the drug, displacing Sinaloa.
! Samuel Alva Leyva, second deputy attorney general of the republic, announced the
i above yesterday at noon during a conference which took place in his office.
~ The official specified that the fields are located in an area known as Las Canadas.
He explained that each hectare destroyed would have produced 10 kg of opium gum
which after laboratory processing would be converted into 1 kg of pure heroin.
Mr Alva Leyva, who is also the permanent general coordinator of antidrug trafficking _
operations, said that the greatest danger for Mexicans is the large number of persons -
, who use volatile inhalants which are easily acquired in factories and industries.
~
~ "Corroborating proof of what I am now saying," he emphasized, "will come in the
~ next generation; that is, in another 30 years when the offspring of drug addicts
; who use industrial cement, thinner, Carbona, gasoline and other inhalants, are
~ born totally defective because this drug destroys completely the neuron cells in
; :~~-the;'braia which are not replaceable," he warned.
;
! Talking about the new plans for the systematic campaign against drug trafficking
! Mr Alva Leyva said that the PGR [National Attorney General's Office] has just
~ .coinpleted two hangars for the repair of helicopters in Merida and Tuxla Gutierrez.
~ 'He'ctiricluded by saying that to date pilot plans for incineration have been carried
; `~,~1~~:Q~icaca, Veracruz, Durango, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas. Michoacan, -
' faYisco, Guerrero and Chiapas will follow shortly. _
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~ MEXICO
PGR AIR ERADICATION CAMPAIGN TN DURANGO DESCRIBED
Mexico City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spanish 2 Dec 80 pp 1-F, 4-F
' [Article from EL SOL DE DURANGO]
[Text] Durango, Durango (OEM)--Risking their lives every second, flying at a
very low altitude, but always with 2 or 3 support helicopters, pilots from the
Attorney General's Office (PGR) ~re waging a stubborn and constant fight in north-
eastern Durango against the internatiunal drug traffic.
EL SOL DE DURANGO had the opportunity to become acquainted with and observe the
operations which have been carried out daily since 25 November 1980 in the munici- ~
palities of Santiago Papasquiaro, Tepehuanes, Guanacevi, Topis and the area of
Quebradas and in which elements of the PGR really do place tk~emse].ves in danger
of being shot at from the ground by the caretakers of the large poppy fields when
they descend to an altitude of about 20 meters to spray the herbicide with which
the plant is virtually "killed" and the soil is left unharmed.
Up until last Friday, that is, 4 days after the "Pilot Plan" had been put into
effect, 100 fields had been detected. About 175 hectares have been sprayed
destroying millions of plants which were going to put millions and millions of
doll.ars--huge fortunes--into the hands of powerful gangsters; buC one should bear
in mind that Che f ight has just begun and that through additional reconnaissance
and verification flights which are being made daily, more crops are being detected,
perfectly concealed atnong corn plants and located in the r.oughest part of the
Western Slerra Madre.
The Sierra Is Full o~ Poppy Fielde
� This is the first time in the history of Duran~o that suc::: an intense battle has
been waged against the drug traffic in the crop stage and Samuel Alba Leyva, second
~ deputy national attorney general and general coordinator of the campaign against
drugs in the nation, was here in Durango to get it started. He said that the
sierra of Durango is full of poppy fields which have already been detected and .
with nine helicopters and two planes as we11 as personnel from the Federal Judicial
Police [PJF], the army, engineers, pilots, navigators, technicians, radio operators
- and plans coordinators, poppy ~:rops will be completely exterminated. As a result
some few will �ail to earn a fortune but miJ.lions of youths and adults will be I
saved from this vice.
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And so, daily, Pablo F. Morales Santalices, coordinator for Durango; Arturo Pretelin
Nova, commander of the PJF; Capt Morelos Perez Villalobos, base commander for
Durango; Mario Tirso Maldonado, chief of the metropolitan unit of the PGR; and
deputy chief Antonio. Barrales A., coordinate the operational plans to be carried
nut during the following 24 hours.
, Dangerous Work With Much Action
The personnel of the PJF, the army navigators, pilots and sprayers leave the Durango
airport every day aboard the bimotor plane La Guajolota and Bell 212 and 206 heli-
copters to fight the drug traffic regardless of the winter cold, which has pre-
maturely made itself felt, or the bad weather in the mountains; they have an order
and it has to be carried out. They make a landing in Santiago Papaquiaro where, at
the 10 de Abril headquarters, they are joined by the rest of the helicopters. The
persorinel who will carry out the spraying are assigned and protection is provided
for them. ~
Thus with a plan that is carefully worked out as to the responsibility of each one
of them, .:hey fly out over the magnificent sierra in the heart of which are fields,
large and small, of poppies (green gold, as it is called).
There indeed the pilot risks his life, not only with the anguishing expectation
that a sniper might hit the plane and send it down, but also when he maneuvers
in and out of the gigantic pines and deep ravines, flying the plane so as barely
to avoid danger. These are seconds which become an eternity, but nevertheless up
~ to now the results have all been positive for a sprayed field has been left behind.
The cperation is repeated once or twice more in order to assure its success and
~ then they fly once more up to the heights to detect with eagle eyes the next field.
! The 206 helicopter drops down almost to the ground and almost to zero speed while
2 others give him protection from the air against the possibility that one of the
caretakers might come out of a grove of trees or a field and shoot. This has not
happened during this first week, since the sierra has been "combed" and most of
them have fled. As Major Pretelin says: They have checked us out and they know
w~hat we are going to do and so by the time the planes arrive they have already
taken refuge in some cave or have gone back home.
Every spraying operation lasts 3 or 4 hours and at the one at which EL SOL DE �
DURANGO was present they located 17 fields--mostly small--which within seconds
were treated with herbicide and were practically eradicated. Our experience was
unforgettable. Of course it had its risks, but we were witnesses of how the
- National Attorney General's Office is carrying on this battle, which as we said
earlier is an intense one because Durango is considered to be the state which is
most heavily planted with poppies.
So this is the battle to eradicate poppies which starts every day at 0700 hours
and ends 11 or 12 hours later; tiring but exciting fox every one who takes part
it~ i t .
Then lengthy reports must be submitted to the National Attorney General's Office
on what has been accomplished. It is necessary to exchange ideas and become
54
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acquainted with the plans which earlier, whil~ the flights were in progress, were -
being worked out here in the city, on thz basis of photogrammetric maps, and were
caYefully revised time and time again by Morales Santalices, general coordinator;
Major Pretelin Nova; C. P. Perez Villalobos; and engineer Tirso Ma.ldonado. There
must be no mistake, since a mistake could be fatal, and that is why up to now the
operation has been completely successful.
~
, Y~ ~ ~ ~ .
- - ~ .ac" .+4:~ ~ i t: �
" J?' ~.~ry 'SR..`~~ E. a h
-sz '~i~'. ;
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~
y~.~, ~i:. ~ 7'' w..r ~ .
,s, ,~w , '~~I ~ ~ I~ L; ~ ~ ~r
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_ ' ~~"~k..~ ~ ir~y � ~ ~
_ _�e
~
Pilots of the National Attorney General's Office are waging a stubborn and constant
battle against the international drug traffic. They risk their lives since their
enemies shoot at them from below.
9204
CSO: 5300
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~
MEXICO
THAI HEROIN TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED BY PJF AGENTS
Mexico City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spanish 9 Dec 80 p 8-A
[Excerpts] The day before yesterday agents of the PJF arrested two Thai who had
brought to Mexico 1.5 kg of 96 percent pure heroin whose approximate value is 130
~ million pesos. ~
Arphichai Long Kul and Thavan Komayandola brought the drug from the "Golden
Triangle"--a guerrilla area bordering on Laos, Thailand and Burma--on a trip
through which the worldwide drug trafficking ring was attempting to estab lish a
new route to the United States following this route: Thailand, France, Mexico and
Brownsville.
Javier Coello Trejo, an official of the F'ederal Public Ministry for Special Affairs,
- explained at the PGR [Regional Attorney General] office located at 81 Soto Street,
' Colonia Guerrero, that this investigation started when the central agency of
, Interpol (International Police) advised its agent in this country, Ma3 Florentino
' Ventura Gutierrez, who also commands the PJF Special Group, that two Thais would
arrive in this country with a large shipment of heroin.
Major Ventura Gutierrez, who was present, stated that after he received that noti-
fication, he detected a Thai who had arrived in this country on 26 November and
had immediately taken lodging at the Hotel Versalles. The next day the other
arrived and installed himself in the Hotel Prince.
' Both started to move around our country so as to make anyone in doubt believe that
the reason for their visit was really tourism but they already had been identified
in advance as triffickers.
Mr Coello anci Major Ventura agreed in pointing out that heroin processed illegally
in our country is about 2 percent pure, and that is why the Thai drug is much more _
, expensive than the Mexican.
i
~ Ventura Gutierrez explained that heroia sold in the United States is 1 perce~it
pure so if the seized heroin is 96 percent pure it follaws that the traff ickers
in the United States would cut it with other powders 95 times.
~ 56
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~ ~ u`^
f`~ -
~ t , ~ ~ ~
~ ~ R^T ' ~ .
_ ~ r ~
~ ~ ,
~ ~~M~
~ ~
~w' y ~~~i~ ,
K'~ ~ a~'
_`~t
~
_ ~.~`~y~~.'P + ~~j~r~:*1f~~~~1,',r~~;
!A t
' t.. l~~t t~~~~t~�J�~~1 : A .
~ , ~
~ i r, ~y ~ ~
~ l~~
K ( , ~ j~`~',,~~~i~~l~p :
~ ~ { 1 ~ Y )
lli~v,~.`~r~ , i~i i'Y~~/~-~ n'~ ~
t;tij" .
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These two Thai made a long trip with a shipment of 130 million pesos worth of
heroin which they had hidden in the false bottom of this briefcase. Unfortunately ~
for them, Interpol contacts in Mexico were forewarned and arrested them in a
luxury hotel in Mexico City.
9204
CSO: 5300
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MEXICO
BRIEFS
COCAINE SEIZED IN TAPACHULA--Pure cocaine valued at more than 100 million pesos
and coming from Bolivia was seized yesterday by agents of the Federal Judicial
Police [PJFJ at the international alrport at Tapachula, Chiapas, where, in addi-
tion, Medardo Cuellar Chavez, who was attempting to bring the drug into the Federal
District in plastic bags attached to his body, was arrested. The arrest of Medardo
Cuellar took place when he was about to board a plane for Mexico City where he was
to turn over the drug to someone who was to meet him at the airport. The cocaine,
98 percent pu~e, was acquired by Medardo Cuellar in his own country, Bolivia, from
- a person who, we were assured, has been fully identified and is being sought by
the Bolivian authorities to answer the charges made against him. The PJF is also
continuing its investigations so as to arrest the person who was to pick up the
, drug at the international airport in Mexico City. The judicial authorities presume
, that the drug trafficker took a plane from Bolivia to Guatemala, and then proceeded -
to Chiapas by highway and from there was to fly to Mexico City. The PJF placed
Medardo Cuellar and the cocaine at the disposal of the Public Ministry. He is
i charged with drug transportation, possession and trafficking. [Text] [Mexico City
i EXCELSIOR in Spanish 12 Dec 80 p 36-A] 9204
~ - - _ _ - _ . .
~ _ . . . . .
'VERACRUZ MARIHUANA--Mexico, 3 Feb (AFP)--Following a tip-off, police found a
~ marihuana plantation with 2.16 million plants at Rancho Viejo, Veracruz, 400 km -
- southeast of Mexico City. There wa~ an armed clash and two drug traffickers were
killed. According to press releases, the Mexican Army will destroy the plantation
today. [PA081255 Paris AFP in Spanish 1818 GMT 3 Feb 81]
, CSO: 5300
;
,
~
-i
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- ~8
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I FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
i
;
_ AFGHANISTAN
~ BRIEFS
SOVIET HASHISH USE--The Red Army staff is concerned by the rising use of hashish
by units stationed in Afghanistan. The Soviet soldiers garrisoned in Kabul are _
buying drugs at low prices on the black market in Kabul. The Soviet generals fear
the same results as afflicted the U.S. Arnry during the war in Vietnam. [TextJ
[Paris VALEURS ACTUELLES in French 2 Feb 81 p 15]
CSO: 5300
~
i
i
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zxarr -
RECENT ANTI-NARCOTICS MEASURES NOTED -
Fourteen Heroin Smugglers Sentenced
Tehran KEYHAN in Persian 10 Dec 80 p 1
[Text) Tabriz--PARS N~,'W5 SERVICE--By order of the anti-narcotics courts, 14 heroin
and opium smug~lers were sentenced to life imprisornnent, and 14 others were
- sentenced to 2 to 12 years in prison.
� Through the efforts of off icials of the anti-narcotics campaign staff in the Khoy
city region [Shahrestan], 28 opium and heroin smugglers were arres ted and moved to
Tehran's Qasr prison.
; A spokesman for the Khoy city regl.on revolutionary guards, while affirming this
~ piece of news, announced: After triaY in the special court under th.e supervision
~ of Ayatollah Khalkhali, these people were sentenced to prison terms and to life
imprisonment. .
! The names of those sentenced to life imprisonment are as follows:
I
, Mohammed Ali Nayebi, Roqiyeh'Alilu, Allah Verdi Pakdaman, Seyfollah Iranpur, Ali
' Akbar Eftekhari, Mohammad Delbari, Qardash`ali Mostafazadeh, Hosseyn Qorbani,
! Haydar 'Ali Hassan3, Ne'mat Shirinzadeh, Iavaz `Alilu, Habib Dizch i Asal, Esma'il
~ Tala'i, and Mahbub 'Alilu.
' Mohammad Taqi Hnsseynzadeh, Dara Ba'iri, Banu Pirvani Moradkhani and Moradkhani
were given 8-year pr3son terms. Ebrahim Ebrahimpur Asal, Mirhashem Seyyed Hosseyni,
~ and Hassan Na'imi Habibi were given 6-year prison terms. Soleyman Khosrovi
; received a 2-year prison sentence. Eshq'ali Hosseynlu, Jalal Sadr, 'Abbas'ali
~ Vosuqi and Hassan Eskandari xeceived 12-year prison terms. Hashem Rasi received a
4-year prison term. Nosrat Baqeri received a 5-year prison term.
i
The spokesman added: After sentencing, the convicts were transferred to prisons
in Tabriz, Urmia, and Khoy.
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Seventy Kilos of Opium Seized
Tehran KEYHAN in Persian 21 Dec $0 p 3
jText] KEYHAN Municipal Service--In an extensive campaign, the revolutionary guards -
_ of staff 3 area 1"i seized 5C kilograms of opi~m and opium residue from 9 people of
the k'f?omeyn city region [Shahrestanj.
Thz revolu*ion2ry guaxds of staff 3 area ZI were successful in arresting nine sus-
pects: Reza Mirza'~, Bayer Nirza'i, 'Azizi, Manuchehx, Haji Gholam, Taqi Alvandi,
- Avrangi, Amlr Hosseyr~lteza'i and Sali.mi. 'It~entq kilograms of opium, an additional
30 kilograms of opium and 20 ki].ograms of opium resldue which were stashed in three
earthenware croclcs, along with 9 opiwn pipes and a balance scale were discovered.
The guards of staff 3 also aYrested ttaQ members of a aang of car thieves. So far
they nave also recovered tw~ of tLte stolen automobiles.
Several of the arrested smuggler_s nad pr.eviaus records. The relevant files and the
captured smugg2ers were tuxne~i over to Qasr prison today.
The muni.cipal rorrespcriclent wrote i~~ hl.s report: 'I'he guards of staff 3 area 11,
while submitting a petition to KEYHAN, announced ~their support of Hojjatoleslam -
Khalkhali, and asked �or his return azzd that of the anti-narcotics smuggling and
the antl-addiction campaign.
= Tvns of Narco~ics 3urried
- Tehran KEXHAN in Persian 7 Jar. 81 p 3
[Text] K.~~'XHAN Municipal Service----`Iescerday at the headquarters of the Islamic
Fedayeen, and the ~resence of ~iojjatoleslam Sadeq Ylialichali, a representative of the
Rev~~utzonary Courts, and foreig~ and domestic reporters, rnore than 3,170 kilograms
of heroin and hash~.sh caexe burned and 20,280 kilograms of opium and its burnt resi-
due were delivered to the ?'epresentative of the Revolutionary Courts.
These substances were a part of ihe ma~~zials seized during the tenure of Hojjatoles-
lam Sheykn Sadel Khalkhali as chi~f of the speci~.', ~~^r^c~~cs courts.
- KEYH~.N's correspondent, concsrning the subs~tances burned ~i::d destroyed yesterday, -
wrote:
'~he b urned narcotics included 2840.9 kilograms of.~ha^hisn and 435 kilograms of
heroin.
� During the burning of these narcotics, the smoke rising from them into the air
r_aused a number of peopl.e to became dizzy, sornewhat intoxicated, and nauseated as
a re~ult of accidental ~.nhal.ation of the fumes. One reporter became s~ ill that
he went to a h~spital on his w2y back to the newspapex office.
- Among the smuggled narr..otics turned Gv~z to the courts were 264 kilograms of burnt
op~um residue and `1.~,116 kilograms of opium. -
9310
CSO: 5500
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IItAN
BRIEFS
NARCOTICS SEIZED--The Shiraz antidrug squad has seized 400 grams of heroin, 540
_ grams of hashish, 1 sidearm and 96 cartridges from 7 Afghans during the past week.
[GF121820 Shiraz Domestic Service in Pera3an 1530 GMT 12 Feb 81]
- CSO: 5300
~
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LEBANON
~ r1t~~IHUANA GROWI.NG IN BA' LABAK REGION
g Beirut A.L-NIDA' in Arabic 28 Sep 80 p 5
[Artf.cle: "State Encourage~ Tribal-Feudal Relationshi~s By Establishment of
'An Official Agency; ' Dealing and Smuggling N:anopolized by the Big Men and the
Small Businessman is the Vi.ctim"~
_ [Excerpts] The growing ~f marijuana is an important sign of the aggravating
crisis of the structure of the financial clique in Lebanon and a study of its takes ~
on major importance to eliminate some af the misconceptions about it and to
demonstrate the extent to which the capitalist investment approach enters into
it, ac~ompanying the state's actions and"superficial" reforms and benefiting from
the declining economic and social conditions of the areas where it is grown, . -
bringing the worst repercussions to the small farmers.
We will compile some information about this evil piant, in the endeavor to shed srnne
light and clarification in the �orm of observations, and close with an expasiti.on
of radical solutions for solving ~his problem in the broader interests of the
' downtrodden classes of people (workers, farm workers, farmers and those of low
income).
In any event, this expo3ition is not~hing mare than a reconnaissance whic:~ can be
expanded in scope arid altered to arrive at a sufficient and full understanding of
the issue.
I A Historical View
- It is believed that Cannabis Indica entered the area via Damascus merchants in
the 20's and uaed to be smuggled to Egyp t through Syria, Amman, the Negev and �
Sinai. l~os.t of tY~~ dealexs wexe Syx~ans or men from Zahle, However, it witnessed
a iqajox expa,nsion in tha 5Q's and ~ig capi.talists took over growing,, processing
and s~iuggl~ng i.~. Fox ~Iij,s puxpose, they set up a complex netGtork o� middle~en,
dealexs and s~qugglers, a1l t~ad in witI~ them. Tfie smuggling route by sea also
#'loux~Site.d a�tex tha estahl~sfiment of the Zionist entity in 1948.
Mari.juana: T.n~ox~mati.on About It
; Tft~ seeds axe ca~.led "Qunbuz." Tha b~st soil for raising it is red (dakilah) soil
and the cliz~ate of Ba'labak su~ts it. There are the Ba'I.iyah and Marwiyah types
and ~ze set fort~i the 3ifferences between them in tfie following table:
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,
TYP~. o~ ~'~.anting ~,1T4~'~1~ya~i a1~Maxtiriyah
Aate. o~ ~~,a,nti.r?g T~ax'ch. June
~ Yield pex dunum Sa-Z00 k31os, green 300 kilos, green
S'e,ed~n:g 1,Q00 grams 500-1,000 grams
Cutti.ng After `Ayd al-Salib After `Ayd al-Salib
I~ength o~ tfi.e Plant 30 centimeters 100-150 centimeters
Despite tfi~s, al-Ba'liya~ marijuana is the best type.
1 Mari~uana is male ~we~ded aut b~fore cutting and after pollination) and female
(the plant that cax~.ries the see.ds and "~he merchandise").
Gre.en marijuana is cut, dxied a.nd moved to storerooms. Then, a month later the
,job begins of processing i.t bet~veen: Zahrah, Kabsl~~ah, Thalitha.h, Ra-bi' ah, Taban,
Qadban and QunT~uz.
" Dealj:ng-Smuggling
The sma.21 farme~cs are forcad to sell mari--uana f~r fear of retribution and because
of their h.eavy accumulated debts; some middlesized and large farmers process it.
Then con~es the role of the dealers who resort to various methods to fleece the
far~uers and to 3mpose th.e~x pri.ca on them. ,
DurinQ th.e smuggling opera~ion th.exe ?s cooperation with the security and customs
korces ~.n xetuxn for "pay-offs."
The smuggling is accomplished by vezy modPrn ner~hods and taking part in it are
' many high�-ranking personages, particularly from the big political fiefdoms
represented in the Chamber_ of Deputies as parL of ~he benefits it receives in
_ ~participating in assuming power on b~half of the bourgeois class.
'~he big stuugglezs ~.ntentior_ally 2Slgclg@ in collusion with the security men to hand
over tha small sm~.g~ler who "k~asn� t iu,ade th.e payoff." in oru~r to maintain face
and ~o ~acill..tate bigge~; smuggling operations.
pespi.te. the di~�i.cult~es o~ ~eliver,ing ~.t, mari.~uana _s sold at unheard of prices
~i tFa,a Euxopean caunt~ies a~d ~he. Un;i_ted State~ and th~se, countries are an
i~portan.~ ~a.xket iY. ~.aa~t~4n to ~gfpt, paxticularly si.nce given the widespread
crists o~ capital.ismr "ti~e bourgao~si.e resorts to nourishi.ng tfie spirit of.
tndi~ridual xebell~on an.d �ol].y and encourag~.ng add:tction to dri~gs and alcohol,
dealing in se~ and eve~y~th~ng that tirS11 dive.rt tI~.e atte.ntion of people from the
iSSties o� tRe~r d~i1y li..~e." ~repox~: o~ t~e central, con~mittee to the fourth congress
th,e T,el~anese Co~aun~sc Party~~ .
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Th,e ~State_'s koli~y~ i.n tb,e ~'~eJ.d o~ Com,t~at~:Cng '~iaxi,juatLa
An ant~.-~rt~u~na laGr w~s pa~sed ix~ 3'une 1946 bu~ has not b~en effectively enfor.ced
~t ~~qosesuting ~,~anerse add~cts. U~~i,cia7, s~at~sti.cs shour that fxom 3,000 to
1Q'.,QQ(7 Itilogra~s of max~,jua,na have Heen sei~ed pPr year. TFie state`s policy has
been. ma,rked by~ di:sregard o~ ttle. real r~ason far tlie problem ~the bad social situa--
t~.or~. and lly~ concern flor tPte ~aterests of tI~e big merchants and landlords.
- To confirm our statement, We would cite wtiar goes on it the. operation of destroying
the crop since tT~e bi,g landloxds and merchar~ts, in agre2ment with the gendarmerie,
_ tuxn to destroy~ng tl~.e maxi~uana o~ poor farmers and organi.zing official reporrs
on tha.t Ear two reasons:
To des.troy a portion o� the crop Y~hich will ra.ise the price of ths res~ and
in.crease the pxofits of the capital,ists.
To save ~ace and to feign tfiat ~:fie ~tate`s actions are in ear~est.
T[~.en tfi.e ~ig landloxd~ pay the gendarmerie to destroy t[~eir crops during tha time
- ~or cut~ing marijuana and the state th.ereby '~punishes" them by cutting their
nqarijuana ~or ~re2, saving the w2ges of wor.kers.
This example confirms that the actions of. the financial clique are not in earnest
and are in fiarmony with the interests of those whom they represent. A committee
was formed in 1966 to xeplaca the growing of mari~uana with useful crops
(particularly sunflowers) and this step could have been a start for reforming
the situation had it had encouragement from the state (seeds, fertilizer,
ha.rvesters and disposal) and an interest in improving irrigation projects,
paxticularly since this at one fell swoop would relieve the small farmers from
Xear and a possible deterioration of thie�r coaditions~
" Ho~rever, after about 2 years, the state began to dawdle and delay in accepting
ttle crops (.as was the case with the tobacco farmers in the ~outh) and this
caused tfi.e project to proceed hesitantly before it had gotten a good foothold.
Wi.th regard to tobacco, planting of it remained on the fringes of the areas
planted to marijuana.
TIie Segments of Population Employed in Growin~ Marijuana and Their Status
_ In the ~ixst category axe:
, 1. Th,e sma11 farmex. His di.f~i.cult circumstances have forced him to take the
xisk si,nce he ~aces t~,~ro choa,ces: e.ither hp contents I~mself with a life in
uth~ch. he. ~ust get~ along, or h.e �aces cons.tant and totaI. desolation.
It is~ in fii:s i~teres t to atroid such plantings ~f he only fiad the necessary help
and sui~able agr~Lculture,
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2.. '.~he. bio ~a~~qex'. ~'o1~,q~~;n~ the co~.lapse of the ~eudal relationships that ~rere
izq~e.~sed in pe,~ct,i,~on, t;u.i~ns to ~x~loitizig Y~.i~ ].and ~,ii, yaxious ~ra.ys and
coopexating ~'th, tfie. gende,riqexi:e. a~d e.~,ploy~e.es o~ tfi~. establi:shment i.n return
~o~ pay~~ an i~~,~grti~~.,can,~ poxt~,`~n. o~ Ti~.a pz~oPiCs, ~t ~s in fi3.s interest to
~on,t.~ue t3~g existi`ng situa~~,bn.. Ke mar have "sA.are~-croppersK wFiom he forces
ta s~? l. Ptizn tP~e crop at 1oFr px~~ces ~nd wi~om Ize rules.
= 3. Tf~e sntal.l dealer. 1~los~t sma11 dealers are engaged in most of the forbidden
txades, arms (individually~~, mazi~juana, sm~:ggling foreign tobacco.. Most groups
are, subject to pexse.cut~on, daztger and prison and to the collusion between the
state and the Big dealers.
4. The Btg dealers. They have �tcompanies'= that at times cantrol the means of -
processtng and marketing and tha sea routes. Tbey rely on modern methods and
quick prof~t. "Their i~eads are sa~e." They ha.ve their own press and imprints
~or '~tfi.e.~r goods."
They have their own approaches to fleece people and play games with prices.
S. The processor. He buys tfie crop green and then processes, presses and sells
it. The l~ig dea.l,er u~.y at th~ same tim~ be a processor. The processors are an
~ntexmediate class tfiat at ti.mes may get ~~ealth.y or go completely under because
o~ bad mercfi,andise or ttle plots or the big dealers or financiers.
06servations and Clax'if ications
1. Many methods are used in smuggling: Trucks with double bottoms, ships which
are met by small boats from the shore after they leave the port of Beirut,
suitcases, automobile f~:ames, tires, trunks and ].ights, special vests and shoes, _
women's vests and corsets, souvenirs, postal parcels, diplomatic bags and auto- -
_ mobiles of deputies and security commanders and some clerics and politicians and
even airplanes al-Tayyibah ai.rporz.
2. Smuggling to Egypt dec:Lined after the 1952 revolution but flourished following
the al-Sadat "opendoor" policy.
3. During a debate in the ~hamber of Deputias, a 3en>>ry irom aa'abak said, "You
have bee.n discussing for 2 years how to improve the Beirut airport and we
estatilish.ed an airport i.n 1 day."
4. Ma.xi;juana :t,s an internationally bam.~.ed crop but interast in it is increasing
in th~e capi~tal~st soci,eties c~~ch are experiencing a G*_rangling crisis and
i,de.ologa~cal and soci.a,l ~x'agzuentat~on.
5. Marijuana i,s smoked with to6a~co (x'ocket~ and i.n Egypt is put on the narghile.
6. Qil of HasIusFi is extx'acted ~xom marijuana and _s extremely expensive.
7. W~.thi,n a very~ l~mited scope, opium (imported from Turkey~ is grown in some
village,s of ~a' 1abalc-1`lount Lebanon.
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8. Tk~e. pe.ople o~ tk~e, a~e.a axe, no~ add~,cted ~o max~ju2tna ~ox social, economic
and zqoral ~e,aSons, eazce,~~ ia ~xcep~ioz~1 c~cwoqstau,ces and im a fec~ v311ages,
~ a~~,~ Q~ ~Fi~t~ ttai,v~~ F~~ca~qe, ~'p0~r$et 'x~4x d~sp4sa~ o~ tb~, pxoduction'~ -
a~te.x t~e ~v~se~;#~ o~ ~ ~as~c3~t caac~.r ,r.~xe.
q. ~fie. ~ar~n~xs �ee1 ~Ra~ gro~t~ri`~;g ~az~~~usna, ~,s ~Ti.eir ~tay of making a Iiving given
th~. ~egle.ct Bx tP~e stat~, pa.r.ticular.ly s~nc~ it has o~Pered no alternatives,
1Q.. One ~:~gn tfiat the pattern o~ capitalist exploitation has entered the growing
o~ zqari~uana ~s ~Re mode~n metfiods of e.xploi.tation and trade. The big dealer
toy~s w~tTi tfi.e n~rves arzd ~ate of th,e sn1al,1 farmers and processors; he sends out
dea.lers to proced~ Fiim w~.o asser~ tha~ the merchandise is poor and he indirectly
zqa,kes tfis~ats about ~Ple stat~ and ~atploits tfie poor situation o� the small farmers
an,d tTie.ir n~.ed f or money ~n imposing lo~,r prices .
11. The 60's saw some relative slackening in the growing of marijuana but it is
still going on.
12. The.re are no official figuxes about the growing of mari~uana.
13. T�~e, state's policy has bee.n. deeply involved in this area, has been in line
~ with tIle intexests of tfi,e monopolies and has generated additional conf.licts.
14. Zt should be noted that Lebanon's representative at the anti-n.arcotics
offi.ce of the Arab L2ague signed one recomniendation "with a reservation."
15. One way in which the dealers cooperate with Customs is for Customs to set
up checkpoi.nts at plac~s where the smugglers are not moving and for the goods
to be replaced witfi 1Qwer quality goods in the event of seizure.
16. Pierre al-Jumayyil can baast of the ability of 'Lebanese dealers in smuggling
despite th.e effoxts of Intexpal and some of them cooperate wirh Maf ias. It
should be noted that tiiree smugglers were arrested in a foreign country and they
- said tfiat th.ey were Phalangist "fighters" and were working "�or the war effort."
17. The post-war period witnessed specif ic changes in this field which require
independent tzeatmant and we wi11 get back to theme
Appropriate Solutions
Th,e apprapriate radical solution to eliminate the growing of mar.ijuans requires
a change ~n th.e e.~i.st~ng stxucture of pxoduction relationshi~s and in the policy
- o� the state as a c~mpleme.nt to th,is in ordex to eliminate the cause of the
i pxqhle~, not play~a~.zig at "eli.suinating the, symptoms." Based on our exposition and
~ th~ bxoadex i.ntexe.sCs o~ tIZe 'labor~,ng segments of the population, and in the
, ligI~t o~ th,e agr~cultural grogxaua of the Lebanese Communist Party, "the vanguard
~orce ~n tlte stx'uggZe ~o realize the demands and objectives of tfie toilers of
tT~e rural axeas," (in additi,on ~:o the national~st and progressive forces) , we
pxopo~a tf~e �011,o~rTt~ Taases ~ox a genuine, iogical and scientific solution of the
~~+oble~:
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1,. ~rose.cu~ing tJ;~e. hig l~ndloxd~ ~nd de.~le,xs ~h.~ are. ~n,ve.,sti,ng the~r property
and ulon~n i~. ~~qc~:np F~a,x~u~,i~a C~t ~1~~Y` P1~Y'~ axouud ~i~r.~tli. pxosecuting the
sma1.7. ~4ug$le~ a~d a~~re.~tu~exL si.~u~ r.b.+~r .~.ave,~t~uent cQUS~t~.tute.s the bases for
agg~l~,y~a~init o~ ~ p~roBl~.
2. H~].pixtg the s~ma11 ~ax~e~sp Fri~ose decl~,ning econom~c c~'u:cumstances have iorced
- tfi.etu to tuxn to grow~i~ng mztxijuana, :Cn vax~.ous c,raps to improve their material
and econo~ic status ~n orde:~ to el.iyninate tite real cause of the problem and to
prompt tRem to grow- usefut crops.
3. Employing tfi.e media to raise awareness and give agricultural. guidance and
e.ducat~an gnd al~ex~ing ~he neHr generation to the dangers of drugs by various
means (xadio, telev~ision, the press, publications, etc.).
4. Replacxng tl~e gr,o~t~ng of ~narijuana. wLtfi useful crops (sunflowers, corn, etc.)
thzough. institutions liberated from thP influence of landowners and capitalists
- and i.'undamentally direc~ed toward small and medium size farmers and through
~qplanting agricultural gu~danee offices in the villages that would take an
interest in studX~ng ~he soi1, see~s and proper planting, provide fertilizer
~ and plants, bu~~crops at encouraging prices and provide various types of material
and ~ode1 assistance.
5. Radi.cal agrarian reform in issues of ownership and land and prevailing laws
tio iznprove t~.e condition.s of small and medium size farmers and put a stop to
spontai-~eous and ^haotic development in agriculture.
6. Working to expand areas of use of modern agricultural methods, machinery,
etc.
7. Implementing irri~ation proj ects to use the resources of the al-Ba'liyah land
~the a1-'Asi-Wadi Ra'Xan-al-Yamunah project) and drilling artesian wells in
villag~s lacking spri.ngs .
8. Ma.king social security and health insurance for farmers general.
9. Estalbishing a national fund for insuring agricultural crops and an agricultural
loan ~und.
10.. Providing th.e necessax'y conditi.ons for launching the cooperative movement
in. the. rux'aJ, axeas .
11. Irqpos~:x~g gxaduated ta~es on propexty, e~einpting :~ma11 and medium size
�'a~e,~;s .~ro~q i.t.
12. Impxovin.g he.a.ltY~, l:Lvin.g, soc~.al, educati.onal, etc. conditions in the rural
areas and pravid~ng a genui,ne dewocxatic cliznate.
13 . Re.c7,a~zning extensi.v~e.I}r avai.~ able land in tI~e great plain, the hi11s, and
ttie, z~ounta3;ns; ezaploy~a~n,g ~ex~i.Z.~.zers and agr~cultural drugs and reinforcing
sc~es~t~~~:c ~esearch..
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14. Fncouxagi~ng an~a,~, xe&c.~urces.
15. Ifipxoving ~ean,s ta d~spose o~ pxoducts.
Tt ma,y~appeax tfiat we hav~ stxayed from the matter at hand but our insistence
on study3ng tA,e real roots o~ tl~.e proble~t prompts us to propose this solution
wfiicFi dea,ls witF~ roofi causes, not ~ust an ineffectual superficial look from the
~erspective of tfi.e interests of capitalism and monopoly.
Sources and References
1. THE AGRTCULTURAL ISSUE TN LEBANON IN LTGHT OF MARXISM, publications of the
LeBanese Cotmnunist Party~.
2. TI~ GROWING OF MAR~JUANA TN THE BA'LABAK-MOUNT LEBANON AREA AND ITS ECONOMIC
AI~ID SOCTAL EFFECT, Hani al Mawla, Institute of Social Sciences.
_ 3. T~ LEBANESE COI~1[JNIST PARTY FROM ITS DOCUMENTS 97 parts.
4. AL-TARTQ, Volume 1979.
5. Mahdi 'Amil, PERSPECTTVE ON SOCIAL PRACTICES, A STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF THE -
CIVIL WAR TN LEBANON, Dar al-Farabi.
6 . Live i.nterviews .
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FRANCE
BRIEFS
DRUGS HEAD MARSEILLES' CRIME--Marseilles, 20 Jan--City police chief Jean-Pierre
, Sangui said today that his main major crime problem was still the drug traffic,
mainly heroin smuggled in from the Far East by "human ants." He said that smug-
glers, with the patience and stamina of ants, illegally brought in refined heroin
in tiny amounts of a few grammes up to packets of one kilo (2.2 pounds). He said
: the smashing of the "French connection" in the early '70s had led to a marked
lessening of the heroin trade in Europe until 1977, when it started soaring up-
wards again. He said, in his annual report, that in 1980, 314 dealers had been
arrested in this Mediterranean city, the hub of drug trafficking since the '3(~s,
and its environs, compared to 278 in 1979. None of the dealers were themselves
addicts. He said that the number of deaths from drug overdose, a sure barometer
' of their general usage, had fallen from 18 in 1979 to 14 last year. He admitted
that laboratories illegally making heroin were always operated by Marseilles
technicians, as they were the only ones capable of turning out the pure white
powder vital for the huge ~lmerican market. [Text] [Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S
DAILY in English 22 Jan 81 p 7]
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i
NO~WAX
OFFTCTAL: NORWAX M~GN~T k'OR ~NTERNATZONAL DRUG GANGS
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 8 Jan 81 p 56
[Article by Elisabeth Engesland: "Norway A,ttractive Narcotics Market; Increasing
Number of Narcvtics Users"]
[Text] The narcotics problem is without doubt the most serious health problem we
' are faced with at the beginning of 1981. 'We do not only have an increasing number
of heavily impaired abusers and 3 frig'rctening number of deaths as the result of
' abuse, but we are also faced with a steadily growing number of younger drug abusers.
Norway has now become a very attractive market for the international narcotics gangs,
said Health Director Torb~~rn Mork at his press conf.erence yesterday.
Although there is an increased use of harder drugs such as heroin, it is the use of
~ hashish and mari~uana which is today's big,+~,est problem. The development gives �
grounds for serious concern, not least by reason of signs of recent times that drugs
are on the point of becoming more socially accepted in the lower class of the popu-
lation, said the health director.
The increase in the circulation of hashish has been significant in recent years and,
~ according to studies the State Institute for Alcohol Research has made of the use of ~
~ such substances by the youth of Oslo, about 20 percent of youths between 15 and 21
have used hashish one or more times. ?'n 1968 this figure was about f ive percent.
In a memorandum submitted by the Central Council for Narcotics Problems it was em-
phasized that clinical experiences from many parts of the world indicate that ex-
tensive abuse can lead to lung cancer, can have a destructive effect on reproductive
ability, can affect the functioning o~ the brain and can reduce resistance to in-
' fec~ion.
; The central council is strictly ap~osed to any lib exalization when it is a question
; of ~uch substances. The council belieYes that it can have a positive preventive
effect to e~ph~size that soclety xegards the use of these substances so seriously
; that the cri~ina,1 justice system wi11 be used to preyent it, A,ny loosening of en-
- ~orcement practices against importers ~nd othex disseminators ulust there~ore not
take place.
"Efforts against the growing social acceptance and the increasing abuse of hashish
must taYe place over a broad spectrum and it is important that the police and
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customs service constantly make thei,r woxk more e~~i.cient and that this produces
xesults," said Mork. But at the sau~e t~,me a stzong e~~oxt t~ust be made to reduce
the demand and to thwart ~urther soc~.a1 acceptance, pxi~marily by ~,tuproving the
social milieus wh~re narcotics problems oPten arise.
Mork regrets the gxowing tendency toward the disclaiming of responsibility by vari-
ous government depaztments. Drug abusers are often kicked ~rom one department to _
the other. Therefore to the very highest degree thexe is need for the mobilization
of responsibility on the part o~ the entire population at all levels of the local
milieu. The consumption o~ habit-~orming sedatives during 1980 ahowed a reduction
of a good 17 percent, said the health director. The tightened control of prescrip-
tion practices by physicians has also shawn positive results. The figure has cer-
tainly increased insofar as the number of physicians who are voluntarily signing -
away their right to prescribe habit-forming medicines is concerned. The figure in
1980 was 10, versus six in 1979 and two in 1978. This does not mean that physicians
have become more generous, but rather signifie~ the tightened control and tightened
practices of the ~Iealth Directorate, the health director said.
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Noliw~X
COMMUNE I~MBERS ARREST~D; TRAFk~ZCKED TN' DR~1GS 2 YEARS"~ '
Oslo AFTENPOS~EN in Norwegian 7 Jan 81, g 20
[Article by Helge S~rensen: "Nineteen Arrested to Da~e; Seyen Gxams of Hashish
Led Police to Large Confiscation"]
_ [Text] The conf iscation of seven grams of hashish was the dixect xeason that the
narcotics police in Oslo in co~peration with police in Asker and Ba,erum were able
Friday night to strike at a commune in an o1d wooden vi11a on Gam1e Dra~ensvei
in Baerum. Tn the vi11a the police ~ound about 20 kg of hashish and about 1.3
million kroner in cash.
' For the time being 19 people have been arrested and 14 0~ them have been taken into
' custody and charged according to the so-called profesaionals paragraph in the
criminal code. All of those arreated ax~e in their ?0's, including ~everal girls
~ and a West German citizen.
The chie� of the narcotics police in Oslo, Police Inspector Arne Huuse, tells
AFTENPOSTEN that it was a unit from the narcotics police's so-called disturbance
patrol which received the f irst information regarding the gang and which essentially
, contributed to the uncovering.
A tip that the open sale of hashish was taking place at a place outside of down-
town Oslo led to the arrest and search of a 24-year-old young man. The police
~ found seven grams of hashish on him. Information on the seller of this batch put
the police on the trail to an apartment in Baerum not far from the vi11a on Gamle
Drammensvei. About three kilograms of hashish were found here.
' "Information on this confiscation together w~ith information we already had made it
; possible for action against the commune in the villa to begin relatively quickly
a~ter the distuxbance patrol detectives gave us the ~irst tip," said Huuse. Dis-
turbance patxols axe units within the naxcotics sectivn which seek out places and
' milieus were naxcotics are used and so~d.
~ Police Inspectox Huuse says that a nu~qbex o~ designated peo~le are still b eing
' ' searched for by the police. Under que~tion axe both Norwegian and ~oreign citizens,
, who have tak~n part in tra.�fickin~ in and selling drugs. In the meantime Huuse does
~ not want to say whether the police are now plRnning on having the head ~en in the
; gang arrested, but say~ that the poZice have a good deal o~ data to work with,
i
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and he is r_ounting on a xapid dev~elopmez~t in co~nectio~l wi.zh th~ uncpyexing a,f
this gang, which ~,s pxoba,b7.y or~1y ane o~ iva,~ty zn o~exat'ior~ in the Noxwe$~:an ~.~,J.ega~.
narcotics iqa,xket.
According to Huuse the 5ale o~ narcotics ~rotq the cozq~une has been oxganized ~or
almast two yeaxs, and in ~ust the two days that police staqed at the villa several -
people were arxested. They came to buy hashish. The police suppose that the
confiscated batch makes up only a s~ma11 part o~ the total amount of narcotics which
the gang has consumed and sold on the Norwegian raarket.
It is also certain that membP~s of the commune have grown hashish plants at the
several-thousand-metex'-square site in Baerum, and they probably have sold about
a kilogram o.~ maxij uana from their awn garden.
One reason that to begin with some doubt prevailed regarding the size of the oon-
fiscated bafich of hashish was that a large plastic bag which the police believed.
contained over six kilograms of h~.shish proved to be over a half million kroner in
cash. The bills, which consisted of 100-kroner and 1000-kroner bills, were wrapped
together with black tape and place in the plastic bag.
The ma~ority o.f the confiscated batch of hashsish and money was found in a separate
building on che grounds, but was in addition spread around in the large vi11a, in-
cluding in cook�Le jars9 boxes, plastic bags and rucksacks.
Pigsty
There is nothing to indicate that it was only the selling of and dealing in hash
which took place at the old wooden villa. When AFTENPOSTEN visited the commune it
looked almost like a pl~sty, with garbage, empty bottles, dirt and dust spread over
everything in the villa, The entire environment bore the mark of the fact that
it was narcotics users who Zived there.
To the question of tiow such a hashish gang can operate right in the middle of Baerum
for over two years without anyone having suspected that something illegal was going
on, Aslcer and Baerum Police Station Police Inspector Arnstein QSverkil answered,
"I suppose the reason that this has been able to take place for so long a cime is
that hashish and other cannabis substances have gradually become accepted among
youth and the use of these substances is no longe-: ~.~~erpreted as anything crimi-
nal."
According to what AFTENFOSTEN has learned, heroin or other stronger narcotics were
not ta be .found in the villa.
With this 20-ki~.ogx'aru con~iscarion in ~3aex~usn the pol.ice on othex days o~ the year
havE taken only ~.6 kilograms o,f hashish 1,es.s ~han a11 last year, zn the last few
months Che narGOtics po].ice have had a stagge~tng catch o~ naxcotics. This ~all
2.6 kilogra~s o~ hexoin we;re con~i:scared in two sepaxate inskances, as one exaznp~.e~
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Almost P,lways ~roke
"We r+~re alway~s a~lused at the ~act that the co~tune~s me~qbexs wexe So ba,d7.y o.f~.
They often counted out 10-~re pieces tn oxde~ to hape enough ~ox ~he dai~.y paper
and they always behaved nicely," says Robert Herbert, the u~nager of'a gas station
right near the commune .
~ He relates that the employees of the gas station last sumwer suspected that members
of the com~une dealt in narcotics when thep heard that one ~f them, a foreigner, _
had been stopped by customs at Svinesund with 150,000 kroner. ~his man, who is to
have receive4 a 20,000-kroner ~ine ~ox currency smuggling, is among those ir.volved
whom the police are now hunting Pot.
The police inspector confirms that a search was undertaken in the vi11a in Baerum
in connection with a specific case last sumcner wlthout narcotics having been found.
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CSO: 5300
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� SWEDEN -
3
POLICE CHIEF' S BGvK. DISCUSSES B.ATTLE AGAINST ~RUGS,
Urges New Metho ds, Equipment
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Jan 81 p 7
_ [Text ] The right to use h~.dden microphones~--Increased :Lnternational cooperation
--Better information regarding Che ha~~ful effects---Less stringent bank laws.
These are some af the proposals as to how the chief of police in Stockholm, Hans
Holmer, would comUat narcotics crimes. He makes these proposals, which have been
suggested for several yaars by different people, iY~ a recently publ3shed book,
"The Narc~tics Problem-A Different Police Report" (Tidens Publislxers)
Narcotics are really one of the big curses of our time. I~fy intentlon with the
_ .~k is to widen the debate, says Hans Holmer, who has been on leave from h3s
; pos~t~.on as chief of police to study the narcotics problem in The Netherlands and
West ~~ermany among other places.
~ We cannot wait and see any longer., There is n.o ideal solution aro und the corner.
A number of unpleasant ciecis~ons must be ~nacie now.
= Desire Still There
According to Holmer, there are only 3, QOG "heavyt' narcotics abusers in Stockholm,
primarily of heroin which has obtained in recent years a real foothold in Sweden.
'I'he entry of heroin is a result, in laxge p~ri:, of the poor availability of
amphetamines as a result ~f several Dutch and German laborator~es being put out '
~ of business. But rhe aesire for amphetamines remains in the market. T'he number
of heavv abusers is, conseq;iently, expected to incr2ase greatly when the new
"amphetamine facto~ies" in the couritries ~round the Mediterranean, especially
France,; begin to ge ~ access to the market .
"The narcotics problem is noC only a poliee matter. Our e.fforts can solve only a
little portion. But to do that, we must have more resaurces," Hands Holmer says. _
- Certain ti-iings which are re~ardad as noraal jn a society of law should ~e put =
aside,
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"Just as we today have the righ~ to tap telephones, we must have the right to use,
- witti j udicial approval, hidden microphones .
"The police should not b~ runninG on the stree~s nabbing abusers. We have to get
to the dealers and the gangs ben rnd the narcotics smuggling, and we can only do
that through inc-reased ~iir~~pean coap~~r.ation---a centrai police organization some-
wher~ �lii Eurape rahl.c~1~ in ~?n ~f f~c ~iv~? nc>17bu~t~ai~c~t~t~.c, would c~rlleet ac~d t~ndly~e
a11 inrormation and keep the aiatha ri~les in the different countries up-to-date on
developments.
"But as lono as the ~oesterr_ coun~~~es involved do not have the same attitude
towards narcotics, the people w~io are involved in supplying have a big advantage."
A very important step in international cooperatior~ would be, according to Hans
Holmer, a change in the banking ~ aws so banks would have to contact the police in
regard to different kinds of large monetary ~ransactions. _
Inrernatioizal Gangs Largely Responsible
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLDET in S~.aed-ish 15 Jan 81 p 6
[Text ] The misuse of narcot-~cs ~t n STa~de~ is, i.o a large negree, being pushed by
international gan~s which delib erately and without scruples are torcing narcotics
on Sweden. Hanc Iiolmer, the ch3.ef of police in Stockholm, maintains this in a
book on narcotics, entitled, "An~ ~her Kind o.fl?o1~ce Report."
"Here at home one sometimes gets the impression that the narcotics problem involves
only bad social conditions, acc~ ss to and lack of care, compulsion and '
noncompulsion, and Hassela or no t Hass2la~" (The successful collective for young
narcotic addicts, SVENSK.A DAGSLADET notej .
Bi~t police chief Holmer maintair_s tiha.c ~_hp fate oL m,~ny Swedish addicts is decidpd _
by geople with interests which b ear no relation to the Swedish narcotics debat~�.
- T~ cope with the interna~.ional narcotics trade is Fiactically completely ~ matter ,
of police work, particul.arly in ~ernatinnal coopera~tion among different countries .
Interpol Sluggish
~ TY:c police chie~ suogests the estabZishment of a westsrn European narcotics center
which could gather, evaluat~ and diss~uinate infor~nation, anc~ in part lead the
work. Interpo"1 is Loo big--~oo slu~gish. i:nterpol is no~ a practica~ functioning
field organization,---and also for the r_oope:ating c~untr:~?s to provide policemen
for the common impo.rL�ant tasks .
"Foreigners and foreign ini.erests are pushing narcotics on S~aeden. Previously it
- was Dutchmen, Hungarians, Chir.ese azid Greeks, Now it is Turk.s, To be sure,
Swedes are involved, but they a r~ further down the line," Hans Holmer says. After
having been a country w~.th ir_s own ill~gal opium cultivation, Turkey has now
become to play a lead:tng role ~n the prorluction and smuggling of heroin into
Western Europe and the Ltnit~d Sr~ates, based on opium f rom "the Golden Crescent"
Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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T'he volume also contains a frightening survey on the extent of the heroin industry
in Turkey and western Europe. Dozens of heroin laboratories have been found.by '
the Turkish police. One confiscation involved 8 kilograms of heroin and 500
- kilograms of chemical substances for maktng heroin. In two other situations 14
kilograms heroin were confiscated in each.
- The police have also found laboratories in northern Italy, Sicily and southern
France. One old castle proved to be a veritable heroin factory: a large cunfisca-
tion was made and 20 people arrested. In the first half of "1980, 95 percent of
the heroin seized by western European police was produced in "the Gc~lden Cresent,"
85 percent of the heroin coming in western Europe is brough~ in by Turks.
Sweden a Pawn
Hans Holmer has been on leave this fall from his job as police chief in Stockholm
and has studied the narcotics problem from the big western Europe perspective. He
- acknowledges the mot~!.ve fcir this tndirectly--the wlzole book creates a picture of
Sweden as a pawn but a prof itable one in the Continental narcotics game.
His controversial book, which is No 1,1981, in Tidens' debate series, c.ontains a
very serious warning: the struggle betweEn the heroin pxoducers in the Far ~ast,
"the Golden Triangle" and "~he Golden Crescent" has not seriously started. There
could be approaching a contest in which the narcot3.cs pressure could increase
greatly, and gangs would compete to increase their markets by sharpl.y cutting
prices.
Kills More Than Traffic
Holmer is strongly crirical of the current debata con~erning voluntariness vs
compulsion. He shows ~hat the ntunber of narcotics victims is greater than traff ic
victims, but does not qciestion the necesstty for narcotics abusers voluntarily
cooperating in the necessary, long-range process of being rehabilitated back into
society. But he contends zhere ar.e r.ot resources for that.
The failure of criminal treatment is also noted, by means of shocking and sometimes
frightening scenes, among other things. It does not meet the minimum requirements
in fighting narcotics, Social workers, who can er~ter into the picture when the
_ police have arrested a disrumpled abuser are not on duty 24 hours of the day, and
the police's method consists in calmiag down the obstreperous individual at the
- station and then releasing him.
~ The Hassela collective gets high marks but he questions how adequate it is. To day
we need hundreds of Hassela collectives.
6893
CSO: 53Q0
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SWEDEN
POLICE, SOCIAL WORKERS REPORT MORE HASHISH I~T SCHOOLS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 8 Nov 80 p 5
1 [Text] The use of hashish among Stockholm'~s youth is on the rise, so -
say the police and social woricers. However, school nurses have not
noticed any changes recently. They claim that hash is neither used nor
sold in the school ilself. This happens outside of school during off-
school hours. School officials have questioned all of the nurses in a '
new study.
Ten of the 78 school nurses claim that hash is smoked in the school
vicinity; 66 of the 78 school nurses claizn abuse of the drug has neither
increased nor decreased during the last 2 months. Five of them feel
misuse has increased, seven feel it has d2creased.
Accordi~ig to police re~orts an.d social workers, the use of hash
increased in 1980 after having decreased towards the end of the 1970's.
A school inquiry in 1978 stxowed that about 20 percent of all 15-year-
- olds had tried hash once; 6 percent has smolced it regularly.
"It is auit~ clear that tl:e use of hash has increa.sed dur.ing 198Q," says
_ school doctor Lars Cenerud. "I~ is very serious. But the kids are not
smolcing hash in school, but rather outside of school in their spare
time." Many schools havz been singled out as "hash centers," which is
comp_letely wrong, says Cene.rud. Cenerud has two explanations for the
inc~ease in the use of hashish: One, the intensive campaign against
alcohol has been exploited in such a way as to tempt some into
accepting hash as a better and safer.a~ternatiYe~"but rash is dangerous,"
Cenerud maintains. Two, the liberal attitudes towards hash have been
brought to Sweden. "Marijuana, which is smolced in the United States, con~ "
sists basically of the same substance as hashish, but is four to ~ive times
weaker," C~nerud continues. "For this reason smuggling marijuana is
"bulkier", and therefore it is not brought into the Swedish market."
9396
CSO: 5300
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SWEDEN
SUPREME COURT ORDERS LIFETIME EXPULSION FOR DRUG SMUGGLER
- Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 7 vov 80 p 8
[Article by Claes von Hofsten]
[Text] "This decision is very, very not~worthy," comments counselor-at-
law Sven Vikbladh after the Supreme Court on Thursday ordered lifetime
expulsion for a man who has lived in Sweden for ten years and has had
permanent employment for 6 years. The man who was sentenced Thursday
is one of the minor figures in a large dope ring. The district court
' had only sentenced the man to a 1 year and 3 month's prison term
- for serious drug violations and not expulsion as the prosecutor had
demanded.
The Supreme Court changed the decision to a 1 year prison term and
lifetime expulsion. The same decision was handed down to another man
, who was also indicted; he had lived in Swedeii for 8 years. Both
had been sentenced on separate occasions to about 1 year prison terms
for drug violations. �
Freedom Abused
"Immigrants who get involved in drug handling seriously abuse the
freedom sho,wn to them in our country, the court writes, and furthermore
since there is the possibility of further criminal activity there is a
special reason for expelling them even though they have been a long time
in Sweden." The decision of the court was, however, not unaminous.
Counselor Sven Vikbladh, Malmo, who def ended one of the men, explained
; on Thursday that he will appeal the decision. This client explair~ed
that he faces a military ~ribunal if he is sent home to Morocco, which he
left in 1969 in order to avoid military service.
~ _
The drug ring in question has dealt in more than 100 kilo cannabis, 200
' kilo marijuana, 0.5 kilo cocaine and 60 grams of heroine. The leaders
of the drug ring, Robert Walton and Milton Bullock, were sentenced to
eight and seven years' prison terms respectively plus lif etime expulsion, _
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as determined by the Supreme Court. M~reover, four men were sentenced to
4 months to 4 years in pr ison.
Reduced Sentence
On the other hand, the Supreme Court reduced the sentences for four
women who were involved. ('ne of the women had her sentence reduced from
2 years to 3 months even though she was found guilty of having
smuggled money out of the country to Denmark for drug purchases in
Denmark, and for having sold 2 kilos of caniiabis.
The other three women, who were couriers for the drug ring, had their
sentences reduced to between 1 and 1 1/2 years prison terms.
One of the women, a prostitute cosmetologist, was so ruthlessly used by
ringleader Milton Bullock, that the court decided there was an overridl.ng -
reason not to sentence her. The Supreme Court's intention was, however,
' to show that her of.fense was serious enough to keep the court from
avoiding a prison sentence. Nevertheless, she got off with a 1 year
minimum prison term.
9396
CSO: 5300
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SWEDEN
BRIEFS
ARRESTED FOR COCAINE SMUGGLING--A 20 year oJd youth from Stockholm
has been arrested in Helsingborg. On 10 Octobef he tried to smuggle a
shipment of cocaine into the country at Helsingborg. He was travelling
by train and customs found a number of bags containing a total of 110
grams of cocaine, the value of which rises to not less than 110,000
Kronor. The young man under arrest, who will be indicted soon, claims
he was recruited by an unknown person in Copenhagen to smuggle the
shipment in for later deli~=ery in Stockholm. He was to receive 10,000
Kronor compensation. [Text] [Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in ~wedish
31 Oct 80 p 4] 9396
CSO: 5300
;
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;
SWITZERL~fI~TD
CONSIDERABLE INCREASE IN CONSUMPTTON OF HARD DRUGS
Zurich NEUE ZUERCHER ZEITUNG in German 7 Jan 81 p 19
(Article by U.M.: "Significant Increase in Tendency Toward 'Hard' Drugs"]
[Text] Bern, 5 January--The report by the Coordination and
Information Agency for Drugs of the Federal Office for
Health Affairs, which was concluded at the end o= November
~ 1980 and published on Monday, is showing a significant in-
~ crease in the tendency taward drug consumption when it comes
to marihuana, heroin and LSD; the us e of hashish oil,
morphine and amphetamines, however, is on the decline.
Hashish is at the top of the list, showing the largest
' quantity of consumed drugs, followed by hero in, marihuana,
LSD, hashish oil, morphine, cocaine and amphetamines.
, Narcotics traffic increased also wi th respect to marihuana,
LSD and particularly heroin.
; 7,045 Citations
The Narcotics Law is placing an extemely strict control on opiates (opium, morphine,
heroin), cocaine, cannabis products (hashish and marihuana), hallucinogens (LSD,
mescaline, psilocybine) and amphetamines (stimulants) . Tdhoever praduces, processes,
trades or markets these drugs in any way, commits a criminal offence. Even mere
consumption is punishable by law, although minor cases are not prosecuted.
The statistics that were published on Monday refer to the year of 1979. They in-
dicate that altogether 7,045 persons were ci L ed in Switzerland for violations of
the Narcotics Law. It represents an increas e of 11.8 percent over 1978 or 21
percent more than the 1977 figure.
Four Times as Many Men as Women
~ Of those 7,045 persons who became police sta t istics, 353 or 5 percent were cited
~ for dealing, 4,365 or 62 percent for consump t ion and 2,277 or 33 percent for dealing
, and consumption. Altogether, the number of inen who were cited was four times as
high as for women. At 45.4 percent, the proportion of backsliders remained
arproximately the same. The ratio between the Swiss and foreigiiers (arour.d 5 to 1)
is showing a significant rate of increase, particu].arly with regard to dealing.
83
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The largest rate of increase, considexing a11 citations, is evident in the age
group of 26- to 40-year-olds (from 880 to 1,132). Nevertheless, L-he largest
numb er of registered citations, 5,805, is sti11 in the age group of 15- to 25-
year-olds.
20 Percent Increase in Deattis
When ~en and women are co~npared with res~ect to the consumption and dealing of drugs,
it becomes apparent that citations for the consumption of marihuana, LSD and heroin
has increased faster among ~en than am~ng ~aomen. Particularly noticeable among
men of a]_1 ages is the sharp increase of those who are smoking marihuana. Further-
more, there has been a signif icant rise in the consumption of heroin among men and
women in the 26- to 1?0-year age group (the increase for men is 65 percent, for
women :~l percent). ;"`~p number of drug-related deaths reachad 102, an increase of -
20 percent. On the other hand, burglaries of doctors` offices and pl~armacies
~ declined.
Earlier Use of Drugs
The stati5tics that are c~ntained in the report of the Coordination Agency are
certainly not representative of the total behavior of consumption on the drug scene,
because they only list those acts that led to police citations but omit unreported
figures, whi.ch according to estimates are very high. Nevertheless, they permit
certain conclusions concerning tt-~e most important focal points and tendencies. The
increase in the abuse c~f various drugs, including alcahol and medication, continued
among young people. A general trend toward earlier drug use is noticeable.
Espec~_ally worrisome is the big increase in heroin trade and const:mption and the
criminality connected wit-h it. More than 100 deaths, most of them the result of
an overdose, are only pointing to the tip of the iceberg.
Measures by Federation
The Federation sees its farem~st task in the f ight against drug abuse in the area
of coordination, infor.mation and documentation as we11 as in research promotion.
Educ~tional, preventative anri therapeut:Lc measures, on the other hand, are the
responsibilities af the cantvns. By ad~pting a corresponding parliamentary
init;iative, r.he Federatian also obligated itself to participate in the general and
advanced traininQ oi experts in drug assistance wirh{*+ t-he framework of a special-
izecl school for ~xug abuse. In the process, ~heore~.ical and practical training
opportunities will be activated a11 over Switzerland; they will be coordinared and
prepar~d in cnncept. A drug concept for all of Switzerland and a drug report in
the hands of the Bundesrat--boch are being p�repared by a work group of the Federal _
Narcotics Cozmnission---are to ~resent fuxther informat~an about possible preventa~
tive and tiherapeutic measures as well.
8997.
CSO: 53U0 END _
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