JPRS ID: 9408 USSR REPORT CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 115
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 28
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
~ :
~ ' ' ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ' " ~ ' S~"~ ""i .
~ ~~~~~~+~'ti i 3 3~3~3 ~~3 33~i~r;
' i ~ ' ~ ' ' 3 S S S ~ 3 : 3 ~ ~ ' 3' 7 ~ i ~ ~ ' .
s~l3~'+~ ~fl1!# t ~ ?_f~L #~F : . ~ ~

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFIC[AL C'SE OtiLY
JPRS L/~408
_ 24 November 1980 ~
U S~R Re ort
p
CYBERNETfCS, COMPUTERS AND
AI~TOMATION TECHNOIOGY -
CFOUO 17/803
FBIS FOREIGN B~iOADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
- NOTE
JPRS publications ccntain information primariiy fr~m foreign
' newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
' transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
- sources are translated; those frors English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
- other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indi.cator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phoneticaily or transliterated are
_ enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
- original but have been supplied as appropriate in cor.text.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item origina.te with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
= The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OW~IERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
_ OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE OATLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/9408
24 November 1980
USSR REPOR~' ~
CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION 'IECHNOLOGY -
(FOUO 17/80)
- CONTENTS
t~xnwaxE ~ -
Optical Data Processing 1 _
:,dvantages of Newly Developed Optical Electronic Memory Unit........ ~S ~
Pro:~edure for Synthesis of Asynchronous Programmed Logical Matrix
Automata 17
Stability of Flat Magnetic Domains 20
Promising Peripheral Magnetic Disk Memories for Mini-Computers...... 22 -
Analog-Digital Complex for Planning Discrete Systems of Program -
Control .................e......................................... 29 -
Analog-Digital Converter With Galvanic Separation of Measuring
- Circuits 31 ~
_ The YeS 1015 Electronic Computer 33
The SM-52 Electronic Computer 39
The YeS 1010 M Electronic Computer 41
~ The YeS 1011 Electronic Computer 46 -
- Principles of the Creation of Large Automated Control Systems....... 50
- New USSR Standard for Punched Computer Tape 65
- a- [III - USSR - 21.C S&T FOUO]
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
- sor~wax~
L,ist of Soviet Articles Dealing With Algoritt~.ms and Programs........ 66
More Sovi~t Articlss on Algorithms and Programs 72
'Nonius' Language for Input and Editing of Graphic Information...... 78
Convex Block Programming in Hybrid Computer Systems 79
~
Uses for Program Optimization 81
y APPLICAT_TONS
' Standards of Time Consumption and Fees for Services of Computer
- Centers 87
~ Special Rules for Delivery of Computer Equipment Reviewed........... 9U
_ Analysis of Experience Gained in Research and Development of ASU i
for the Number Two 0lrygen Converter Shop of the Western Siberian
Metallurgical Plant ..................o............................ 93
Adaptive Control System for Pipe Rolling Plant With Automated Mill.. 95
~
PUBLIGATIONS
Abstracts From the .Tournal 'AUTOMATION AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY'..... 96
Abstracts From the Joumal 'TECHNICAL CYBERNETICS' 101
-b-
,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
HARDWARE
OPTICAL DATA PROCESSI1Ws
Leningrad OPTIC'HESKAYA OBR.ABaTKt~ INFORMATSIYA in Russian 1979 pp 2,3,33-
35,61,67,'7~+,85-91,92,103,1.07,116,138,143,155,163,171,i87,197,205,206
[Annotation, table of contents, and excer-~ts from book edited by S. B.
Gurevich, Order of Lenin Physico-Technical Institute i.meni A. F. Ioffe,
500 copies, 207 pages]
- [Text] Annotation
Reports presented at the Sec ond All-Unian School for Optical Data Process-
ing, held in Gor'kiy in 1978, served as the basis of the present collection.
The material of the collection is devoted to various questions oY optical
data processing: the theory oP analog coherent optical processors, the
- metho~ of processing, space-time mpdulators and applications of optical
methods to solve practical problems. Together with survey materials, the
- resu].ts of original investigations of authors are presented in the articles.
The collection gives speciali sts working in various areas of science and
technology on data processing problems t;he possibility of becoming,acquain-
ted with new achievements in the area of optical data processing.
CONTENTS Page
Krupitskiy, E. I. Principles oP the General ~ieory of Analog
_ Coherent Optical Processor s. I. 3
Nezhenenko, Ye. S. New Approach to Optical Analog Computer Equipment 35
Potaturkin, 0. I., and Khotskin, V. I. Holographic Method of Image
Depiction in Spatially Incoherent Monochromatic Light 61
Nezhenenko, Ye. S., and Potaturkin, 0. I. Nonlinear Frocessing of
Optical Signals With the PositionaZ Coding Method 67
- 1
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Pnge
Spektor, B. I., and Khotskin, V. Z. SERIES-PARAL'::~, METHOD OF
Image Analysis in a Coherent aptical Processor 7~+
Kozik, V. I., Litvintsev, V. I., Nezhevenko, Ye. S., and Khotskin,
V. I. Optico-electronic Processor for Image Recognition 85
_ Kozinchuk, V. A., and Feoktystov, A. A. Separation of Space-
Frequency Characteristics by Means of an Optico�-electronic System
of Space-frequency Spectra Discretization 92
Balabanov, A. I., Korbukov, G. Ye., Feoktistov, A. A., and Tsvetov,
Ye. R. ~feasurement of Locality Reference Point Coordinates and
Deter~neti~:n oP the Amounts of DisplacemPnt of Cloud Formstians
by :deans of an Optical Heteroc~yne Correlator 97
Balabanov, A. I.., Nikolayev, A. G., and Feokti~tov, A. A. Estimating
the Accuracy of Measurements of Coordinates of Space Photographic
Image Fra~nents 103
Auslender, A. D., Vishnyakov, G. N., Levi.n, G. G., ~nd Stepanov,
B. M. Solution of Heterogeneous Linear Integral Equations of the
Second Kind in an Qptical Processor 107
Sokolov, V. K., and Mal,yy, A. F. Coherent Optical Systems Wi.th
Feedback for Image Processing 116
Astaf'yev, V. B. Use of Optical Feedback for Image Processing and '
Solutions of Integral Equations 138
Petrov, M. P., Khomenko, A. V., MarakYionov, V. I., and Shlyagin, M�
_ G. S~u~}r of Physical Processes of Data Recording and Light
Diffraetion in Layered Structures Based on Electrooptical Crystals ~43
Kot]~yar, P. Ye., Nezhevenko, Ye. S., Op~rin, A. N., and Fel'dbush,
V. I. Differential Control2in&.:Transp~e~r3cies:for Optical 8s~a
Processing 155
Relin, V. F., and Sokolov, V. K. Transmission Characteristics o~
an X-ray Projection Microscope and Possibilities of Increasing
Its Effective Resolution 163
- Gavrilov, G. A., and Kulikovskiy, S. Yu. Optical Coherent
- Correlators Invariant Toward Input Signal Deformation 171
Konstantinov, V. B. On rumparison of the Sensitivity of Ordinary
Photographic Registration and Holography 187
G
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE OIdI,Y
Page
Petrov, V. D., and Yermanova, T. B. High-speed Photographic
Hologram Frocessing 197
Table of Contents 2~5
[Excerpts]
vnc 62i.39i.i56
PRINCIPLES OF T!~ GFNEI3AI, Tf~ORY OF ANALOG COI~REEIVT OPTICAL PROGESSORS. I.
[Article by E. I. Krupitskiy] -
[Excerpt] Annotation. In the paper an attempt is made to examine all
types of analog coherent optical processors from positions of a general
mathematical description of realized data processing algorithms.
The present, first, part of 'the Frork contains an analysis of the problem,
a selection of a method of describing the processors and a detailed exam-
_ ination of the most general properties of optical system linear operators,
including with optical feedback. Nonlinear systems are to be exam.ined in
the second part of the book.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_ 1. Carlson, F. P., and Francois, R. E. Generalized Linear Processors for ~
Coherent Optical Computers. TIIER, Vol 65, No l, pp 13-22, 1977.
2. Korbukov, G. Ye., Kulikov, V. V., and Tsvetov, Ye. R. Optical Hetero- -
dyne Method of Correlational Image Processing. In the book: Holo- -
- grafiya i obrabotka informatsii (Holography and Data Processing).
Leningrad, "Nauka," pp 51-68, 1976.
3. Kasasent, D. (USA). Coherznt Optical Converters. In the bo~k: Pro-
stranstvennyye modulyatory sveta (Spatial Light Modulators). Lenin-
grad, "Nauka," pp 18-41, 1977.
' 4. Ktarpitskiy, E. I., Sergeyenko, T. N., and Yakovlev, V. P. Optico-
acoustic radio signal spectrum analyzers. In the book: Golografiya -
i obrabotka 3nformatsii. Leningrad, "Nauka," pp 106-124, 1976.
5. Vasilenko, G. I. Golograficheskoye opoznavaniye obrazov (Holographic
Image Recognition). Moscow, "Sovetskoye radio," p 328, 1977.
6. Goodman, G. W~ Possibilities of coherent optical data processing sys-
tems. TIIER, Vol 65, No 1, pp 37-~+8, 1977.
3
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
7. Jablor~owski, D. P., and Lee, S. H. A coherent optical feedback sys-
tem far optical information processing. Appl. Phys., Vol 8, No l,
PA 51-5a, 1975.
_ 8. De Santis, P., Gori, G., Guattary, G., and Palma C. Optical syetems
wi.th feedback. Optic a Acta, Vol 23, No 7, pp 505-518, 1976.
9. Mar.kov, G. T., and. Chaplin, A. F. Vozbuzhdeniye elektroma~itnykh
voln (Excitation of Electromagnetic Waves). Mosca~w-Leningrad, "Ener-
giyP.," p 321, 1967.
10. Sherkliff, W. Polyarizovanr~yy svet (F'olarized Light). Moscow, "Mir,"
p 264, ~g65.
11. Krasnov, M. D. Integral'nyye uravneniya (Integral Equations). Moscaw,
"Nauxa", P 30~+, 1g75 �
12. Eguchi, R., and Carlson, F. Linear vector operations in coherent op-
tical data processing systems. Appl. Opt., Vol 3, No 3, pp 687-6g4,
19~0. _
13. Krupitskiy, E. I. General solution of the problem of signal discreti- '
zation. PROBLEMY PEREDACHI IlJF'ORMATSII, No 2, pp 98-103, 1.975.
1~+. Gikhonov, A. N., and Arsenin, V. Ya. Metody resheniya nekorrektnykh
zadach (Methods of Solving Incorrect Problems) . Moscc~w, "Nauka,'~
- P 224, i974. .
UDC 535�317:681.3
- NEW APPROACH TO OPTICAL ANALOG COMPUTER EQUIPMENT ~
[Article ~y Ye. S. Nezhenenko]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The principles of construction of analog optical
computers, using controlled tranaparencies as the main elements, are
examined. The main optic al feature of such machines is the use of machine
variable phase shift between two gerpendicularly polarized light waves,
arising as a r:~ult of induced birefringence, and also application of the -
_ ~rinciple of the time base of a~uminous signal. It has been shown that
in optical ana].og cc7mputers t:~e realization of arithmetic and logical
operations, nonlinear functional transformations and integro-differential
space-time operations is possible. Examples are given of a set of analog
optical computers for the solution of integral equations and equations in
partial derivatives, and also for realization of an algorithm of stochas-
tic approximation (an algorithm oP adaptatian).
4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
a
UDC 535.317.2:681.332
. HOLOGRAPHI~ METHOD OF IMAGE DEFICTION IN SPxTIALLY INCOHEPENT MON'JCHROMr'+-
Tl'C LIGH i
[Ar~icle by 0. I. Potaturkin and V. I. Khotskin]
~k:xcerpt] Annotation. A Y~~lograph.ic method of data proc~ssing baaed on
obtaining the correlation f~znct;ion of an input signal with puls~d response
of the system -to spa~ially~ coherent monochromatic light ie examined in ~
~eneral form, An estimate is made of the signsl-to-noise ratio in the
~ case ~f application of a random ph~~s~ mask, used to disrupt the spatial
coherency of the lase~ beam. It is shown that the type of output signal
does not depend on the longitudinal displacements of the holographic fil- -
ter in the case of processin6 with the use af controlled �ransparencies as
preliminary proces~ing devices.
UDC 535.317.2:681.332
' ~TONLINEAR PROCESSTNG OF OPTICAL STGNAIS WITfi ~ POSITIONAL CODIIVG METHOD -
[Article by Ye. S. Nezhevenko and 0. I. Potaturkin]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The authors examine a method of carr.ying out com- _
plex computational procedures in coherent optical syste~.s, based on a
special representation of numbers in the form of optical signals Fand on
the introduction of certain additional elements into kaown cohere::~ opti-
, cal processor circuits. In particular, the method assures realization of
nonlinear operators, used in solving tasks of image recognition, and also
entering nonlir~ear integral operations. Examples of the realization by
means of the method of some widely distribute3 operators are given. The
dimensions of the processed arrays and the computational prodiictivity of
the rnethod are estimated. The results of experimental investigations are
presented. UDC 621.39~.2 -
' SERIES-PARALLEL METHOD OF IMAGE ANALYSIS IN A COHERENT OPTICAL PROCESSOR -
[Article by B. I. Spektor and V. I. Khotskin~
[Excerpt] Annotation, A method. of ima.ge analysis in a coherent optical
processor is examined in the work. The essence of ~ze method. is tha.t a
parallel character of the ca.laulations is realized on only one spa.tial
coordinate, and the otY.er is used to make a multichannel ~omparison (for
example, sorting according to orientation or sca.le, or according to an-
other parameter necessary during the realiz~.tion of corrplex functiona,].s
- or a syntactic approa,ch to ima.ge recognition). Conducted ;heoretical and
experimental investigatians shcw tha,t applica,i~ion of the method permitss
- 1) increasing the speed of the processing system; 2) increasing the pre-
cision of calculations by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio; 3} consid-
erably expanding the range of inva,riance of -the amount of filter response
to input ima,ge displacement; 4~ applying thick-layer emulsions with great
diffract3.ve effectiversess fof hol~graph~c filters; 5) solving normaliza-
tion problems in a relatively simple manner; 6) using linear photo-
receivers. S
FOR OFFICIAZ U~E ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONZY
UDC 621.385:530.145.6:77
OPTICO-ET,~ ;,'I'??O1VIC PROCESSOR FOR IMAGE RECOGIVITION
[Article by V. I. Kozik, V. I. Litvintsov, Ye. S. Nozhevenko, and V~ I.
~
Khotskin]
[Text] Annotation. The main requirements for an optical processor for
image processing are formulated. A description is given of an opi,ico- ~
electronic processor for image recognition, and its main characteristics.
Image recognition belongs to the class of problems in the solution of
which optico-electronic processors can be used very effectively [1]. How-
ever, their wide use is restricted in practice by li.mitations flowing trom
distinctive features of optical processing methods. We will formulate the
main requirements for an optical image processor trat meets ~o a very
great degree the goal of solving practical tasks.
1. The need for effective input of images in a processor. Nonflzlfilment
of this requiremen+ sharply nsrrows the range of tasks solvable by the ;
processor, limi.ting it to the recognition of images recorded on p~ioto-
graphic mai~erial. '
~ -
2. The possibility of realization of complex algorithms for image recog-
nition. If only very simple decision functions can be calculated in a
- processor, for example, the f~znction of mutual correlation of the image
to be recognized and an etalon, such a processor will be ineffective, the
quality of recognition is low and the class of recognizable images is very
narrow.
3. The assur ance of weak sensitivity of the calculation precision in a
processor t~' phase distortions of its optical elements, the precision of
_ its ad~ustment, tuning and installation (for mobile elements). The fu1-
filment of this point is especially important vaiien the processor fluzctions
in severe conditions, for example, in the presence of vibration. In ad-
dition, it pe:mits lowering the requirement for quality of the optical
elements (and, consequently, reducing their cost), reducing the processor
dimensions and ~ncreasing its speed.
4. ~fficient input of etalons. The etalon is registered in the processor
in a holographic filter and in the case of very widespread multi-alterna- -
tive recognition a large library of filter s is required, but if the etalon
is previously unlmown and must be formed in the process of recognition,
then an inefficient filter carrier is altogether unacceptable.
The processor described below, which was created in the Institute of Auto-
mation and Electrometry, Siberian Department, USSR Acade~y of Sciences, r
was developed with consideration of the formulated requirements. Its
- 6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
. 3
4
~
5 7 e
30 6 8
' 9
' ~ 26 +o
- 29 ~
~ a
_ ~2 ~ s
3~ ~3
24 {q
tk
~ 32 15
- 2~ 22 21 20
- 6 33
- Figure 1 : ~ -
r
optical circuit is presented by Figure l. There are three channels in the -
, processor: the recording channel, the working channel and the reference
beam channel. The recording channel assures input of the image from film
30 or tube 32 on controlled transparencies 10 and 13 through optics 29,
27, 31, 25 and 12 and light dividers 26, 9 and 11. In the working channel
the image recorded on the controlled transparencies is processed and fil-
tered. The laser beam 1 is collimated by collimators 6 and 7, the spatiel
coherency of the beam is disrupted by the rotating phase mask 8 and the
spatially incoherent beam i.lluminates the plane oP controlled transparency
- 10. The controlled ~cransparencies 10 and 13 assure the prelimi.nary pro-
cessing of the image, and its Fourier transformation is pro~ected by ab-
~ective 15 on photothermoplastic filter lb. The cr~ss-corr.elation f~anc-
tion of the processed image and etalon recorded on the filter is projected
by oriective 17 on the target of the photoreadout device 33. In register-
ing tht etalon all the same operations are carried out as dvring recogni- -
tion but, besides the working channel the reference point channel is con-
nected (elements 4, 18, 19, 20 and 21~ and the photcthermoplastic unit is
transferred to the recording mode.
Let us examine in greater detail the work of separ ate units of the pro-
cessor. Controlled transparencies of the PROM type, used in the processor,
were described in detail in [2]. The image processing a].gorithms realized
on co~ztrolled trans~arencies were presented in [3]. They all are reduced _
_ to a given method of outlinirig the image to be recognized. Of special
7 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Interest is zhe realization in a partially coherent processor of the a1-
gorithm examined in The correlations derived for a coherent corre-
lator are also preserved for the partially coherent, except that the pro-
cessing 3oes not relate to amplitude ~ut to intensity, the sign being -
formed through carresponding iilclusion of the controlled transparencies
(upravlyaye~rye transparanty--UT). Let it be required for the image
~-(x,y) to recognize a certain image ~(x,y) which is given by its contour
P(x,y). We will record on TJTl the image i(x y) and on UT2 the image
~(x,y) x h(x,y), where h(x,y) = d(x2 + y2 -~~J [such an operation can be
abtained, for example, by displacement of the image on a circle with the
radius fl= 0 by means of a wedge rotating in the frequency plane of the
optical system for projection of the image ~(x,y). The etalon is execu-
ted in the form:
~~X~Y~ _ ~(s,n-~) - ~(s,n+~)
~ where [n(x,y), s(x,y)] is a coordinate system connected with the contour
P~X~Y) [6]�
Then in the processor the decision f~,inction is cal~ulated:
R~X' ~Y' ~ _ ~~~~X-X~ ~Y~Yt ~~~Y -1 ~X-X~ ~ Y'Yt ~~a�Y ;
~ ~y
where 1Ll and .(1.2 are contours equidistant from the etalon contour, remote ~
from it by the distance L1. Thus the controlling transparencies in the
partially coherent correlator assure execution of the recognition algor-
ithms realizable in a coherent system.
The rotating phase mask in a coherent channel and the filter removed with
the phase mask permit processing the image for intensity. The sensitivity
of this kind of processing to phase distortion, displacements of elements,
etc, was examined in [5], ~d we will only note that it is much lower than _
in the coherent case.
The dynamic filter of the correlator is made of photothermoplastic mater-
ial which, as is lmclwn, has high resolution, good diffractive effective-
- ness, adequate sensitivity and the possibility of long storage of recorded
information. PolyepoxylpropylCarba~ole is used as a.photocanductive 10.}ter
of photothermoplastic (PTP) material, the F~P material is heated by ~oule
heat evolved in a transpareni, eled~rode, the potential of the corona is
ti 6:c"v, and the PTP material is irradiated with incoherent light before
exposure.
The decisi~;z function is read out by television equipment consisting of a
vidicon., a video signal processing unit and a monitor. The video signal
processing unit permits maintaining high and low frequencies and removing
information by means of a cell generator (L) without loss of si~nal-to-
noise ratio. The starting information has dimensions of 625 x 625 elements
(the television standard), after the cell generator is compressed to -
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040340050028-3
I
J FOx OFFICIAL ~JSE ONLY
16 x 16 ele~ents. In th~t case the dimensions and position oP the ~ield
of cells in the region of the decieion f.l.inction can be regulated by an
operator.
~
Table 1 prespnts a diagra:n oP the complete autom~tic work cyGle of the
processor. Z~e total cycle time is 6 seconds. It can be reduced sub- -
stantially (to 1-1.5 second) if pulsed i.ma3e registration on a controlled
= transparency is introduced and the heating of the PTP material is dosed
- by the introduction of temperature feedback.
Table 1
- H 13axopoTHa 9T ~
" ~ 2CT~pahHe qT " ~ ~
A
w ~E. 3IIHreHwe Y'P ~ I (
� y�' 43xcnoa~utpn YT
~o '
N j i ~ -
_ m 53aceeTKa a~Ttl i _
6HarpeA ~TtI !
B ~E~ 7Kopoya _
M~ 83ncaoa~utcut 4~T1] ~
~ i
� 33rtopoTKe 3T ~ ~
- ~ x~ 2CrypaHhe YY N ~ ~ -
i
- ~ ~ flqTat~t~e YT ~ ' I
- og 3~cno3~u~AA YT
� CqyTdBei~i~e c JT a r-1
~ ~e o6pa6oTtca reneea-
p" 3NOHHOPO c?+rf+ana
~
Key: A- Etalon recording on UT - UT exposure
R- Filter recording on UT 5�~p material illuminatian
- C- Image recognition 6- PTP heating
- 1- UT shorting 7- Corona
2- UT erasure 8- PTP exposure
3- UT pok*ering 9- Readoff fram UT and TV
signal processing
Experirnents on the recognition of test objects were conducted on the pro-
- cessor. Shown on Figure 2 are: (a) images to be recognized and (b) the
section of the cox~relation Pield along a line passiug through the coordin-
ate of one of the objects to be recognized. The described experi.m~ent is -
illustrative. The determination of the precision characteristics oP the
processcr, the pro~ability oP reco~ition oP test ob~ects, etc, will be
~ the sub~ect of Ptiirther investigations. _
_ 9
FOB OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOB OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
~ ' ~ _ _
ti ~
C
?
_ ` > ~
~1 ~
Figure 2a Figure 2b
In conclusion we present a su~nsry of the main processor characteristics:
Wave length of readout light 6328 ~ ,
Ty~e of controlled transparencies PROM ~
A~erture of " " 30 ~n in dia
Resolution of " " 10 lines~~
Wave length of recording light ~
Processed optical signal intensity
- Focal distance of Fourier objective 6~ ~ ~
Reference point angle during hologram recording 15�
Filter size for Pri'P ma~erial 5~
Maxi,mum size oP etalon (pulsed filter) 30 mm in dia
Readout and processing of decision f~anction: vidicon
readout, Prequency pr~cessing oP video signal,
campression of information by cell generator
Time of recognition cycle oP a single imsge with
etalon recording 'r 6 seconds
' BIBLIOGRAPHY
~ 1. Vasilenko, G. I. Golograficheskoye opoznavaniye obrazo~v (Holographic
Image Recognition). Moscow, 19'j7.
2. Kotlyar, P. Ye., Nezhevenko, Ye. S., and Fel'dbush, V. I. Space-time
light modulator for image input into coherent optical systems. In
the book: Prostranstvennyye modulyatory sveta (Spatial Light Modu-
_ lators), Zeningrad, "Nauka," pp 113-118, 1977.
' 3. Kotlyar, P. Ye., Nezhevenko, Ye. S., Oparin, A. N., and Fel'dbush,
V. I. Differential controlled transparencies Por optical inPormation
processing. In the book: Opticheskaya obrabotka inPormatsii (Optical
Data Processing), Leningrad, Physico-Technical Institute, pp 155-162,
i979 � io ~
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOB OFPICIAL USE ONLY
Nezhevenko, Ye. S., and Potaturkin, 0. I. Reslization of a dis~ersion
algorithm for recognitYOn by methods of coherent optics. AVTOMETRIYA,
No 5~ PP 36-~+U, 197g.
5. Poteturkin, 0. I. Khotskin, V. I. Holographic mettiod of image pro-
cessing in spatially incoherent ~nochromatic light. In the book:
Opticheskqya obrabotka informatsii. Leningrad, Pt~ysico-Technical
- Institute, pp 61-66, 1979�
UDC 330.5:535�39
SEPARATION OF SPACE-FREQUENCY CHAR.ACTERISTICS BY M~ANS OF AN OPTICO-
ELECTRONIC SYSTEM OF SPACE-F~tEQUENCY SPECTRA DISCRETIZATION
[Article by V. A. Kozinchuk and A. A~ reoktistov]
[Excerpt] Annotation. A description is g~ven of a coherent optical sys-~
tem intended for the formation oP the space-Prequenc.v spectrum of i.mage
fragments. On the basis of ana],ysis of space-frequency spectra, space-
frequency characteristics were established which were sub~ected to com-
plex classification proces~ing by camputer.
UDC 330.5:535�39 r
ESTIMATING ~ ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENT OF COORDINATES OF SPACE PHOTO-
GRAPfiIC IMAGE FRA~MENTS
[Article by A. I. Balabanov, g. G. Niko~ayev, and A. A. ~eoktistov]
[Excerpt] Annotatiou. Within the ~ramework of a l~awn approach to sig-
nal separation on a background of additive Gaussian noises a theoretical
- analysis is made of the question of the limit~ng accuracy of ineasurement
of the coordinates of rePerence points on space photographs obtained by
scaruzing systems.
~ 535.~.~+�1~+:681.14
SOLUTION OF HETEROGENEOUS LINEAR Itr~''?'D('sR.AL EQUATIONS OF Tf~ SECOND KIPID IN
AN OPTI~AL PROCESSOR
[Article by A. D. Auslender., G. N. Vishr~yakov, G. G. Levin and B. M.
Stepanov]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The authors examine the possibility of solvi.ng
_ heterogeneous linear integral equations of the second kind in a coherent
optical processor by tT~e eppZ'rnc~n?atioii method.:. To .~ulfil an iterative
- process it is proposed to use a closed optical circuit with feedback. -
Experi.mental results are presented wh:ich confirm the possibility of creat-
ing an efficient optical processor to solve integral equations.
11
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
UDC 535.317:681..3 -
COHERENT OPTICE?L SYSTEMS WITH FEEDBACK FOR IMAGE PROCESSING
[Article by V. K. Sokolov and A. F. Malyy]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The equipment aud working principles of coherent
optical image processing systems are examined. In them optical feedback
- is used to increase the flexibility of the optical processors and expand
the circle of problems solved by them. Operations in image processing
performed by means of optical processors with feedback are analyzed.
~ v~nc 621.391.~56 -
USE 0~ OPTICAL FEEDBACK FOR IMAGE PROCESSIlVG AND SOLUTIONS OF INTF~GRAL ~
EQUATIONS
[Article by V. B. Astaf'yev]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The article examines the possibilities of equip-
ment with optical feedback for i.mage processing and the solution of in-
tegral equations. The transformation made with the optical device is
determi.ned by the kind of operator of the feedback circuit. The possi-
_ bility is shown of outlining images with a regulated parameter of outlin-
ing, synthesis of an A. N. Tikhonov filter (in particular, a Vinarov fil-
ter), and the solution of Friedholm equations o~ the second kind. To
reduce the requirements for length of coherence of the light source, a
holographic method of su~n`~ng luminous fluxes which have passed a dif-
ferent number of times through the Peedback circuit.
UDC 535.8:535.2~+1.13
STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES Or DATA RECORDING A1~ID LIGHT DIFFRACTION IN
LAYERED STRUCTUFtES BASED ON ELECTROOPTICAI, CRYSTALS
[Article by M. P. Petrov, A. V. Khomenko, V. I., Marakhonov, and V. I.
Fel'dbush] _
[Excerpt] Annotation. The characteristics oP transmission of space and
time frequencies of a new 1~}rered structure based ~~n Bi12Si020 are ~nves-
tigated. An installation for the real-time investigation of l~yered _
structures of electro-optical photoconductors is described. ~e possi-
bility of using such an installation to simulate some optical data pro-
cessing is shown.
1`L -
- FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOx OFFICIAL USE ONLY
t1DC 621, 378.9 -
DIFFERENTIAL CONTROLLED TRANSPARENCIES FOR OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING
[Article by P. Ye. Kotlyar, Ye. S. Nezhevenko, A. N. Qparin, and V. I.
Fel'dbush]
- [Excerpt] Annotation. It is shown that by means of controlled PROM
transparencies it is possible to expand the class of operations on imagEs
- performed in optical systems by including nonlinear operations in it. -
~C 535.17:681.3:778.33
- TRANSNIISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN X-RAY PROJECTION MICROSCOPE AND POSSI-
BILITIES OF II~CREASING ITS EF'F~CTIVE RESOLUTTON
[Article by V. F. Relin and V. IC. Sokolov]
[Excerpt) Annotation. Distinctive features of image formation in an -
X-rqy grojection microscope are exam:i.ned and factors li.mitiiig its reso-
lution ~re analyzed. Since the main factor worsening resolution in an
X-rqy image is the finite dimensions of the used X-radiation source, to
increase the effective resolution of X-r~y microscope~ it is proposed to
use a posteriori optical data processing directed to~ward compensation of -
the influence of the extent of the source. Analytical expressions are -
presented for the transmission characteristics of' a microscope for two
particular cases. It is concluded that it is necessary to use camplex
correcting filters.
~C 535.317
OPTICAL COHERENT CORRELAmORS INVARIANT TCJWARD INPUT SIGNAL DEFORMATIONS
[Article by G. A. Gavrilov and S. Yu. Kulikovskiy]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The article presents a survey of work on optical
coherent corre~ators inrariant toward input signal deformations. The
principles of space-dependent filtration with conversion of coordi.nates ~
- and the principles of correla~~r creation are examined. A brief analysis
oP the proposed circuits is given and their possibilities and shortcomings
are reviewed.
vnc 62i.391.822
ON COMPARISON OF THE SENSITIVITY OF ORDINARY PHOTOGRAPHIC Rr~ISTRATION
AND HOLOGRAPHY
. [Article by V. B. Konstantinov]
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOB OFFICIAL TJSE ONLY
[Excerpt] l~znotation. The sensitivity and information capacity of a
hologram are examined with consideration of noises. Ordinary photographic
registra.tion and holographic are compared. It is shawn that the assertion
- that the holographic method in some cases can be more sensitive than
ordi.nary photography is in the general case incorrect.
UDC 535
HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHIC HOLOGRAM PRO~ESSING
[Article by V. D. Petrov and T. B. Yermanova]
[Excerpt] Annotation. The specifics of processing in high-speed devel-
opers ~skorostnoy proyavitel'--SP] are examined. On the basis of the
theory of extreme experiment planning the diffractive effectiveness of
Fourier holograms registered on LOI-2 photographic plates was optimized.
- An optimized composition of the high-speed developer SP-4 was otained as
a result of the experiment.
co~txzGx~r: LnaF, 1979 ;
[4o4-2i74] ,
21.71+
cso: 1863 -
14
FOR OFPICIAL US~ ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OF~ICIAL USE ONLY
ADVANTAGES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED OPTICAL ELECTRONIC MEMORY UNIT
Minsk PROMYSHLENNOST' BELORUSSII in Russian No 7, 1980 p 74
[Article by V. Pilipovich, S. Shmatin, and A. Yesman: "Optical Elec-
tronic Storage Unit"]
[Excerpt] The high-speed memory units used in current computers have
inadequate storage capacity and are very expens ive. But the memory
units with large storage capacity are slow. The ideal memory system
would consist of just one atorage unit with high speed, large capacity,
and low spe ific cost. The capacity of such a memory unit is estimated
' at 1010-101~ bits with a data retrieval time in the 10-6 second range.
Unfortunately, building such a unit today is an extremely complex
matter.
Among the new principles investigated recently for the purpose of
solving the storage problem, the most promising are optical electronic
memory units with by-element data recording, tha t is, recording by bit
and by page (hologram). The schematic diagrams and functioning of
memory units based on these principles differ s ignificantly from one
another. The first-mentioned type uses only the directivity of a light
_ beam, while the second type of unit (holographic) uaes the coherence
of a Iaser beam and its capability of spatial modulation.
An original optical electronic device for storing large arrays has been
invented at the Institute of Electronics of the Academy of Sciences
Belorussian SSR. The holographic data recording principle is based on
a photosensitive layer that fixes an interference picture created by
two coherent waves: one reflected from the infoY-mation ob~ect (or
passing through it) and an auxiZiary, reference wave. The picture
, fixed on the photographic film, which contains c omplete information on
the wave reflected from the information object, is the hologram. When
- it is illuminated by the reference beam the image of the object is re-
produced.
= Use of this principle in an optical electronic memory unit affords
the iollowing advantages:
15
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~ 1. High density of dat~ recording because of the shortness of the
' light wave;
_ 2. The possibility of reading i.lformation in the form of arrays
(pages of 105-106 bits), which greatly increases the productivity
and data feeding speed of the computer;
3. High noise resistance, owing to the redundancy of the mechanism
of holographic recording (information about each part of the object is
recorded in the form of an interference picture on the entire surface
of the photographic plate, which makes the hologram insensitive *o
microdefects such as dust, scratches, and the llke);
4. Combining storage and logical processing functions in one unit,
which permi~ts associative data retrieval;
S. Reduction in sequirement for precision of alignment of particular
elements and the optical s~~stem of holographic devices compared to
conventional optical memory units.
- COPYRIGHT: "Promyshlennost' Belorussii," No 7, 1980
11,176
CSO: 1863
16
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 681..32:519.713
PROCEDURE FOR SYN`I~iESIS OF ASYNCHItONOUS PROGRANII~IED LOGICAL MATRIX AUTOMATA
Riga AVTOMATIKA I VYCHISI~ITEL'NAYA TEKHIVIKA in Russian No 4, 1980, pp 23,
30-31
[Article by E. A. Yakub~ytis, Ye. S. Bul', E. E. Lange, I. G. Lemberskiy,
G. F. Fritsnovich, and V. P. Chaneni{o]
[Excerpts] Programmed logical matrices (PLM) axe finding wide application
as an elementary base oP discrete structures and systems. This is explained
by such properties of them as simplicity of the circuitry and a high rate of
_ execution of logical taansformations, and also a relatively low cost, deter-
- mined by the technological level and mass product~on [1,2]. For maximum
utilization oP the natural effect it is advisable to construct synchronous
PLM discrete devices.
Examined in the present article is the synthe~is of asynchronous fini~;e
automata with ~onsideration of distinctive features of their PLM realiza-
tion, wY,ich p~sents the follawing raquirements of the logical ~tructure
of an automaton to be synthesized: 1) the structure to be synthesized must
be resistant to dangerous contests at a~T�~ini~e correlations of the delay
times of different logical elements; 2) the number of artificial delay ele-
mc;nts introcluced to eliminate contests m~ust be minimal; 3) the quality cri-
terion of the structure to be synthesized must be the PLM area (see figure
1) necessary for realization of the automatcsz to be synthesized. It is
equal to po x(2no+ mo), where po, no and o are the numbers of intermedi-
r~te, input and oktput lines respectively. On a single PLM a two-level com-
bination circuit can be realixed, one describable by the DNF system m-` mo
of Boolean ftinctions of. n~ no variables and containing p~ po members.
If tne indicated PLM param~'ters are not gi.ven, synthesis of the automaton
consists in finding a structural representation of it in the form of a DNF
system,which requires for its realization a single PLM with a minimum axea
_ or close to tfiat. If the parameters are given, however, synthesis ia re-
duced to the construction of a circuit ~r~ith s mi.nimum number of PLM or close
to it.
17
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Couclusion
The main distinctive feature of the proposed procedure is the purposef~.il
construction of the logical structure of an asynchronous automaton being
synthesized in the form of a DNF system of Boolean fluictions having the
least number or a similar su~nary number of different members vrith aubse-
quent realiza~ion of the automation to be synthesized on one PLM, executed
in the form of an ordered large-scale integrated circuit. For the case
where such a realization is not possible, it is proposed to use different _
methods of decomposing the constructed DNF system which permit curtailing
the number of PLM used to realize it.
The proposed procedure permits breaking synthesis dc~m into a number oi
successive solvable formal tasks and creating for their solution various
algorithms characterized Uy labor-intensiveness of the calculations and the
quality of the obtained results. The totality of all those algorithms
forms a basis for the creation of an autonated synthesis system which per-
mits forming from those algorithms for the solution of particular problems
various synthesis procedures and assures the effective construction of
logical structures of asynchronous PLM automata when there are limited ;
resources of ma.chine time and volume of main computer storage. ~
~
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Yakub~}rtis, E. A. Progra~ed logical automaton. AVT, 1975, No 5, ~
pp 1-6.
2. Yakubaytis, E. A, Synthesis of the structure of a programmed logical
- matrix. AVT, 1976, No 4, pp 1-10.
3, Lemberskiy, I. G., Fritsnovich, G. F., and Chapenko, V. P. Method of
synthesis of asyndhronous finite automata based on programmed logical
matrices. In the book: Mi.kroprotsessory (M3.croprocessors). Riga, .
Zinatne, 1975, pp 181-18t+.
4. Lemberskiy, I. G., Fritsnovich, G. F., and Chapenko, V. P. Coding
internal states of an asynchronous finite automaton with consideration
of its programmed logical matrix realization. AVT, 1976, No 4, pp
11-12.
5. Yakub~ytis, E. A,, Fritsnov~ch, G. F., and Chapenko, V. P. Realization
of an asynchronous finite automaton based on programmed logical matrix.
In the book: IFAK simpozium "Diskretr~yye siste~r" (IFAC Symposium on
"Discrete Systems"), Vol 2, Dresden, 1;`77, pp 170-180.
6. Yakub~ytis, E. A. Logicheskiye avtomaty i mikromoduli (Logical Auto-
mata and Nlicromodules). Riga, Zi:natne, 1975, 259 Pages.
18
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
7. Lemberskiy, T G., and F~itsnovich, G. F. Distinctive features of the
coding of internal states of an asynchronous finite automaton during
_ realization on a PLM basis. In the book: Teoriya avtomatov i yeye
prilozheniya. Sintez avtomatov s perestraivayemoy strukturoy. Tez.
dokladov N sov-bolgar. seminara (Theory of Automata and Ita Applica-
tion. Synthesis of autamata with ad,justable structure. Suuanariea of
Reports Presented at the Soviet-Bulgarian Seminar). Riga, ~inatne,
1977, PrP 41-76.
- 8. Yakub~ytis, E. A., Gobzemis, A. Yu., Petrenko, A. F., and Fritsnovich,
G. F. Synthesis of asynchronous fin~te automata. IZVESTIYA AN SSSR.
= TEKHI~TICHESKAYA KIBE'RNETIKA, 1972, No 6, pP 139-149.
9. Lange, E. E. Automa.ton mini.mization with consideration of its PLM
realization. In the book: Trudy V mezhdunarodnogo seminara "Priklad-
r~yye aspekty teorii avtomato~v::' Proceedings of the Fifth International
Seminar on "Practical Aspects of the Theory of Automata'." Vol 1. Vaxna,
1979, PP 2~+5-252.
- 10. Lemberskiy, I. G. Reduct�ion of the number of DNF members in the coding
of internal states of an asynchronous automaton based on a programmed
logical matri.x. AVT, i979, No 2~ PP 59-65�
11. Fritsnovich, G. F. Cocling oi internal states of asynchronous finite
automata with a P-code of minimum length. In the book. Teoriya kon-
echrxykh avtomatov i yeye prilozheniya, No 1, 1973, pp 23-3~+ (Riga,
~inatne).
12. Fritsnovich, G. F. On the uae of coloration of the apices of graphs in
minimization of systems of Boolean functions. In the book: Trudy III
mezhdunarodnogo seminara "Prikladr~yye aspekty teorii avtomatov, Vol 1.,
Varna, ].975, PP 193-204.
13. Hemel, A. The PLA, a different Kind of ROM. ELECTROIVIC DESIGN, 1976,
- No l, pp 78-84.
14. BuI', Ye. S. Disposition of a combined PLM circuit with consideration
of decomposition properties of switching ftiinctions. In the book:
Truc~y V mezhdunar. odnogo seminara "Prikladr~yye aspekty ~ceorii avtomatov",
Vo1 1, Varna, 1979, pp 149-158.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Zinatne", "Avtomatika i vychislitel'naya tekhnika",
19ao
[4~3-2174] .
2175
~ Cso: 1863
- 19
FOR OFFICIAI, USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ON1.Y
~ UDC 621.318
STABILITY OF FLAT MAGNETIC DOMAINS
Moscow AVTOMATIKA I TEL~~A~KA in Russian No 8, 1980 pp 151-161
/Articly by N. P. Vasil'yeva, V. S. Semenov (Moscow): "The Stability of
Flat Magnetic Domains"/
/Excerpts/ The minimum dimensions of stable flat magne-
tic domains (PNID's), ttie conditions of the change in the
dimensions and ti~e collapse of flat magnetic domains and ~
the intensities of propagation fields are determined on ~
the basis of the study of the energy ratios of the domain !
in an environment with inverse magnetization.
The research, which was aimed at the investigation and development of new
types of inemory units, which increase the efficiency of data processing
- systems, led to the development of inemory units on flat magnetic domains.
These memnry units, which are designed first of all for the peripheral de-
vices of mini- and microcomputers, in a number of countries are now going
through the stage of preparation for large-series production. They are
notable for the simplicity of the integrated technology, a potentially
low cost and high reliability, which is the rest~.lt of the use of a continu-
ous magnetic medium, which is not divided into discrete components and in
which variable controlled domains serve as the carriers of the data. The
_ medium of the flat ma.gnetic domains is a thin magnetic polycrystalline
film with monoaxial anisotropy, in which the magnetization and the axis of
light magnetization lie on the surface of the film.
When developing and producing memory units made from flat magnetic domains
it is necessary to solve a number of physical and technical problems, which
involve the determination of the minimum dimensions of the stable domains
and the finding of the critical values of the intensities of the control-
_ led fields, since these intensities determine the means of controlling the
shift of the domains and the main parameters of the memory units made from
flat magnetic domains.
The minimum dimensions of stable flat magnetic domains, the conditions of
- the change in the dimensions and the collapse of flat magnetic domains and
20
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIA,L USE ONLY
the intensities of the propagation fields are determined bElow on the basis -
of the study of the enery ratios of the domain in a medium with inverse
~ magnet~zation.
- This work is based on a new model of the charged wall of flat magnetic
- domains and is a development of works /1, 2/
Conclusion
- The ratios obtained in the work make it possible to detarmine the maximum
geometric dimensions of the individual components of a magnetic matrix
(the channels of controlled conductors and others) with allowance made for
, the parameters of the magnetic tape carrier of the data, which facilitates
the task of constructing memory units with a high information density.
Moreover, a knowledge of these ratios should be of assistance when elabor-
ating new principles of the control of flat magnetic domains, particularly .
_ when creating magnetic matric~s Frith stabilizing local magnetic fields.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Boyarchnkov, M. A.; Vasil'yeva, N. P., and Rozental', Yu. D., "Logi- _
cheskiye ustroystva na magneticheskikh sredakh s upravlyayemym dvizhe-
niyem domeno~" %Logic Devices Made From Magnetic Mediums With Con- -
trolled Motion of Domains/, "Energiya", 1978.
~ 2. Vasil'yeva, N. P., and Semenov, V. S., "Para~ters of Flat Magnetic
Domains and Structures of Memory Matrices," "Tekhnicheskiye siatemy
upravleniya i voprosy ikh nadezhnosti" /Technical Systems of Control
and Questions of Their Reliabilit~/, "PZauka", 1980, pp 91-95.
3. Middelhoek, S., "Domain Walls in Thin Ni-Fe Films," JOURNAL OF APPLIED _
PHYSICS, Vol 34, 1963, pp 1054-1059.
4. Battarel, C. P.; Morille, R., and Nori, J. P., "Flat Domain Propaga-
tion Mechanism in a Simplified Shift Register Structure With Magneto-
resistive Read-Out," I~EE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETISM, Vol MAG-13, 1977,
pp 1302-1304.
5. Baldwin, J. A., Jr., "A Method for the Measurement of Doma.in Wall
Energy Density in Thin Magnetic Films," JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS,
Vol 40, 1969, pp 432-433.
6. Spain, R. J., "Controlled Domain Tip Propagation," JOURNAL OF APPLIED r
PHYSICS, Vol 37, I966, pp 2572-2583.
7. Sanders, I. L., and Collins, A. J., "Domain-Walls Energy Measurements
- in Ni-Fe-Co Folms," JOUFcNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol 48, 1977, `
_ pp 1727-1729.
" /21-7807/
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel`stvo "Nauka", "Avtomatika i telemekhanika", 1980
7807
� CSO: 1863 21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY =
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 681.327.6
PROMISING PERIPHERAL MAGNETIC DISK MEMORIES FOR MINI-COMPUTERS
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 pp 13-15
- [Article by N. Botev, supervisor of comprehensive IVT program, B. Tsonev
and L. Yordanov (Bulg aria)]
[Text~ Computer technology (EVT) is currently expanding into various
fields of the national economy. For most cases of EVT application,
providing computer complexes with the maximally possible high-capacity i
magnetic disk memorie s is a knotty problem. !
~
The characteristics are given below of maqneti~ casse tte memories (Table ;
1) and floppy disks (Table 2) which have successfully passed combined tests
in manufacturing countries and have received classification numbers in SM
EVM and YeS EVM. These memories, however, no longer satisfy the
continuously increasing requirements of mini-computer complexes as con- -
cerns capacity, reliability and operating conditions. In this article the
authors have tried to set forth their views on magnetic disk memories (NMD)
which are promsiing for SM EVNi.
In spite of the indisputable successes achieved in the development of new
data storage devices, research shows that in the coming decade peripheral
memory devices (VZU) on moving magnetic media will retain their front-
-running position in computer technology. This is due to the possible re-
use of magnetic med ia, the lack of need to duplicate information for
- storage, the as yet unexhausted possibilities for increasing data density
and the data exchange rate, and the low cost of storage per information
bit. From Table 3[1, 2] we can see that NMD with moving heads can store -
in~ormation in a system one order less expensively than VZU using charge-
' coupled devices (PZS) and more than two orders less expensively than VZU
_ using cylindrical mag netic domains (TsMD). NMD market watchers feel that
in spite of the constant reduction in V2U costs, the current relationship
between the cost of s torage of one bit for NMD, PZS and TsMD will remain _
steady until 1985.
The world market of NMD with moving heads is extremely diverse. We believe
_ that it is necessary to consider certain factors in determining which of
them are prcmising: existing trends in NMD development on the world ~ca1~e; ,
satisfaction of user (system) requirements and effective stan ar s;
2~ -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ necessacy technology; field of application of the computer complexes.
Trends in the Development of NMD with Moving Heads
Some investigators of the world computer technology market divide NNIDs
into 12 categories (Table 4) (3]. By analyzing the tabular data we can see
that th~~se categories having the largest amount of marketing ~vith a clear
tendency toward its increase are the most promising.
- Promising NMD are among the third and fourth generation devices and are
realized using advanced technoloqy which includes the use of servo-
- information and information modules.
Table 1
~ Replaceable cassette-t magnetic disks
Parameter SM-5400 SM-5401
(Bulgaria) (Poland)
~ maximum capacity, Mbits 50
exchange rate, kbyte/sec 180, 312 312
Avg. data acess time, ms 50 40
Speed, rpm 1500, 2400 2400 _
number of tracks 204
number of heads 4
data media: '
replaceable casset~.ee YeS-5269-01 MERA 847
permanent disk Yes
MTBF, hrs 2,000 -
- full operating time, bits 1010 -
interface SM 1~IIK E~7M 007-76
The most substantial feature of third-generation NMDs is the use of
servoinformation which was previously recorded on disk media to control .
_ the position of the read/write heads. When a memory contains several disks
(e. g. , 12) , it is advisable to set aside one sui face specially for input of
servoinformation. This is advantageous because the servosurface occupies
about 5 percent of the useful surface of the package.. This set~ing aside
- of surface is envisaged in N~IDs in categories 2, 4-6, 8 and 9. For mini-
NMDs, however, an average of at least two disks is required and the
servosurface occupies 25 percent of the media's useful surface, i.e., its
use is not advantageous. In this circumstance servoinformation is
- 23
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FaR OF~ZCIAI USE ONL: ~
recorded in the initial zone of ea~h sector of each track and an all-
purpose read/write head is used. With this method, the inefficient use of
usefuL media surface is reduced by another five percent.
The use of servoinformation recorded on the medium enables us to sharply
increase track. density from 8(which i s the maximum for second generation
NMDs) to 24 per millimeter or more for NMD of sursequent generations.
Furthermore, the effect of temperature is reduced, interchange of in-
formation media is facilitated, reliability is incrPased. The reliability
of data exchange is increased by using new methods of data encoding such as -
modified frequency modulation and group encoding, as well as error-
-correcting codes.
The ~~se of information modules is inherent in fourth generation NMDs. The
- carrier, coated with a special lubricant, and the head (som~times with a
positioner) are placed in an hermetically sealed module in these NMDs.
These heads are several times softer than third generation memory heads.
ThEy freely rise from and descends onto the carrier surface without
damaging it. This increases NMD resistance to the environment and nearly
eliminates the problem of interchangeability. Furthermore, in fourth
generation NMDs data access time is reduced by incorporating two heads i
- placed on the same support lever and the use of fixed heads above the ~
- carrier surface.
The basic parameters which describe third and fourth generation NMDs are -
shown in Table 5.
NMD User Requirements
Traditional NMD user requirements chiefly boil down to increased capacity
andexchange rate and reduced data access time. Furthermore, we know that
the predominar,t cost in this computer system (about 30 percent) is for
programming support. Thus when consic~~ering the connection of new NMDs to .
a given system, it is especially important for the user to assess the
program compatibility of the new NNID with the operating system that
controls his computer complex.
If is usually considered acceptable if changes in the operating system
reduce to the addition of driver subroutines for a specific memory in a
specif ic operating system. Updating of the operating system is facili-
tated if the memory capacity can be increased by increasing the number of
tracks while retaining the data exchange rate and their arrangement in the
NMD.
Meeting the Requirements of Effective Standards
When SM computers were designed, speciai attention was given to the study
of the set of technical standards documents. For technical devices (TS) -
, ~3everal documents were created to govern general technical specifications, -
methods o� testing, requirements of ergonomics and industrial esthetics,
24
' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
program compatibility, operating reliability, etc.
Table 2
Flop v Disk Memories (NGlYID)
Parameter YeS-5074 (bulgaria) MF-3200 PLx450 (Poland) _
(Hungary)
Maximum capacity,
Mbits 3.2 3.2 4 x 3.2
Exchange rate,
Kbits/sec 250 250 250
Time, ms:
shift to next track 10 10
press down head 10 25 30
damping of head 40 40 90
Speed, rpm 360 360 360
Number of:
mechanisms;housing 1 1 2
head/mechanism 1 1 1
tracks 77 77 77
Medium:
floppy disk 1BM "Dis kette"
media surfaces used 1 1 2(media must
be turned to
use other side)
Interface I~IlN CM EVM 010-77
Reliability, hrs 2000 1000 2000
Full time, bits 109 109 109
The documents in effect establish the following requirements for technical
hardware, according to the specific conditions under which the computer
complexes of the system operate: abi lity to work in non-air-conditioned
rooms, possibility of being built in according to MEK requirements;
simplicity of maintenance, high rel iability; standa~dized and unified
designs. �
Necessary Technological Conditions
For serial production of NMD, advanced technology must be created and
assimilated in parallel; this involves great labor and material ex-
penditures. Also typical of NMDs is that they becon~e obsolete in five or
six years bec3use of the continuous improvementsmade in digital magnetic
recording technology and varying requ irements nfcomputer systems. Reduc-
tion in media cost is also very impor tant for minicomputer NMDs.
25
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
These contradictory requirements may be successfully considered by de-
velopment of a series of devices with standardized mechanical design and
electromechanical subassemblies. In mini-NMD primarily used in media and
read/write heads, high-capacity NMDs have been developed and assimilate in
production.
Furthermore, using new and improved methods of data encoding it is possible,
- while retaining former characteristics of the head and media, to increase
memory capacity by several factors. The density of remagnetization is not
altered. This method is used in NGMD (see Table 4, categories 10-12).
Table 3. Cost of storage of one bit for various VZU [1,2]
VZU memory model maximum ca acit cost o storage
each device in con igura- per bit, ~
Mbyte tation, Mbyte
NMD IBM 3340 69.9 559.1 3.4 x 10-
with Memorex 601 75 600 1.8 x 10-3
moving IBI4I 3350-A2 317 10,144 1.4 x 10-3
heads Telex 6316-1 317 5,072 0.7 x 10-3
NMD Alpha Data 80-512
with fixed 9.6 - 0.03
heads Amp. Comp. 8530/256
9.6 - 0.03 .
DDS 8408-8 9.6 - 0.04
PZS Alpha Data SS Disk
peripheral 0.128 1.024 6.87
memory Storage Technology
STC 4305 11 45 0.1
TsMD Rockwell POS/8
peripheral memory 0.0128 0.102 0.97
TI Terminal model 765
- 0.0115 0.2 1.2
At the present stage, it may be asserted that third-generation NMD technology
is being assimilated in CMEA co~ntries. This will enable further improvements
in NMDs for minicomputers to be made.
Fields of Application of Computer Complexes
For computer complexes designed on the basis of large computers, NMDs with
moving heads may theoretically be standardized and one type of inemory be used
for all computer configurations. This is because operating conditions of TS in
the given case are roughly identical to conditions of a computing center. For
- computer complexes with minicomputers, this approa ~ is difficult because of
the wide diversity of fields of application, each of which has specific
requirements. Thus in selecting NMDs for minicomptuers it is necessary to
_ consider the field of application of the specific computer complex. In this
respect, four groups of NMDs can be identified.
; For inexpensive, compact, all-purpose computer systems working under normal
~ climatic conditions, NMD of categories 2, 4, 7 dc8 should be used.
26
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
For large information systems used in air-conditioned rooms, it is advisable to
use NMDs of categories 3-6 and 9.
For data preparation and input devices in computers and for microcomputers it
is effective to use NMDs of categories 1, 10-12.
Table 4. Distribution of NMDs with movin heads b cate ories
NMD category # devices delivered annual pro it delta annual profit
in 1976, thou. from use to 1980
units
NMD with rigid media ~
1. NMD in removable cassette, 12 Mbyte
85.5 21.6 -4.1
2. NMD in removable cassette, over 12 Mbyte
2.2 1 +71.4
_ 3. NMD in removable cassette, 29-58 Mbyte
3.1 6.6 -7.5 -
4. Disk memory modules, 25-80 Mbyte
7.9 2.5 +70.4
5. NMD in removable packets, over 100 Mbyte
29.6 32.6 -15 -
6. NMD on information modules, 35-?0 Mbyte
17.5 12.6 -36.8
7. NMD in fixed disks, 12 Mbyte
17.3 4.3 +44.4
- 8. NMD in fixed disks, 12-200 Mbyte
- - +l 18.6
9. NMD in fixed disks, 200 Mbyte
7 10.8 +52 -
Total NMD with rigid media
- 91.9 +12.1
NMD with flexible media -
10. NMD, 8 in., one side
198.3 8.1 +25.8
11. NMD, 8-in., two sides
0.1 - +147.5
- 12~ NMD, 5.25 inch 1 - +S7
total NMD with flexible media
- 8.1 +41.4
- Total NMD 100 +15.3
27
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLI'
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Table ii. Basic arameters of 3rd and 4th eneration NMDs
echnology, NMD NMD capacity Rate o data Data acesss time,
- category Mbyte/spindle exchange, ms
kbyte/sec
servosur ace: cat. 8 1 4
2, 4
cat. 5 100,200,300 806/120Q 35
Distri ute servo-
information:
category 1 5 512.5 55
category 2 13,26,40 655 40
56 762.5 40 '
in ormation module:
category 6 35,70,14 885 25 .
_ category 8 25,SC,75 885 30
category 9 317 1200 35
- 571 1859 35
Table 6. Promising groups of inemories for mini-computers
NMD group capacity, Mbyte Data exch. Mean data access
rate, kbyte/s time, ms ~
cassette NMD 12,24,48 180-806 50
disk modules:
replaceable 25,50,80 806/1200 40
. permanent 25,50,75 8 6 1200 5
loppy disks 0.4; 0.8; 1.6 16 32 62 -
For harsh operating conditions (wide range of tem~erature and humidity, dusty
atmosphere, etc.), NMDs of categories 4, ? and 8 are recommended.
Conclusion
Bearing in mind the above notions, the developing needs for mini-computer
peripheral memories can be profitably met with three groups of NMDs (Table 6).
These memories meet the requirements of modularity and operating conditions,
and furthermore, make it possible to alter basic parameters with unified designs.
- For large information systems, NMD should be borrowed from YeS EVM if
necessary (eategories 3, 5, 9).
New devices should be interfaced by controllers and driver subroutines developed
for operating systems of computing complexes.
References
1. Theis, D.J., Datamation 1978, Jan. pp 113-131. -
2. GML - Coputer Review Peripherals, 1978 No 2.
3. Porter, J.N. IEEE Trans. on Magn. 1978 July Vol MAG-14, No 4.
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy upravleniya",
1980 28
[402-8817]
CSO: 1863 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 681.325.3:62-503.52
ANALOG-DIGITAL COMPLEX FOft PLANNING DISCftETE SYSTEMS OF PRO-
GRAM CONTROL
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in ftussian No 6, 1980 pp 21-23
[Excerpts from article by V. N. Grishin, K. K. Yeshchin~ V. I. Zarovskiy, A. I.
Koterov and G. I. Shevchenko]
[Excerpts] Analysis of several specific problems of simulation of discrete
systems of program control with digitization by level (DSKU) showed that
productivity of digital computers of an analog-digital complex (ATsK) must meet
high c~equirements (e.g., speed up to 1,000,000 or more operations per seoned).
This is because of the complexity of simul~tion of the proeess of operation of
real systems elements in real time as well as the high precision of reprodueing
program and controll~d funetions.
Because investigation of DSKU in ATsK requ~res considerable expenditures of
computer time, the use of expensive high produetivity all-purpose digital
computers in such ATsK is not economically justified. Research proves that
problems of simulation of DSKU can be solved with the necessary precision on
ATsK with a relatively simple TsVM of much lower produetivity if the strueture
of the digital computer is specialized, i.e., is designed on the basis of the
aspects of operation of DSKU. Furthermore, time expended for simulation of
USKU on ATsK with all-purpose digital computers is several times greater than
on ATsK with specialized digital computers (STsVM) because of the considerable
expenditure of time to create matehing devices and simulation programs.
This artiele is devoted to a deseription of a specialized ATsK for investigating
and planning DSKU.
29
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFI~IAL USE ONLY
_ Standard AVM of the types "Elektron", MN-18, AVK-2 and others may be used
as the analog portion of the complex. The digital part contains PPM and WM.
Both computers ha~~e a common control microprogrammer with 64 128-bit
- microinstructions.
The eharacteristics of the compl~ex are cited below.
Program-converting computer
Number of AU bits 20
- AU speed, operations/second 105
Minimum read time of one punched-card line of PPZU, ms 20
Cepacity, in bits=
PPZU 5 x 105 -
- BZU 6 x 102
OZU 102
_ Control computer
Number of AU bits Z~ I
AU speed, operations/second 105 -
Total capacity, bits:
BZKCh and OZUtn 5 x 102
_ PZU 3 x 103
Access time, microseconds: -
to register OZU ~ 16 -
to PZU 8
The ATsK may be used in planning control DSKU for industrial processes, metal
cutting mills, aircraft, for program control in metallurgy and energy.
The coupling system is composed of PAK and PKA having eight numerial and one -
symbol digit with conversion time of 0.5 milliseconds; the conversion code is a -
time interval with discreteness of conversion of 0.5 ms and code to number of
pulses with maximum repetition rate of 2 kHz. ~
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye'r. "pribory i sistemy upravleniya",
1980
[402-8617]
CSO: 1863
30
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIr`.L USE ONLY
UDC 681.3:681.142.621.001.2
ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVEftTEft WITH GALVANIC SEPARATION OF MEASUR-
ING CIRCUITS
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 pp 23-24
[Excerpts from article by Yu. P. Strashun and B. B. Kishko]
[Excerpts] In elaboration of ASU TP, problems of reducing analog signal in~ut
error, increasing accuracy of calculation of technical and economic parameters _
(TEP) and providing the oppartunity for operation of ASU TP with a high level
of general interference are crucial. The accuracy of calculation of TEP is
increased in the measurement of a mass of initial parameters (standard number
100) for a small time interval (about 0.01 to 0.1 second).
To solve these problems, multiple range high speed analog-digital converters
ATsP are required that have several programmable ranges of ineasurement from
+ 10 mV to + 5 V, conversion time of 100 to 200 microseconds and basic
conversion error, depending on the ranges of converted signals, from + 0.1 to +
- 0.5 percent. r -
One of the efficient structures of multiple range ATsP (MATsP) which enables
implementation of multiple channel ASU TP with a minimum of hacdware
expenditures is a structure which has means of noise suppression Yor all
m~asurement channels o fthe system, represented by a group circuit of galvanic
separation (SGR) of the measurement circuits.
Technical specifications of the elaborated MATsP
Range of converted quantities: -
low level, mV +10, +20, +35
+50, +100
- high level, V +1, +5
Nonlinearity of conversion response, % maximum 0.15
Initial bias voltage drift in 10 mV range:
time, for 6 hrs, meV, max. 1-2
temperature, meV/lO~CX, max. 7.5
Coefficient of general noise suppression, dB, at least:
D.C. 140
A.C. (50 Hz) 120
Permissible noise level, V, max. 1~~
ATsP digits including symbol
31
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Total analog-digital conversion time, � s . 150
Input impedance, Megohms, at least: 10 ~
The MATsP is built out of five standard circuit boards of SM EVM 240 x 280
millimeters.
The MATsP will be used in the analog signal input device of control computer
complexes SM-3 and CM-4.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy upravleniya",
1980
(402-8617]
i
- i
32
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE YES 1015 ELECTRONIC COMPUTER
- ELEKTRONNAYA VYCHISLITEL'NAYA MASHINA YES 1015 in Ruasian no further data
/Equipment Brochures From Recent Exhibitions computer developed by the
Institute for the Coordination of Computer TechnologY/
/Text/ General Description
The Y eS 1015 computer is the smallest one in the Series 2 YeS EVM /Unified
System of Electronic Computers/ family of computers.
Together with the other Series 2 models, it is a result of further develop-
ment of the YeS EVM.
Characteristics:
in accordance with the principle of decentralized processing, the central
processor's functions are�based on the parallel-organized operation of sev-
eral ind ependent processors;
- conrtnunication: through a cor.sole with a display, with the help of easily
underatood standard messages; '
compatib ility with Series I and Series 2 ffiodelsi
- YeS /Unified System/ DOS /disk operating system/ with maintenance of the
virtual memory;
productivity: 19,000-21,000 operations/s for a GIBSON 1 composition,
30,000-3 1,000 operations/s for a GPO-WU II composition;
highly accurate operations with a floating decimal;
virtual memory of 16 Mbyte;
memory protection;
an error-reporting system that provides increased certainty of error detec-
tion, monitor fun~tions with registration of the programmed events that are
the basis of the auxiliary equipment for program debugging;
registration of programme3 events;
basic memory: maximum of 256 Kbyte;
set of c oum~ands: with floating decimal, binary and decimal arithmetic;
high-capacity disks with direct connection;
microdiagnostics.
3.3 ~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
1~OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
.
V _ . . .
t
1
I
I~S. _
NIW
''g
i C -
Y O
Z u
~ -
~
~
- -4 �Q
i I
~ F a ~ i i
~
I ~ ~
_ ~ " m ~ ~
~
. ~ ( ~ i
r---~---~--, a ~ _ ~ I
� � : ~ I i
C ; i
j ~
j ~ m o~ ~ i '
i I ~ ~
~I I ~
I NJ ! I
I J I
C
~ I ~ I ~
Yi I
i i i a -
i j ~ ' i a ;
i ~ ,n ~ ~ Y
;I I
I i ~ ~ . ! s �
I ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ W W ~i
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V~~) ~I
, Ii x p
, ;0 I=!
, ' ~ ' i
I ~ a Q ~ ~ O` ~
~ m 3 ~ ; o
I I , ~ ; i i ~
~ ^ ~O i N
I I , I I V
I ' Y W ' W
j j ' Y ~i i
~ ~ i '
~ ~ _
~ ~ ~
, , . ,
0 0 ; I~ ; .
I � N ,
f U " " ~ ~
V I 3 W ~
ii N , ~ N
I ~ ~
7 ~ ~
~ u
W
I ~ I N I i ~ ~
N ~ ~J
W
I U ' I ` ~
~ N J I I
I I
I ~ nr - ~ ~ I~ .
O r O i~ -
- I~
y1 II
N I
a _
I _ ~ i~
~
3~'
FOR OFFIC~AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Basic configuration: _
_ Central processor (includes the basic memory, a display console, data trana-
mission adapter, selector and multiplexor channels, built-in printer adapt-
er): YeS-2115 (1).
- Magnetic disk (replaceable) storage units: YeS-5061 (3).
Magnetic tape storage unit: YeS-5017 (31.
Magnetic disk storage unit control block: YeS-5517 (1). -
- Printer: YeS-7184 (1).
Unit for input from punchcards: YeS-6016 (1).
- Purpose
This computer configuration makes it possible to create local and remote ,
systems and to operate in the package processing and dialog modes.
Types of syatems for utilization of the YeS 1015:
traditional data processing systems;
~ systems for scientific and technical p~anning;
information aystems for enterprises;
on-line systems for data base control;
general-purpose education systems.
- Baeic areas of utilization:
controlling railway transport;
power engineering, primarily for electricity production and distribution, in
the gas and oil induatry, and the production and diaCribution of other ener-
gy carriers; -
scientific and technical calculations;
controlling an enterprise, information systems for controlling resources; -
.trade, banking and financial operatians;
state control;
different data bank aystems;
education.
Specifications
1. The central processor consists of three subprocessors of different types.
1.1. Co~nand processing subprocessor (UFP)
Purpose:
calling programmed conmiands from the main memory;
analysis of function code;
- execution of arithmetic and logic commands;
analysis of input-output commands, initiation of appropriate input-output
procesaor.
Time cycle: 550 ns.
The memory itself contains:
check registers;
operation register with floating decimal;
3~9 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
16 general registers;
working registers.
1.2. Input-output subprocesaor (IOP), maximum of four with the �ollowing
functi~nal distribution: one di,rectly controls the attached high-epeed -
printer and the multiplexor channel, the aecond directly controls the at-
tached disks, the third control the selector channel, the fourth controls ~
the remote data processing com~?unications.
Time cycle: 550 ns.
1.3. Serv ice subprocessor (KAR)
Purpose:
constant monitoring of all functions;
error re~istration and analysis;
microprogram input;
- communication with operator.
The operation of this subprocessor does not depend on the operation of the
other sub p rocessors.
Time cycle: 550 ns.
i
~ 1.4. Main memory _ !
Structure: integrated circuits produced by MOP ~ossibly meCallic oxide I
semiconduc tor7 technology.. ~
Amount of simultaneously transmitted data: 2 bytes ~22 bita).
Time cyc le : 1 ,us . _
Access to the main memory is regulated by its control unit (OTV).
Purpose: , R
collects inquiries for subprocessor service and processes them according to
the permanent priority sequence;
reports the nature of subprocessor errors (for example, an error in memory
protection, an equipment or addressing erro~~ and so on), corrects single er-
rors, rep orts double errors.
2. Microprogram disk ~flexible)
Capacity: 340 Kbyte.
Contains:
the indiv idual subprocessors' microprograms'
error reg istration area;
programs for the established-error analyzer;
informati on for the operator.
3. Operator's console: the means for communicating with the YeS-2115 cen-
tral processor.
Component parts:
YeS-7168 display
operating principle TV raster ~ossibly television screen/
_ symbol depiction 7 x 9 point matrix
number of lines 16
number of symbols per line 56;
:
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040340050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
keyboard
- alternative sets of symbols 90 with Latin alphabet, 123 with Russian
alphabet
: additional panel emergency disconnect, network discon:?ect, functional
keys, error aignaling lights;
printing conaole YeS-7186;
printing rate 180 aymbols/s; ~ '
number of eymbols (Latin, Russian) 96;
number of sym~ols per line 132; .
operating principle point matrix;
size of matrix S x 7.
4. YeS-5061 magnetic disk storage unit
replaceable package of disks;
capacity of package of disks 29.176 Mbyte;
number of"operating surfaces 20
disk rotation speed 2,400 r/min;
_ number of magnetir heads 20;
number of tracks per surface 203; -
average time of access to information 55 ms.
~ 5. YeS-5017-A magnetic tape storage unit
type of information registration NRZI;
recording density 3'1 bits/mm;
tape length maximam of 720 m; _
- tape movement speed 2 m/s;
capability for reading in two directions.
6. YeS-7184 printer
- number of symbols (Latin, Russian) 96;
number of symbols per line 132;
- printing speed maximum of 1,100 linea/min;
operating Frinciple drum-type unic with impact operation.
7. YeS-6016 unit for input from punchcards
reading speed 1,000 cards/mir;
_ operating principle photoelectric;
type of cards used 80 or 90 columns;
card code: KRK-12;
output code: DKO1.
8. YeS-~7014 unit "or o~tput on punched tape -
punching speed 140 cards/min;
punchin~ principle mechanical;
i hopper capacity 1,500 cards;
- capacity of two atorage units 1,4~0 cards each;
type of punchcard 80 columns;
= card code KRK 12;
output code DKO 1.
3~ _
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Sofrware
The operating system for the YeS-1015 is a further development of the Series
- 1 operating sy~tem and fully utilizes the advantages of the Seriea 2 func-
t ions ,
" Basic charac*_eristics:
virtual memory servicing; _
multiprogra~ning;
5 sections (in each section there is a virtual memory of 16 Mbyte and 99
initiatable subtasks);
POWER (automatic operation of slow peripheral gear);
- selection and execution of tasks according t~ a changeable priority rating;
parameterized, cataloged procedures;
support of operator consolE's SMO /queueing system/;
program translators with high-level lar.guages: PL/1, COBOL, FORTRAN;
suppcrt o� remote data processing equipment's SMO (VTAM).
The YeS-1015's operating system (DOS 3) was developed through the combined
_ efforts of workers from Che Czechoslov~k Socialist R~public, the Hungarian '
- People' s Republic and the USSR. i
- The YeS-1015's KPTO /complex ~f programs for techn;cal service7 provides it I
_ with efficient maintenance and preventive maintenance.
The KPTO for Series 1 computers was basically realized on programs, but for _
the YeS-1015 computer this role is filled by a microdiagnostics system that
is a atandard part of the computer.
Basic functiona of the KPTO:
elimination of correctable errors arising during operation; ~
regietration of malfunctions in the automatic mode;
automatic testing of the computQr during preventive maintenance;
discovery of defective units and asaemblies.
COPYRIGHT: Notice Not Available
/8144/1297-11746/
11746
CSO: 87.44 /1297
38
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE SM-52 ELECTRONYC COMPUTER
E~KTRONNAYA VYCHISLITEL'NAYA MASHINA SM-52 in Ruesian no further data
. /Equipment Brochurea r'rom Recent Exhibitions camputer produced by Video-
ton Computer Equipment Plant/
/Text/ General Deacription
The central processor contains ECL microproceasors. The coupling unita and
monitoring devices are built on the baeis of large-scale integrated circuit
technology. -
Phyaicall~r, the SM-52 computer has three functional lines:
the OZU /n,ain memorYT bus;
the peripheral gear bus;
the operating unit bus.
The main memory ie based on high-capacity MOS memory modules. Memory access ~
time is reduced by the use of a"CACHE memory," which preparea for reading
from the memory the OZU areas used are entered beforehand in the "CACHE"
memory. Thus, the central proceasor is 90-95 percent prepared to obtain the
necessary data fram the "CACHE" memory.
Separate operator modules and operating units accelerate the procesaing of
data. (An operator with. a floating decimal and so forth.)
On the basis of optimization of the problems related to the computer's soft- �
ware and hardware and decentralization of the logic functions, a large in-
crease in the computer's capacity is insured.
The SM-52 hae a well developed mYCroprogramming syatem. The central proces-
sor's SOZU /high-speed memorY/ is loaded frou~ the OZU. Microprograms from
peripheral controllers realize physical control of the peripheral gear inde-
pendently. Each time the computer is turned on, the central procesaor's _
microdiagnostics system checks the central processor, the OZU and the "CACHE
memory.
39
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
r~n ~rrl~t~. u~~ u~VLY
There are two bas~c types of peripheral gear control units:
_ coupling units that carry out autonomous translation and controllers with
microprocessor control;
coupling units with progra~ed translation control.
The independent servicing of the peripheral gear lightens the load on the
central processor considerably. -
The system has a large-capacity external storage capability: ~
_ fixed disks;
disks with replaceable 5-50 Mbyte packages;
magnetic tape.
Because of special equipment features, the SM-52's operating system's modu-
- lar construction makes it possible to have a monofunctional/multitask or
- multifunction3lJmultitask organization of the operating mode, which provides
the appropriate shielding between separate functions and tasks.
Purpose ,
The Model SM-52 is used primarily at the highest level flf a hierarchical ~
i
control and automation system. It insures simultaneous execution of differ- !
ent kinds of problems that relate to the following areas of application:
integrated control. of small enterprises;
infarmation reprocessing systems for administrative work;
checking and controlling technological processes;
technological preparation for production;
monitoring of finished products and experimental and technical-diagnostic
systems;
- automated systems for scientific testing. ~
_ The architecture and design of the SM-52 computer insures the realization of
,~perational work.
Basic Specifications
OZU: "GACHE" memory:
capacity 1 Mbyte; capacity 8 K words;
cycle time 980 ns. cycle t~me 250 ns;
efficiency 90-95 percent.
Data format:
word 16 bits;
binary word 32 bits;
byte chain n x 8 bits;
data with floating decim~l 32 bits;
data with floating decimal and double accuracy 48 bits.
COPYRIGHT: Notice Not Available
/8144/1297-11746%
11746
CSO: 8144/1297 -
~ 4~
FOR OFFICTAL -USE ONLY �
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
,
THE YES 1010 M ELECTRONIC COMPUTER
ELEKTRONNAYA VYCHISLITEL'NAYA MASHINA YES 1010 M in Russian no further data
/Equipment Brochures From Recent Exhibitions computer produced by Video-
ton Computer Equipment Plant/
/Text/ General Description
The modernized R-10 also differs from the earlier R-10 in its external ap-
pearance. The control console has disappeared and the computer is started
with the help of a built-in microprogram, by turning a starting key. Be-
- cause of this, maximum simplification of the computer control process has
been achieved.
The central processor is laid out on a single-printed-circuit board. Reali-
zation on a single b,~ard increases the computer's reliability significantly.
The fitness for opera:ion of the central processor and the internal storage
are monitored by microc~iagnostics. Bui1t-in microprocessors in the periph-
eral gear coupling units provide autonomous input-output control simultane-
ously with operation of the central processor. The modernized R-10 makes it
possible to load programs and data from another computer that is some dis-
tance away and also makes it possible to perform remote diagnostics. Its
significant advantage is its internal storage, which has been expanded to
128 Kbyte (64-Kbyte program area and 64-Kbyte data area). The user software
that was developed for the R-10 can also be used with the modernized R-10.
Depending on the user's needs, there are four basic configurations of the
modernized R-10.
~ Model 10
A small computer with a single operator's position, for scientific and tech-
_ nical calculations, for use in industry and laboratories.
Because the Model 10 is a table-top computer, it can be used under the nor-
mal conditions encountered in an office, an auditorium, or a laboratory.
- 41
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The system's basic configuration is:
a central processor with a 32-Kbyte memory (that can be expanded to 64 K);
a console display with two built-in minicassette magnetic tape storage
units.
Optionally, it is possible to connect to the system a flexible magnetic tape
storage unit and industrial USO (coBUnunication-with-object devices) input-
outputs.
The Model 10's software system contains a macroassembler, a FORTRAN IV pro-
gram translator and an RTM real-time monitor.
A data control subsystem on a flexible magnetic disk and a real-time input-
output system are used to control the op~ional units.
The Model 10 can be used for program writing, with the help of interactive
text-editing and utility programs.
The Model 10's software is compatible with the ather, larger models of the ,
modernized R-10. ~
Model 20 j
The Model 20 is a system for processing data on a real time scale that is
oriented for several user/operator positions.
The most important components of the system are intel~igent, display-type
operator positions, large-capacity disk storage, and special software for
processing transactions. -
The Model 20 was developed for use in an office.
_ Composition:
central processor and 128-Kbyte ferrite or semiconducting memory;
consolc-type operator's display;
replaceable ca.ssette disk;
high-speed matrix printer; _
display-type operator positions (maximum oi four); ' �
punchcard reader;
- magnetic tape;
DMS-60 data base and transaction control processing system.
Model 30
- The Model 30 can be used as a concentrator for large couputers or as a sys- ,
tem for entering data from many operator's positions.
The display terminals are connected to the central processor through two- or '
four-wire data transmission lines in such a manner that they can be at some
distance from the central processor. ~
42
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Composition:
central processor with 64- or 128-Kbyte memory;
operator's console with two built-in minicassette magnetic tape storage
units;
synchronous data transmission control unit (combined with a console displey
control unit);
a maximum of 32 display terminals;
high-speed matrix printer;
replaceable disk;
magnetic tape.
The Model 30's standard software contains an RTDM real-time disk monitor.
Optionally, a DTM data transmission subsystem can be order for it.
Programs can be written from the console display, in the int~ractive mode,
- with program and test writing being facilitated by auxiliary programs.
Model 40 �
The Model 40 is a general-purpose computer system that is intended primarily
for the realization of data processing tasks. Because of its large~capacity
disk storage units and efficient software, it can also be used in situations
where previously it was necessary to install a computer from a higher cost
category. This system can be used very efficiently for package processing,
while its architecture and software system make it possible to construct
multiterminal configurations also. The Model 40 system, which is set up in
19-inch frames, is suitable for simultaneous package and terminal-oriented
processing.
It has a 128-Kbyte memory (64-Kbyte program area and 64-Kbyte data area) and
disk storage with direct access, all of which make it possible to perform
simultaneous services for several users in a manner comparable to J.arge data
processing systems, and with the help of the "on-line" terminal mode it can
do this with multiple access.
Composition:
central processor and 128-Kbyte magnetic or semiconducting memory;
operator's console with two built-in minicassette magnetic tape storage
units;
replaceable magnetic disk cassette storage unit (maximum of four);
magnetic tape storage unit (maximum of four);
punchcard reader;
high-speed printer.
Options:
display terminals (maximum of 32);
replaceable large-capacity disk.
The Model 40's software system has the following programming languages at
its disposal:
43
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
ANSI COBOL;
FORTRAN IV;
Macroassembler,
all of which can be used to write packag? processing prograras.
Purpose the modernized R-10 is partibularly suitable for:
use in laboratories and offices;
controlling a data base and processing transactions;
performing remote processing;
connection to large computers as an intelligent terminal.
Specifications of the Central Processor
- A 16-bit, microprogra~ned central processor laid out on a single printed-
circuit board.
Number of interrupt levels: 32/64, by selection. _
� Number of registers: 16.
Input/output: the central processor, the peripheral gear coupling units and
- and memoriea are connected to a single line.
Line transmission rate: 2.3 Mbyte/s.
1"he coupling units for complicated peripheral gear (storage units, data
transmission lines and so on) are controlled by microprocessors.
- Number of peripheral great coupling unit boards:
table-top version: 7;
frame version: 14.
_ Maximum memory: 128 Kbyte ~64-Kbyte pr~gram area, 64-Kbyte data area), fer-
- rite or semiconducting (0.8 and 0.45 s, respectively).
Compatibility:
set of commands: contains set of R-10 commands + bit control commands;
programs: can execute all user programs written for the R-10.
Software:
The high-level programming language PROCOL, which was specially developed
for this purpose, is used for the multiproblem real-time mode.
With rhe help of PROCOL, on the modernized R-10 it is possible to program in
a high-level language those probleme that until now could only be programmed
on the assembler level in most computers.
As an option, this programming language can be ordered together with the RPG
II. -
The centralized program-writing and data-control system makes it possible to =
run programs written in different languages simultaneously and, moreover, to
use several programming languages in a single prdgram.
44
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Depending on the area of utilization and the mode, the optimum system for
controlling programs can be selected from among several operating systeme:
DBM with package processing;
RTDM fo~ package and "on-line" processing;
MTM for the multiprob lem mode.
Monitora are used on a diak atorage unit with a unified structure, which
- makes it possible to replace the monitors while preserving the data files.
COPYRIGHT: Notice Not Available
/8144/1297-11746/
- 11746
' CSO: 8144/1297
45
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE YES 1011 ELECTRONIC COMPUTER
ELEKTRONNAYA VYCHISLITEL'NAYA MASHIN~i YES 1011 in Russian no further data
/Equipment Brochures From Recent Exhibitiions computer produced by Video-
ton Computer Equipment Plant/
/Text/ General Description
In order to take care of different kinds of users' needs, Videoton offers
the R-11 system, which is based on central processors with different capaci- i
ties. ~
The Models R-lI/10, 20 and 3Q are modern means for the decentralized pro-
cessing of data that can also be used in large computer networks as their
medium-capacity members.
- The Models R-100 and 200 are large-capacity systems with the capability of
memory enlargement to 1 Mbyte with a multifunctional organization, on the -
basis of which several independent problems can be solved simultaneously.
The central processor in all the models is a 16-bit microprogrammed process-
- or that is realized on one (for the R-11/10, 20, 30) or two (for the
R-11/100, 200) TEZ's. ;
The architecture of the models is characterized by the following features:
the memory has a segmental system;
multifunctional organization;
common, newly written subroutines;
separate subprograms ~tasks) have their own memory fields (stacka).
Purpose and Operating Modes
Technical calculations and data processing:
traditiona' computer center problems;
scientific research;
data processing operations in enterprises.
46 -
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Remote data processing:
computer networks: R-11--V-11;
. emulation of the "Remote job terminal" tqpe: access to Siemens, IBM and
YeSK computers and computers that are interchangeable with them;
access to the Kh25 postal network;
circulation of inverse transaction data base.
Use in a time-sharing sys tem:
multiconsole educational system;
interactive program development.
Industrial uses:
control of industrial processes;
hierarchical networks based on R-11 models of different capacities and on
elements of a Vt-70000 programnable, remote subscriber's point.
In the multifunctional mode, the Models R-11/100 and 200 can provide the
applications mentioned ab ove simultaneously, in the form of subfuncta.ons.
Hardware
Magnetic disks: 5 and 62 Mbyte.
Display terminal: 75-9,600 bits/s.
Punchcard reader: 600 cards/s.
Flexible disk storage: 255/380 Kbyte.
NML /magnetic tape storage/_ 800 and 1,600 bits/s.
ATsPU /alphanumeric printer/: 300, 600, 900, or 1,200 lines/min.
Matrix ATsPU: 180 symbols/min.
Software
Depending on the type of central processor, the R-11's basic software con-
sists of two levels.
Level 1(Models 10, 20, 30). The R-11's sof'~;~are system is based on compo-
nents that have been repe atedly, regularly and successfully used in the
R-10, to which have been added new and efficient services both in the area
of operating systems and in the areas of prograimning languages and system
users.
The DMS-60 is a general-purpose piece of software for use with data bases
that functions as a subsystem under the control of a"Multitask Monitor,"
which itself is capable of solving problems in a significant part of its ap-
plications. The data files form a centralized data base. The system for
processing transactions when requested from the individual operator posi-
tions is built up on this data base. Users have access to the daCa base
memory and can interrogate them by the interactive method, modify them and
_ also process data. The DMS-60 has all the software facilities needed to
construct the data base, for the modification of its architecture, and for
conversion to the specific needs of individual users.
47
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The ANSI-standard COBOL language ma~ces it possible to handle sequential,
indexed-sequential and relatively organized files, resolve segmented program
organization, and carry out effective program testing during program conver-
sion and running.
The programming language is analogous to the internationally distributed
language RPG II, and is a simple and efficient means for data processing
programming .
The extraordinarily efficient language FORTRAN IV, which contains signifi-
cant additions relative to the standard, is avail~ble for making scientific
and technical calculations.
- The modern, highly developed prograimning language PROCOL, with combines the
simplicity of FORTRAN with high-level programmability of the functions need-
ed for operation on a real time scale, is used for the preparation of pro-
grams operating in the "multitask" mode.
The language capabilities listed above are supplemented even further by an
efficient macroassembler. i
I
The operating system can be generated in accordance with specific require- '
ments . ~
Level 2(Models 100, 200). The second-level software is based on a multi-
functional "multitask" monitor that uses special architectural properties.
The riTM-Z can control several user functions. Each of them has its own op-
erating area and makes use of the same central monitoring services.
Programir,ing is facilitated by different programming languages that have been
developed:
MAS macroassembler;
FORTRAN;
LTR;
COBOL; ,
BASIC;
MAG macrogenerator.
User libraries and program packages:
library of mathematical programs with single and d~uble accuracy and f ixed
and floating decimal;
- library of operations in the decimal system; ~
library of scientific and statistical FORTRAN subroutines.
Basic Specifications
Models R-11/10, 20, 30:
32 ~or 64) interrupt levels;
123 machine commands;
16 registers;
- 48
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~ central processor, memory and peripheral gear interfaces are connected to a
general-purpose "MONOBUS" line (transmission rate: 2.3 Mbyte/s);
- peripheral gear interfaces are based on microprocessors;
remote loading and remote diagnoatica capabilities.
Models R-11/100, 200:
32 (or 64) interrupt levels;
155 machine co~nands;
16 registers;
central processor, memory and peripheral gear interfaces connected to the
same "MONOBUS" (rate: 2.3 Mbyte/s);
peripheral gear interfaces are based on microprocessors;
possibility of enlarging memory up to 1 Mbyte; ,
automatic microdiagnostics;
remote loading and remote diagnostics capabilities.
- COPYRIGHT: Notice Not Available
/8144/1297-11746%
11746
CSO: 8144/1297
49
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
F0~ OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
uDC 62-52(75)
PRINCIFLES OF THE CREATION OF LARGE AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Moscow OSNOVY SOZDAIVIYA BOL'SHIKH ASU in Russian 1979 pp 126-141, 179-182
[3ections from the book "Osnovy sozdaniya bol'shikh ASU" by Valentin
Aleksandrovich Baranyuk, Yevgeniy Semenovich Bichugov, Aleksandr Ivanovich
Cherkashchenko and Shamil` U~yarovich Urazgel'diyev, edited by V. A.
Barar~ruka, Izdatel'stvo Sovetskoye Radio, signed to press 27 November
1978, 10,600 copies, 360 pages]
~
[Additional selections from this source appeared in a previous is sue of i
this report - see JPRS L~9204, 23 July 1980, pages 141-1~+7]
[ Text] 4. Means of blan-ASU Contact
Until recently man interacted with electronic computer equipment mainly by
means of perforator input-output and printing equipmer.t. However, the
r_~ed to assure close man=machine dialague in the process of work required
the use of more flexible terminals which permit asking the machine qiaes-
tions and giving it tasks directly from the working place of the operator
without complex preliminary work on the preparation and formalization of
starting data. It was desirable to obtain at the same working place the
responses of the machine and the reaults of the solution in sufficiently
graphic form.
By the end of the 1960's those flanctions, as a rule, were entrusted to
ordinary teletypes, at times modified somewhat, connected to a computer -
provided with suitable programs for processing arriving communications,
and elso programs for the formation of codograms containing the results of '
solution. Special terminals modified for the assembly, automatic coding
and input into the computer of the necessary data, and also for the output
of information from the computer, began to appear later. Such equipment
_ must contain a panel for the assembly of data and also means for visual
monitoring of the assembly and for the issuance of information arriving
from computers (Fig ~+.3). Those flinctions usually are performed by an -
indicstor on a cathode-ray tm.be~ a specia.l electrical printer, or some
other means. Perforator input-ou~Lput devices are sometimes addi.tionally -
included in the equipment. .
50
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFPICIAL USE ONLY
Y_j
I 1
/ r'~
I ~ ` ~ . ~ d~~~ f~ _
~ l t
~ F; Y ~
l Figure 4.3
> Ye8-7061
~ + display panel.
~
~ { , r ~
~ �x"r~r y, ~
'r i., 1
.Y
y'~' r~;
4 r t. ~Y
'
. s ' ~~t'' ~f:n
I � ~'.rt ~~~ty~
~ ~ ~r r n a a aJ'X ~ .
, ~ ''t,~r ~ ~ r ~ ,e.i
- ' ~ ~ o. ~
t -:1 z~~ ~
` _ ~ ;3
~ . . . R ~ x~
i ~ ~
, . . . , ,r,.~,.
The wide distribution of such terminals is explained by the need to pro-
_ vide convenience for the work of man with the coanputer, on the one hsnd, -
and by the rapid development oP syatems with time separa~ion, capable of
simultaneously servicing a large number of users. If the user is at a
considerable distance from the co~nputer, the terminals include meana of
connecting them with co~amznication channels. -
Such very complex terminals not only assure data input-output but also
partially process information. Actually, such equipanent contains a amall
computer which transPorms the formats of data, providea buffer storage of
information, organizes exchange of data with the main computer and per-
I forms a number oP other specific ftiinctions, relieving the central processor
of them and imcpr~oving the utilization of costly camoaauni.cation channels . _
, An auxiliary processing unit often assures the f~nctioning of several ter-
minals.
Widely used at the present time are tertn3.nals which perrnit introducing
: into a ca~ttputer from a paneZ not only alphanumeric but also ~aphic in-
formation. Visual monitorinq of input by means of a.. cathode-ray be~n
- is assured in that case (Figure ~+~4). On the same c~tho~.e-ra}r beam -
the results oP solution of problems with the necessary textual and digit~l.
- explanations are issued from the computer in ~aphic fortn. The panel per-
- nLtts readily introducing partiel chenges in the grapha depicted an the
- cathode-ray tubes. To do that, the operator working at the panel shifts
the marker from the necessary poi.nt and gives the computer instruct3ons
- for corresPonding change of data input earlier or obtained as a result oP
solution. Used for the same purpose is a light pencil, by pointing which
- at a given place on the cathode-rqy screen it is posBible to set the
51
' FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
~ r~~ ~
a,~, ~ At~
; ( xc. i _ - ,
Irf ~ Figure ~.4. The YeS-7~5
gr~phic display.
5
-
coordinates of the necessary point. With a marker or a Iight pencil
lines, poin~ and signs are drawn or erased on the screen. The position of
- new signs fed to a computer from a panel can be shown.
- Within the framework of the Unified Electronic Co~aputers System the social.-
- ist countriES have developed a whol~ seriea of terminals for various pur- _
- po~es and of various complexity, in particular, several types of equipment
for remote input and output of alphanumeric and ~aphic information.
- User stations have been devzloped by the People's Republic of Bulgaria
(~sS-8501), the Hu.ngarian P~orple's Republic (YeS-85o3 and YeS-8570) and
the GDR (YeS-85o5). Units and devices produced by the industry of other
socialist countries have been used.
i
~ -
i The YeS-8501 user station is intended for the local input oP data into a
i computer either from a printer keyboexd ~ or from punched cerriera. It -
includes a"Konsul" electric printer (YeS-7172 or YeS-7174), a device for
input from punched tape or cards with edge perforation i'eS-6~g~), a device
output on punche3 tape or cards with edge perforation (YeS-7191 or YeS-
7192), a device Por input from punched cards (YeS-6111), and a devi.ce for
- output on punched cards.
'!'he YeS-85o3 user station (Figure ~+.5), in contrast with the YeS-8501 sta-
tion, does not have punched-card devices for information input and output, -
but instead can be removed from the camputer and work through a camrmznica-
tion channel with a speed of 600 or 1200 baud.s.
- Remate information input-output is a1s4 provided by the YeS-8570 user sta-
tion, which consists of a"Konsul" pr3nter (YeS-7172 or YeS-7174) coupled
with a communication channel. A transmiasion speed of 20a bauds is a1-
lowed.
52
FO& OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FO~t OFFICIAL USE ONLY
''r'~. L T.: + ' . ~ . . , ~ .
_ :~i . ~ ' . . . .
.y,~ ~ ~t ' ~ . . .
~ > > ~
~ j~~,.''~Y ~~S
st~ r . ' - y ~ . Figure ~+.5. The
:2� ~I ~ ? .p~ 4~~�~ I _
k - T YeS-8503 user
- ''~=~4~' station.
-~r , : ~
~ a ~ty,~:, r f..~
" ~r~f . ySI Y..~ ~5, ~
^m( R 4 j
r a~ ~.,y.
~nl b v -
. ? ~ ~ ~1,~ ~t _
~ k i ~ r .
. . ~ -ti.c ~ r t s~~~l
� r,~
, ~ _ - ~ . . 1?~r ~'~J
~ ~;r. . f`:: -
~ . ~ . , . . ._._i ~~�.h
The YeS-85o5 user station can assure simultaneous ~~r~x^k of up to 16 peri-- ~
pherel terminals, connected by a sir.gle control unit (with u distance of
up to 1000 m from the control unit). Z'he following can be used as peri-
pheral devices: an electrical printer, a device for output to punched tape _
and magnetic tape, a dev3ce for interrogating sensors of ineasured values, =
and si~al converters (modems) (YeS-8002, YeS-8005, YeS-8006 and YeS-8028).
The information transmission rate can be from 200 to 1200 baud~, depending
on the selected modem model. ~
~ A device intended for information exchange between an operator and a com- _
puter processor through a standard input-output channel (standard inter- _
face) is a relatively simple terminal. The device consists of an electric =
' printer and a unit for coupling with a standard channel. Using the printer -
keyboard, an operator can introduce data into the computer and simultane-
ously print the data on paper. The output is printed on sheets oP paper =
(or paper tape). Several models of such equipment have been developed _
~ (YeS-7070, YeS-7071, YeS-7073 and YeS-707~+). Their mai.n technical charac-
teristics are presented in Table ~+.3. Figure 4.6 presents the external ,
appearance of one of those devices.
As has alreac~y been pointed out, the displqy is the most convenient ter-
minal for man, but it is costly. Six models oP displays have been devel-
oped in accordance with the program ~'or the creation of the Unified Elec- _
tronic Computer System, two models in the USSR (one for work with alpha-
numeric and graphic information, the YeS-7064, and the other for work only
with alphanumeric data, the YeS-7066).
53
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY =
~
~ -
0
�
~
~ ~ N N N tt~ ~
~ O ~
v ~
~ g o $ ~ g ~ .
~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ O ~ ~S ~ 8 "
~ ~ H ~ U ~ ~O C~- ~ -
~ K ~ k K k ~
~ $ O S O ~ � C~ -
A O ~ ~ N rN-I ~1
. ~
~
~
d x u~1 u~1 ~ ~ ~
~ ~ N N N N -
N N N N
rl ~O
N �
~ O v1 ~
~ N~y
U ~ O tf'~ ln tf~ ~ 7_
'C
j ~ V w
b Z
_ ~ ~
~ ~
fA ~i ~
W i~ ~ ~ ~ x..,-_ ~
U r-1 C~~.{ M V'~~ 9'
i~-~ ~ Si ri r-1 r-I ri I r' a
~ a -~a
~
~ ~ ~
' a ~ ~ a~'i o
~ ~ a~ ~
_ U N O O O O
~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _
- ~ ~
- �r1 4-+ N tti
~ ~ A ~
~ A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ .a ~ ~N
~ z ~ ,
q FI r~ �r'I "'s1}i i'
rl ~1 FI ~ ~ . . .^.~:`:.~~~Y..:~+:^;i~!
~ rl ~p U] C/1 ~1
~ U ~ U CA.h i~
M A
a~ ~ ti ~ m ~
ti ti
~ N N M
H ~ U] U] v1 v]
~ ~ y+ ~ . -
54 _
FOR OFFICIAL OSE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The YeS'-7064 is intended to provide complex planning and design and other
calculations with the outptzt of graphic images on the screen of a cathode-
ray tube. The possibility of correcting images on the cathode-r~y tube
has been envisaged. The device includes the following funetional units:
a control device, a main memory unit, a block for coupling with a channel,
sign and vector generator units, a cathode-rqy tube indicator unit, an
alphanumeric and flanctional keyboard with control, power units with con-
trol, a light pencil with control and an engineer's control panel.
The device has programmed control. ~~e program and data for registration
are stored in the local main memory. By using the processor prograt~t and
the light pencil it is possible to perform various operations with the
image: erasure, displacement, selection, reversa]., scaling, input from a
keyboard of text at any place on the screen and other operations.
Another type of display, developed in the Soviet Union, the YeS-7o66 ais-
play panel, is intended for alphanumeric information in~u.t-output. f~y
means of a keyboard an operator can record, erase, request needed data
from the computer, correct and forward data to the computer or issue the
_ data to a printer.
In input conditions the operator enters on the panel keyboard the necea-
sary da~a, which are recorded in the buffer storage ~f that panel and shown
on the screen. APter making the entry the operator sends an inquiry sig-
nal to the computer, on which the machine rePers to the buffer ~torege and
reads ofP the data recorded in it. The data entered on the display when
the corresponding fluictional key is pressed can be recorded again in the
buffer storage of the printer and printed.
In conditions of data output from the caanputer, at the operator's request
the deta are firat recorded in the buPPer storage, and then are issued to
the screen or the printer.
- The Ye5-7066 display is connected to a standard YeS c~puter channel, not
directly, but through a special YeS-7566 control unit. Figure 4.7 shaws
the connection diagram. The YeS-7066 display can be removed from the con-
trol unit to a distance of 500 m. The unit can provde control of several
YeS-7066 displays. It ~contains a buffer storage common to all and a unit
for cou ling with the YeS computer channel. A printer (the "Konsul"
printer~ is connected to the latter. The total number of displays con-
nected to the YeS-7566 control unit depends on the used displ~y format but
cannot be larger than 16. The YeS-7066 indicators are connected to the
_ YeS-7566 control unit by a maximum of four branches, the number of them in
each branch is arbitrary, hut the totsl number must not exceed the quantity
dorresponding to the set format. Four Yormats can be used to depict in-
- formation on a screen (Table ~+.4).
Figure 4.8 shows the general appearance of the Ye5-7066 display and the
YeS-7566 unit.
55
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFPICIAL USE ONLY
EC-7066 EC-7066
EC-7066 EC-7066
EC - 7565 . ' , _ ~ -
A'aNOn ' ; 6~vK ' '699~PHan ' . ~
- 1 ~'0."~"`~p fC-7066� EC-7066
, _ ~ ~
/luwyWax ~ .
Mc xa . ~ EC-7066 EC-7066
Figure 4.7. Block diagram of connection of external _
panels to group control unit. EC = YeS
1-- Channel 3-- B~er storage l; -
2-- Coupling unit 4-- Printer
� . : . . . ;
iwwa+~c-~. . .
.
-
z~. �
4'.' .y y 1 I , . . . .
. ~ ~ . . . ~ .
,a' ~h~� .A,~ ~ , . ~ .
J ~.Y:s . R = ` .y.~= ~ . . . '
~t
1 ~ ~ . . . ~
, . ` `'Sr1J+ P A
3::'
~ t .
. . SS' Y.' :i ~iav ~ R~~
"g 2
. y; f~, P ) - :5:
L J + ~
j " a Ei ~ ~~I -
x {
Y z~~~,F T m~ -
~ ~ . � .
4 1 ~ t
~ ~ ' j . k :
~ 1'^
. j (
i ~
~ y-F,~.~ ..l ,
rx [ " i
. r` I' C1 M . S~.
s T
. ~y...,,.~.., . . _ . . . . .
~a,
- Figure 4.8. General appearance of the YeS-7n66 display
- and the YeS-7566 control unit.
56
FOIt OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Besides the Soviet Union, the Hungarian People's Republic has participated
in tbe development of displays for the Unified Electronic Computer System;
_ four display models (YeS-7061, YeS-7063, YeS-7065, YeS-7068) have been -
developed there. Tre principal technical characteristics of displays
detreloped according to the YeS EVM program are presented in Tab1e 4.5.
The terminels of tlae models under consideration a~re fairly univerael. With
them any alphanumeric or even graphic information can be fed to or taken
from a computer.
A negative aspect of that universality is the relatively large time needed
for information entry. In an ASU a limited number of types of strictly
formalized data is fed into a co~tputer fairly often from a workplace. For
example, in the system for control of production, from the worplace at a
machine tool it is possible to introduce: the quantity of manufactured
articles and remaining (or required) billets, data on machine tool break-
age (with indica~ion of the type of defect) and other formalized informa-
- tion. It is clear that for the input~of such standard information there
is no sense in installing universal equipment even of the type of the
- teletyge, but it is advisable to set up as simple a sensor as possible,
one which would permit the input of only information of the required types
into the system. In the presented example an instrument with an input
mechanism of the telephone diel type, coding dialed information and issu-
ing it to an appropriate communication line, can serve as a sensor.
In more complex systems, specialized display panels, the keyboard of which
is adapted for the input of data characteristic of a given system, serve
as terminals. Thus, in automated systems for military purposes, intended
for the rapid reportin~ to ~ddressees of battle orders and dispatches, it
is advisable to use panels which would permit,~.by pressing a total of a -
few buttons, rapidly selecting the ad~ress.and;;content of a message. The
~ input and subsequent transformation of information are monitored on a
cathode-ray tube, as on an ordinary display. On the same cathode-r~y tube ~
information is displayed which arrives from other workplaces or facilities.
The information to be displayed on the cathode-ray tube is prepared, as a
_ rule, by the computer of a given facility, but ~hi:s can be par~ie.L7.~ ~one
by the processor of the corresponding (fairly complex) workplace.
- "Charactron" cathode-ray tubes were used 8-10 years for information dis-
play; now they have 'been completely displaced by the ordinary television
cathode-ray tube, the beam of which is control.led by special sign genera-
- tors. As a rule cathode-ray tubes are used as displays for individual
use. The size of the screen and the of the characters displayed on it
does not permit more than ane or two operators to work with them. Recent-
ly, however, cathode-ray tubes have also begun to be used for large-scale
images. In some systems this is achieved by pro~ecting the the image
taken from the screen of a cathode-rey tube onto a large screen, in others
the screens of several tubes are combined into a single screen; in that -
case the screen of each tube is part of a single information field. It is
57
- FOR OFF'ICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Table 4.~+. Display formats
, Lines Characters Maximum number
Model Format per per of indicators
number code frame line connected to
control unit
1 00 12 80 4
2 oi 6 80 8
3 1o i2 ~+0 8
4 il 6 4o i6
natural ~chat the devices for control af such display systems are incompar-
ably more carnplex than the corresponding device of the indicator for indi- .
vidual use. An advanta~e of displays based on cathode-rqy tubes is the _
possibility of programmed change of the formats of displqyed information,
. and also the assignment of a set of conventional symbols, which is needed
for a given specific system.
- Display panels composed of a large number of special elements of various
sizes which permit lighting any digit from 0 to 9 are also intended for
collective use. Electroluminescent indicators, digital incandescent ~
, lamps, digi~.~l thyratron in~.icators, etc, are used as them. The size of ~
the element and brightness of the luminescence determine the distance from
which work with the display panel is possible, and the number of them--the
size of the panel itself. The lines and columns of such a display are
designated in advance. This circumstance, and also the fact that on such
a display panel it is possible to display only digital information, re-
_ quires that they usually be used only as auxiliary means of displ~y, sup- ,
plementing screen informaticn.
Also widely used at facilities with ASU are print3ng and graphic documen- ;
tation equipment. Besides electrical printers, which automatical~y print ~
information issued by computers (the low working rate does not permit their !
use as the principal means of printing information, and only short messages
are usuaily issued on them), alphanumeric printers are used for the issu- '
ance of documents in a volume of severa~. hundred or more charact~rs, and
their speed is greater by two orders of magnitude than that of electrical.
printers. The principal technical characteristics of alphanumeric printers
- developed by the present time in accordance with the YeS EVM program are
_ presented in Table 4.6. Their high working speed is assured by line print-
ing. In an alphanumeric printer all characters of the next line, previous-
ly prepared and recorded in an appropriate place in the storage, are print- '
ed sizmaltaneously.
At the present time drum-type alphanumeric printers are mainly used, but
there also are otrer design solutions. To obtain higher speeds, chain-
type alphan~uneric printers, in which the type is arranged on a closed chain
that moves along the 1ine, are being developed. As in the drum-type print-
er, sma.ll hammers behind the paper brie~'ly press it against the correspond-
" ing type characters at the necessary time. It should be noted, however,
58
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ON;.Y
~
~ ~ g
o o
M w~-�~'tik~~o~ ~ $
O u~
�AZ ~az~g ~ ~ o ~ N o~ ~ ~ c'~+i
_ ~ ~ ~ ~ U~"~~~ ~ ~
~ ~ N ~o o ~-t ~ ~ ti m
N
zg~g cv
~,zaMpa N t~ N ll~ ~ t~f~ N ll~ N LL~
m
-f ~ o
au~T .zad ~ ~ v v ~ -
s.za~.oB,zat~ ~ ~
sau~T .~o ~ N ~ ~ ~ .
.zaqumN ~ m
uaaa~s uo
s.za~o~,zBu~ o 0
~o aaqumu o ~ g ~ `8~ g
~ N N N c'~1 ~ ~
- c~tat3 ~
8u~x,zoM ~ ~ ~ ~~p U~' ~
~ r-I c~l M N _
uuu 'az~s g g ~o $ ~o,~
uaaa~g N N ~ -
_ ~ .
~ o~ ~ ~ ~ ~
� ~ ~ ~n a ~ a ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
" x x ~ x ~a x
_ ~
A
N ~ O O O O
~
~ ~ Ul U] U2 U] U1 C!1
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~
U
1 ~
~ 'd 4-i O
U
~ ,cJ ~d N .I~ �r-I rl
~
- ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ o a~ ~d ~ o ~b ~ a
' ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
'J Fy ~-I~ U �rl U U L�r1 U
QI GU ~ �rl �rl �r{ CIJ �rI
- a a'~ a ~ a~i o~' � s~ a~ -
~ ~AO ~ a~
o~~ ~
~ a~ a ,d o w a~i ~
H ~ c~ a a~i p' a~ X a~i
W~+ U O A~�~ ~ zi W y+ ~
59 _
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
~
- FOA OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
0
~
~ o 0
o 8
~ N 3 N N l~ N
a O
ti
N ~ ~~p' ~ 8 ~ a No~p
~?C r-1 N rN-i r-I ~ r-I ~ ~?C II~
O y~
~0 lf~ O N ~ O ~ N O
- ~ x ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ Sk ~~o
A~ i-1 ~ N r-I rM-I N ri ~~-I ~
O O O O O O O
\O \O \O \O \O \O \O N O ~
a', ~ Lf1 O lf~ ~ L!~ ~ lt~ O tt~ ~ u1 W u\ N tf~
M c~ M f+'1 M (~'1 M
~ ~
N N
~ ~ O~O N I.f~ M t!~ lf~ M tf~ ~p
~ v i
_ N i
~ ~ N ~
U r-i CO a0 ~ rl N O O c'n
a ~ ~ ~ ~ � ~ ~ ~ ~
U
40 ~
~ o o ~ ~ g ~ ~ -
- ~ ~ o ~ g o ~
~ r~-I ~ ~0 L` N
N N
i~ 4i N f-~
N O ri ~ ~ ~ -
- N ,n ~ ~ o~ a0 ~O ~ ~ ~D ~ ~
~ ~ ~ -
~ x ao
~ -
~ ~ ~
~ y, ~
~ r~l ~ r~i~ c~n A ~ ~ A v~1 ~
,~,;;~p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U Pa U U U -
,r::9 a~ ~
A
~D
M m m ~ c~i') M M ~j
- ~N ~ ~ ti N N N CC~ N i
~ ~ ~ ?i
- 60
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
that tYle great speed of the chain-type alphanumeric printers (up to 2500
lines~minute) is achieved through considerable complication of the control
unit. Drum-type alphanumeric pri.nters, which have been well organized by
- industry and are produced in large quantities, still remain the main ASU
printirig devices. However, toge~her with the merits, most alphanumeric
printers have substantial ahortca~ings, poor reliability and a fairly high
noise level.
Figure 4.g. The
YeS-7054 plotter.
M~�. . .
The striving to get rid of the shortcomings led to the develo~ent ~f
- impactless printers: electrostatic, thermographic, ~et and magnetographic.
Impactless printers as a rule are less noisy than impact printers, and are
potentia].l,y more rapid. Their main merit is high reliability. Almost any
_ impactless printer can provide a mean time to failure an order of magnitude
larger than an impact printer. However, impactless printers require
special paper and many of them print characters in the form oP a matr3.x of
points (not alwasrs readily legible~ and almost all the devices make only
one copy of a document.
Graphic drawing devices (plotters) (Figure 4.9) used to construct graphs,
plans, maps, etc, are being widely introduced into p.ractice. The technical
characteristics of plotters developed in the YeS EVNi system are presented
in Table 4.7. Those devices are used for the direct output of graphic
information from computers and as a drawing device controlled by s,ymbols
read off punched tape.
61
FOR OFFICIAL USE QNLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOx OFFICIAL USE ONLY
5�5� Distribution of Ftiinctions Between Man and Technical Means of
- Automation ~
As already noted, an ASU includes three basic functionally connected
cl&sses of hardware for information transmission (channels), information
- processing (information co~puter centers), interaction of man with means
of information processing and trensmission (user stations, printers,
visuel displeys, etc).
This hardware is used in practically all stages of the activity of admin-
istrative agencies to solve completely determined problems.
In the process of collection of information about the state of a con-
trolled system the officials of an administrative organ are provided with
data on the situation and the state of subordinate facilities. In that
case, a complex of hardware is used to automate preparation for the input
and output of information in the system, its transmission via cott~nunication _
channels f-rom sources to users, the reception, accumulation, estimation of
reliability, systematization, continuity or periodic renewal of informa-
tion, the retrieval and collection of necessary data, their grouping in
- accordance with previously determined forms and issuance to the workplaces
of officials of the administrative orgaan in the Porm of alphanumeric ~
text, and also in graphic form on special displ0.Ys (display boards, screens, ~
light tables, etc).
In the stage of analysis of the aituation and the adopting of decisions on
questions, information is issued on the situation (the state of the envir-
onment in the controlled system), various reports and documents needed for
analysis, the solution of various com.putational problems in estimating the
possibilities of controlled facilities and forecasting the development of _
the situation.
In the process of planning the activity of a controlled system the offi- _
cials of administrative organs are provided with the results of the solu-
tion of problems connected with various stages and alternatives of plan- _
ning. In that case the following�are automated: preparations for the
input and output of starting data, the solution of information and compu-
tational problems, the documentation and issuance of the results of solu-
- tions of problems at workplaces and correction of the current plan.
By means of the system's hardware, various orders, directives, publications
and instructions are reported +,o executives, and the course and results of
~ execution of issued orders axe also operatively monitored.
Thus the activity of the cantrolling organ in an ASU is accomplished in
conditions of close interaction of man with system hardware (electronic
computers, communication channels, displ~}rs, etc). Therefore in an auto-
mated system enormous importance is acquired by the problem of rational
distribution of functions between mxn and machine, which arises in the
early stage of planning the system and remains urgent in all stages of its
62
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONE.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- creation. It is connected above a11 with estimation of the possibilities
of mt~n as a component part of the system and the limitations caused by its
inclusion in all the processes accomplished in an ASU. On how rationally .
the interaction of man and equi~ent has been organized the quality of
execution of tasks of control and the specific solutions w7.th respect to
the composition of the administrative organ will depend to a considerable
de~ee.
- The problem of the distribution of control ~anctions in an ASU is a complex
multilevel groblem. Its solution is connected vrith very import;ant questions
in the planning and creation of systems:
--the selection of indicators of the quality of functioning of "man-machine"
systems;
--substantiation of the rationa.l structure of the administrative organs;
--determination of the composition of the haxdware of specific facilities
- of a control system;
--investigation of the reliability of flinctioning of the "man-machine"
system.
The main content of the activity of personnel in an ASU consists in the
decision making procedure. Obviously that f~znct~.on in large-scale organi-
zational systems will always or at least in the foreseeable f~.iture remain
the exclusive right of man, as is stiptilated by the high degree of respon-
sibility of officials for the quality of adopted decisions. In addition,
the process of decision making involves a need for a creative approach to
the estimation of phenomena of reality, with capability of action in com-
plex conditions involving risk and indeterminancy. However, the possibil-
ity of formaliaing the creative activity of man and his heuristic capabil- .
ities is limited at the present time.
Analysis of the activity of the operative camposition of higher units of
the administration of various systems shows that the most labor-intensive
processes on which the main portion of working time is expended are data
collection and processing, the making of operative calculations and docu-
ment prepar~tion. At the same time, in its content the main part of that
work has a historical, technological character, is fairly easil.y forma.lized
and can be entrusted to the hardware. �
On the other hand, the unprecedented complication of organizational and
ftiznctional structures of controlled systems, caused by the rapid develop-
ment of science, technology and production, leads in turn to a steady com-
plication and increase of the variety of administrative tasks, excluding
the possibility of their solution by traditional "manual" methods. Under _
those conditions the necessary quality and required level of efficiency of
control are achieved b~r the use, directly in the sphere of practical lead-
ership, of modern mathematical methods of solving administrative problems
and of rapid computer technology.
The specifics of the activity of personnel of administrative organs (espe-
cially of higher links) consist in its removal from controlled facilities
and the impossibility of directly observing the state and conditions of
63
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040340050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
f~nctioning of executive elements of the system. Therefore in the process
of performance of the control ftiuictions the personnel of the administrative -
organ make use of images simulating them and an information model which is
realized in the ASU by means of variQUS equipanent for depiction in print.
The application of modern equipment and appropriate mathematical methods
means intensification of scientific methods of management. It permits
eliminating to a great degree the influence of the subjective factor on the
results of ~eneralization of operative information, substantially increases
the validit~ of adopted decisions, considerably curtails the total length -
of the managemerit cycle and puts the flow of documents in order.
r~ Automation of the administrative processes involves intellectualization of
the labor of people engaged in it; when purely mechanical processes of
information processing by hardware and increase of the relative time ex-
- penditures on the logical and analytical activity of administrative per-
sonnet durin~ a general shortening of the length of the administrative
cycle.
However, this does not at a11 mean that in the ASU it is necessary to en- ;
trust almost a11 functions to the equipment. The functions of control in I
the system "man-machine"are usually distributed in accordance with definite
- criteria reflectin~ both requirements presented for f~.inctional character- -
istics of ASU's and limi.tatxons on the level of a].lowable expenditur.es. The
selected distribution criteria must correspor:.l [51] to the essence of pro-
cesses taking place in an automated system, c~e~i:ructive features of problems
solved by man, and functions entrusted to the hardware, and also to take
into consideration the influence of engineering psychological facto~s on the
quality of performance of control funetions.
In the practice of planning automated information and control systems the
following scheme has formed for the solution of the problem of dist.ribution
of functions between people and hardware [9,51,54,90]; functions which
clearly lie beyond the limits of human possibilities must be entrusted to -
man; for functions the distributien of which is not self-evident, a so1.u-
tion is made, on the basis of the results of which a decision is made
regarding tYie best methods of solviiig a11 the functions not explicitly
allotted ta man or machine.
Thus the rational combination of the creative capabilities of man and the _
possibilities of modern means of data processing also constitutes ~he es-
sence of automated con~rol. Automation does not mi.nimize the role of man
in the control system; on the contrary, it leads to intensification of the
influence of management on the course and outcome of controlled processes,
as it leads to intellectualization of its labor and increase of the valid- _
ity of decisions and plans. -
. COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Sovetskoye radio", 1979
[ 1Eio-2174]
- 217~+
CSO: 1863 64
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040340050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
r
~ -
NEW USSR STANDARD FOR PUNCHED COMPUTER TAPE
~ Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 inside front
cover
- [DesGription of new USSR State Standard]
(Text] GOST 23415-79. Machines, computin~. Tape, paper with transport
perforations. General technical specifications. Standard elaborated for
the fir~t time, confirmed by resolution of the USSR STate Standards dated
12 Jan 79, valid from 1 Jan 80 to 1 Jan 85.
Goal of the elaboration is to establish types and sizes of paper tapes used
~
as infornation carriers in computer printers.
- The standard covers paper tape widely used in computer printers and gover~.~
- the types, basic d imensions of computers, rules of take-up, monitoring
methods, requirements for labelling, packaging and storage, and manufac-
turers' gGarantees; the development is based on the requirements of CMEA
Working S*andard 4393-74 (tape width 180-450 millimeters, diameter of
transport perforations 4 millimeters, spacing 12.7 millimeters).
Introduction of the standrd will permit the production of tape having
optimum dimensions and high quality for use in computers.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy uprav-
leniya", 1980 `
(402-8617]
CSO: 1863
65
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFP'ICIAI. USE ONLY
SOFTWARE
LIST OF SO~JI~`'~ A~TICLE;S DEALING WITH ALGORITHN~ AND PROGRANfi
Moscow ALGORITMY I FROGRAMMY in Russian No 7, 1980 pp 1-148
[Excerpts]
No 2456. Automation of glanning and experimental design work in computer
development. No l: Intravuz collection~Moscaw Institute of Electronic
Machine Building. Moscow, 1979, 190 pages. Contents: I
Pachkova, T. G., Skorodumova, I. M., and Sypchuk, P. P. The question of I
simulating the distribution of impurities in semiconductor structures,
pp 61-62;
Gonikhin, 0. D., and Mikhaylov, V. M. Distir~ctiye features of data bank
planning in an automated system for documentation management and prepara-
= tion ASVID [avtomatizirovannaya systema vedeniya i izgotovleniya dokumen-
tatsii], pp 87-89;
- Mironov, A. S., anc~ Mikha.ylov, B. M. PrinciplES of the orger.ization of
interaction and priority servicing in an ASVID, pp 90-92;
Kadiyev, A. R., Mikhaylov, B. M., and Sypchuk, P. Formation of docu-
ment structure in an ASVID, pp 93-96;
~
Zacharov, V. B., Naumo~va, N. I., an~. Sokolova, T. V. Planning of techno-
logical sections and lines with the use of simulating models, pp 97-103;
Sushchinskiy, I. M. Some problems in the use of computers to solve tasks
in organizing line production of radioelectronic de~rices, pp 104-113;
Kislitsin, V. A. Use os computers t�: organize the work of multi-ob~ect
continuous flow lines, pp 114-121;
Voskov, L. S., Kislitsin, V. I., and Sushchinskiy, I. M. The task of for-
mation of technolo~ical complexes, pp 122-125;
66
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Voskov, L. S., Soro!~in, A. V., and Sushchinskiy, I. M. Algorithm for
~letermination of the optimum composition of an assembl,y section during the
automated planning of processes of computer assembly and installation, pp
126-133;
Golubkin, V. N., Timo~eyev, V. V., and Konovalov, S. M. System of machine
analysis o� microprogram main line structures of computer equipment, pp
- 134-138;
Brekhov, 0. M., and Titov, S. M. Some questions of the synthesis o~ a ~
mul+isectional memory, pp 145-150;
Rachkova, T. G., Skorodumova, I. M., and Sypchuk, P. P. Approximation
program library in a machine planning system, pp 151-156;
Vashchilin, E. P., Sypchuk, P. P., and Shakula, Yu. P. Automation of the
- process of selecting the parameters of procedures of control of a data
- transmission circuit in computer netwo.rks, pp 157-163.
No 2~+62. Voronin, D. F. Main flznctions of primary and secondary indices
in the mul.tiaspect processing of data bases. VOPROSY RADIOELEKTROIVIKI,
- SERIYA ASU, ~97g, No 3, pp ~+2-50. Bibliography: 8 items.
Methods of data organization and control based on the introduction of
secondary indexing of the structure of data base units, for example,
records, are used ~or the effective multiaspect computer processing o~'
large data bases. By comparative analysis the main flinctions of primary
and secondary data base indices are revealed and the purposes of their
application are examined. A classification of inethods of secondary index-
ing is presented as a function of the methods of establishing correspond-
ence between the primary and secondary indices.
No 2604. Mamikov, A. G., Kosyachenko, S. A., Kul'ba, V. V., and Tsvirkun, -
A, D. Ad~ustment and experimental operation of ASU program complexes.
- Moscow, 1979, 78 pages. Institute of Control Problems. Bibliography: '
35 items.
Automation systems for the adjustment of algorithm complexes and FACES
programs, intended ~;o help in the writing, checking, modification and work
of a FORTRAN program; the PACE system of automation of adjustment plan-
ning, determination of a large number of tests and monitoring their pass-
age; interactive adjustment means of the HELPER sy:tem; the method of
planning and optimization of the process of ad,justment of ASU program com-
plexes on the ICL-~+-70 com~puter.
No 2638. Gal'perin, Yu. I., Ponomarov, Yu. N., and Sinitsyn, V. M. Some
algorithms for calculation of reference geophysical information along the -
67
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
. arbits of eerth satellites. Program directory KADR-2. Moscow, 1980, 41
pages + 7 sheet appendix. (USSR Acade~qy of Sciences, Institute of Space
Research, Preprint No Pr-545), Bibliography: 20 items.
The main components of a program directory unit and algorithms on the basis
of which those units were created are described. Also described are addi-
tional program versions convenient for a single experircent with use of a
limited set of principal parameters and the addition of new principles for
inclusion of KADR-2 in the ARKAD bank program complex. Forms are presented
= for issuance of data for some versions of the KADR-2 program.
No 26~+g. Bodrova, L. D., Yegorov, A. A., Koshelev, V. S., et al. Complex
of pro~rams for analysis of the thermal regime of end cathode heating units
with cast and uncast heaters. ELEKTRONNAYA 'I'EKHNIKA. SERIYA l. ELEK`I'RON~'_~-
KA SVCh, 197g, No 12, pp 78-81. Bibliography: 4 iteins.
No 2738. Zisyutenko, G. V. Formalized request lan~uage for ASU data
bases. VOPROSY RADIOELEKTRO1VIitI, SERIYA ASU, 1979, No 3, pp 60-62.
Bibliography: 8 items. '
i
A formalized request language for ASU data bases for no-programmer users !
is presented, one reflecting the point of view of data as sets of concepts.
The language permits describing the meaning of questions in terms of con-
cepts, attributes and flanctions. 'Ihe classes of terms constituting the
lexicon of the formalized request language and request structures are ex-
amined. Examples demonstrating the application of f formal.ized request
language are presented.
No 2771. Shipovskaya, L. A., and Shishkin, V. I. Basic software of the
M-400 computer and the "Elektronika 100~161" dispatcY~er computer for their
coupling with the BESM-6. ELEKTRONNAYA TEKHNIKA. SERIYA l. ELEKTROIVIKA.
~ SVC;h, i97g, No 12, pp 77-78. Bibliography: it.ems.
~e basic software represents a set of extracodes accomplishing exchange
of standard information control unit bytes or control wo-rds, single mes-
sages, data arr~}rs with a length of 48 or 1056 bytes, within the framework
of a single exchange logic adopted in a complex mechanical planning system.
No 2772. No-rikova, L. D., Popov, M. I., Sidorov, G. I., et a1.. Automated
system for real-time processing of radar meteorological data by means of
the ASVT-M-3000 computer.~ Radiotekhnika: Republican Interdepartmental
Scientific and Technical Collection. Khar'kov Institute of Radioelectron-
ics, 19F30, No 52, pp 117-123. Bibliography: 6 items.
68
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
P. description is given of the technical realizatio:~ of a co~mznication
channel between an MRIS-2 and an M-3000 camputer, one which accomplishes
automatic pulsed processi;~g of echo signals. Block diagrams are presented
of programs for data input into computers and calculation of real- or
quasi-real time echo signal static characteristics.
No 2775. Girgor'yev, V. N., Guman, V. N., and Prigozhin, S. A. Organi-
zation of work with libraries and ~ob control on an M-4030 computer in
the ASVT DOS [modular system of computer technology disk operating sys-
tem]. Materials on Software, Leningrad, t979, 59 pa8es (USSR Academy of
Sciences, Physico-technical Institute, Preprint No 640). Bibliography:
3 items.
A modification of the JCS (Job Control System), the DOS ASVT, and organi-
- zation of library files on disks are described. Creation of the ~ob con-
trol macrolanguage permitted developing a complex of catalogued procedures
convenient fo~~ users.
No 2800. Kovalenko, V. V., and Polyarov, A. B. Com~puter calculation of
the noise factor of bipolar uhf transistors. ELEKTRONNAYA TEHI~TIKA.
- SERIYA 2. Semiconductor Instruments, 1979, No 1, pp 105-112. Biblio-
- ~aphy: 6 items.
The article describes an algorithm for calculation of the noise factor of
bipolar uhf transistor.s from their equivalent circuit for law-signal and
- primary noise parameters, implemented on a BESM-6 computer. Formulas are -
given for converting the primary noise parameters during connection to an
- internal four-pole of series imped.~nces and parallel admittances. The
program has a read-out time of several seconds.
No 2818. Duvakin, A. P. Estimate of the efficiency of the software ac-
companiment service. VOPROSY RADIOELEK'I'ROIVIKI. SERIYA EVT, 1970, No 10,
pp 38-46. Bibliography: 5 items.
No 2822. Kolochkov, Yu. M. Data processing sys-tem for tasks in material
~ resources control. VOPROSY RADIOELEKTROIVIKI. SERIYA ASU, 1970, No 3, pp
34-41. Bibliography: 3 items.
- The conception of system construction on a YeS electronic c~puter is pre-
sented, as axe specific criteria for work evaluation.
No 2831. Tsenilol, G. A. The question of the technolo~r of application
of the "KAMA" package of applied programs to create real-time systems.
VOPROSY RADIOELEKfiRO1VIKI. SERIYA EVT, 1979, No 10, pp 87-96. Biblio-
g.rapY~y: items.
- 69
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
No 283?. Constructioz of a raicrocomputer cross assembler on the basis of
YeS EVM Assembler macro-hardware, VOPROSY RADIOELEKTROiVIKI. SERIYA EVT,
1979, No 13, pp 91-g8. Bibliography: 6 items.
A simple method is given fo-r the creation of a cross-assembler of a 16-
digit electronic computer which utilizes maximally YeS_o~erating system
resources and possibil=ties.
No 2841. Aleksas~yan, I. T., Krivoshapko, V. M., and Romanov, A. A. Con-
struction of a model of parametric reliability of integrated circuits from
data on degradation of their characteristics and simulation of tests on a
computer. ELEKTRONNAYA TEKHIVIKA. SERIYA 3. Mil~oelektronika, 1979, No 1,
pp 15-=9. Biblio~raphy: 8 items.
A method is presented for estimating quantitative indicators of in~tegrated
circuit reliability. Machine tune expenditures on the YeS-1030 computer
for that stage of the degradation model is 3 hours, and for the stage of
test simulation is about 1.5 hours.
_ No 2873. Morev, V. A., Bol'shakov, S. A., G'hernen'kiy, S, B., and Spiri- '
donov, S. B. Investigation of algorithms for distribution of tasks to '
- computer centers in a centralized computer network on a simul.ator. VOPROSY
RADIOELTRONIKI. SERIYA EVT, 1979, No 10, pp 97-105. Bibliography: 1 item.
The siimzl.ator in the 3TAM~KLASS language is orientecl toward simulation of
complex computer systems and networks of computers with great ciimension-
ality.
No 2918. Kozlova, S. B., and Gaveyutina, N. M. Impravement of inethods of
- planning revenues in transport. Truc~y~Institute of Complex Transport Prob-
lems under the USSR Gosplan, 1979, No 75. Questions of Improvement of
P~lanning Methods a.nd the System of Transport Development Indicators, pp
120-130. Bibliography: 2 items.
On the basis of inethods used in ASF'RT creation algoritY~ms and pro~rams were
compiled for Wang mini-co~pu~ers for planning revenues of the ma,in operating
activity o~' rail, sea, river, truck and air transport. The algorithm for
solution of the problem for sea (coastal) and river transport is based on
report forms t~i'20 and RT20.
No 29~+~+. Mul+iprocessor computer systems (MVS ) with a covunon order flow.
Co]_lection o� articles. Institute of Control Problems. Moscow, 1978, 105
pages. Bibliography at end of articles.
The collection deals with the principles of MVS construction and describes
order and control systems, the organization of the computational process,
7G
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
including the elimination of duplication of group calculations, ordinary
differential equations, dynamic programmi.ng, statistical data proczssing
and mass service systems.
COPYRIGHT: Gosudarstvenn~y~a publichnaya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya bibliot~ka
SSSR (GPPTTS SSSR), 1980
[ 2~+-217~+]
2174
Cso: 1863
71
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
MORE SOVIET ARTICLES ON ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMS
Moscow ALGORITMY I Pt~OGRAMMY in Russian No 8, 1980 pp 1-122
[Excerpts]
No 29~+8. Autamated planning of discrete control devices. Institute o~'
Control Problems, USSR Acade~y of Sciences. Moscow, Nauka, 1970, 211 pages.
Bibliography at end of axticles . ~
I
The creation by the Snstitute of Control Problems in the il5SR of a"Displq}r- '
dialog system o� automa.tion of planning" and by the Central Institute o~
Cybernetics and Information Processes in the GDR of "System of computer
planning of discrete control devices" [RENDIS--original langua~e version
unkno~m] . Special langliages have been developed to describe algorithms of
the functioning of discrete devices and systems. ~
No 2g~+g. Bezhanova, M. M. Plarining specifications for packages of applied
programs. Novosibirsk, 1980, 45 pages. (USSR Acade~y of Sciences, Siberian
Department Computer Center Prepr int No 225). Bibliography: 30 items.
~ A measure of improvement of the quality of packa,ges of applied programs and
standardization of requirements for them. The meaning and allowable values
of the specifications are described. The fluictional characteristics and
technic~l.-system characteristics a~e a resu3,t csf the preliminary plan.
- No 2954. Gushin, 0. K., Gnesina, P. R., and Kalachev, A. S. Questions of
the organization of KAS FI system software. Moscow, 1970, 8 pages (USSR
- Acadeu~y of Sciences, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computation Tech-
niques, Preprint No 19).
The KASPI computer software has two parts: a permanent part with recording
in the r~egion of the carrier blocked by the equipment and a variable part
- --recording opened up by the equipment. The softwa.re occupies a volume of
about 5.5 Mbytes.
72
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
No 3029. Standardized COBOL. Minsk, 1980, 158 pages (YeS EVM Small Oper-
- ating system, Belorussian SSR Acade~y of Sciences, Scientific Research
Institute of Electronic Computers, No 23). Bibliography at eaa of artic?es.
Various aspects of the use of two st~tida~dized COBOL packages of applied
programs for disk operating systems and operating systems are discussed.
The packages contair. a translator and a program library connected with it
for a Russian variant of a standardized COBOL language.
~ No 31~+2. Interactive system of the Institute of Space Research, USSR Aca-
dem~y of Sciences. Anan'yev, A. V., Novosel'tsev, S. K., Orlov, I. G., and
Semchishena. Moscow, 1980, 39 pages (ilSSR A~ademty of Sciences, Institute
- of Space Research, Preprint No Pr-527). Bibliography: 4 items.
The syste. an expanded version of the 2.0-2.2 YeS disk operating system,
- which as~ ~ the execution of tasks in package regime in two YeS disk
operating system sections and access of users to YeS EVM resources from 10
subscriber points equipped with displays.
Nc 3143. Some general-purpose programs for the HP-g~3o calculator. Mos-
cow, 1980, ~+9 pages (Institute of Atomic Energy, Freprint No 3231/15).
- Bibliography: 3 items.
Programs are presen~ed in the SASIC language; construction oi gra.phs on
coordinate files stored in the ma.in memory--PLOT; read-out of draw3ngs
from the digital input device--DIGITIZER; remembering them on an external
carrier and in ar~y scale on a plotter--DIGITIZER-FLOTTER; construction of
space curves iri any projection--SPACE CURVE and construction of pro~eetions
of surfaces given by cooru.inate files--SPACE SURFACE, and two programs cal-
culat~ng the vAlues of the gamma-f~inction of any real argument and the
Bessel function of ar~y order of a positive argument.
No 3171. Yershov, V. A., and Irbenek, V. S. Two-stage layout algorithm.
Mo~cow, 1980, 17 pages (USSR Acaderqy of Sciences, Institute of Precision
Mechanics and Com7nzter Techniques, Preprint No 6). Bibliogr~phy: 4 items.
A complex of programs in the autocode of an instrumental electronic com-
puter for the layout and evaluation oP a circuit included in the KAS PI
- small operating system is described. ~ie program volume is about 2000
machine words.
No 3203. Bondar', A. Yu., ~Taf.s?r, B. Z., an~ Numerov, V. S. Organizatior.
o� the YARMO-BE;~M-6 translato.r. Moscow, 1980, 13 pages (USSR Acade~qy of
Sciences, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Techniques, Novo-
sibirsk, Pre~nrint No 9). Biblio~aphy: 3 items.
73
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
The translator consists of units for translation and the obtaining of an
_ ab~ect module. The translator programs are written in the first version
of tY~e YARMO language using translating tables.
No 3204. Bondar', A. Yu., Kurlyandchik, Ya. M., and Razgudin, V. B. Com-
ponent segmentation and interaction. Moscaw, 1980, 20 pages (USSR Acade~r{y
of Sciences, Inatitute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Techniques,
Novosibirsk branch, Preprint No l~+). Bibliography: 2 items.
Means of maintaining segmentation of the camplex Integral assure the fUnc-
tioning oP programs, the total size of which exceeds that of the addressed
- main memory of the BESM-6.
- No 3205. STayser, B. I., and G'heblakova, T. F. Retranslation of separate
units. Moscow, 1980, 20 pages (USSR Academy of Sciencea, Institute of Pre-
cision Mechanics and Computer T~chniques, Novosibirsk branch, Preprint No
- 12). Bibliography: 8 ite,ms.
A retranslator makes it possible, during the introduction of local changes .
into the text of a large program, to translate only a fragment of a program
affected by changes and to enter the composition of a translator with the
YARMO lariguage .
No 3210. Numerov, V. S., and Cheblakov, B. G, Realization of syntactically
controlled open substitutions. Moscow, 1980, 13 paBes (U5SR Acaderqy of Sci-
ences, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Techniques, Novosibirsk
- branch, Preprint No 11). Bibliography: 5 items.
No 3213. Tarasenko, L. G. Data-base control network-system. Moscarw, 1980,
16 pages (USSR Academpr of Sciences, Institute of Precision Mechanics and
Computer Techniquea, Novosibirsk branch, Preprint l~0 10). Bibliography:
3 ~.tems .
A data-ba.se control system network was realized within the framework of the
operating system of an E1'brus-1 apecial processor and the DISPAK operating
system of the BESM-6.
No 321~+. Ternovaya, N. P., and Cheblakav, B. C. Syntactic apparatus oP
a YARMO translator. Moscow, 1980, 27 pages (USSR AcadeYqy of Sciences,
Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Techniques, Novosibirsk.
branch, Prepx�int No 10 BibliograpY~y: 6 items .
~ 74
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOB OFFICIAL USE ONLY
No 3221. Kobelev, V. V., Fedorova, K. Ya., and Churinava, L. V. Operatiive
planning unit of the DZHIN interactive system. Moscaw, 1980, 24 pages
(USSR Academbr of Sciences Institute oP Precision Mechanics and Computer
Techniques, Pre~orint No 8~ . _
The DZHIN system for the BESM-6 works under control of the DISPAK operating
system in a disk variant to mon3tor the execution of decisions of
technical conferences.
No 3227. Kurlyandchik, Ya. M. File control systems. Moscow, 1980, 21
pages (USSR Academbr of Sciences, Institute of Precison Mechan3cs and Com-
puter Techniques, Preprint No 13). BibliograpY~y: 7 items.
A file control system is z�ealized in the forra of a module in the YARMO
language.
No 3229. Gurevich, V. L., Gol'dberg, S. I., and Pronin, I. A. Substanti-
ation of the selection of an algorit~hm for recognition of the character of
brain insult. Truc~y of Moscaw Nfedical Institute II, 1980, Vol 136. Medical
and Biological Cybernetics. Problems of Remote Difsgnosis and Remote Pro-
cessing of Medical Information, No 5, pP 53-57� Bibliography: 2 items.
No 3236. Questions of the creation of automated control systems ~~r plan-
- ning calculations. Collection oP scientific wa~rks. (USSR Gosplan, Main
_ Co�nputer Center, No 31. Software of the second auf,om~ted control syatem
for plann3ng calculations (ASPR) li.ne. Moscaw, 1979, 14?_ pages. Contents.
Kovalevich, E. V., Tsagel'skiy, V. I., and Chuprigina, L. T. Possibilities
and prospects of development of the YeS EVM operating system, trp 3-21;
Kovalevich, E. V., Kozlovskaya, Ye. A., and CYiuprigina, L. T. Means of time
sh aring in a YeS operating system, pp 22-2b;
Brich, Z. S., et al. FORZ'RAN language prograrmning system for time-shaxing
regime, pp 27-32;
Brich, Z. S., Itkina, 0. G., and Tsagel'skiy, V. I. Interactive acl~justment
of program in FORTRAN, pp 33-37;
Bykova, V. P., et al. Programming system based on the state standard of the
COBOL language, pp 38-~+;
Skripnikova, V. M., and Fel'dman, L. S. Interactive aci~justment of progrem
in COBOL, pp 45-47;
Isayeva, N. S., Sukhikh, L. P., and Shiller, F. F. Some questions of the
prep~ration for use and operation of tY~e Ye5 EVM operating system in the
USSR Gosplan Main Computer Center~ pp 48-51;
75
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL IISE ONLY
Plyasuke, Yu. A. Operation of the UniPied System operating system in the
organization of work in the Eatonian SSR Gosplan Compu~er~Ce~s~er, pp 52-5~+3
Borimechkov, M. R., Burov, N. L., and Labutina, V. V. System of recards
of YeS EVM resources, pp 55-56;
Antoshin, V. N. Improvement of the record of Ye3 EStM~ use, ::}~p ~ 57-62;
Burov, N. L., et al. Module file management system, pp 63-69;
Labutina, V. V. Service pro~ams, pp 70-7~+;
Gemu, A. K., et al. Data processing means of the "Ekonomist--YeS operating
system," ~rp 75-91;
Garin, I. V. One approach to data proceasing in economic planning calcula-
tions, pp 116-132;
Makhmudov, S. Ya., Stepar~yants, G. A., and Byal'skiy, M. A. Application of
the method of integral programming in planning a ec~anplex of ASPR hardware, ~
pp 133-137. ~
Materials of the seminar "Questions of YeS operating system use in the com- ~
puter center system;" held at Minsk, are presented.
No 33~+7. Package of programs for process control computer complexes,
problem-oriented toward economic applications, based on the SM-3 and SM-~+
(PEKO SM EVM) on the basis of the Sma11 Computer Disk Operating System:
Brief description of application~Sayuzsi$temprom. "Tsentroprograa~sistem"
Scientific and Production Association, Ka].inin, 1980, 8 pages (Industrial
Methods of ASU Creation).
The article describes a package of SM EVM for proceseing small volumes of
~ information of an economic character in the form of linear filea with
recordings o~ fixed data.
No 3348� Structural organization of SM EVM processors and comput~r complex-
es. Moscow, 197g, 126 pages (Trudy~Institute o~ Elec~ronic Control Machines,
No 77). Bibliography at end oP articles.
No 3353. Tarasenko, L. G., and Yantsen, V. I. Files and archives in an
operating system. Moscaw, 1980, 20 pages (Inatitute of Precision M~echanics
and Computer Techniques, Novosibirsk, Preprint No 16). Bibliography:
items.
A system of files and archives within the i~amework of the operating system
of the special processor of an El'brus-1 MVK and a modular ope~ating s~stem
76
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOP. OFFICIAL USE ONLY
for the BESM-6 computer ia intended for organizatton of the work of users
with information arranged on externel atores (magnetic druma, disks ar
tapes).
No 3354. Tsang, F. R. Operat3ng system of the speciel procesaor of the
E1}brus-1 MVK. Nlpsco~w, 1980, 27 pages. (USSR Acadea~y of Sciences, Insti-
tute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Techniques, Preprint No 15).
Bibliegraphy: 6 items.
A speciel processor assures compatability of the E1'brus-1 MVK and the
BESM-6 computer by passing to the MVK programs on e B~SM-6 in an tmprivi-
leged regime. The special processor of the operetirig system assures the
required compatability by identical interpretation of extre~cod,es.
COPYRIGHT: Gosudarstvennaya pablichnaya nauchno-tekhnichesk~ya biblioteka
SSSR (GF'NTS 3SSR), 1980
[ ~14-217~+]
2~74
Cso: 1863
.
7i
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 003:(744.4.~01.2:681.3)
~NONIUS' LANGUAGE FOR INPUT AND EDITING OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 pp 11-13
[Excerpts from article by B. M. Bogdanov, dr. of technical sciences and N.
M. Ovchinnikov] -
- [Excerpts) Several input 1nagUages have been deen developed which per~it
graphic information (GI) to be descrbied in the form of a text which is then
translated by the tzanslator into some internal representation [1]. ~
Attempts have 3iso been made to design GI input and editing languages using ~
graphic displays [2-7]. '
Current languages and methods of GI which permit description of Gr with the
_ aid ~.E graphic displays have three basic shortcomings: the hierarchy of
image elements is not developed, the accuracy of element position
� indication on the screen and the set of inatructions are inadequate.
"Nonius" language is free from these shortcomings.
- "Nonius" language has been realized and successfully used since 1974 in the
operating system of automated designer work sites (8J based on the
- "Elektronika-100/n" computer and UGD-43-1 graphic display in SAPR of garts
of machine construction profile and m~sltiple layer printing plates.
Computer capacity of the "Elektronika-100/n" minicomputer has not yet
permitted realization of the operations of the group of refining con-
versions; since the UGD-43-1 display lacks a circle generator, the basic
concepts da not include th~ element "arc".
When the language is realized on larger computers, especially on SM
computers, these shortcomings can easily be eliminated.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy uprav-
leniya", 1980 _
[402-8617]
CSO: 1863
78
FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 55.A12.122:681.34
CONVEX BLOCK PROGRAMMING IN HYBRID COMPUTER SYSTEMS
M~oscow AVTOMATIKA I TELEMEKHANIKA in Ruseian No 8, 1980 pp 142-150
,(_Article by N. A. Karpinskaya (Koacow) :"Solving the Prablem of Convex
Block Programming in a Hybrid Computer System"/
LExcerpts/ An algorithm for solving problems of canvex
_ block programming in hybrid computer eyateme is proposed.
The method ie checked in problems of acheduling in petro-
leum refining.
1. ?ntroduction
The majority of problems of optimum planning are formul,ated as probleins of
" mathematical programming, the solut~.on of which with a sufficient degree of
accuracy often makes it possible to obtain a significant economic impact.
Many problems of the optimum preparation of petroleum products are re duced
mathematically to problems of convex block programming. These probZema,
particular?y the problema of scheauling, are characterized by a large num-
ber of similar blocks (20-40) and a large overall dimension of the problem
(250 X 150) .
It is well known that on an analog computer it is possible to solve complex
- nonlinear problems of optimization with sufficient accuracy, but the dimen-
sion of the problems being solved ia limited. When solving such problems
~ on an analog camputer a gain in solution time is obtained as compared with
a dfgiL�al computer.
I:ybrid computer systems (GVS's) are made ug to a higli-speed digital com-
puter, an analog computer of improved accuracy and a device for the high-
- speed exchange of data between the digital computer and the analog comput-
-s er. In this connection the study of the possibility of sclving in hybrid
computer ~ystems problems of convex block programming of a large ove rall
- diraension, but with a small block dimension, is of great interest. The
~ problem of scheduling is one oE t,he problems whi: h ean be effectively
solved in hybrid computer systems.
~ 79
~ FOR QFFICIAL USE ONLY
. ~
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
4. The Solution of the Problem of Scheduling on the GVS-100
The prograsn of the solution ~f the problem was written in Fortran and .
Autocode. Each part of the program wa~^ drawn up as a separate subprogram.
Therefore it is poasible, without changing the entire program, to replace ~
individual parte. Such a need may ariae, if the structure of the problem
ia partially changed, for example, the structure of the overall block or
the method of solution is changed, in particular the solution of the block
might be found on a digital computer or by another method on an analog
computer. Then it is possible to insert in place of the existing program
a new program with the same input and output parameters.
A solution was made for a block measuring 6X5. There were four such
blocks in each calendar ~eriod (four brands of gasoline), three calendar
periods were ~xamined. The overall dimension of the problem is 72 X 204.
One of the examined blocks is cited below as an example.
/21-7807/
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Avtomatika i telemekhanika", 1980
i
i _
~ao~ !
- CSO: 1863
80
~ FOR OFFICT_AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
USES FOR PROGRAM OPTIMIZATION .
Moscow PROGRAMMIROVANIYE in Russia.m.No 2,~1980`pp 27-31 ~
[Article by V. N. Kas'yanov and I. V. Pottosin: "The Technological Posai-
bilities of Program Optimization"]
[T~xt] This paper considera the possibility of using the techniques of
program optimization for technological purposes at all stages in the life
of a program from its automated design to the generation of program documen-
tation and modifications during maintenance.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the exiating
methods and techniques of program optimization can be uaed in tl?a technology
of the creation of program production (this has already bee:~ ~artially dis- '
cussed in [1-3]). In this discuasion, we assume that the problem of tech-
nological pxogram tools is one of the most important problems in the suto- _
mation of programmi,ng technology. This is discussed [4]. _
The typical domain in which program optimization is used is translation, in ~
the process of which a fl~,w-chart analysis of the tra~slated programs is
performed and the results used either for an efficiency-oriented realiza-
tion of the supplementary semantics of the program design, or for improve-
ment of the algorithw represented. Floia-chart analysis of the program, as
distinguished from translation (syntactic and semantic) analysis, ie uuder-
atood to mean analysis of the flow of control and data in exec:utions, which
are determined by the text of the translated program,:wi~th t~e purpose of
obtaining reliable information about the behav~or of the program for the
whole set of initial data. The aptimiaing conversior.s applied during trans-
- lation (as distinguisl~ed fram the trans].ation conversions which are related _
- to the tranelation per ae, i.~., to changes in language level and thus muet
retain in ita eatirety the semantics of the program de~igns) are oriented
toward retaining the meaning of the program as a whole and always alter
loeal aemantics.
The techn~logical role cf an optimizing translator in increasing the effi-
ciency of program~~ is well-k.zown. Here we will try to show that the methods
of program optimizatien being developed possess additional potential capacity
- ~ 81
' FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY -
, '
i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
and can also be used not only for increasing efficiency but also for increas- -
ing the reliability, readability and comprehensibility of programs, i.e.,
can be used for technological purposes at virtually all stages of the life
of a program--from its automated design to the creation of program documenta-
tion and modifications during maintenance. -
Thia additional potential capacity follows from the fact that the flow chart
analysis of programs gives rise to certain atatements about the program, its -
aegments and features of the data, while the conversion of programs has as
its real purpose, not the efficiency of the program per se (a criterion which
ia met at the level of maintenance), but the achievement of certain techno-
logical features of the program, its segments and data. Here, while analyz-
ing or converting a program, we are dealing not only with a text frequently
reflecting algorithmic operationa (the program per se), but also with a sys- -
tem of atatements which accompany the program, which reflect the character-
istics and features of the values of the data and the execution of program
segments. We can speak of a system composed of the program text per =.z and
the annotati~n related to its segments--i.e., the annotated program [3],
- which is considered in optimization as a single whole, as the argument and
result of optimization. ~
~
_ We will consider the concrc_e possibilities for using optimization methoda i
- and techniques at various Lechnological stages of the generation and life of
programs. In particular we will consider how the relationahip between .
- ~ptimization techniques and annotated programs as urell as the capacity of
optimization methods to yield reli2ble information about the behavior of -
programs and to generate programs with given characteristics, create the
preconditions for using accumulated experience in program opCimization to
obtain statements about the program (for testing, debugging and documenta-
tion) and to create program texts (for automated design, modifications and
conversion).
1. The design of the program text. We will use the term program text to
mean the visible and underetan~iable text, as di~tinguished from the internal
(machine) text, which is directly executed. In oth~r words, we relate the
term "program text" with the text of the program in programmi~g language and
will assume that this text is converted into an executab~e one automatically.
The role of optimizati~n in such a conversion 3-s obwioug and traditional.
The program text, as a rule, is constructed by i~and, although there are a
number of technological tools, for~partically automating this process--
editora, macrogeneratars, etc. Technological tools have been d~~eloped
which make it possible to a aignificant degree, to automate th~ ;:reation of _
program texts--converter~, which translate a text from one programming
language to another (for example, in converters of ALGOL-60 to PL/1 and
_ ALGOL-68), concretizors which convert texts within a single programming _
language [5], synthesizers whicr create a program text to meet specif iea- _
tions--preprocessors for ~nplied program packa~es (for example, [6]). In ~
the future, the use of such devices and tools will grow materially and, to
- a significant extent, will aid in automating the process of creati^Q program
82
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
, FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ texts. In addition it is evident that if the methods and techniques of
optimization are made organic parts of these tools, this will increase their
efficiency and broaden the range of possibilities for their use. The use
of optimization in convertors is completely analogous to its use in tradi-
tional translators (since convertors can be considered a special case of
translators). We note only the necess~.ty for using flow-chart analysis in
. convertors as a mixed strategy in a translation whose purpose is to elimi-
nate redundancies connected with either the level of di~play devices or
- the universality of the source material.. The functions of concretizors
essentially involve optimizing conversions of the program text. However
exis.ting concretizors (and in particular [5]) transform the program text
only by el i~i.natir}g 'redundanc~.es ta111ch c],~jcly;:~.x~.s~.i 3~~t~& :t~~t-,. ~y by
reducing the program [2]. The reduction of a program may, nonetheless, turn
' out to be a very effective process in assembling a program text from seg-
ments or subprogtams [2]. The process of reduction involves the sequential
conatruction of certain annotations which are used for the convereion of
tne program text. This technique naturally makes expansion possible because
of the inclusion in the source program text of the initial annotatione of
this type, which are used in the generation of the following annotations and
thus participate in the generation of the resulting annotated program. A
concretizor in such a case becomes a tool for the creation of a program
text from a source with given asaumptions about the source data, the behavior
of the program or its individual segments etc. These assumptions can be
made either directly by the programmer or can be constructed in some auto-
mated way from a kno~n context for program use, formulated external speci-
fications etc.
Because of the variety of types of synthesizers, a portion of them (at any
rate, according to the way optimization methods and techniques are used)
may be considered to be ronvertors, and a portion concretizors. It is
essentlal to note that one of the tasks of the synthesizor may be the syn-
thesis of annotations from their specification in terms of the problem domain.
2. Verification and debugging. We will relate the term debugging to the
dynamic checking of certain sets of i.nitial data ~test sets). By v~rifica-
tion we mean the checking of the correctness of the program on the hasis of
the program text.
~ Th= extent to which a program is checked during debugging depends materially
on the number of test sets. One ma.y speak about the completeness of test
sets in relation to the extent to which the executions for these sets
- realize all the possible transitions in the program. It is obvious that for
the automated construction of complete or nearly complete sets one can use
the methods of flow-chart analysis of test programs. Flow-chart analysis
can yield some means for constructing the sets for sel,ective testing, based
on certain aelected features of the executions (passing given points of
the program, work with given ob~ects etc.)
- 83
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONZY
s
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
~
r'UK Ur~r't(:lAL US~: UNLY
- The ideas which are being developed now for using a symbolic er,ecution for
checking programs, can be applied to the generalization of symbolic execu-
tion to all possible executions or to a given set of them. The results of -
symbolic executions themselves can be used an annotations accompan}�ing the
program text.
Syntactic and semantic analysis, which is performed during translation,
makes it possible to loca~e syntax and semantic errors. Moreover, a por-
tion of the semantic errors are revealed only on execution and in such
cases the resulting text may contain a special sign to signal that there is
an error. This type of check may be reflected through special annotations,
which, if contradicted, indicate that the semantics have been violated. It =
is well known that optimization may reveal a number of substantive errors
which also have their corresponding special type of annotation. The deveop-
ment of this methodology for obtaining special verif ication annotations
indicates that the use of optimization methods and techniques with programs
(including annotated programs) can reveal a rather broad class of contra-
dictions whi.ch are indicative of errors [1].
Contemporary technology for automatic checking of the correctness of a
program is based on the introduction of statements and invariants, which in
essence represent annotations, containing, as a rule, deeper and more exhaus- ,
tive information about the features of the entities and segments of a program. I
The fact that this approach corresponds to a consideration of annotated ~
programs during optimization makes it possib~le to combine optimization
techiques with techniques for checking the correctness of programs, for the
purpose of optimization itself, as well as for verif ication.
_ 3. Documentation.. Among the tasks of documentation are the tasks of making
clear the information processing/logical structure of tre program and the
task of providing the program segments with comments. The information pro-
cessing/logical structure of the pragram is represented as a hierarchy of
included segtnents with an indication of the control relationships within a
segment and the flow of information through each segment including the
input and output data for each. A HIPO-diagram is an example of such _
representation. Moreover, one of the main tasks of flow-chart analysis is
- precisely the idenitification of such a hierarchy, and also of the infor-
mation-pzocessing and control connectioas. For the purposes of documenta-
tion it is enough to explicitly present the flow-chart analysis of the -
informa.tion-processing/logical structure obtain~d. Other information-
processing/logical rela~ionships, used in documentation, as, for example,
- cross reference, can be obtained on the basis of the methods of flow-chart
analysis.
1 Commei�~ts in the program are to a significant extent analogous to at~notations.
The meaning of the invariants in a loop, for example, are important for
purposes of documentation. Including the annotations obtained on the
basis of optimization methods and techniques in a progr~m, increases the
aegree of self-documentation iii a program. _
84 -
, FOR OFFICIAL USE OiVLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
We note that the optimizatioa process can involve an altereation of the
program's information-processing/logical structure in a direction useful
for documentation, chiefly by regularization of the program structure,
including the elimination of superfluous jumps, multiple entries ir_to a
loop, etc. which de~ract from the clarity of operation, and also locating
common subsegments, improving the compreheusiblity of the important infor-
mation processing rel.ationshipa-partition of t?ia demain~ of operation, altera-
tion of the data structure atc.
4. Maintenance. Maintenance of the program is related to its evolution,
and with alterations and modifications of the program under the influence
of actual experience in using it. The modified versions of a program
which are generated in the course of evolution require that the documenta-
tion and test sets be modified. This can be accomplished by the optimiza-
tion methods referred to above.
One of the trends in the evolution of a program is its adaptation to the
~ typical user. This is accomplished through the concretization indicated
above.
Optimization techniques make it possible to increase the reliability of the
changes introduced ~~ato a program by means of indicating, for each change,
the information processing/logical relationships affected by it. The
evolution of a program as a system ~ay lead to the appearance of new program
units, or the merging or decomposition of old ones. All this of necessity
requires a new structure and the reconstruction of the annotated program
- text of the units affected. This can be accomplished automatically on
_ the basis of optimization technology.
5. Technical planning. At the present time there are virtually no program
tools for the technical planning stage (with the possible exception of
simple text editors). However, the necessity for automating the checking
and co-ordinating of solutions.involti�ed in technical planning has long been
realized. It seems obvi~us that flow-chart analysis may be effectively -
used for checking the agreement of the external specifications for the units
- of a program system, of the interf aces of these units and for automating the
construction or refinement of the external specifications for new program
units, for visual representation of the general information processing/
logical structure of the whole program system and its study.
Creating a program system may substantially increase the reliability of
the stage by stage development of the units of a program system, which
express the relationships among the existing elements and those which are -
only specif ied through annotation (in the future these annotations may be
used to automatically generate checks on coordin~tion with the context of
use, whtch may be disrupted in the course of optimizing transformations).
85
FOR OFFICL:L USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
rvi~ va�i�t~.ina. uJi. vivLi
References ~
1. V. N. Kasyanov, I. V. Pottosin. Application of optimization techniques
to correctness problems.--Constructing Quality Software (Proc. IFIP
Work. Conf North-Holland Pub. Co., 1978.
2. I. V. Pottosin. On the role and methods of program optimization.--
Collec t: Perspectives of Development in Systems and Theoretical
Programming in Novosibirsk, VTs SO AN SSR tComputer Center of the
Siberian D ivision of the USSR Academy Sciences), 1978.
3. V. N. Ka~`yanov. A practi~al approach to program optimization.--
Preprint No. 135. Novosibirsk, VTs SO AN SSR, 1978.
4. V. M. Glushkov, I. V. Vel'bitskiy. Programming technology and
problema of automation.--Control systems and machines, 1976, No 6, 75.
_ 5. P. B. Schneck, E. Angel. A. Fortran to. Fortran optimizing Compiler.--
The Comput er J., 1973, 16, No. 4.
6. D. Smith. GPL/1--a PL/1 extension for computer graphics. AFIPS Conf.
Proc., Spr ing Joint Comp. Conf., 1971, 39, 511. ~
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Programmirovaniye", 1980 =
[8044 /0004I1-92 85 ]
[
9285
CS 0: 8044 /OOa4D
86
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FCR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPLICATIONS
~
UDC 681.3.008:65.015.2.003.13
STANDAftDS OF TIME CONSUMPTION AND FEES FOR SERVICES OF COM-
PUTER CENTERS
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 pp 38-40
[Excerpts from article by V. I. Maksimenko, V. M. Simchera and Ye. P.
Luk'yanov]
[ExcerptsJ A great deal of experience has been gained in the USSR in the use
of computers to solve various problems of accounting, planning and control. The
~ foundatians were laid back in the 8th Five-Year Plan when more than 400 ASU
were introduced in the country. Sinee then 3,100 ASU and more than 3,000
computer centers (VTs) of various purpose have been put into operation. Today
- the distinetive feature is that automated systems in addition to mass systems
solve important, unique problems of optimum planning and ca:!tr~~l.
In converting operating VTs to cost accounting (toc~ay more than 1/3 of operating
VTs are aperating th~ ~s),enlarging the list of services and expanding the practice
_ of computer user queueing, the solution of this important pr~blem takes on
particular significance. -
Nowadays, we feel, the need has ripened for elaboration of standardized
USSR-wide fees for VTs services to provide identical con~itions of efficient
operation of all in.formation services, regardless of their status, nature of
~ activities and agency affiliation. For each kind of operation and service, costs
and fees should be established on the basis of average expenditures throughout
the country for their execution.
The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Organization and
Control developed and submitted a plan "Unified classification of work and
services of ASU and VTs". According to the plan, al: work and services of ASU
i and VTs are subdivided into 10 groups (services according to pre-plan service of
ASU and VTs; formulation and formalization of jobs; collection, processing,
storage and transmission of data; information and programming support of VTs;
technical maintenance and repair of hardware; leasing; services for personnel
training, etc.), in the framework of each of which 10 to 1~ specific kinds of
services are spelled out. The elassifier contains a total of more than 100
different operF.iions and services.
The leading organization in elaboration of fees and prices for computer
operations is the All-Union Scientific Research I~stitute of Problems of
Organization r~.nd Control, which has been called upon to concentratior~ the
87
' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
efforts of leadin VTs and NII on comprehensive solution of these questions based
or~ elaboration o~ a standard classifier of computer operations and services and
standardized norms of execution.
Until completion of this work, it is necessary to establish a temporary price list -
of standardized fees for services of VTs. The USSR State Committee of Prices
put into effect a new price list in place of the efPective one used for the past
two years in which it contains both standardized payments for machine hours by
- type (seven tyQes), discounts and surcharges for additional services (seven types).
The new price list is being sent out to all VTs, regardless of the nature of their
work and agency affiliation, as well as to other organizations having and
operating computers on the same basis. In contrast to the previous price list,
the following separate payment schedule for computer time has been adopted:
Computer type fee for machine hour acco~ding to pr.ice
list, in rubles -
_ 1977 1979
"Minsk-22", "Ural-14" 30 3
"Ural-16", M-222 35 35
_ "Minsk~32", M-6000 35 35 ;
(third configuration) `
YeS-1020 80 70 i
M-4030 85
YeS-1022 85 85 .
YeS-1030 90 85
YeS-1033 100 90
YeS-1040 200 110
BESM-6 100 100
. The rates are established ~n the basis of average sector expenditures related to -
the numbsr of personnel for technical maintenance of computers and operation
of standard mathematical support (MO), depreciation of hardware and plant,
- expenditures for materials, electrical energy, number and leasing of VTs
buildings, social security deductions, administrative and other expenses per
machine hour of useful eomputer time. -
Useful machine hours of computer time implies activities of the VTs operator in
ca:: ;~ing out calculations in user programs with standard MO and technical
maintenance of all VTs devices, as w~ell as work on mathematical and -
information software for the jobs. Useful time ineludes computer malPunetons
due to the user.
88
FOR OFFICI~L USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR 0~'FICIAL USE ONLY
Calculations between the VTs and the user are done according to the indicated
fees based on the completed work document which is drawn up according to
entries in the computer operation accounting journal. In automatic recording of _
computer operations, provided by a special program, calculations are done on the -
basis of data on the output forms. The user transmits the necessary information
for calculations to the VTs on computer media.
- The fees of the price list are calculated on the basis of the standards of average
daily computer load approved by USSR State Planning and the USSR Central
Statistical Admin:stration. Calculations took account of the use of the total
c~mputer complex of each type in conformity with the configuration envisaged -
by the price list "Wholesale prices for computer hardware" and additional price
lines.
If necessary, when solution of a problem : equires the use of additional devices
(more than the configuration envisao~ed by said price list), the cost per
machine-hour is increased based on the specific cost of the additional devices
employed. The same thing occurs when the user receives additional services.
The price list provides the following add-ons and discounts for the cost of a
machine-hour of the basic computer configuration.
1.
1. Content and servicing of mathematical and information support of the
user including complete technical care of mathematical and information support _
of his jobs, storage in the VTs on computer media: add 5 percent.
2. Expansion of standard VIn, access to systems libraries and applied
program packages of the VTs o~ ~eration under control of the main operating
system: add 5 percent.
3. Execution of urgent work: calculations completed within 24 h~.urs: add -
two percent; calculations and print o~it during the day (fr~m 8 am tc~ 7 pm on
the same day as delivery of data): add five percent; the same thing at night:
discount 15 percent.
4. Remote processing of data from rerminals (user stations) by means of _
open access of users to MO and ~ata transmission control devices: on a
previously agreed schedule: add 10 percent; with free access to computer
resources: add 15 percent.
Payment for computer center services not envisaged by the current price list or
rendering of VTs services outfitted with imported computers is done according
to fees calculated based on the planned cost and profitability, not to exceed 15
percent. If the cornputer center is operating in the multiprogram mode,
calculations with users are done upon request.
Finally, the proposed price list is a temporary measure which KTili hardly solve -
all the problems related to the operation of VTs and ASU and calcualtions with
users.
, COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pribory i sistemy
upravleniya", 1980
[402-8617]
- 8617 89
CSU: 1E63
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
SPBCIAL RULES FOR DELIVERY OF COMPUTER EQUiPMENT REVIEWED
rioscow BYULLETEN' NORMATIVNYKIi AKTOV MINISTERSTV I VEDOMOSTEY SSSR in ,
Russian No 4, 1980 pp 36-42
[Enactment: "Special Conditions for Delivery of Instr~ent Making Pro-
ducta"]
[Excerpts] These Special Conditions were ratified by dPcree No 5/33 ~
of 29 April 1971 of USSR Gossnab and the State Co~ittee for Arbritra- i
tion of the USSR Council of Ministers (with supplements and amendments .
made by decrees No 48/57 of 21 August 1972 and No 28/8 of 8 May 1979 ~
by USSR Gossnab and the USSR State Co~ittee for Arbritration.
I. General Points
1. The preaent Special Conditions envision special features in the
delivery of instrament making products by central allocation.
2. These Special Conditions apply to the delivery of the following:
a instruments for monitor ing thermal energy processes;
b. general-use electrical measuring instruments;
c, inatruments and machine s for testing materials and
measuring aizes and time;
d. geophysical, hydrometeorological, and geological
� exploration instr~unents ;
e. computers, office equipment, and remote control
equipment;
f. glaes and porcelain ins truments, apparatus, and diahes
- for chemical laborator ies;
g, spare parts for the above articles,
90
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
IV. Special Features of the Delivery of Electronic
Computing and Controlling Machine~
11. If other procedures and times are not established for the parties
= by mandatory rules or by contract, the supplier at the time of shipping
the machinery must send the recipient (purchaser) the plant certificates _
of the machinery, instructiona on installation, and a copy of the af-
fadavit of acceptance of the machinery by the supp~ier's quality con-
trol department.
12. At the time that the machine is received the recipient (purchaser),
following technical specifications, must have qualified service person- ,
nel who have studied the machine and gone through special training at _
the supplier enterprise. For study of the machine and on-the-job
training in debugging it the recipient (purchaser) sends engineers _
and mechanics who have specialized in computer technology on special
j assignment to the supplier enterprise (when it calls for them).
These representatives of the recipient (purchaser), as part of their
training, participate directly in debugging the machine at the supplier
enterprise. `
Before the delivery date of the machinery arrives the recipient (pur-
chaser) muet prepare a special a:ea to house it. The area must be -
equipped according to technical specifications and the contract.
13. Uniess otherwise envisioned by contract or rules that are man-
datory for the parties, the machinery ie installed by the recipient
(purchaser). Where necessary, the supplier provides a chief of instal-
lation of the machinery under contract conditions.
14. If the machinery is installed by the supplier, the recipient
chaser) muat accept the arriving machines from the transportation or-
ganization and store them in its own facilities, in conformity with
technical apecifications, and at its own cost until installation begins. _
15. Large electronic computing and controlling ma.chines and computing
syatema (complexes) which must be teated at the production site cf the
recipient (purchaser) are installed (assembled) by the supplier and
turned over to the recipient (purchaser) at his site. In this case
the cost of installation (assembly) is paid by the recipient in the
_ manner and amount envisioned by the contract unless otherwise stipu-
lated by a price list or other rules mandatory to the parties.
The supplier has the rignt to deliver equipment consisting of distinct
inatallation assemblies by individual machines and zsaerbliea in con-
formity with operative technical specifications, the industrial cycle,
and installation conditions. This must be done in such a way that
shipment of the last assembly ie made at the time established for -
shipment of the equipment as a whole. In such cases payment for the
91
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300054428-3
i
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
equipment may be made by the individual assembly, if there are properly
set pricea f~r these assemblies and payment by assembly is envisioned
= by the cont::act or rules that are mandatory for the parties.
16 When it is found that the machinery delivered does not correspond
' to 8tandards, technical specificat3ona, drawings, prototypes (models)~ _
or data contained in accompanying documents, the recipient must call
in a representative of the supplier (manufacturer), regardless of -
whether he is located in the same city or not, to part~icipate in fur-
ther receipt of machinery and to draw up a two-party affadavit.
17. For one year from the time that the machinery is received by the
recipient (purchaser) the supplier !manufacturer) is obliged, without _
trav~ling to the site, to provide advice to the recipient (purchaser)
on questions of using it correctly.
A written response should be given within 10 days of receiving the
inquiry.
_ For one year (if a longer time is not stipulated by contract) the ~
supplier has the right to learn about the work of the machinery he i
delivered and to demand a report on its functio.~ing; the purchaser
' (recipient) must give such a response within 10 days.
_ 11,176
CSO: 1863
~
~
92 -
FOR OFi~ICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
- = = = - - . ...:z~
~~~T~~~~' ~
~ ~~#'~3f#'f~ 3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIA: USE ONLY
.
_ UDC 658.012.011.56.Ofl4.1:6b9.184
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE GAINED IN RESEARCH AND DEVELUPMENT OF ASU FOR THE
' NUMBER TWO OXYGEN CONVERTER ~HOP OF THE 3~STERN SIBERZAN METALLURGICFiL
PLANT
Moscow PRIBORY T SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA ~n Russian No 6, 1980 pp 1-4 -
[Excerpts from article by A. A. Belostotskiy, V. I. Solov'~rev, V. P.
- Avdeyev, A. Ye. Koshelev and A. Ye. Merkur'yev] =
(Excerts] Ti.e oxygen converter shop ~ 2 of the Western Siberian _
Metallurgical plant imeni 50-Letiye Velikoao Oktyabrya (ICKTs-2/ZSMZ,
- Novokuznetsk) put into operatian in April Z974 with two 300-ton converters
is one of the largest uni.t-capacity plants and ~sost modern autoanated
converter shops in the Soviet Union in terms of the level of technolocy and �
equipment.
The high speed and intensity of the steel smelting process (duratio~ of the
" blast itself is 11-13 minutes) causes an acute shortage of time that _
c~nverter operators have to analyze the previous smeltings and make the
necessary calculations for subsequen:. smeltings; and for operating per- _
sonnel of the shop (dispatcher, shift boss) to make the opt~mum decisions
in coordinating shop section work. Control is complicated by incotaplete
information on the process because of tY,e lack of automatic sensors for
_ a12'PCt sensing of several para:neters chacterizing the smelting pror_ess:
steel temperatLre in the converter, content of carbon, sulfur, manganese,
etc. in the latter. Thi~ all leads to production losses, interru;~tions in
filling of steel orders; thus the probl~m of creating ASt1 for converter
production is extremely crucial.
~
The basic technological str~ture of the ASU of the KKTS-2/ZSMZ is a
multi-comp~,ter complex (VK) of M-6000 control computers. The processor s
- are interconnected via duplex registers and high-speed data transmission
- modules. Input/outpst of information in ther ASU, including connection to
non-standard operating and control equipment developed by the C~ntral
Scientific Research Znstitute of Canverter Automation (manual input
senAOrs [DRVJ, graphic ~anels, consoles} is done with the aid of standard
- ASVT-M modules, permitting total standardization of all systems con- -
nections. `
- 93
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY !
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFZCIAL USE ONLY
Tne ASU of KKTs-2/ZSMZ consists of three interconnected subsystems (Figure
1); an information system: collection, processing and display of data;
technological steel smelting process control; operational accounting and
analysis of production flow in the shop.
Organizata.on of Research and Development of the System
The ASU of KKTs-2/ZSM2 is one of the f:rst ASU in the country which operates
in real time. Zts design required the coordinated efforts of many
scientific research, planning, construction and assembly and debuggin~
organizations, as well as plants and enterprises of the Miniskry of
Instruments and other agencies. The leading organization in design of the
ASU oi KKTs-2/ZSMZ was the Central Scientific Researc;h Institute of
_ Converter Automation. Research and incocporation of the system were
implemented in comparatively short periods (1972-1975).
The annual economic effect of ASU incorporation at KRTs-2 in 1976-1978
averaged about 500,00~ rubles, because of a 15 percent increase in the
- number of smeltings produced from the first rolling; a 13 percent increase
in lining stab~lity and rhythmic operation of steel smelting and rolling
production and sev~ral other factors.
One of the main results of incorporating the ASU of KKTs-2 is the ~
surmounting of the "mental" barrier among technological shop personnel who
- believed i~ the system and performance of several functions, e.g.,
formulatiQn of the smelting cprtificate is no longer thought of without the
_ use af the ASU.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Mashinostroyeniye". "Pr~bory i sictemy uprav-
- 2eniya", i980
[402-8617]
8617
CSO: 1863
94
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
UDC 681.322:621.774.3
ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTF.N1 FOR PIPE ROLLZNG PLANT WITH AUTQMATED MILL
_ Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1980 pp 5-7
[Excerpt fr~ a*ticle by A. A. Rurua, engineer] -
_ (Excerpt] The increasing intensity of pipe production, pipe quality ~nd -
. reduced losses of inetal are directly related to the elevated 1eve1 of
automation of the hot rolling process of pipe. In pipe ralling production,
, adaptive control systems are becoming widely used [1] . In the Soviet Union,
an automated control system for the process of hot rolling of pipes using
an adaptive method of control for the pipe-rolling plant (TPA) with a
three-roller rolling mill was first developed by the Institute of Control
Problems (Moscow), The All-Union Scientific Research and Planning ~n-
- stitute of the Autamation Industry (Rustavi), and the Pervoural'skiy New
Pipe Plant (PNTZ) and was put into TPA 160 based on UMI-NKh-M control
canputers.
COPYRZGHT: Izdatel'stv~o "Mashinostroyeniya". "Pribory i sistemy uprav-
_ leniya", 1980
[402-8617]
8617 _
CSO: 1863 ~
95 '
ROR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
PtTBLICATIONS
ABS'li~CTS FROM ~ JOURNAL 'A"tJTOMATIOIL AiPJ COMP[1'~ TECHNOLOGY e
- Riga AL TOMA~IKA I VYC'tIISISTr~,'ISAYA TE~Il'TIi{A in Russian No 198o pp 95,
97, 99
- trnc 66i.3.o6
IN'I'ERACTIVE SYS~NS FOR SIMIJLATION OF DEVELOFING COMRJTE~ SYSTENB
[Abstract oP article by Pirogov, V. V., and I{h~ykin, I. A.]
[Text] The software of an interactive system Por the si~lation of devel-
- oging comcputer systems is described, as are the opportunities presented to
the imrestigator by it and specifics oP Lhe interactive procedure. A tech-
nological circuit for data processing in an interactive simulation system
is proposed. An example of the solution ~f a certain problem ~Y simulation
is presented.
t1DC 519.217:68i.5
- ,
NUN~RI~AL METHOD OF ANALYZZNG COMP[J'I~t ASSOCIATI01~.5 U5I1~ A^_WO-DIMENSIONAL
MARKOV DESCRIPTION
[Abatract of article by Andronov, A. M., and SklYare'v~Ch, F. A.]
[Text] A recurrent stationary distribution calculation algorithm is pro-
- posed for a. computer association (mass sez~v;~ce system) with a two-~men-
sional Markov description, which permits camputer realization when the
space of the states has large d3mensions. A general procedure is presented
in detail Por the f~nctioning in a cmapater network of a terminal computer
with a variable operating mode. An algorithm is given for calculating the
stationary probabilities oP states and the mean residence time oP a require-
ment in such a system.
UDC 5~9.857:681.32~+
li~i~rciniivH�iiuiv "vF Aiv' Ai,i~vFc.IirPri ivR ~OGRESSING Tf~ FLOW OF TASISS IN A i~~IORK
[Abatract o~ article by Demidov, I. K., and Shchers, A. L.]
96
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOx OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~~ext] The article investigates one approach to the creation of algorithms
and programs for progressing the ~law cf transactions entering a network of
computer centers. An slgorit2zm is proposed which permits dete~-?~~r;ng with
minimum expenditures of time whether a transaction belongs to a certa.in
~lass oi messages end placing i~ accordingly in a computer center or grot~p
of computer centers at which problema of the given class can be snlved.
The algo~ithm uses a table of solutions with expanded input, for the trans-~
formation of which the method of c~ynamic pr~gramming was applied in the
solution tree. A table of solu~ions with four conditions is examined as an
example. As a result of its transformation a program is obtained which
describes a solutior. tree with a min~~~m mean read-out time.
UDC 681.32:519�713
P.ROC~DtAZ~ FOR SYNTfik+I$ OF ASYNCHI30NOi~ PROGRAMNSED LOGICAL MATRIX AUTOMATA
[Abstract o~ article by Yakubqytis, E. A., Bu1', Ye. S., Lange, E. E., Lem-
_ berskiy, I. G., Fritsnovich, G. F., and Chanenko, V. P.]
[Text] The con3itions are investigated under which a certain subset of
~unctions occurring under the effect of different input states (intervals)
- can be represented by a single member of a DNF' system of Boolean fUnctions
describing the logical structure of an automa.ton to be synthesized.. Syn-
thesis of the automaton is fox~mulated as a procedure ~or construction of a
DNF system of Boolean fl~nctions with a minimum number of different numbers,
or close to the mini~um. If the constructed D1~IF system of Boolean fl,inc-
tions is realized on a progreamied logical matrix (PLM) with prescribed
parameters, the task under consideration is considered solved. If the
- parameters of the constructed DNF system are greater than the PLM para-
meters, a procedure for automaton synthesis based on several PLM is p�~:-
posed.
t~c 68i. 3
. APIALYSIS OF ~ LQADING OF COLLECTIVE-U5E UIVIFORM MICROPROCESSOR COMPIJTER
SYSTENIS
[Abstract of article by Makarevich, 0. B, Saek, E. M., and Chefrananr, A. G.]
[Text] An analysis is presented of the statistical characteristics of uni-
form collective-use computer systems in the cyclic distribution of c~omplex
' problems. ~n the basis oP geometric considerations a distribution of the
probabilities of the number of tasks served per cycle is obtained, es is
- the mathematical expectation o~ the number of served tasks. On the basis
- of the obtained characteristics a procedure is proposed ~or the selection
of para~eters of the system.
97
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2047102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
tr~c 519.717.7
LOGICAI, NE~IORKS OF ~-IBfPUT OPERATORS
~Abstract of article by Blolth, A. Sh., and Pavlovskiy, A. I.]
- ]Text] Algorithms are nroposed for the synthesis of logical networks on a
separate set of three-input operators. Estima~es are made of the complexi~~
of synthesis algoritihms and obtained logical networks.
UDC 519.713 -
CONSID~tATZON OF Ti~ F'UNCTIONAL L'.r,PENDENCE OF CODE SETS IN OPTIMIZING THE
ZWO-I~'~'~,T'L LOGICAL S'I`RUCTURE OF AN AUTOMATON
~Aostract of article by I,emoerslay, I. G.]
[Text] The ar~icle eaamines opti~ization of the disjurictive normal form oP
a system of flznctions of autom~ton junctions and output on the basis of the
number of conjunctions with consideration oP i~he fluictional dependence of ~
the code sets. 2he conditions are for~u.lated Por a code assuring the given i
optimi?ation. Within the framework of those conditions a heuristic proced-
ure is being worked out to reduce the number of con~unctions. An approach
- to the construction of a non-redundant code of internal states is proposed.
tmc 519.71~+
FUNCTIONAL C0~'LEXITY OF THRESHOLD SZ'RUCTtJRES _
[Abstract o~' article by Alakoz, G, h~.]
[Text] From a combinatory estimate of the power of a given class of mul.ti-
valued logical f~anctions a system of canonical transformations is construc-
ted for multithreshold elements, functionall,y c~aplete with respect to that .
ciass, with a multivalued structural alphabet. It is shawn that minimall,y
thrzshold realizetion of logical ~unctions during reorganization of multi-
threshold element structural paran~eters forms a linearly algebraic structure, -
the pawer of the classes of which is expressed thraugh the index o~ the
grmap of canonical transforma.tions and is an additive monotoniaally increas-
ing flanction of multithreshold element structural paremeters. A connecti~n
of the introduced measure of complexity with the Shannon measure and also
with other approaches to the theoretical ~oup dESCription of th~ work of
- lcgical elements is noted.
~w
- vnc 68i.3.o6
SOLUTION OF E}CTREMUM PR~BLEMS U1~ER CONDITIONS OF INCOMPLETE INF'ORMATION -
[Abstract of article by Adamenko, G. M.]
. 98
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
I
FOR OFFICIAL U~E ONLY
(Text] The article considers ~ethods of solving taeks in cases ~here
there is insuffici~ent prior informe,tion for the seiection of algorithma
for their solution. The settin~ of tasks of successive syathesis of
algorithms, leading to questions af parametric and structural adaptation,
is pointed out.
trDC 519.7
PROBABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PF~RF`ORMANCE OF A TIME-RIDUI~IDANT ENGINEERII~
SYS TEM
[Abstract of article by Mikadze, I. S., and Tavladashvili, V. D.] _
[Text] The task is set of determining the probability characteristics of
the performance of an engineering system intended for the perfor~ance of _
tasks of a definite volvme in a given ti.me and consisting of two series-
connected subsystems which are kept self-ac~justing and Pailure-resistant.
- In that case one of the subsystems is ca~a.ble o~ reveaLing double and car-
recting single erz~ors, and the second, only cY revealing single errors.
The process of performing the task o~ such an en~.neering system is regard-
ed. as semi.-Markov with a Yinite number of states. The distribution flznc-
tion of the task execution tim~e is determined, and its mean value with con-
sideration of reliability and time-redundance of the system under consider-
ation.
- UDC 519.a53
= ME'I'~iOD OF COORDIi~TATE WISE DESCENT FOR A CLASS OF INTEGRAL NONLINEAR
PROGR?.NiMING PROBLE~'MS
[Abstract of article by M~yer, A. B.]
[Text] The author examines an algorithm for solving the task of integral
nonlinear program with a monotonical.ly increasing ob~ective flznction and
, limitatio-r~~, given in the form of a nonlinear function of arbi~rary type
and inequalities limiting the area of change of integral variables. The
main algorithm is a mo:lified method of coordinate-wise descent, in which
~he direction of the next step o~ the iterative process is determined Prom
the criterion of the minimum ratio of the increments of the limiting and
ob~ective f~anctions.
- v~c 51g.7i2
SYNTHESIS OF READILY TESTABLE COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS BY FACTORIZF,TION OF
DEADLOCK DISJUNCTIVE NORMAL FORN~ (DNF) ~
[Abstract of article by Parshina, N. t~.j
[Text] An investigation is made of the properties of a class of circua.ts
obtained by factorization of deadlock DNF. An algorithm is proposed for
the synthesis of such circuits, which have very short verification tests.
~ 99 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UDC 621.317.755.018.756
NOISE IN A DIF~'ERy~'P~TIAI, STROBIi~`G CONVERTER
[Abstract of article by Stasha, R. Ya.]
_ [Text] Expressions are derived for calculating noise on the output of a
- differenti~l strobing converter. It is shawn that the noise level in a
= differential stroboscopic cnnverter is the same as in a Goto vapor strobo- .
scopic converter. During correspondiiig execution of the strobe-signal
former circuit the noise of its source has no effect on the noise level on
the converter output.
_ ~c 62~..3i7.3
METHOD OF DIGITAL STO~HASTIC CONVERSIOV OF TI~ VALUE OF A 1VONLINEAF~ DIS-
TORTION FACTOR ~
[Abstract of article by ~~~~sar~~ A. K.; and Krauze, A. V.]
[Teact) T.he article examines a method of converting the value of a nonlin-
ear d.istortion factor intended for the construction of corresponding equip- i
ment. It is shawn that the application of stochastic quantizir:g of the ;
second kind to determine the meari si~a1 pawer and the power of its first :
harmonic permits solving with apparatus the given task ~ithaut agplication
of apparatus means of multiplication of multidigit numbera, thus simplif~r-
ing the apparatus and reducing the measure~r.t time . ~
tmC 5i9.&56
N~'I~I03~ OF REbUGING VA"f~AN~ DURING STC~CHASTIC QUAN'I'IZATION
[Abstract of article by Veselova, G. P.]
[Text~ A method is proposed for selecting interpolating randam values
which permits reducing the error oY stochastic quantization. It is advis-
able to uae the proposed selection in the creation of' stochastic analyzers, ~
and also in the orgaru.zation of statistical analysis using small computers.
- COF'YRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Zin~tne",
"Avtomatika. i vychislitel'naya tekhnika", 1980
[413-2174]
2174
CSO: ~863
~oo
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- ABSTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL 'TECHNICAL CYBERNETICS'
Moscovv IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. TEKHNICHESKAYA KIBERNETIKA
in Russian No 4, 1980 pp 219-224
UDC 519.3:62-50
OPTIMUM GUARANTEED EVALUATIONS OF UNCERTAINTIES USING EL-
LiPSOIDS
[Abstract of article by F. L. Chesnous'ko]
[Text] A guaranteed approach to the description of uncertainties in control
problems is developed which is based on ap~oximation of the fields of
uncertainty �rvith ellipsoids. An approximation is constructed of the ellipsoid
- intersection operation. 2 figures, 13 referenees.
UDC 53.072:681.31
NUCLEUS OF A SIMULATION SYSTEM (SIMPLIFIED VERSION)
[Abstract of article by Yu. P. Ivanilov]
[Text] A simulation systEm language is proposed which is constr~eted on the
basis of process description. The language permits structural alteratioi~ of the
system and the constituent process crPating theoretical problems in the
computer, the analysis of whose solution determines further simulation end the
nature of the solutions adopted. 1 reference.
UDC 007:338.984
PLANNING COIVIPUTATIONS IN A DIALOGUE LONG-TERM PLANNING SYS-
TEM
[Abstract of article by P. I. Litvintsev]
[Text] Several requirements imposed on dialogue planning systems oriente~d
toward users with activities which are far from the practical operation of a
_ computer are discuased. One method o~ automated planning of computations is
proposed for the set of ir,formation-related programming modules appearing in
the dialogue system. 1 figure, 10 references.
101
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
UDC 519.8
ON THE PROBLEM OF DESIGNING STAELE BRIDGES IN A DIFFERENTIAL- -
-APPROACH/DEFLECTION GAME
[Abstract of article by V. N. UshakovJ
[Text] A differential game of approach and deflection is considered with
geometric constraints on player control. The probiem of designing minimax
u-stable bridges ~ased on understood procedures is investigated. 10 references.
UDC 681.142.1.01
ASYNCRHONOUS PROCESSES. I. DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION ~
[Abstract of article by V. I. Varshavskiy, V. B. Marakhovskiy, V. A. Peschanskiy,
L. Ya. Rosenblyum]
(Text] A formalized concept of asynchronous processes is introduced. Withir~
_ the framework of the proposed model, an interprefation is given of a finite _
automatan and Petrie networks. This permits interpretation and several other
mathematical models of representation of work of discrete devices. A ~
description of the mechanism of resumption of an asynchronous process is ~
formalized. The operation ~f redu~~tion of asynchronous processes is proposed. -
It is noted that the models under consideration may be used to describe
combined matched operation of discrete devices. 3 figures, 12 references.
UDC 62-50
THEOftETICAL BASIS AND ALGORITHM OF THE RELAXAI'ION PROCEDURE
FOR PROBLEMS OF A QUASI-CONCAVE PROGRAM
[Abstract of articl~ by G. V. Kalyuzhnyy]
[Text] A theoretical basis and algorithm for the relaxation procedure of .
problems of quasi-coneave programming aee given. A modification is pro~osed
for the relaxation procedure for problems of concave programming which
increases its effectiveness. The eonvergence of the proeec3ure is proven. Several ~
examples are given. 4 figures, 6 referen~es.
UDC 62-50:531.3
- SIMULATION AND SYNTHESIS OF MANIPULATOR CONTROL FOft MECHANI-
CAL ASSEMBLY
[Abstract of article by M. Vukobratovich, D. Stokich]
[TextJ The problem of simulating and synthesizing manipulator control for
assembly of components and parts of a mechanism is corisidered. Particular
attention is given to detailed analysis of the dynamics of the ensemble:
102
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- manipulat~r-worl;ing ohject; external forces acting in the assembly process are
considered. Fesults of sir~~ulation of assembly onerations are presented in which
' a part is ina~erted into a hole (shaft-aperture); the simulation to~k into aecount `
- forces ~ceurrin~ upori ~ont~ct of part of the e.ssem~ly. Various cases are
consiciered: both with and without fe~dback in terms of these forees. 8 figures,
12 references.
UDC b2-50:531.3
ON EFFECTNE ORGANIZ~.T~ION OF T~~E CONdPU'~ING PROCESS IN SOLVII~G
PROBLEMS CF MECHANICS A~ APPLIED TO MANIPULATION RGBOTS
[Ab,tract of article by F. M. Kulakov, T. N. Smirnova~
(Text~ A method is prop4sed for basic acceleration of computations (several
orders faster than known methor~s) in solving direct and inverse problems of
mechanics as applied to robot manipulators with various kinematic circuits. This
is achieved by block concretization of algorithms and effective organization of
information, which reduces the ~mount of computs~tions to a signifieant extent
and makes it possible to broadly deparallelize the computiiig procPSS. 3 figures,
6 tables, 2 references.
UDC 62-50:531.3
CONTROL STftUCTURE ALGORITHM OF A TRANSPORT RQ't30T
[Abstract of article by A. V. Kalyayev, V. P. Noskov, Yu. V. Chernukhin]
[Tex~J An algorithm is considered for plotting the course of movement of an
- adaptive transport robot suited for realization in a uniform, neuron-like control
_ structure which implements parallel input of sensory information, its parallel
proc~ssing and parallel output of control signals to the effector system.
' Questions of formalization of the description of the environment and questions
af synthesizing the control structure are investigated. Data are presented on an
operational mock-up of an adaptive transport robot which realizes the proposed
_ algorithm. 7 figures, 6 r~ferences.
' UDC 007:681.327.12
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AN INTEGRATED ROBOT WHICH PACI~S PARTS
ACCORDING TO AN OUTLINE
[Abstract of article by D. Ye. Okhotsimskiy, Ye. Yu. Zuyeva, M. M. Komarov,
S. A. Mirer, Yu. A. Sadov, V. A. Sarychev]
[Te~ct) The structure and operation of a complex of programs permitting -
computer simulation of the activiti~s of an integrated robot manipulator in a
three-dimensional medium consisting of polyhedrons are described. The com-
position of this complex includes programs to simulate the environment and to
- simulAte methods of ro5ot interr~etion wi+h it and programs which realize
103
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
algorithms of robot-reprocessing of informs~:on in the perception, planning of
actions and design of movements. The system permits us to simulate the robot's
- decision-rr,aking proce~ for the problem of packing polyhedral parts into a
= structure assigned by a tnree-projection outline. Movements of the manipulator
may be depicted on a display screen and recorded on movie film. 3 figures; 18
references.
~ uDC s2-5o
SIMULATION OF AIvTTHROPOMORPHIC CONTFyOL OF THE TRANSPOSITION
PHASE OF THE LEG OF A REHABILITATION EXOSKEL~TON
[Abstract of article by V. A. Bodganov, V. S. Gurfinkel', V. G. Ostapchuk)
[Text] The model of the leg of a simplified exoskeleton for patients with limp
paralysis of the lower extremities is described, including flexible connectYOns
which make the mov~ememts of the model similar to the transposition motion in
a normal person, a special pulsed drive with flexible accumulator of inechanical
energy stored from a comparatively low-output electrie motor, and an electronic
control system for the finite states of the transportation movement. ftesults of
simulation show that motion of the simplified exoskeleton, like human move-
ments, are smooth and stable. The simulation results may be used in designing
- a real exoskeleton. 3 figures; 1 table; 13 references. ~
UDC 51~.?17
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOW OF EVENTS
- GENERATED BY A PIECEWISE-CONTINOUS MARKOV PROCESS
(Abstract of article by V. A. Ivnitskiy]
~Text] The piecewise-continuous Markov process with fields of values of
continuous variables having the form (0, a) where a is less than or equal to
infinity is considered. The mean time of residence in the permissible set of
states A and the intensity of flow of moments of its emergence from A are
defined. Simila- characteristics are defined for a one-dimensional random
process which is a funetion, acquiring actual values, of this process. 16
references.
- UDC 519.217
ON A Ur?ILINEAR QUEUEING SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTION TIME
[Abstract of article by V. V. Marbukh]
[Text] A unilinear queueing system without losses having N incoming Poissonian
requirement flows in the presence of selection time is considered. For the
queueing discipline "stochastic priorities with forced downtime of the servicing
instrument" algorithms are indicated for precise and approximate computation of
the funetional: average losses from residence of the requirement in the system.
104
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3
FOR OF~'ICIAL USE ONLY
~ In some region of parameters the introduction of forced downtime of the
servicing device lowers the value of the funetional as compared to the cyelical
discipline with total~ elimination of sequence. 7 references.
UDC 519.2 -
FIDUCIAL APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF THE CHARACTEKISTICS OF
COMPLEX SYSTEMS BY THE ftESULTS OF TESTING
- [Abstract of article by I. V. Pavlov]
[Text) An approximate method of plotting the confidence limits is considered
for the characteristics of complex systems by the results of reliaibiltiy tests
~ which is based on Fisher's fiducial approach. Based on a comparison of fiducial -
and confidence limits, a connection is established between fiducial and unbiased
confidence limits. 1 figure; 12 referentes.
- UDC 519.2
FIDUCIAL APPROACH IN INTERVAL EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF
COMPLEX SYSTEMS
(Abstract of article by L. B. Groysberg}
[TextJ Structurally redundant systems, including reeoverable ones, with r~ cyclic
mode of application are considered, for which the model of reliability in the
general case daes not r2duce to a series-parallel connection; the relationship of
the reliability indicator of the system as a funetion of the reliability parameters
of components can not have an analytical expression. The problem is posed of -
interval evaluation of the reliability indicator of the system according to testing
~ data of equipment components based on the fiducial approach which enables us _
to reduce the problem to the discovery of the funetional dist~ ibution versus
random independent variables having known distributions of probability. The
- solution is achieved based on the use of the method of statistical computer
simulation with equivalent transformation of the model. Relationships are given
for determining unbiased estimates of moment and qusntile parameters of the
fiducial distribution of the reliability indicator. Results are shown for the
- computer experiment done using the proposed methods for one of the systems.
Relationships between fiducial and confidence intervals are considered. 1 figure;
11 references.
UDC 519.2
DETERMINATION OF THE DISTRIBUTNE FUNCTIONS OF TROUBLE-FREE
OPERATION OF ELEMENTS ACCORDING TO OBSERVATIONS OF THEIR
WOR.K AS A PART OF SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS
[Abstract of article by G. V. Kolosok, Ye. I. Ushakov)
105
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[Text) The distributive function of trouble-free operation time of elements can
- not be directly defined accor~ing to results of observation of their work as a
part of seguential non-recoverable systems. A ~c~lution of the above problem is
proposed for ir.~ependent elements. 1 figure.
UDC 519.2
PLANNING RENOVATION WORK BASED ON SHIFTING OF EQUIPMEI~TT _
[Abstract of article by V. F. Kuznetsov~ -
iText) The groblem of distribution of squipment for conduct of renovation work
based on the possibility of their movement and repeated utilization is considered.
A genera~ method of tackling the problem is proposed for the criteria
formulated. 1 figure, 8 references.
- UDC 519.2
SEVERAL PROPERTIES OF THE DEFICIT FUNCTION FOR A PEFtIODIC MODEL
OF SPARE PARTS CONTROL
~A~stract of article by B. I. Shustov]
_ [Text~ A supply system is examined in a finite segment with periodic monitoring
including a central warehouse and n downstream warehouses with normally
distributed demand. Estimates oi system deficit anti some of its properties in
quasi-real strategies are cited. 2 figures; 1 reference.
UDC 007.52:517.11:519.5
SYNTHESIS OF AN AUTOMATON WHICH CON'I'ROLS THE PROPER OPERA-
TION OF A DISCRETE DEVICE �
[Abstract of article by I. M. Fomenko]
(TextJ An algorithm ~or synthesis of a control automaton is propQSed that is
based on the presentation of a schedule of automaton rr~ovements as a language
- gram mar having a finite number of st.ates. The synthesized automaton makes it _
possible to control the proper operation of a desired discrete device when it is
used for its purpose. An example which illustrates the use of the proposed
algorithm is cited. 3 figures; 3 references.
UDC 62-50
INVERSE P'~.OBLEMS OF DYNAMICS OF CONTROLLED SY�TEMS. LINEAR
- MC.~D ELS.
[Abstract of article by B. N. Petrov, P. D. Krut'ko]
106
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL ~JSF ONLY
[Text] ProcedLre~ ace developed for constructin~ alo~orithms for control of
movements based on the sclution of inverse prob:ems of d~mamics. It is shown
~ that this approach makes i~ possible to synthesize systems with desired dynarnic
prapertie~. The required ~ontrols are derermir.ed in closed form: parameters of
the laws of contral are expressed as finite relationships by parameters of
mathematical models of controlled systems. 3 figu~es; 13 rgferences.
- UDC 62-50:519.3
S'YNTHESIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ONE CLASS OF NONLINEAR
OBJECTS WITH DELAY
(Abstract of article by V. 1. Lovchakov, A. A. FomichevJ
[Text~ The problem of optimum control of c,ne class of nonlinear objeets with
delay is considered. In analytieal form, an optimum law of control is obtained
bn the form of feedt~ack, desaribed with the aid of Voltaire's funetional series.
~,n algorithm is proposed for approximate re~lizat:on of th~e optimum fepdback
law. 1 figure; 23 references.
UDC 519.283
THE BR.ANCHING AND BOUNDARIES METHOD IN THE PROBLEM OF
RECOVERY OF FUNCTIONS ACCORDIAIG TO THEIR DISCRETE REFEftENCES
[Abstract of article by V. K. Kloehko, Ye. P. Churakov]
[TextJ The problem of specif.ying funetions from a set of ambig?uously related
' measurement results is solved. Algorithms based on the branching and boundary
methad are elaborated and ex~rimen�~l investigated. 3 figures; 2 tables; 7
a ref~rences.
- UDC 62-50
_ ON SEQUENTIAL IDENTIFICATIOI~T OF STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS
_ [Abstract of articl ~ by S. E. Vorobeychikov, V. V. Konev]
[Text) Clear formulas are constructed for sequential estimates of parameters of
processes heving discrete and continuous time. The sffect on the quality of
e~~aluation of linear constraints on the parameter is studied. The presentation
is illustrated with numericai examples. 2 tables; 10 references.
- UDC 62-50
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RA~'E OF CONVERGENCE OF THE
- IDENTIFCIATION PROCESS AND THE SENSITMTY OF THE SYSTEM TO
INTTIAL DATA ERRORS
- 107
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
[Abstract of article by Yu. M.-L. Kostyukovskiy, A. I. Nefelov)
[Text] A quantitative estirnate is constructed for characterization of the
sensitivity of the output of a nonlinear ecntrolled system to infinitesimal
relative pe; turbations of c~ordinates of the initiel state of this system. It is
- shown that the estimate can serve as an indicator of the rate of convergence
- oi the procedure of parametric identification. 8 figures; 4 references.
UDC 62-50
- ON ESTIiVIATII~TG THE COMPLEXITY OF A DIALOG PR.OCEDURE OF DIS-
_ TRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
[Abstract of article by V. I. YakobashviliJ
[Text] Questions of constructing a dialogue procedure for sampling projects
based on the constraint of resources ace considered. A specific version of the
procedure is proposed and an estimate of the number of paired comparisons is
obtained which should be made by the LPR. 1 figure; 1 table; 5 references.
UDC 519.152
ON THE METHOD OF SOLVING ONE EXTREMAL PROBLEM IN QUEUEING
THEORY
(Abstract of article by V. V. Kozlov, A. V. Krachenko, V. A. Krasavkina~ V. V.
FilippovJ
[Text] A queueing system with n servicing instruments is considered into which
enters a Poissonian flow of requirements with intensity lambda. There is an
- unlimited number of second type requirements. An algorithmTi.s
elaborated anc3
the program is written fo~ this system. 3 references.
UDC 519.217
RELIABILITY OF RECOVERABLE RES~RVE SYSTEMS UNDER CHANGING
CONDITIONS OF EXPLOI'fATION
[P.bstract of article by Ya. G. Genis]
[Text] An estimate is obtained far the instantaneous parameter of flow of
system breakdowns, whose operation between breakdown of its components is
described by a nonstationary Poissonian process with sn instantaneous parameter
- which is a funetion of time and some random parameter. Based on this
estimate, simple formulas are obtained for calculating system reliability with
structural and time reservation of various kinds. Calculation is cited of system
reliability for 24-hour three-shift wock in which restoration of broken-down
elements in one shift (e.g., night) is not foreseen. 3 references.
, 108
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300054428-3
= FOR OFFICIAL USE ON~Y -
UDC 519.24:531.3
RESTOR~:TION OF BLURRED IMAGES WITH IMPRECISELY KNOWN RATE OF
MOTION OF THE ftECORDING EQUIPMENT
(Abstract of article by R. D. Baglay]
[TextJ The nature of ~istortions occurring in numerical restoration of blurred
images is studie~ where the blurring parameter is r~pproximately known. M~thods
are inciicated which make it possible to find the true value of the blurring
parameter in the numerical experiment of images of a rather general kind.
Examples are cited for computer restoratien of blurred images. 3 figures; 2
refPrences.
COPYftIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", "Izvestiya AN SSSR, Tekhnicheskaye
kibernetika", 1980
[17-8617)
8617
CSO: I863
END
109
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300050028-3