JPRS ID: 9223 USSR REPORT CHEMISTRY

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• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 217
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9471
5 January 1981
Translation
HANDBOOK ON ELECTRONIC MEASURING lNSTRUMENTS
BY
V.U. Mardin and A.I. Krivonosov
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST lNFORMATION SERVICE .
FOR OFF(CIAL USE ONLY
1
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enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
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- item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, v iews or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
COPYRIGEiT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWiNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE 0iNLY.
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JPRS L/9471
5 January '.9 81
HANDBOOK Ofd ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Moscow SPRAVOCHNIK PO IZMERITEL'NYM PRIBORAM (Handbook on Electronic
Measuring Instruments) in Russian 1978 signed to press 19 Sep 78 pp 4-
12, 197-237, 237-251, 252-289, 303-314, 317-328, 329-367
[Chapters 1, i, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14 from the book by V.V. Mardin, A.I.
Rrivonosov, Moscaw, Svyaz', 95,000 copies, 416 pages, IIDC 621.37/39]
CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Basic Requirements for Parametera of
Electronic Measuring Instrunents 1
1.1. Normative Documents (GOST) for Instrument
Manufacturing 1
1.2. Permissible Errors 2
1.3. Scales, Reading Facilities, Impedances of
Input and Output Circuits 4
1.4. Electric Power Supply of Instnunents 4
1.5. Stabilization Time and Length of Continuous
Operation 5
1.6. Electric Strength and Resistance of Insulation 5
1.7. Norms for Testing Conditions During Climatic
and Mechanical Tests 6
108. Operational Safety g
109. Standards 10
Chapter 7. Frequency and Time Measuring Instruments 12
701. Frequency and Tim,e Standards. Reference Generators 12
7.2. Resonance Frequency Meters 21
7.3. Electronic Counting Frequency Meters 23
7.4. Frequency Synchronizers 31
7.5. Signal Frequency Converters 35
7.6. Frequency Synthesizez, Frequency Dividers and
Multipliers . 41
707. Receivers of Standard Frequency Signals and Time Signals 53
7.8. Frequency, Phase and Time Comparators SS
7.9. Synchronometers 61
- a -
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- Chapter 8. Instruments for Measuring Phase Diffesence
and Group Delay Time
8.1. Devices for Checking Phase Difference Meters and
Gzoup Delay Time Meters 64
8.2. Phase Difference Meters 70
8.3. Group Delay Time Meters 75
Chagter 9.
Instruments for Monitoring, Measuring, and
Studying Signal and Spectrum Forms
9.1.
Multipurpose Oscillographs
84
9.2.
High-Speed and Stroboscopic Oscillographs
90
9.3,
Storage Oscillographs
98
9.4.
Special Oscillographs
102
9.5,
Amplitude Modulation Factor Meters
110
9.6.
Frequency Deviation and Heterodyne Meters
114
9.7.
Spectrum Analyzers
120
- 9.8,
Nonlinear Distortion Meters
129
Chapter 11.
Iwstruments for Measuring Pulse Signals
133
11.1.
Time Interval'Meters
133
11.2.
Pulse Counters
139
11.3.
Pulse Parameter Meters
145
_ Chapter 13.
Measuring Amplifiers
148
13.1.
Selective Amplifiers
148
- 13,2.
High-Frequency Amplifiers
150
13.3.
Wide-Band Amplifiers
152
13,4.
Multipurpose Amplifiers
152
13.5,
Direct Current Voltage Amplifiers
154
13.6.
Shaping Amplifiers
158
13,7.
Logarithmic Amplifiers
161
(thapter D
14,1.
14,2.
14.3.
14,4.
14.5.
Measuring Generators 163
Noise Signal GeneratorE 163
Low Frequency Signal Generators 165
High-Frequency Signal Generators 175
Pulse Generators 181
Special-Shape Signal Generators 205
_ - b -
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CAAF'TER 1
BASIC REQUIRENEPTPS FOR THE PARAMETERS OF
F.LECTRONIC MEASIIRING INSTRU[rR?NPS
1.1. Normative Doctunents (GOST) for Instrument Manufacturing
The Gosstandart (State Committee for Standards of the i1SSR Council of Min-
isters) of the USSR introduced (as of January 1, 1975) the following state
standards for electronic measuring inatruments:
GOST [All-Union State Standard] 9763-67* "Electroaic Measuring Instruments.
General Technical Requirements";
GOST 9771-61 "Heterodyne Frequency Meters. Technical Requirements";
GOST 9772-77 "Resonance Frequency Meters. Types. Technical Requirements";
GOST 9781-67 "Electronic Voltmeters. Tecbcical 12equirements";
GOST 9788-69 "Measuring Signal Generators. List of Parameters";
GOST 9810-69 "Cathode-Ray Oscillographs. General Specifications";
GOST 10086-68 "Meters of the Coeff icient of Amplitude Modulation (modulo-
meters). Types. Technical Requirements";
GOST 10501-74 "Low-Frequency Measuring Generators. Basic Parameters. Tech-
nical Requirements. Testing Methods";
GOST 10622-70 "High and Superhigh Frequency Signal Generators with a Fre-
quency Range from 30 kAz to 300 MHz. Basic Parameters. Technicsl Idequire-
ments. Testing Methods";
GOST 11001-69 "Industrial Radio Interference. R,adio Interference Meters.
Technical Requirements";
*GOST 97-63 and GOST 1845-59 are replaced by GOST 22261-76 as of July 1, 1978.
1
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GOST 11286-69 "Quality Factor Meters. Technical Requirements";
GOST 11294-�74 "Measuring Lines. Technical Requirements. Testing Methods";
GOST 11113-74 "Measuring Pulae Generators. Types. Basic Parametere. Tech-
nical Requirementa";
GOST 13100-67 "Measuring Receivers. Technical Requirements. Testing Me-
thods";
GOST 13266-74 "Meters for the Impedance of Coaxial and Waveguide Channels
and Admittance. Classification. Technical Requirements. Measuring Me-
t:iods" ;
GOST 13317-73 "Microwave Band Electronic Measuring Instruments. Coupling
Elements. Basic Dimensions";
GOST 13364-67 "Coaxial Loads. Types. Technical Requirements";
GOST 13605-75 "Micrawave Wattmeters. Types. Technical Requirements. Test-
ing Methods";
GOST 13606-68 "Receiving Converters (fteads) of Bolometer-Type and Thermis-
tor Wattmeters. Types. Basic Parametera. Technical Requirements. Test-
_ ing Methods";
GOST 13645-68 "Accurate Time and Frequency Sig:ials Emitted by Shortwave and
Long Wave Radio Stations of the State Time and Frequency Service of the
USSR. Basic Characteristics";
GOST 13759-68 "Waveguide Loads. Types. Technical Requirements";
GOST 14126-69 "Measuring Signal Generators with a Coaxial Output. Techni-
cal Requirements";
GOST 15166-73 "Wobbling Frequency Generators of a Frequency Range from 1 MHz
to 40 Gliz. Type. Basic Parameters. Technical Requirements. Testing Me-
thods";
GOST 17023-74 "Instruments for Studying Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics.
Types and Basic Parameters. Technical Requirements. Testing Methods";
GOST 17193-71 "Measuring Signal Generators with a Waveguide Output. Tech-
nical Requirements".
1.2. Permissible Errors
The fundamental instrument error (including the systematic and random compo-
nents) is taken to be the greatest difference between the indication of the
2
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inatrument and the actual value obt ained as a result of ineasurement. When
instruments are released by the manufacturer, the instrument error must not
exceed 0.8 of the permissible value of the fundamental error.
The fundamental error of an ir_strtunent is expresaed by one of the following
methods;
in percent or in relative units of the instrument reading (for instruments
with a reading device of any type) or of the nominal value (for ff.easures
with fixed values);
in percent of the finite value of the measurement range (for instruments
with a one-way scale);
in percent of the stun of the finite values of the measurement range (for
instruments wkth a center-zero scale) ;
in percent of the difference of the f inite and the initial values of the
measurement range (for instruments with a suppressed-zero scale);
- in percent of the length of the meas urement range [for instruments with a
logarithmic, hyperbolic, or exponent ial (with an axponent higher than three)
characteristic of the scale]. For instruments wi.th lc+garithmic scalea, ex-
pression of a relative error with respect to thit redding is permitted;
- in absolute values expressed in unit s of the value being measured (degrees,
- hertzs, watts, etc);
in decibels (or nepers) in relation t o measured, compared, or regulated
values (amplification, weakening, attenuation, intensity, etc);
in decibels (or nepErs) in relation to a certain value taken as the initial
or zero level (1 mW, 0.775 V per 600 Ohms, 1 V, etc) ;
in the form of a unit of two members one of which depends on the value being
measured and the other does not depend on it. In this case, the error ex-
_ pressed in absolute values is writte n in the form of Q m+(aAX+ ok) or
,N _�(aAx+bAk), where a is the e rror expressed in relative units of the
~ instrument reading or normal value of the measure; b is the error expressed
in relative units of the finite value of the established measuring limit;
AX is the reading of the instrument or the nominal value of the measure, Ak
is the finite value of the established measuring limit; OC is the error
expressed in absolvte values which d oes not depen3 on the value being mea-
sured. For the rr,lative error 6=+(a= dk /AR) or s=+(a+bAk/Ax),
IL- is permissible to record the inst rument error with a discrete digital
r.eading expressed in absolute values in the furm of �(a[%]reading Ax4mcount-
ing units), Where m is the disczeteness erroi selected from the series: 0.5,
1, 2.
3
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When permissible errors are indicated in percent, decibels, or in absolute
values of the magnitudes being measured, the numerical values must be taken
from the series AX�lOn, where AX is one nf the numbers: 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 52
6, etc, and n is one of the ntnnbers: 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, etc.
Additional errors under the effect of temperature and changes in the supply
voltage of +10% of the nominal voltage must noti exceed one-half of the fun-
damental error.. Moreover, an additional error from temperature changes is
to be shown for each 10�C of the temperature change. It is permissible *.o
indicate the temperature error for one degree C of the temperature changeo
Multirange or multiband instruments can have different errors for different
- subbands of scales and limits of ineasurements. Similarly, it is permissible ~
tc~ show for combined instruments different values of fundamental errors for
~different types of magnitudes being measured. 1.3. Scales, Reading Facilities, Impedances of Input and Output Circuits
Limbs and scales which are used to establish smoothly changing val-ues must
_ have a partial overlapping of neighboring subranges with graduation lines
in the overlapping sections.
The edges of the band must have a margin not smaller than the double value _
of the fundamental error, and at the beginning and end of the subbands
not less than the val.ue of the fundamental error.
It is permissible not to have overlapping between neighboring subranges
when the extreme positions of the limbs and scales correspond to the zero
and maximimm values, as well as there is a possibility of additional accurate
regulation (tuning) of the instrwment.
The limbs of reading devices must contrast with the background of the scale.
Moreover, the scales must not create specks of light making the reading di�-
ficult.
- The input and output impedances of instruments intended for work with a
matched load are taken from the series; 0.1, 1$ , 10, 50, 75, 100, 150,
200, 300, 500, 600, 1000 Ohms; 2, 5, 10, 20 kiloohms.
Nominal values of input and output impedance of instruments intended for -
work with a nonmatched load are indicated in individual standards and speci-
fications in the form of effective resistance on one or several frequencies
and, if necessary, in the form of shunting capacitance or impedance on one
or several frequencies. `
1.4. Electric Power Supply of Instruments
Instruments fed from a 50 Hz alternating current network must be designed
for a voltage of 220 V+10%, a frequency of 50 H2 +1% with a harmonic con-
tent of up to 5%.
4
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Instruments fed from a 400 Az alternating current network must be designed
for a voltage of 115 V+ 5% ox 220 V+ 57e and a frequency of 400 Hz 3%
A with a harmonic content-of up to 5%. -
When fed from direct current chemical. sources, instruments must be designed
in accordanca with the operating voltagea and currenCs shaw n in the apeci- -
~ fications for the use of chemical sources.
1.5. Stabilization Tine and I,en;th of Continuous Operation
The self-heating time after which instruments should operate normally follow- -
ing the moment they are turned on must be indicated in the specifications
and is selected from the series 1, 5, 152 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours. For
the instruments of the groups IV and V of Taale 2, it is preferable to h.ave
a self-heating time of not moxe than 30 minutes. In sp2cia1 cases, it is
permissible to establish the self-heating titne at 4, 8, or 24 hours for in- -
strnments equipped with thermostatic devices.
Instruments must be designed for continuous work in the course of at least
eight hours with consideration for the self-heating time if it does not ex-
- ceed two houXS.
1.6. Electric Strength and Resistance of Insulation
- Electric circuits of instruments insulated from the casing which are under
voltage during their operating must endure testing voltages shown in Table
1.1 in the absence of disrupt ive discharges.
Table 1.1
Pa6041fe 1~
I
nanpvxeuHO, KB
,IM
~ O
~>0.1
I>0,16
I>0.25
I
>0.35 (
>0,6 I
>O.oS
UNdo. ma.e, Ko,
ae 6oaee
0,1
0,15
0,25
0,35
0,5
0,65
0,8
NcnHTere.ve.uoe 4)
uanp9xeuna
I
I
I
I
Uwcn. KB
0.25
0,5
0,25
1
1,5
Z
2,5
IIRII(~AM(PIIIIY~
KH
> 0,8
>1
> ,.b~
>2 ~

~ >30
3,
Upa6. ,aKC, 0,
nc 6onec
1
1,~
2
7
30
100
4
1�IcnMraTC.11,110e
(5)
(5)
YcTei1ae-
uanrnHCemc
l,3Up%6-}-
~nna~oTCn
Uncn. KI3
3
4
5
2Up36+I
+6
TY
6)
Key: 1. Operating voltages, kV 4. Testing voltage, Utestingi kV
2. from 0.04 S. Operating
3. U operating, maximum, kD, 6. Established by specifications
= not over
5
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The values of voltages are rounded to integers of kilovolts in the upward
direction.
1.7. Norms for Testing Conditions During Climatic and Mechanical Tests
Electronic measuring instruments are divided into five groups shown in Table
1.2 according to their operational conditions.
Table 1.2
Operational Conditions Instrument
Group
- Instruments intended for operation in enclosed, dry,
heated areas which do not experience shocks and bumps I
during their transfer from one work place to another.
Instruments intended for use in enclosed and heated
areas which experience shocks and bumps durfng their II
transfer from one work place to another.
Instruments intended for work in enclosed unheated
areas which experience frequent bumps and shocks when III
they are moved from one work place to another in the
nonworking-state.
Instruments intended for work outdoors or under light
shelters (if required due to a complex meteorological
situation) which experience shocks and bumps in the IV
nonoperating state during frequer.t transfers and
- transportation.
Instruments intended for work outdoors under com-
plex meteorological conditions without additional
shelters which experience shocks and bumps in the V
nonoperatingstate during frequent transfers and
� transportation.
Depending on the group, instruments are subjected to various climatic tests
according to the norms for testing conditions given in Table 1.3.
Af ter the completion of the tests, instruments must retain the required
characteristics within the limits of the norms shown in specifications and
standards for individual types of instruments.
Instruments of groups IV and V also must not have any corrosion and damages -
- to their surface after their presence in spray-bearing and dust-bearing
media. Sprayproof and dustproof tests are done whenever mentioned in speci-
f ications. The norms for testing conditions during sprayproof tests are
as follows: even spraying of the instruments from four sides one after
6 =
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Table 1.3
Cl,
L, Pe71(NMH K.7NMOTH4ftKM
x HC111iTlIINA
YfAOBNf 1IfI1NTiNHA
S 3081ICNIJOtTN OT fP}'fi11H IIpH60Q0lI
.
I '
11 I
111 1
IV (
V
Pa6oyue (3)
(4) TeMncpaTypa, �C
-}-10-i-
10-t
-104-
-30-i-
-40-s-
(5) [lponon;ueren,uocTb, q
+35
4
+35
4
-}40
4
-}-50
4
450
4
(6) OrnocHrenLMaA nnaM-
~4)liO
�
C
Tex+n paTypa,
20
20
2b
25
30
(S) TIP0A0.7N(NTfJIbH0CTb, q

48
48
48
48
IIpfCkAbH6lC (7)
(4) Totueparypa, �C
-40-1-
-40-:-
-40+
-40+
-504-
(5) TIP0n0JINt1fTCJ1L110CTb, q
-I-50
4
+60
4
+50
4
+65
4
-FG5
4
(8) F3p2A1A BMAC(tk(KH B HOp-
1ta.11,t+yx ycnosIIqx, v
4
4
4
4
4
- (rj) OTHOCl1TCA6HQA HAQaC-
Hocrn, qo
95f3
95�3
95f3
95t3
95f3
(4) TeMnepa7ypa. �C
20
20
25
3ll
30
~S~ I~I(10A0ANiHTCAbHOCTb, y
48
48
48
96
9fi
(S) BpeMa eNnepxcKN e Rop-
MBJIbfldX YCJIOBNAJI, q
24
24
24
12
12
Key: 1. Testing Conditions
2. Conditions of clima
tic tests d
epending on
the
instrument group
- 3. Operating
4. Temperature, degree
s C
5. Length, hours
6. Relative humidity,
%
7. Maximum
8. Exposure time under
normal conditions, hours
another at an angle of 45 degrees with an intensity of 5+ 2 mm/min in the
course of four hours. Wster temperature f rom +S to +20 degrees C.
Instruments of Group IV are tested in a chamber in the form in which they
are transported at short distances, or in storage boxes~if they are supplied,
while instrtnnents of G*oup V-- are tested in the �Drm in which the;; are
operated.
Dustproof tests are conducted in a special chamber under the following con-
ditions:
length of dusting with dried dust mixture, hours
(mixture composition: sand 70%, chalk 15%, kaolin 15%,
respectively) 1
dusting speed, m/sec 10-15
7
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Norms for Testing Conditions f or Resistance to Vibration
Norms of testing conditions for resistance to vibration for Group I are not
established.
Tests on One Frequency
Length oF tests, minutes, for all groups 10
' Vibration frequency, Hz, is established by specificatione
within the limits of.................................... 20-50
The shift or acceleraLion amplitude for the required frequency is established
according to a special chart.
Tests Within a Frequency Range
Norms for the groups of instruments II and III aie not established, and for
groups IV and V they are summarized in Table 1.4.
Table 1./+
Pl1Rt1YH aA9 rpYna npN60poO
YeaoeNw xcnursnpll
IV
V
(3) LT2CTOT1 RH6p,1IIHft,
ru
10-20 20-30 so-ao
40-50 50-60so-ao
_ (4) A!ennxTylta cmewe-
nAA (nonownea non�
poro paa+aaa), M M
0,52 0.38 0,33
0,27 0,23 0,2
(5) MBRCNNBJIbHOC yC-
nopenae. Nf/ct
2-6 6-15 10-20
17-27 123-33128-40
AMHH N7f11b1
`6)I
T6
~ ~
,
IOC
- Note: The shift or acceleration amplitude is established
for the required frequency aceording to a special chart.
Rey: 1. Testing conditions
2. Conditions f or instrument groups
3. Vibration frequency, Hz
4. Shift amplitude (half of total range), mm
5. Maximum acceleration, m/s2
6. Length, min
Norms for Testing Conditions for Shock Resistance and Strength In Transpor-
: tation (Table 1.5).
8
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Table 1.5
(1) `2~OpMN 11GI161Titl116NY1 QU[MMOS S
flspeueTpa n ycaoeMf aaeecNuocTU ot rprnnu npN6opoe
ncndTauNA
1 I ii I 111 I IV
v
4arrora yaap6e, MHR (4) -
-
10-50
10-50
x
,qnHrenbeorrb y Noro
~
(3)0
-
Hnnyn~.ca, M/c
-
10-12,6
10-12,6
C,,
MaRC~a~bnoe ycKOpeHee,
9=
~
M/C7
yNC.no yAapoe (7) -
-
-
~
1000
~
2000
K
�
a
S
S
5
s m
ao
c o.
(8~ a
u
oa
~
s U
o a
aC,
C r
yncno KonclanNA (9)
MaKCHNIMnoe ycKOpeNHe,
M/c' (6)
flpoAOnxcHj~PfIkF~OCTb, 9
2-3 2-3 2-3
30 30 30 I'
~ 1 1 2
2-3
30
2
Note: Norms for Group V are established in
specifications.
Key: 1. Parameters and testing conditions
2. Norms of testing conditions depending on
the instrument group
3. Shock rasistance
4. Frequency of shocks, min
5. Length of the shock pulse, m/sec
6. Maximum acceleration, m/sec2
7. Number of shocks
8. Strength in transportation
9. Number of vibrations
10. Length, hours
1,8. Operational Safety
All. measuring instruments are designed in such a way as to ensure the safety
of the operating personnel. All external elements of instruments and elec-
tric power sources which are under a voltage exceeding 36 V in relation to
the casing must be protected against accidental contacts during the opera-
tion of the instrument under normal conditions, and the external e lements
with voltages above 500 V must have warning signs.
In instruments which have a voltage of over 1000 V and the ground current
may exceed S mA, removable and opening lids, casings and doors must be con-
nected with an automatic blocking device which would turn off the voltage
during the removal of casings, lids, sheaths, etc. Provisions must be ma,'.c--
9
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for the c?_osure of high-voltage capacitors or connection of discharge resis-
tors ensuring their discharge to a safe voltage in not more than 10 seconds.
- Within instruments near assemblies where voltages above 500 V are present,
there must be clearly visible inscriptions or signs warning about the datr
ger. Instruments operated from the pawer network or connected to high-vol-
tage networks (over 1000 V) must have a separate terminal for grounding the
casing.
All instruments fed from the network must have a light indicator to show
that the network voltage is turned on. If the general supply and high vol-
tages are turned on separately, red light signals must correspond to the
turning-on of high voltages.
1.9 Standards
Uniformity of ineasurements is achieved by exact reproduction and storage of
the established units of physical values and transmission of their dimen-
sions to the measuring devices used. Standards are the highest link in
the transmission of the dimensions of units of ineasurements in the metro-
logical chain.
The USSR Gosstandart approves the primary and special state standards. The
primary standards serve for the reproduction of units with the today's high-
est accuracy. Special standards serve for the production of units under
special conditions in which direct transmission of the dimensions of units
from primary standards is technically unrealizable with the required degree
_ of accuracy (high and superhigh frequencies, energy, pressure, temperature,
special states of the substance, extreme sections of the range of ueasure-
ments, etc). The state primary and special standards of the USSR are devel-
oped, reproduced, and preserved by metrological institutes.
Simultaneously with the approval of a primary or special standard, a state
standard is approved which indicates the composition and the purpose of the
approved state standard and establishes a checking scheme which determines
the order of transmission of the dimensions of the units corresponding to
the means of ineasurements.
Articles w4:.h descriptions of the most important characteristics of standards
approved by the USSR Gosstandart are published regularly in the journal
"Izmeritel'naya tekhnika" [Measuring Techniques], and since 1974 in the col-
lection of information articles "Metrologiya i izmeritel'naya tekhnika" [Me-
trology and Measuring Techniques].
Since 1 January 1974, GOST 8.057-73 "Procedures for *_ne Approval, Storage,
and Use of Standards and Reference Measuring Devices" was put into effect;
this GOST establishes a single procedure for the approval of standards and
metrological certification of reference measuring devices, as well as of
their storage and application.
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Generalized information on the national primar; and specialized standards
_ of the USSR is published in the annua2 reference book "State Standards of
the USSR".
Brief informatioit on state standards serving for the reproduction of units
of time and frequency, as wea.I as of electrical and magnetic values approv-
ed by the USSR GosFtandart as of 1 January 1975 is given below (Table 1.6).
,I
7
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CHAPTER 7
FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASIIRING INSTRUMENTS
7.1. Frequency and Time Standards. Reference Generators
Field decade frequency standard Ch 1-28 is intended for the output of mono-
chromatic oscillations, as wall as for measuring the frequency of sinusoixlal
oscillations in a frequency r~-se of 20 Hz - 600 MHz under climatic and me-
chanical conditions for Group IV of GOST 9763-67.
The decade frequency converter Ch 1-28 works on the principle of frequency
synthesis of two parallel circuits. One of them is a 10 MHz reference fre-
- quency multiplier, and the second consists of five successively synchronized
generators from whose output any aibitrarily selected frequency within a
range of 60-70 MHz is delivered to the mixer. As a result of the mixing of
two frequencies of the above-mentioned circuits, it is possible to obtain
any frequency on three subranges (0-10 MHz, 10-20 MHz and 20-30 MHz) at the
generator's output by using a 0-100 Rz interpolation frequency generator.
The decade frequency standard is designed in the form of individual units:
a converter unit and a measuring unit.
The instrument set includes: 1) frequency converter unit: 2) measuring
unit; 3) technical documentation (technical record, technical description
and operation manual, checking instructions, album of simplified circuit
diagrams); 4) a set of spare parts and accessories; S) manufacturer's rat-
ing certificate.
Basic Specifications
The instrument puts out a sinusoidal-shape voltage
in the frequency range, Hz 100-30�106
Output voltage, V, in the 20 Az - 10 kHz range at a
load of 1 kiloohm and in the 10 kAz - 30 MHz range
at a 75 Ohm load, not leas than 0.5
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Klirr factor, in a frequency range of 10 Hz -
8 MHz, not more than 15
- When harmonics of the fundamental range are used
- and when the nutput voltage is not less than 100
microvolts at a load of 75 Ohms, the inEtrument

, puts out a frequency spectrum, MHz, in the range .o..... 30-600
Frequency error, Hz, does not exceed:
when switching step-by-step 1�10*7fX
in stepless regulation f(1�10'7 fX+4.5)
in a frequency range of 30 - 600 MHz �(1�10'7 fX+0.5n)
(fX nominal frequency value: n-- number of the harmonic uaed)
Frequency range, MHz (harmonics of the fundamental
ranga) ...................................o...... 20�10-6-30; 30-600
Sensitivity, B, when measuring frequency in the ranges:
20 Hz - 30 MHz .......................o....... 0.1
30 - 600 MHz 0.2
Maximum input voltage, V 3
Frequency measurement error, Hz, does not exceed in the ranges;
20 Hz - 30 MHz +(1�10'7 fX+0.5 Hz)
30 - 600 MHz �(1�10'7 fX+0.5 n)
Frequency instability of the quartz generator of the
instrtunent after a two-hour warm-up must not exceed:
in 24 hours 3�10-8
in 15 days 1�10-7
_ in 6 months 5�10-7
Correction limit, frequency of quartz generator +4�10'7
Frequencies of sinusoidal voltages stabilized with quartz
10; 5; 1 MHz; 500; 100; 50; 10; S; 1 kHz; 100 Hz (with
a Klirr factor of not over 15% at all frequencies except
10 MHz)
Voltage of delivered frequencies, V, not less r:han:
at frequencies of 10 and 5 MHz ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,5
at other frequencies 1

The device can operate from an external source of funda-
mental frequency of 1 MHz:
with a voltage, V 0.5-3
_V
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Length, hours:
of self-heating of the instrument .............e 2
of continuous operation 24
Consumed power, V�A, not over ...................e. 500
- The cesiinn frequency standard Chl-Ch2 is intended for use as a reference in
checking and graduation of frequency measures of high accuracy.
The instrument isa measu r e of frequency stabilized with respect to the fre-
quency of the energy jump between the levels of the Siyperfine structuie of
the normal state of the cesium-133 atom.
The instrument consists of a controlled quartz generator operating with a
frequency of 5 MHz, a synthesizer converting the signal of the quartz gen- -
erator to a signal close to the frequency 9 192 631 770 Hz of the energy
~
jump in the atoms of cesium, and an atomic beam tube (ALT) performing the
role of a discriminator, i.e., generating an error signal depending on the
mismatching of the frequency of the synthesizer with the frequency of the
energy jump in the atoms af cesium. The error signal is amplified and de-
livered to the frequency control device of the quartz generator.
The instrument contains also a frequency divide: for obtaining signals with
freqeuncies of 100 kHz and 1 MHz and power sources for various ALT devices.
An ALT (removable) is suppliPd with the frequency standard.
Basic Specifications
Nominal frequency values, MHz 100�10"3; 1; 5
Relative frequency error, not over +2�10"10
Relative root-mean-square error of the reproduction
of the actual value of frequency from one "on" con-
dition to another when the electronic part of the
, device works continuously does not exceed 2�10"11
Frequency instability during the measuring and read-
ing time equal to 1 and 10 sec does not exceed 2�10'10
Frequency checking of the instrument is done with the aid of a reference
measure of frequency of a higher accuracy, for example, a hydrogen genera-
tor.
The frequency of the instrument being checked is compared with the frequency
of the reference measure with the aid of a frequency comparator and an elec-
tronic frequency meter.
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The hydrogen frequency standard Chl-46 is intended for use as a source of
highly stable,highly accurate, spectrally pure sinusoidal signals in various
measuring and special systems, including systems for the reproduction and
storage of time and frequency units (Figure 7.1).
The instrument operates on the principle of phase synchronization of the
signal of a quartz generator of 5 MHz by the signal of a quantum hydrogen
generator. The instrument consists of two racks one of which contains an
additional frequency meter Ch3-38. The instrument performs two kinds of
operations: tuning and automatic phase adjustment of frequency (FAP). In
the first kind of operation, the instrument tunes the hydrogen generator
(VG) to the vertex of the spectral lirLe. The signals of both VG of 1420,
405 MHz are delivered to the input of the synctironization unit through a
coaxial switch whose control knob "Operation Type" is on the front panel of
the instrumerit and through a coaxial tee (E6-11). For tuning, the frequency ~
_ of one of the generators is shifted by the magnetic field by 1 Hz and the
beat frequency signal of the VG of 7 Hz is delivered from the synchroniza- -
tion unit to the input of the frequency meter Ch3-38. In the FAP operation
mode, the signal of the VG is sent to the input of its synchronization unit
and, as a result of this, autamatic phase adjustment of frequency of the
quartz generator by the hydrogen generator is accomplished. The synchroni-
zation unit is a superheterodyne receiver with triple frequency conversion.
The instrument set includes: 1) hydrogen frequency standards (2 items); 2)
electron-counting frequency meter Ch3-38; 3) preliminary selection unit
Ya34-34; 4) power supply unit; 5) demagnetizing unit; 6) pump TsVN-1.5-3;
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Figure 7.1

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7) set of spare parts and accessories which includes: adapter, connecting
cables (2 items), buses (5 items), bolts (3 items), washers (10 items), nuts
(20 items), keys (2 items), sodium hydroxide 4Da (1 kg), special vacuum
rubber tube (2 m), bifurcating device E6-11, protecting devices VP1-1-5A
(S items), 1-15 A(5), VP1-1-3A (5 items), VP1-1-1A(5), transistors 2T904A
(10), pins (3 items); 8) technical description and operation manual;
9) reference ganerator YaZCh-35; 10) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Nominal values of output signals, MHz 5:1:0.1
Frequency production error from one instrument to
another not more than +5�10"12
Systematic deviation from the nominal frequency value
of output signals not more than 4�10'11
Root-mean-square error of the reproduction of the
acrual value of frequency of the hydr.ogen generator
from one tuning to another and from one "on" posi-
tion to another not more than 2�10'13
RMS error of the reproduction of the actual value of
the frequency of the output signal of 5 MHz from one
tuning to anothFr and from one "on" position to an-
- other not more than 3�10"13
Frequency instability of the output signal of S MHz (RMS value)
with a band of the measuring device of 2 Hz not over:
in 1 second 1.5�1012
in 10 seconds 3�1013
in 100 seconds 4�1014
in one hour 5�1014
(with temperature variation of the environment of not
more than �1 degree C)
Service life of the instrument, years, not less than 7
Operation life, hours, not less than 10,000
The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67 and directions
for checking shown in the section "Checking Instructions" of the technical
description anu instruction for operation.
The frequency standard Chl-53 (reference quartz generator) is intended for
producing frequency-stable sinusoidal shape, 0.1, 1, 5 MHz signals in the
_ mode of long continuous operation. It is used as a source of reference fre-
quenc y in various radio technical measurements.
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The instrument operates on the principle of aynchronous conversion of fre-
quency of 5 MHz generated by the quartz generstor into a signal with a fre-
quency of 1 MHz and further with a frequency of 0.1 MHz. The instrumenr
consists of a quartz generstor, a quartz filter, a frequency divider, and
a power unit.
The instrument is designed on a functional unit principle in the form of a
portable table instrument without a case.
Basic Specifications
Output frequencies, MHz 0.1, 1, S
RMS relative random variation of the frequency of the
output signal after 24 hours of operation:
in 1 second 2�10-11
in 10 seconds .........................o.......... 2�10-11
Level of output signals 1 V for RW$rmed = 50 Ohms.
The weakening of the harmonic camponents of the output
signals, dB, not less than 40
The power of the components of the signal spectrum of
5 MHz measured in a band of the analysis of 6�2 Az is,
in dB, from the power and signal of the carrier for the
frequencies removed from the carrier not more than;
by 30 Hz ...................o..................... 100
by 300 ;3z 120
by 3000 Hz ...............o.............o......... 135
Power supply from an
alternating current network
with
a voltage of, V...........oo..o....,........
220+10%
with
a frequency
of, Hz .................o.....,..
50+17.
with
voltages, V
.....................a.o.........
220+5%
115+570
with
a frequency
of, Hz ...................o.o....
400+7%
-37
~
from a direct current network
with a voltage of, V ........................o,,,. 27
Power consumption, V�A 25
Dimensions, mm 475X490X135
Weight, kg 20 '
Operating temperature range, degrees C 5-40
17
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The Chl-53 is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67.
The reference generator Chl-54 is intended for producing frequency-stable
_ sinusoidal shape signals of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 100 MHz in the mode of long con-
tinuous operation.
- 7:'he instrument includes a quartz generator, a divider, a frequency multiplier,
and a buffer amplifier. After sequential division of a 5 MHz signal, sig-
nals with frequencies of 1 and 0.1 MHz are removed from the divider. The
= multiplier converts the signal from the generator to signals with frequen-
cies of 10 and 100 MHz.
This instrument is a bench model, has a functional-block arrangement system,
and is based entirely on printed wiring.
The instrument set includes: 1) reference generator Chl-54; 2) plate; 3)
connecting cords (2 items); 4) connecting cables (3 items); 5) tubes SM-46
(2 items); 6) protective devices VP1-1-0.5 A(6 items); 7) technical de-
scription and operation manual; 8) technical records; 9) reference gener-
ator Ya34-36; 10) technical description and operation manual; 11) technical
record,
Basic Specifications
Output frequencies, MHz 0.1; 1; 5; 10;
100
Relative changes of the mean value of the frequency
of output signals in 24 hours �5�10'9
Temperature coefficient of frequency, degree C..... �1�10-9
Leve;. of output signals, V ...............o.o....... 0.5
Level of noise components, dB 100
Power consumption, V�A ....................o...... 35
The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67.
The selective amplifier of highly stable signals Ch5-22 is intended for im-
proving spectrum of a signal with a frequency of 1 MHz transmitted through
a cable at long distances and for eliminating interference of consumers.
The instrument consists of a quartz filter, four identical selective output
amplifiers for a f requency of 1 MHz, and a power supply unit. The input
signal is transmitted from the transmission line to the narrow-band quartz
filter. The quartz filter is a temperature-controlled quartz resonator.
The output signal from the quartz filter is delivered through the appropri-
ate amplifier to the output connector. Four separate amplifiers at the
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output of the instrument make it possible to eliminate interference of the
consumers for all four output connectors.
This instrument set includes: 1) se lective amplifier of highly stable sig-
nals Ch5-22; 2) box; 3) connecting cord; 4) protective devices VP1-1-1 A
(3 items) ; 5) technical deacription and operation manual; 6) technical re-
cord.
Basic Specifications
- Output frequency, MHz 1.0
Level of output signal, V ...................o..... 0.8
Level of intemal noise components in the spectrum
of the output signal, dB ..................o...... 90
Phase instability, microsecond 0.2
Passband at a level of 3 dB, Hz 250+50
Power consumption, V�A 20
The quartz generator Chl-40 is intended for use as a synchronized source of
_ the reference signal in various types of frequency-measuring units and sys-
- tems. The instrument satisfies the requirements of GOST 9763-67.
This generator consists of the following main units; a quartz generator con- -
- sisting of a driving stage, an amp lifier of automatic amplification control,
and a buffer amplifier situated in a single-stage thermostatic chamber; a
thermostatic control unit; a qLartz filter having an input and an output am-
plifiers; an automatic phase control unit (APF); a block of frequency divid-
ers consisting of regenerative frequency dividers; and power supply unit.
) The reference signal with a frequency of 5 MHz is generated by the quartz
generator, is amplif ied and detected in the circuit of automatic level con-
trol, is amplified by the output amplifier, and is delivered from it to the
~ output amplifying stage of the APF unit, as well as to `he quartz filter
from which signals of S MHz are delivered to the output connectors which
are located on the back panel, as well as to the regenerative divider of
1 MHz, From this divider, the signal is delivered to the output connector
and to the regenerative divider of 100 kHz from which the signal goes to the
output connector.
The generator set includes: 1) case; 2) container; 3) box; 4) spare parts
and accessories; 5) description, operation manual; 6) manufacturer's rating
certificate.
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Basic Specifications
Frequencies of output signals, MHz 5; 1; 0.1
I,imits of the corrected frequency of the output sig-
nals with the resolving power of the corrector of
+1�10"9 must be not less than �1; 5�10-7
The error in the establishment of the nominal fre-
quency value after 8 hours of self-heating when the
instrument is released by tne manufacturer must be
not more than +3�10"8
Frequency instability of the output signal of the
instrument after 24 hours at an ambient temperature
maintained to an accuracy of one degree C must be
not over:
after 24 hours of self-heating 3�10'9
after 30 days of continuous operation 1�10'9
Frequency instability of the output signal of the
instrument after 24 hours of self-heating at an
ambient temperature maintained to an accuracy of
�1 degree C must be not over:
in 10 minutes 2�10'10
in or.e hour 5�10-10
Maximum frequency drift in 30 days of continuous
operation after one month of preliminary warmup
and without turning the instrument off must not
exceed 5�10-8
Frequency instability after 24 hours of self-heating
must not be over:
in 1 ms .............o...................eo... 5�10-9
in 10 ms .............o...................... . 1�10�9
in 0.1 s .................o..... 3�10-10
in 1 s .................oo... 1�10-10
in 10 s 1�10-10
Temperature coefficient of the frequency of the in-
strument, degree C, in the temperature interval
from 5 to 40 degrees C must be not over 5�10"10
Output signal level, V, for frequencies:
1 MHz and 100 kHz at a load resistance of 50
ohms, not less than 1
5 MHz at a load resistance of 200 ohms 0.8
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Power supply from an alternating current network
wich a voltage, V 220+10
with a frequency, Hz, of 50
at a harmonic level, 70, not over 5
from a direct currcnt network
with voltage, V
with 3 pulsation level, mV, of not over
The switching of the power supply from an alternat-
ing current network to a direct current network must
be donQ automatically.
Dimensions, mm
Weight, kg
7.2. Reaonance Frequency Meters
27�3
10
120R480X475
20
Medium-Accuracy Resonance Frequency Meters Ch2-36 A, Ch2-37 A. Medium-ac-
curacy resonance frequency meters Ch2-36 A and Ch2-37 A are intended for
measuring frequencies of cont-inuous and pulse-modulated microwave oscilla-
tions under field and laboratory conditions. These instruments operate at
ambient temperatures from -30 to 50 degrees C and a relative air humidity
ot up to 957o at 30 degrees C.
These resonance frequency meters are portable instruments. They consist of
an absorbing attenuator, a coaxial resonator with coupling elements and a
retuning mechanism, a converter, an amplifier, and a needle indicator. The
signal being measured is delivered through the communication cable to the
instrument's input and then through the attenuator which makes it possible
to measure the power level of the signal goes to the coaxial resonator
connected with the attenuator by a coupling loop. The resonator is retuned
by moving the plunger with the aid of a mechanism with reference scales.
The reading is taken from two scales rough and accurate, after which the
table attached to the instrument is used for determining the measured fre-
quency.
The set of each instrument includes: 1) tables; 2) spare parts; 3) techni-
cal description and operation manu3l.
Basic Specifications
Frequency ranges, MAz
for Ch2-36 A ..........................o.......
for Ch2-37 A
Frequency measurement error, not over
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5500-7700
7700-10,700
0.05
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Sensitivity, mV�A, in measuring frequencies of: .
continuous oscillations, not lawer than 0.5
pulse-modulated oscillations, not less than 0.2
Dimensions, mm 335%286X162
Weight, kg 9
- Automatic Panoramic Resonance Frequency Meter Ch2-55 is intended for auto-
matic and simultaneous observation and measurement of all frequencies of
continuous as well as of pulse-modulated signals arriving at the input of
the instrument within a range of 5.64-8.24 GHz, This instrument is intended
for work under the conditions of laboratories, plants, and inspection and
repair snops. The panoramic frequency meter utilizes the phenomenon of
ferromagnetic resonance. For this reason, a ferrite band filter on two
_ crossing waveguides is used. -
A special ferrite sphere is installed strictly along the center of the
coupling hole in the common wide wall of thQSe waveguides. When microwave
oscillations are delivered to the ferrite sphere, th-2 microwave energy is
reradiated from one waveguide to another on a frequency determined by the
external magnetic field created by the electromagnet.
The operation of the entire instrument is synchronized by the pulse gener-
ator with a frequency of about 200 Hz. The formed and amplified sawtooth
voltage of this frequency is delivered to the horizontal plates of the elec-
tron-ray tube (ELT). The formed and amplified voltage of the staircase-
sawtooth form divided by six is delivered to the vertical pl4tes of the ELT.
- The amplified sawtooth voltage of this frequency is sent to the electromag-
net for creating a variable magnetic field.
The microwave signals arriving at the input of the instrument are passed by
the ferrite waveguide system selectively and synchronously, are detected,
amplified, and delivered to the vertical plates of the ELT.
Thus, there forms a line-frame scanning which creates on the screen of the
ELT five horizontal action lines (the sixth one is beyond the screen) grad-
uated directly in gigahertz and marks of the signals being studied whose
frequency can be read directly on the scale of the ELT. For calibrating
~ Che frequency of the scale, a special calibrator is used which puts out sig-
-QI nals of two fixed microwave signals whose frequencies are separated by ap-
proximately 2 GHz.
The instrument is designed in the form of individual units housed in one
casing.
The frequency meter set includes: 1) storage box; 2) horn antenna; 3) draw
tube; 4) power supply cord; 5) technical description and operation manual;
6) manufacturer's rating certif icate.
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Basic Specifications
Frequency range, GHz 5.64 - 8.24
Relative error of frequency measurements not
over .......................................o...... 0.5
~ Instrument sensitivity, mP, when receiving micro-
wave signals:
- continuous, not lower than 5�10- 3
pulse-modulated signals with a length not less
than one microsecond and a repetition fre-
quency of not less than 1 kHz not below 2�10- 1
Instrument's resolution, MHz, during reception of
� continuous signals when the difference of their
levels is not more than 3 dB must be not less than. 8
- Power supply from an alternating current network;
with a woltage, V, of 220+10%
with a frequency, Hz, of 50+17.
Power consumption, V�A, not over 150
Dimensions, mm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,a,,,,....., 490X 2 55X480
Weight, kg 28
7.3. Electronic Counting Frequency Meters
F206-Type Digital Frequency Meter is intended for measuring frequencies from
0.01 to 100 kfiz under the following operating conditions: ambient air tem-
perature from +S to +50 degrees C at a relative humidity from 30 t o 80% with-
in the entire range of operating temperatures (Group III GOST 12997-67);
voltage of the alternating current network 220 V with permissible voltage
variations from +10 to -15%; voltage frequency of the power network 50+1 Hz.
This device can be used in informational measuring systems, in production,
and in laboratory work.
The output code is used for registering the results of ineasurement s on di-
gital printers and punched cards; for dupl.icating the results of ineasure-
ments with the aid of digital indicators; for code comparators; for feeding
into a computer with the aid of special matching devices.
The F206 device consists of two units: converter P206 and frequency meter
F2a6-4.
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FOR OFrICIAL USE ONLY
The converter includes the following main assemblies: input device; voltage-
to-�requency converter (PNCh); linearization device; power supply unit.
_ The frequency meter consists of three units (A, B, C) and a power supply
unit. The instrument operates on the principle of conversion of the value
being measured to the frequency and its further measurement by a special-
ized digital frequency meter.
In order to reduce the error of the measurement results from the nonlinear
output characteristic of the sensor, the instrument linearizes this charac-
teristic with the aid of a special device. The instrument is based on in-
tegrated microcircuits with the use of discrete semiconductor elements and
gas-discharge tubes with digital indication.
Figure 7.2
The instrument is designed in the form of two inserted units installed in a
common frame (OST [All-Union Standard] 25.51-71). Moreover, the frequency
meter F206-4 (Figure 7.2) is produced as a laboratory variant.
All instruments are divided into functional assemblies which are arranged on
individual plates with printed wiring. The assembly wiring in each unit and
the wiring of the instruments in the comnon frame are done with the use of
bunched conductors. Sensors are connected to the instrument with the aid of
a four-wire line the resistance of whose eash leg must not exceed 100 ohms.
The instrument has two operation modes: internal automatic triggering and
external triggering...
The instrument automatically indicates the temperature sign.
The set of the instrument includes: 1) F206 device; 2) spare parts and ac-
cessories according to the list; 3) technical description and operation
manual; 4) technical record,
24
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

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; - ~ ,

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Basic Specifications
Measurement limits:
frequency, kHz 0.01-100
temperature, degree C -200;-650
Basic measurement errors,
frequency +0.01
temperature 40.2 (Xk-Xp)
operation speed, measurements/second, not less
than 1
Time of preliminary warming-up before operation,
minutes, must not be more than 30
Time of continuous work of the instrument without
calibration and zero adjustment, hours, not less
than 50
Dimensions of the instrument must not exceed, mn,
for:
F206 237R101X275
F206-1 490R110%450
Instrument weight, kg, must not exceed for:
F206 4
F206-1 13
Instruments of the F206-type are checked by the method described in the tech-
nical specifications TU 25-04-2450-74 and in the operation manual.
The Electronic Counting Frequency Meter Ch3-36 is intended for measuring
the frequency and period of sinusoidal and pulsed signals, pulse duration,
and frequency ratios of electrical oscillations.
During the measurement of frequency, the instrument counts the number of
pulses formed from the signal being studied during a reference time inter-
val created by the signals of the internal quartz generator. During the
measurements of the period or the pulse length, the instrument counts the
number of pulses formed on the basis of the frequence of the internal quartz
generator during the time interval determined by the period of the signal
or the length of the pulse being studied.
The frequency meter set includes: 1) box with spare parts; 2) technical
description and operation manual; 3) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range of sinusoidal and pulsed signals of
negative polarity at the A input, Hz
25
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
10-50-106
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Sensitivity, V, at the A output not lesa than;
in a range of 10 Hz - 30 MHz 0.1
for sinusoidal signals ..............o......... 0.2
for pulsed signals in a range of 30-50 MHz 0.5
Error of the frequency of 5 MHz of the inner generator
not over:
in the course of one month .................o.. +1.5.10'7
in the course of 6 months +2.5�10"7
Average relative frequency variation of the inner
quartz generator in 24 houra must be not more than. +3�10-8
The unit and averaged coeff icient of averaging is
equal to 10, 102, 103,104
Period of electrical signals, microseconds 10-104
Length of ineasured pulses, microseconds 1-104
Input voltage, V 0.5-50
Repetition rate of pulses being measured, kHz 100
Maximum frequencies of the frequencies of signals
being compared, kHz:
highest 50�103
Iowest 100
- The instruments are checked in accordance with GOST 1I3305-67 and GOST 13628-
68.
Electronic Counting Frequency Meter Ch3-37 is intended for automatic measure-
ments of frequency, the period and the ratio of f requency of electrical
oscillations; automatic measurements of time intervals and pulse length;
counting the number of electrical oscillations; division of the frequency
of electrical oscillations;output of voltages of quartz-crystal frequencies;
and for work with plug-in units.
This instrument operates on the principle of counting the number of pulses
during a definite time interval. The instrument includes blocks of ampli-
fiers and shapers, a selector, a counting unit, an automation unit, a fre-
quency divider, a generator or time marks, a quartz generator, and a power
supply unit. This instrument is a desk model using printed wiring.
The instrument set includes: 1) electronic aounting frequency meter Ch3-37;
2) connecting cables (7 items); 3) connecting cords (2 items); 4) plate;
S) connecting cable; 6) laboratory clamp; 7) tubes INS-1 (2 items) and IP-
12A; 8) protective devices VP1-1-1A (5 items) and RP1-1-2A (5 items); 9)
jack plugs RPM 7-50 Sh-PBA (3 items); 10) box; 11) technical description
26
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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and operation manual; 12) technical records; quartz generator NChZ-35; tech-
nical description and operation manual; 13) technical records.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range, MHz
Input signal voltage being measured, V............
Measured period in the frequence range, MHz
Input signal voltage, V
Pulse duration, microsecond, not less than
Frequency ratio measurement range, MHz
Power consumption, V�A
The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67.
0-10
0.1 - 100
u-i.o
0.1-100
0.1
0-10
70
Analog Frequency Meter Ch4-29 is i*.:tended for measuring frequencies of
sinusoidal signals and the repetition frequency of pulse sequences, as well
as for use as a frequency discriminator.
The instrument is based on the pulse-counting discriminator. The function-
al part of the analog frequency meter Ch4-29 includes a video amplifier, a
shaper, a converter, an interpolator, a calibrator, low-frequency filters,
and a power supply unit. This instrument is designed as a table model and
has a builtin power source. The main units have printed wiring with re-
leasable connections.
The instrument set includes: 1) analog frequency meter Ch4-29; 2) combina-
tion set; 3) box; 4) repair plate; 5) circuit plate; 6) connecting cables
(8 items); 7) network connecting cord; 8) connecting block; 9) safety devices
VP1-10, 25A (5 items); 10) tube IPS-1; 11) laboratory clamps (2 items); 12)
technical description and operation manual; 13) technical record,
Basic Specifications
Measured frequency range, Hz
Measurement error, %
Sensitivity, V
Power consumption, V�A
27
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
10; 10�106
1
0.1
15
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The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67.
The Electronic Counting Frequency Meter Ch3-38 is intended for measuring
the frequency, period, and frequency ratio of electrical oscillations; mea-
suring time intervals and pulse duration; counting the number of alectrical
oscillations and delivering voltages of stabilized frequencies. The instru-
ment operates at temperatures from -10 to 50 degrees C.
The instrument operates on the princi.ple of counting the number of pulses
during a def inite time interval. During frequency measurements, the number
of pulses formed from the measured input signal during the duration of the
strobe pulse is counted. When the period is measured, the number of refer-
ence-frequency pulses is counted during the duration of the strobe pulse
which in this case is equal to the period being measured.
- The instrument is designed as a portable table model and it can be built in-
to a standard rack.
The frequency meter set includes: 1) box; 2) connecting cables (10 items);
3) connecting cords (2 items); 4) plates (2 items); 5) matching transformer;
6) coaxial adapter; 7) laboratory clamps (2 items); 8) indicating lamps (3
items); 9) safety devices (10 items); 10) plugs (3 items); 11) technical
description and operation manual; 12) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency measurement range, Hz From 0 to 5�107
Permissible relative error ..................o..... �(CSo+l of count)
Relative error of the frequency of the quartz gen-
erator after two hours of self-heating in the course
of six months, not more than ................>.a... �2.5�10-7
Frequency range for the measurement of the period,
Hz from 0 to 1�106
Permissible relative error ( b o� 3�10-3/n +1), (n is the aver-
- aging coefficient of the period being measured)
Weight, kg .................o...................... 17
The instrument is checked according to GOST 9763-67 and checking instructions
given in the technical description included in the set.
The Electronic Counting Frequency Meter Ch3-39 is intended for measuring the
frequency, period and frequency ratio of electrical oscillations; for mea-
suring time intervals and pulse duration; for counting the number of elec-
trical oscillations; and for delivering voltages of stable frequencies.
28
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
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The instrument operates at temperatures from 5 to 40 degrees C.
This instrument operates on the principle of counting the number of pulses
for a definite time in*_erval. During frequency measurements, the number of
pulses formed from the measured input signal during the duration of the
strobe pulse is counted. When the period is measured, the number of refer-
ence-frequency pulses during the duration of the strobe pulse, which in this
case is equal to the measured period, is counted. It has a single-line
eight-digit display with the "Pamyat"' [Memory] system.
The instrument is designed as a portable desk model and can be built into a
standard rack.
The frequency meter set includes: 11 box; 2) connecting cables (10 items);
3) connecting cords (2 items); 4) plates (2 items); 5) matching transformer;
6) coaxial adapter; 7) laboratory clamps (2 items); 8) indicating lamps (3
items); 9) protective devices (10 items); 10) plugs (3 items); 11) techni-
cal description and operation manual; 12) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency measurement range, Hz
Permissible relative error, $ o+l unit of count),
s o-- frequency error of the instrument's quartz
generator.
Relative frequency error of the quartz generator
after 2 hours of self-heating in the course of six
months, not.over. ................o,..,,..........
Frequency range during meapsrement of the period,
Hz ...................................ooooo.......
From 10 to 2�108
+2.5�10'7
From 0 to 1�106
Permissible relative eri�or +(C50�3�10"3/n +1), (n averaging
coefficient of the measured period),
Weight, kg 18
The instrument is checked according to GOST 9763-67 and checking directions
given in the technical description included in the set.
Electronic Counting Frequency Meter F5035 is intended for measuring the fre-
quency and period of the electrical oscillati.ons; for counting electrical
signals; and for measuring the percentage deviation of the actual value of
the measured frequency from its nominal value established on the frequency
meter.
29
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The instrument is intended for operation in enclosed heated areas at an
ambient air temperature from 10 to 35 degrees C and a relative humidity of
up to 8070.
The electronic counting frequency meter is based on elements of unified
standard designs. Its functional units are based on integrated microcir-
cuits with the use of printed wiring.
The frequency meter consists of a quartz generator unit (KG), a display unit,
- an input device, a frequency divider, a high=frequency meter, a control unit,
a switching unit, a shaping unit, and a power supply unit.
The frequency meter has three control modes: manual, automatic, and remote-
control.
Ma.nual control is accomplished with the "Reset", "Start", and "Stop" buttons.
In the automatic mode, the display time of the results of ineasurements is
regulated smoothly within the range of 0.5-5 seconds. Remote control of the
"Reset", "Start", and "Stop" inputs is accomplished by positive pulses wi_th
a duration of not less than one microsecond, a length of the leading edge of
not more than 0.1 microsecond, and an amplitude of 3-30 V.
The instrument set includes: 1) frequency meter F5035; 2) set of connecting
cables; 3) spare lamps of the types KM 24-35, IP-12B; 4) technical descrip-
tion and operation manual.
Basic Specif ications
Frequency of ineasured electrical oscillations in
the frequency range, Hz ................oo........ 0.1-50�106
Period of ineasured electrical oscillations in the
frequency range, MHz ..................o...o.a.o.. 0.1-1
Relative frequency error of the inner quartz gen-
erator in the course of 10 days after tuning �5�10"8
Relative value of the average 24-hour systematic
frequency change not over ................oa. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLX
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Relative measurement error of frequency deviation,
- not more than, for the measurement time:
24 hours .............................o....... +5�10-11
1 hour � 10-9
Weight, kg ...........................ooo..o...... 24
The instrument is checked according to GOST 9763-67 and checking instructions
given in the technical description included in the set.
- The Phase Comparator Ch7-17 is intended for comparing the phases of s ignals
of two highly stable generators. They are used in developing and checking
quartz and quantum-mechanical measures of frequency. The instrument oper-
ates at an ambient air temperature from 5 to 40 degree C.
The instrument operates on the principle of proportional dependence of the
constant output voltage on the changes in the difference of the phases of
signals at the input.
The instrument is designed as a separate unit in a rigid supporting frame.
The comparator set includes: 1) feeder cable; 2) technical description and
operation manual; 3) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency of input signals, MHz .........o........ 0.001-1
Working section of phase difference measurement,
rads 0.2-1.8
Input signal voltage, V 0.5-1.5
Input resistance of channels, kOhm, not less than. 1
Dimensions, mm 114X120X3 08
Weight, kg ..................oo.............o..... 3
The instrument i.s checked according to GOST 9763-73 and checking instructions
given in the technical description incYuded in the set.
The Frequency Comparator Ch7-12 is intended for measuring the frequency and
phase instability of highl.q stable sources of si.gnals.. When used in combin-
ation wi.:c: an electronic counting frequency meter, a spectrum analyzer, a
recording microammeter, and a frequency deviation meter, it can be used: to
measure the frequency difference of two signals and frequency instability;
to evaluate the distribution of the spectral density of the phase f luctua-
tions of oscillations; to measure frequency deviation in a particular fre-
quency band; to adjust the frequency of signal sources by a standard or
atomic measure.
60
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFI(:IAL USE ONLY
The instrument operates a*_ an ambient air temperature from 5 to 40 degrees
C.
The instrument operates on the principle of increasing the resolution of
measurements of frequency instability of output signala by the method of the
~ multiplication of *_he difference of their frequenciea.
The comparator is designed as a portable desk model and can be installed in
a standard rack.
. The comparator set includes: 1) unit of phase detectors; 2) converter unit;
3) connecting cables (13 items) ; 4) signal lamp; 5) safety devices (5 items);
- 6) connecting cords (2 items); 7) technical description and operation man-
' ual; 8) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Relative
with the
over; 1;
l.lp-10;
Input si
frequency instability af/f introduced by the comparator
interval of the averaging time of, respectively 100 and '
0.1; 0.01, and 0.001 is equal to 2�10-13; 1�10'12; 1�10'11;
1�10"9. ~
gnal frequency, MHz ...........o........... 1 and 5
Weight, kg ..........................o...o......... 15
_ The instrument is checked according GOST 9763-67 and checking instruction
given in the technical description included in the set. ~
7.9. Synchronometers
The Synchrnonometer Ch7-20 (Figure 7.12) is intended for: measuring time in-
tervals between pulses coming from two different sources; measuring the
length of pulses and poses between pulses from two different sources; dis-
playing measurement results on a digital chart; delivering signal coding to
-an external registering device; delivering quartz-frequency voltages.

~i'~~'~~~,+^'~T
i
. . . . , .
~ . ~ , .
- '-..:.s
F igure 7.12
61
FOR OFFICIAL TJ5E UNLX
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The instrun,ent's operating conditions are: operating temperature range from
+5 to +40 degrees C; relative air humidity up to 90-95% at an ambient Cem-
perature of up to +30 degrees C; atmospheric pressure 96-104 kPa. The in-
strwnent can also measure the average speed at a segment of a trajectory
known in advance, distance, exact time, the fact of occurrence of some event,
and other physical values iF they are converted to pulses. The instrument
simplifies the adjustment, tuning, and testing of various pulsed radio equip-
ment requiring exact measurements of time intervals and length of pulses and
pauses between pulses.
The instrument is based on the method of consecutive counting which consists
in the following. The automatic control device forms a gate pulse from the
variable interval being measured which goes to the selector. During the
operation of the gate pulse, quartz-frequency pulses go through the open
selector to the counting unit; these ti_me markers are counted by the counting
unit. The length of the gate pulse is equal to the length of the time in-
terval being measured.
The instrument set includes: 1) synchronizer Ch7-20; 2) time interval unit
YaZCh-30 in a storage box; 3) set of spare parts which includes; box, con-
necting cords (2 items); connecting cables (10 items), plates (2 items),
_ lamps INS-1 (2 items), lamp IP-12A, safety devices VP1-1-1A (5 items), VP1-2
A(5 items), plugs RPM7-50 Sh-PB-A (3 items); 4) technical description and
operation manual for Ch7-20; 5) technical record for Ch7-20; 6) technical
description and operation manual for YaZCh-30; 7) technical record for YaZCh-
- 30; 8) technical description and operation manual for YaZCh-36; 9) technical
record for YaZCh-36.
The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67.
Basic Specifications
Time interval range, s 10'7-10
Instrument sensitivity in channels C and D, V..... 0.3
(Relative error of the measurement of time intervals and lengths
with input pulses with edges of not over 4 ns per one V is not
- more than the total error 6T = + (5o � 2 o/Tmeas - � 6o � al ;
d o-- relative error due to the noncoincidence of the phases of
rhe pulse determining the beginning and the end of the counting
time and pulses of the quartz frequency of filling (+1 count unit);
To repetition period of pulses of quartz frequency of filling;
Tmeas " time interval being measured. Relative error of the fre-
quency of the output signal of the quartz generator after self-
- heating:
in the course of one month, not over +1.5�10'7
in the course of six months, not over 2.5�10"7
62
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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The rzading of the error is done from the moment of
the establishment of the actual value of the fre-
quency with a relative error, not over o...... +2.0�10'8
in the mode "With Blocking", the instrument measures time intervals
only in the presence of an external signal "Removal of Blockiag".
The "Removal of Blocking" signal is a pulse of negative polarity
with an awplitude of 6-10 V. There is a possibility of distanc.e
control with the switch "Time Markers" and the button "Reset";
it puts out infotmation with a decimal points to the recording
device in the binary-decimal code 8-4-2-1 with the follawing voltage
levels, V, at a load of 18 kOhm:
level "0", not less than -4
level "1", not more than -0.8
Information output is accompanied by reference voltages, V, at a
load of 18 kOhm:
level "Oll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . -4+10%
level "1ll .........................o........... 1+10%
Power consuaption, V�A at a nominal network voltage,
not over 80
- 63
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE OISLY
CAAP'I'ER 8
INSTRUMENfS FOR MEASURING PHASE DIFFERENCE AND GROiTP DELAY TIME
8.1. Devices for Checking Phase Differer.ce Meters and Group Delay Time
Meters
The Phase Calibrator F1-1 is intended for checking, graduation, and certi-
fication of electronic phase meters at fixed frequencies of 30, 500, and
1000 Hz under laboratory and workshop conditions.
The principle of the reproduction of phase shifts with the use of phase-
measuring devices based on electron-ray tubes is based on the fact that the
appearance of identical positions of single and multiple Lissajous figures
occurs at strictly determined phase increments of voltages of mLitiple fre-
quencies which are esCablished by a circularly graduated phase shifter in a
phase-variable channel.
amr (1)
, KG Kr lia.r.
Vb'
e~
DF ~q p
rV~
GF
r----- -
3AN~LI
PTsl
nur
~ WO
i
yBO
~
i
nuz
PTs2
PF 1
na~i
n~2
PF 2
VUl
gy~
~
~
i
i
Byp
VU2
~
1
yr0
~
At
- - - - -

AZ
U!
I ~ II
Ud
Figure 8.1
,
Key: 1.
kHz
64 �
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY '
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
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The block diagram of the instrument (Figure 801) consists of a KG quartz
generator; VF auxiliary phase shifter; GF graduated phase shifter;
PTsl., PTs2 recalculation circuits; PF1, PF2 band filters; V1T1, Vi12
output amplif iers; A1, A2 attenuators; DVO, IIGO amplifiers of vertical
and horizontal deviations in the channel of the electron-ray indicator ELI,
- Volt3ges with the frequencies of 1.08, 18, and 36 kHz from the master KG
oscillator enter one frequency-division channel through the auxiliary phase
shifter VF, and the other through the graduated phase shifter GF which en-
sure the change of the output voltages from 0 to 360 degrees and through
the recalculation circuits PTsl and PTs2 and band filters PF1 and PF2 to the
_ output amplifiers Wl and VII2. Attenuators A1 and A2 measure the output
- signals in the channels.
The electron-ray indicator (ELI) is used f or monitoring the phase shift and
its establishment of the zero value. The additional phase shifter DF is
turned on in the ELI cnannel for working in a single-channel mode.
= The phase calibrator is designed as a des k-type laboratory instrument.
The instrument set includes: 1) phase calibrator with a 'Uu ilt-in power sup-
ply cord; 2) SM-37 lamps (2 items) ; 3) cab le for connecting to phase meter
KPF; 4) connecting cable for repairs RSR; 5) "crocodile"-type clamp; 6) set
of safety devices PM-0.5, PM-1, PM-2 (2 it ems each) ; 7) set of operational
documentation and a docunent certifying the checking of the instrument.
The checking is done not less tYian once a year in accordance with the methods
given in the operational documentation for the instrument.
Basic Specifications
Phase shift measuring range, degrees 0-360
Operating frequencies, Hz 30, 500, 1000
Frequency adjustment error, 9', . . . . o . +1
Relative frequency instability, % 2�lp-5
- Error of phase shift increment, degrees ....o...... 0.1
Coefficient of nonlinear signal distor tions in each
channel, % 1
- Output voltage levels, V 0.1-10
Output resistance, Ohms, not over .......o......... 150
Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V ...........................e........ 220+10%
frequency, Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . .o o . . . . . 50417.
65
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Dimensions 560X344X342
Weight, kg .......................o~ooo.... 30
The Phase Calibrator F1-2 is intended for checking, calibration and certi-
fication of electronic phase meters on fixed frequencies of 5, 10, 20, 50,
100, 200 kHz (Figure 8.2). The instrument can operate under shop and lab-
oratory conditions corresponding to the second group of GOST 9763-67.
Figure 8.2
The instrtucient operates on the principle of setting the phase shift angle
from 0 to 360 degrees with an inaccurate (series) phase shifter on one fre-
quency (200 kAz) and measuring this shift angle with an,accurate phase
shifter with the aid of the Lissajous figures and subsequent division of
the frequency of 200 kHz in two channels. -
The principle of the reproduction of phase shifts with the use of a phase
measuring instrument using an elECtron-ray tube is based on the fact that
the appearance of identical positions of multiple Lissajous figures occurs
after strictly definite phase increments which are established by the cir-
~ cular phase shif ter in a phase-variable channel.
Ph,:Ge shifr increments are monitored with a phase measuring device with an
electron-ray tube by multiple Lissajous figures with a frequency ratio of
1:36.
The f unctional diagram of the instrument is shown in Figure 8.3.
Voltage with a f requency of 7.2 MHz from the alternating current unit BPN
goes to the inputs of the frequency divider DChl with a scaling factor of
36. Simultaneously, a signal is delivered from the alternating voltage unit
to the vertical deflection amplifier WO of the electron-ray tube. From
the output of the frequency divider, DChl, a voltage with a frequency of
~ 66
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200 kHz is sent to the main phase shifter OF and additional phase shifter
DF. The main phase shifter OF with the limits from 0 to 360 degrees mea- -
sures phases of the voltage arriving at the "variable phase" channel.
(6)
Fj
9cunume1b I 1
Q~Nm~KOne-
qo'
nepeeper+o-
~ zv nanpanre aan emxno-
HUR exuA mpy6-
~
(6AN) 7,2HrK Ku (yBOI .
(8 ~ 700 K/'
enumene BcnoMOaa- Slcunumene
vacmome! mensHblt[ 20pu311Hmane-
(2) n-,76 ~ia~o#pa- naeo omxno- 9~
Uy; tyomenb HCNUN
(ewl (yra~
'r oa Kr,{ ) ?oa Kru
OCNOA/~OU (10) QO/lDRHU-
$QJ06P0- ~ /71CAbNbIL[ (11\ -
Wanwe , . $aaaGpa-
l b -
o
q-e1 ' w
~om)
~
lR
10 sKry -
foa rno oto 10 sKrq Poa tao
fo
7 7
6n9,r OuKCUpn6aff 6na,r ouxcupoGun
(5)
(12
naix yQCmam
ns/x vacmom
I[ (6p411f I (6pyI)
U, U~
Figure 8.3
Key: 1.
Alternating voltage unit (BPN), 7.2 MHz
2.
Frequency divider, n-36, (DCh)
3,
kAz
_ 4.
Main phase shifter (OF)
5.
Fixed frequency unit II (BFCh II)
6.
MHz
7.
Amplifier of the vertical deflection of the tube (INO)
8.
Auxiliary phase shifter (VF)
9.
Amplifier of hor.izontal deflection (UGO)
10.
D-83
11.
Additional phase shifter (DF)
12.
Fixed frequency unit I(BFCh I)
The additional phase shifter DF serves for adjusting the phase of the vol-
tage arriving at
the "reference phase" channel. The use of the additional
67
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phase shifter eleminates the parasitic "invasion" of the phase in both chan-
nels. From the output of the main phase shi�ter OF, through the phase
shifter ("phase adjustment") VF with the regulation limits of +360 K(where
K= 7.2 MHz/200 kHz - 36 is the frequency multiplicity factor), the signal
goes to the amplifier of horizontal deflection UGO, and further to the ELT
[electron-ray tube]. Phase ratios are established by the main phase shifter
and are measured by the Lissajous figures on the ELT. The exact unit of
phase shift is the transition of one figure from "closed" to "open" and then
again to "closed". The increment of the phase shift at a frequency of 200
kftz from one closed Lissajous figure to another corresponds to an angle of
5 degrees.
From the outputs of phase shif ters DF and OF, the signals go to the fixed
frequency units BFChl and BFCh2 which generate the remaining frequencies
100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 kHz.
The fixed frequency units BFChl and BFCh2 have output amplifiers which am-
plify the voltage signal to 5 V of 200 kIiz and to a level of 8 V frequency
signals of 100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 kHz.
The phase calibrator of the F1-2 type is designed as a table-type laboratory
instrument.
The instrumerit consists of removable units. Electrical contact among them
- is accomplished through plug and sGcket units.
Basic Specifications
Phase shift measurement range, degrees 0-360
Frequency rauge is determined by the series of the
following discrete values, kHz ..,........o........ 5; 10; 20; 50;
100; 200
Fundamental frequency on which phase shifts are set
and monitored, kHz ........................oo...... 200
Frcquency instability of the quartz resonator during
proportional adjustment of the thermostat within the
limits of 60�2 degrees C for one hour of operation . 2�10'5
Error in the phase shift increment on frequencies of
up to 200 kHz, degrees ...................o......... 0.1
Nonlinear distortion coefficients, % ...........o... 1a5
Output voltage levels, V,for frequencies:
200 kHz 0.05-5
for remaining frequencies .....................a 0.08-8
68
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Output resistance, Ohms, not over .......o......... 1000
Power supply from alternating current network:
voltage, V ......o.ooo........ 220�1070
frequency, Hz ......o .....o.a...... 50�17.
harmonic content, 7o ..............o.o.......... 5
The following parameters are checked: absolute frequency value, frequency
instability, nonlinear distortion factor, output voltage, and error in the
phase shift incremente
The determination of the absolute frequency value is done by measuring it
on the output clamp of the first channel of the instrument with the aid of
a Ch3-30-type frequency meter (error of 10'8).
Frequency instability is checked by measuring the frequency with the aid of
- a Ch3-30-type frequency meter.
The nonlinear distortion factor is checked at the output of two channels of
the instrument with the aid of a 56-5-type nonlinear distortion meter in the
_ range from 5 to 200 kHz.
_ Output voltage is checked by successively connecting a voltmeter of the
V7-15-type (fundamental error of 2.5%) to the output of each channel of the
instrument.
_ The error in the phase shift increment for instrimients of the second class
is checked by the method of independent checking.
The Phase Shift Calibrator F5125 is intended for tuning, adjustment and
checking of electronic phase-metering instruments and can be used as a gen-
erator of a number of quartz freqeuncies, as well as a two-channel generator
with a calibrated delay in one channel.
The calibrator is designed on the principle of two-channel structure with
the use of very stable phase dEVices using triggered scaling circuits. The
sinusoidal-shape output signal is formed by means of a piecewise stepped
approximation of the function describing the output signal. Structurally,
the calibrator consists of a base unit with a set of printed plates, a front
_ panel unit, and a power supply unit.
The instrument set includes: 1) phase shift calibrator r^5125; 2) connecting
cables (5 items); 3) transition unit; 4) clamps (4 items); S) spare safety
devices PM-0.5 (3 items); 6) spare lamps KM24-35 (2 items); 7) box for ac-
cessories; 8) technical description and operation manual; 9) manufacturer's
rating certificate.
69
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~
, Basic Specifications
Frequency range, Hz 1-=20�103
Discreteness of the setting of the phase shift in-
crement, degrees 1
Error in the setting of phase shift increments, de-
grees, not over 0.2
Maxi.mun output voltage, V...............o......... 10
Adjustment of output voltage within the limits, dB. 0-55
The error in the settir_g of phase shift incrementsA4 is checked by mul-
- tiplying Q(Q by 36 with rhe aid of the phase shift multiplier F5166 de-
veloped by the plant "Tochelektrop ribor" with subsequent measuring of the
above value by a F2-13 phase meter. Other technical characteristics are
checked in accordance with GOST 12691-67.
- 8.2. Phase Difference Meters
The Combination Phase Difference Meter FR2-12 is intended for measuring
phase differences of sinusoidal signals and their voltage levels, as well
as for measuring transmission coeff icients of quadripoles and S-parameters
of high-frequency transistors. The instrument operates on the principle of
strobosconic conversion of frequency with automatic phase adjustmenL- of fre-
quency.
The instrument set includes: 1) ma tched loads (2 items); 2) attenuators
75/50 Ohms (2 items); 3) three-branch fittings (4 items); 4) dividers 1:10
(2 items); 5) diodes (8 items); 6) power supply cables; 7) tester adapters
- (4 items); 8) tester constants (10 items); 9) safety devices (5 items); 10)
. coaxial cable; 11) three-branch f ittings of the tester; 12) technical de-
scription and operation manual; 13) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Input
frequency
range, MHz .o
............oo.......
1-1000
Phase
difference
measurement
limits, degrees
-180; +180
Input voltage limits, V:
without divider ........o.o ...............o.o. 10'4-1
with external divider ..................o..... up to 10
Input impedance, kOhm, shunted by a capacitance of
3 pF 100
~ Dimensions, mm 480R473X160
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The Phase Difference Meter F2-13 is intended for measuring phase differences
between two continuous sinusoidal signals of the same frequency and is used
for various radio engineering measurements. The instrument operates at an
ambient air temperature from S to 40 degrees C. It operates on the princi-
ple of converting the phase difference being measured to a time interval
with subsequent measurement by a pointer-type instrinnent of the constant
component of the current pulses whose length is equal to that interval.
The phase meter is designed as a unipolar triggered two-channel circuit
whose measuring and reference channels are identical.
The special characteristic of its circuit is the use of high-speed triggers
and 1eve1 dxscriminators using tunnel diodes.
The meter set includes: 1) testers (2 items); 2) adapters (2 items); 3)
cables (2 items); 4) "crocodile" clamps (2 items); 5) repair plates (3
items); 6) safety devices (8 items); 7) neon lamps (2 items); 8) manufac-�
' turer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Measurement range of phase shifts in the operating
frequency range, degrees .........................o
Operating frequency range of the instrument,
kHz
Overlapped by two subranges ................o,.....
Input voltage range, V ..oo....
Overlapped by two subranges
-18 ; +18; -
-361:- +36
-90- +90 ;
-180-. �180
0,02�1000
0.02-20; 20-1000
0.1-1;
Ool-l; 1-10
The permissible fundamental error of the measurement of phase differences
with the instability of the signal frequency is not over 10-3 in 10 minutes
and does not exceed the values given in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1
~~~Iorpeui:iocTb, rpaA., np: ornocHTenuHofi
4acTOjt\xfu PasHOC7H yponnen cnn~atou
l /
e Goiec 10!S I cndwc 109:
Or 0,02 no 0,2 (5) f(0,015(p:-f-0,3) -�-(0,015(F=f0,3+2.4)
CnLime 0,2 Ao 200 ( r`) f(0,015(p:�0,3+0,75A)
Cnumc200no ]000(7) f(0,02cp=+1) t(0,02W:-{-i+O,iSA)
71
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Note: A-- input voltage drop, dB, at input voltages from 0.1
to 10 V; TX phase difference being measured.
Rey: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Frequency, kHz
Error, degrees, at a relative difference of signal
levels
Not over 10%
Over 10%
From 0.02 to 0.2
Over 0.2 to 200
Over 200 to 1000
Effective input resistance of the inst rument at
a frequency of 100 kHz, not less than MOhm 1
- Input capacitance, pF, not over 15
Power consumed by the instrument from the network
at a nominal voltage, V�A, does not exceed 50
Dimensions, nm ...........................o........ 360X160X300
Weig:'-, kg .............................o..o....... +5
The Combination Phase Difference Meter FR2- 14 is intended for measuring the
phase difference and amplitude ratio of signals of the radio frequency range.
The meter is a two-channel superheterodyne receiver and consists of: a fre-
quency converter which converts the frequency of the input signals to the
intermediate frequency (PCh) of 20 MHz; a base measuring unit serving for
tuning the harmonic oscillator and maintaining a constant PCh, measuring
the ratios by the readings from the step attenuator and second conversion
to the display frequency; a pointer-type indicator which measures and in-
dicates the phase differences of the signals and the signal level in the
channel being tested; a decoupled three-branch connector used for setting
the instrument to zero and measuring complex transmission factors of the
quadripoles.
The instrument set includes: 1) meter; 2) h igh-frequency unit; 3) conbin-
ation set containing: frequency converter, coaxial adapters (6 items); 4)
;
attenuators (8 items) ; 5) connecting cord; 6) cannecting cables (3 items)
7) technical description and opertion manual; 8) techni.cal record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range, GHz ..........................o... 0.11-7.0
Measurement limits of the phase difference of signa.ls,
degrees 0�180
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Subranges ..........................oo..oa........
Measurement limit of level ratios, dB
-6 ; +6; -18 ; +18
-60 ; +60;
-180=+180
0-60
Permissible absolute measurement error of the phase difference
+(1+0.03 lp limit +0�075 AX), (but not over 3 degrees, where
# limit is the scale limit; Ax attenuation of the studied
signal, dB).
Permissible absolute error of ineasurements of level ratios
from +(0.5+0.03 AX) up to 50 dB (but not over 44 dB, where
AX is the value being measured, dB).
Instrument sensitivity in the measuring channel,
W 10'9
Resolution in measuring the phase difference of
signals, degrees +0.2
Resolution in measuring the ratio of levels, dB +0.2
Power supply of ttie ins.*_rument from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V 220+10%
" frequency, Hz ...........................a.... 50+19'a
Power consumption, V�A ......................o.... 100
Dimensions, mm:
meter ......................o...,.....~....... 215R475%499
frequency converter ........a......,...o...... 75R 220X240
_ high-frequency unit ..............oa...ooo.... 135X475R490
Weight, kg ...........o.oo... 3707
The instrument is checked in accordance with GOST 9763-67 and checking in-
structions given in the technical description and operation manual included
- in the set.
- The Digital Phase Meter F5126 is intended for measuring the average phase
shift between two periodic continuous voltages with a frequency of 1-150 MHz
in developing, checking, tuning, and adjusting phase-sensitive radio engi-
neering devices, electronic devices, coumiunication devices, and in other
areas of the national economy (Figure 8.4).
The phase meter is based on the compensation method of ineasuring phase shifts
with the use of a multiple-valued measure of phase shift constructed on the
73
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Figure 8.4
basis of discrete phase shifters with trigger-action scaling circuits. The
phase shift being measured is compared with the compensating phase shift with
the aid of a double low-frequency converter and a statistical zero-element.
In order to measure input voltages in the operating frequency range, the
spectra of input voltages are transformed into the area of low frequencies
with the aid of an automatic two-channel stroboscopic frequency converter.
In order to reduce t}-a amplitude-phase error of ineasurement, the levels of
input signals are :cabilized with the aid of amplifiers with automatic gain
control.
Structurally, the phase meter consists of the following units: basic unit
with a set of printed-circuit cards, front panel unit, power supply unit.
The instrument set includes: 1) digital phase meter F5126; 2) high-frequency
cables (2 items) ; 3) special high-frequency cables (2 items); 4) remote
testers (2 items); S) 40-contact adapter unit; 6) 30-contact adapter vnit;
7) voltage dividers 1:10 (2 items); 8) matched loads (2 items); 9) resistors
ITNU-III-0.25-50 Ohms (2 items), UNU-IIT-0.25-75 Ohms (2 items); 10) three-
branch fitting; 11) adapters (2 items) ; 12) spring probes (2 items) ; 13)
clamps (4 items); 14) spare safety devices PM-0.5 (4 items); 15) spare lamps
KM-24-35, IN-12B; 16) spare diodes DK512A (8 items) ; 17) plug; 18) technical
description and operation manual; 19) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range, MHz
Input voltage level range, V
74
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
1-150
0.01-1
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Phase shift measurement limit, degrees 0-359.9
Phase difference measurement error, degrees:
at equal signal levels -I-0o3
at a level drop of 20 dB +0.5
Eff ective input resistance of the phase meter at
each of the inputs, kOhm, not less than ...o...... 100
Input capacitance, p/F, not over 5
The phase measurement error is checked by the method of comparing with the
natural measure of phase shift (self-checking method) which makes it pos-
sible to eliminate the error from the coupling between channels through the
signal source. The checking is done with the aid of uncalibrated phase
shifters on low frequency of the operating range and with the aid of con-
trolled delay lines M5-2 on upper frequencies. The checking of the ampli-
tude-phase error is done by an indirect method through determining this
error on a low intPrmediate frequency with the aid of an F5125 phase shift
calibrator and by measuring the coupling between channels by the intermedi-
ate frequency during the delivery of high-frequency signals to the input of
the phase meter.
8.3. Group Delay Time Meters
' The Group Delay time Meter F4-3 is intended for measuring nonuniformities
of frequency characteristics of the group delay time (GVZ), and attenuation
of communication lines and quadripoles in the frequency range of 0.2-20 MHz.
The operating temperature range is from 5 to 45 degrees C.
= The GVZ measurements with the aid of the instrument is based on the Nyquist
principle: if oscillations of a high frequency W are delivered to the in-
put of the object being studied and amplitude-modulated by oscillations of
frequency S~ , then the envelope of the modulated signal at the output of
the object acquires a phase shift of &Q which is proportional to the de-
lay time on the carrier frequency Gv , py = L( Gv
During s uch measurements, not the absolute phase shift of the low-frequency
oscillation is determined but the phase increment depending on the change
of the high frequency, i.e., the nonuniformity of the frequency character-
istic of the group delay time is measured.
Structurally, the instrliment consists of three units: transmitting and re-
ceiving devices and an oscillographic indicator. the basis of the structure
of the in strument's units is a normalized caseless frame 200 mm high.
The instrument set includes: 1) set of operational documentations; 2) set of
spare parts and accessories; 3) manufacturer`s rating certificate.
75
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Basic Specifications
Operating frequency range, MHz
Measurement limits of GVZ nonuniformities, micro-
seconds
0.2-20
�(0.015-7.5)
Measurement limits of nonuniformities of the fre-
quency cha,racteristics of attenuations, dB ....o... +(0.75-13)
Permissible fundamental error of GVZ measurements
�2.5
,
Permissible fundamental error of attenuation mea-
surements, % ................................o...., �3.5
Power consumption, V�A ......................ooo... 220
Input and output resistance, Ohms 75
The Group Delay Time Meter F4-4 is intended for measuring frequency charac-
teristics of group delay time (GV'L) and'amplitude-frequency characteristics
(AChKh) symmetrical and asymmetrical in relation to the quadripoles and
high-frequency channels of transmission systems in the range from 10 to 2100
Hz.
According to the Nyquist principle, the measurement of GVZ amounts to the
isolation of the envelope at the output of the object being studied and its
comparison with the reference oscillations. In this case, the changes of
the phase shift between the envelope and the reference oscillations, depend-
ing on the frequency of the carrier, are proportional to the nonuniformity
ef the GVZ characteristic in the carrier frequency range being studied.
The result of the measurements is presented in the form of an image of the
frequency characteristic on the screen of the oscillographic indicator.
Having passed the object being studied, the testing signal acquires, besides
a phase shift, amplitude changes in accordance with the amplitude-frequency
characteristic of the object. The information about Che AChRh of the ob-
ject being studied is carried by the envelope of the low-frequency oscilla-
tion which is observed on the screen of the oscillographic indicator.
The instrument consists of three units: measuring device, rece iving- trans-
mitting device, power supply unit, and quartz oscillator. The instrument
has a normalized caseless body.
The instrtunent set includes: 1) measuring device; 2) receiving -transmit t ing
device; 3) power supply unit and quartz oscillator; 4) set of spare parts
and accessories; 5) operational documentation; 6) manufacturer's rating
certificate.
76
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Basic Specifications
Operating frequency range, kHz 10-2100
Measuring limits of GpZ nonuniformities, microsec-
onds 10; 50; 100;
200; 500
AChKh measuring limit, dB 2.8.7
Fundamental error of GVZ measurements, microsec-
onds, does not exceed +0.5
Fundamental error of attenuation measurements, dB,
does not exceed +0.05�8.7
Input and output resistance, Ohms 75+5%
Power consumption, V�A 250
The checking of the instrument includes the following operations: 1) check-
ing of the nominal frequency value of the quartz oscillator; 2) determina-
tion of the error in the setting of the nominal frequency value of the quartz
oscillator; 3) determination of the frequency correction limits of the quartz
- oscillator in relation to the nominal value; 4) checking of the frequency
range; 5) checking of the initial and final frequency of the operating range
of the instrument; 6) checking of the limits of the adjustment of the fre-
quency swinging (deviation) range: 7) checking the frequency axis scale; 8)
checking of the maximum output voltage; 9) checking of the coe�ficient of
nonlinear distortion of the output signals; 10) checking of the image dimen-
sions of the coordinate scale; 11) cnecking of the coeff icient of the ampli-
tude modulation of the output signal; 12) checking of the calibration of
the GVZ measurement limits; 13) calibration of the AChKh measurement scale;
14) nonuniformity of the GVZ naCural frequency characteristic: 15) nonuni-
formity of the instrument's narural AChRh; 16) power consumption.
The Group Delay Time and Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic Meter IVA is in-
tended for measuring relative frequency characteristics of the group delay
time (GVZ) and nonuniformities of the amplitude-frequency characteristics
(AChRh) of audio-frequency channels and quadripoles in the frequency range
fram 0.3 to 3.4 kHz.
Tne main purpose of the meter is to measure GVZ and AChKh of audio-frequency
channels in the process of their tuning and operation. The meter can be
used by scientific research and industrial laboratories for tuning and moni-
toriug various electrical and radio devices (filters, amplifiers, phase cir-
cuits, correctors, etc) operating in the frequency range from 0.3 to 3.4 kHz.
77
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AChRh and GVZ measurements are done by comparing the amplitudes (phases) of _
a signal on the frequency being measured with the amplitude (ph:.se) of the -
reference signal.
Measurement of the frequency characteristics of comnunication channels pre-
supposes the presence of two territorially separated measuring instruments:
a receiver and transmitter.
The reception of information about the amplitude (AChKh) and phase (GVZ) of
the reference signal in the IVA meter is accomplished without the use of any
additional or reverse channel. For this, the operation cycle of the instru-
ment is divided into two parts: operating and reverse motion of frequency
oscillation.
_ Lluring the reverse motion, a reference-frequency signal (0.8 kAz for AChKH
and 1.9 kHz for GVZ) is sent to the channel from the transmitter and its
inPasurements are done. The receiver stores the amplitude (AChKh) or the
phase of the envelope (GV2) of this signal
When the instrument ~s operating, a measuring signal whose frequency changes _
according to a presr.;ibed law enters tne channel. The receiver measures
the parameter (amplitude or phase) of the signal which passed through the
object being studied, compares it with the values stored in the memory, and
the resulting (difference) signal is sent to the measuring device calibrated
- in the appropriate values (decibels or milliseconds).
- The instrument performs measurements in the modes of periodic and manual
frequency oscillation, as well as on twenty-one fixed frequencies.
The emitter forms frequency marks which make it possible to determine fre-
frequency at the characteristic point being measured when working with ex-
ternal recording devices (recorder, oscillograph) in the mode of periodic
and manual oscillation.
The meter is designec' as a standard table model and can be installed either
directly at the work place or on the movable stand which is included in the
set.
The control, switching and monitoring devices are located on the front pan-
el of the instrument, while the switching and monitoring elements which are
noz operational are on its back wall. The instrument is designed on the
basis ef the functional assembly method in the form of blocks connected into
a caimnon circuit with the aid of small plug and socket units. The circuit
elements of the blocks are on printed-circuit plates. For checking or re-
pair:, any block can be removed from the instrument and connected with a '
meter with the aid of a special repair plate.
The IVA meter does the following: measures AChRh and GVZ with a pointer-type
microammeter; records the results of ineasurements on external recording
78
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- devices; provides panoramic observation of the characteristics on the screen
of the exu-rnal oscillograph. The input and output of the meter are sym- _
metrical.
The meter delivers the reaiilts of ineasurements to external recording devices
(recorders and oscillographs): voltage of vertical deflection proport ional
to the indications of the microammeter; voltage of horizontal deflection pro-
portional to the frequency of tl:e input signal.
With respect to the climatic and mechanical requirements, the meter belongs
to GrotjF II of GOST 9763-67 with a broader range of operating temperatures
from +5 to +40 degrees C.
The meter set includes: 1) IVA meter; 2) stand; 3) power supply cord; 4)
grounding cord; 5) measuring cords (9 items); 6) repair plates (9 items);
7) repair cord; 8) handle; 9) satety devices (12 items) ; 10) ma.nufacturer's ~
: rating certificate; 11) recording millivoltmeter N39.
Basic Specifications
- Frequency range of the meter, kftz . . . . . . o o . . . . . . 0. 24-F0. 24--3 .50
+0.05 Oscillation zane, kHz, not less than 3,17
- Frequency oscillation periods, seconds 40+10 and
70+18
_ Deflection of fixed frequencies from the monimal
values, not over 2
Error of frequency marks, not over �(27o f+15 Hz)
Range of ineasured levels, dB -40 +2
- Dynamic measurement ranges with the microammeter
of the meter, dB -20---+2;
-6;+1
- The fundamental error of AChRh measuremEnt in relation to the
amplitude on a frequency of 0.8 kHz is not over +(0.04 A+ 0.2) -
dB(A relative amplitude at the point being nteasured, dB).
- GVZ measurement range, ms , , , , , , , , , , , , -20=+20
- Measurement limits, ms 0+0.2; 0+2
, 0�5; 0�20
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The fundamental error of GVZ measurement is not more than +(0.03
T+10) microseconds (T finite value of the measurement limit,
microseconds),
- Output level of the measuring signal, dB, at a
load of 600 Ohms (regulated in steps every 2 and
10 dB) -40-0
Error of output level adjustment, dB, does not ex-
ceed �0.5
Asymmetry attenuation, dB, not less than 40
Modulus of the input and output resistance, Ohms . 600�12
Power consumption from the network, V�A, not over . 100
Power supply of the instrument from an alternat-
ing current network: 220+10%
voltage, V -15%
_ frequency, Hz .....................o........... 50
Dimensions, mm:
table-model instrument .....................o.. 480X338X425
stand 589X116X500
The 7:VA meter is checked in accordance with the section "Maintenance" of
the manufacturer's rating certificate for the meter.
- The checking of the basic technical characteristics of the instrument is
done with the use of the measuring instruments given below or with analo-
gous instruments: 1) digital voltureter V7-16; 2) audio-frequency signal gen-
e rator G3-104; 3) pu lse generator G5-35; 4) spectrum analyzer 54-48; 5) fre-
quency meter Ch3-38; 6) oscillograph S1-65; 7) stopwatch.
The frequency range and the oscillation zone are checked with the aid of a
frequency meter connected to the output soclcets of the ineter Zoaded to a
resistance of 600 Ohms. The frequency meter is used to measure the bound-
ary (lower and upper) frequency of the output signal in the operation mode
of periodic frequency oscillation when the swi_tch "Period" is set in posi-
tion "X2".
F requency oscillation periods are checked with a stopwatch by which the
lengths of the working and reverse strokes are marked. They are moni-
- tored by the "on"-time of the indication lamps o` the working and reverse
strokes. The period is determined by summing up the measured values. Mea-
surements are done at two positions of the switch "Period" "X1" and "X2".
80
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The deviation of fixed frequencies from the nominal values are checked with
the frequency meter connected to the output sockets of the meter loaded to
600 Ohms. Measurements are done at all positions of the switches (kHz).
I N!1/ (2) NBA (3) NIiJ (2)
- N ex0a~ �y"
N
Nz
~OQ NIIZ (2) .
Figure 8.5
Keyt 1. Input
2. IP
3. IVA
The frequency of marks is checked according to the scheme (Figure 8.5).
While smoothly changing the frequency of the generator IP1, frequency at
which an amplitude mark appears on the screen is determined by the oscillo-
graph IP2 connected to the sockets "U" of the meter. Measurements are done
at all positions of the switches "kHz".
(4) y17
8.6
Key: 1. IVA 3. Output
2. Input 4, Ip
The dynamic range and the fundamental error of AChKh measurement is done
according to the scheme (Figuxe 8.6) by compa�ring the indications of the
microammeter of the meter and the reference voltmeter IP. The pointer of
the microammeter of the meter is set to the marks of the AChKh scale by ad-
justing the out voltage of the meter with the aid of its output- attenuators
and by adjusting the potentiometer R(see Figure 8.6). Measurements are
done at two measurement limits -20 and -6 dB at two positions of the switches
kHz; 0.5 and 3.2.
The limits and the fundamental error of GVZ measurements are checked accord-'
ing to the following method: the input ana output of the meter are connected
and the setting of the pointer of the microammeter of the meter to the "0"
81
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mark of the GVZ sca:e is checked. The pulse generator operating in the sin-
gle-triggering mode is connected to the sockets "HVZ Check" and the pulse
formed by the generator performs the phase shift (time shift) of the envel-
ope of the GVZ measuring signal. Adjusting the pulse length of the genera-
tor, the pointer of the microamneter of di-
the meter is set to the marks of the GVZ scale which are being checked, and
the obtained error is determined by the indications of the pulse-length
switches of the generator. Measurements are done at all GVZ measurement
limits with the switches "kHz" set in position "1.9".
rp (1)
~ r
(2) i 1 1 X 2~1ea~aM
Uf i 1 4la
- ~ t RZ
I
1
L _J
ut y NlIZ
Figure 8.7
Key: 1. TR 3, to sockets
2. IP 4. Input
The error of the setting of the output level is checked with the digital
voltmeter connected to the sockets "Output" of the meter loaded to a resis-
tance 600 Ohms. Measurements are done at all positions of the output atten-
uators with the switches "kHz" set in position "0,811.
The input asyRmietry attenuation is checked according to the scheme of (Fig-
gure 8.7) on frequencies of 0.3 and 3.4 kHz.
(1) RI
X eNeJaa,u U
AAua I R9 v n ~ ~4
Figure 8.8
Rey: 1, to soc?cet
2. Output
3. IP
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The output asymnetry attenuation is checked according to the scheme of -
(Figure 8.8) witl: the switches "kHz " set in positions "0.3" and "3.4"0
Asymmetry attenuation is determined by the formula aA 3= 20 Ig( U'l-G,
\ /
aA asymmetry attenuation, dB; III output voltage of the generator (me-
ter), V; U2 voltage in the symmetrization circuit, V.
:
A The input and output resistance moduli are checked by tha comparison method
which consists in obtaining identical voltage drops at a known effective
~ resistance Ro and unknown resistance ZX being measured when they are simul-
` taneously connected in series in a common circuit. Measurements are done ~
by changing the value of Ro until an identical voltage drop is obtained for
both resistances. At that time ZX = Ro. _
83
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CAAPTER 9
INSTRUMENTS FOR MONITORING, MEASURING, AND
STUDYING SIGN,AL AND SPECTRUM FORMS
9.1. Multipurpose Oscillographs
The Oscillograph S1-40 (Multifunctional, with Changeable Units) is a multi-
fuctional laboratory instrument for general use and is intended for visual
studies of the voltage shapes of periodic and pulsed processes.
The oscillograph has the following main assemblies: a vertical deflection
channel consisting of a preamplifier for precision measurements; a preampli-
fier; an indicator unit with a delay line, a terminal amplifier, a switching
device, and a high-voltage source; a horizontal deflection channel consist-
ing of a sweep generator with synchronization circuits, a horizontal deflec-
tion amplifier, a generator of switching pulses, and a delayed scanning unit;
a calibrator for delivering voltages for calibrating the oscillograph; a
pulse generator for monitoring the parameters of the transient characteris-
tic of the oscillogrs;h; a control unit; a power supply unit.
The instrument set includes: extension tester; 2) extension feelers (2
items); 3) power supply cord; 4) cable with a high-frequency connector; 5)
cable with a jack plug; 6) cable with an adapter; 7) high-frequency connect-
ing cable; 8) connecting cord; 9) 75 Ohm matching attachment; 10) coaxial
adapters (4 items); 11) draw tube: 12) filters (25 items); 13) light filter-
scale; 14) polyethylene cover; 15) electron tubes (8 items); 16) screwdriver;
17) signal lamps (18 items); 18) terminals (6 items); 19) "crocodile "-type
clamps (6 items); 20) safety devices (18 items); 21) preamplifier (at cus-
tomer's request); 22) delayed scanning unit (at customer's request); 23)
pulse generator; 24) dolly (may be excluded at customer's request); 25)
photographic attachment (at customer's request); 26) technical description,
operation and periodic checking manual; 27) manufacturer's rating certifi-
cate.
The instrument with a set of changeable units No 40-01 and No 40-02 belongs
to the precision class I of GOST 9810-69, with other changeable units to
- precision class III.
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Basic Specifications
Minimum scanning frequency, Hz 200
Passband of the vertical deflection channel, MHz 0-20
Sensitivity of the vertical deflection channel,
pulse/V, with preamplifiers:
No 40-01 .........................o............ 0.6-200
No 40-02 1-100
Measuring error of rectangular-shape pulsed voltage
with a length of 60 ns to 100 ms and sinusoidal sig-
nals with frequencies from 200 Hz to 2 MHz, not
over ..................................o...o....... 2
Pawer supply of the instrument from the alternat-
ing-current network:
voltage, V ..........................o.o....... 220�10%
frequency, Hz ......................>.oo....... 50-F0.5
- Power consumed from the network at a nominal voltage,
V�A, not over ..........................o.......... 950
The Multipurpose Oscillograph S1-7 in combination with adjacent tinits 1P11,
1P71 in the horizontal deflection channel and lUll, 1U13, 1U71 in the ver-
tical deflection channel is inter.ded for studying periodic and single elec-
trical signals through visual observation and photographing. The instrument
operates at temperatures from 5 to 40 degrees C and a relative humidity of
95% at a temperature of 30 degrees C.
ElectrIcal signals Leing studied are amplified by the changeable vertical
3eflection unit and are delivered through the delay line to the input of the
output amplifier U. The output amplifier amplifies this signal to a level
necessarq for the excitation of vertical deflec.ting plates of the electron-
ray tube ELT. From the changeable horizontal deflec.tion unit, the signal is
delivered to the input of the output amplifier Rh an1 is amplified by the
latter to a value necessary for the excitation of the horizontal plates of
- the ELT. The signal can also be delivered to the input of the amplifier Kh
through the connector "Rh InFut".
The oscillograph 51-70 is a single-unit instrument of the table-rack type.
The oscillograph set includes; 1) basic unit of the osuillograph; 2) change-
able units with a ZIP [kit of spare parts, tools, and accesaories] set; 3)
cover; 4) connecting cords (2 items); 5) draw tube; 6) high-frequency con-
necting cables; 7) adapters (2 items); 8) T-joint; 9) safety devices (14
items); 10) technical description and operation manual; 11) techt-~cal re-
cord.
85
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Basic Specifications
Passbands, MHz, with units:
1TJ11 0-50
1U13 0-10
1U71 0-3.5
Minimum deflection factors, mV /division, with units:
lUll 10
1U13 0.5
1U71 5
Noise level,mV 5
Scanning length ranges, ns/div, with units:
1811 ...................o...................... 10-15
1A71 0.1�10"9 ; 5�10-6
Permissible errors in the def lection and scanning
factors with units:
lUll, 1U13, 1R11 4
1U71, 1R71 7
Power consumption, V�A 200
Dimensions, mm ...............................o.... 200X480X420
Weight, kg 20
The multipurpose oscillograph S1-67 is intended for studying shapes of elec-
trical signals through visual observation and changes in the time intervals
from 0.4 microseconds to 0.2 second and amplitudes in the range from 30 mV
to 140 V.
The oscillograph is based on a gene rally accE_pted block diagram. The sig-
nals being stiidied are intensified in the preliminary and terminal amplifiers
of the vertical deflection channel and are delivered to the vertical plates
71 of the ELT. The preamplifier chanr a1 has a delay line which makes it pos-
sible to observe the leading edges of the pulses being stLdied.
The sweep generator generates sawtooth vcltage for the time scanning of the
ELT beam. The sweep generator can work in the slave sweep mode and in the
automatic-triggering and single-triggering modes.
Periodic control of the sensitivity of the vertical deflection channel and
calibration control of the scanning length are done with the amplitude and
scanning length calibrator.
86
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The oscillograph set includes; 1) a set of spare parts; 2) technical descrip-
tion and operation manual; 3) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Passband of the vertical deflection channel, MHz 0-10
Nonuniformity of the AChKh [amplitude-frequency
characterijtic], not over, dB 3
Build-up time of the transient characteristic must
not ;xceed, ns 3.5
The error in the measurement of the amplitudes of pulsed signals
when the pulse lengths are over 0.1 microsecond and the size of
the signal image is from 4 to 7 divisions must not exceed,%:
for sinusoidal signals in the frequency range
0-2 MHz 10
for time intervals in the range from 0.4micra-
second to 0.2 second for a signal in the hori-
zontal direction from 4 to 10 divisions 5
Weight, kg 9
The Multipurpose Oscillograph S1-65 is intended for studying the shapes of
eiectrical signals and measuring their amplitudes and time parameters under
the workshop, laboratory, and field conditions of operation.
The signals being studied are delivered to the "Inpi�t" jack of the vertical
deflection amplifier. The input attenuator is used to determine the dimen-
sions of the signal image which is convenient for examination on the screen
of the electron-ray tube. The signal is amplified by the preamplifier and
the terminal vertical deflection amplifier. The symmetric delay line delays
the signal for a time compensating the delay of the signal in the synchron-
- ization, scanning, and bright-up units, which makes it possible to observe
the leading edges of short pulses.
The horizontal-scanning generator generates sawtooth voltage for time scan-
ning. This voltage is amplified to the necessary value by the horizontal
deflection amplifier and goes to the horizontally deflecting plates of the
electron-ray tube. Provisions are made in the horizontal deflection ampli-
fier for increasing the scanning rate ten-fold. The scanning generator can
operate in the slave sweep mode, in the triggering mode, and in the single
triggering mode.
Provisions are made for the possibility of delivering an externi;.l signal to
the horizontally deflectii.g plates through the horizontal deflection ampli-
fier when the signal is delivered to the "Input" jack.
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Provisions are made for the possibility of delivering an external signal to
the input of the amplif ier for obtaining brightness time marks.
Periodic checking of the sensitivity of the vertical deflection channel
and checking of the scanning length calibration are done with the amplitude
and scanning length calibrator.
The instrument set includes: 1) set of accessories; 2) incandescent lamps
(3 items); 3) safety devices (4 items); 4) 1:10 divider with a changeable
attachment; 5) divider; 6) clamps (3 items); 7) connecting cable; 8) adapter
cable; 9) cables (4 items); 10) rack; 11) adapters; 12) light filter; 13) ,
T-joint; 14) draw tube; 15) feeler; 16) cover; 17) storage box; 18) techni-
cal description and operation manual.
Basic Specifications
Passband, MHz 0.35
_ Minimum deflection factor, mV/div S
AmpliLude measurement
Frequency measurement
Scanning length range
Dimensions, mm
Weight, Icg
error, 70 5
error, % 5
, microsecond/div 0.02-50
300X180X420
16
The oscillograph is checked in accordance with GOST 9810-69.
The Oscillograph S1-64 is intended for visual studies of electrical processes
by measuring the amplitude and time parameters of the signal; simultaneous
presentation of two signals in one scanning; detailed studies of any part of
a complex signal by means of retarded scanning.
Structurally, the instri-ment is compnsed of the following units: electron-
ray tube (ELT); input n**enuator of channel 1; input attenuator of channel
2; preamplifier of channel 2; diode switch; vertical deflection amplifier
with a delay line; switching multivibrator; synchronization preamplifier;
synchronization circuit A; scanning circuit A; brightening amplifier A; sin-
gle scanning triggering circuit A; synchronization circuit B; scanning cir-
cuit B; brightening amplifier B; delay comparator; horizontal deflection am-
plifier; amplifier; ELT power supply circuit; power supply unit; amplitude
and scanning length calibrator.
Amplitude measurements are dane by the method of reading from the calibrated
scale on the ELT screen. Two methods can be used for measuring time inter-
vals: measurement of intervals by the calibrated scanning length with the
aid of calibrated scanning delay.
~
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The instrument set includes: 1) storage box; 2) set of accessories; 3) tech-
nical description and operation manual; 4) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Working part of the screen of the oscillograph, mm:
vertically 48 (6 divisions)
horizontally 80 (10 divisions)
Beam line thickness, mm, not over ..........o...... 0.8
Minimum scanning recurrence rate, Hz 200
Fundamental error of the measurement of the amplitude of pulsed
signals in the range from 20 mV to 60 V for lengths of pulses
f ram 50 ns to 10 s is, not over, in the image sizes:
from 4 to 6 divisions +5
from 2 to 6 divisions ..................o...... +7
in measuring with the aid of a remote divider.. 10
Measurement error of time intervals in the range
_ f rom 40 ns to 10 s, when the measured size of the
image is from 4 to 10 divisions, does not exceed,
% 5
C alibrated deflection factor of channels 1 and 2 is
set in steps from 0.005 to 10 V/division and is re-
gulated smoothly with an overlap of not less than
of 2.5 times.
Amplitude characteristic nonlinearity :Nf the amplifier,
does not exceed 10
Maximum permissible total constant and variable vol-
- tage delivered to the output, V 200
Input parameters of vertical deflection amplifiers
of channels 1 and 2 with open input:
resistance, MOhm 1+2%
capacitance, pF 25+10
_ Signal of inner source of calibrated voltage:
square pulses with an amplitude of, V......... 0.1-1
with frequency, Hz 2
Error in setting the required values of the ampli-
tude and frequency of the calibrator, % does n4t ex-
~ ceed
+1
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~
:
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" FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Range of calibrated A sweep length is 1 s/div +0.1
microsecond/div, of B sweep 50 ms/div � 0.1
microsecond/div.
A and B sweep lengths are regulated smoothly at
each range with an overlap factor, not less than.. 1:2.5
Nonlinearity of A and B scanning within the limits
of the working scanning section, 70, does not ex-
ceed 10
Range of regulated scanning delay, seconds 1�10'6-10
Error of 3elay regulation (changing) within above
limits, not more than �2
The instrumeni_ is operated frum an alternating cur-
rent network:
voltage, V 220�22
frequency, Hz 50�5
voltage, V 115 and 220
frequency, Hz ..........................o..... 400�7%
with a harmonic content, % S
Power consumption by the instrument, V�A .....a... 150
Dimensions, mm 348X220X490
Weight, kg 19
Periodic checking of the sensitivity of the vertical deflection amplifiers
of both channels and checking of the length calibration is done by the am-
plitude and scanning length calibrator.
9.2. High-Speed and Stroboscopic Oscillographs
The Ttwo-Channel Stroboscopic Oscillograph 7-7-5 is intended for studying one
or two electric processes of nanosecond length through visual observation,
photographing, and recording with a two-coordinate recorcler.
; The instrument satisfies the requirements of GOST 9763-67 and belongs to
group II of that standard with respect to the operational conditions.
The instrument is designed on the basis of the stroboscopic method. Essen-
tially, it consists in sequential time measurements of instantaneous values
of electrical signals by means of short gate pulses automatically shifting
in relation to the repeated signal.
- The instrument has the following f unctional units: gate generatot; synchron-
ization and automatic shift device; gener3tor of "fast" sawtooth voltage;
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generator of "slow"stepped sawtooth voltage; stroboscopic converter (5 PS-1
_ or 5 PS-2 changeab le); amplitude and length calihrators; power supply
unit.
The instrument is designed in the form of three individual units: oscillo-
graphic, power supply, and delay units; the units are installed on a cart.
The instrument set includes: 1) replaceable units (2 items); 2) storage box
with a set of accessories; 3) technical documentation: 4) manufacturer's
rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
_ Range of signals:
with the S PS-1
unit:
length, microseconds
1.5�10'3-50
voltage, V .

20�10'3-2
with the S PS-2
unit:
length, microsecon3s
0.5�10'3-50
voltage, V .

10�10"3-1.6
Input resistance:
with the 5 PS-1
unit, kOttm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100+1070
with the 5 PS-2
unit, Ohms
50+37.
Calibrated deflection coeffici-ent with an error of
+5 /e :
with the 5 PS-1
unit, mV/cm
20-200
with the 5 PS-2
unit, MV/cm
10-200
Calibrated scann ing
factor with an error of +S%,
ns/cm
0.1-10�103
Root -mean- square value of the noise level, mV, not
over:
with the 5 PS-1 unit ..................oa..... 2
with t'.ie 5 PS-2 unit . . . . . . . . . . . ~ o . . . . . 1
The Stroboscopic Oscillograph S7-8 is intended for studying the form of one
or two synchronous repeating electrical signals through visual observation,
photographing and recording with a two-coordinate r.ecorder or memorizing on
the screen of the electron-ray tube.
These ins:ruments satisfy the requiremencs of GOST 9763-67 and belong to
group II of that standard with respect to their stability against climatic
and mechanical effects.
The instrument is base d on the stroboscopic principle of converting the
spectrum of the signal being studied. The input of the vertical channel
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has a diode mixer which is opened periodically by the gating pulse automti-
cally shifting in time in relation to the signai being studied. Thus, in-
stantaneous values of the signal are read successively at the moments of
the diode triggering. Modulated gate pulses are amplified with respect to
the amplitude, are expanded with respect to the length and arrive at the
pulsed demodulator where the envelope which is an analog of the studied sig-
nal is isolated.
The vertical channel has two identical mixers and two demodulators, which
makes it possible to study two synchronous signals.
The indicator is a bistable electron-ray storage tube which operates in the
oscillographic mode, storage mode, and a storage mode with automatic erasing.
The instrument has pulse generators of calibrated amplitude and time marks.
Structurally, the instrument consists of a basic part which includes power
supply units, calibrators, tube assembly, and replaceable units in vertical
and horizontal channels. The ventilation of the instrument is natural.
The irstrument set inc~udes: 1) high-frequency cables and cords (9 items);
2) dividers with high-resistance inputs (2 items) ; 3) extension divider;
_ 4) coaxial adapters (11 items) ; 5) T-joint; 6) attenuators; 7) draw tube,
photographic attachment; 8) keys (3 items) ; 9) diodes (3 items) ; 10) tran-
sistor; 11) safety devices (14 items); 12) technical description and oper-
ation manual; 13) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specif icat ions
Input signal amplitude, V......................... 0.02-1.2
Length of input signals, microseconds 0.2�103:-50
Parameters of the transient response of the vertical
channel (for both channels) are given in Table 9.1.
Calibrated deflection factor of the vertical tract is
10-200 mV/division (the coefficient is increased by the
dividers by 4, 10, 20, and 40 times),
Table 9 .1
T7apaaieTpd ( 1)
T3pC%1A N3P3CT3HNA, fIC `S)
13pCNN YCT81100.9CIIH9, HC (6)
[3tj6poc, �b (7)
1lep181imicTwj re }�cTaeoeHewerocA axa�
4CNNA, qp
3HVIc11112 napaueTp~e)
AA9 B%oa0s
�HN3-1(0-3-f>NOI'D I PW{-/C~-O~K---OOM-H01'0
\'~l l`*/
0,3 0.8
0,9 2,4
10 l5
5 5
(cont'd on page93)
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,
(Continuation of Table 9.1)
_ Key: 1. Parameters
2. Parameter values for itiputs
3. Low-resistance
4, High-resistance
5. Build-up time, ns
' 6. Transient time, ns
- 7. Overshoot, %
' 8. Nonuniformity of stable-state value, %
Time of Continuous reproductian of the image on
the screen after inemorization, minutes, not less
than ...................................o......... 10
_ Manual or automatic erasing with a minimal fre-
quency, Hz ............................o.......... Z
Normalized measurement of the amplitudes of pulses
and time intervals, does not exceed, 5
Supply voltage, V 220-F-10%
Power supply for a network of 220 V+ 10�/a with a
frequency of 50 Hz.
Power consumption, V�A 300
Dimensions, mm 490X296X545
_ Weight, kg 38
- The Stroboscopic Oscillograph 57-9 is intended for studying and measuring
the paramete-s of the shape of one or two synchronously connected repeating
electri_cal signals with a length from 0.3 ns to 100 microseconds and an am-
plitude from 60 mV to 1.6 V through one or two independent channels by visual
observation, photographing, recording on a two-coordinate recorder, and for
measuring the amplitude and time parameters of signals with a readout in a _
digital form and recording of the measurement results on a digital typewritero
The instrument operates on the principle of using stroboscopic conversion of
repeating signals. It is designed on the functional-block principle.
The instrument is a set o� basic indicator wit'ri a set of changeable units
and an analog-digital converter. There are thre2 changeable conversion units
(with different passbands) and a scanning unit which is installed in the
indicator unit,and an ATsP [analog-digital converter] unit which is conneted
with a cable.
93
FOR OF'k'i:CIAL 'JSE ONLY
,
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The instrument set includes: 1) stroboscopic oscillograph set; 2) analog-
digital converter; 3) storage box with a set of accessories; 4) description,
operation manual; 5) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic SpecificaCions
Range of calibrated vertical deflection factors,
mV/division 10-200
Range of calibrated scanning speeds, s/div 0.1�10'9 ; 10�10"6
Error of amplitude and time measurements +(4+ addend
depending on the measuring mode).
Synchronization frequency range,Hz ..........o.... 50 ; 1000�106
~ Passbands, GHz, depending on the addend of the unit
used ......................................o.oa... 0; 700�10'3; 0-2;
0-6
The Stroboscopic Uscillograph S7-11 is intended for studying the shape of
one or two synchronously repeating electrical signals of the microsecond,
nanosecond, and picosecond duration ranges through visual observation, photo-
graphing, and recording on a two-coordinate recorder or storage oscillograph
(FiQure 9.1).
Figure 9.1
The signals which are being studied are sent directly or through external
devices to the inputs of channels A and B of the stroboscopic converters.
Simultaneously, triggering signals which are rigidly related in time with
the signa2s being studied and which are ahead of them by the value of the
delay "X" of the channel are delivered to the: input of the scanning synchron-
ization unit. If necessary, the scanning of the oscillograph is triggered
by the signal being studied.
94
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5

rOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Synchronization is done with part of the energy of the signal being stud-
ied which is picked up by a special transformer. In this case, the signal
is delivered through a delay line built into the instrument.
Provisions are made in the instrument for meas~�ring pulse amplitudes with a
direct-current calibration voltage generator whY~de amplitude is stabilized.
The Oscillograph 57-11 is a single-unit instrument of the table-rack type.
The instrument set includes: 1) 90 ns delay line; Z) photographic attachment;
3) ring; 4) draw tube; 5) bracket; 6) active probes with connecting devices
(2 items); 7) sets of dividers with connecting devices (2 items); 8) atten-
uators D2-35 (8 items); 9) pulse shapers (2 items); 10) absorber; 11) split
socket; 12) T-joints (2 items); 13) 50-75 Ohm adapter; 14) coaxial adapters
(11 items); 15) 50-Ohm load; 16) connecting cords (3 items); 17) connecting
cables (17 items); 18) electron tubes (2 items); 19) semiconductor diodes
(10 items); 20) safety devices (12 items); 21) bulbs (4 items); 22) keys
(5 items); 23) screwdrivers (3 items); 24) technical description and opera-
tion manual; 25) technical record,
Basic Specifications
The instrument makes it possible to study the shape of
one or two synchronously repeating electrical signals
with the following paramters:
amplitude, V 1�10"3-1
duration, microseconds (at an input resistance
of SO Ohms):
of a low-re.,;isranca matched channel 0.2�10'3-100
of a high-resistance input .............o...o.. 2�10'3-100
Signal repetition frequency, Mftz:
- pulsed 5�10"5-100
_ sinusoidal 1500
with the use of an external synchronizer 5-103
_ Vertical Deflection Amplifier:
DeElection coef.ficients, mV/div, for the low-resis-
tance matched input (50 Ohms) with a calibration
error of S% 5-200
Internal noise level, mV, not over 3.5
Passband which for a low-resistance matched input
(SO Ohms) must be, GHz, not less than 5
Passband when the internal delay line is connected,
MHz, must be not less than 700
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Passband for a high-resistance input with an ac-
tive tester, MHz, not less than 700
Horizontal Deflection Scanning Unit:
17 fixed lengths, microseconds 0.05�10"3; 10
Scanning nonlinearity, not over 10
Time calibrators (sinusoidal voltage):
frequency, MHz .................ooo.......o.... 100
error, % ..................................o.o. 3
The instrument is operated from an alternati.ng cur-
rent network:
voltage, 4 220�10%
- frequency, Hz 50417.
with a harmonic content, % ................o... up to 5
Power consumed by the instrument at a nominal vol-
tage, V�A 160
Dimensions, mm 480X240X475
Weight, kg 33
High-Speed Oscillograph S7-15 is intended for studying single rarely repeat-
ing and periodic pulsed signals of the picosecond and nanosecond ranges by
visual observation and photorecording at a recording speed of not less than
40,000 km/s at a scale of 1:1.
The application areas of the instrument are: nuclear physics, controlled
thermonuclear fusion, seniconductor physics, laser techniques, electronic
camputer engineering, measuring technique, and other areas of science and
technology.
The appearance of the oscillograph is shown in Figure 9.2.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
Figure 9.2
96
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The instrument operates on the princxple of converting electrical signals
with the aid of an electron-ray tube to a vi.sible light image.
Structurally, the instrument consists of the following functional assemblies:
_ ELT; input trigger signal converter; time base with devices for its tzigger-
ing and blocking; shaper of beam-brightening pulses; calibration of the time
r,hannel; raster assembly: horizontal and vertical; sources of low-voltage
_ and high-voltage power supply.
The instrument has provisions for light and remote triggering of scanning,
and its transit triggering is possible.
The instrument is designed as a single-block unit. It is based on the front
and rear frames connected at the corners by four brackets. The assemblies
' of the time channel calibrator, the source of high-voltage power supply, the
delay line, and the photographic clamping device are des?gned as a complete
unit.
The instrument has a cart with a delay line fastened in it.
Operating conditions :
environmental temperature, degrees C......... 10-35
relative air humidity (at a temperature of 20
~ degrees C) 80
The instrument set includes: 1) high-speed oscillograph 57-15; 2) cart with
delay lines; 3) photographic clamping device; 4) carriage; S) rubber draw
tube; 6) optica I converter; 7) coaxial condenser; 8) connecting cables (var-
ious types) (5 items); 9) connecting cords; 10) elPments for high-frequency
connectors (adapters, loads, T-joints, plugs 13 units) ; 11) technical
description and operation manual; 12) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Vertical Charnel
Passband, GHz 0-5
_ Input resi stance, Ohms 50
KSVN [Volt age Standing Wave Ratio] for bands, not
over:
0.5-1.5 GHz 1.7
1.5-3.0 GHz 2.3
3.0-5.0 GHz 3.0
Deflection coefficient, V/mm, not over 1.2
Triggering and Scanning Channel
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Amplitude of the studied or external pulsed sig-
nal, V ......................................a..... 1-300
Repetition frequency of triggering signals in the
~ slave sweep mode of scanning triggering from single
pulses, kHz ................................o...... 10
Triggering instability, ns, not over 100
Delay in scanning triggering, ns, at a coefficient
of 0.1 ns/mm, not more than 40
Scanning range, ns/nn (nine calibrated values) 0.1-50
Frequency error, four coefficients:
1-50 ns/mm 10
0.1-0.5 ns/mm 20
;:lectron-Ray Indicator
Working field, mm 15�40
Width of the beam line in the center of the screen,
micrometers, not more than 85
~ Error of the time and amplitude calibrated signals
- of the calibrator, not more than 1
Power supply of the instrument from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V 220
, frequency, Hz 50
' Power consumption, V�A, not over 300
Dimensicns, mn 490X345X814
Weight, kg, not over ..........................o... 60
The instrument is checked by using series-produced checking devices.
9.3. Storage Oscillographs
The storage oscillograph S8-9A is intended for studying the shapes of low-
frequency periodic and single signals by storin subsequent �risual observa-
tion or photographing of the image from the ELT~ electron-ray tube] screen.
The instrument satisfies the requirement of GOST 9763-67 and GOST 9810-69
precision class III, and belongs to Group II of GOST 9763-67 with respect to
the operating conditions.
98
FOR QFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFIGIAL ITSE ONLY
The instrument has the following assemblies: vertical deflection amplifier
consisting of a preamplifier, a delay line, and a terminal amplifier; syn-
- chronization amplifier; szaeep generator; bri.ghtening pulse unit; reproduc-
ing and erasing control unit; amplitude calibrator; length calibrator; unit
of automatic erasing and scanning preparations; low-voltage and high-voltage
supply unit; electron-ray indicator.
The instrument set includes: 1) incandescent lamps ( 6 items); 2) safety
devices (4 items); 3) remote dividers (2 items); 4) connecting cable; 5)
connection blocks for connecting to the plates (2 items); 6) "crocodile"-
type clamps (8 items); 7) terminals (2 items); 8) power supply cord; 9)
dustproof cover; 10) photographic attachment; 11) description and operation
manual; 12) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specif ications
Maximum speed of recording on the screen, km/s 100
Time of reproduction of the recorded process in the
"off"-state, hours, not less than 12
_ Passband, MHz 2
Nonuniformity of frequency characteristic, dB, not
over 3
Maximum sensitivity, mm/mV, not lower than 0.1
Time interval measurement error, 70, not over 10
Scanning is triggered by pulses of any polarity;
with buildup time, microsecond 0.2
length, microsecond, not less than 1
with repetition frequency from single impuls-
ing, kHz 10
with amplitude, V 1-50
Doubie-Trace Storage Oscillograph S8-11 is intended for simultaneous study
of two synchronous single or periodic signals in a frequency band from a
direcc current ot up to 1 MHz.
; Provisions are made for a special mode of intensifying the brightness of the
image during the oscillographing of pulse signals of short duration with a
low repetition frequency.
'he ir.strumnets work at a temperature from 5 to 40 degrees C and a relative
air humidi.ty of up to 95% at a temperature of 30 "egrees C.
The oscillograph is designed in the form of a basic unit and individual func-
ti.onal units plugged into the inskrument. The basic unit is a frame
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ structure consisting of two cast frames and bracing brackets. The vertical
deflection amplifiers have opened and closed inputs.
The functa.on units which have control elements,.�a display unit, differential
amplifiers, and a calibrator, are removable, are inserted and fastened in
. the front frame.
- The printed plate of the terminal amplifiers and the scanning amplifiers
are located in the rear part of the instrument, below and on top respective-
ly.
Units are connected by means of plug and socket units.
The instruments set includes: 1) storagP box; 2) remote dividers (2 items);
3) distributo`-s(2 items): 4) cables (S items); S) high-frequency cables (3
items); 6) power supply cord; 7) filters (8 items); 8) draw tube; 9) cover;
10) electron tubes (4 items); selected in pairs; 11) clamps (5 items); 12)
jumpers; 13) casings (8 items); 14) safety devices ( 9 items); 15) incandes-
cent lamps (4 items); 16} neon lamps (2 items); 17) photographic attachment;
18) ring; 19) technical description and operation manual; 20) manu�acturer's
rating certificate; 21) technical description and operation manual for the
photographic attachments; 22) manufacturer's rating certificate for the
photographic attachment.
Basic Specifications
Minimum scanning frequency which ensures the ob-
servation of the maximally fast signal being
studied, Hz 10
Recording speed in the storage mode (line thickness
is not ovnr 1 mm and the reproduction time is not
less than 30 minutes), km/s, not less than 5
Maximum permissible sum of the amplitudes of the
direct and alternating voltages at a closed input,
V 400
Passband of the vertical deflection channels at an
open input from direct current, MHz 1
Nonuniformity of the amplitude-frequency character-
istic, dB, in the range from 50 Hz to 300 kHz, not
more than 1
Buildup time of the transient characteristic of the
vertical deflection channels, ns, not more than 420
100
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Nonuniformity of the peak of the transient
characteristic in relation to the steady value,
not more than 2
Sensitivity of the vertical deflection channels,
mm/mV, not less than 1
Error in the setting of calibrated values of dQflec-
tion coefficients, not more than -}-(3+12/n)7o (n--dfinen-
sions of the image in the working section of the screen
in the divisions of the scale).
- Measurement error of the input signal amplitudes,
not more than +10
Scanning nonlinearity in the working section,
not more than 10
Measurement error of time intervals, for time
intervals in the range from 2 microseconds to 250
seconds when the dimensions of the image of the time
interval are from 4 to 10 divisions of the scale in
the horizontal direction, not over 10
Min imal duration of the time interval being studied,
microseconds 2
- External triggering and stable scanning are ensured
by:
pulsed signals of both polarizations
with a length of, microseconds from 0o2
with an amplitude of, V 1-50
sinusoidal signals
with a frequency of, Hz ..........o........ 1-106
with an amplitude of, V 1-25
_ With internal synchronization, the minimal size
of the image of the studied signal, mm 3
The instrument is operated from an alternating cur-
rent network
with a voltage of, V,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 220+1 %
with a harmonic content of, % un to S
Power consumed by the instrument, V�A 700
Weight, kg 50
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The instruments are checked by means of standard reference instruments used
in checking general-purpose oscillographs. The checking mechods are given
in the technical description included in the set and in GOST 9810-69.
9.4. Special Oscillographs .
Combination Display Device RIU-1 is intended for joint operation with a dif-
ferential characteristic meter (IDKh), a frequency-response characteristic
meter (IChKh), a frequency deviation meter, and a sound subcarrier channel
meter (ITPZ). The instrument provides an oscillographic display of the mea-
~ sured characteristics making it possible to study two characteristics simul-
taneously, and is a two-channel low-frequency display device with the image
size 100X160 mm. The swiCching device in the KIU-1 unit makes it possible
to connect effectively four different instruments to it. The linear ampli-
~ fier of vertical deflection has two channels switched by an electronic switch
and makes it possible to observe two characteristics simultaneously. The
scanning is done both by an external signal, and by a signal from the inter-
nal sweep generator. The electron-ray tube has a large rectangular screen.
Provisions are made in the instrument for the brightness modulation of the
beam. Signals from the measuring instruments operating jointly with KIU-1
arrive at the group of inputs (ABCD) which are switched to the KIU-1 cir-
cuit by means of a switching unit. This makes it possible to work effective-
- ly with four instruments.
The instrument set includes: i) combination display device KIU-1; 2) set of
spare parts; 3) set of tools and accessories; 4) set of operation documents;
5) storage box; 6) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Nonuniformity of the frequency characteristic of
the vertical deflection channel (RVO) in the band
0-4 kHz must not be, db, over 1
Maximum KVO sensitivity, mm/mV, not less than 2
Scaling factor error of the input divider, not
- over S
Nonlinearity of the amplitude characteristic of KVO,
not over �5
KVO input resistance, kOhm, not less than 30
Input capacitance, pF 250
Voltage ensured by the RVO sensitivity calibrator,
V ..........................................o...... 0.05; 0.5; 5
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Error, not over �10
Horizonal scanning of the beam is ef f ected ;
by an external sinus4idal signal (from the in-
instruments IDKh, IChKh, IDCh, ITPZ),
with a frequency of, Hz SO
with an amplitude of, V...........a....... 1
by a signal from the internal generator
Frequency characteristic nonuniformity of the hori-
zontal deflection channel (RGO) in the frequency
- band from Q to 500 Hz, not over, dB 3
Image size, mm 100X160
- Brightness modulation i.s effected by pulses of
positive polarity:
with a length of, ms 0.2-30
with an amplitude of, V, not les s than 5
KIU-1 is checked by means o� standaxd measuring instruments.
Nonuniformity of the frequency characteristic is checked by means of the
generator G3-35, voltmeter V3-40, direct current source V5-11, and voltmeter
V2-19. A signal from the generator and the direct current source is de-
livered to the input and it: value is mon i-tored by the voltmeter. The non-
uniformity of the KVO frequency characteristic is determined by the size of
the image on the screen depending on the frequency of the delivered signal
in relation to a signal of 100 Hz.
Sensitivity of the KVO is determined by the preceding method with the aid of
G3-35 and voltmeter V3-40. A signal with a frequency of 400 Hz, whose value
corresponds to 100 mm of the image, is sent to the input.
The error of the input amplifier is checked by the method described above
at three positions of the switch "divider Nonlinearity of the amplitude
_ characteristic of the KGO is checked with the aid of the direct current
source B5-11. By changing the signal from B5-11 from 100 mV to 0 through 10
mV, the changes in the beam deflection on the ELT are registered. The input
parameters are measured with the aid of the bridge Ye2-4.
Cli:natic and mechanical tests and tests for electric strength are done in
accordance with GOST 9763-69.
The Semiconductor Television Oscillograph 51-57 is intended for visual ob-
servation of pulsed and periodic electrical signals, measurements of the am-
plitudes and lengths of signa"ls, and detailed studies of television signals
with a display of the section of the rast er being examined.
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FOR OrFICIIIL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ON'LY
The signal being studied is delivered to "Input I" er to "Input II" of the
vertical deflection amplifier located, respectively, on the front and back
panels of the instrunient. There is a switch for switching the inputs. Am-
plified voltage from the amplifier of the vertical deflection of the beam
- is delivered to the vertically deflecting plates of the ELT.
The vertical deflection amplifier can be adjusted by the degree of sensitiv-
ity and the vertical position of the beam. The studied signal is taken in
the section from the preamplifier to the delay line for triggering the line
discrimination unit (BVS) and the scanning unit. The gating pulse which
may be in phase with any line or its part within the limits of the entire
frame of the television raster is isolated by the BVS.
The unit is triggered eitiier by a complete video signal or by the pulses of
the frequency of the lines and the frequency of the fields which are deliv-
ered from the outside to the input emitter followers and further to the BVS.
The scanning unit produces sawtooth voltage whose duration can be controlled
both in steps and smoothly within wide limits, which makes it possible to
examine video signals from a part of the line to a whole frame on the screen
of rhe oscillograph.
The sweep generator can operate both in the periodic mode and in the slave
sweep mode. Scanning can be synchronized by: a gating pulse produced by the
BVS; any periodic signal being studied; an external synchronizing signal.
In addition to sawtooth voltage, the sweep generator produces brightening
pulses for the ELT and the video control unit (VKU). The duration of the
pulses is equal to the sweep interval. Sawtooth voltage goes from the out-
put of the sweep circuit to the horizontal deflection amplifier and *hen to
the modulator of the ELT for brightening the working scanning motion.
- When a sweep multiplier is used, the length of calibrated sweeps decreases
to one fifth. The expansion is done to the left and to the right from the
center of the ELT screen.
The sensitivity of the vertical amplifier and sweep lengths are calibrated,
which makes it possible to measure the amplitude and time intervals quickly
and accurately.
The BVS unit ensures stable phase coincidence of the sweep with any line or
its part within the limits of a complete frame or simultaneously in the even
and odd field, as well as the triggering of scanning with frequency fixation
of the lines of the fields.
The scanning delay in the BVS can be regulated by not less than 70 microsec-
onds by turning the "delay" handle from one stop to the other.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
' Provisions are made in the oscillograph for obtaining brightness time marks
when an external signal is delivered to the jack "Input Z".
Channel "Z" makes it possible to observe bright marks when sinusoidal vol-
tage in the frequency band from 100 Hz to 5 MHz, as well as pulsed signals
of both polarities with a duration from 0.2 to S microseconds and an ampli-
tude from 1 to 5 V, are delivertd to its input.
The oscillograph is designed in two variants: bench type and bay type. The
- hay-type oscillograph, unlike the bench type, has special side brackets and
does not have the Iegs and handles on the side which serve for carrying the
instrument.
The instrument set includes: 1) 1:10 divider; 2) light filter; 3) connecting
cord; 4) conducting wire; 5) cables (2 items) ; 6) network cord; 7) "crocQ-
dile" clamp; 8) draw tube; 9) T-joint; 10) safety device (4 items); 11} in-
candescent lamps (3 items); 12) storage box; 13) frame; 14) technical descrip-
tion and operation manual; 15) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specif ications
Size of the working part of the oscillograph
screen, mm/div:
vertically 48/6
horizontally 80/10
Thickness of the beam line, nun, does not exceed 0.8
Parameters of rectangular pulses of the inner source
of calibration voltage:
on-off time ratio 2+20%
frequency, kHz 1+2%
amplitude, V 0.2�2%; 1+2%
Nominal values of the calibration deviation factor (sensitivity) :
' 0.01 V/div (800 mm/V) ; 0.02 V/div (400 mn/V) ; 0.05 V/div (160 mm/V) ;
0, 1 V/div (30 mm/V) ; 2 V/div (4 mm/V) ; S V/div (2 mm/V).
Deviation factor is regulated smoothly with overlap
coeff icients, not less than 2; 5
_ Nonlinearity of the ampli.tude characteristic of the
- vertical deflection amplifier, does not exceed . 5
The error in the measurement of signal amplitude is 5% with the lengths of
pulses irom 0.03 microsecond to 0.2 second and frequenc;� of sinusoidal sig-
nals �rom 0 to 311~91z in the range of input voltages from 0.03 to 30 V of the
ampJ.itude and an image size from 3(24 nun) to 6(43 mm) large divisions.
The passband of the vertical deflection amplifier is 0-15 MHz with a nonuni-
formity of not over 3 dB when signal deiivered to the open "InpuC I" (at
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL L'SE GNLY
that time the nonuniformity of the frequency characteristic in the range
from 100 kHz to 7.5 MHz does not exceed 5% in relation to the level on a
fre4uency of L MHz and 10% at frequencies of up to 10 MHz). The passband
of the vertical deflection amplif ier is 0-7,5 MHz when the signal is deliv-
ered tu the open "Input II" from 0 to 7.5 MHz with a nonuniformity of S%.
Duration of calibration scans: 20; 10; S; 2; 1; 0.5; 0.2; 0.1 ms/div. 50: -
20; 10; 5; 2; 1; 0.5; 0.2; 0.1 microseconds/div. -
Scanning length on each subband is regulat2d smoothly with overlapping coef- _
ficients of not less than 1; 2; 5.
Measurement error of time intervals: 5% (without exapnsion), in the range
from 0.4 microsecond to 0.2 second with the image size in the horizontal
direction from 4 to 10 large divisions.
Measurement error is 5% in expanded ranges of scanning from 0.08 mi.erosec-
ond ta 32 ms when the image size in the horizontal direction is from 4 to 8
large divisions and the beginning and the end of the time interval being
measured is symmetric in relation to the center of the screen.
Horizontal deflection amplif ier
Passband, MHz 0-3
Nonuniformity of the frequency characteristic, 3 dB
Deflection factor, V/div:
without expansion, not more than .,.o......... 1
with expansion, not more than .....o.......... 0.2
Power consunption, V�A 110
D imens ions , rrmi :
bench model 480X160X475
bay model 520X160X510
Weight, kg 25
The Oscillograph 59-1 is intended for: visual observation of pulse-type and
periodic signals; measuring the amplitudes and lengths of studied signals;
detailed studies of television signals with a display of the raster section
being examined; measuring differential amplification, differential phase,
and characteristics of the color subcarrier. _
The oscillograph S9-1 has a standardized casing and consists of the follow-
ing main devices: input attenuator; vertical deflection amp lifier; rf
filter circuit; circuit for clamping the video signal by the level of syn-
chropulses; input emitter followers; synchronizer; sweep generator; amplifier
106
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
"X"; amplifier "Y"; electron-ray tube; amplitude and length calibrator;
power supply unit; matching filter.
k`or the triggering and synchronization of scanning, it is possible to use
- the studied signal from the amplifier of vertical deflection of the beam
_ with internal synchronization.
The instrument set includes: 1) divider; 2) clamp; 3) cables (4 items) ; 4)
casings; 5) conducting wire; 6) light filter; 7) T-joint; 8) draw tube;
9) network cord; 10) incandescent lamps (5 items); 11) protective devices
(4 items); 12) storage case; 13) technical description and operation manual;
14) technical record.
Basic Speci�ications
Passband of the amplifier of vertical deflection
rrom direct current, MHz up to 20
Nonuniformity of the band when the signal is deliv-
ered to the open input, dB, not over 3
Frequency characteri;tic nonuniformity, does not
exctcd:
in relation to tiia level on a frequency of 1 MHz 3
in the f requency range 10
_ Passband of the horizonral deflection amplifier, MHz,
_ with frequency characteristic nonuniforncity of 3 dB 3
Build-up time of the transient response of the ver-
tical deflect:ion channel, ns, does not exceed 18
Nonlinearity of the amplitude characteristic of Che
vertical beam deflection channel, does not exceed 5
Measurement of pulse si.gnals :
amplitude range, V 30�103-40
pulse length, ns .........................o.... 80
c 'undametical neasurement error, with the image
dimensions on the screen:
3-6 cm +S
6-8 cm .....................................o.. +3
Power consumed by the instrument from the network
- -i t a aom4 n=11 voltage, V�A 110
The Special Oscillograph 59-2 is intendec f.or visiial observation of pulsed
and peri.odic electrical. signals, measurerent of a~:;~lir_udes and lengths of
the siQnals bei.ng studied, detailed studies on tE" vision signals on the
VKU of the raster section being examined.
107
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~
The main area of application is in studying and measuring the parameters of
video signals in the instrument rooms of television centers, in laboratori.es,
and workshops.
The oscillograph is based on the classical. schematic and consists of a ver-
tical bea.m deflection amplifier, a sweep generator, a horizontal beam deflec-
tion amplifier, a synchronization unit, a line discrimination unit, an elec-
tron-ray tube, and power supply unit. The signal being studied arrives at
the input of the vertical deflection amplifier, is amplified to the neces-
sary value, and is delivered to the vertically deflecting plates of the ELT.
Part of the signal arrives at the synchronization unit which forms pulses
for triggering a sawtacth voltage. The latter effects the scanning of the
signal along the time axis. The line discrimination device delays the trig-
gering of the scanning intil the moment when a r..ulse synchronous with a de-
finite number of th: television line is formed. The selection of the line
is accomplished aith the aid of a special delay circuit. The number of the
selected line is displayed with the aid of a display board on the "Nixie"-
type tubes. The oscillogram of the selected line is reproduced on the ELT
screE-i on which the measurements of the amplitude and time parameters are
made.
The instrument has a standardized casing. The presence of conversion frames
in the set makes it possible to use this instrument not only as a bench mo-
del but also as a bay model.
The television line selection unit ensures a stable phasing of scanning with
any line number within the limits of a complete frame. The filters bui?t
into the vertical beam deflection channel make it possible to isolate the
following from a complete color video signal: brightness signals; color sig-
nals; high-frequency component of 4.43 MHz; high-frequency component of 1.2
MHz.
The instrument set includes: 1) oscillograph 59-2; 2) technical description
and operation manual; 3) technical record; 4) 1:10 divider; 5) clamp; 6)
cables (3 items); 7) frame; 8) conducting wire; 9) light filter; 10) 75 Ohm
load; 11) draw tube; 12) network cord; 13) set of spare parts; 14) storage
box; 15) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Working part of the screen, mm ..............a.....
Beam line thickness, mm
Passband of the vertical beam deflection amplifier,
MHz ....................ooo........................
Frequency characteristic nonuniformity, in rela-
tion to a level of 1 MHz in the ranges:
108
.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
80X100
0.8
0-20
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from 0.1 to 7.5 MHz, not over ..........ooo.... +3
from 7.5 to 10 MHz, not over ...........o,..... +S
Build-up time of the transient respor.se, ns, does
not exceed ..................o..................... 18
Overshoot on the pulse image, X, does not exceed a. 3
Nonuniformity of the pulse image time, does not
exceed 15
.......o .............o..
Stabilization time of the transient response, ns,
- not over .........o................................ 50
Input resistance on jacks:
"Input I" ......o..~...........o........oo...o0 75 Ohms
"Input II " ................................o..0 1 MOhm (35 pF)
F3nge of calibrated deflection coefficients, V/cm o 0.01-5
Fundamental error of the deflection coeff icient,
for image dimensions: 3-6 cm ..............o.. 4
.................o.....
6-8 cm 2
Range of calibrated sweep factors, microsecond/cm . 0.1-50�103
Fundamental error of calibrated sweep factors, -N+
Error of the source of calibrated vultage, both
with respect to frequency and the amplitude +1
Synchronization range 20-= 25-103
Power supply voltage from an alternating current
netwark:
voltage, V .........................o.o.o..ooo. 220+22
with frequency, Hz .................,.o..,,,,o, (50-60)�0.5
Pawer consumed by the inst*ument, V�A 130
Dimensions, mm ,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,o,,,,, 160R360X430
Weight of the instrument, kg 18
The special oscillograph S9-2 is checked according to the method given in
the section "Checking Instructions" of the technical description. The
oscillograph has to be checked at least once a year.
~
109
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The following items are checked; 1) its outward appearance; 2) insulation
resistance; 3) amplitude and frequency error of the calibrator; 4) funda-
mental errors of the deflectior.. and scanning coefficients; 5) passband; 6)
built-up time of the transient response; 7) overshoot on the conversion "
frame; 8) steep slope of the pulse vertex; 9) lock f or the sweep; 10) pro-
per operation of the BVS unit.
- The following instruments are used for checking: pulse generators G5-40,
- G5-6A; signal generators G4-93, G3-56, G4-68; frequency meter Ch3-30; V1-4
unit; alternating current voltmetera V3-24, V3-25; oscillograph S1-67 GOST
9810-69; inductance and capacitance meter Ye7-5A; volt-kilohmmeter V7-16;
generator G6-8; m�ltipurpose disruptive discharge unit UPU-1P.
9,5. Amplitude Modulation Factor Meters
Amplitude Modulation Factor Meter S2-10. The S2-10 instrument (modulation
meter) is intended for measuring the depth of amplitude modulation (AM) of
weak signals and for checking internal modulation meters of generators of
standard signals and generators of signals in the laboratory and workshop
conditions.
The instrument satisfies the requirements of GOST 9763-67 and GOST 10086-68
for modulation meters of Class 3.0.
The instrument measures the amplitude modulation factor on the principle of
two voltmeters one of which ("carrier adjustment") is replaced with a highly
effective system of automatic stabilization of the average level of the car-
rier, and the scale of the other is calibrated directly in the percentages
of modulation depth. Thus, the principle of amplitude modulation measure-
ment is based on a direct determination of the ratio of the amplitude of
rhe positive and negative half-period of the modulating signal to the aver-
age level of the carrier whose constant value is stabilized by the system
of automatic level stabilization (ASU).
A high-frequency AM [amplitude modulated] signal arrives at the conversion
unit (BS-l, BS-2, or BS-3) from which the intermediate frequency voZtage
released by the concentrated selection filter arrives at the wide-band am-
plifier intended for amplif ying the AM voltage in the frequency range from
15 kHz to 20 iMHz to a value necessary for linear detection in the semicon-
ductor carrier detector.
The wide-band amplifier together with the carrier detector are in the ring
of the ASU whose operating principle is based on comparing the reference
voltage with the voltage proportional to the mean value of the carrier ob-
tained at the output of the carrier detector. The voltage difference is
amplified by the direct current amplifier and is delivered to the screen
grids of the first three stages in the form of an amplifier for adjusting
the amplification.
110
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After detection, the envelope of the high-frequency signal is sent through
the cathode follower and peak vo:.tmeter measuring its average value by the
galvanometer whose scale is calibrated in the values of moduiation depth.
For covering the range of 800 kHz-1500 MHz at the selective input, the in-
strument has three removable units each of which contains .a mixer with a
concentrated selection filter, a heterodyne, and an objective adjustment
circuit with an electron-optical indicator for widening the dynamic range.
The entire instrument is designed on the basis of a block system. The in-
strument does not have a common casing. Structurally, the front panel is
not the load-carrying element.
The S2-10 instrument is delivered in the following variants with replace-
able units:
1 2 3 4 5 6
BS-1 BS-2 BS-3 BS-1, BS-2, BS-1, BS-2 BS-2, BS-3
BS-3
Basic Specifications
Operating range of the carrier frequencies of the
signals being measured, MHz 0.015-1500
Operating range is covered by:
aperiodic input of the inatrument, kHz 25; 20�103
replaceable unit BS-1 800; 25�103
replaceable unit BS-2 ............o............ 20; 340�103
replaceable unit BS-3 ................o...... . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . o . 1.25
163
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Table 14.1
~
/2~
(2
Ten reneparops
XSPRNTSQNGTMBN
M_� I
r2-42 ~
1
r2�43
qact'm,
AHana3p}~
12,04-17,44
17,44-26,88
25,8fi-37,5
~
_
rru
Ceveiine~~toao-
I7X8
I1X5,5
7,2X3,4
Aa. MM (S)
1'a6aptiTd Rr
396X63X35
-
396X55X29
286X65X24
Key: 1. Characteristics 3. Frequency range, GHz
2. Generator type 4. Waveguide section, mm
' S, Dimensions, mm
The Coaxial I3oise Generators G2-5B, G2-6B are intended for use as a source
of a calibrated noise signal in measuring the noise factor and the amplifi-
cation factor of reception-amplifying devices.
These generators belong to Group IV of GOST 9763-67 with respect to their
stability to climatic and mechanical influences.
, The noise source is the gas-discharge tube in the coaxial line. The neces-
sary matching of the tube with the coaxial li::c is ensured by the selection
of the diameter and the 4*inding pitch of the spiral within the coaxial line.
The generator has two high-frequency connectors: a matched load is connect-
ed to one of them, and the other is intended for removing the noise signalo
The generator set includes: 1) modulator; 2) matched load with a constant
phase; 3) plug connector; 4) cable; 5) releasing device; 6) assembling key;
7) coaxial adapters (2 items); 8) gas-discharge tubes; 9) storage box; 10)
technical description, operation manual, and manufacturer's rating certifi-
cate.
Basic Specif icatians
GPnerated frequency ranges, GHz, for generators:
G2-5B .................................o...... 0.5-2
G2-6B 0.8-4
Wave resistance, Ohms, for generators:
G2-5B 75
G2-6B 50
Dimensions, mm 78X48X455
Weight, kg 1.6
164
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
r
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14.2. Low-Frequency Signal Generators
Generator G3-54. This functional genprator which is a source of sawtooth,
rectangular, and sinusoidal electrical oscillations of the infrasonic and
audio frequencies is intended for tuning and testing various electronic in-
struments under laboratory and plant conditions. The instrument satisf ies
the requirements of Group II of GOST 9763-67.
The generaror operates on the principle of functional conversion of the ini-
tial form of voltage to prescribed forms. The sawtooth form is taken to be
the initial form of voltage. The generator consists of the following func-
' tional assemblies: constant-temperature master generator of sawtooth oscil-
lations; buffer stage; sawtooth voltage amplifier; shaper; trigger; output
amplifier; temperature control device; smooth and step attenuators; power
st;pply unit.
The output of the generator is unsymmetrical.
The sawtooth voltage produced in the master generator goes, through the buf-
- fer and linear amplifiers, to the shaper, where it is converted to a sinu-
soidal-shape voltage and is delivered to the output amplifier. Here, the
signal is amplified and, through the smooth and step attenuators, is deliv-
ered to the output of the generator.
In order to obtain a rectangular-shape voltage at the output of the gener-
- ator, a signal from the same master generator, through the buffer amplifier,
_ is delivered to the trigger, from which the signal of the rectangular-shape
- voltage arrives at the output amplifier and fux�ther through the same assem-
- hlies arrives at the output of the generator.
In order to obtain a sawtooth-voltage at the output of the generator, a sig-
nal from the master generator, through the buffer amplifier af sawtooth vol-
' tage,is delivered to the output amplif ier, and then, through the smaoth
and step attenuators, to the output of the generator.
The generator can work in two modes: continuous generation,or generation of
one period with manual triggering.
The instrument set includes: 1) connecting cable; 2) safety fuses (20 items);
3) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Generator generates signals of three kinds: sawtooth, rectangular
(meander), sinusoi_dal, as well as marking signals to a special
output.
Frequency range, Hz 0.01-1000
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Subranges: from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz; from 0.1 to 1 Hz;
from 1 to 10 Hz; from 14 to 100 Hz; from 100 to
1000 Hz.
Permissible fundamental error +(0.03 F+ 0.02 Finax) Hz,
where F-- generated frequency; FmaX maximum subrange
frequency.
Nominal amplitude voltage, V, on a load of 600
Ohms 7.75
Range of smoothly regulated output voltage, V(for
- all signal shapes) 1-10
Provisions are made for changing the output voltage by 60 dB
in steps every 20 dB.
Step attenu ator error, dB, at frequencies from 20 to
1000 Hz, doe s not exceed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C ; 5
Back swing t ime of sawtooth voltage and length of the cut-off
fronts, mic roseconds, for rectangular pulses, does not exceed
0.01 T+ SO (T oscillation period).
Nonlinearity of satatooth voltage, in the frequency
range from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, does not exceed 5
Harmonic d i stortion factor of the sinusoidal output
- voltage, on frequencies of 20-1000 Hz at a nomi-
nal output voltage, does not exceed 6
- Pulse ampli tude, V, at the marking output, not less
than 1
Power supply of the generator from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V 220�10%
frequen cy, Hz 50�1
Power cons umption, V�9 150
Dimensions, mm 485X405X270
Weight, kg 30
The following operations are performed during checking.
ThP presence of all fonns of the output voltage is checked visually in a
range of 100-1000 Hz by mPans of an oscillograph.
166
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONI.Y
The frequency error is determined by measuring the frequency at the output
of the instrument (in the mode of the generation of sinusoidal oscillations
at an output voltage of 1-10 V) in a range of 100-1000 Hz and by measuring
the period in the remaining frequency range by any method.
Amplitudes of all forms of the output voltage are measured at a frequency
of 0.01 Hz with a direct current voltmeter, in a range of 20-1000 Hz by
any method ensuring the amplitude measurements with an error of not more
than 0.5%.
The duration of the fronts of sawtooth rectangular voltage is determined
with the aid of an oscillograph with calibrated scanning.
The nonlinearity of the sawtooth voltage in the frequency range 0.01-0.1 Hz
is checked by means of an EPP-09M2 recorder. The harmonic distortion fac-
tor of the sinusoidal output voltage is checked with a nonlinear distortion
meter in a frequency range of 20-1000 Rz.
The amplitude of the marking pulses is determined with the aid of a voltage-
calibrated oscillograph.
Low-Frequency Signal Generator G3-55. This instrument is intended for use
in a set of monitoring equipment for quality indexes of frequency-modulated
and amplitude-modulated transmitters, broadcasting channels, and television
sound channels, and can be used only in a bay (Figure 14.1).
Figure 14.1
The instrument is designed to operate under the conditions of the fields of
amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated transmitter of up to 20 V/m,
The generator meets the requirements of GOST 9763-67. With respect to its
stability to mecri.znical and climatic influences, the instrument belongs to
Group II of GOST 9763-67 with expansion of the operating temperature range
from S to 50 degrees C.
167
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The generator consists of eight units: master gene=ator; amplifier NChI
[low-frequency I]; amplifier NChII; power supply unit; transformer; level
- meter; attenuator and output units.
The master generator with resistance-capacitance tuning based on the Wien
circuit generates a sinusoidal signal which is amplified by the amplifier
NChI ensuring the required output power at the unsymmetrical output. The
balancing of the signal output is achieved by using an additional amplifier
NChII with a transmission factor of 1.
The level of the output voltage is monitored by the level meter which serves
simultaneously as an indicator of the instrument's operation capacity. The
output voltage is regulated smoothly with the aid of a regulator installed
in the input circuit of the amplifier NChI, and is regulated in steps with
the aid of attenuators installed at the output of both amplifiers.
The power supply unit provides stabilized voltage for the master generator,
both amplifiers, and the level meter.
The generator is designed as a standard bay type whose frame consists of two
cast carrier brackets.
The instrument set includes: 1) set of spare parts and accessories consist-
ing of: safety devices (4 items), power supply cord, connecting cable, head-
piece with clamps, adapter, incandescent lamp, push-button switch; 2) des-
cription and operation manual, manufacturer's rating certificate; 3) descrip-
- tion of nonstandard measuring instruments.
Basic Specifications
Generator produces a sinusoidal signal at 20 fixed frequencies:
30; 50; 60; 100; 120; 200; 400; 800; 1000; 2000; 4000; 5000;
6000; 7000; 8000; 8500; 10,000; 1.2,000; 15,000; 20,000 Hz.
Fundamental frequency error, not over �1.5
Nominal output voltage, V, at the symmetric output
at a matched load with output resistance,
600 Ohms 4
50 Ohms .......o.oo............................ 2
at the unsymmetric output with output resistance of
50 Ohms at a load resistance of 600 Ohms 4
Maximum output voltage, V, under normal conditions at
load resistances;
600 Ohms, not less than 5.2
50 Ohms, not less than ...................o.oa. 2.5
Output voltage asymmetry at the symmetric output,%,
at output resistances:
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600 Ohms, does not exceed 5
SO Ohms, does not exceed 10
Frequency characteristic nnnuniformity, in relation to
the signal level on a frequency of 1000 Hz in temperature
intervals from 5 to 25 degrees C for frequency ranges,
does not exceed;
from 30 to 10,000 Hz 2.5(0.2 dB)
from 12,000 to 20,000 Hz 3.5(0.3 dB)
For temperature intervals trom 25 to 50 degrees C,
this nonuniformity, does not exceed 7
Normalized fundamental error of the level meter,
does not exceed 2.5
Frequency characteristic nonuniformity of the level
meter, in relation to the level in the frequency
ranges, does not exceed:
from 30 to 1000 Hz .,o..o ..................ooo. 1.5
from 12,000 to 20,000 Hz 2
At the output with a load resistance of 600 Ohms, the
sinusoidal signal is attenuated by the attenuator opera
ting
on a matched active load with a nominal resistance value
of 600 Ohms by -60 dB (in steps at ever} 1 dB).
Harmonic distortions, at a load resistance of 600 Ohms
and nominal output voltage at unsymmetric and symmetric
outputs on frequencies,
30 Hz .................o.......................
0.15
from SO to 120 and 12,000 to 20,000 Az
0.1
from 200 to 10,000 Hz
0.05
Harmonic distortions, at a load resistance of 50
Ohms and nominal output voltage at the symmetric output
on frequencies :
40; 50; 60 Hz
0.2
100; 120 Hz ......o........
0.15
from 200 to 20,000 Hz ...o.........
0.1
The largest variable component of supply voltage and
its four harmonics, against the nominal output vol-
tage on both outputs, does not exceed .....a.......
0.025
Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V ...a .....................oo...
220�10%
frequency, Hz
50/60�1%
harmonic content, %
up to 5
169
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Power consumed by the instrument, V�A 60
Dimensions, mm ..........................o......... 520X215X520
Weight, kg ...................ao............o..o... 30
Low-Frequency Signal Precision Generator G3-105. The instrument is a source
of sinusoidal electrical oscillations with a high degree of accuracy and
stability of frequency in the razge from 0.01 Hz to 2 MHz.
The instrument is intended for operation at ambient air temperatures from
5 to 40 degrees C and a relative humidity of up to 95% at an ambient air
temperature of 30 degrees C and an atmospheric pressure of (96-104) kPao
The generator is designed by the method of direct synthesis of signals of
prescribed frequencies with the aid of a system of identical decade con-
verters. All of them work on the same frequencies. The circuit uses 10 rc;-
ference frequencies: 18; 18.1; 18.2; 18.3; 18.4; 18.5; 18.6; 18.7; 18.8;
18.9 MHz formed in advance in the reference frequency unit.
Reference frequency signals are amp lified by the output amplifiers and are
delivered through the electronic signal switch to the decade converters.
Reference frequency is selected by pressing the buttons on the front panel
of the generators.
The system of decade converters consists of seven identical decades each of
which is a mixer with a band filter and a frequency divider with the divi-
sion factor 10.
The generator has an interpolation heterodyne whose frequency changes within
the range from 18 to 19 MHz. The heterodyne can be connected to any decade
converter for a complete change of the output frequency in any position.
The generator is designed in the f orm of two portable instruments: genera-
tor proper and power supply unit.
The instrument set includes: 1) signal generator; 2) power supply unit; 3)
combination set; 4) cables (10 items); 5) clamp; 6) 50 Ohm load; 7) divider
1:100; 8) T-joint; 9) sockets (3 items); 10) intermediate socket; 11) brace;
12) switching unit; 13) plug; 14) indication lamps (2 items); 15) signal
lamps (3 items); 16) safety devices (8 items); 17) storage box; 18) techni-
cal description and operation manual; 19) technical record.
- Basic Specifications
Main frequency range, Hz .................o.o~o.~.. 10-1999999.99
Additional frequency range, Hz 0.01-10
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Minimal step of discrete frequency adjustment, Hz.. 0.01
Fundamental relative error of discrete frequency
values, not over +5�10"7
Relative frequency instability at discrete points,
does not exceed during arbitrarily selected:
three-hour or one-hour intervals +5�10-3
15-minute interval +2�10'3
Maximum output voltage, V, at the main output with
a connected external load of 5040.25 Ohms, not less
than 1
Output voltage is regulated by the built-in attenu-
" ator within the limits of, dB:
in steps (every 10 dB) 60
continuously 12
Remote 1:100 divider connected to the jack ensures
attenuation, dB 40
Fundamental error of the adjusr_ment of the reference
level of the output voltage from the final value of
the measurement range of the built-in output level
meter, does not exceed .}6
Error of the attenuator and the remote divider, dB,
does not exceed +0.5
Maximum output voltage, mV, at the auxiliary output
with a connected external load of 10 kOhms, not less
than 50
The instrument can work from an external reference
generator:
with frequency, MHz 5 and 10
with signal amplitude, mV 150-250
Power supply of the generator from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V 220+22
with frequency, Hz 504-0.5
with harmonic content, % 5
Instrument self-heating time, hours 2
Power consumed by the instrument from the network
at a nominal voltage, V�A 150
171
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Dimensions, mm:
generators
power unit
Weight, kg:
generators
power unit
480X240X470
480X120X470
30
18
Low-Frequency Signal Generator G3-101. This instrument is intended for re-
gulating and testing radio equipment under laboratory and shop conditions,
and meets the requirements of GOST 9763-67.
The G3-101 is designed as a bench-type portable instrument which includes
two separate units. The first unit consists of: a power unit, an impulser,
a control generator, an operation mode unit, an output unit, and attenuators.
The second unit includes: frequency dividers; a high-frequency, a low-fre-
quency, and a fixed generators; a frequency manipulator, a thermistor, and
a voltage divider.
The instrument set includes: 1;
Ohm load; 4) clamps (4 items);
7) cable plugs; 8) T-joints (2
lamps (2 items); 11) covers (2
13) technical record.
Checking methods are described
cables (8 items); 2) 1:100 divider; 3) 75
5) transition plates; 6) adapters (2 items);
items); 9) safety devices (4 items); 10)
items); 12) description, operation manual;
in the operation manual included in the set.
Basic Specifications
J
~ Frequency range of the instrumer.t (with discrete
1
points every 1 kHz), kHz 1-2�103
Fundamental error of the adjustment of discrete fre-
quency values, not over +1�10f (f output signal
frequency).
There is a possibility of frequency :eparation in
the instrument at any of the discrete noints within
the limits of, Az �500
Voltage of spurious frequencies at the out put with
the exception of the harmonic components of t~e sig-
nal, is weakened in relation to the level of the
useful signal:
in the frequency band of �250, not less than by 500 times
in the entire remaining frequency range 1000
Level of the largest harmonic component of the out-
_ put signal, % 5
172
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Overall dimensions of the packing of each unit, mm
Weight of the instrument, kg:
without packing
with packing
695X390X560
22
40
The method of checking is described in the operation manual included in the
set.
The Low-Frequency Signal Generator G3-36A is a portable source of sinusoi-
dal and rectangular electrical oscillations of the sonic and ultrasonic fre-
quencies. It is intended for regulating and testing low-frequency and ul-
trasonic stages of radio equipment under laboratory and industrial condi-
tions.
The generator consists of the following main units: exciter; sinusoidal sig-
nal output amplifier; matching amplifier; square signal shaper; square sig-
nal output amplifier; voltage divider; output indicator; stabilizer.
The exciter of the generator is based on the Wien bridge circuit; the posi-
tive feedback circuit contains an L-type phasing circuit.
All electric equipment is assembled in a standard portable bench-type case-
less housing.
The instrument set includes: 1) low-frequency signal generator G3-36A; 2)
connecting cords (2 items); alligator clips (Z items); 4) technical de-
scription and operation manual; 5) technical record.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range of 20 Hz - 200 kHz is covered by
four subranges:
X1
X10
X100
X1000
Funda:nental error of frequency adjustment not over
�(3+150/fH)%, where f g is the value of frequency in
hertz as established by the scale.
Temperature coefficient of frequency, in the op-
erating temperature interval per each 10 degrees C,
does not exceed
20-200
200-2000
2000-20,000
20,000-200,000
1
Provisions are made in the generator to regulate
output voltage smoothly. The nominal value of the
output voltage, V, at a frequency of 1000 Hz and a
load of 600 Ohms, not less than 5
173
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At the output, there is a three-step divider ensuring
the
division of the output voltage by 10, 100, 1000 times.
Error of division coefficient, dB, not over
�0.8
at load resistance, kOhms, not less than
20
Error in the adjustment of the reference value of the
output voltage in % of the upper measurement lr�vel
in the entire frequency range, does not exceed
+b
Harmonic distortion factors at a nominal output vol-
- tage and load resistance of 600 Ohms in the frequency
ranges:
2
20-50 Hz
over 50 Hz - 20 kHz
1
20-200 kHz
2
Additional value of the harmonic distortion factor,
per each 10 degrees C, does not exceed
1
- Gunerator has a square signal mode with the follow-
ing characteristic:
Repetition frequency corresponds to the frequency of
' the sinusoidal signals; maximum amplitude of the out-
put voltage, V, not less than
5
Fundamental reduced error of the level meter, for
the square signal, not over
+20
- Length of the edge and cutoff of the square signal,
ns, at a load resistance of 600+6 Ohms in the entire
repetition frequency range, does not exceed
300
- Square signal on-off time ratio at a load resistance
of 600+6 Ohms in the entire repetition frequency
2+0.4
range .....................................o.o....
Power supply of the instrument from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V
220+22
frequency, Hz
50�0.5
harmonic content, %
5
Power consumed by the instrument, V�A 9
Instrument weight, kg, not over 5
Dimensions, mm, not over 235X240X170
174
FOR JFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
The generator is checked in accordance with GOST 12691-67 "Low-Frequency
Generators. Methods and Means of Checking",
14.3. �High-Frequency Signal Generators
The High-Frequency Signal Generator G4-70 is intended for checking and tun-
ing various radio receiving devices and their elements operating in the
modes of amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (ChM) and televi-
sion signal modulation. The instrument can be used in laboratories and
workshops producing the above-mentioned equipment, in repair shops, and in
television studios.
The generator G4-70 ensures voltage modulation by high-frequency television
signals of both polarities.
The wide band of modulating frequencies during frequency modulation and
amplitude modulation ensures the possibility of the modulation of high-fre-
quency voltage by a stereosignal.
The small value of parasitic frequency modulation makes it possible to check
-the set background of high-quality television sets and receivers of fre-
quency-modulated broadcasting.
The generator performs the following types of operations: continuous gener-
ation; internal amplitude modulation by sinusoidal voltage; external ampli-
tude modulation by sinusoidal voltage; internal �requency modulation by
sinusoidal voltage; external frequency modulation by sinusoidal voltage; a
combined frequency-amplitude modulation by sinusoidal voltage; internal am-
plitude modulation by a meander; external amplitude moduJ.ation by a video
signal at frequencies above 20 MHz; external pulse modulati.on at frequencies
above 20 MHz.
The G4-70 generator set includes: 1) nigh-frequency cable; 2) coaxial adap-
ter; 3) repair cable; 4) high-frequency connecting cables (2 items); 5) con-
necting adapter; 6) power supply cable; 7) safety devices (20 items); 8)
storage box; 9) technical description, operation manual, and ma.nufacturer's
rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range, MHz, covered by eight subranges 4-300
Fundamental error of frequency adjustment, 1
Short-term frequency instability in 15 minutes 1.5
hours after self-heating 15�105
Parasitic frequency modulation in the mode of con-
tinuous generation, Hz, at:
175
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f ~ 225 MHz
75
10-6
f 7 226 MHz
Output Parameters in the Mode of Continuous Generation:
Output voltage, mV, at a load of 75 Ohms:
50
0'4
calibrated
-
5�1
uncalibrated
up *0 100
Error of reference voltage, at:
f ~ 250 MHz
lOP
f ~ 250 MHz
25
Adjustment error of the system of attenuators, at:
f ~ 250 MHz
1.2
f 7 250 MHz
1.5
Parasitic amplitude modulation, %
0.3
Parameters of Amplitude Modulation by Sinusoidal Signal:
Frequency of internal amplitude modulation, Hz
1000
Range during external amplitude modulation, Hz
50-6000
Limits of modulation depth regulation,
10-95
Fundamental error of modulation depth adjustment on
frequencies above 8 MHz at ty[=10 ; 90% and M=10 ;
- 50%
-�0.05 M + 5
Parasitic frequency modulation during amplitude modu-
lation at M=30%
2�10'5 f+300 Hz
i Parameters of Frequency Modulation by Sinusoidal Signa
l:
- Frequency of internal frequency modulation, Hz
1000
Frequency range, Hz, during external frequency modu-
- lation
30-60,000
Regulation limits of frequency deviation, kHz, at:
f= 4 ; 6 MHz
up to 50
- f= 6. 20 MHz
up to 75
in the remaining range
up to 100
Nonlinear distortion coefficient during frequency
modulation, not over
3
176
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Fundamental measurement error, % 10
- During frequency modulation, the parasitic amplitude
modulation, at deviation of 75 kAz, not over 6
Modulation Parameters by a Pulse Si gnal and a Video Signal:
Frequency range, Hz, during externa 1 modulation by ,
video signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ,-6.5 � 10-6
Frequency characteristic nonuniformity, dB 1
Variation limits of depth modulation, 10-90
Variation of the maximum "black" level, % during
changes in modulation depth 8
Distortion of horizontal sections, of a square
symmetric pulse with a frequency of 50 Hz 3
I Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V 220�10%
frequency, Hz 50-60
_ Power consumption, J�A 115
Dimensions, mm 540X300X350
Weight, kg 30
The Generator of Standard Signals G4-73 is an instrument with a quartz fre-
quency control within the range which p uts out an output signal of a cali-
brated level wit}i various types of modulation and is intended for control-
ling and monitoring receiving and transm itting communication systems with
_ various types of modulstion, inc?uding single-band modulation, within the
- frequency range of 0.1-70 MHz.
T:ie generator can be used for checking f requency snd amplitude distortions
- of narrow-band channels of UPCh [interme diate-Irequency amp:~fiers].
The instrument meets the requirements of GOST 9763-67, GOST 9788-69 and
maintains its technical characteristics at the ambient temperature from 5
to 40 degrees C, low pressure, and a re lative humidity of 95% at a tempera-
ture of 30 degr.ees C.
The generator is a source of a highly s table radio signal which can have
various types of modulation, as well as a single irequency, a two-frequency,
and a three-frequency structure.
177
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The gene r ator is =anged in three cases (decade converter, modulator unit,
and power supply unit) placed one on top of the other and connected by ca-
bles. The instrument is designed with the use of replaceable units. Each
mode can be obtained with a set of a definite combination of units inserted
in the appropriate compartment oE the instrument.
The instr ument set includes; 1) replaceable units; 2) ZIP [kit of spare
parts, tools and accessories] ; 3) operational documentation.
Basic Specifications
Discrete frequency retuning, kHz 10
Freq uency range, MHz 185-255
Relative error of frequency adjustment in the unmodu-
lated carrier mode at fixed points of
the range of 01-70, MHz, not over �1�10"~
Shor t-term frequency instability in the unmodulated
carrier mode in 10 minutes of the instrument's oper-
- ation under nonnal conditions at fixed points of the
ran g e of 0.1-70 MHz, no t over �1�10'7
. Output voltage at a resistance of SO Ohms in the fre-
que ncy range of 0.1-70 MHz changes in steps every
1 V with smooth coverage within the step, V........ 10'7-0.1
Reference value of output signal voltage, V........ 0.1
Error of reference level, not over 10
The high-frequency signal generator G4-93 (Figure 14.2) is intended for
checking and tuning radio re ceiving, radio transmitting, and other radio
engineering equipment within the ranges of long, medium, and shortwaves _
under laboratory and workshop conditions.
With res pect to its stabilit y to climatic and mechanical influences, the
generator belongs to Group II of GOST 9763-67, and with respQCt to its tech- -
nical characteristics to C.lass I of GOST 10622-70.
~ The gene rator has ten functional assemblies: master self-oscillator; modu-
_ lator; h igh-frequency amplifier; amplifier ot automatic gain control ARU,
attenuator; indication amplifier; quartz calibrator; beat indicator; RC gen-
erator; power supply unit.
Operatio n modes continuous generation, internal and external modulation
by sinusoidal signal.
178
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FOR OFFICIAL USE aNLY
Figure 14.2
The generator set includes: 1) connecting cord; 2) high-frequency connect-
ing cables (4 items); 3) 50 Ohm load resistor; 4) 50 to 75 Ohm adapter; 5)
1:10 divider; 6) safety fuses (10 items); 7) technical description, instruc-
tions for periodic checking, manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Frequency range, MHz 0.01-0.050
Frequency scale error, % 0.5
Modulation depth adjustment limits, at an input
signal of not over 1 V, not less than 0-100
Error in the establishment of the reference level of
1 V at a load of 50+0.5 Ohms for all frequency ranges,
does not exceed, dB -+0.5
Fundamental error in the establishment of the modu-
lation depth coefficier.t at a modulation depth of up
- to 90% in % of the absolute value of the modulation
coefficient, does not exceed �5
- Error in the.weakening of th2 attenuator for the
attenuations:
from 0 to 80 dB +0.6
over 80 to 140 dB +1.0
Frequency instability in any 15 minutes of the in-
strument's operation under normal conditions after
one hour of self-heating, does not exceed �(40�10'6
fest + 10) Hz (feSt established frequency value).
= 179
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Instrument's power supply from an alternating cur-
rent :ietwork:
voltage, V 200�(8=-10)%
frequency, Hz 50�17e
harmunic content, �lo up to 5
Dimensions, mm 480X200X355
Weight, kg 18
The High-Frequency Signal Generator G4-102 (Figure 14.3) is intended for
tuning, regulating, and monitoring radio receiving equipment of the radio
broadcasting range. These generators are used to measure frequency and am-
' plitude characteristics of various devices, real sensitivity and fidelity
curves of receivers.
Figure 14.3
The instruments are intended for operation under labcratory and workshop
conditions and belong to Group II of GOST 9763-67,
These signal generators consist of three main functional systems: a system
for setting and reading signal frequencies; a system of setting and reading
modulation depths; a system for forming and reading the output signal level
Stabilization of the output signal level is ensured at a constant reference
voltage.
The generator set includes: 1) high-frequency cables (2 items); 2) low-fre-
quency cahle; 3) remote attenuator; 4) safety fuses (10 items); S) technical
description, operation manual, and manufacturer's rating certificate.
180
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Operation modes continuous generation and amplitude modulation.
Basic Specifications
Fre quency range, MHz
0.1-50
Adjustment limits of the output signal level in the
main channel, V
10"~ - 0.5
Frequency setting error, 1, not over
1
Fre quency instability in 15 minutes after 30 minutes of
self-
heating, not over -}-(2. S� 10'4 feSt + 50) Hz, where fest
"
established frequency value.
Harmonic distortion factor of the output signal (at
the main output), 70, not over
5
Error in setting the reference voltage level, dB,
' not over
1
Err or in the establishment of the modulation depth,
not over
10
Error in the establishment of the weakening of the
att enuator, dB, not over
1.5
14.4. Pulse Generators
The Gene rator of Code Pv1se Packets G5-37 (Figure 14.4) is intended for tun-
ing and testing radio el tronic equipment.
Figure 14,4
181
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The instrument works at temperatures from 5~:0 40 degrees C, maximum rela-
tive humidity of 95�/o at a temperature of 35 degrees C and satisfies the re-
quirements of GOST 9763-67, GOST 11113�72.
The generator produces a packet or groups of packets of pulses with chang-
ing parameters (amplitude, length, time spacing). The repetition period of
code packets is determined either by a timing oscillator or by an external
generator.
Pulses oF the external timing generator are sent to the unit forming the
triggering pulse of the generator unit, the synchropulse, and the prepara-
tion pulses. The generator unit produces a series of pulses which enters
the next unit which forms the output code signal and auxiliary control sig-
nals of other units.
The code signal goes to the unit forming the length of the output pulses,
- after which it goes to the output unit which forms the prescribed amplitudes,
, the edges, the fa].loff, and other parts of pulses.
The generator set includes: 1) a set of spare parts and accessories in a
storage box; 2) manufacturer's rating certificate, technical description,
and operation manual; 3) technical record.
- The generator of code pulse packets operates in the following modes: one
40-unit code; two consecutive 20-unit codes; three consecutive 10-unit codes;
four consecutive 10-unit codes; four parallel 10-unit codes; delivery of a
packet of pulses coded by their length with a maximum number of pulses of
not over 20 in the packet. I
Provision is made for the possibility of deviation of selected individual
pulses in the packet while maintaining the parameters of the remaining
pulses.
- Basic Specifications
Repetition period of code packets of pulses with
internal triggering (regulated), microseconds 20-106
Time interval between code packets, microseconds 1-106
Time shiFt, microseconds, between units in the code
packet 1-10~
Pulse duration in the code packet, microseconds 0.4-5000
Maximum pulse amplitude, V, in the code packet at a
load of 75 Ohms 10
Pulse polarity in the code packet pc.sitive or
negative.
182
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Pulse edge length, ns, in the pscket at an external
load of 75 Ohms, not over 50
Pulse fall-off length, ns, at a load of 75 Ohms, not
over 75
The ::ttenuator at the output of the generator ensures
signal attenuation, dB (in steps every 10 dB) by 50
Error in the establishment of the amplitude of output
pulses at the input of the attenuator, does not
exceed 10
External triggering by a pulsed and sinusoidal sig-
nal with an amplitude, V, of
Power supply of the generator from an alternating
current network:
voltage, V
frequency
harmonic content, �lo
voltage, V
frequency, Hz ............................o....
Power consumed by the generator, V�A
4 Dimensions, crm:
generator
converter
' Weight, kg:
generator
converter
2-25
220�10%
50�1%
5
200�570
400+7%
-3
220
450X380X380
410X375X210
23
17
Test Pulse Generator Sets G5-39, G5-40, G5-41. The generator G5-39 is used
in combination with the generator G5-41 for checking the vertical beam de-
flection channel of osci.tlographs with a frequency band of 0-100 MHz by the
transient characteristics; the generator G5-40 (Figure 14.5) is used in com-
bination with the generator G5-41 (Figure 14.6) for checking the channel of
oscillographs with a frequency band of 0-40 MHz.
The generator set can be used also for checking video amplifiers by the tran-
sient characteristics in the same frequency ranges.
Generators G5-39 and G5-40 are designed as single-unit instruments, and
G5-41 as a two-unit instrument.
Generators G5-39 and G5-40 work in the internaZ triggering mAde. Output
pulses are formed by the test pulse sht-_ping unit which consists of two in-
dependent pulse shaping channels.
183
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Figure 14.5
~
Figure 14.6
The instruments put out synchropulses intende3 for triggering the scanning
unitis of oscillographs being tested. The time shift between the test pulses
and synchronizing piilses creates the delay circuit of the test pulse. Con-
tinuous monitoring of the output putse amplitude is achieved with the aid
of the amplitude measuring unit connected to tne appropriate output stages.
The externa1 attenuator which is included in the set is used for regulating
the test pulse amplitude. The pawer unit converts the network voltage to
direct voltage and alternating voltage for all circiiits of the instrument.
184
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, . -

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The generator G5-41 consists of two identical channels each of which has
circuits corresponding to G5-39 and G5-40.
The G5-39 generator set includes; 1) storage box for the set of spare parts
aiftd auxiliary items; 2) compensation heads (2 items) ; 3) 50-Ohm passage
load; 4) 50-75 Ohm matching transition; 5) 1:10 divider with a low-resis-
tance output; 6) attenuator; 7) electron tubes (7 items) ; 8) incandescent
lamps (2 items); 9) neon lamps (2 items); 10) safety devices (16 items);
11) angle brackets (2 items) ; 12) cables (5 items); 13) technical descrip-
tion and operation manual; 14) manufacturer's rating certificate.
The G5-40 generator set includes: 1) storage box for the set of spare parts
and auxiliary items; 2) compensation heads (2 items) ; 3) 75-Ohm coaxial
passage load; 4) 75-50 Ohm matching transition; 5) 1;10 divider with a low-
resistance output; 6) attenuator; 7) cables (S items); 8) electron tubes
(7 items); 9) incandescent lamps (2 items); 10) neon lamps (2 items); 11)
safety devices (16 items) ; 12) angle brackets (for mounting in the bay) (2
items); 13) technical description; 14) manufacturer's rating certificate.
The G5-41 generator set includes: 1) storage box with working and auxiliary
equipment; 2) cables (9 items); 3) 100-75 Ohm transition; 4) 1:10 dividers
(2 items); 5) 5 kOhm and 100 Ohm loads (2 items); 6) angle brackets (2
items) ; 7) electron tubes (4 items) ; 8) incaiidescent lamps (2 items) ; 9)
neon lamps (2 items) ; 1-0) safety devices (10 items) ; 11) compensation head;
- 12) technical operation description; 13) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specification
Generator G5-39
At an external matched load of 50 Ohms, the in-
striiment puts out test pulses of positive and nega-
. tive polarity.
-A
Edge length of the test pulse, ns, does not ex�
ceed 1.2
Fall-off length, ns 10
Test pulse length at a 0.5 amplitude level, ns, not
less than 300
Overshoot at the peak, from the pulse amplitude,
does not exceed 2
Incline af the flat part of the peak, from the
pulse amplitude, not over 3
Amplitude of test pulses, V, at an external match-
ing load of 50 Ohms, not lesa than 50
iss
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Error, with which the amplitude is monitored,
~ not over
+10
Repetition frequency of test pulses, kHz
1;3;5;10
Frequency adjustment error, 7e, not over
�10
Provision is made for delivering a single pulse. Parameters of
synchropulses are of both polarities:
pulse length, microseconds
0.340.1
edge length, not over
30
Amplitude, V, at a load of 500 Ohms, not less than.
20
Smooth amplitude adjustment, in % of the maximum
_
value
10-100
Synchropulse lead in relation to the test pulse is
regulated continuously and in steps within the
limits of, ns
0-300
- Short-term lead instability, ns, during 0.1 sec does
not exceed 0.3
Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V 220�10%
frequency, Hz 5041%
harmonic content, % .....................o..... 5
Power consumption, V�A 450
Dimensions, mm 480X318X435
Weight, kg 35
Generator G5-40
Test pulses are obtained from the external matched load of
75 hms.
Edge length, ns, does not exceed 3
Fall-off length, ns 20
Duration at a 0.5 amplitude level, microsecond, not
less than 1
Overshoot at the peak, from the pulse amplitude,
does not exceed 2
186
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Nonuniformity of the flat part of the peak to the
point of 90% of its duration, from the pulse
amplitude, does not exceed 1.5
When a capacitance of up to 40 pF is connected to the
parallel matched load, the overshoot and the nonunifor-
mity of the flat part of the peak do not exceed the
- above values, with the exception of deviation caused by
repeated reflection from the generator input.
Incline of the flat part of the peak, of the
pulse amplitude, does not exceed 3
Amplitude of test pulses at an external matched
load resistance of 75 Ohms, not less than, V...... 100
Amplitude adjustment error, not over �10
Attenuation of the test pulse is achieved with the aid
of an external attenuator and matching transitions in-
cluded in the set. Provision is made for delivering a
a single pulse.
Frequency adjustment error, not over +10
Test pulse repetition frequency, kHz 0.1; 0.3; 3
Parameters of Synchropulses:
Duration, microseconds 0.3+0.1
Edge durat'on, not over 30
Amplitude, V, at a load of 500 Ohms, not less than. 20
Continuous amplitude adjustment, % of the maximum
value 10-100
Synchropulse lead in relation to the test pulse is
regulated continuously and steps within the limits
of, ns 0-500
- Short-term lead instability during 0.1 sec, does
not exceed, ns 0,5
Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V 120�10%
frequency, Hz 50�1%
187
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Power consumption, V�A
Dimensions, mm
Weight, kg
Generator G5-41
450
480X318X435
35
The generator has two independent outputs for signals of test
pulses of positive and negative polarity. Pulses are obtained
from an external load of 75 Ohms and parallel capacitance of
40 pF.
Parameters of Test Pulses of Both Polarities:
Edge duration, ns, not over
Fall-off duration, ns, not over ..............o....
Pulse duration, microseconds, not less than
Overshoot at the peak and nonuniformity of the flat
part of the peak to the point of 90% of its length,
% (of pulse amplitude)
Incline of the flat part of the peak, % of the
_ pulse amplitude, not over
Maximum pulse amplitude, V, at an external load of
100 Ohms, not less than
Amplitude is regulated continuously and in step with
the aid of an internal at.tenuator within the limits
of, dB
- Provision is made for additional attenuation of the
amplitude, dB, with the aid of two external dividers
(by 20 dB :aith each)
Repetition frequency, Hz
Adju,-,tment error, not over
Parameters of Meander-Type Positive Tast Pulses
20
200
10
1
1
100
0-40
40
100; 300; 1000
10
Meander-type pulses are obtained from a load of 15 Ohms and
capacitance of not over 50 pF. The generator generates test
pulses with a repetition frequency of 5 Hz (duration cf 100
ms+10%) and 500 Hz (duration of 1,5 ms+10%) with an error of
not over +10%.
_ 188
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Edge duration, ns, not over 200
Fall-off duration, microseconds, not over 10
Overshoot at the peak, from the pulse amplitude
at its duration of not over 200 ns, does not exceed 5
Peak nonuniformity, % of the pulse amplitude, not
over
1
Incline of the flat part of the peak, 9'0 of the pulse
-
amplitude, not over
1
Maximum drop amplitude, V, not less than
100
Parameters of Synchropulses of Bath Polarities:
Duration, microseconds
1�0.3
Edge duration, ns, not over
100
Amplitude, V, at a load of 1 kOhm with continuous
adjustment within the limits �rom 10 to 10070 of the
maximiun value, not less than
20
Synchropulse lead in relation to pulses I and II is
controlled in steps, microseconds
0-1
Short-term (in 0.1 sec) lead instability, ns, does
not exceed
2
Test pulse outputs of the generator do not permit connection
 to circuits with direct voltage in relation to the body.
Synchronization pulse outputs can be connected to
circuits with direct voltage in relation to the
body, V, not over
100
Output resistance of the jacks "Synchropulses", Ohms,
with extreme right position of the handles "Amplitude"
,
~
not over
120
Output resistance, Ohms (for the jack "main pulse
output");
for pulse I
100�10%
for pulse II, not over
900
- Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V
220�10%
frequency, Hz
50�1%
hsrmonic content, %
5
189
' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- Power consumption, V�A, not over
- Dimensions, mm:
unit generator
power supply unit
box with ZIP [kit of spare parts, tools and
accessories]
500
480X238X435
480X198R435
335X225R95
Weight, kg:
unit gener3tor 17
power supply unit 30
box with ZIP 5
The Single Channel Nanosecond Pulse Generator G5-44 is intended for tuning
and checking high-speed computers and radio engineering devices under lab-
oratory and workshop conditions: it meets the requirements of GOST 9763-67.
The instrument is a single-channel nanosecond pulse generator.
The generator set includes: 1) box with sgare parts; 2) set of connecting
cables; 3} tachnical description and operation manual; 4) manufacturer's
rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Duration of output pulses, ns, (adjusted smoothly
on the basis of the calibration chart) 1-50
Error, not over +(0.05'C 0.5 ns), where T-- es-
tablished length.
Repetition.frequency of output pulses, MHz 0.1-100
Error, nut over 10
Maximum amplitude of the fundamental pulses, V, at
an external matched load of 75 Ohms with a repeti-
tion frequency of not over 80 MHz and a pulse length
of 2 ns 7.5
Output pulse amplitude is adjusted smoothly within
the limits from 70 to 100% of the maximum amplitude
with an adjustment error, 70, of not more than �25
Length of output pulse edge, ns, not over 0.8
Cutoff length, ns, not over 1
The generator has an output of synchropulses with a
frequency equal to the frequency of the main pulses.
- 190
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040340070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- The Two-Channel Nanosecond Pulse Generator G5-45 is intended for tuning and
checking high-speed computers and radio engineering devices.
The generator consists of three structurally and functionally independent
devices: two generators G5-44 and a time shift device.
The instrument set includes: 1) generators'GS-44 (2 items); 2) time shift
device; 3) connecting cables (6 items) ; 4) technical description; 5) manu-
facturer's rating certificate.
Basic S pecifications
The instrumenC has two independent outputs of main pulses
whose parameters are determin ed by the parameters of the
generator G5-44.
Time shift between main pulses of the first and second
channels is controlled with s teps of 5 ns within the
limits of, ns 0-150
Instantaneous instability between pulses of the first
and second channels, ns 1
Dimensions, :rm:
generator G5-44 480X320X175
time shift device 480X120X175
- The generator G5-47 is intended f or studying, tuning, and checking radio
engineering devices. The instrument operates at temperatures from 5 to 40
- degrees C, relative air humidity of up to 95% at 30 degrees C, and atmosphe-
ric pressure of 96 -104 kPa.
The gencrator G5-4' meets the requirements of GOST 9763-67 and GOST 13269-67.
The generator has the following functional assemblies: master osci.llator;
external triggering device; continuous delay device; synchropulse shaping
device; step delay device; pulse length regulation device; p reshaping device
of channel l; shaping line of channel 1; preshaping device of channel 2; in-
verting amplifier; output shaper; pulse shortening circuits of channel 1 and
channel 2; blocking circuits; amplitude meter of main pulses; inverting co-
axial transformer; attenuator; power supply circuit of the instrument.
The generator set includes: 1) cab les (2 items); 21 high-frequency connect-
- ing cables (6 items) ; 3) connecting cord; 4) matching adapter from 75 to 50
Ohms; 5) passage loads of 50 and 75 Ohms; 6) adapters (6 iterns); 7) compen-
sation heads (2 items) ; 8) transit ion plate; 9) conducting w ires (5 items) ;
10) electron tubes (5 items) ; 11) s ignal lamps (2 items); 12) safety devi.ces
(14 items); 13) attentiator; 14) technical description and operation manual;
_ 15) manufacturer's rating certificate.
191
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Basic Specifications
- The generator produces main pulses of positive and negative
polarities at an external matched load of 75 Ohms. Provision
is made for operation on a matched channel of SO Ohms with
the use of a matching adapter included in the set.
Parameters of main pulses:
Duration, ns, (continuously regulated)
Pulse adjustment error, ng, not over .o............
Duration of the edge and falloff of the main pulse,
ns, measured between the 0.1 and 0.9 levels of the
amplitude, not over
Overshoot at the peak of the pulse, its nonunifor-
mity and the inclination of the flat part, % of the
amplitude, not over
Maximum amplitude of the main pulse, V, at an ea-
ternal matched load of 75 Ohms, not less than
Repetition frequency of main pulses, ftz, in the mode
of internal triggering
Frequency adjustment error, not over
In the external triggering mode, the generator is
- triggered with a mechanical (manual) starter by
pulses of both polarities:
~ with an amplitude, V, of
with a length, microseconds, of
with a repetition Lrequency, kHz, of
3-100
+(O.1 L + 1)
1.8 and 3
5
50
20=-200�103
�(0.1 f + 4 Hz)
0.5-20
0,1-10
un to 200
by a sinusoidal signal:
with an amplitude, V, of 3-20
with a frequency, Hz, of ............o......... 500=-200�103
with an amplitude, V, of 10-20
with a frequency, Hz, of 50-500
~ Parameters of synchropulses of both polarities (pulses are ob-
tained from a load with a resistance of 500 Ohms and a parallel
capacitance of not over 50 pF):
- Duration, microseconds, not lESS than 0.1
Amplitude, V, not less than 20
192
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
(regulated continuously from 100 to lfl% of the maxi-
mum value)
Edge duration, ns, not over 30
Delay of the main pulse Td in relation to the synchro-
pulse is regulated:
continuously in the subrange, ns 0-100
in steps within the limits, microsecotids 0-1
Delay adjustment error, does not exceed �(XTd+10 ns)
- Power supply from an alternating current network:
voltage, V 220�10%
frequency, Hz 50�17.
Power consumption, V�A
Dimensions, mm:
generator
attenuator
Weight, kg:
generator
attenuator
220
490X215X475
255X172X191
21
6
Generator G5-48. This generator of nanosecond pulses with a high repeti-
tion frequency (Figure 14.7) is irtended for studying, tuning, and checking
radio engineering devices operating under laboratory and workshop conditions.
Moreover, the generator can be used in studying high-speed electronic com-
puters.
Figure 14.7
19,
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFF'ICIAL 'JSE ONLY
The generator includes the following uni.ts: unit of internal and single trig-
gering (master oscillator); external triggering unit; preshaping unit; syn--
chronization unit; delay unit of the main pulse in relation to the synchro-
pulse; pulse length formation unit; shaping amplifiers of positive and nega-
- tive pulses; output pulse amplitude adjustment unit; power supply unit.
The internal triggering circuit produces triggering pulses in the frequency
range from 1 kHz to 20 MHz. The external triggering circuit produces pulses
for triggering the preshaping and spnchronization circuits.
The synchronization circuit produces pulses with a frequency equal to the
- repetition frequency of the meander-type main pulses. Having used scaling
units, these pulses can be used for obtaining synchropulses tying them to
*_he main sequence, as well as for triggering generators in unitizing into
multichannet systems.
The generator set includes: 1) attenuators (5 items); 2) SO Ohm loads (2
items); 3) coaxial adapters (6 items); 4) coaxial adapter from 50 to 75 Ohms;
S) sets of connecting cables (6 items); 6) corinecting cord; 7) safety de-
vices (24 items); 8) signal lamps (2 items); 9) alligator clips (3 items);
10) storage box for ZIP; 11) technical descr:iption and operation manual;
12) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
The generator generates pulses of positive and negative
polarities at an exter:lal matched load of 50 Ohms. The
overshoot, nonuniformity of the peak, and nonuniformity
in the interval between pulses is not over 10% of the
pulse amplitude at an external matched load of 50 Ohms
during continuous a.mplitude adjustment within the limits
of (0.7=1.0) IImax�
Duration of main pulses (regulated continuously,in
steps) microseconds 5�10"3; 250
- Error in the adjustment of main pulses, not over... +(10% + 2 ns)
Additional duration error, ns, caused by temperature
changes per each 10 degrees C,does not exceed �(3.5% +.l)
Edge and falloff lengths of main pulses, ns, between
the 0.1 and 0.9 amplitude levels at an external
matched load of 50 Ohms are, respectively, not over 1.5 and 6
Maximum amplitude of main pulses, V, at an exter-
nal matched load of 50 Ohms, not less than 10
Main pulse amplitude, % from tlie maximum amplitude
is regulated continuously within the limits of 100-30
194
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Step-by-step attemiation of the pulse amplitude
- with the aid of the attenuator, dB 3; 6; 10; 20; 40
Fundamental error of amplitude adjustment within the
adjustment levels (0.7 ; 1.0) UmaX, does not ex-
- cee.d ......o..................... 10% + 0.25 V
Pulse repetition frequency, kHz, with internal trig-
gering 1-20�103
Pulse adjustment error, not over 10
In the external triggering mode, the generator is triggered by
pulses of both polarities:
pulse lengtht microseconds 0.01-0.5
amplitude, V 1-5
repetition frequency, MHz ...........o......... 20
by a sinusoidal signal:
frequency, kHz 1-= 20�103
- amplitude, V 1-5
mechanically (with a manual single-action starter).
The external triggering input is an open input, input resis-
tance 75 Ohms, delivery of direct voltage is not permitted.
The delay of pulses in relation to the synchropulse with the
main repetition frequency is regulated continuously and in
steps from 5 ns to 250 microseconds.
Power supply from an alternating current network;
voltage, V
- frequency, Hz
voltage, V
= frequency, Hz
Power consuniption, V�A
Dimensions, mm
Weight, kg

220�10%
50-I-0 . S
220+5%
400+7%
-3%
120
480X160X355
15
The Pulse Generator G5-49 (Figure 14.8) is intended for shaping series of
pulsee with regulated repetition periods of these series, the number of
pulses in a series, as well as the parameters of pulses in the series
(length, duty time amplitude) and can be used for adjusting and testing
radio electronic equipment.
195
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Figure 14.8
These instruments work at ambient air temperatures fram -30 to SO degrees C,
a relative humidity of not over 98% at 40 degraes C, and atmospheric pres-
sure of 101 kPa.
The generator operates on the principle of selecting any prescribed pulse
from a finite sequence of pulses. In the internal triggering mode, the re-
petition period of the series is determined by the timing oscillator which
contains an LC-generator and a frequency divider. Timing pulses arrive at
the triggering pulse shaper which puts out a preparation pulse and a trig-
gering pulse for the series generator.
The pulse series generator which includes a shock-excited LC-generator and
a frequency divider forms a series of pulses with a regulated duty time.
The number of pulses in a series is determiiLed by a selective device which
stops the operation of the series genecator at a prescribed moment. The
series of pulses arrives at the output pulse length shaper and then the
output stage which determines the amplitude"and the edge and falloff lengths
of the output pulses of the generator.
The generator has two modes of operation, the mode of delaying the beginning
of the series in rela_ion to the synchropulse, for which an auxiliary delay
generator and a selecting device are turnec'. on; a mode of selecting a syn-
chropulse coinciding with any pulse of the series. The latter mode is en-
sured by selecting a series of output pulses and s synchropulse from the
same series from the output of the shock-excited generator. Provision is
made for the external electrical periodic triggering of the generator and
single-action mechanical starting.
The instrument set includes: 1) set of accessories and spare parts in a box;
storage box; 3) technical description and operation manual; 4) manufac-
turer's rating certificate; 5) technical record.
196
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Basic Specifications
Pulse length, microseconds
Length adjustment error �(0.1'Cn+ 0.02 microseconds),
where 2 n-- established pulse length.
Pulse amplitude, V, at the output of the gen-
erator (external load of 50 Ohms), not less than...
Repetition period of the series of output pulses,
:nicroseconds, with internal triggering
It is possible to set 352 fixed values.
Error in setting the repetition period of the series
of output pulses, does not exceed 0.1 T(T set
period).
Edge and falloff length of output pulses, micro-
seconds, at an external load of SO Qhms, does not
exceed
Pulse edge and falloff overshoot, as well as the
incline of the flat part, not over
Attenuation of the last pulse in a series in rela-
tion to the first pulse is, %
Number of pulses in a series
Duty time of the series, microseconds
It is possible to set 176 fixed values.
Error in establishing the duty period, does not ex-
ceed +0.1 Tduty(Tduty " established duty period of
the series).
0.05-500
10
1-108
0.05
5
5
1-104
1-104
Frequency of the pulse voltage of external triggering,
MHz up to 1
Frequency of sinusoidal voltage, Hz
Delay of the series of output pulses, microseconds,
in relation to the synchropulse (changes discretely
every one microsecond),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Delay adjustment error, does not exceed +(0.05 Td
+ 0.1 Tdelay + 0.05 microsecond) where Td estab-
lished delay of the series.
197
FOR OFFICIAL USF. ONLY
20 1�106
0-104
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Power supply of the generatar from alternating
- current networks:
voltage, V 220�1Oqo
frequency, Hz 50�1%
_ voltage, V 290+5%
frequency, Hz 400�3%
Power consumption, V�A 150
- Dimensions, mm 480X280X475
Weight, kg 32
The Modulation Pulse Generator G5-50 (Figure 14.9) is intended for studying,
- tuning, and checking radio engineering devices at the time of their devel-
opment, manufacturing, and operation.
Figure 14,9
These instruments work at ambient temperatures from -30 to 50 degrees C and
a relative humidity of up to 9870. The generator generates: square video
pulses of switchable polarity with regulated length amplitude, and repeti-
tion frequency; sawtooth signals with regulated frequency and amplitude;
synchropulses of positive polarity with regulated amplitude.
Provision is made for regulated time shifts of output pulses in relation to
synchopulses. Provisions are also made for external triggering by pulsed
_ and sinusoidal signals, a9 well as for single-action manual triggering (with
a button).
Tbe instrument is designed as a standard bench (portable) unit in which func-
tional assemblies and devices are arranged on dismountable printed circuit
plates.
198
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070006-5

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- The generator set includes: 1)connecting cables (6 items); 2) connecting
network cord; 3) 50-Ohm and 500-Ohm loads (2 items); 4) adapters (2 items);
5) compensation heads (2 items); 6) extension plates (2 items); 7) signal
lamp; 8) electron tube; 9) safety devices (8 items); 10) laboratory clamps
(12 iteme); 11) technical description and operation manual; 12) technical
record.
Basic Specifications
Parameters of Output Pulses;
Duration, microseconds (regulated continuously,in
steps) 0.05-500
Adjustment error -L(0.1 2+ 20 ns), where 'C ad-
justed pulse length.
Repetition frequency with internal triggering, kHz
(regulated continuously,,in steps) 0.01-30
Relative error of frequency adjustment, 10
Parameters of the Synchropulse:
Duration, microsecond 0.5
Amplitude, V(regulated continuously at an external
load of 1 kOhm) 1-10
Power supply from an alternating current nezwork:
voltage, V 115 and 220�5%
frequency, Hz 400
Pawer consumption, V�A 150
Dimensions, mm 490X1763C355
_ Weight, kg 15
The Pulse Generator G5-54 is intended for studying, adjustment, and tuning
radio engineering devices in various branches of the national economy and
in scientific studies.
The instrument works a;: ambient air temperatures from 10 to 35 degrees C and
relative humidity of up to 80% at 20 degrees C, and an atmospheric pressure
of 96-104 kPa.
The master oscillator puts out timing pulses (it is possible to regulate the
repetition frequency continuously in steps) which arrive at the shaping
199
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
circuit of synchrvnization pulses and the delay circuit of main pulses.
The delay circuit puts out pulses with regulated delay, as well as ensures
the zero delay mode of the main synchrunization pulse. Pulses from the de-
lay circuit arrive at the pulse length formation circuit, and then at the
Circuit of output shaping and regulation of the pulse amplitude.
The pulse generatcr is designed as a sma11 bench-type instrument in a stan-
dardized housing.
The generator set includes: 1) storage box for ZIP containing four cables,
a 500-Ohm load, and a connecting cord; 2) technical description and record.
Basic Specifications
Duration of main output pulses, microseconds 0.1-1000
Maximum pulse amplitude, V, not less than 50
Edge and cutoff length, ns, respectively, 50 and 100
Repetition frequency, kHz 0.01-100
Main pulse delay range, microseconds (regulated con-
tinuously in steps) 0-1000
Instrument`s accuracy class 1.0
Dimensions, mm 366X183X245
The Signal Time Shift Sources I1-5 (Figure 14.10) are six-channel generators
of shifted pulses which are intended for triggering measuring instruments in
a prescribed sEquence. These instruments can be used in radio measuring
techniques, phy-sics, etc under laboratory conditions and nneet the require-
- ments of GOST 9,'63-67.
This instrument is a set consisting of three identical delay units and an
amplification unit.
Each delay unit has one reference pulse channel and two delay puLse channels
witi independent adjustment of the delay time for each channel. In the am-
plification unit, three appropriate signals are formed from each reference
and delayed pulse.
Each unit has an independent power supply. Each delay unit can be used in-
dependently as a source of time-shifted pulses.
There are three types of triggering: external, single-action, and internal.
200
FOR OFFICIAL U5E ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Figure 14.10
The external triggering signal formed in the amplification unit arrives
simultaneously for triggering all three delay uni.ts. Single-action trigger-
ing can be achieved either with a button or from an external signal. Inter-
nal triggering at a frequency of 25 Hz synchronized with the power supply
network is accomplished from the mast2r oscillator located in the amplifica-
tion unit.
The deZaying is based on the principle of division of frequency of 10 MHz on
meters with a variable division factor.
The instrument set includes: 1) delay unit with a working set of plates
(3 items); 2) amplification unit with a working set of plates; 3) storage
box viith a set of auxiliary items and spare parts; 4) technical description
and operation manual; 5) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Adjustment range of the time shift of delayed pulses in relation
to reference pulses from 10'8 to 0.99999999 sec.
Error in *_ime shift adjustment does not exceed �(0.001 Td + 20 ns),
where Td delay time.
Delay of the reference pulse, microseconds, in re-
lation to the input triggering pulse does not ex-
ceed 5
201
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P'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Parameters of Reference and Delayed Pulses:
Polarity, microseconds, not less than 1
Edge lengtti, ns, not over 200
Amplitude, V, not less than 50
Parameters of External Triggering Pulse:
Polarity
positive
Repetition frequency, Hz, not over
SO
Length, microsecond, not less than
1
Edge length, ns, not over
200
AmPlirude, V
50-100
Triggering input resistance, Ohms
75�10%
Power consumed from the power supply network, V�A,
130
Dimensions, mm:
delay unit
480X120X375
amplification unit
480X120X475
entire instrument
480X480X475
Weight, kg:
delay unit
10
amplification unit
14
entire instrument
44
The Voltage Drop Generator and Microwave Synchronizer YaChS-20A are used for
synchronizing stroboscopic oscillographs at a high (up to 6
GHz) repetition
frequency of signals being studied; for checking transient
characteristics
of stroboscopic oscillographs and other broadband devices w
ith the aid of
the voltage drop created by them.
The instrument is intended for operation under laboratory and workshop con-
ditions at an ambient air temperature of +(5-40) degrees C,
relative humid-
ity of up to 95% at 30 degrees C, network voltage of 220 V�
10% at an atmo-
spheric pressure of 96-104 kPa. The instrument can be used
as a generator
of the main pulse when a stroboscopic oscillograph works in
the system of a
reflectometer.
The YaChS-20A instrument consists of a power supply source,
a synchronizer,
and a volrage drop generator in the delay line housed in one casing (Figure
14.11).
202
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300074406-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

- Figure 14.11
The YaChS-20A instrument can work in two modes: as a micrawave synchronizer
and a voltage drop generator.
In the microwave synchronizer mode, the instrument is a relaxation genera-
tor using a tunnel diode 1I308K. The circuit performs the division of the
frequency of the studied signaZ, i.e., forms pulses with a low repetition
frequency of 15+30 MHz synchronous with the input signals, which is neces-
sary for triggering the scanning units of stroboscopic oscillographs. The
synchronization effect is based on the phenomenon of the entrainment of the
frequency of a multivibrator by the frequency of an axternal EDS [electro-
motive force]. Without tuning, synchronization is accomplished not on all
frequencies, but only in the narrow zones "synchronization zones". For
accomplishing synchronization of stroboscopic devices on all frequencies,
the front panel of the instrument has handles of variable resistors "Repe-
tition Frequency, Smooth, Coarse". These handles are used to change the
oscillation frequency of the tunnel diode 1I308K, as a result of which the
synchronizer is tuned. The division coefficient is adjusted with the aid
of the RC-circuit.
When the instrument works in the voltage drop generator mode and a trigger-
ing pulse is delivered to its input, a positive or negative pulse with a
short rise time (0.15 ns) is formed with the aid of high-speed germanium
tunnel diodes.
The presence of pulses with a short rise time makes it possible to check the
rise time and the transition time of the transient characteristics of a stro-
boscopic oscillograph and to determine indirectly the passbanc' of the verti-
cal deflection channel of the oscillograph by the formula fchm0.35/trise,
and the rise time trise can be determined by the formula t VT2 - TZ
rise 1 2
203
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FUR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
� where T1 the measured rise time on the oscillograph screer; T2 rise
time of the pulse from the voltage drop generator.
'The instrument set includes: 1} voltage drop generator and microwave syn-
- chronizer YaChS-20A; 2) combination set: coaxial adapters E2-114/3,
E2-115/3, E2-115/4, T-joint No 1, 50-Ohm load, connecting cord No 10, con-
necting cables (2 items), ZIP, saf ety device VP1-1; 0.5 A, jack, semicon-
ductor diode 1I308k, connecting cable No 9; 3) technical description and
operation manual; 4) technical record.
- Basic Specifications
Instrument in the clicrowave Synchronizer Mode: "Output 5 ns":
1V pulses of positive polarity with a rise time of not over _
5 ns and an ampiitude of not less than 1 V and not over 3 V at
a load of SO Ohms; "Output 0.5 ns": 100 mV pulses of positive
polarity with a rise time of not over 0.5 ns and amplitude of
not less than 100 mV and not over 200 mV at a load of SO Ohms.
Instability of the adjustment of the synchropulses to the sinu-
soidal signal, ns, at a frequency of the sinusoidal signal of
4000 ~Mz and an amplitude of 250 mV must not exceed 30. 'Ahen
symchronizing b7 sinusoidal signals wlth the parameters f=';0
MHz = 6 GHz; U- 50 mV = 2 V, it is permissible to increase
the instability to a value of not over 0.1 ns 4- 0.02 TS, where
_ TS is the period of the sinusoidal signal.
Frequency range o-f signals being synchronized,
w-Iz 30 = 6�103 -
_ Dynamic ran~e of amplitiides of signals, V, delivered
to the inptiC oF trie synchroiiizer 0.05-2
Input resistance o` the synchronizer, Ohms, for
direct c,irreat 47�57.
Instrument in the Voltage Drop Generator Mode. Output pulses
of the voltage drop generator at the "Cutput" jacks can be de-
layed (in relation to the pulses arriving at the jack "Input"
50 Ohms, from 5 ns + 507 to 75 ns + 20% discretely with spac-
int of 5 ns +20%.
Parameter.s of triggering pulses of positive polarity:
amplitude, V, not over 1
rise time, ns, not over 30
amplitude, V, at a load of 50 Ohms 1-7
Output resistance of the voltage drop generator,
Ohms 50�10%
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' Amplitude of output pul.se drop, mV, at a load of
- 50 Ohms, not less than 350
Rise time (t f) of output pulses, ns, between levels
0.1-0.9 on jacks "Output", not over 0.15
- KSV [standing wave ratio] in the frequency range of
0-5 GHz, does not exceed 1.5
Instability of the output pulses of both positive
and negative polarity in relation to the triggering
pulses when the rise time of the triggering pulses
- is 2 ns, or less than 1 V, is not over 20. Average
trouble-free operation of the instrument, hours, is
_ not less than 5000.
- The instrument must be checked periodically not less than once in six months.
Checking must be done at an ambient air temperature of +20 degrees C�5 de-
grees C, an atmospheric pressure of 96-104 kPa, and a relative humidity of
65+15%.
There must be no sharp voltage shocks in the power supply network. There
_ must be no sources of strong magnetic and electric fields near the work
place.
The following parameters are checkad when the instrument works in the voltage
drop generator mode: rise time of the output pulse between the levels o� 0.1-
0.9; amplitude of the output pulse drop; delay of output pulses in relation
to triggering pulses; overshoot at the peak of the output pulse; instability
- of the flat part of the output pulse during the f irst 10 ns; fall-off of
the peak of the output pulse during the first 100 ns; instability of the out-
put pulse in relation to the triggering pulse when the rise time of the trig-
gering pulse is 2 ns or less.
The following parameters are checked when the instrument ;aorks in the micro-
wave synchronizer mode: range of synchronizing frequency; limits of input
amplitudes; input resistance on direct current; rise time and amplitude of
pulses from the output (0.5 ns; lOG mV); repetition frequency range of out-
put pulses; instability value of the adjustment or synchropulses to the sig-
nals being studied; value of the parasitic signal at the input jack.
14.5. Special-Shape Signal Generators
The Special-Shape Signal Generator G6-15 (Figure 14.12) is intended for
studying and testing systems and instruments used in radio electronics, auto-
mation, computer and measuring techniques, geophysics, machine-building, bio-
physics, and medicine.
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Figure 14.12
The generator operates
oscillation system worl
amplifiers closed in a
bilization system. In
degrees in relation to
generator.
in one oi two modes. In the first mode, an automatic
cs in the generator. It consists of three operational
ring, a relay control element, and an amplitude sta-
this mode, sinusoidal sig::als shifted by 180 and 270
the reference signal appear at the two outputs of the
In the second mode, voltages of the rectangular, triangular, and sawtooth
shapes are generated simultaneously. The output part of the generator in
= both modes is the same.
Structurally, the generator consists of three units: control unit, generator
unit, and power supply unit.
The generator set includes: 1) safety devices (3 items); 2) cables (3 items);
3) attachments with clamps (3 items); 4) plate; 5) incandescent lamp; 6)
loads of 1000 Ohms (4 items); 7) low-frequency filter; 8) attachment of com-
pensation measuring circuit; 9) manufacturer's rating certificate.
Basic Specifications
Range of ainusoidal signals, Hz 0.001-1000
Fundamental error of frequency adjustment, does
not exceed �2
Range of output voltages, V 0.01-10
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Fundamental error of output voltage adjustment,
not over �3
Nonuniformity of the amplitude of the output sinusoi-
dal signal in the frequency range, not over �2.5
Harmonic distortion factor, does not exceed 1.5
Parameters of Synchropulses:
Ampl:itude, V, at an external load of 1 kOhm �1%,
not less than 5
Capacitance, pF, not over 150
_ Polarity positive
Duration, microseconds, not over 10
Nonlinearity coefficient of the triangular and saw-
tooth voltages, in the frequency range 0.001-0.1
Hz, does not exceed 2
Edge and cutoff length (each separately), as well
as the duration of the reverse run of sawtooth vol-
tage, microseconds, does not exceed S
Power consumed from the network at a nominal voltage,
V�A 75
instrument dimensions, mm 490X215X475
The Special-Shape Signal Generator G6-22 (Figure 14.13) is intended for tun-
ing and checking scaling, computing, and other high-speed electronic devices.
With respect to its stability to climatic and mechanical influences, the in-
strument meets the requirements of Group II of GOST 9763-67.
- The generator operates on the principle of forming pulse edges of sinusoidal
voltage with the aid of a line using parametric diodes with subsequent shap-
ing of a pulse by the tube circuit of the limiting amplifier.
The; instrument consists of a generator of sinusoidal oscillations, a pulse
G'.taping unit, a synchronization unit, a voltmeter, an attenuator, a power
supply unit, and an inverting transformer.
The generator of sinusoidal oscillations has a two-cycle circuit. It has
five frequency subranges which are switched with a knob. Continuous fre-
quency adjustment of the generator is done with the aid of a capacitor. Power
is drawn from the generator from the pickup coils of the power amplifier.
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Figure 14.13
Sinusoidal oscillations from the output uf the generator are delivered to
the input of the shaping circuit consisting of shaping lines using parame-
- tric diodes and a limiting amplifier.
Formation of a line is an artificial transmission line in which semiconduc-
tor silicone diodes are used as capacitors. The capacitance of their p-n-
junction is the runction of the reverse voltage delivered to the diode.
The line cons ists of 20 cells.
The wave impedance of the line is about 75 Ohms. Positive bias from 0 to
35 V is delivered to the lines which increases as the frequency of the sinu-
- soidal oscillation generator increases.
Sawtooth pulses with an edge of 2.5-3 ns and amplitude of 10-30 V are re-
moved from the output of the line and delivered to the output limiting am-
plifier. Its load is a choke on which bell-sbaped output pulses with a
_ length of less than 5 ns and an amplitude of 15-30 V are isolated. The volt-
meter measures the amplitude of the output pulses isolated on the anode load
_ of the output stage.
The step attenuator has n-shaped ce11s.
Attenuation is adjusted in steps of 6 dB in the range from 5 to 20 dB, A
pulse of positive polarity from the output of the generator is obtained by
the inverting transformer. Structurally, it is a high-frequency coaxial
adapter with a built-in transformer with a taroidal ferrite core.
The generator is a bench-type portable instrument in a case.
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The generator set includes: 1) connecting cords; 2) high-frequency connect-
ing cable; 3) inverting transformer; 4) attenuators (2 items); 5) safety de-
vices (2 i.tems); 6) signal lamps (2 items); 7) manufacturer's rating certi-
ficate.
Basic Specifications
Repetition frequency of outpiit pulses, MHz 10-110
Frequency adjustment error, % �2
Bell-shaped pulse length, ns (0.5 level), not over. 5
Edge length of output pulses, ns, not over 3
Minimum on-off time ratio of output pulses, not over 2
Amplitude of output pulses, V, at a load resistance
of 75 Ohms, not less than (at frequencies of 100 MHz,
it is permissible to lower the amplitude to 12 V) . 15
Amplitude of output signals is adjusted within the
limits, dB:
in steps every 5 dB 20
continuously 5
Error in amplitude adjustment at the input of the attenuator,
- not more than �(0.1 Uadj+0.5 V), where Uadj adjusted ampli-
tude.
Length of sguchronizing pulses, ns 50-200
- Repetition frequency, kHz 5-50
Amplitude, V, not less than 10
At a load of 1000 Ohms and edge length, ns, not
over 80
Self-heating time, minutes 15
Power consumption, V�A, does not exceed 300
Dimensions, mm 496X475R295
Weight, kg 32
The Measuring Generator GI-25 is intended for providing the necessary vol-
- tage of sinusoidal signals when taking measurements in multiplexing systems
- of coaxial cables in the frequency range 0.05-25 MHz.
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The generator can be used in the measuring console of 0.05-25 MHz (IP-10/25)
and the panoramic console of 0.05-25 MHz (PP-25) for operation in conjunc-
tion with a 36-62 MHz sweep generator (GKCh36-62) and can be used in tuning
and operational measurements of wire communication equipment, as well as in
various radio engineering measuzements.
The measuring generator meets the requirements of GOST 9753-67, and, with
respect to operational conditions, belongs to Groiip II of GOST 9763-67 with
the operating temperature range expazded to 40 degrees C.
The generator is based on the principle of the beat-frequency oscillator
(in the analysis circuit); the output voltage ot the generator is the pro-
duct of the conversion of sinusoidal signals with different frequencies.
The instrument includes two high-frequency generators of variable and fixed
(conditionally) frequencies, a pedestal frequency generator, a frequency
converter, filters, and amplifiers.
The variable frequency generator has an automatic system of pulse-phase fre-
quency tuning and makes it possible to adjust the output frequency from 0 to
25 MHz discretely every 200 kHz.
_ The fixed frequency generator has an automatic system of phase frequency
tuning with an interpolation oscillator and ensures smooth frequency cover-
age within the limits of 200 kHz.
The stability and uniformity of the amplitude-frequency characteristic are
ensured by the automatic gain control system (ARU). Smooth adjustment of
- the output level is achieved by changing the reference voltage in the ARU.
Step-by-step adjustment of the output level is accamplished by switching
the attenuation links at the output.
The 0.05-25 MHz measuring generator (GI-25) consists of two devices: a master
oscillator and a 0.05-25 MHz output unit (W-25).
Electrical connection of the GZ and W-25 instruments is accomplished with
coaxial cords with plug and socket units.
Both instruments are sectional units in the "Nadel" frame.
The instrument set includes: 1) master oscillator (GZ); 2) 0.05-25 MHz out-
put unit (W-25); 3) operational documentation, including manufacturer's
rating certificate; 4) spare parts, tools, and accessories; 5) set of spare
parts, instruments and accessories (set of stretchers RKh4.072.081).
basic Specifications
Operating frequency range of the generator, kHz.... 50; 25�103
Fundamental error of frequency adjustment after
calibration, Hz �(2�10'5f+600 Hz)
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Frequency instability due to network voltage fluc-
tuation by �10%
Additional error of frequency adjustment due to tem-
perature changes, after calibration
Fundamental error of output level adjustment, dB,
by the pointer-type instrument:
On the frequency of 1 MHz at the mark "OdB"
by instrument's scale on the frequency of 1 MHz
at the marks:
- 111 dB"
11-4 dB"
11_9 dB"
when frequency changes in relation to the level
set on the frequency of 1 MHz at the mark "OdB "
Maximum voltage level efficiency, dB on a load of
75 Ohms, not less than
Smooth adjustment of the output level, dB, not less
than
Step-by-step adjustment of the output level is en-
_ sured within the limits of 60 dB in steps, dB,
every
:~(2' 10"7f+50 Hz)
�(1�10'5f+300 Hz)
per each 100 C
44).2
+0.2
+0.3
+0.5
-t-0 . 3
1
11
10
Fundamental error, dB, from step-by-step adjustment
of the output level on the frequency of 1 MHz for
output levels:
-10, -20, -30, -40 +0.2
-50, -60 :~0.25
- Changes in the output lavel, dB, depending on the
frequency being set (aC an output voltage level of
0 dB at a load of 75 Ohms) in relation to the fre-
quency of 1 MHz in the frequency ranges:
from 0.005 to 10 MHz +0.3
from 10 to 25 MHz -F4.4
Nonlinear distortion coefficient of the generator,
of the second and third harmonics at the output
level of 0 dB at a load of 75 Ohms in the frequency
ranges:
from 0.05 to 10 MHz 3
from 10 to 25 MHz 5
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' Attenuation of the mismatching of the generator's
output, dB, unbalanced in relation to the earth
with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms at the
output level from -10 to -60 dB in the frequency
ranges:
from 0.05 to 10 MHz 32
from 10 t0 25 MHz 26
At the output level from 0 to -10 dB in the frequency
range:
from 0.05 to 10 MHz 26
from 10 to 25 MHz 23
Pawer consumption, V�A, at a voltage of 242 V, does
not exceed 140
Dimensions of the instrument, mm 540X310X4E0
Weight of the instrument, kg, not over 48
The instrument is checked under the following conditions: ambient air tem-
perature 20�5 degrees C; relative air humidity 65�15%; voltage of the power
supply network 220 V+2% with a frequency of 50 Hz � 2%.
The instrument is checked after self-heating in the course of one hour in
three stages: external examination; determination of inetrological parameters;
preparation of checking report.
The following metrological parameters are determined in checking: fundamen-
tal error of frequency adjustment; fundamental error of output level adjust- _
ment at a frequency of 1 MHz; frequency nonuniformity of the output level;
nonlinear distortion coefficient in the frequency range from 0.05 to 10 MHz.
Checking is done once a year, as well as after repairs of the instrument. ~
Determination of the fundamental error of frequency adjustment is done by
measuring frequency with the aid of a frequency meter (for example, Ch3-38).
Determination of the fundamental error of the output level adjustment and
frequency nonuniformity is done by comparing with a standard voltage source
(Kf < 0.05%). A level meter (for example, of the IU-25-type) ensuring the
measurement of the root-mean-square value of voltage of an arbitrary foJ-m is
used as a comparison indicator. The voltage of the standard source is mea-
sured with rhe aid of a standard voltmeter (for example, of the V3-24-type).
Determination of the fundamental error of step-by-step adjustment of the
output level is done by the substitution method with the use of standard
stretchers, a standard voltmeter (for example, of the V3-24-type) and a se-
lective 1eve1 meter (for example, of the IUI-25-type).
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' The nonlinear distortion coefficient is determined by measuring the harmonic
components with the aid of a selective voltmeter (for example, of the V6-1-
. type) .
s
10,233
CSO: 8144/1554 END
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