JPRS ID: 9130 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200060016-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 99
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 16
• Content Type: REPORTS

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, ~ ~
i4 MARCH i988 CFOUO 1r88) i OF 2
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JPRS L/8975
14 March 1980
U SS R Re ort
p
CONSTR~ICTION AND EQUIPMENT -
(FOUO 1 /80) ~
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST I~JFORMA~'ION SERVICE
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JPRS L/8975
14 March 1980
USSR REPQRT
CONSTRUCTION AND E~UIPMENT
(FOUO 1/80)
CdNTENTS PAGE
CONSTRUCTION
Problems in the Planning and Stimulation o~ t;apital
Construction
(T. Khachaturov; VOPROSY EKONOr~KI, No 12, 1979)..,.. 1
METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
Optimizing Automated Machine-Tool Sections
(M. Kh. Blekherman; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, No 5,
1979) 12 `
- Standardized Subassemblies of Machine Tools
(L. S. Bron; STANKI I INSTRUMIsNT, No 5, 1979)........ 20
New Line of Spindle Boxes Elaborated
(G. I. Gorelik, et al.; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, No 5,
1979) 27
Power and Rotary Index Tables With Hydraulic Drive
(V. B. Genin, Zh. E, Tartakovskiy; STANKI I
INSTRUMENT, No 5, 1979) 35
Power Tables With Electromechanical Feeder Drive
(R. G. Chaadayev, G. I. Gorelik; STAbTKI I
INSTRUMENT, No 5, 1979) 45
Multi-Spindle Boxes of Unified Series UNYe-3100
(V. M. Lobusev, et al.; STANKI I INSiRUMENT,
- No 5, 1979) 51
' a - [IYI - USSR - 36a FOUO)
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page
History of Five-Year Plans for Machine Tool and Tool
Building
_ (STANKI I INSTRUMENT, Jun 79) 58 ~
Angular Coordina~te Gauge for Digitally-Programmed
Machine Tools
(G. A. Lebedev, et al.; STANKI I INSTRUMENT,
Jun 79) 66 _
s ~xhibit of Specialized Machine Tools From Socialist
Countries
(0. I. Aver'yanov; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, Jun 79)...... 72
East German Articles on New Machine Tools
(STANKI I INSTRUMENT, N~v 79) 79
Digital Program Machine Tools, by P. Sachowitz,
W. Pabst
Digital Program Control Lathe, by K. Schnaubelr.auch
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CONSTRUCTION
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING AND STIMULATION OF CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION
Moscoca VOPROSY EK~NOMIKI in Russian No 12, 1979 pp 3-11
[Article by Academician T. Khachaturov]
[Textl The decree of the CPSU Central Committee and IJSSR Council of Ministers
' "On Improvi~ig Planning and Tntensifying the Impact of the Economic Mechanism
on Increasing the Effectiveness of Production and Improving the Quality of
~ the Work" contains a system of ineasures for the improvement of planning,
capital construction and cost accounting. These measures arQ an outgrowth
, of the stage of developed socialism in which the volume of production is
� significantly increased, its technological level becomes more complex, and
the interdependence of various branches and enterprises is enhanced. All
this makes new and higher demands on the management of the national economy,
on the improvement of the economic mechanism, on planning, and on cost
' accounting. _
~ With each passing year, higher demands are made on capital construction, the
effectiveness of which determines the growth of production potential arid
prospects for the development of the country's economy. The decree assigns
a significant place to the improvement of capital construction. Particularly
important is the fact that the decree views such improvement as part of the
interconnected system of inea~ures encompassing planning, construction and
cost accounting and envisaging the implementation of uniform principles: -
higher effectiveness and quality, orientation toward five-year periods and
longer periods, pr~portionality in economic growth, increased interest and
responsibility of managers and performers for the attainment of high end ~
results
The decree defines the periodicity and procedure for compiling long-range
and one-year Nlans of our country's economic and social development. The
~ USSR Academy of Sciences, the State Committee for Science and Technology and
The USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs are instructed to draft
a 20-year comprehensive program of scientific and technical progress adjusted
_ for five-year periods every five years. This ensures the continuity of
planning. The USSR State Planning Committee together with USSR ministries ~
and departments and the councils of ministers of union republics are charged ,
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with the responsibility of drafting the Basic Directions of Socioeconomic
Development of the USSR for 10 Years by Five-Year Periods based on long-range
socioeconomic tasks articulated by the party and the Comprehensive Pro~ram
for Scientific and Technical Progress. The decree also makes provision for
er,suring the continuity of planning by making amendments in the Basic
~ Directions every five years. Accordingly, the USSR State Planning Committee
- will elaborate control figures for the forthcoming five-year plan, broken
. down by year, and will convey them to ministries and departments of the USSR,
to councils of ministers of union republics and beyond to ass~riations,
enterprises and or~~nizations that must draft five-year plans with due re~~3rd
~ to counter-plans and social competition c~mmitments. The USSR State Planning
Committee uses these draft plans to draft a balanced state five-year plan.
Thus the decree clearly defines the system of national economic planning;
for the first time establishes planning horizons for 2Q, 10., 5 years and for
~ one year; formulates particular features of the plans for these periods; and ~
defines the procedure for drafting these plans. Five-year plans compiled
on the basis of a system of scientifically substantiated technico-economic
norms become the principal form of planning of economic and social develop-
ment.
The planning of construction and the enhancemen,t of the effectiveness of
capital investments occupy an important place in the system of planning of
the economic and social development of the USSR. The role of capital con-
struction in the development of the socialist economy is exceedingly great.
The country's national wealth (not counting land and timber~ is presently
evaluated at more than two trillion rubles. The value of USSR fixed capital
is in excess of 1.5 trillion rubles. This vast wealth was created by the -
labor of the Soviet ~eople. The overall volume of capital investments
in the Ninth Five-Year P1an and in four years of the Tenth Five-Year Plan
alone amounted to almost one trillion rubles. Considering the fact that
the national economy's fixed capital is roughly 30 times greater than in the
initial years following the revolution, it is obvious that most of the
~ Sov~.et people's possessions were created and accumulated during the years
of Soviet power. Morcover, this is not passive property but is production
potential, i. e., is the prerequisite and basis of the further growth of -
production and of the entire economy as a whole.
But trie results of capital investments could be still greater. Analysis and
calculations show that shortcomings in capital construction have impeded
its devzlopment and have been the reason for the incomplete return on the
vast sums invested in it. These shor~:comings have been repeatedly pointed
out at pargy ccngresses and at plenums of the CPSU Central Committee.
At the October (1976) Plenum of the C1'SU Central Committee, L. I. Brezhnev,
focusing attention on several key problems, stated that "capital construction
is one such problem and possibly the central problem... The orientation
of the five-year plan is toward Lowering the volume of incomplete construction,
towar'd reducing the time and cost of construction and installation work,
and toward the more rapid reconstruction of existing capacities." In a speech
, 2
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at th~ November (1978) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, L. I. Brezhnev
criticized the situation in capital eonstruction. "We have not yet succeeded
in halting the process of scattering capital investments over numerous con-
struction projects. The volume of incomp.tete construction is on the rise.
[1nin.~talled equi~ment costin~; several hilli~ns of rubl.es lies idle in tt~c
warehouse. This point has been discussed i~ore than once. }3ut it is not
evident that the USSR State Planning Committee, clients, and builders feel
a sense of responsibility for freezing capital investments, equipment and
materials."
The share of incomplete construction has systematically increased in recent
years. Vis-a-vis the annual volume of capital investment, it increased from
69 percent in 1965 to 75 percent in 1975 and 85 percent in 1978. The volume
~ of incomplete construction is particularly grsat in the case of productive -
projects. Thus, in the power industry in 1978 it ~ras 127 percent of the -
annual volume of capital investment; in the coal industry 140 percent; in
ferrous metallurgy 131 percent; and in chemistry and petrochemistry 173
percent. `
The excessive volume of incomplete capital construction immobilizes almost
two times more resources than are required for the activation of a year's
projects. The construction time of various projects is normed according to
type and capacity. These norms cannot be callf:d understated: they frequently
significantly exceed the actual construction time of analagous projects in
the USA and Japan. However, analysis of the data on numerous completed
projects shows that only a few of them have been put into operation on
~ schedule, while the majority of them were~ activated with a greater or lesser
lag time.
The disrsption of the schedule for the ac:tivation of new capacities not only
lowers thc effectivenes:~ of the construci:ion process proper, but also has
~3 negative impact on the economy as a whale. After all, the output that is
supposed to be forthcoming from newly activated capacities is distributed
beforehand in supply plans and capital is allocated for it; the shortfall
in output from non-activated capacities complicates the normal operation of -
the capital-holding enterprise and frustrates their plans, which is reflected
in the economic activity of client enterprises.
One of the major reasons for the delay in construction time is the scattering
of capital investments among an excessively large number of construction
projects. The party and the government have repeatedly indicated the need
to halt the scattering of capital and to concentrate capital investments
primarily on decisive, priority projects. Measures have been repeatedly
taken to review and reduce the number of construction projects. However, the
proper results are not obtained when nonreturnable state budget financing is
the source of the capital investments and when the proper stability of the
plans is not attained. Clients see their goal to lie in proving the need
to include the projects they need in the plan. They use various, sometimes
improper approaches to this end. For example, the estimated cost of proposed
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- pr~jects is understated whereas the actual overrun is latFr discovercrd to
be 1.5-2 times or even higher. New projects are includerl in th~ tit1~ list
under the pretext that the necessary vol~ime of production would be impossible
without them. New construction, not li.sted in the plan as such, is sometimes
carried out under the guise of reconstruction.
In order to halt the scattering of capital investments, the CPSU Central
Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers have directed the USSR State
Planning Committee, USSR ministries and departments, and councils of ministers
of union republics to elaborate measures to accelerate the activation of
production capacities at construction projects alr~ady in progress and to
bring about a sharp reduction in the number of new construction projects so
as to brir.d the volume of incomplete construction down to the established
norms ir. the next few years.
The decree's pronouncement on increasing the importance of the five-year plan
and on ensuring its stability is very important. Considering the duration of
production time, this pronouncempnt plays a special part where capital con-
struction is concerned. The stability of the five-year plan permits the
- confident planning of the work of const~~uction organization with an eye to
commissioning the project on or ahead of schedule and the planning of the
work of the customers for new products, for whom the time of receipt will
be thoroughly realistic. Naturally the stability of the five-year plan of
capital construction with targets bxoken down lay year presupposes the
elimination or at any rate the maximum reduction of all manner of corrections -
ahd revisions that undermine the stability and efficacy of the plans.
The stable fi~e-year ~lan must be balanced with resources of materials, tech-
nological and power generating equipment, with labor and financial resources,
and with the capacities of construction and installation organizations. To
date, insufficient proportionality has been one of the reasons for prolonging -
construction time and fo.. increasing construction costs.
The untimely supply of construction materials and components, the incomplete
delivery of equipment "piecemeal," and the occasionally poor quality of
- equipment greatly hinder the work of builders, disrupt its planned character,
and decelerate the activation of completed construction projects, Interrup-
~ tions in the delivery of materi.als sometimes compel builders to use more
expens.ive and higher quality materials metal, cement, slabs where lower
quality materials could be used a.nd vice versa. All this leads to the over-
expenditure of materials. Incomplete deliveries, the low quality and shortage
of materials and equipment cause idle time and extend construction time and
the time of installation, debugging and development of capacities. Interrup-
tions in the supplying of construction are also reflected in the wages of
construction workers and necessitate their tx~ansfer to other construction
projects thereby disrupting the fulfillment of the plan still further.
The "Sasic Directions of Development of the USSR National Economy Hetween
_ 1976 and 1g80" adopted by the Twenty-fifth Congress of the CPSU call for
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raisinp, the role and responsibility of enterprises of machine building
rninistries in se;curing complete deliveries, of the install.er, and in
bringin~; the equipment manufactured by them up to rated capacity. These
tasks also confront organizations in the material-technical supply system.
'Che new decree indicates ~ higher measure o:E~ responsibility on the part of
suppliers for the nonfulfillment of delivery plans, which will be taken into
account in the evaluation of their economic performance. Sanctions must be
invoked for the violation of delivery contracts. In order to facilitate
the delivery of complete equipment packages, the decree envisages the use
of credit: bank credit is offered to the general supplier of equipment
~ prior to the expiration of the planned date for completing the delivery of
the entire equipment package or for its installation. When the planned
peri~d expires, the crediting continues but higher interest is charged for
the use of the loan.
~ Lag in construction work and interruptions in the delive~~y and installation
of equipment packages result in the formation of large equipment inventories
in the warehouses. At the same time, millions of square meters of production
space are vacant. The implementation of ineasures indicated in the decree
will make it possible to eliminate these disproportions.
The coordination of the construction volume planned for every construction
organization with its capacities is an important condition to striking a
balance. To this end, it is necessary first and foremost to determine the
capacities of each construction org~nization. The decree envisages the
compilation of 'passports' for each production association or enterprise in
1979 and 1980 and their subsequent updating. The passports must contain
data on the availability and use of production capacities, on the organiz-
ational and technical level and other technico-economic indicators required
for drafting five-year and one-year plans. Such passports on construction
organizations will provide the complete picture of the capacity of each of
them.
Accordingly, it is essential to plan the work volume for a five-year and one,
year period based on the decree's pronouncement that plans must be compiled
on the basis of economic and engineering calculations. At the same time,
we must not permit the establish.ment of plan targets for subordinate con-
struction organizations solely on the basis of the existing dynamics of the
corresponding indicators, i. e., on the basis of the "status quo."
The decree's pronouncement that existing production and new cotistruction must
be planned as a single whole holda great significance for securing the
proportionality of capital construction plans. In this regard, the five-year
plans will allocate capital investments for the development of branc,'~es of
material production to perform the planned volume of production and services.
This ensures the creation of new capacities in branch.es of material production
in a volume necessary for the solution of problems posed in the five year
plans and envisages an increase in th.e volume of production in particular
in accordance with the requirements of construction proper.
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The decree obligates USSR ministries and agencies and councils of ministers
of union republics to draw up balances and make calculations of the use of
production capacities and fixed capital ,ss part of the drafts of five-year
; plans 3nd also to draw up summary plans of r.econstruction ~~nd technic~~.l
rr.l-oolin~* ~C exi:;~iny~, ~~nterprises inter ,ili,3 ,3t the ~~x~~enr,~~ ~f I:h~~ ~~rucJiu�I.ic~n
~1eve.l.oPment Eund. The compilation of sur.h balances will m~lkr~ LC 1~UJJ1.~~~ to
elicit reserves of production capacities and to provide a technico-economic _
substantiation of the reconstruction of existing enterprises for which there
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; is a real need.
,
The use of the production development fund for the reconstruction of entci~-
prises was rrequently impeded by this fund's lack of the appropriate material
resources and the lack of the necessary capacities. Now, according to the
decree, the plans must give top priority to the allocation of material
resources and equipment to associa~ions and enterprises for reconstructiun
and technical retooling and must also assign limits to capital investments,
to construction-installation and contractcr-performed work. This ensures
the use of the development fund for the needs of capital construction in
the interest of reconstruction and technical retooli,ng and will thereby
bring one of the economic incentives for increasing the effectiveness of �
production into play.
The existence of balances of production capacities and plans for the
rr:~constrtiction oF existi.n~; enterprises F~rovides a re~31 opPortunity for ~
placing new construction in a fz~amework corresponding to the real. needs of ~
the national economy. The decrea envisages the allocation of funds for
the construction of new enterprises anci for the expansion of existing enter-
prises only if the requirement for given output cannot be provided through
- the reconstruction and technical retooling of existing enterprises. This
will make it possible to limit new construction that is extensive, to
concentrate capital investments on a lesser number of projects, to place
major emphasis on the usE of new equipment, on increasing the effectiveness
of production, and on its intensification.
The decree charges the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs with
, responsibility for pursuing a unified technical policy in construction, for
' improving planning estimates, for improving the quality of project-planning,
for preparing measures to reduce construction costs, for improving city
planning norms, and for improving the architectural appearaiice of population
centers.
The USSR State Planning Committee will ratify five-year plans for project-
� planning and surveying operations and the performers of these operations.
In order to attain greater maneuverability, the plans and estimates will be
only for the first st a ge of an enterprise when constriiction takes longer
than two years. But the project will be based on the master plan of
development of the enterprise. Subsequent stages will be designed con-
currently with the construction of the first stage.
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The new system of indicators for evaluating the work of constxuction workexs
is of p,~reat importance. Up until now, their work has been evaluated on the
basis of the fulfillment of the capital investment plan, i. e., essentially
on the basis of the expenditure of capital. This has determined the size
of thc wa~e fund and the m3terial incentive fund. Capital investmenl- ~~lans
wcre ~ulf'illed, resourc:es were "assimilated," but th~ ~zctivati.on [oC r.~~ipac-
ities] lagged significantly behind the plan (by 20-30 or more percent for
certain branches). The orientation toward gross indicators has led to an
increase in the interest of construction organizations in the use of costlier
materials and com;~onents and in their red~stribution, to the division of
projects into "profitable" and "unprofitable" projects, and fin~lly to a.tl.
manner of exaggeration of report data.
The decree specifies a list of indicators that are ratified in the five-year
and one-year plans assigned to construction ministries and construction-
installation organizations. The principal indicator among them is the a~tiv-
ation of production capacities and projects, i. e., the final product of
construction. The list of indicators also inclu3es: the volume of comme~cial
construction output with a breakdown of general volume by client; the growth
of labor productivity; the maximum number of workers and employees; profit
(for individual organizations reduction of the prime cost of construction
and installation work); targets for the in~troduction of new technology; and
the volume of delivery of materials, machinery, mechanisms, and other
resources required for the fulfillment of the plan.
The evaluation of the economic activity of construction and installation
organizations and their economic stimulation will be based on the results of
_ the fulfillment of targets, on the activation of production capacities and
projects, on the volume of commercial output of the construction industry, and
on the growth of the productivity of labor arid profit. This creates new
sti~nuli in the work of construction and installation organizations and leads
to the abandonment of the orientation toward the "assimilation of capital"
and the notorious "gross." The most important indicator is the commissioning
of completed projects. At the same time, the fewer material resources and
the less manpower expended, the ~reater wil.l the profit of an organization be. ~
Thus, the higher the evaluation of ifis performance, the higher will the ,
ecor~omic incentive funds be. !
_ The introduction of the new system of evaluati~n calls for the.transition ;
to the practice of settl~ng accounts between clients and contractors for ~
entirely completed enterp~~ises, fer individual complexes, for capacities ~
ready to produce goods and render services on the basis of the estimated cost -
of commercial c~nstruction output already in the yEar 1969. Such a procedure ~
is analagous to the payment procedure used in industry and in other branches '
of material production (where money is paid after the product is produced i_
and received) and stimulates the speediest conclusion of construation ~
projects. Advance payments by clients to contractors for the purpose of ~
defraying the expenses of the latter are forbidden until the project is ~
completed. These expenses are defrayec~ by bank credits pending the deadline
for commissioning a given construction projec~ from the clients' disposable ~
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funds. Subsequent credit is granted if necessary, but at a higher interest
rate. This will encourage the r_ommissionin~ of projects on schediile or ahead
oF sche~iile. It is ~roPosc~ci that accounts betw~en clients and project-pl~~n-
ning ancl survey.in~; organizations be settled in .similar f~~shior~. Paymcnl- is
made for projects that are entirely completed and accepted by the cl.ient:
~ the expenses of project-planning organization prior to the commissionin~; of
completed projects are defrayed by their working capital and by bank credit
also on the basis of the clients' disposable funds in connection with thn
settlement of accounts withost intermediate payments. Al1 this will have
a stimulafiing influence on project-planning organizations and will compel them
t~ completP project plans of higher quality oii schedule.
- Credit will a~~o play a greater part in connection witn the fact that the
decree envisages the expedience for individual branches to finance construc- ~
tion projects from credit granted by the USSR All-Union Bank for Financing
Capital Investments [Stroybank SSSR] to construction and installation contrac-
tors in the full sum of construction costs in accordance with the estimate
accepted by the contractor and the agreement to turn the project over to the
client in completely ready-to-use form.
At the present time it is essential t~ enhance the role of long-term credits
in the financin~ of capital construction at least, to double its share
in the next few years. The use of credit increases the responsibility of
both contractors and clients. Unlike budget financing, credit must be repaid.
When credit is used, it is necessary to substantiate the expedience of
expenditures and to secure their effectiveness.
In order to ensure the lack of interruption in capital construction plans
and to increase th e responsibility of clients and contractors for the ~
activation of capacities and projects on schedule, the decree envisages
the elaboration and ratification of lists of enterprises undergoing
reconstruction or slated for reconstiruction in five-year plans and the
compilation of title lists of construction projects. They must become
a stable planning document that is binding for clients and contractors;
for pla~ning, finance, bank and supply agencies; for suppliers of equipment
and components not only for a year but for the entir.e period of construction.
The one-year capital construction plans will include only construction
projects for which project-planning and estimate documentation and blue-
prints for a year of work are available by the first ~f July of th e preceding
year. Ministries producing technological and power equipment must receive
orders for the delivery of equipment for the entire period of construction,
and must receive orders for at least two years for the delivery of inetal
structural components.
- A number of ineasures are envisaged for the expansion of work on the technical
retooling and reconstruction of existing enterprises. They include the right
of managers of production associations and enterprises to ratify title lists
for the technical retooling of enterprises irrespective of the overall estimated
cost of the work in accordance with their estabiished limits on capital
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investments and construction-installation work and material stocks. Managers
~ire also entitled to establish bonuses for personnel meeting targets for _
_ the technical retooling of existing enterprises and to raise wages in
construction-installation organizations in whose plan the volume of work on
t~~chn ic~~l retool ing ~~nd r~~construction of existin~; enrerPrir;es .i;; ~i0 ~~~~r~.cnl
or more.
The Al~-Union State Bank for Financing Capital Investments (Stroybank) and _
the USSR State Bank (Gosbank) are instructed to finance state capital invest-
ments in productive construc~ion projects continuously on the basis of title -
lists for the entire period of construction within the sums ratified in
the estimate. It is permitted to grar,t clients credit to pay for major
technological and power equipment of domestic manufacture for productive
facilities before the equipment is installed and to continue to grant credit ~
~ upon the expiration of the equipment installation de~dline but for a higher -
interest rate. This procedure creates the stability of financing of -
construction projects. The same procedure is also extended to the settlement
of accounts for the delivery of equipment packages. In such a case, the
client pays the e~neral supplier in full for the delivered and in~talled
equipment package. The general supplier receives bank credit pending the -
delivery and installation of the entire equipment package. Credit continues
after the deadline but the intere~t rate is higher. `
The decree calls for higher bonuses for the timely activation oF production
capacities and Facilities in the average amount of up to ttiree percent of
the Estimated cost of constructioa and installation work performed. -
According to regulations on awarding bonuses for putting completecl projects
into operatian (regulations ratified by the USSR State Committee for Labor -
and Social Problems, the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs, -
and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions), bonuses are paid
with regard to the quality of the work for the activation of projecl-s on
schedule: bonuses are increased by 10 percent for a rating of "excellent";
there is no increase in bonuses for a rating of "good"; and bonuses are
reduced by 20 percent for a rating of "satisfactory." When the activation
tirne is reduced by at least 30 percent, the tatal bcnus is raised by 50
percent; when the activation time is reduced by 20 percent, the bonus is
~~aised by 25 percent; and when the activation time is reduced by 10 percent,
the bonu~ is raised by 10 percent. When a project is put into operation
ahead of schedule, the ge;ieral contractor receives fror,~ the client 50 percent
of the projected profit for the reduced period of construction but not more
than 0.5 percent of the estimated cost of construction-installation work
for each month of reduction in construction time. These .funds are channeled
into the economic incentive fund of organizations involved in the construction.
Provision is made for the distribution of the profit realized by the general
contractor betwePn subcontractors, proje~t-planning and other organizations
responsible for the reduction of construction time and for the devel~pment
of production. This profit is used for sociocultural measures and housing
construction and for the payment of bor,ases to managerial, engineering-
technical personnel, and employees and to woi�kers and brigade leaders who
have distinguished themselves in the amount of up to 1, 1.5, 2, and 3
times their salaries or basic wage sc91e::.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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~
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The F:].eventh Five-Year Plan calls for making the txansition to the planning
of labor productivity in construction-installation organizations on t-he basis
_ of normative net output or another indicator that reflects changes in "l~bor
inputs n~ore precisely. The wage fund will be planned on the basis of ruble~~'
_ worth o~' commodity output on the basis of the indicator that is used for the -
pl~inriin~; of labor productivity. The USSR State Committee for Construction -
Affairs in conjunction with the construction mini.stries mtist prepare the
norms and estim~~~es base to this end. The transition to the settlement of
accounts on the basis of net output i~: also envisaged in industry.
Construction ministries of the USSR and councils of ministries of union
republics are instructed to implPment measures to improve the managemen-t of
capital construction and to adopt a two-three element system of management -
between 1979 ~nd 1981. These measures hold great importance f~r constr~iction:
the present system of construction management is complex and un~aieldy. It
includes four and even five elements and the simplificaticn of the system
of management will increase the effectiveness of construction.
Cost accounting principles will undergo further development in construction-
installation organizations a~ well as in production associati.ons and at _
enterprises. Cost accounting is based on five-year plan targets and on
long-term economic norms that guarantee an increase in resources that are left -
at the disposal of cost-accounting organizations depending on improvements
in the final resul.ts of their activity coupled with a simultaneous increase
in deductions paid into the state budget. Provision is made for the evalu-
~ ation of t~ie results of economic activity to fiulfill product delivery plans
(includin~; c~nstruction output) in accordance with contracts, to increase
labor productivity, to improve product quality, and to increase profits.
E~onomic incentive funds will be formed on the basis of sfiable norms: the
hipher the profits, the larger the incentive funds.
Ministries and agencies establish a unified fund for th~ development of
science and technology for ,.he compensation of expenditures associated with
the elaboration and development of new types of products and technological
processes, with the improvement of product quality, and with higher expend-
itures during the first years of production of new products. This innovation
holds great significance for industry and will also be a stimulus to the
introduction of new technology in construction as well.
The pronouncement regarding the el.aboration and implementation of ineasures
_ for the broad development of the brigade form of organization of labor, cons-
idering the fact that is must become basic in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,
is especially important for the organization of labor and wages. Collectives ~
(councils) of brigades are authorized to determine the size of bonuses and
wages on the basis of the actual contribution of each brigade member to
the general results and other types of material encourageme.nt, All this
_ emphasizes `he significance of the development of the brigade contract method
= and of other progr�essive forms of labor in co;_struction. The successful use
of this method and these forms depends in larger measure on the rhythmic
operation of the entire construction-installation organization and, in
particular, on the lack of interruption in supply.
ZO
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The decree should be the basis for the elaboration of normative acts on the
implementation of ineasures indicated in the decree, including measures in
capital construction (some of th.em have already been ratified and published).
The decree of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers
opens up broad opportunities before all workers in the construction industry
complex to raise thz level of all work, to eliminate existing shortcomings,
to increase the effectiveness of construction production and labor productiv-
_ ity, arid to accelerate scientific and techni.cal progress in construction and
in the entire national economy. -
COPYRIGHT; Izdatel'stvo "Pravda", "Voprosy Ekonomiki", 1979
5013 .
CSO: 1821
. !
;
i�
_ ;
. ~
11 -
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
Y~
a:~;3
fi:~4~
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200060016-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
iJDC 658.512.6:658.52.011.56:621.9.06-529
OPTIMIZING AUTOMAT ED MACHINE-TOOL SECTIONS
' Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 3-5
[Article by M. Kh. Blekherman: "Optimization of Equipment Load of Au~omated
Sections Consisting of Machine Tools with Individual Control Panels"]
- [Text] The creation of comprehensively automated sections of machine _
tools with individual control panels (ChPU) controlled by computer is a
~ promising trend for increasing labor productivity and efficiency of
utilization of equipment in small-serial and unitary production. In this
article are described the principles of equipment load optimization in the
system of on-line industrial planning (SOPP) for automated sections of
machine tools with ChPU for treatment of parts such as solids of rotation
(type ASV sections). The SOPP was elaborated at ENIMS (Experimental _
Scientific Research Institute of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools) and was
realized on the M-6000 electronic computer (with 32 kbyte working storage
- and one floppy disk file) . The first pP~ase of the system (SOPP-1) has been
in industrial operation since 1.977 at ti~e ASV-20 section (Stanko-
, konstruktsiya plant of ENIMS); the secc~nd phase of the system (SOPP-2) is
_ being put into operation et the ASV-21 section (Sasovsk Plant of Automated
- Lines).
Machine tools with ChPU (as compared to all-purpose machine tools of the _
same technological designation) have high productivity and cost, and
therefore the maximum intensification of their load is so important.
Several theoretically new possibilities in this direction have been
revealed by comprehensive automation of produ~:tion in type ASV sections
because of the presence in the section of a control computer, unified
transport and storage system (TNS), automated systems of technological
preparation of production (TPP) and the SOPP. Within the SOPP, in-
tensification of loads of machine tools with ChPU is achieved by reducing
down time for technical organization and preparation and finishing time.
Aspects Of The Planning Object And Interaction With The Planned Production
Control Division (PDO) Or Automated Production Control System (ASUP)
Type ASV sections are designed to acc~mplish lathe, milling and drilling
operations in the manufacture of parts of the solids of rotation type and
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consist of several technical machine tool groups (TGS). Each TGS combines
' machine tools of the same model and modification, designed to perform
identical technological operations. Within a TGS, all machine tools are
completely interchangeable. For example, the ASV-Z1 section consists of
three TGS: lathe (six model 1725MF3's), drill-milling machines (three
models MA2235MF4's) and a centering-milling machine (model MR021F4). The
SOPP is adjusted to a specific equipment make-up according to tables. Up to
30 machine tools of different TGS can be simulatneously connected to the
SOPP.
Let us examine the ASV-20 to illustrate several characteristics of the ASV
type section load. The average size of a start-up run (in 1978 figures) is
19 items: 52 percent of the run contains no more than five parts per item.
The average treatment time per run in a single control program (UP) for
lathe operations is T~P = 8.5 minutes. The annual inventory of rotary
parts comprises more than 1200 items. An average of 50-60 items are
simultaneously being produced.
Therefore, the ASV type section is a multi-item small-serial production ~
line with short treatment cycle. Typical features of such production
(because of the diversity and complexity of industrial connections) are:
1) raising the requirement for efficiency and coordination of activities
of all section and plant services; 2) the large number of unpredictable
deviations from production schedule, leading to equipment down time for
organizational and technical reasons.
5ome of these deviations (retraining of groduction because of design
changes of treated articles or tretment technology; untimely delivery of
billets, fittings and cutter; delay in performance of subcontracted work)
are typical for most small-serial productions; some deviations (errors in
iJP, need to retrain UP for significant deviations in billet dimensions) are
specific to equipment with ChPU. The k~reakdown of equipment also leads to
unpredictable deviations from the section's work schedule. Elimination of
causes of unpredictable deviations requires the performance of a set of
measures aimed at improving short-term planning, improvement of pre-
paration of production and enhancement of equipment reliability.
In addition to coordinating section service work, section stability in the
fact of unpredictable deviations from the production schedule is of
primary importance (i.e., distribution of resources and planning con-
ditic+ns so that equipment down time for organizational and technical
reasons due to random deviations is at a minimum).
Work planning of automated sections oi: the ASV type is done at two levels:
the level of long-term (monthly, biweekly) volume planning of section work
as a whole, done by the PDO or ASUP within the entire plant; and the level
of short-term (shift, half-shift) planning of work of specific units of
- equipment and section services, done by the SOPP. This organizatian of
planning is governed by the fact that within the ASUP it is almost
impossible to consider on-going changes in the manufacturing situation
typical of small-serial production in a thorough and efficient manner.
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rux urrl~;t[~. U5~ UNLY
Intervention of PDO or ASUP in the work of SOPP is only permitted when the
monthly production program is corrected or the initial orders are changed.
Shortening Equipment Down Time for Organizational and Technical Causes
The basic means of shortening equipment down ti~ne for organizational and
technical causes within the section SOPP have been determined from
operating experience of automated sections.
1. Comprehensive solution of production control problems. In ordinary
producti.on lines, the load of machine tools is planned on the basis of
technological routing. Work planning of automated sections is done in SOPP
on the basi~ of a comprehensive examination of the entire manufacturing
cycle of the order path through the section [1]. The manufacturing cycle
of order path consists of two stages (see table): preparation of production
(opening the order and listing parts, UP, fittings and cutter) and the
execution of the order per se (from start-up of the listed order to sealing
of the order and shipping the ready product to the customer). The first
stage in the manufacturing cycle is standard for all orders, while the
second stage is automatically shaped on the basis of the technological
route. The technological route, UP and standard and adjustment data for
each UP (so-called UP tags) are elaborated in the TPP system and are
transmitted to the section via punched tape.
The manufacturing cycle contains the following operation groups: 1) metal
working operations carried out in the section (with breakdown according to
installation of parts); 2) subcontract operations after which the parts
- must be returned for further treatment in the shop; 3) TPP operations; 4)
receipt of fittings and cutters stored outside the section; 4) technical
- monitoring operations; 6) dispatcher operations.
TPP operation is plannPd once in the SOPP (with first start-up of a given
item). With repeated start-ups, the SOPP automatically considers this _
operation to be executed (except for cases of change in billet size or
treatment technology). Operations of billet delivery and subcontract work
are included in the manufacturing cycle of order path in the section to
organize a closed accounting system that identifies possible disturbances
in section work rhythm caused by disruption in billet delivery time and -
subcontract performance. In the SOPP, the performance of these operations
is not planned, only monitored.
Thus, the entire manufact~�cing cycle of order routing is reduced to the
performance of a preset sequence of operations. A shift from the
technological path to the manufacturing cycle of order routing enables us
to plan the work not only of machine tools within SOPP, but also TPP
services, technical monitoring, c.tters and dispatcher work. In addition,
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Manufacturing Cycle of Order Transit in Section
of the ASV t e(Formalized Exam le)
Cycle stages Groups of operations
preparation of opening of order in the section
production receipt of billets
technolo ical re aration of roduction
execution of loading in TNS
order preliminary lathing, first unit*
prelminary lathing, second unit*
technical monitoring
forwarded f~r subcontracting
subcontracted heat treatment* -
loading in TNS
final lathing, first unit*
final lathing, second unit*
drilling-milling work, first unit*
technical monitoring _
sealing order and shipping ready product to
customer
*Operations appearing on the technological path of an item elaborated in
the TPP system
based on data contained in UP labels, the SOPP plans the operations of the
cutter service for cutter alignment and fitting out. The SOPP interaction
chart is illustrated in the figure.
Metal working operations are automatically standardized in SOPP based on
the values of TuP and T~ (manual auxiliary time) contained in the UP
labels.
An important role in reducing equipment down time for organizational and
technical causes is played by on-line reporting to section and plant
services on the current status of production. In this connection, SOPP (in
addition to output of reports) on request of the appropriate services
displays reference data (disruption of deliveries of billets, current work
load, etc).
2. Increasing Efficiency of Control Reactions. If there is a significant
number of deivations from the production schedule, it is necessary to
achieve maximum speec] of feedback, i.e., to reduce the time interval
between the moment of change in the manufacturing situation and the change
in the appropriate planned assignme~t. This requirment is most fully
satisfied by the conditions of continuous (dynamic) planning in which the
:~ext line item of the planned assignment is determined and is reported to
the working area only after receipt of data on the performance or
non-performance of the preceeding assignment line item.
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. 1'VL\ ~/CL'1V1HL UJ~ UNLY
Q
~ Z
~ 1~ S DI
1f 4
1
10 5 -
_ ~ 9 6 IP
a ~
Y
~ Interaction of SOPP with Plant and Section
Subdivisions and Services:
I--SOPP; II--PDO or ASUP; III--TPP service; IV--technical montiroing; V--
section chief; VII-cutter service; VII--dispatcher service; 1--section
manufacturing program, additions and corrections to program, change in
initial data on orders (run size, time, etc.); 2--reports, d.ata on current -
status of production (current status or orders, volume of insurance
reserves, shortage in order parts list); 3--assignments for technological
preparation of rpoduction and Ui~ error corrections, data on current status
of technological data bank; 4--technological routing and labeling of UP
prepared according to assignments; 5--assignments for conduct of technical
monitoring operations; 6--data on results of operations of technica_
monitora.ng; 7--assignments for machine tools of section, data on current
status of production, reports; 8--data on results of execution of
assignments for machine tools, removal of residue at end of half shift and
status of work areas; 9--assignments for receipt of cutter and fittings,
assignments for alignment of cutter and fittings; 10--data on receipt of
cutter and fittings; 11--assignments for dispatcher operations (loading in
TNS, sending out ~or subcontract work and sealing orders); 12--data on
results of dispatcher operations, data on receipt of billets and half-
finished products (from subcontractors).
The choice of the current line item of the assignment is done on the basis
of the entire set of data stored in the system at the time of inquiry. But
realization of these conditions is complicated by several organizational -
and technical problems. In this context, when SOPP programming in-
structions are developed, it is provided that the system can operate under
both continuous and session planning conditions.
The most natural interval of planning is the half shift (planning sessions
are done between shifts and during the lunch break). Planned assignments
for the next half shift are elaborated on the basis of information on the
status of production at the end of the preeceeding half shift. Data during
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~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
the half shift are stored on pap~_r, usually the planned assignment blanks.
Information is put into the SOPP at the start of the planing session. Only
data on changes in the current status of orders and equipment are put in;
the bulk of the data is stored on the floppy disk. The SOPP is serviced by
one operator per shif`.
The need for highly efficient data processing in continuous and half shift
planning required the creation of a special system of information
processinq [2]. Input and monitoring of data for the preceeding half
- shift, correction of data banks, calculations and print out of planned
assignments for the next half shift take no more than 30 minutes in all. As
operating experience with the ASV-20 shows, conditions of half shift
planning provide, in most cases, the necessary efficiency of readjustment
and adaptation of production in conformity with current manufacturing
conditions. According to the nature of production, SOPP can be aligned to
conditions of shift and daily planing.
3. Localization of deviations from the production schedule. In addition
to introducing on-line feedback, SOPP stability is also increased by using
additional constraints which localize the consequences of random de-
viations. The essence of these constraints consists in a distribution of
resources so that the performance of the planned assignment at one work
, site in a given planning interval (half shift) is independent of the
performance or lack thereof at other work sites.
Thus, the planned assi~nment for a machine tool only contains orders (or
parts of orders) which are completely ready for execution of operations of
the appropriate TGS at the time of planning. During the interval of
planning, parts can not be moved from machine tool to machine tool, even if
the machine tools are completely interchangeable. This guarantees local I
indepedendence oi machine tool loads, i.e., the operation of one machine L
tool does not affect (during the planning interval) the operation of other
machine tools. If the order is placed in several containers, these
constraints are related only to each part in its individual container, not
to the entire ~rder.
Localization of discrepancies can be used only with small planning
_ intervals and ensures more s~able and efficient machine loads.
4. Increase in the Number of Degrees of Freedom in Solving Optimization
Problems. One of the basic constraints in solving optimization problems of
equipment loading is the planned periods of order output. If the planned
periods are uniformly distributed throughout the month, under conditions
of multi-item production the criterion of minimization of disruption of
these periods is very rigid and almost unambiguously determines the
sequence of order processing on the machine tools [3]. By establishing the
sequence of treatment in this way, it may involve~the inefficient use of
equipment and significant down time for organizational and technical
reasons.
17
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I
r~n Vrrl~lrw u~~ UNLY
Analysis of multi-item small-scale production shows that in most cases,
the required accuracy of observance of planned periods of order delivery _
does not exceed two or three days. Thus in the SOPP, all orders are grouped
according to three priorities of fulfillment ("normal", "urgent", "emer-
gency") ; this permitted a shift from a more than 20-level system (according
to the number of working days/month) of priorities to a three-level system.
Within the level, all orders are considered equally urgent. The priority
level is designated upon opening of the order and be changed on-line by
technical and engineering workers of the section and plant during
completion of the order (not only the entire order, but also each part -
placed in a separate container) . Fulfillment of ari order of lower prioriLy
is permitted only after fulfillment of all orders of high priorities.
To eaualize random deivations from the production schedule and optimize
macine tool load in the ASV-type section, insurance work reserves are
envisaged for each TGS (for 2-3 shifts). Data on current volume of
insurance work reserves are automatically prepared in the SOPP. In
addition, insurance work reserves are introduced into each half-shift
assignment per machine tool.
Reduction of Prepara'cion and Finisliing Time (Tp_Z)
One basic obstacle to efficient use of machine tools with ChPU in
small-scale and unitary production is the relative large portion of T_Z in
overall resources of machine tool time. The relative significance o~ Tp_Z
is reduced in SOPP by minimizing re-adjustments of machine tools.
Under conditions of small-scale production, machine tool load is usually
planned by operations (without dividing into installations). At the same
time, re-installations within an operation in sc~me instances are related
to significant re-adjustment of the machine tool. The presence of unified
TGS of the section, ,~:~ich ensures efficient feed of items to any work
position, permits a shift from planning of operation fulfillment to
planning of installation fulfillment. The planning unit of the SOPP is
fulfillment of one UP (i.e., one installation) for a part of an order
situated in a single container. Therefore, SOPP permits fulfillment of two
installations in one operation with a discontinuity in time at various
machine ;:ool positions.
The sequence of planning units for each machine tool (planned assignment
per machine tool) is established using the type optimization method [4],
which represents a modification of the method of group treatment in
short-term planning and is designed for the high intensity of unpre-
dictable deviations from production schedule.
The type optimization method is high speed: calculation of the half-shift
- assignment for TGS of four machine tools (with order portfolio of 100
planning units) takes about 2.5 minutes.
- 18
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Introduction of SOPP in the ASV-20 section reduced to almost 1/2 the down
time of equipment for organizational and technical causes and to almost 1/2
the machine tool adjustment time.
References
1. l3lekhermar~, M. Kh., Kardanskiy, L.L�. and Margolin, M.D., "Urqaniza-
tion of technical reference libraries in OPP systems for automated
sections of machine tools with ChPU", in: Tsentralizovannoye uprav-
leniye oborudovaniyem ot EVM i podgotovka upravlyayushchikh programm
(Sb. trudov)[Centralized computer control of equipment and pre-
paration of control software (Proceedings)], Moscow, ENIMS, 1976.
2. Blekherman, M. Kh., Mikhaylovskiy, M.A. and Yakunin, M.A., "Software
systems for section control of machine tools with ChPU", STANKI I
INSTRUMENT, 1978 No 9.
3. Conway, R.W., Maxwell, W.L., Miller, L.W, Teoriya raspisaniy [Theory
of Schedules), Moscow, Nauka, 1975.
4. Blekherman, M. Kh., Grachev, L.N., Margolin, M. D. and Chistyakov,
V.M., "Minimization of re-adjustment time in systems of on-line
production planning for automated sections of machine tools with
ChPU", Oborudovaniye s chislovym programmnym upravleniye [Equipment
w.ith numerical software control), Scientific-Technical Abstracts,
(NIimash), 1978, issue 4.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye~ STANKI I INSTRUMENT, 1979
8617
CS0:1821
19
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rux urrll:lt~1. US~; UNLY
METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
UDC 621.9.06-112+[658.527:621.9.06-52]
STANDARDIZED SUBASSEMBLIFS OF MACHINE TOOLS
- Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 14-17
[Article by L. S. Bron: "Unified Range of Standardized Subassemblies of
Modular Machine Tools and Automated Lines"]
[Text] Automated lines (AL) and modular machine tools (AS) are the most
productive equipment for multiple arbor mechanical treatment of chassis
parts under conditions of large-scale and mass production. A distinctive
feature of AL and AS is that they are composed of separate standardized
, (normalized) subassemblies and parts, which reduces periods of planning
and manufacture, reduces cost and raises the quality of this equipment.
In th~ Minstankoprom system, modular machine tools (using normalized
- subassemblies in their manufacture) have been manufactured since the early
1950s by the Moscow Machine Tool Construction Pant imeni Sergo Ordzhoni-
kidze (according to designs of Moscow Special Design Bureau of Automated
Lines and Modular Machine Tools, the Minsk Plant of Automated Lines
(according to designs of Minsk Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines)
and the Kharkov Plant of Mod ular Machine Taols (according to designs of the
Kharkov Speicl Desigi. Bureau of Modular Machine Tools). Individual
normalized subassemblies were manufactured by the Glukhovskiy Plant of
Modular Subassemblies (accordinq to designs of Kharkov Special Design
Bureau of Modular Machine Tools), Gomel'skiy Plant of Machine Tool
Subassemblies (according to designs of Minsk Special Design Brueau of
Automated Lines), the Moscow Stankoagregat Plant, and the Moscow Plant of
Special Machine Tools Spetsstanok (according to designs of the Moscow
Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines and Modular Machine Tools).
Subassemblies manufactured according to the designs of the three en-
umerated special design bureaus were normalized only for the corresponding
manufacturer; consequently it was not possible to arrange their cen-
tralized production for use in machine tool designs and automated lines
manufactured by other plants.
, With the growth of machinery of large-scale and mass production (auto-
~ mobiles, tractors, agricultural machinery, etc.), the need increased for
' metal cutting equipment to manufacture the most complex chassis parts of
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~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200060016-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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22
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240060016-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ these muchines. In the machine-tool manufacturing industry, several new
plants were drawn into production of modular machine tools and
automated lines; this made it necessary to elaborate a unified range (for
all designers and manfuacturers} of standadized subassemblies for modular -
machine tools and auto~~~ated lines and to arrange centralized production.
tn the creation of a unified range of standardized suba:,semblies, the
- following goals were set: 1) further development of modular methods of
machine tools and automated lineG to expand technical resources and
increase the number of possible combinations using the minimum list of
subassemblies; 2) refinement of parameters of several subassemblies to
conform to recommendations of CMEA and ISO; 3) increase precision and
performance of subassemblies; improve designs based on operating experience
of functional subassemblies (including increased rigidity and precision,
rate of rapid movement, etc.); 4) expansion of possible fields of
application of modular machine tools and autom.~ted lines by including
subassemblies of small modular machine tools in the unified range.
T-'
I o~ -
al �
. - - - ,
I ~ ~ ~6 ,
I f`
~ s � ,y;.
I 4
~ o ~ a .
�I ' a o
~ h ~
800
i -
, ~ 0 f
' 1 1
~ ~ 117U ' '
~ I - ' i i
~ I ~ -----~r-F~~i -
I ~ I
j ' d} ~ ~---o,15U.. a
, ~
~
0
i`
~
, ~ ~ ~
j.. _~_160u__ 7 _ ,
Figure 1. Vertical multi-arbor multi-~osition
AS: 1--rotating table; 2--work; 3--arbor housing; 4--stop -
brackets; S--moving platform of power table; 6--pedestal; 7--
base support.
23
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
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r~ux ur~r~tc;l[~ U5E ONLY
_
i ' .
I
; ' . t~1_.._~ -
. t~.
' - I~~:_~-.~-- �o
~ -
1.1:~Y~._ _.1,= ~m ~ ` ~ ~ . ~ . ~ _ .
~ ~
' i ,r t;"`~C
~ :~~i
O ~
n
;acr J ~ re~a ,
- 3190 ~ �
~
Figure 2. Hori~ontal bilateral drill AS: 1) drill
chuck; 2) power table; 3) side base.
Table 2
parameters affecting improved parameters relative possible in-
AS producti-~ity of subassemblies of signifi- crease in
unified range (ave- cance of machine-tool
rage based on ap- increased productivity, _
plicability of sub- producti- ~
assemblies), ~ ~ity, ~
;yj increased rate of rapid 40 15 6
travel of power pack5
increased dimensions of 70 32 10
arbor housings (and ac-
cordingly, average number
of arbors) set on bracket,
whose size corresponds to -
size of power table
inccreased conditions of 70 33 11
- cutting because of in- -
creased rigidity of arbor
housings, chucks, power ~
and index rotation tables
~ and frame parts
increased output of elec- 45 20 9
tric rotary drive of arbor
housings and chucks
24
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.
~FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
When the unified ranye uf standardized 5ub~~:;seinblie:~ i: ncoc~urated, the
overall number~of moduluar machine tools (including 25 type sizes of new
subas~emblies for small machine tools) is reduced by about 40 percent
(including arbor housings, about 60 percent).
The following are used as power packs in the unified range: small manual
hydraulic tail-spindle heads (size 01-04) with hydraulic drive 0.12-1.1
kW; automated radial cam tail spindle heads (sizes 03 and 05), output 0.6-
3 kW; tables, power (sizes 1-7) of normal, increased and high precision
(with hydraulic and electromechanical feed); chucks, reaming, drilling and
milling (without tail spindles), output 1.5-30 kW; chucks, recess-reaming
and milling (with tail spindle), output 15-30 kW.
Work rotating subassemblies for the unified range include: mounted rotary
index tables (~f200-320 mm) of high precision with hydraulic drive; rotary
index tables (~d400-800 mm) of normal and increased precision with
electromechanical drive; mounted rotary index tables (~800-1600 mm) of
normal and increased precision with hydraulic drive.
The unified range envisaged the use of support frames (for modular mz.chine
tools planned by all special design bureaus) including: frame for small
modular machine tool; frame parts (including base and pedestal} for
~ modular machine tool with radial cam heads; frame parts (cast and welded)
for AS and A1 composed of power tables.
For the possible use of computer technology in composing orders for unified
range subassemblies, a classifier was elaborated in conformity with which
tihe code of each subassembly consists of 6 characters.
The first character (letter U) is the index of the unified system of
standardized subassemblies. The second ck~aracter is a letter belongi.ng to -
the developer of the technical speci~ications: A--ENIMS; D--Odessa Special
Design Bureau ARS; E--Minsk Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines; N--
Moscow Special Design Bureau of AL and AS; Kh--Kharkov Special Design
Bureau of AS. The third character is a figure belonging to the subassembly
.group: 1--frame, base parts; 2--drives and mechanisms of installation; 3-
-arbor subassemblies; 4--main drive subassemblies, feed and adjustment '
units, etc. The fourth character is a figure belong to the subassembly
group; the fifth symbol is a figure belong to the subassembly type size.
ENIMS developed state standards (over 20) governing basic dimensions and
norms of precision of standardized subassemblies of the unified range,
which ensures high quality ot manufacture of these subassemblies by all
' plants according to standardized technical conditions.
25
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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i�va~ vl~ri~.itw uJC~ U1VLY
The use of unified range standardized subassemblies of AS and A1 instead of
the previously used normalized subassemblies yields the following ad- -
vantages: 1) the overall number of type sizes of subassemblies is greatly
reduced and the technical l.evel of subassemblies and their AS and AL is
increased (Table 1); 2) productivity of AS can be raised by 36 percent
(Table 2); 3) subassemblies of unified range are fitted with improved
electrical and hydraulic control, as wel.l as systems of lubrication,
' removal of cuttings, etc.
~ Figures 1 and 2 illustrate t~~pical arrangements of AS (design of Moscow
Special Design Bureau of AL and AS) of different purposes, built on the
basis of standardized subassemblies of the unified range.
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUNiENT, 1979
~
8617
CS0;1821 -
26
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
METALWORICIPIG EQUIPMENT
UDC 62-229.331
NEW LINE OF SPINDLE BOXES ELABORATED ~
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 17-19
[Article by G. I. Gorelik, V. B. Genin and Zh. E. Tartakovskiy: "Spindle
Boxes -
(Text] The Moscow Special Design Bureau of AL and AS and the Minsk Special
Deisgn Bureau of Automated Lines elaborated a range of single-spindle
boxes of varied technological designation in which they use uniform design
solutions and a large number of identical elements. The composition of the
range includes boring chucks in seven sizes, recess-boring chucks in five
sizes, drill chucks in three sizes and milling chucks in five sizes. -
Boring chucks of the UYe411 type are designed for reaming holes without the
use of jig bushings and may be of normal and increased precision. L
Chucks of normal precision are used in nonferrous reaming of holes of all ~
classes of precision, in semifinished reaming of holes of the third class
of precision and in finished ream~^~ ^F ti~?`~ of the fourth or lower
~ classes of precision. Additional requirements are not imposed on the form
of holes in these classes, as a rule, and hole axis deviation of 0.1
millimeter is permitted within 300 millimeters of length.
Chucks of increased precision are used in semifinished reaming of holes of
the first and second classes of precision and in finished reaming of holes
of the second and third classes of precision with a tolerable error of
shape of reamed holes no more than half the diameter tolerance ar.d
tolerable error of hole axis position not to exceed 0.05 mm over a length
of 300 millimeters.
The reaming chuck type UYe411 is shown in Figure 1. In the housing (5), the
arbor (3) is mounted on bearings. Axial forces are absorbed by the thrust
bearing (6). Provisional clearance of the bearings is controlled by
' nuts(2) and (4) and expansion rings (1) and (7). The basic technical data
of reaming chucks of type UYe41? are shown below.
If it is necessary to face end surfaces and scroll grooves in apertures,
the recessing-reaming chucks composed of standardized reaming chucks (cf.
Figure 1) are used containing type UN428 faceplate and type UN474 cross
feeder. Basic technical data of recessing-reaming chucks are shown below.
27
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APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200060016-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
UYe411 Reaming chucks
Size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Diameter of
arbor in front
support, mm 40 60 80 100 130 160 'lUU
i~ront end of
arbor (GOST
12595-72) 3 4 5 6 8 11 15
Permissible
axial force,
- kgs 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500
Largest dia-
meter of rear~ed
aperture, mm 100 125 160 ~00 250 320 400
Recessing-Reaming Chucks
. Size 3 4 5 6 7
Diameter of arbor ~
in front support,
tldn 80 100 130 160 200
Diameter of
faceplate, mm 250 320 400 500 630
Longest travel
of carriage, mm 50 60 80 100 125
Highest rate of
arbor rotation,
rpm 650 550 550 500 400
Cross feed,
mm/min 17-450 11-450 11-450 7-400 7-400
Rate of rapid
extraction of
carriage,
m/min 5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Greatest force
- of feed in car-
riage, kgs 125 200 320 500 800
Permissible
bending moment ~
of cutting forces
with respect to
carriage force,
kgs.m 10 20 40 80 160
Rated pressure
in hydraulic
system, kgs/cm2 20 20 30 30 50
28
FOR ~JFFICIAL USE ONLY
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200064416-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
t J ~ s s ~
/ .
' . ~ r ~ ~ ~
/ 4!.~ , r~_;.
. .
K
.
~ ~
, / :,'1
_ '
Figure 1. Type UYe411 Reaming Chuck
The arbor (9) of chuck (Figure 2) is rotated by an electric motor through
the main drive (7). A faceplate (10) along whose guides the carriage (12~
travels in a radial direction is attached to the arbor flange. Carriage
movement.is accomplished through a rack transmission by a pull rod (8)
which is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder (2) of the cross feeding
mechanism.
The rack cut into the front end of the pull rod is engaged with the two
wheels (11) which in turn are engaged with the two racks (23) and (24),
attached to the carriage. This coupled rack transmission is necessary for
selection of clearance in Ehe feed mechanism by tnoving the rack (23) with -
screws (22) along rack (24). To guarantee precision the forward position
of the carriage (with diameter tolerance of less than 0.5 millimeter) has
a control~screw (14) which, in forward carriage position, touches the
detent (13).
The cross feed mechanism contains a bearing block 915) intended for
_ connecting the pull rod (8), which rotates with the arbor, to the
stationary rod (3) of the hydraulic cylinder (2). The initial position of
the rod and carriage are set by detent (17) on which rests the nut (1)
attached to the rod. With a diameter tolerance of more than 0.5
millimeter, the working stroke of the rod and carriage are controlled by
~ the detent (16) on which the nut (1) rests.
To monitor the end positions of the carriage, contactless end breakers (4)
and (21) are used. When the hydraulic cylinder rod moves, pin(5) rotates
a roller (18) past lever (6), together with which the detents (19) and (20)
rotate, interacting with the end breakers. If necesary, the recessing-
reaming chucks.can be used to sequentially ream holes and face ends.
_ Reamers are attached to the faceplate along with the carri~ge.
In all cases, the power table on .which the recessing-reaming chuck is
mounted must approach the fixed detent at a slow speed. If it is also
necessary to ream a hole in addition to recessing faces, the power table
must approach the fixed detent in working feed. In this case, the table is
controlled by the hydraulic feed panel. If only an end is to be reamed, the
~ 29
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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table is controlled by the guide hydraulic distributor, and to reduce the
rate of approach to the fixed detent, a travelling throttle may be used.
Figure 3 shows a standard hydraulic control circuit for a recess-
ing-reaming chuck. After stopping the power table (on the fixed detent),
electromagnet E1 of the three-position guide distributor (5) is switched
on. Oil from the high pressure pump passes through the filt~r (8), reducing
valve (7) and flow regulator (9) into the right cavity of the hydraulic
cylinder (2) of the cross feeder. The cylinder piston moves left
performing the working feed of the carriage. From the left cavity of the
cylinder (2) the oil pours into the tank throug the pressure valves (3) and -
(6) . '1'he reduction valve is designed to reduce pressure in tF?e
cylinder (2).
~ ? J 4 ~ S 6 7 d\ 9 10 . ~
' ~ n
~
_ ~ , ~
r ~
-~::t:~= ~ . .
. - _ - - - - 13
. ~
, -
; . ~ ~
, . . . ~
f! 16 ~
A--~ 15 ~ ~
A-A 6=6 '
99 ?0 � P1 . ~
14
16 ~ 7J . ~ -
. ~ j; \ ~ ; /
- - , ; / -
~
~ ,
v ~ d \
11
Figure 2. Recessing-Reaming Chuck.
30
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200064416-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
2
f
. ~ 3 ~1
8~.
�4
3f 32.
L _ _3
S
- 6
~
8 .-~7 I
Figure 3. Standard Hydraulic Control Circuit of
Recessing and Reaming Chuck.
When recessing the front end of a part, the carriage returns to its initial
position after the power table arrives at its initial position: this
ensures minimum cycle time because carriage return in this case can be
combined with release of the work. In recessing the rear end of work, the
carriage returns to initial position before the extraction of the power
table.
To return the carriage to initial position, electromagnet E1 is dis-
connected and electromagnet E2 is switched on. Oil enters the left cavity
of the cylinder (2) through the reverse valve (4); from the right cavity of
the cylinder, oil pours into the tank through the reverse valve of the flow
regulatoc (9) and pressure valve (6). Oil is also fed into the cavity of
the lubrication plunger pump (1).
If necessary to drill single openings of large diameter, type UYe412 drill
chucks are used which are similar to reaming chucks shown in Figure 1. The
difference is that the leading end of the arbor has a hole for installation
of the mandrel tail spindle with a bar cutter (similar to the arbors of
multi-arbor boxes), and in the front support of the of the arbor instead of
the two-row roller bearing are placed two radial thrust ball bearings. On
the sides of the front part of the housing of the drill chuck there are bars
for attachment of the conductor plate. The basic technical data of type
UYe412 drill chucks are shown below.
31
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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~�vL~ vi L t~.irw U.~~ U1VLY
Size 2 3 4
Arbor diameter in front support,
mm 60 70 85
Hole diameter in arbor (GOST
13876-76), mm 28;36 36;48 48;60
Permissible axial force, kgs 1000 1500 2000
Largest hole ~D, mm (steel): 25 32 40
(cast iron): 32 40 50
6 A
� _ ~ s s f---
+ o a� i
~ B + i
- -~-^---~E~ I
~
~ ~
s z
s_a ~
A
J~ ' /~�'/,~i ~
.
: .
� " a a
~i, ://'!j,,i/ . ' 1
~~~/.~~i/i' ~.~~i.i.'i//.'.'ii~~/ . ~
o a . p p O' O
/ ' , . ~ ; ~ /i .
Z ~
1
6-6
A_A -
k 7 B 9 JO
{
- ~ . ~z
. /i
Figure 4. Milling Chuck type UYe413 with Tail Spindle Break-Away.
Milling chucks type UYe413 are mainly designed for facing work made of
ferrous and nonferrous metals. The milling chucks can be set horizontally,
on an incline and vertically on moving or stationary elements or machine
tools; feed motion can be imparted to the work or to the milling chuck
itself. The milling cutter is set to treatment size by an adjusting motion
of the tail spindle.
Standardized milling chucks of type UYe413 are manufactured in two kinds:
with and without tail spindle break-away. The former ones are used whzn
the cutter does not have to be withdrawn from the work surface during the
machine cycle. The basic technical data of UYe413 milling chucks are cited
helow.
32 -
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~ c
a~ a)
Figure 5. Spindle box rotary drives:
a) type UYe465 drive; b) type UYe464 drive.
Size 3 4 5 6 7
- Arbor diameter
- in front support,~
mm 60 80 100 130~ 160
O.D. flange
of arbor (GOST
836-72),
mm 88;882 101.600; 128.570; 152.440; 221.440;
128.570 152.400 221.440 335.0
Largest
- milling
diameter,
mm 200 250 400 500 630
Adjustment
movement
of tail
spindle,
mm 50 50 100 100 100
Figure 4 shows the milling chuck with tail spindle break-away. The housing
(1) has a base plane for attachment of the chuck to the machine tool and a
shaft plane for installation of the arbor rotary drive. In the housing
opening (1) is set the cylindrical tail spindle (2) with the arbor (3)
mounted on bearings. Clearances in the tiearings are controlled the same
way as in reaming chucks (see Figure 1). A connecting link (4) is attached
to the tail spindle which is connected to the adjustment mechanism. This
mechanism is made in.the form of an adjustment screw (7) which interacts
with a slide block (9).
33
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1'va~ vPi iVtrw U~L' V1YL1
Extraction (break-away) of the tail spindle is accomplished by a hydraulic
cylinder (10) connected via a slide block (9), screw (7) and connecting
link (4) to the tail spindle (2). When the slide block moves to the right,
the tail spindle is extracted 10 millimeters. When it moves in the
opposite clirection, the tail spindle is brought up to the detent of the
variable caliber slide block (8) designed to replace the milling ccutter
without adjustment.
The clamping and release of the tail spindle are accomplished when the
slide block (12) is moved by the hydraulic cylinder (11). The forward
position of the tail spindle is monitored by the contactless end breaker
(5); the rear position--by the end breaker (6). In milling chucks without
tail spindle break-away, the hydraulic cylinders (10) and (11) are
replaced by screws with manual rotary drive. The bearings, tail spindle
and trail ^pindle movement mechanism are lubricated when the chuck is
assembled with plastic lubricant TsIATIM 203.
When installed on cross tables which both feed the work and perform cross
extraction of the chuck from the work, milling cutters without tail
spindles can be used. These chucks differ from reaming chucks (see Figure
1) only in the design of the front end of the arbor, made in conformity with
GOST 836-72. The basic technical data of milling chucks correspond to the
data of reamers.
In the event that the direction of feed is parallel to the support plane of
the _milling chuck, the latter is set at the angle of the milling cutter and
is l~cked in this position by conical pins. If the direction of feed is
perpendicular to the support plane of the milling chuck, the necessary
angle of inclination is assured by scraping the work coupled with the chuck
or the housing the chuck itself.
To rotate the arbors of chucks of normal and increased precision,
standardized drives of two types are used: type UYe465 with cylindrical
geared transmissions (Figure 5a) and type UYe464 with gear-and-belt
transmissions (Figure 5b). Drives with gear-and-belt transmissions are
used primarily when a high rate of rotation is necessary, e.g., in work
made of aluminum alloys. Below are cited the basic technical data of
rotary drives of reaming, recessing-reaming, drilling and milling chucks
(numerator for UYe465, denominator for UYe464 drives).
Size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Maximum motor power,
kW -/0.55 1.5/1.5 4/4 5.5/7.5 11/11 18.5/18.5 30/-
Maximum torque,
kgs.m -/0.5 25/1.5 50/4 90/9 180/16 360/31 710/-
Output shaft
- rpm - '1-1180 45-900 25-900 20-850 16-710 12-450
770-4100 630-4130 550-3110 410-2550 330-1900 290-78C -
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinost~oyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT~ 1979
8617 34
cso: is21
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METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
UDC 621.9.06.112-229.31-182.5
POWGR AND ROTARY INDEX TABLES WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 19-22
[Article by V. B. Genin and Zh. E. Tartakovskiy] ~
(Text) Power tables are among the basic subassemblies which determine the
make-up of modular machine tools, both discrete ones and those appearing as
part of automated lines (AL). Multiple spindle boxes, milling, reaming,
revolving and other chucks are mounted on power tables. High productivity
multiple position machine tools with rotary index tables hold a sig-
nificant place among modular machine tools. On each of these maachine
tools a number of sequential operations is performed, making it equivalent
to a section of automated line.
~ The Moscow Special Design Bureau of Automated .Lines and Machine Tools
elaborated power tables of type UN451 and rotating index tables of type
UN205 with hydraulic drive, whose production has been assimilated by the
Moscow Plant of Special Machine Tools Spetstanko. These tables are used by
all plants which product modular machine tu~als of inedium and large
dimensions.
The basic technical specifications of power tables of type UN451 are cited
below. The basic dimensions of power table correpond to GOST 21038-75 and
- recommendations of ISO and CMEA, and precision norms correspond to GOST
16461-77.
Size 1 : 3 4 5 E~ 7
Platform widtn,
mm 200 250 320 400 500 630 800
Greatest feed
force (hydraulic ~
pressure 50 kgs/cm2),
kgs 630 1000 1600 2500 4000 6300 10,000
Smallest feed,
mm/min 50 32 20 12.5 8 5 4
Recommended rate of
rapid travel,
m/min 11 . 9 8 7.5 6.5 5.5 4.5
Longest stroke, mm: '
horizontal 400 630 630 1000 1000 1250 1250
vertical 400 630 630 3J 630 630 1000 1000 _
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rux Ur~r~1~lAL U5~ ONLY
l 1 3 4 5 ~ D ~ ~ 10
~ - =~~0
~'i~~ -Q~
d
A-A ~
tt rz u - w r~
~ ~
~ o
Figure 1. Type UN451 Power Table.
Note: When the special hydraulic drive is used, the rate of rapid -
extraction may be 50-80 percent hiqher.
The UN451 power table with hydraulic feed drive is shown in Figure 1. The
platform (5) of the table travels along the plate (6) with rectangular (9)
and prismatic (10) guides. The use of the prismatic guide, although it led
to some increase in labor intensiveness of manufacture ~f the plate
+ (compared to a plate having two rectangvlar guides), did make it possible
to completely eliminate gaps in the guides and avoid the use of a control
wedge.
The non-rectilinearity of table motion is no more than 16-25 microns
(according to the stroke length) for table of normal precision and no more
than 10-16 microns for tables of increased precision.*
The hydraulic feed drive of the power ~able contains a hydraulic cylinder
(14) set in the plate (6), a pump with electric motor and hydraulic panel
mounted on the free-standing hydraulic tank. Electromagnets which move
the slide valves of the hydraulic panels switch on and off during the table
travel on command from contactless end breakers (4), (7) and (8). The
latter are arrange~ on the plate and cycle in reaction to detents (1) set
on the platform (5). The number of end breakers and detents is determined
by the operating cycle of the power table.
In the front part of the plate (6) is set a screw (rigid detent)(11) which
enables one to control the forward position of the platform. The hydraulic
cylinder (14) is attached to the plate (6) and the plunger (14) to the
platform: This method of attachment ensures possible disassembly of the
hydraulic cylinder without taking down the power table. Furthermore, -
- thermal deformations of the hydraulic cylinder are not transmitted to the
power table. Valves (12) and (15) are designed to release air from the
hydraulic cylinder.
*This relates also to power tables with electromechanical feed drive (see
article of R. G. Chaadayev and G. I. Gorelik "Power tables with elec-
tromechanical feed drive", published in this issue of the journal.
36
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' s
~ t ~s~ - s .
I 14 'j ~
~o s
~ ~ o '
13 i
- - ~ - - " ' 7
~ m
- u, ~
lo
~ ~ ) �
~ -
. ~r ~o s e -
Figure 2. Hydraulic feed panel: 1) hydraulic distributor guide unit; 2) -
plate; 3) type 3M22-S320 distributor; 4) type 60Mt-1-100 NVS manometer; 5)
type PG7"1-1 throttle; 6) flow regulatoi- type 2PG55-1 (for hydraulic panels
of first modification); 7 and 8) safety valves type APG52-24 of feed pumps
and rapid travel pumps, respectively; 9) reverse valve type PG51-14; 10)
pressure vale type PG52-24; 11, 12, 13) control distributors type 55BPG73-
11; 14) feed selection valve; 15) hydraulic seal.
The power table guides are lubricated automatically from a central system.
Oil is fed from the lubric.ation stati.on through a flexible hose to the
collector (3) attached to the table platform. The collector is connected
by meters (2) to the lubrication poini:s (amounts ranging from 0.2 to 0.6
cubic centimeters according to table :~ize).
Oil flow control entering the hydraulic cylinder cavity of the power table
is accomplished with the aid of a type [rN74 hydraulic feed panel. Hydraulic
panels of models UN7416 and UN7414 are designed to control power tables
oeprating in a cycle with one working feed. Hydraulic panels UN7426 and
UN7427 are designed to control power table operating in a cycle with two
working feeds. The total consumption of oil for the first and third models
is up to 50, and for the second and fourth models is up to 80 liters per
minute:
~
Each hydraulic panel has two modifications, differing in typf~ of flow
regulator. In hydraulic panels of the first modification, a ty~.e 2PG55-1
flow regulator is used which during operating feed changes the pressure in
the system according to the load on the power table. The hydraulic panels
of the second modification have a type PG55-2 flow regulator which during
operating feed maintains a constant pressure in the system regardless of
the load on the power table. All hydraulic panels are similar in design and
their parts are highly standardized.
37
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r~n ~rrt~te~, U~r. UNLY
Peed hydraulic panels (Figure 2) consist of a set of general hydraulic
apparatus and special devices with clamps making possible rapid re-
placement of any pari:. Special ele:~~ents of the hydraulic panels are the
plate (2), hydraulic distributor y~ide unit (1), hydraulic seal (15) and
Eeed selection valve (14).
Elements ot the hydraulic panel are set on the plate (2), through which
pass the connecting channels. On the rear of the plate are apertures to
which are con~~ected the pipes designed for connection of the hydraulic
panel to the hydraulic cylinder, pump and tank. The hydraulic panel is
attached on the vertical guard of the hydraulic deivice station with four
screws.
A primary dif2:erence in the hydraulic circuit of the type UN74 hydraulic
panels ana the earlier models 5U42 is the incorporation of a hydraulic seal
(variable check valve) between the hydraulic distributors of the panel and
the forward cavity of the feed cylinder. The hydraulic seal isolates the
' ~7ydraulic distributor and thereby eliminates the effect of interna]. leaks
on the intensity of working feed.
Because of the presence of a hydraulic seal, and the sealing of the
_ cylinder piston wi.th V-shaped rubber sealing rings (instead of the earlier
r,ast iron piston rings), fluctuations in wor.king feed do not exceed 5
percent for maximally possible changes in load and temperature.
Re~narch done by the Moscow Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines and
Machine Tools showed that the spread from the selection point of the power
table from rapid approach to working feed at rapid stroke (see technical
description) does not exceed 2 millimeters. Instability of power table
. platform position when stopped on the ~rigid detent (with constant
alignment of the safety valve) does not exceed 0.02 millimeters.
To assure repeated intermediate extractions of the power travel during
wc.~king feed (when drilling deep holes), an additional control device is
installed which conLains two end breakers and a moving working feed detent. _
This mechanism is placed on the right side of the power table; on the left -
- side ~F the stable are placed another two end breakers, one of which is
switched on when the table platform is in initial position, and anoth~r at
a point to which the table travels during intermediate extraction. The end
bre~kers of the additional control device determine the selection point of
the table from rapid approach to working feed and the extreme forward
position of the table (end of treatment).
The basic technical specifications of rotating index tables type UN205 are
cited below. Their basic dimensions correspond to GOST 22439-77 and
precision norms correspond to GOST 16460-77.
38
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z a , 5 6
~ ~ ~ ~ i f . ~ I ~ ~ , e s
~ . _~~r_.'~ F'i ~ ' ,i , ~~~f
~
A � .
~1 ; ; ~~f~
_ `
to
A-A
' 19 \ ~ 1!
1I;
N.' z'
' % I I S
1`�4 i ~ i'~ ~s
/
:e � t /i//; ~6
2~ , ~ i
Ii IJ
21
1S 14 Z~
~ � ' 10 19 1B . 1~T
Figure 3. Rotary index table type UN205
Table model UN2056 UN2057 iJN2058
Faceplate diameter,mm 800;900 1000;1120 1250;1400
Number of positions 2-6;8-10 2-6;8-10 2-6;8-10
_ Itotation time to one
position (seconds, not -
more than) for tables with
number of positions:
2-5: 5.5 6 7.5
6-12: 3.5 3.7 4
Precision of positioning
(angle second~) for tables:
normal precision 14 1,2 g
_ increased precision 8 8 5
Tolerable torque on faceplate
from cutting forces,
- kgs.meter:
clockwise 600 800 1100
counterclockwise 800 1000 1300
Tolerable radial force
applied 200 mm above
faceplate end, kgs 4000 6300 10,000
Greatest weight of jigs
and work set on table,
_ ky 2000 3000 4000
On the housing (1)(Figure 3) of the rotai:ing index table is set a faceplate
" (2) and within it are arranged the rotary drive, locking mechanisms and
39
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- N'UK Ur'r IC IAL USE ONLY
~
i
s' i i ~ . ~ - -
ii_~ u
v
C
_ _ _ _
_ L,i, _J ~~e ro . i .
, -
n ~ r~
~ ~
~ . ~ ` =
_..T-- -
r,
- 4 S
' u - -
,
r
T
M
� ~
Figure 4. Theoretical hydraulic circuit of
' rotating index table
faceplate clamp. The faceplate (2) rotates around an axle (Sj on a
precision double roller bearing (6) with conical opening. The axle (5) has
a central opening for pipes feeding oil to the device set on the faceplate.
The table's hydraulic drive includes a hydraulic motor (26) which rotates
the faceplate, hydraulic cylinders (10) for clamping the faceplate, a
traveling throttle (20), and a pump with electric motor and control
hydraulics placed on a separate hydraulic station.
The rotating table operates in the fol~owing cycle: release of the
faceplate and hydra~~lic relief, rotation of faceplate with braking at end
of stroke, reversal of faceplate and securing to lock, clamping of
faceplate.
The faceplate is released when the hydraulic cylinder pistons are re-
tracted (10). The clamps (7), in reaction to the force of gravity, rotate
- around their axes and release the faceplate. Simultaneously, oil is fed
under pressure from the central lubricatior~ station into grooves on the
annular housing guide to ensure separation of the faceplate from the guide
and create an oil layer between them to reduce torque required to rotate
the faceplate and to prevent guide wear.
The instruction to rotate the faceplate is given by the pressure relay
mounted in the guide r~lief ~ystem. The faceplate is rotated by a
hydraulic motor (26) via a flexible coupling (24), worm gear (30), worm
wheel (29), geared wheel (3) and (4). When approaching the next position, -
40
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the detent )11_ fixed to the faceplate drops a l.ocking pin (13). The rod
(12), whose cleat faces the l.ever (23) set inside the locking pin, clamps
the slide block of the traveling throttle (20).
At first, the inclined grooves of the slide block located on its bottom
smoothly reduce oil feed from the hydraulic motor. When they are
completely closed, the upper groves are opened. Then the lower grooves are
completely overlapped and the oil emerging from the hydraulic motor only
passes through the upper grooves. The slide block is automatically dropped
to the extreme bottom position. The flow rate of oil through the upper
grooves of the slide block (2.5-3.5 liters/minute) assures the necessary
retardation of rotation (smooth retardation) of the faceplate prior to
reversal.
When the locking pin (13) is dropped, the screw (18) switches on the end
breaker (17) which then prepares the instruction for reversal of the
- hydraulic motor (26). When the detent (11), as the faceplate continues to
rotate, releases the locking pin (13), the latter is lifted in reaction to
a spring (14). The end breaker (17) shuts off and relays the signal for the
hydraulic motor (26) to reverse. Oil begins to enter through aperture
(19), and the slide block of the traveling throttle (20) is lifted,
_ releasing the passage of oil to the hydraulic motor through aperture (21).
At the end of the reversal cycle, the detent (11) rotates a cleat (12) �
overcoming the force of the spring (not shown in Figure 3). The screw (15)
acts on the end breaker (16). The latter switches on a time relay whose
delay is adequate to stabilize the clamping force of the working surfaces
of the detent (11) and lock (13). When the time relay cycles, hydraulic
relief of the faceplate is shut off and it is clamped. The clamping of the
- faceplate and the indexing cycle end with the cycling of the clamping
pressure relay which enables the rapid approach of the power packs.
In a rotary ta51e, it is possible for manual rotation of the faceplate
during adjustment. The manual rotation drive consists of a spring-loaded
shaft-wheel (27) with hexagonal aperture for the key and a wheel (25) set -
_ on the sha.ft of the hydraulic motor (26). When the spring is compressed
(28), the shaft-wheel (27) is engaged with the wheel (25), which permits
the faceplate to be rotated.
The cavity (9) is designed for collecting shavings and lubricating fluid
which, using scraper (8) attached to the faceplate, are removed along an
inclined pan into a separate chip drum.
Figure 4 shows the theoretical hydraulic circuit of the rotatina index
table. In the hy9raulic tank (1) is set a dual pump (2) of type 5G12-23A
with feed of 5/25 liter/minute. The pump is controlled by the distributing
hydraulic panel (3) of type MPG53-14. The hydraulic motor (6) is
controlled by the guide hydraulic distributor (4) of type 5U4321 with Em2 -
electromagnet.
41
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rux Urr1l;1NL u5~ UNLY
When the Em2 electromagnet is switched on, oil enters through the check
valve of the stabilizer (5) into the left cavity of the hydraulic motor (6)
and the faceplate is rotated. The rate of rotation is adjusted by the _
throttle (8) set at the outlet of the hydraulic motor. At the end of
rotation, before reversing, the faceplate is braked by the traveling
throttle (7).
When the electromaqnet Em2 is shut off, oil is directed to the right cavity
of the hydraulic motor (6); this reverses the faceplate. The rate of
reversal is determined by the stabilizer (5) placed at the outlet of the
hydraulic motor. The stabilizer contains a several successive diaphragms,
_ whose number may be changed according to the diameter of the faceplet and
moment of inertia of jigs and work set on the faceplate.
In the locked position, the faceplate is clamped by hydraulic cylinders (9)
controlled by the guide hydraulic distributor (11) with electromagnet Eml.
The end of faceplate clamping cycle is monitored by the pressure relay
(10) .
Hydrostatic relief of the faceplate is accomplished from the lubrication
station which also services the cent-ralized lubrication system of the
guide opwer tables and working surfaces of jibgs of the modular machine
tool, which contains a rotating indexing table. For hydrostatic relief of
the faceplate it is necessary to have much less pressure than for operation -
of the lubrication system; thus the lubrication system has a reducing vavle
which lowers pressure to 3-6 kgs/cm2, which is monitored by the pressure
relay. ~
The oil flowing out of the guide ring into the inner cavity of the table
housing is used to lubricate the geared and worm transmissions. Oil returns
to the lubricating station by gravity flow thorugh a mesh filter with
magnetic separator. The dual roller bearing of the central axle is
lubricated by a plastic lubricant when the rotating table is assembled.
A basic advantage of rotating index tables of this design, as compared with
earlier type 5U28, is the increased precision of indexing assured by design
measures and by stabilization of the force of clamping of the detents to
the lock because of the constant rate of reversal. Rotating index tables
make it possible to put together modular machine tools with vertical power -
tables on which the spindle box is mounted. In some cases it is
- advantageous to put together modular machine tools with several power
packs arranged radially. Each pack treats work arranged at one work
position. In this case, especially when treating large work pieces, it
becomes necessary to use rotating index tables with a faceplate of more
than 1400 millimeters in diameter.
The Moscow Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines and Machine Tools
elaborated a design for rotating type of table UN206 with a faceplate of ,
1600 millimeter (model (iN2064) and 2000 millimeter (model UN2065) diameter
faceplate, whose production is being assimilated by the Moscow Plant of
Special Machine Tools Spetstanok.
42
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_ FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
~
6
~ S 4 J 1 1
I \ ~
- ~ \
I j/,
~ -
Figure 5. Type UN206 Rotating Index Table
Type UN206 tables have the same kinematic circuit as type UN205 tables.
Almost all parts of the rotary drive, locking mechanisms and faceplate
clamp are identical in both tables. The difference is that tables of type
UN206 have a second annular guide (2) {Figure 5) and large conical slip
bearing (3) diameter (in UN205 tables, a standard roller bearing is used).
The clearance between the bearing (3) and the faceplate (1) is selected by
polishing expansion pieces (4).
During hydrostatic relief, the faceplate is raised above the guides and a
qap is created between the faceplate and the bearing (3); this reduces the
force necessary to rotate the faceplate. The large bearing permits the
central column (6) to be set on the housing (5). It is possible to put
together machine tools in which are used vertical power packs placed at the
edges of a central column, in addition to radial arrangements of power
~ packs.
Conclusions
1. Type UN451 power tables have the following merits: increased opera-
ting reliability due to the use of contactless end breakers; increased
reparability of tables due to possible disassembly of hydraulic cylinders
without taking down the power table and hydraulic feeder drive because of
modular arrangement of hydraulic control panel to ensure easy change of any
component requiring repair; lack of thermal deformations in heating oil in
the hydraulic system because the hydraulic feed cylinder is attached to the
rear face of the guide plate; increased height of power tables in
conformity with ISO recommendations, i.e., increased rigidity; increased
precision of tables (rectilinearity of motion) with simultaneous eli-
mination of the need for periodic regulation of clearances in the guides
using wedges; 5-6 fold increase in feed stability.
2. Type UN205 rotating index tables have high precision of indexing;
wear of surfaces affecting indexing precision is almost non-existent.
43
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r~c~ urrtt,lew U~~ UNLY
3. Type UN206 rotating index tables expand technological resources of
- modular machine tools; they permit assembly of machine tools with radial
and vertical power pack arrangements in various combinations.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT~ 1979
8617 ~
CSO: 1821
44
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Ml:'CALWOItKING 1~:(1UTI'M~Ii`1'
UDC 621.9.06-112.229.31
POWER TABLES WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL FEEDER DRIVE
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 22-25
fArticle by R. G. Chaadayev and G. I. Gorelik]
(Text] Power tables with electrochemical feeder drive have been
elaborated by the Minsk Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines. Their
production has been assimilated by the Spetstanok Moscow Plant of Special
Machine Tools and the Glukhov Plant of Modular Units. The adopted series
contains six type sizes of power tables.
In modular machine tools and automated lines it is possible to simul-
taneously use power tables with hydraulic and electromechanical feed
drive; they have therefore been made interGhangeable in conformity with
GOST 21038-75. In the design of power tables with electromechanical
driver, it is possible to use spherical helical rollers.
Power tables are standardized units designed for moving a cutter or work at
a working rate of feed and rapid stroke. Motors and clamping jigs holding
work can be set on the tables.
Figure 1 shows an overall arrangement of power tables with electro-
mechanical feed driver; the dimensions are shown in the table. The power
table (1) (see Figure 1) together with the electromechanical feeder (3) and
control detents (2) is an automatic unit.
The basic ~haracteristics of power tables types UYe4532-UYe4537 with
feeders UY4722-UYe4727 and control detents models UYe9531 or UYe9532 are
shown below.
The parameters of the power table, which is a basic standardized unit in
modular machine tools, must ensure performance of various technological
operations with peak productivity. For this purpose, it is possible to
produce stable values of working feeds within wide limits, various cycles
of table platform movement, adequate rate of rapid stroke, high geometric
precision of motion and reliability.
45
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~ G, 15
3 Q
6
1 f.
Z ~ ~ _ ~
p /
-
Byd6
~ m a
c ~
~ Fiyure 1. Basic dimensions of power tables with electrome-
chanical feeder drive
IlpncocA~iunren~diuc pa~Mi�p~+. M~~
. 7xn tTOna I MoAea~ I ' I I ~ I I ~ I 7 I I ' I I I I q
R H H !I L L L L~ L <
Y1:45:1: 12. ;S~ ~50 I'!GO I 250 I:97 I 9~Q ( SOU I 400 ( 457 I 2':0 I;415 I 1~0 ( M2M1icl,b I I
I O.t. 13. ' t. :5:1 I
0~. 12. 9a0 250
YF.Ib31 OS. 13. '!:1. :4;1 ~'?0 300 280 ?90 IONO GJO 400 157 220 S80 130 M~OX I.:i 2
04. 14. 2�1. :S{ 1310 G30
02, 12. :1n I100 �50
YGI5J4 03. 11. ~1:1 4U0 400 320 :)50 12~i0 800 4U0 57G ?70 460 IG5 M3yX1.5 2
04, 14; 'l~. 34 1480 630
1300 250
~ 0'S. 13. ~!1. id 1�150 400 ~ ~
YF�.~595 04, Ia, 2�1. :{~1 ~00 450 ~GO 370 ~fiRO G30 ~7~ 270 560 160 M36X1,~ ~
05. ~5. ':5. S5 ^O50 1000
0~:, 12. ?Y. 3? 1700 400
630 540 M100 410 ~ 930 I 250 Ei30 G50 290 690 200 M39X I.5 2
_ Yfi~S:lfi U4, t4, ?4. Sa 2300 1000
O5, I5, 25, :f5 2550 1250
i
0?, 12. 29. 1^ 1850 400
O:S, I3. '!3. ~1~1 p00 560 450 q~p '~OAO ~ 630 fi35 ^_95 BGO ?00 M48X1.5 ^
Yf:455; 0-1. 14. _'1, ;1.1 ' 450 1000
OS. I5, :S. :SS 2700 1850
Both power tables of the range and their feeder drives have been
_ constructed according to a single design scheme.
The lead screw (1)(Figure 2) is set in the housing (4) on four radial ball
bearings. Axial loads on the screw are absorbed by thrust bearings which
~ 46
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are retracted by a nut (10). A geared wheel (2) is placed in cantilevered
fashion on the lead screw and the former engages the output wheel of the
feeder drive.
Table type UYe4532 UYe4533 UYe4534 UYe4535 UYe 4536 UYe4537
Guide width,
mm 250 320 400 500 630 800
Maximum feed force,
kgs 1000 1600 2500 4000 6300 10,000
Maximum output of feeder drive electric
motor, kW 1.5 3 5.5 11 18.5 30
Working feed,
mm/min 22.2-850 20.9-1020 9.1-810 8.4-700 7.5-845 7.3-815
Working feeds per
cycle ~ 1 1 1;2 1;2 1;2 1;2
Rate of rapid stroke,
- m/min 7 7 6 6 5 5
Feeder motor:
type: 4AA5684U3 DPT22-4-C2 4AKh~0A4U3
output, kW: 0.18 ' 0.55 1.1
rpms: 1370 1400 1400
rast stroke motor:
type: DPT22-2-C2 4AKh80V4U3 aA100S4U3
output, kW~ 0.75 1.5 3
rpms: 2850 1400 1425
Table travel, mm: 250;400 250;400; 250;400; 250;400; 400;630; 400;630;
630 630 630;1000 1000;1250 1000;
1250
Length of table with feed drive and control
detents, rt~m 1260;1410 1390;1540; 1680;1~30; 1880;2020; 2330;2560;
1770 2060 1160;1630; 1930;3180;
2485;2715;
3085;3335
Weight, kg 245;262 388;423; 630;665; 910;945; 1412;1530;
468 725 1910;1105 1613;1778
2002;2113;
2880;2408
Note. To ensure two working feeds, the electric motor for working feed is
replaced by a two-speed one of the same size.
The lead nut (6) is rigidly.attached to the rear recess of the platform (7)
of the table by pins (5) and screws. When the lead screw rotates, the
platform travels along the guide plate (9). On the housing (4) is mounted
a ring (3) which serves as a centering flange for the feed drive. With long
table travel and consequently, long travel of the lead scrEw, bronze
bushings (8) are placed in the intermediate ribs of the platform; these
limit overhang of the cantilevered end of the screw. On the lead rig of the
platform there is a steel abutment which, in the event of the need for
precision stopping of the glatform in forward motion, rests on the rigid
detent screw. The lead screw is advanced coaxially with the lead nut by '
47
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_ ~ .,.,a. virLl
means of expansion pieces (11). After testing coaxial alignment, the
housing (4) is attached to the guide plate (9} with two cylindrical Nin:; -
(12) .
` J ....1 ~ J 6 1 8
_-r} `
. ~
~ �g
~ -
~
g
6--! !1 12 6=6 aud A '
+ 1" ~
_ o
.
- , i
~
r~
Figure 2. Power table with electromechanical feed drive.
The base parts of the table with electromechanical feed drive have one
- plane and one prismatic guide, identical in size, shape and position with
the guides of base parts of power tables with hydraulic feed drive.
_ The feed drive of the power table is attached to the rear end of the guide
- plate, while centering it in ring (3). It is a reducer with cylindrical
gears with two electric motors, one of which moves the table platform at
working feed, while the other is for rapid stroke.
The electric motor (5) (Figure 2) of working feed transmits movement via
- six pairs of gears (situated in shafts VIII-IV) to a spline bushing seated
on point bearinqs on shaft III. On it is installated an electromagnetic
coupling whose outer discs are engaged with a strap (1) rigidly fastened to
the shaft III. When the electromagnetic coupling is switched on, the
bushing rotates the shaft III and then through the gear pair rotates shaft
II with the output drive gear. The guide screw (shaft I), being rotated by
the motor, moves the platform at working feed velocity, adjusted to the
external size by replaceable gears (6) positioned under the cover. To
replace them, it is not necessary to take down the drive. The range of
control of working feeds adjusted by these gears equals 8.
In the feed drive, the gears (3) and (4) installed during assembly are ~
replaceable. They det~rmine the modification of the drive in terms of feed
velocity. Each drive has three modifications of feed velocity: O1--low
feed; 02--average feed; 03--high feed. Practice of planning and debugging
modular machine tools has shown that in most cases the adjustment of
necessary working feed velocity by replaceable gears totally justifies
~ 48
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itself.
5 6 ~ B
1 ---r~-
` ~ ~ L~r`--- _
.I. ` ; ~ i'===~_~ I ; .
~ ~ ~ ~ = ~
! 'J,r~t =f--1 ; ~ ~I - ~ I
I i' I.1 ~ i I � ,
; ~ _ _ ; L ~ - ! _
! ; ;
i I ~ ~ , ~ ~ ` . I
~ i ( ~ ! I i ~ _
j t ~ Ib='i~ ~ ~
. 1r-~ ~ -
, ~ ~ r ! I t j I , f
. , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \
~ - ~ ~
G~ v_n ff v lv I!
l ~I
4 a z i - +
~ I
Figure 3. Presentation of electromechanical drive
for power table feed.
On shaft V of the feed drive is placed a friction safety clutch (2) to
adjust the amount of feeding force on the guide screw, permitting the power
table to operate at the rigid detent. The momentum imparted by the clutch
is regulated, if necessary, by screw (7) placed under the replaceable gear
cover.
From the rapid stroke electric motor (8), motion is transmitted to the
table platform via a gear pair, shaft II, output drive gear and guide
screw. The direction of platform motion is changed by reversing the
electric motor (8) when the electromagnetid coupling is disconnected. The
latter is swi:ched on after switching off the electric motor (8) so that
the kinematic circuit of working feed damps the inertia of the flywheel
masses of the electric motor rotor and the rapid stroke circuit.
In the operating cycle of tables of types UYe4534-UYe4537, it is possible
to accomplish two feeds. In this case, instead of a one-speed electric
motor of warking feeds, a two-speed motor is used; the second feed is 1/2
the first. When the feed rate must be double or it is necessary to have
several working reeds in a cycle, a d.c. electric motor or hydraulic motor
(in the latter case a special reducing gear is required) is placed in the
drive instead of an asynchronous working feed electric motor.
Control detents (2)(see Figure 1) have a standard design for all tables in
the series. By controlling the table stroke, they assure the required
operating cycle of che latter. Spacing cams of the detents with aluminum
blades enter into slits of the contactless end breakers type BVK, fixed
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~ va� v~ a ~.vi~u-, v~/L VL'1LL
solidly, when the table is in motion. Commands go from the BVK to the
machine tool's electric cabinet, and thence to the motors and clutch of the
feed drive.
The following operating cycles of tables are most commonly used: a cycle
with one working feed (rapid approach--working Eeed-rapid extraction); a
cyclie with two working feeds (rapid approach--first working feed--second
working feed--rapid extraction). In the first case, three BVKs are used,
in the second case--four. In both cases work ca~ be done with a delay at
the rigid detent and the backstroke of the table to the extreme rear
position (position of cutter replacement). In more complex cycles of table
operation (with intermediate extractions in deep drilling, with travel.,
etc.) it is necessary to install additional traveling selectors or special
' control detents.
The electrical equipment is completely assembled on the power table. Leads
run from the control detents, electric motors, electromagnetic coupling
down into a box with plug connector attached to the feed drive. When
assembling or disassembling the table on the machine tool, it is only
necessary to disconnect or pull out the plug connector without oisturbing
electrical connections.
The table guides and the screw-nut pair are force lubricated from khe
lubrication station. With a pressure pulse every 15-30 minutes (according
to the length of the table's work cycle) , dosers feeds a specific amount of
oil into the lubrication points. The feed drive is lubricated by spraying.
'~he bearing unit of the guide screw is filled with plastic lubricant.
Power table types UYe4532-UYe4537 with feed drive models UYe4722-UYe4727
are planned on the basis of ogerating experience of series UM power tables.
Prototypes of power tables with electromechanical drives of the unified
range of standard subassemblies were manufactured and tested at the Minsk
' Plant of Automated L'_nes. In the tests they checked out the basic
precision parameters of the tables: selection from rapid stroke to working
feed, ending working feed with cycling of the traveling selector, stop at
the rigid detent. These data confirmed that the power tables of types
UYe4532-UYe4537 completely satisfy the modern requirementS of modular
machine tool construction.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT~ 1979
8617 -
CS0:1821
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METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
UDC 621.9.06-112-229.2:62-233.1
MULTI-SPINDLE BOXES OF UNIFIED SERIES UNYE-3100
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 5, 1979 pp 25-27
[Article by V. M. Lobusev, Ye. S. Tukayev and A. Ya. Frenkel']
[Text] In modular machine tools and automated lines, multi-arbor boxes are
;aidely used to perform operations of drilling, countersinking, scrolling,
reaming, rolling, routing and thread cutting.
Each modular machine tool is planned to treat a specific piece of work;
thus the number of arbors, their rate of rotation and intercenter distances -
beteen *.hem, as well as the diameters and types of cutters, is virtually
unlimited. This is a substantial hindrance to tl~e creation of a completely
unified spindle box.
The problem is resolved by using unified elements and subassemblies, from
which it is possible to put together spindle boxes for treatment of various
pieces of work. The basic unified elements of multi-arbor boxs are related
to housing parts, arbors, intermediate shafts, gears, drives, e.lectric
brakes, thread cutting tail spindles and lubrication devices. -
Based on analysis of the design of spindle boxes of domestic production and
operating experience, as well as a study of the experience of several
foreign companies by the Minsk Special Design Bureau of Automated Lines,
unified etements of spindle boxes series UNYe3100 was developed.
Spindle boxes of a unified series (Figure 1) have significant advantages
over earlier units of similar purpose. The precision of output parameters -
of the arbors in assembly (radial play and mutual parallelism) is 35
percent high on the average. This was achieved by making tolerances
stricter on the manfuacture of arbors, housings and detent flanges; by the
use of radial ball bearings of the fifth class of precision set into clear
openings of the housing (which permits fine reaming from one side without
rebasing the housing); and by elimination of the thread as a tie component _
of the ball bearings. -
The use of double bll bearings assures greater durability of support of the
arbor and doubles its rigidity. Because of a change in design of the
S1
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housing, the rear plate and the front cover, the rigidity of the spindle
box was increased by a factor of 1.4-1.6 with an increase in weight of 20
percent. -
Mechanical treatment of all external surfaces of housing parts permits
thread cutting tail spizdles, conductor plates, lunettes and other
auxiliary components to be installed without using special casting and
~ improves the outward ~ppearance of th~ item. The spindle box is symmetric
on two axes and can be rotated '0�; this makes it possible to select its
- optimum size and improve the ov~rall arrangement of the machine tool.
- The use of variable arbor projections makes it possi~le to reduce to or~e
tenth the n~~mber of variat~le bushings (mandrels), whose durability is 1/3 _
to 1/5 c� that of the arbor. The fitting diameters for the cutter. meet
inter~~ational standards.
- Electric couplings in the drives eliminate the effect of assembly accuracy .
of the electric motor on the precision parameters of the spindle box;
because of the absence of radial and axial loads on the electric motor
shaft, the service life ot the latter is increased.
Unification of components of spindle boxes makes it possible to have
- cooperation between the manufacturing plants, increase technical and
economic effectivness of the manufacture of parts in large lots, facili-
tates the operation and repair at user plants; this is very important for
such high productivity equipment as modular machine tools and automated
lines.
The system of component unification of the spindle box permits a reudction
in planning labor intensivess with a signficant improvement of quality
because of the use of computers; they perform geometric and power
calculations of the design, sketch the overall appearance, print out the
ac;,ompanying technical specifications and produce ~~nched tape for machine
tools with ChPU which tr~at housing parts of the spindle boxes.
T~chnical Specifications -
Number of arbors 1-SO
Maximum arbor projection 80-260 -
Diar.;eter of fitting openings in arbors
for v~:iable bushings (mandrel:~), mm 14;16;20; 25; 26; 28; 36; 44;
48; 60; 80
Arbor rpm 10-3000 ~
Size of box (wihout arbor) , mm:
~ thickness L 375-395
, breadth B 400-1600
height 360-1250 _
Maximum box weight, kg 2800
Motor output, kW 1.1-30
. ~
52
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- There are two modifications of the boxes--horizontal and vertical, which
have different lubrication systems. The series UNYe-3100 contains 23 type
sizes of spindle boxes with dimensions from 360 x 400 up to 1250 x 1250
millimeters (GOST 22586-77) and thickness of 375 millimeters. If it is
necessary to attach conductor plates, lunettes, etc. to the front end of
the spindle box, instead of the Eront cover 90 millimeters thick is placed
a mc~re riyic] cear E~Late 110 millimeters thick. In this case, the thickncs:;
of the spindle box is 395 millimeters.
The size of the spindle box is mainly determined by the position of arbors
and the minimum distance from the arbor to the side wall of the housing,
necesary to install ~~he gears and arbor supports.
i
_ _I~ ,
-1 ~ -
1 2 Q) 3 1 6) -
- Figure 2. Installation of spindle box on power table: a) using gasket
plate; b) using detent bracket. -
Spindle boxes of series UNYe-3100 are mounted (Figure 2) on standardized
power table s(1) and attached with either a detent bracket (3) or directly
- to the table using a gasket plate (2).
The size of the detent bracket (GOST 22585-77) corresponds to the size of
the power table. But if needec7, a smaller detent bracket can be installed
on the power table. Below are cited the data of applicability of spindle
~ boxes as a function of the type sizes of the power table and detent
- brackets.
Type size of power table (detent
bracket) 2 3 4 5 6 ,
Size of spindle
box (HXB), mm:
minimum 360x400 360x400 450x500 SOOx630 630x800 800x1000
maximur.~ 400x500 500x800 630x1000 800x1250 1000x 1250x
1600 1250
Number of type sizes of spindle
boxes mounted on power table
2 6 9 12 12 9
The maximum number of type sizes of ~pindle boxes can be installed on
tables of type sizes 5 and 6 used most commonly.
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rvn vrr l~lrw uoc V1VLT
The applicability is determined on the basis of requirements of maximum
- rigity of the spindle box/detent bracket system in order to eliminate
overturning momentum (which occurs in reaction to the weight of the spindle
box) and total bending moment (which occurs in reaction to axial cutting
loads), which have a negative effect on table operation.
I~ I I I xs
n a , -
_ _
- .14
~ -
-
/ ~ � % � ~ lj
% / -I!. / _ . J~r.
- " - ~.JZt-�^~ 1~ /1
- - - - - - ~ _ . . _~'''`L"' - - -
I
~ ~'.irTy';r`.�_
~ ~p
'c
i /
~ \
' % ~ 9
_
~ ~ ~ ~ -
~
~ 1 3 f S 6~
Figure 3. Drilling spindle box.
I'igure 3 depicts a standard drilling spindle box of series UNYe-3100. The
set of cast parts of the spind].e box of each type size includes a rear plate
(2), by means of which the box is attached to the connecting flange of the
detent bracket (1) ; a ho~~sing (151 which carries su~ports of the arbors and
intermediate shafts; a front cover (7) which serves as a reservoir for
lubricating vertical spindle boxes and a cover (3) which seals the assembly
windows of the housing.
In the box housing are mounted the arbors (13), intermediate shafts (10),
drive shaft (6) of the pump and a shaft (14) for manual rotation of the
arbors. With large projections or diameters, the arbors are mounted in
� bushings (11).
The blade pump (8) lubricator is mounted on the front cover (with piping
outside the housing) or in the housing under the front cover (with piping
inside the housing). In the latter case, in the front covers of large boxes
a window is cut (covered by a special cover) which makes it possible to ~
change the lubricant pump without taking apart the heavy front cover.
The arbors and intermediate shafts are locke~3 in the axial direction by
stoppers and expansion rings. The arbors are mounted on radial ball
54
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. I
' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
/ ;
% : ~ 4
. _
� i; ' ~ _
~ , . . � ~:.r:c�:s:~~:
.
j'/
� S _ ~ ~"i: 'i1AY1~ .
~ � r~.r". ...~L
~~,R.:,1~
~Qf.:::]14:~ B' li~ii'vi~""";J
_ ~a ~ i
. T ~
~ 3
- - j'tt-- - - - - -
~ - - - ~
� _1 ~ - \6, 7 Q 1
\ r. ~
~
~ 4�--. _
~ \
-
Figure 4. Thread cutting spindle box.
- bearings (5). The thrust bearing (12) absorbs axial loads. The in-
- termediate shafts are mounted on radial ball bearings.
Rotation is transmitted from the electric motor (17) to the arbor through
an elastic coupl.ing (16). The required rate of rotation of arbors is
assured by a system of gears (4) mounted in four rows (I, II, III and IV).
The gears (9) (row I) placed~under the front cover can serve as replaceable
gears if it is necessary to change the rate of arbor rotation.
Each spindle box has a sealed circulation lubricating.system consisting of ~
a pump, inlet and pressurized pipelines, oil distributor, discharge tube
- and chute. The reservoir is the housing of the spindle box.
Oil is gravity fed from the chut into the gears of rows II and III.
- In contrast to spindle boxes, the vertical model has a chuteless
- luk~rication system and all the oil flow from the oil dzstributor is
directed to row IV of the gears, whence by gravity it flows to the other
gears and bearings.
In the lubrication system of thread utting spindle boxes, a reversable type
pump and oil distributor with exterior oil tap to the electromagnetic brake
coupling is mounted; the oil is gravity fed back to the spindle box. The
cover of the oil distributor is made of a transparent organic class which
makes it possible to use the oil distributor as an indicator of operation
of the lubrication system. The folloiwng oils are used for lubrication: I-
30A, I-40A, I-50A (GOST 20799-75).
55
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~
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L va~ VL ~ 1v~.~aL vuu ~/L\La
Standardized spindles have kwo diameters series of fitting holes for the
variable bushings (mandrels) in conformity with GOST 13876-76 and a
- variable projection.
An element which determines the minimally permissible intercenter distance
between the arbors (see table) is the radial ball bearing. The thickness
of the baffle in the housing wall between the two bearings must be at least
three millimeters. When planning a spindle box it is necessary to consider
the number. of openings and their juxtap~sition as well as the minimally
permissible th;ckness of walls so that total axial force on the housing is
not critical.
When working under conditions of abundant ~ooling of the cutter, the
spindle ~~oxes require protection against the entry of cutting fluids.
Protection is provided by contact or contactless labyrinth gaskets,
screening or cut-off by compressed air.
In spindle boxes of series UNYe-3100, gear wheels of the sixth (at circular
velocities over 6 meters per second) and seventh degree of precision with
polished teeth are used. The width of the gear hub is constant and equals
40 millimeters, the width of the gear rim depends on the modulus. Thus a -
gear with modulo 2 and 2.5 millimeters has a rim width of 25 millimeters;
with modulo 3, 4 and 5 millimeters--a rim width of 32 millimeters. The
minimum number of teeth is 17, the maximum 80.
In the design of the spindle box it is possible to build in several
auxiliary mechanisms: to monitor torque on the arbor (to protect the cutter
_ against breakage), to adjust and lock the arbor in a desired position, to
increase or reduce feed of individual (as a rule one or two) arbors with
respect to feed of the entire spindle box.
tndividual unified elements of the spindle boxes of series UNYe-3100 can be
used successfully in�plunning drives of reaming chucks of original design.
Thread cutting spindle boxes are a modification of drilling spindle boxes.
The constant working feed per rotation of the screw tap is achieved by
using individual copying nuts for each thread cutter.
The thread cutting spindle boxes can be stationary; such horizontal boxes
are mounted, as a rule, on side platform beds, while vertical models are
mounted on bases.
~.~e thread cutting box (Figure 4), in contrast to the drilling one, has an
attachment (2) with thread cutting tail spindles (7) mounted on the front
cover of the box on rods (4); a mechanism (8) which controls the thread
cutting cycle and is mounted on the front cover, rear plate or side wall of
the housinq; and an electric brake (5) with electromagnetic coupling.
After being rotated by the shaft (6), the arbor (3) travels along the
copying nut (1) which has the spacing of the thread to be cut. A spring
(not shown in Figure 4) compensates for misalignment of spacing (within
56
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manufacturer's tolerances) of the copying nut and screw tap.
Spindle boxes of the unified series UNYe-3100 manuEactured by the
Stankoagregat Plant (Moscow) and delivered by cooperation of several
machine tool construction plants, have been awarded the State Seal of
Quality. -
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT, 1979
8617
CS0:1821
57
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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� vi~ VL' a' ~.~.1t~L UJL' VLVLL .
METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
IiIS'TORY aF F1VL-YEAR 1'LANS FOR MACHINE TOOL AND TOOL BUILDING -
Moscow STAtdK? I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 6, Jun 79 pp 1-3
[Article: "The Victorious Path ~f Our Five-Year Plans")
[Text] At the end of April 1979, the SOth Anniversary of the approval of
the First Five-Year Plan for Development of the National Economy of the
USSR by the 16t~z Confer.~nce of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks,
and in May, approval of the Fifth Ali-Unton Congress of the Soviets.
In the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the 50th
Anniversary of the First Five-Year Plan for Development of the National
Economy of the USSR" the magnitude and significance of the socialist five-
year plans with which the enormous achievements of our country have been
continuously connected in all branches of economic and cultural development,
are clearly revealed and analyzed.
rifly years ago, the heroic struggle of the Soviet peoples for implementa-
tion of the I'irst Five-Year Plan, which played a prominent role in the _
realization of Lenin's Program for the building of socialism in the Soviet
Union, developed in the direction of the Communist Party.
The realization of the First Five-Year Plan insured the creation of a strong
material base for the building of the socialist society. The successful
execution of the First Five-Year Flan dashed the hopes of the imperialist
reaction to see the Soviet Union fail economically.
The outstanding historical significance of the First Five-Year Plan also
consists in the fact that it was the beginning of the application of five-
year assignments in the basic form of economic planning, and it converted
them to the large organizing and nobilizing force of the building of
, communism, in the matter of proving the superiority of socialist methods
of economic management over cagitalist methods.
Successively carrying out the f ive-year plans for the development of the
nattonal economy, thr Soviet people, under the leader.sliip of. the Communisl
~Party, insured unheard-of rates of economic and social conversion and the
growth of power of our country.
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In Cfu~ tl~rec~ lncantple~Cu prew,tr l::lv~~-year ~ilanb our pec>plc~ cc~mpletecl l~l~e
feat of industrialization of the country and collectivization of agriculture,
it insured its defensive capacity, providing a strong, material-technical
base for our victory in World War II. The epagee of the postwar restora-
tion and development o� the national economy augmented this feat.
Ttie scales of the construction increased especially in the phase of making
the transition to the developed socialism and under the conditions of
developed socialism. A powerful economic and scientific-technical potential
for mature socialism was creuted in ttie country. The volume of industrial
production in the Soviet Union presently exceeds the 1928 level by 128 time.s.
The core of ~he economic policy of the CPSU is insurance of a stable,
balanced development of heavy industry the foundation of the economy. In
1978 the production of ineans of production in industry (group A) had
increased by 272 times by comparison with 1928.
Thanks to the planned use of the advantages of the socialist economic sys-
tem in the USSR, historically unheard-of rates of development of industrial
production were achieved. In the last l0.years the volume of industrial
production in the USSR was doubled. At the same time Great Britain required
- 29 years to double its production, the Federal Republic of Germany, 18 years,
France 17 years, and the United States 16 years.
On ttie eve of the first five-year planning period, the country had 24 million
scattered peasant businesses equipped with a primitive inventory. At the
present time the agriculture of the USSR is a large, mechanized production
facility in which the processes of specialization and concentration based
on intereconomic cooperation and agroindustrial integration are taking
place actively.
_ The first five-year planning period opened up the broadest space for realiza-
tion of the cultural revolution. Today complete middle education of the
youth is realized. Every fourth scientif ic worker and every third doctor
- on our planet are citizens of the Soviet Union. A Soviet man was the first
in the world to penetrate outer space.
The Soviet five-year planning periods are also plans for the social progress
of our country. They serve in the achievement of the highest goal of the
socialist social production the most complete satisfaction of the
material and spiritual needs of the pe~ple. Using the advantages of the
centralized planning, the socialist society eliminated unemployment in
the First Five-Year Plan while tens of millions of workers in capitalist
countries are continuing to suffer fro�n unemployment.
From five-year period to five-year period, the actual income of the popu-
lation, the payments and advantages fr~~m the social funds, the retail
commodity turnover of the state and cooperative trade are growing; national
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education and public health are developing continuously, the living and
working conditions of the Soviet people are improving. One of the most
important social problems the housing problem -Is being solved success-
_ fully. In the country about ll0 million square meters oF living sp~zcc~ arcr
put into operation every year; 11 million citizens have been moved to new
apartments or they are improving their own housing conditions. The apartment
charge has remained unchanged for a half century.
An important and ever-increasing role in t}ie standard of. living of thc
Soviet people is being played by the social consumer funds. The payments
from these funds amounted to 105.5 billion rubles in 1978 as opposed to
- 90.1 billion rubles in 1975. At the present time the Soviet Union occupies
f.irst place in the world with respect to support of the population with
medical ~;ersannel. Last year Sl million people took rests G~ the sanatorium
and hEaJ.th resort facilities, rest houses and tourist bases.
The Communist Party, developing and realizing the Leninist plan of industrial-
ization and development of heavy industry, solidly aiid consistently has
- followed a course to thP creation of a powerful base for Soviet n~u~.tibranch
machine building. The 14t~ Congress of the A11-Union Communist 't'arty of
Bolsheviks adopted exceptionally important resolut3.ons in December 1925
defining the general development of Soviet machine building industry. In
accordance with the goals stated at tY~e Congress, the USSR was to be con-
vertc~cl from the country which imported machines and equipment to a country
tltat produces them in an amount which would permit us not to depend on the
capitalist world economy.
lluring ttie years of the First Five-Year Plan, the mean annual growth rates
of gross production with respect to industry as a whole were 19.2%; with
respec,: to machine building and metal working Che rates were 41.3%.
Branclies of machine building which have not existed before arose in the
country. These included tractor builcling, automobile construction, machine
tool building, agricul~ural, chemical, mining and metallurgical machine
building, and the aviation industry.
The process of the growth of the capacities of Soviet machine building
continued at accelerated rates also in the Second Five-Year planning period.
The gross production of the branch inereased by 2.8 times during these
years.
The f irst years of �urk by the Third Five-Year Plan noticeably advanced
machine buildin~. Its production incre.ased by almost 1.8 times in 1940
as opposed to 1937. The Soviet machine building advanced to first place
in ~urope and to second in the world. The far-sightedness of the policy
of the Communist Party played an excepr_ional role in the preparation of
our industry ior the conditions of war time. The high level of development
of machine building during the years of the girst.five~year ~lanning
periods made it possible quickly to assimilate and persistently build up
the production of materiel and ammunition.
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In accordance with the requirements of the national economy, even in the
subsequent five-year periods machine building developed and is developing
at leading rates. The fixed industrial-production capital of machine
building and metal working at the beginning of the Tenth Five-Year Plan
amounted to more than 25% of the value of the capital of the entire country.
In solving the problems stated by the 25th Congress of the CPSU with
respect to ttie growth of the productivity of labor in the national economy,
_ i.mprovement of tlie efticiency of social production and acceleration of
scientific and technical progress, the role of machine building will per-
sistently increase.
Tl~e development of the machine tool building and tool industry is organically
connected with the development of Soviet machine building in accordance
with the f ive-year plans. From the First Five-Year Plan to the present
time the scientific aid technical progress in machine tool building has
been determined by the development of machine building production, improve-
ment of the metal working processes, raising of the technical level of
mactiine building production.
The collectives of the enterprises and organizations of the machine tool
building and tool industry, widely celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the
First Five-Year Plan for Development of the ~iational Economy of the USSR,
are simultaneously celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the creation of
Soviet machine tool building as an independent branch. In June 1929 the
Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR decided to organize the State Trust
- for Medium Machine Tool Building, which established the beginning of the
formation and development of the si~ecialized production of inetal cutting
mactiine tools.
'1'I~e C;unununist Party and the Soviet Government have given a great deal of
attention to ttie development of machine tool building, the design and con-
struction of machine tool building and plants, and the training of special-
ists. ror the training of the designers, technologists and researchers,
the Moscow Machine Tool and Tool Institute was created, the machine tool
building departments were organized under the ~iVTU imeni N. E. Bauman and
ttie Leningrad Polytechnical Institute imeni M. I. Kalinin.
In 1933, the Experimental Scientific Research Institute of Metal Cutting
Machines (ENIMS) was built. The ENIMS has priority in the creation of
' theoretically new processes and equipment; all phases of technical pro~ress
- of Soviet machine tool building are connected with its activity.
During the years of the First Five-Xear Plan, the Moscow Machine Tool
Building Plant imeni Sergo Ordzhonikidze, the Gor'kiy Milling Machine Plant,
- the Moscow Kalibr Tool Plant, i~foscow Frezer Cutting Tool Plant imeni
M. I. Kalinin were introduced into operation.
lluring the years of the Second and Third Five-Year Plans, machine tool build- -
ing proceeded with the assimilation and production of special and specialized
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machine tools rec~uired by the developing branches of m~.chine building.
During this period, the Khar'kov Machine Tool Building Plant imeni
S. V. Kosior, the Kiev Automatic Machine Tool Plant imeni M. Gor'kiy, the
Saratov Plant for Heavy Gear Cutting Machines, and so on went into opera-
tion. In.1939 Che Kramatorsk Heavy Machine Tool Building Plant imeni
V. Ya. Chubar' was put into operation.
In tlie prewar period of development of Soviet mact~ine tool building, tlie
types and sizes of all forms of universal machine toals were expanded, and
the production of special Machine tools was assimilated. The production
of large machine tools and the first unit machines was started. The unit
machines served as the basis for the subsequent creation of automatic
machine tool tines.
Beginning with the first year of World War II, machine tool building was
converted to the filling of the orders of the military industry and the
production of machine tools for the def~nse branches. During the war years
large machine tool building enterprises were organized on the basis of
the plants evacuated to the eastern regions of the country, and the new
plants were also built.
In the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the production of large, heavy and unique
machine tools developed. The production of vertical lathes for machining
products with diameters to 16,000 mm, gear-milling machines with ma.chining
diameter to 5,000 mm, screw-cutting lathes with machining diameter to
4000 mm and spacing between centers to 30,000 mm, and so on was mastered.
This period was also characterized by the development of the production of
automatic lines.
The creation of complex automated proc'uction of automobile pistons was a
great technical achievement. Another important step in the technical
development was the wo~K with respect to creating the complex automated
shop at the GPZ-1 for the production c~f ballbearings and roller bearings
with a total number of 1.5 million per year. All the machining operations,
the monitoring, assembly, anticorrosion treatment and packing operations
were automated.
During the postwar years the large machine tool building centers were
created in the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Belorussian SSR, the Georgian
SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Armenian SSR. At the present time the Soviet
machine tool and tool industry includes specialized enterprises for the
production of inetal cutting machines, automatic and semiautomatic lines
for machine building, forging and pressing and casting equipment and also
equipment for the woodworking industry. The branch also includes plants
for the production of inetal working tools, abrasive and diamond tools.
In 3 years of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, 707,000 metal cutting machines and
161,700 forging and pressing machines were built. In tl~e overall produc-
tion of inetal working equipment, the proportion of forging and pressing
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machines is increasing. This corresponds to the trend in the development
of machine building tectinology. Thus, i.n 1978 the proportion was 19% as
opposed ro 15.6% i?i 19f~5.
Tt~e most characteristic feature of scientific and technical progress in tlie
- field of creating new types of machines, machine tools and equipment (along
- with increasing their productivity, precision and reliability) is a higher
level of automation of control of the basic mechanisms, the production
processes and quality of manufacture. The types and sizes of automated
equipment are growing from year to year. In ttiis respect, a'i:road transition
to the creation and the production of inetal working equipment ~aith digital
programmed control is charactE~ristic. Thus, in 1978, 7300 machine tools
with digital programmed control were manufactured as opposed to 1588 in
1970.
During the 1970-1978 period, the national economy also included more than
40,000 machine tools with digital programmed control, among which the pro-
portion of multiple-tool machine tools with devices for automatic tool
changing is increasing. The rates of production of machine tools with digi-
tal programmed control will also increase in subsequent years. Machine
tools with small electronic digital programmed control systems are finding
broad application. Operations are continuing with respect to the creation
of complexes of hifih-output metal-working equipment controlled from computers.
Beginning with the problems stated for machine building by the 25th Congress
of the CPSU in the area of increasing the productivity of labor and increas-
ing the production efficiency, the collectives of the enter~rises and
organizations of our branch must work still more purposefully on creating
a broad nomenclature of the most improved, automated equipment. By the
end of the current five-year period, it will be necessary to ;.nc.rease the
production of automatic and semiautomatic lines by 1.7 times, special and
unit machines by approximately 1.5 times, forging and pressing automatic
machines and presses with feed and receiving mechanisms by 2 times by
comparison with 1975. It is also necessary to expand the output of forging
and pressing and casting machines with programmed control.
In tiie area of casting machine building, new sets of machines have been
built for special methods of casting and for automated flask and flaskless
forming lines, lines for manli�~cturing cores, machines for the preparation
and distribution of mixes based on ucw '�-inders, and so on.
Important technical problems are being solved by the branch with respect to
the production equipment for the woodworking industry. By the end of the
five-year planning period, the production of woodworking equipment will
increase by more than 1.5 times by comparison with 1975. In this case the
proportion of automated equipment in the overall production volume will
be 31% in 1980 as opposed to 14.2% in 1975. -
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Important goals have been set in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for the enter-
prises and organizations of the tool ind ustry. Tool production is expand-
ing witti the application of natural and synthetic diamonds and other super-
hard materials and alloys; a large nomenclature of high-precision tools,
tools for automatic lines and for machine tools with dig~ta.l programmcd
r.ontrol liave been assimilated, Thc~ procluction of t~ols with n~nreshar~,cn-
able hard-alloy tips is to be increased by 3.8 timcs by the end of thc
five-year period by comparison witli 1975. Its proportion in the overall
production of hard-alloy tools will increase to 44-45% in 1980 as opposed
to 15.6% in 1975. The production of cutting tools from superhard synthetic
materials is developing at liigh rates. The production of tools from tungsten-
_ free liard alloys and mineral ceramics has been organized, The improvement
of the qualtty of the tools is one of the most important goals of specialized
tool pla,:ts.
In the tool industry, the production of abrasive and diamond tools has
great specif ic weight. The abrasives industry is producing a broad nomencla-
ture of abrasive tools, including elbore tools. Abrasive tools using
bakelite binder for power stripping will increase the productivity of
the machining by almost 3 times. The production of tools based on ceramic
binder for precision thread and gear grinding and for high-speed grinding
has been assimilated. The production of cutting tools based on cubic boron
nitride is increasing, which will provide a savings of hard alloy.
- A significant increase in the product~ion of new and improved types of
abrasive tools is the main goal of the remaining two years of the tive-year
period. The proportion of basic tools in the tool production will be
26.9% in 1980 as opposed to 3.1% in 1975. The production of abrasive tools
made of elbore will more than dcuble.
Tlie prodigy of the last five-year planning periods is the branch for the
production of diamond tools. At the present time almost all forms of
diamond tools known in world oractice are being produced in the USSR. The
Soviet Union has become a large e:cportc~r of tools made from synthetic and
other superhard mat~rials. The production of diamond tools had increased
by 8 times in 1975 by comparison with ].965, and during the Tenth Five-Year
Plan it has increased another 1.8 times. The production of diamond tools
in the Soviet Union is distinguished by a high level of concentration and
specialization. In recent years, the pxoduction of monocrystalline and -
polycrystalline diamonds has increased significantly.
The planning system for the socialist method of production has made it
possible in the shortest possible time to achieve high levels of development
of Soviet machine tool and tool industry. The five-year plans have at
each stage of econamic development of our country determined the goals of
_ the branch; they have insured concentration of material and financial
resources f.or their solution.
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'llie collectivcs of the enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of
ttie Machine Tool Industry are celebra~ing the 50th Anniversary of the
Machine Tool and Tool Industry with great achievements in the fulf illment
of the goals stated by the 25th Congress of th e CPSU.
Tl~e production workers, engineering and technical workers and office wo rkers
of the branch have widely developed socialist competition under the motto
_ of "All new reserves f or economic growth into action." The workers in the
- machine tool and tool industry will celebrate the SOth Anniversary of the .
. First Five-Year Plan of Development of the National Economy of the USSR
which played a prominent role in the realization of the Lenin program for
tlie building of communism in the Soviet Union, by fulfillment of the social-
ist obligations adopted for 1979.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT, 1979
10845
CSO: 1821
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MI:TALWOt:KING LQUIPMENT
UDC 621.9.06-529-183.2:681.586
ANGULAR COORDINATE GAUGE FOR DIGITALLY-PROGRAMMED MACH INE TOOLS
Moscow STAP~I I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 6, Jun 79 pp 22-23
[Article by G. A. Lebedev, L. Ye. Kraytman, A. M. Tuv: "Angular Coo?�dinate
Gauge for Heavy Machine Tools With Digital Programmed Control and Digital
Display" J
[Text] Among the large number of designs o~ feedback sensors for angular
- measurements, the most widespread are r.he selsyns, rotary transformers,
reductosins (redusins), inductive converters, circular inductosins, and so
on [1-3]. However, their use in the assemblies of heavy and unique machine
tools is complicated for the following reasons. When joining the sensor to
the axis of rotation of the aGsembly, an additional error arises (reaching
- 15" [4]1 as a result of noncoaxialness and eccentricity. In addition,
building in the sensors in areas which are difficult of access inside tl~e
rotating assembly complicates its installat~on, operation and maintenance. _
Tl~ese c1e,Liciencies can be eliminated if the sensor is made in the ..orm of a
device which permits measurement of the linear displacements of the assembly
with respect to the arc of a large-radius circle (the measurement precision
- is higher, the larger this radius), and it is a structural part of the
_ assembly.
On the basis :,f the rectilinear contactless transmitting selsyn of the PBSD
type used in the machine tools with digital programmed control produced by
the Novosibirsk Tyazhstankogidropress Plant imeni,A. I. Yefremov, experimental �
and experimental-industrial models of angular contactless transmitting selsyns
were developed, manufactured and tested. This sensar (Fig 1, a) has a gear ~y
scale 1 executed in the form of a ring ~or a part of a ring) and fastened
to the rotary assembly, and a stationary magnetic circle 2 with poles. The
phase and output windings are arranged in a defined sequence of the poZes.
_ The phase A windings are located at the poles nA and are opposite-series
connected. The phases B and C windings are located correspondingly on tHe
poles t1B and ]I~, and they are joined analogously, In order to receive a -
large signal and decrease the error caused by inaccuracy of manufacturing
the scale and the ,nagnetic circle, the number of pairs of the poles for -
each phase will increase by comparison with the minimum number equal to two.
66 -
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' s
c ~
e a` /
s
o` /j` _
. A p~ d~
n, T .
,
_ ` Z /
� � i
. t t
f b~
a)
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a gauge (a) and diagram of the
installation of magne.tic circuits for the compensation of
errors caused by beating of the scale (b)
When an alternating current is fed to the wind~.ng EF in the phase windings
there is an emf induced which on shifting the scale with respect to the
magnetic circuit varies in accordance witli a law which is close to sinusoidal.
On stiifting the toothed scale by an amount that is a multiple of one
angular step of it, the voltage in each phase varies by complete period,
' that is, by 360 electric degrees. The shift between phases is 12Q electric
degrees which c~rresponds to displacement of the scale by 1/3 of a step.
This gauge, similar to the ordinary selsyn can operate both in the trans-
_ former mode and in the phased mode (in the latter case the windings A, B
and C are fed by a triple-phase voltage, and the voltage phase in the EF
winding is a function of the scale position).
The angular pitch aM of the poles ~f the magnetic circuit of the sensor
and the angular pitch a of the scale teeth are related to each~other by
rhe rel_ation aM=aP (2qn~+1)/(2q), where q j.s the number of pllases of the
sensor; n=1,2,3... is the structural coefficient.
7'he angular pitch of the scale is determined from the condition that the
discreteness of the digital display is 0.001� (3.6") and that the digital
_ ~ programmed control unit Razmer 2M divides the period of the output signal
of the sensor by 200. Beginning with this, a=3.6"�200=12', and the number
of teeth zp=360�/12'=1800. For the experimen~al model of the sensor
(n=2, q=3) aM=26'.
The angular scale is a toothed rim of diameter DP cut by the modular
cutting tool (m=1.25 mm). The effect of the errors in manufacturing the
teeth und the oscillation of the scale and also the deviations of its
shape frbm circular on the accuracy of reading the coordinates can be
signi�icantly decreased if thE magnetic circuit 3(see Fig 1, b) is placed
diametrically opposite to the magnetic circuit 2, and their out~ut wind-
ings are connected in opposite series.
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In order to decrease the intrapitch error of the sensor, the magnetic
circuit 3 is shifted with respect to magneCic circuit 2 by half the .
angular pitch in the scale, that is, by 180 electric degrees. In this
case ~he basic harmonics of the intrapitch error with corresponding inclu-
sion of the output windings are mutually compensated. For more complete
error compensation it is possible to place severai pairs of ma.gnetic circuits
around the scale, joining their output windings.
Tliis design has tl~e fol.lowing advantages: 1) high precision of ineasuring
the rotation of the assemblies of the heavy machine tools; 2) the possibil- ,
ity of using digital programmed control units applied on heavy machine
tools for programming the rotation of the assembly; 3) convenience of l-.lie
installation and operation and maintenance of the sensor. A11 of this per-
mits bro~rl application of the sensor in heavy machine t~ol building: on
the sJewing tables, vertical lathes and also rotazing stocks, the planing
and milling slides of the combined and specialized longitudinal-machining
� machine tools.
, When testing (Fig 2) the experimental model of the sensor for reading the
angles of rotation, the modules of the digital display type.F5071 and
Razmer 2M-1104 were used. The error ~f the sensor was estimated in the
scale pitch interval (12') by a glass optical rule using the OMS-6 micro-
scope where the displacement by one micron on the scale of the rule
corresponded to rotation of the tooth scale by 0.1�39". The discreteness
unit of the module F5071 (on switching it to the "Diametr" regime)
corresponded to rotation by 0.36", ancl the unit of discreteness of the
_ Razmer 2M-1104, rotation by 3.6".
The intrapitch error of the sensor when combining the output windings of
two eliametrically oppositely arranged magnetic circuits was on the average
4-5," rhat is, it was co~nensurate with the discreteness of the digital
programmed control unit.
,f ~r 5
. . _
L ; ,
f . I ~ ,M,,
. ~
_ ,
i
,i
'1
Figure 2. Device for testing and experimental model of a sensor:
- 1-- digital display module type F5071; 2-- reading microscope
with scale division 1:nicron; 3-- magnetic circuit; 4-- optical
rule; 5 toothed scale
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n��'r~" ~ 1) '
~ i ~ ~ z
` ` J ,
~ ~ ~
p . ' ~ .i .
J IO 90 --tSQ.' /B0 ?10110i70JO~R JJ9 JQO 0 60 90 1 0~'!a0 1lU140 t10J ~~ytpad
~ ` ` _t_i'" )
1�u o om 1-rr o opam
~ ,yt~s o)
?0
/0 ~
/ _
90 ~ o__ o -tra o n~~> ,
�p , ' ~ ~ t
?t0
JO t
_
b) .
Figure 3. Accumulated error ~ of the sensor with respect to
~ the angle ~ of rotation of the toothed scale: a-- for testing
of an experi.mental model of the sensor on a bench; b-- when
testing the experimental-industrial model of the sensor on the
model NS-3 rotary table
Key:
l. angular seconds
2, degrees
3. lst rotation
4. 2d r~tation
In order to determine the accumulated scale error, a theodolite with scale
division.of 1" was instelled coaxially with it on a rod 800 mm high; the
mark was fastened to the opposite wall of the shop at a distance of 20 m
- f.rom the theodolite. The toothed scale was rotated manually, noting the
angle of rotation every 10� with respect to the digital display module.
At the indicated points the angle of rotation was monitored using the
tl~eodolite, and after every 90�, also using optical rules and OMS-6 micro-
scopes.
The accumulated error ~(Fig 3, a) was determined on connection of both
two and four magnetic circuits. It was established that for two connected
magnetic circuits the accumulated error was 10" for measurements with a
range of 90� (curve 2) and 17" for measurements with a range of 10� (curve 1).
On connection of four magnetic circuits, the accumulated error could be
decreased to 2-3" for measurements with a range of 90� (curve 4) and to 8"
for measurements with a range of 10� (curve 3). It is also necessary to
consider that the instability of the measurements using the theodolite
is 5-6".
The experimental-industrial model o� the sensor was developed considering
installation of it on the model NS-3 rotary table which was equipped with
the "Razmer 2M-1104" digital display. The latter made it possible to
realize preliminary selection and automatic positioning both with respect
- to the displacemenr. coordinate of the slides and with respect to the
angular coordinate.
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Technical Specifications of the Table
Dimensions.of the operating surlace, mm :?o00:K3600
Greatest displacement of the slides, mm 2000
Rates of displacement of the slides with respect to the
bed (continuous regulation), mm/min 13-1360
Rate of rotation of the rotary section, deg/min 2.5-169
Discreteness of the digital display:
displacement of the slides, mm U.O1
rotation of table, deg 0.001
Lift capacity, kg-force 50 000
Overall dimensions (lengthXwidthXheight), mm 5700x4250~:i200
Weight, kg 36 000
The parameters of the experimental-industrial model of the sensor are as
follaws: DP=3600 ~n; z~=1800; m=2 mm; aM=14'. The structural design for
the attachment of the sensor provided for the maintenance of constant
currents between the scale and the magiietic circuit independently of the
beat of the sc ale. ~
During tests on the first four tables sensors were installed with two
magnetic circuits arranged diametrica111� opposite. Their series-counter
connected output windings are connected to the channel for exact reading
. of the Razmer 2M-1104 device; the selsyns of the type B2RG multibit sensor,
the output gear of which with z=20 teeth was engaged with the toothed rim
of the scale were connected to the remaining channels. This method of
connection is explained by the fact that in contrast to the digital display
module type F5071, which is a cyclically absolute system and outputs
complete information about the displacement of the ob~ect on connection of
only one precision sensor to it, the Razmer 2M-1104 device is among the
absolute systems and requires installation of a multibit sensor.
The accuracy of the rotation of the table and the emergence of it at the
given coordinate was determined using a theodolite installed on a mandrel
with respect to th~ center of the table. In order to check the stability
and the error in the pitch interval of the scale, in addition to the
theodolite, a clock type display was used with scale division of 0.01 mm
in contact with a support located on the edge of the table at a distance of
2000 mm from the center; a displacement by 0.01 mm with respect to the dis-
play corresponded to rotation of the table by 1".
In order to check the stability o� the development of the preliminary
selection on the panel, the same coordinate was selected a multiple number
of times to which the table was fit automatically. The dispersion of the
readings with res~ect to the display did not exceed 0.02 mm in this case,
which corxesponds to half the value of the discre~eness.
~ Giving the displacements with an i.nterval of 72", the pitch angle of the
scale (12') was passed through 3 times; the maximum accumulated error in
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this interval was 11". The error for a complete rotation of the table was
determined (with an interval of 10�) with connection of both each magnetic
circuit individually to the system and the combined windings of two magnetic
circuits. As is obvious from F'ig 3, b, the errors from the individually _
~ connected magnetic circuits (curves 1 and 2 respectively) did not coincide
with respect to sign (for the magnetic circuits are arranged diametrically
opposite); the maximum error is ~46". This error is cottmiensurate with
th~ component caused by beating of the scale (e=0.45 mm) and it is equal
to ~p= 4e/DP=52". For jointly connected magnetic circuits the maximum error
is 17" (curve 3). Thus, the installation of two diametrically opposite
magnetic circuits with corresponding connection of their windin.gs to a
significant degree decreased the error component caused by eccentricity of
the sc.ale. The installation of four magnetic circuits at an angle of 90�
also compensates the error components caused by deviation of the shape of
the scale from a circle.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Abramzon, E. L. "Inductive Rotary Table with Programmed Control,"
METALLOREZHUSHCHIY I KOIV'TROL'NO-IZMERITEL'NYY INSTRUMENT [Metal
Cutting and Monitorii~g and Measuring Controls], Nauchn.-tekhn. ref. sb.
(NlImash), No 12, 197?..
2. Akhmetzhanov, A. A. SISTEi~iA PEREDACHI UGLA POVYSHENNOY TOCHNOSTI
[System for Transmitting an Angle with Inereased AccuracyJ, Moscow,
Energiya, 1966.
3. Akhmetzhanov, A. A.; Lukinykh, N. V. INDUKTSIONNYY REDUKTOSIN
[Induction ReductosinJ, Moscow, Energiya, 1971.
4. Bychatin, D. A.; Gol'dman, I. Ya. POVOROTNYY INDUKTOSIN [Rotary
Inductosin], Leningrad, Energiya, 1969.
COPY.RIGHT: Izdatel'stvo i~lashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSTRUMENT, 1979 -
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METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
UDC 621.914:4:061.4(437)
- EXHIBIT OF SPECIALIZED MACHINE TOOLS FROM SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 6, Jun 79 pp 34-36
_ [Article by 0. I. Aver'yanov: "Machine Tools of the Drilling-Milling-
Boring Group at the First Specialized Exposition of Metal-Cutting Ma.chine
Tools and Forging and Pressing Equipment From Soc,ialist Countries"]
[TextJ During the period from 8 to 16 November 1978, in Brno (Czechoslovakia)
the FirsC Specialized Exposition of Metal Cutting Machine Tools and Forging
and Pressing Equipment from Socialist Countries was organized (the People's
_ Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People's Republic, German Democratic
Republic, Polish People's Republic, the USSR, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
were represented). At the exposition, 140 units of equipment were shown,
among which about 25% represented machine tools of the.drilling-milling-
boring group with manual control and with digital programmed control.
In the proposed article, a study is made of the most interesting machine
toois of this group reflecting the trends.in the development of world
machine tool building. The basic advantages of the multitool machine tools .
shown at the exposition are the broad technological possibilities of
machining, the high degree of automation (about 80% of the represented _
machine tools of the i.:vestigated group operate in the automatic control -
mode), and use of modern digital progratmned control systems.
~ The People's Republic of Bulgaria presented an interesting complex made up
of two jig-boring machine tools, model RV 001 (equipped with 8-spindle
turret heads) and a robot which loads the machined parts. Each machine
tool is.equipped with a digital programmed control system, model
Programma 30. In addition, it is possible to note the producCive universal
model RV 110 milling machine with~manual control.
~ From among the machine tools of the Hungarian People's Republic it is
nece~sary to note the machine tools of digital program control, milling
machine model MV 16-11NC -nd multitool model TC3CNC and MCSOOCNC. The
model MCSOOCNS machine tool (~'ig 1) designed for complex machining.of cast
iron and steel housing parts (the dimensions of which do not exceed
SOOx500x500 mm) aroused special interest among the specialists in that it
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is made up of standardized assemblies. The standardized assemblies include
tlie main drive, the feed dr~ve, the tables, the device for automatic tool
and product replacement.
~
; .
; -
M
~ ~.w...
f' .
i h
~
~
Figure 1. Multitool model MCSOOCNC machine tool (Hungarian
People's Republic)
~ � ~
a) b ~
I
~
c)
Figure 2. Schematic of the campositions of the multitool
machine tools (Hungarian People's Regublic) based on standardized
assemblies: a-- with hc~izoz~tally arranged spindle; b-- with
- vertical arr~nged spindle; c-- with turret head
The main drive is manufactured in three executions: 1) the DC mot~r and
the three-step gear box (basic execution); 2) the asynchronous motor and
gear box in which the rpm of the spindle is switched using electromagnetic
couplings; 3) the adjustabl.e DC motor connected directly to the spindle of
the machine tool (for machinin~ parts made of light alloys and nonferrous
metals). The spindle stock is also made in three executions: 1) with
. horizontally arranged spindle; 2) with vertically arranged spindle; 3) with _
eight-spindle turret head. The basic technical parameters of these compo-
sitional versions are presented below.
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Execution of the spindle stock With horizontal With vertical With
- spindle spindle turrc~t head
No of. spindlc~ti 1 1 ~i
Rpm limits of the spindle:
For machining steel-cast iron
parts 35.5-1~00 35.5-18Q0 35.5-1800
The same, by order 71-3550 71-3550 71-3550
For machining parts made of
light alloys and nonferrous
metals 140-7100 140-7100 140-7100
Engine power, kilowatts 11-15 11-15 11-15 -
Greatest torque on the spindle,
kg-meter 80 80 80
ISO spiuule cone number SO 50 50
The f eed drives with respect to all coordinate axes are identical and consist
; of a high-moment motor and screw-nut transmission. The limits of the _
operating feeds are 1 to 2000 mm/min, the fast displacement speed is 10 m/min. _
The tables are made in the following types: 1) the dividing rotating table
~ with square face plate (500x500 mm) which can have circular feed; 2) the
universal rotary-inclined table with square face plate (500x500 mm) which
provides for maching parts from five sides; 3) the stationary table
- (500x800 mri); 4) stationary table (500x800 mm) witl~ built-in rotary-dividing
� table (Eace plate 500 mm in diameter); 5) stationary table (SOOx800 mm)
with two built-in rotary-dividing tables (face plate 500 mm in diameter).
. The structure of the automatic system of the tool made up of a tool holder
and manipulator has two executions: 1) with drum type holder for 30 tools;
2) with chain holder for 36, 40 and 48 tools.
Fig 2 shows the schematics of the composition of the multitool machine tools
based on the above enumerated nomenclature of standardized assemblies. -
Among the machine tools presented by the German Democratic Republic, it is
necessary to note *re model FQ400 bracket-milling machine, the two-standard
~ig-boring machine model BKOZ 14UOx2240 and the multitool machine tools
models C500/03 and CBK02900 with digital programmed control.
' The Polish People's Republic was represented by the multitool machine tools
me3e~ FUM63P;M with vertical spindle and a holder for 24 tools mounted on a
stationary standard. On the machine tool the following technical designs
were realized: main drive electric motor with 15 kilowatts power; feed
drive using high-component motors; the application of a turret (Polish -
People's Republic production) with reading precision of 0.01 mm in the
feed drive; hydraulic unloading in the moving ~oints of the table; guides
made of polymer of the polytetrafluoroethylene type; the model USNMIJMS331Fc
digital programmed control system (development and production of the -
. Polish People's Republic).
i
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~~m~ng Lhe Sov.i~~t machine tools presented at the exposition, great interest
was aroused among the speci_alists by the 6904VPiF2 multitool machine tool
(procluction of the Odessa Precision Machine Tool Plant imeni 25th Congress
of chc~ CPSU) and the 6906VMF2 (production of the Vitebsk Atachine Tool
l;uilcling Plant imeni S, ri. Kirov). The machine tools are designed Lor
all around mactiining of housing parts of inedium size from four sides witliout
:idjustment. Tl~e coordinate displacement of the cross table and the head-
stock, the speeds of their displacement and subsequent clamping, tlie
spindle rpm, tool changing and the machining cycles are programmed on tlie
macliine tools. There is a possibility of manual introduction of. diameter
and ligl~t correction for the tool, The operation of all assemblies of the
m~zcliine tools is monitored by a digital display.
_ '1'he most numerous exhibit was that of Czechoslovakia. Some of the technical
solutions realized in the machine tools of the drilling-milling=boring
group are investigated below.
Fig 3 shows the model FQH50A multitool machine tool designed for machining
(under small-series production conditions) of housing and flat parts with
greatest weight of 750 kg, the dimensions of which do not exceed SOOx500x500 mm.
The milling of various surfaces, drilling, boring and reaming of holes and
tile machining of ttie inside threads are real.ized on the machine tools.
'1'I~e composition of tlie machine tool is in accordance with the scheme that
is traditional for milling macliines with digital programmed control (the
t~racket headstock is displaced vertically along the side guides of the
standard rigidly attached to tlie base of the machine tool; the table of
tl~e machine tool is a cross table).
Tl~e main drive is realized from a 16 ~:ilowatt DC electric motor and a two-
titeP gearl~ox c:ontrolled by electromagi:etic toothed couplings. The contin-
~ious regulation of the spindle rpm is insured within the limits of 14 to
2000 rpm. The headstock is balanced using a hydraulic cylinder.
'Ilie feecl drives w~th respect to all three coordin~tes are standardized;
rl~e motion from the high-component DC motors is transmitted directly to the ~
ball screws 50 mm in diameter with a pitch of 10 mm. Continuous regulation
, of tlie feed is realized within the limits of 10 to 1000 mm/min, the high ~
speed with respect to all three coordinates is 10 m/min. The extreme posi-
tions of the moving parts of the machine tool are limited by terminal
breakers, Line inductosins are used as the measuring converters.
The rotating and dividing table is executed in the form of a separate unit
which in assembled form is installed in the cavity of the longitudinal
slides. The discreteness of the angle of rotation of the Lable is 5�,
13efore rotation the face plate of the table is lifted by a hydraulic cylin-
der, and.then it is rotated by the required angle as a result of longitudinal
clisplacement of the table slides (for rotation of the face plate by 5� it
is necessary to displace the slides by 5 mm along the X-axis).
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rux urri~l~, u5~; UNLY
. , x -
, ,
~ < ' ~
.
a ~ ~ ~ ~
i L
d r ~ u ~r ~z'�'' _ i~~` ~t. ~
( ~ ~,i . s."
ts _ .
~ ~ . ~
4 ~ . ' .
. . ~ ~ 7 . .
. . . .r i . ~1
~ . i ~ . . ~ .
Figure 3. Model FQH50A multitool Figure 4. Model FCR50NC machine tool
machine tool ~Czechoslovakia) ~,ith digital programmed control
and turret head (Czechoslovakia)
The drum type tool magazine designed for 30 tools is located on the head-
stock. Before replacing a tool, its vertical position is changed to
horizontal by a manipulator. Then by using a double-clamp arm, the tool
- is changed in the machine tool spindle. A machine tool was shown at the
exhibition, in the magazine of which the tool was arranged in technological
sequence although it is theoretically possible also to use a coded tool.
The tool change time is 8-12 seconds.
The tool is equipped with units for lubricating the headstock and stabilizing
its temperature. Lubricat.ion is fed to the responsible moving joints from
a central system.
In the ordinary execut.:~n the machine tool has the following precision
indexes: positioning precision +0.02 mm (with respect to the X and Y
coordinates at a lens~th of S00 mm), division accuracy (of the rotating table)
+3". ror the analogous machine tool of increased precision the indicated
characteristics are +0.015 mm and +1.5" respectively.
The machine tool was shown at the exposition with the programmed control
- system model Philips 6663. The program is fed into memory manually (when
machining the first part) or by magnetic tape.
Fig 4 shows the model FCR50NC machine tool with turret head and model
NS350 digital programmed control system, and Fig 5 shows a vertical milling
machine model FC50V. It is interesting to note that both machine tools
are made up of the same base assemblies (vertical standard, base, cross
table wir.h dimensions of 500x2000 mm).
The model FC50V machine tool is equipped with a device for climb milling.
The control of the automatic operating cycle by the given program is
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realized using adjustable stops. On the basis of the model FCSOV machine
tool it is possible manufacture a machine tool with program c~:,ntrol and
also a machine tool with elecCrocontact forming unit.
During the work of the exposition, a scientific-technical symposium was
held on the problems of inetal cutting machine tools with digital program
control which was participated in by representatives of the member countries
of the CEMA. In one of the reports specialists from Czechoslovakia dis-
cussed the prospects for the further development of mach.ine tools with
di~ital programmed control in Czechoslovakia in detail. The creation of
such machine tools (with any automation level required for the customer)
is based on the principle of unit construction of machine tools from
standardized assemblies.
�~ry;.,
~
, 'i_, i yy, .
~ 'a� ! :
~ ~4
z,-'
r.t. '
~ pM~
~ ~
Figure 5. Model FC50V vertical milling machine (Czechoslovakia)
0
+
- ~700 3675
Figure 6. MCFR A80 unitized machine tool (Czechoslovakia)
The following basic restrictions are adopted; 1) table width 630, 800,
1000 and 1250 mm; 2) versions of compositions of the machine tools with
ta~le width of 630 and 800 mm: longitudinally moving table and transversely
moving standard; t~eadstock with horizontal spindle (arrangement on the
standard, bracket or sy~netric); headstock with vertically arranged spindle
or turret (placement on the standard symmetric); 3) versions of the
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rucc urri~ttw Ua~: UNLY
compositions oE the macliine tools with table width of lOQO and 1250 mm:
lon};i tucliiially movinfi Cable and transversely moving standard; sta~ionary
Cablc~ znd standard ~aith cross displace*~ent; neadstock with horizontal
spindle (placement on the standard bracket); 4) drum type tool magazines
(witii limited number of cells) and chain type (with the number of cells
necded by the customer.
'1'f~e model MCI~ItA80 unitized macliine tool (Fig 6) was also shown at tl~e -
exposition. It is made up of standardized assemblies. Tl~e vertically
arranged headstock is equipped with a four-position turret; the automatic
tool changing is done in two positions of the turret; number of tools in
the magazine 15.
~ Technical Specifications
I)imensions (widthXlen~th) of the table, mm 800x1750
Vertical stroke of the headsrock, mm 750
Limits of the operating feeds, mm/min 1-3000
Engine power, kilowatts ~ 15-24
Conclusions
1. The first specialized exposition of inetal cutting machines and forging
and pressing equipment from socialist countries again confirmed the trend
in the development of machine tool building aimed at creating highly auto-
mated machine tools which insure complex machining of parts with one setting
of it.
2. Wf~en building the machine tools of the drilling-milling-boring group
witli digital prograrrmied control, the principle of unitized construction of
tl~e machine tools from standardized assemblies is widespread.
COPYIt[GHT� Izdatel'sr��o Mashinostroyeniye, STANKI I INSYRUMENT, 1979
10845
CSO: 1821
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METALWOItKING EQUIPMENT
F.AST GERMAN ARTICLES ON NEW MACHINE TOOLS
Digital Program Machine Tools
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No 11, Nov 79 pp 2-4
~Article by P. Sachowitz and W. Pabst: "Soviet Digital Program Control
Machine Tools at the Experimental Center of the Ashersleben Machine Tool
Plant"]
[Text] In the plan for the further development of technical
cooperation and the sharing of information between the scien- _
tific-technical iournals of the GDR and the iJSSR an agreement
has been reached between the editors of the journals FERTI-
GUNGSTECHNIK UND BETRIEB (Berlin, GDR) and STANKI I INSTRUMENT
about an exchange of articles.
T}~is section contains articles that were written by special- -
ists from the GDR and sent to the editors of the Soviet jour-
nal bv the editors of FERTIGUNGSTECHNIK UND BETRIEB.
We have in turn sent our colleagues from the GDR arricle bv~
Soviet specialists. which are being published in FERTIGUNGS-
TECHNIK UND BETRIEB No 11, 1979.
In tiie GDR's metal workinQ industry DP ~digitally programmed] metal cut-
ting machine tools from the USSR are being used more extensively; these
machine tools promote a significant intensification of production.
_ The first Soviet DP machine tools were delivered in 1973 to the "7 Oktober"
Machine Tool Building Combine in Berlin.* At the Wema enterprise (Asher-
sleben) r~f the "Frifz Heckert" (Karl Marks Stadt) Machine Tool Buildin~
Combine in 1975 an experimental center was organized, where the Soviet
DP machine tools are in operation. The most itnportant tasks of the ex-
~ verimental center are*: testing the first importe~ Soviet DP machine
tools under conditions of the GDR's machine tool building industry; the
Scliuckar D Aufbau und Ergebnisse des Experimentalzentrums mit sowieti-
schen NC-Maschinen in der DDR. F~RTIGUNGSTFCHNIK UND BETRIFB, 25 (1975). S. ~
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clr~iwing up of unified operational norms for these machine tools; and the
solvin~; of problems for the improvement ot production.
The resulte of the tests are being passed through the technica.l center of
the Soviet Export-Import Aasociation V/0 "Stankoimport" to the plant manu-
facturers of the ma.chine tools in the USSR for use in further improving
the product. The work of the experimental ~enter is making a significarit
contribution to socialist economic integr~,tiou. -
Upon conclusion of the first stage of the constr~action of the experimental
center in Navember 1977 in the city of Asheraleberi there wae a conferenoe
of the u~ers of the Soviet llP ma.chine toole. Partiaipating in the con-
ference were representatives of the GDR's Minietry of Machine Tool ~uild-
ing Indu~ try~ of the Saviet manufacturers of the DP machine tools, V/0
- Stanlcoimporta the National Foreign Trade Enterprise WMW Export Im ort
(Berlin)~ the nationa.l enterprise Importservice (Kaxl-~'[ariss stadt~~ and
the users of the Soviet DP machine tools. Discussed at the conference -
were the experience of work of the ext~erimental center and the prospects
for ~he further use of the Soviet DP ma.chine tools.
Below are examined trie more i.mportant ma.tters that were diacussed at this
conference.
- From 1975 through 1977 at the experimeatal center the follawing DP mar-
chine tools were set up: a horizontal milling and dril'ling machine tool~
mode1.2611F2; a vertical-drill ma,chine tool~ model 2R135F2 witih a revolv-
ing capstari; a semiautoma.tic centering lathe, model 1B732F3; a horizontal
milling arid drilling machine tool, model 2Ao22F2.
The first organization^~ measure was to cr.�eate a group for the technologi-
_ ca1 preparation and maintcnance of the DF' machine tools. The fl.inctions
of this group inCludes ~uch ma.tters as the a~sembly and pu.tting into opera-
tion of the machine tools~ traini.ng personnE~l~ the pro~ra~mn.ing~ mainte-
ziance arid general coordination as well as ~h~ r~eliminary tuning ar~d use
of the tool and the securing of the billets.
An office for coding was for~ned based on exi.sting GDR offices fox the man- r
ufacture Af the punched tape. The centralized turiing of the tool using
- Soviet BV 2015 instruments wa.s organized to ad3ust the tool to the milli.ng
and drilling machine tool:s and t.ie BV 2010 for a.d.3usting the tool to the
lathes.
~ IInger ~i. E~cperimentalzentrum fur sovjetiche NC-P~Ta.schinen. -"Die
Ylirtschaft", 32 (1977)r 12.
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The presence of a sharp cone (7 : 24~ in the spindle of the horizontal
milling and drilling machi.ne tools makes it possible to use an instrument
of GDR production. During borin~ they uae drill bits with hard a11oy
bladea for working at increased cutting modes, The cutting bar assembly
is fitted out with modern control drill bite. The use of crowned drills
for procesaing the holes for t~.e whole reduces the number of work trans-
fers~ A new boring tool designed by the Schnalkalden machine tool build-
ing combine has been tested and manufactured according to TGL 31699 norms.
Particularly good results were obta.ined during ~he work by the tool with
two cutting edg~es. On the vertical -drill machine tool with a revolving
capstan there were no occurrences of difficulties with the use of the tool,
because eix spindles have a Morae cone. On the semiautomatic lathe an ef-
ficient tool of GDR produetion is used. The billet clamp is accomplished ~
using standard means that are used in production.
The assembly and putting into operation of DP machine tools were carried
out by Soviet specialists. The acceptance of the machine tools was con-
ducted according to conditions of acceptance of the plant-manufacturer con-
sidering the special requirements of the user. Training on maintenance of
the DP machine tools, working on them and on programming took place dur-
ing their b~ing put into operation with the help of Soviet specialists~
who repreaented the plant-manufacturers. In additi on a training course
was organized at the manufacturing plants.
The programming was accomplished primarily by hand and was only partly _
~utoma.ted. For the semiautomatic centering lathe it was possible to use
a postprocessor that was developed by the Research Center of the machine
tool building industry (Kaxl-Maxks ~tadt). This same resQaxch center de-
sip,ned a postprocessor for the model 2A622F2 ma.chine tool.
The maintenance of the ma.chi.ne tools during the warranty period wae per-
formed by the plant-manufacturers. Following the warranty period malad-
justments were eliminated jointly b3~ the user~ representativea of plant ~
- manufacturers and the '."echnical Ceni;er of V~0 Stankoimport.
The DI~ machine tools in tne L`xperimental Center work with a full load ~
for three shifts, At present tach machine tool is serviced by one worker;
in the future it is plar~ned to have multi-machine tool servicing.
The horizontal milling and drilling ma.chine tool, model 2611F2~ (Fig. 1)
is m~~.nufactured by the Ivanavskiy Heavy Machine Tool Building Pl~.nt imeni
50-letiya SSSR and is intended for four-sided~ chiefly finishing~ proces- I
sing of complex housing parts wei~hing up to 2,000 kilograms. The coaxial
holes can bn processed from one installation. The machine tool has a =
lengthwise ssliding stand~ a transversely sliding turning table and a ver-
tically sliding spi.ndle drill chuck. The frequency of revolution of the
spindle is ~ritched by program.
- On the model 2611F2 machine too:L it is gossible to perform drilling, bor-
- ing, countersinking, hole expan~iing, threading, face processing~ circular
^ groove cutting and milling on a right angle cycle. The cutting of cixcular
81
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200060016-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200064416-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
grooves and reverse countersinking axe accomplished manually; all rema.in-
ing operations are done automa.tically. Constant cycles are used when pro-
cessing holes.
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