JPRS ID: 9012 USSR REPORT ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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_ RND
RUTOMATION TECHNOLQGY

4 JRNURRY 1980 tF0U0 ~i188) 1 OF 3
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JPRS L~/8840
- 4 January 1980 =
= USSR Re ort
p
_ CYBERNETICS, C~MPUTERS AND
- AUTOMATION TECHNOLJGY -
- CFOUO 1/80) -
FBIS FOREfGN BROADCAST IN~ORMATION SERVICE
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~ ' JPRS L/8840
, 4 January 1980
USSR REPORT ~
CYBE~NETICS, COMPUTERS AND
AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY
(FOUO 1/80)
This serial publication contains~articles, abstracts of articles and news
items from USSR scientific and technical journalsor. the specifi.c subjects
reflected in the table of contents.
~
Photoduplications of foreign-language sources may be obtained from the
Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 20540. -
Requests should provide adequate identification both as to the source and
the individual article(s) desired.
CONTEf~TS PAGE
_ I. DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF CdMPUTERS AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT~~~~ 1
A. General Treatment 1
Progress in Cybernetics 1
4
B. Unified System or Ryad Series 10
Compatibility Benefits of Unified System Computers 10
' C. Hardware 12
_ VTO Isotimpex Disk Packs 12
Electro-Optical Control of NINOP Memory Matrices 14
D. Progranuning and Software 18
- Software for Dialogue Between Operator and a Control System _
' Based a~n the M-6000 Automated System of Computing Technics ~
(ASVT) 18 : .
- a- IIII - USSR - 21C S&T FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page _
II. ECONOMIC APPI,ICATIONS 22
A. Bloc Cooperation 22
Latest Computer Equipment at International Exhibition 22
B. Economic Control at Local Level 24
Republic Automated Management Systems ~iscussed 24
C~ Supply System ......o..........~ 26
Management System for a Tall Piece Goods Warehouse 26
- III. SOCIOCULTURA.L AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 30
- A. Education 30
Graduate Studies at Lenin Institute of Control Problems 30
~ IV. INFORMATION SCIENCE 32
A. Information Services 32
Data Teleprocessing Systems in Materials and Equipment `
" SuPP1Y APPlications 32
Linking an "Elektronika-60" Microcomputer to a CAMAC
"Crate" Trunkline 38
Multi-Channel System for Loading Sequential Code Into
= an M-6000 Control Computer System 41
How to Begin Scientific Information Activity 51
V. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 54
A. Theory of Mathematical Machines 54
Time Evaluations of Analysis of Statement Readiness
in Parallel Programs 54
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page -
VI. GENERAL INFORMATION 55
A. Conferences
Kuybyshev Conference on Automating Experiments I~eported 55
Raising Efficiency of Automated Management Systems 59
Exhibit of Integrated Testing/Monitoring Electronic Complex 68
Computer Seminars 73
Second Al1-Union Conference on Analog-to-Digital Conversion 74
B. Organizations 77
40th Anniversary of the Institute of Management Problems 77
C. Publications 95 -
Abstracts from the Journal PROGREIMMIROVANIYE 95
Algorithm for Synthesizing the Programmed Movement of a
Jumping Device for the Flight Phase 99
Algoritlim of Stabilization of Motion of Jumping Apparatus
in Flight Phase 103
Automated Control System for Ships 106 -
Automated Data System Developed for Economics Use 108
Automated Management Systems for Technological Processes in
Gas Industry (Modeling and Machine Simulation) 113
Automatic Programming of Jacquard Loom Patterns 115
Automation of Design of Utilities Structures Studied 119 -
Automation of Technological Preparation based on the
Unified System .....................e....................... 122 -
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CONTENTS (Continued) Pag~
Collection of Cybernetic Techniques in Biomedical _
Research 124
Computer-Assisted Machine Designing 12$
~
Computer Processing of Ecor.omic Information in Industry 131 ~
Computers in Agricultural Engineering 134 -
Control Systems for Manipulative Robots 137
Convolutional Codes for Information Transmission 140
Electromechanical Printers 143
Experience in the Operation of a Consultative-Diagnostic
Point of a Computer Diagnostic System for Acute Cranial
Brain Trauma 150
Information-i~ogic Models of Scientific Research 152
Methodology of Designing Systems for Automating Scientific-
Engineering Experiments 155
Microprocessors Used for Modeling 158
New Text:book on Construction, Use of Keyboard Computers 162
Optimizing Computer Radio Electronic Circuits 166
- Organization of Data in Computer Systems 170
Organizational-Legal Problems of Automated Management -
Systems �.~~~~~~~~~~~~~��~~�~~~~��~~~~~~~~~~~~r~~~~���~~~~~� 7.7~F
,
Principles of Construction of Sector Autflmated Management
_ Systems 177
Programming Problems to be Solved on Analog Computers 179
- Setting up Data Processing in Automated Enterprise Management
Systems 181
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CON~ENTS (Continued) Page
Stability of Magnetic Memories 183
Stochastic and Nonlinear ~rogra~ning in Agriculture 189
Table of Contents of the Journal'KIBERNETIKe~,.' 192~ -
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I. DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS ANll CONTROL EQUIPMENT
A. General Treatment
~ _
PROGRESS IN CYBERNETIuS
Moscow DRUZHBA NAHQDOV in Russian No 5~ 1979 PP 180-188 -
[Article by V. Glushkov, academician, vice president of the UkrSSR Aca.demy
of Sciences Director of the Institute of Cybernetics of the UkrSSR Academy
of Sciences~
[Excerpts] The collective of the Institute of Cybernetics af the UkrSSR
Academy of Sciences strives to follow the best tra,ditions and experience
- accumulated by Ukrainian science during the years of Soviet power. Our
relatively young branch of science, cybernetics, could ha.rdly have arisen `
at all on the Ukrainian earth without using as a base the enormous progress
of science and culture tha,t was provided by the social development of the
= entire Soviet society during six five-year plans.
In developing cybernetics, we start from two leading principles. The first
of them is unity of theory and practice. What does tha.t mean? In a few
word.s, we strive not to develop theory for its own sake. Such a thing is
permissible, shall we say, in ma,thema,tics, an old science where the founda-
timn was constructed long ago and scientists labor "in the upper floors."
- and where there is conv~ction tha,t the foundation of the science is firmly
connected with the gr�ound, so ~hat floors which have not yet found practical
application will prove useful sooner or later. But if a science like cyber-
netics is young and is being erected on a bare place, the danger appears of
cultivating "bubbles," sterile flowers, of setting out on a false path to
"nowhere" with a complete semblance of scientific work.
Therefore we in the Institute of Cybernetics ha,ve always striven to orga,nize -
- theoretical investigations by starting from practical questions ~ha.t have
arisen in life itself. But practica,l questir,~s can also be solved in dif-
:ferent ways: hPre industry presented you with one problem--you solved it,
a second problem, again you solved i-t. And you also investigated something
else there. We rPjected such an approach. We have striven to ha,ve theore-
t?cal investigations embrace not one or two but 200 :~0 300 problems of today
and tomorrow all at once. And perhaps tha,t is the most complex--the ability
to predict tomorrow's needs on the scale of the sector, the republic ar~d the
country.
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We have also firmly decided not to start applied research that can be com-
pleted without the development of profound theory. That is not the business
of the academy. It is all Lhe same that nails are overlooked by the micro-
s~ope. We will take on a practical theme when we clearly see a great pros-
pect of development and understand that no one besides us will do it. That
is what is meant by unity of theory and practice. '
Our second fundamental principle is unity of distant and near goals. We
will not be afraid to designate long-range goals that will not be achieved
before the 21st century. Thus from the very foundation of the institute the
task of creating an artificial intellect was set for it. it is quite
- obvious that the task will not be solved as by an attack of the cavalry.
It will not be solved at all by the effc~rts of a singlc: institute, but
only by general efforts--of all Soviet ~cience (even of world science). What
conclusions can be drawn from this? They can be different. It would be
possible to bury oursel~es in the laboratory and te11 you not to disturb us,
that we will present you with the result of our activity--an artificial intel-
~ lect--after 30 years. Or 40 years. But we have acted differently. We have
so constructed the prngram of a3:tainment of that goal, the creation of an -
artificial intellect, that it will already give, in certain stages, a prac- -
tical yield today, tocnorrow and the day after tomorrow. ~
An e:cample is work on increasing the intellect of machines. We were the
first in the world to propose that idea and accomplish it. Many said then
that no one needed that, but time has shown that we were right. All warld
computer technology now proceeds in the same direction. But our machines
of the "Mir" class were the pioneers. We increased the intellect of the
machine at its birth. Whereus earlier a new machine had only to add, mul-
tiply, divide and compare, and from those bricks was then formed its ability
to perform complex operations, the "Mir" machine at its birth already "knew"
what an integral, an infinite sum, etc, is. Built into it are elements of
pure mathematics, and this made it possibly to program far more;rapidly and -
better. Our machines have widely entered the national economy. They con- ~
tinue even today to be produced in new modifications, although you do not
surprise anyone with them.
_ ~
Precisely the same also was the development of the statewide automated system
for production management, which we proposed in 1962. A final result of it
must be a revolution in the organization of management, a complete transi-
tion to a paperless technology of production management. The elimination
of reports and other documentation and the transmission of all data to a
machine are compared by some scientists with the invention of writing and _
book printing. The problem is in fact a tramendous one. In my opinion, in
- its volume and complexity it is comparable with the task of mastering space.
And the gain promises to be colossal.
Let us recall that the applicatior. of automated management systems (ASU) at �
individual enterprises increases the efficiency of production by 10-15 percen~,
and of an association or sector by 50-60, and on scales of the entire country
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by at least 100 percent, that is, it is doubled, and without additional
expenditures on resources.
This problem is a real one, although it can be finally solved only somewhere -
around the turn of the century. But cigain we have compiled such a program ~
that its attainment has already given results today.
The entire science of the Ukraine in general, and all the more so ours,
cybernetics, is being developed, not as something isolated, but as a compo-
nent part of all-union science. Besides systems for the management of
Ukrainian ministries (Ukrsel'khoztekhnika, the`Ukrainian Gosplan, etc), we
are taking part in the creation of ASU for the union ministries, mainly
with a machine-building and instrument-making profile. pur institute also
participates in automation on the level of the USSR Gosplan. Here we have
made a dialog system of planning (incidentally, this is cne of the works for
which the Institute of Cybernetics of the UkrSSR Academy of Science received
in 1978 the Challenge Red banner of the CC CPSU, the USSR Council of Minis-
ters, the VTSSP5 (All-Union Control Council of Trade Unions) and the CC
Komsomol).
We have also made a system of automation that accelerates by hundreds of -
times tests of complex objects sucli as aircraft. The TU-144 was tested
with its help. Systems have been created for the automation of planning
and design work in electronics, machine building and construction. In con- _
struction, in planning, not only are calculations automated, but everything
_ including the making of drawings is done by an automatic machine (and also
on the basis of dialog with the designer, but without any sort of design
- office). Such a system has permitted us in Kiev to plan prefabricated rein-
- forced-concrete structures ~n one-twentieth the time and at one-sixth or
~ one-seventh the cost and has practicaily eliminated the frequent errors
that occurred earlier in the plan documentation. The planning system works, _
but in the trust they are not yet ready to accept paperless information.
Lack of coordination; The world's first nraft of paperless technology
belongs to us, but we still lag in implementing that matter.
Ten or twenty years ago 2 expressed such an idea in print (permit me to
_ quote): "Approximate calculations show that if the existing level of quality
of planning is preserved (and that level still does not meet the require- ~
ments of the present day), and if the level of technological equipping of
the sphere of planning, administration and accounting is preserved unchanged,
all the adult population of the Soviet Union would have to be employed in =
that sphere by 1980."
The year 1980 is not far off, and it can be said that my melancholy predic-
tion has proven to be correct. Although the course toward automation
designated by the decisions of the 24th CPSU Congress also halted the vast
inflation of the numbers of administrative cadres, it must be honestly
acknowledged that the rates of introduction of automation into the management
of production and its quality do not meet the requirements of the day.
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There is even a relative worsening of the quality of management, especially
of planning, since the economy has become much more complex. -
"Now the task consists in raising. all our planning work, ~the very content
oL planni.ng, to a qualitatively new level, in more thoroughly comprehending
l�he c:conomic problems that life generates, and conducting a creative search
with full responsibility and initiative L-or the optimum ways to solve them,"
says the resolution of the CC CPSU entitled, "On the 50th anniversary of
the First Five-Year Plan for the development of the national economy of
the USSR." Those words seem to be addressed directly to us. -
It would be wrong to assume that it is possible to radically improve manage-
ment by means only of electronic computers, ignoring the economics and -
measures improving the organization of production. However, it is my deep
conviction that neither economic nor organizational regulation of production
will achieve success today unless the latest technology is used. It simply _
cannot be completely realized. In my view, improvement of the managenent
mechanism should be done with technology, that is, with consideration of
all the completely new possibilities which it presents today, to economists
' in particular. A very simple example. In our country there exists, I
would say, a global system of bonuses: the plant receives.a bonus--everyone
receives a bonus. The new technology will help to precisely measure the
contribution of the individual worker. A suitable system of stimulation wi.ll
be required, of course, and the machine will calculate it so that the bonus
corresponds to the actual contribution of each person to production.
This is why I would like today to once more draw attention to a task of
enormous general state importance--the need to automate the accounting, _
planning and managemenC of the economics of production. The introduction of
the electronic computer in that sphere consists not in a simple replacement
of manual labor for calculations of various kinds, but in a transition to
. optimum planning and management, in a radical change of the technology of
organizational administration, of the very methods of administrative labor.
In speaking of the penetration of cybernetics into other sciences, not just
economics, we have in mind above all the universal application of electronic
� computers as a working instrument. But it is not without reason the cyber-
netics is translated from the Greek as the "art of controlling," the word
- for "pilot" is closely related to it. Today we define i.t as the science of
the general laws of the obtaining, storage, tansmission and transformation :
- of information in complex management systems--technical, biological, adminis-
trative and social. And if one looks more deeply into the role and place ~
- of cybernetics in science one can readily be convinced that it introduces
truly revolutionary changes especially in the procedure of scientific
research in practically all areas of knowledge.
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We know the classical deductive method used, for example, in ma,thema.tics,
- with which by means of a formula of transformation ar_d proof a scientist -
_ derives new properties of matter, discovers a new planet or new elementary
, particles. Also known is the experimenta,l method of investigation: the
scientists sets up an experiment or observes an experiment in nature, for
- example, how many rabbits walves e~-k- in a year, etc.
f?ur science has creatEd the method. of cybernetic exper:iment in an electronic
computer. Far from every experiment ca,n be set up in nature. Let us assume'
- that it was necessary to explain what would happen if the wolves ate all the
- rabbits. An experiment of tha.t kind, if it were ca,rried out, would unjusti-
fiably disrupt the eco7~ogical equilibrium on the planet. Cybernetics, and
only cybernetics, permits playing out such a variant in a. ma,chin~ without
ha.ving a ma.thematical description of the phenomena. That is, the theory
of the phenomenon still ha,s not been derived, there is only an experimental -
description of the phenomenon with which we conduct experiments--in the
memory of the ma,chine, rapidly and without risk of exterminating the entire -
genus of rabbits on earth.
If we want to model evolutionary processes in.nature or surgica,l intervention
in the huma,n brain, if we propose to test a system of social measures for
an entire country, cybernetics is irreplaceable. Its method~ which approa.ches
the method.s of the exact sciences, is applicable to an equal degree to any
science, including sociology, history, ecolagy, descriptive bi ology~ e~c,
_ tha,t is, to non-mathema,ticized sciences. Here is something new in principle
tha.t cybernetics contributes to science as a whole.
The panorama, of'Ukrainian science tod.ay is broad and multifaceted. ihe ~
central place in it i:s occupied by the Ord.er of Lenin and Order of Priendship -
of Peoples Ukrainian SSR Acadsmy of 5ciences, the creation of which 60 years
ago.converted into a fact the dr.eam of the progressive Ukrainian intelligent-
siya of its own national scientific center. It must be noted that in Russia
_ before the revolution the very concept of "acad.emy of sciences" had a dif-
ferent meaning than now. And science was altogether different. The Academy
of Sciences was rather an aggregate of scientists -cha.n of scientific insti- ~
tutions, a kind of clul~ where scientists gathered. Such was the Russian
Academy of Sciences, and on tha.t principle, as far as I know, were constructed
and are now working m~,ny foreign aca.demies, for example, l the National Academy -
of Sciences of the USA or the Royal S ociety of Great Britain. The academy
began to play a special role in our country in the years of the ~i~st five- _
year plans, when it was transformed more and more into a center of theoretical
- 'i:~lvestigations, the headquarters of science. What has been sa,i.d applies com- -
pletely also to the Ukrainian academy. _ _
_ Our president, ~9cademician B. Ye. Paton, has Spoken of the three whales on -
which the Academy oi' Science of the Ukrai:ne noz~-,stands. First of all, there t
, _
is basic scientific rese,arch, the ha.se,a.n_r~-_;t1;e" principle without which any
sort of development or advance is impossible. Then there is applied research _
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and experimental design developments for various sectors of the national
economy. And *_here also is the direct participation of scientists in the
introduction of the latest achievements of science itito practice.
All three directions are firmly interconnected and we consider each is
unthinkable without the others. Stressing basic scientific research (the
ratio of basic to applied problems is 2:1 with us) we do not at all tear
our~~?ves away from the "soil." It is precisely on the basis of the latest
r.sults of solid basic research ~hat our scientists do much to increase the
efficiency of the national economy which--and we understand this well--
expects from science today the development of technologies new in principle,
capable of increasing labor productivity, assuring a sav'ing of materials
and improving the quality of production.
~ Today 70,000 persons engaged in science and so-called scientific servicing _
are working in the Ukraine in institutions of the Ukrainian Acad~my of
Sciences. They include 30,000 scientific associates and among them, in
turn, are over 7,000 candidates and doctors in science, over 300 academi-
cians and corresponding members--an enormous army of very highly qualified
specialists. Hundreds of millions of rubles are expended annually on
~ scientific research and the nation and state have the right to expect a
high yield from high expenditures.
Well, if the term "strategy of introduction," that is such a favorite
of journalists, is used, it should be acknowledged that we now vary that
strategy by starting from the requirements of i:ime. Without rejecting at
all the traditional forms of connection of science with production, which
' can be conventionally designated as "institute-plant," we are proceeding
more and more in practice to formulas of the type "institute-sector" or
even "institute-sectors." This is achieved by the compilation of joint
- complex programs by the two interested parties, the institutes of the
Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences and the ministries.
At the present time joint plans are being accomplished with the union minis-
tries--of the chemical, petr~leum and aviation industries, of chemical and
- petroleum machinery building, and with union-republic ministries--of the
petroleum refining and petrochemical industry and non-ferrous metallurgy -
and, in addition, with republic ministries of ferrous metallurgy, geology,
- power and electrification, the meat and milk industry, public health, etc.
As an example I would cite the purposive complex program entitled, "Increase
of the working efficiency and improvement of the use of the depths of quar- `
~ ries of ore-enrichment combines of the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy."
= Eighteen themes of scientific research work are designated in it. The coun-
txy's first experimental production section with a continuous technology of
production will be created. Eight academic institutes, sector scientific =
research and planning-desigr'organizations, ore-enrichment combines and
- industrial enterprises are being drawn into the work. Participating in the
program are six academicians and corresponding members of the Ukrainian
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f� , -
Academy of Sciences, seven doctors and 30 candidates in sciences. The sci- -
entific`leadership has been assumed by the Institute of Geotechnical Mechan- _
ics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
We are also applying a not quite usual form of connection of science with
production: we are organizing sector labs to complete the development of
novelties with the s~affs and allocations.of an interested sector. The
scientists have the scientific leadership. After a problem has been solved
- (the problem can Ue intportant but fairly narrow) the laboratory ceases to
exist. A sector laboratory was crea ted, for example, by joint resolution
- of the presidium of the Ulcrainian SSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR
Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources, when the idea of using
explosives in a new wa y f or the construction of reclamation objects was
born in the Institute of Geophysics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
Today in institu~ions of the Ukrainian Academy. of Sciences th~reaare about
30 sector laboratories. of 16 union ministries. The annual saving amounts
to millions of rubles.
- Scientific aad technological complexes also permit accelerating the intro- _
duction of the results of scientific research into practice. They inalude
an adadP..mic institute arid khozraschet organiz~tions subordinate to it, and
also contracts on creative collaboration with enterprises and institutions.
- Thus we are carrying out (and intend to continue doing so 3n the future)
the instructions of the party to be constantly concerned "about the actual
- transformation of science into a direct productive f orce." Tha Ukrainian SSR -
Academy of Sciences is the coordinator of all scientific work in the repub- -
lic. It orients scientific research institutions toward clearLy determining
positions in their activity, designating the most promising directions of _
development not only of scienc~ its~lf but also of technology and the economy.
Ideally each academic institute ought to actively influence the formation ~
of the scientific and technical policy in its area. If, for example, the -
level of inechanization of welding work on the whole in the Soviet Union -
_ has reached 56 percent today, exceeding the foreign level, that occurred to
a significant degree thanks to the work of the Institute of Electric Weld-
_ ing of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
The 25th CPSU Congress called upon scientists to concentrate attention on
the most important problems of scientific, technological and social progress,
_ on the solution of which the successful development of the economy, culture
and science its~lf will depend to a very great degree. But there are many
problems. In our opinion, it would l~e futile for the republic acAdemies
- to strive for the development of all the major problems of science, assuming
_ the func tions of the USSR Acade.my of Sciences. We have our own goals. We
~ire combining forces and material resources in those scientific directions -
where the republic occupies (or can occupy) leading positions in order to
_ gring the greatest .benefit for all Soviet science, the main task of which
includes "increase... of the contribution to the solution of urgent problems
in building the material and tecY~nological base of communism."
7
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This is a jubilee year for us--the Ukrainian Academy of Sceinces is 60 years
013. We can note with satisfaction that the practical results of the acti-
vity of the U1crSSR Academy of Sciences are very perceptible on the scales
of the entire national economy. I could refer to the useful experience in
collaboration of institutes of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences with the
Moscow "AvtoZIL" Association. Today they are collaborating closely on 28
major perspective themes. The experience proceeds in accordance with a
plan for joint scientific research work which anticipates the creation and
introduction of new technolog;~ and equipment into production in the course
of the period 1976-1980, The developments of scientists of the Ukrainian
_ Academy of Sciences have advanced far beyond the limits of the republic.
They are being successfully used at construction sites of the Volzhskiy
Motor Vehicle Plant and the KanAZ, a special-design blast-furnace at Krivoy
Rog and a"3600" mill at "Azovstal on the Baykal-Amur main line, the
~ Tyumen'-Tsentr gas pipeline, the ~hernobyl'skaya atomic power plant, etc.
- In this, the Tenth Five-Year Plan the scientific research institutions of
the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences are participating in 90 programs insti-
- tuted by the State Committee for Science and Technology under the ~JSSR Council
of Ministers. The scientists of the Ukraine have obli~ated themselves to
fulfill almost 1500 tasks for various sectors of industry, including such
- important ones as machine-tool building, ferrous metallurgy, coal and elec-
trical equipment. Work on welding, automated management systems, environmental
preservation and many other areas has an inter-sector character, which was
discussed above in fairly great detail.
The Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences consists of _
= 440 projects on 16 complex plans which are being carried out today in the _
institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine jointly with the
ministries and departments. Twenty-one complex scientific-technical and
socio-economic programs are now being developed. This has meant a saving
of alrnost 700 million rubles in just the first 3 years of the Five-Year Plan. ~
It is extremely important to note that the experience of our academy has been
discussed by the secretariat of the CC CPSU and has been approved. "The
UkrSSR Academy of Sciences is purposefully orienting scientific research work -
toward rendering aid to industry and agriculture," said Leonid I1'ich Brezhnev
at a meeting with leaders of the academies of sciences of the socialist coun-
tries. "Collectives of the Ukrainian scientific research institutes have
developed many advanced technological processes and production equipment new -
in principle. Completely planning all the work, from scientific idea to its
practical implementation, the Ukrainian scientists achieve substantial -
curtailments of the periods required for introduction of the results of sci- .
entific research into practice. It has been calculated that each ruble of
- resources invested in the development of science in the system of the Ukrain-
ian Academy of Sciences will give a return of the order of five rubles."
We cannot help but be gladdened by those words containing a high valuation _
of our labor. However, we do not think that everything possible has been
8
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done. We will also apply in the future every effort to concentrate our
investigations on.the most urgent scient~fic problems, to expand and deepen
our scientific research in order to contribute to the acceleration of sci-
ent if ic and technologica 1 progress and the growth of the eff ic iency of pro-
duction.
[343-2174]
~ COpYRIGHT; "DRUZHBA NARODOV" NO 5. 1979
?17~i
_ CSO: 1863 -
9
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~ FOit UFFICIAf. US}: ONLY
, B. Unified System or Ryad Series
COMPATIBILITY BENEFITS OF UNIFIED SYSTk~I COMPUTERS
Moscow YRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 7, 1979, outside back
cover '
[Advertisement placed by ELORG for Unified System computers]
[Text] [Slogan] ~
Compatibility of Unified System [ES] computers permits the; effective organi- ~
zation of the work in computing centers of diverse configuration.
[Data table]
Average Perform-
A Computer Size of Operating ance (thousands Multiprogram _
Model Memory (kilobytes) of operations Operation ~
per second) -
ES 1022 512 80 15 working pro-
~ ES 1033 512 140-200 grams simultane-
ES 1035 512 140-160 ously when proces-
ES 1060 8,192 1,300 sor and peripheral
devices are oper-
ating in parallel
- [Sales pitch]
~ The supplier provides:
o Installation and start-up
o Timely delivery of spare parts
o High quality technical servicing
10
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. `j) _
~ ~ ;i
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~ o Qualified field-service specialists to render assistance in organ~z--
ing and perfonning technical servicing
o High-level training for foreign specialists in the importing coun-
tries and in the USSR
~ yy~
` ~ ~ ! f'S^ ~ ~4i~*~4~~ vsi f~~ ~5 I . _
L
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[ELORG address]
Exporter--ELORG _
USSR, 121200, Moscow -
� Smolenskaya-Sennaya [Street], 32/34
Telephone: [phone]
- Telex: 7586
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Mashinostroyeniye, "Pribory i sistemy upravleniya,"
1979
6948.
C50: 1863
~11
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~ C. Hardware
VTO ISOTIlKPEX DISK PACKS _
Moscow PT~IBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 7, 1979, inside back
cover
[Advertisement placed by the Vneshtorgreklama All-Union association for disk
pacics manufactured by VTO Isotimpex in Bulgar'~a] .
[Text]
- Type of Pack
Parameter
ES 5053 ES 5261 E~ 5269 IZOT 5266 -
' Capacity in Mbits 7.25 29/58 2.45/5 100
- Number of disks 6 11 1 12
Number of sides 10 20 2 20 -
used for r~cording
Track density (in 100 100/200 100/200 200 _
tracks per inch)
Recording density (in 1,100 2,200 2,200 4,400
bits per inch)
~ Disk pack compatible IBM 1311 IBM 2314 IBM 5440 IBM 3300
with or equiv- or equiv- or equiv-
alent alent alent
- Specification number 2864 3564 3562 4337
[Slogans]
Modern technology suited to the requirements of the user.
The information given here wi11 persuade you to select us as your supplier.
12
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[Ysotimpex address]
VTO "Isotimpex" Bulgaria
Sofia
Chapayev Street, no 51 .
Telephone: 73-61
Te1ex: ~022731
[Vneshtogreklama text]
ThP acquisition of goods from foreign companies by organizations and enter-
- prises is to be carried out in the established order through the ministries _
and departments within whose control they are.
Requests for prospectus and catalogs should be addressed to:
103074 Moscow
Nogin Place 2/5
Commercial Catalog Section
USSR National Public Scientifl:c-Technical Library '
g~~~
Y~ ~
~ w . c ~''i gr
'~r ~"t ~ a ~4'~~$~ .
~
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3
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r~;"
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Figure 1.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel`stvo Ma.shinostroyeniye, "Pribory i sistemy upravleniya,"
1979
6948
CSO: 1863
13
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UDC 681.327.2
ELECTRO-OPTICAL CONTROL OF MNOP MEMORY MATRICES
Moscow PRIBORY I SYSTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 9, 1979 pp 32-33
[Article by B~I. Borde, candidate in technical sciences, and V.L~
Kuznetsov, engineer: "Electro-Optical Control of Memory MNOP-Matrices"]
[Text] Permanent semiconductor memory units (PPZU; postoyannyye polu-
provodnikovyye zapominayushchiye ustroystva) with electrical transcription _
. and storage of data during power interrupts are promising elements of
electronic computer systems [1]. Industry is producing matrices of the
_ 519RYe1 and 591RYe2 types for the PPZU with memory elements based on
MNOP-transistors [2, 3].
On the basis of 519RYel matrices with a capacity of 16X8 bits it is
possible to develop read-only (ROiM) and random-access memory (RAM) devices
with a low speed but with storage of the data during power interrupts.
For instance, RAMs of this type can be used in peripheral devices of
computer systems. Primarily ROMs are created on the basis of the 519RYe2
matrix with a capacity of 64X4 bits with a partial decoding circuit,~since -
the organization of this matrix provides for data transcription along the
whole string (four four-bit words).
The main difficulty in developing control devices for the permanent semi-
. conductor memory units on the basis of the MNOP memory matrices consists
in the use of relatively high voltages (in the limits of +50 volts) for
recording and erasing data. Commutation of such voltages with the logic
~ integrated circuits existing at the present time is impossible. Recom-
mendecl for control of *he transcribing of data in the FPZU are circuits
on sets of high-voltage transistors [3]. The most essential short-
coming of such circuits ~s the large number of elements. In general
form for a RAM on the basis of 519RYe1 matrices, the capacity of whictt .
is N words, the address processor contains 4(N+1) transistors and
9N+10 resistors. -
14
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In order to simplify the RAM control unit on MNOP matrices it is proposed
to use electro-optical keys. A photoresistor or phototransistor can be used
as the phuto-detector of the optron [4]. The merit of the electro- _
optical key is the possibility of commutation of voltages of great
amplitude of different polarity (respectively up to �30 and +250 volts
for transistor and resistor optrons). For a RAM with a capacity of N
y words on the basis of the 519RYe1 matrices the address processor contains
- N+3 optrons and N+3 resistors (with agreement with the transistor-transi.ster
logic integrated circuits). This is considerably less than in a control
circuit based on transistors. In coordination with the k-1~IDP [metal-
insulator-semiconductor] integrated circuits in the control circuit one
transistor and resistor is added for each optron.
The ma,~n ahortcoming of the electro-optical keys is the comparative~y ~
long,switching time. However this shortcoming does not have~an essential
effect on the access time when using the MNOP~na,trices in the RAM cir-
cuits. In this case the entry-read out cycle is fl.indamentally limited by
the time necessary for erasing anri. entering the data, in the cell, Which
for the series ~19 MNOP matrix is 2-5 milliseconds for erasing and just
as much for er� ~.~ring the data [ 3] .
, a Rr nc nc x u
> > ' RG X
, 2 T 1 2 ? 1
- - 3 m Z k. 3 3 ~
~ ~ DC 1 1
n 1 ~ 1 1
1 1 Q?' ~ k k ,
� n 1 n ~.n Cf
~ ~ ~ n
m C2
~ 3n
_ . CNc ~ D f K1 U :
N ~ ,
� � .CNy 1 1 K? ~t
. j
~ . PJl) 3n 3 KJ Uym
K4
~ , P4m ym K5
. UGM
~ Ftiznctiona.l Diagram of PPZU .(Perme.nent Semiconductor Memory TJ.nit) With ~
_ ~ Electro-optical Control: CN ~t, CV13~, CV1y,~ - synchronous pulses
respectively for erasing, entry, read-out; C1 synchronous pulse .
_ for entering data in the register; C2 synchronous pulse for
outputting data from the register
15 _
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The functional diagram of a PPZU with electro-optical control is presented
in the figure. The unit includes register RG of address A, address
decaders DC of the first and second stages, and register RG of number X,
. serving for exchange of data with the semiconductor accumulator SU. The -
operating regimes of the PPZU are determined by the write-enable signal
P3n and the read-enable signal P4t, entering the decoder of regime CD.
- The decoder processes the signals controlling keys K1-K5, serving for
. receiving the code in the number register and outputting it from the
- register.
Used when developing the memory unit were MNOP-matrices of the K519RYe1
type, in which the total output of the matrices is switched in to the
power potential (+10 volts) for coordination with the k-I~IDP integrated
circuits. In this~case corresponding to voltage Uo of erasing is +58
volts, to voltage U1 of entry, -38 volts, and corresponding to voltage U~ -
of read-out is +3.5 volts. These voltages, depending on the unit's
operating regime are commutated by electro-optical keys K1-K3 to
the common line 0 of the second-stage address decoder, formed by
light-diode optrons, which commutate the voltage leve~s at the ad~ress
inputs of the MNOP-matrices. In the entry regime key K4 courtnutates the .
entry power and bias voltage (-38 volts), and in the read-out regime key
K5 �switches in voltage U~~ (-14 volts). -
- Comparative characteristics by the number of elements in the RAM control
circuits on the basis of the 519RYe1 MNOP-matrices are presented in the
table. The calculation was done for memory units with a capacity of 64
32-bit words~.
Number of
Control circuit
transistors optrons diodes resistors
Using transistors 260 586
Using electro-optical keys of the -
light-diode--photo-diode type 132 128 64 200
- Using optrons of the light-diode--
photoresistor type (agreement
with TTL) 5 6~ " ~0
Using optrons of the l.ight-diode-- -
photoresistor type (agreement with
the MDP) 68 67 130
An electro-optical RAM control circuit for 16 two-byte words has been
tested and is being used in an operating system. ~
16
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References
1. Ma,l'tsev~ A.I. ~ and. others, "MNOP-Ma,trix for Permanent Memory Units
with Electrical Rewrite ELEICrRONNAYA TEKK}~1IKA, SER, MIKROELEICI'RONIKA ~
1974, No 2.
2. "Polevyye tranzistory i integra,l'nyye skhe~y" ~Field-effect transistors _
and Integrated. Circuits], TsNII "Elektronika", Moscow, 1975�
. 3. "Mi.kroskhem~y PPZU s elektricheskoy smenoy informatsii K519RYe1 (A, B)" -
[PPZU Microcircuits with Electrical Data Excha,nge--K519RYe1 (A, B)],
TsNII "Elektronika,", Moscow, 1976.
4~. Varla,mov, I.V., and others, "High-speed Electro-optical Commutator of
.An.a,log Signals," ELEKTRONNAYA TEI~INIKA. SER. MCKR~ELEKTRON2KA, 1973,
No 7.
~ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Ma,shinostroyeniye". "Pribory i siste~rqr
upravleniya", 1979
10908
cso: 1863
. ~
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D. Programming and Software _
UDC 681.3.06:331.015.11 -
- SOFTWARE FOR DIALOGUE BETWEEN OPERATOR AND A CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON THE
M-6000 AUTOMATED SYSZEM OF COMPUTING TECHNICS (ASVT)
Moscow PRIBORY I SISTEMY UPRAVLENIYA in Russian No 6, 1979 pp 1-3 _
[Article by D. N. Kan, I. N. Lukach, and S. B. Nepomnyashchiy, engineers, _
and Yu. P. Savitskiy, candidate in technical sciences] -
[Excerpts] One condition for the smooth performance of an ASU TP [auto-
mated management system for technological process] incorporating a human
operator is that the system software includes a complex of algorithms
and routines for information interchange between the operator and the
control computer. Because the SP0~6000A system, supplied by the manufacturer,
had r:o interactive software it was necessary to write it as custom software
for a particular ASU TP.
A complex of these algorithms (programs), called "Pul't," was developed in
the VIASM [All-Union Scientific Research and Design-Planning Institute for -
Automation of Enterprises in the Construction Materials Industry] (Lenin-
grad). The complex is a component part of the custom sof tware for the -
' ASU TP for making construction materials. When the Pul't man-machine
interactive routines were written, operating experience with similar . ~ ~
systems based on the Dnepr-1 and Tbilisi-1 control computers was used;
With allowance for this experience and based on the functions of the
input/output devices that are part of the ASVT [automated system uf computing
- technics] nomenclature, the main specifications for organizing the Pul't
routines wera drawn up.
1. At any arbitrary moment, the operator must be able to input or to query
necessary data from any input/output device in the ASU TP. This is
because the input/output devices can be placed in different rooms and,
in addition, the input/output devices are much less reliable than the
control computer electronic devices.
2. Ti:~ ir~i~rmation inquiry and input forms must be standradized indepen-
~ dently of the~;,type of input/output device.
~
3. Erroneous information caused by improper operation actions must not be -
allowed to be i.nputted into the control computer, since it can gravely upset
the normal course of the industrial process.
' 18
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b. The inform,~i;ion placed in the cont:rol computer must be recorded; Lh:i:;
is obli ga.tory also when the STDe1.QQO C~:LS~1:~.y console is used as the input -
device.
_ ny~K (1) ~ ~ ~ _
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- Fig. 1
Key: l. START 9. INPUT BEGUN?
2. YES lU. PLACE EQUIPMENT IN INPUT WAITING MODE
3� EQUIPMENT IlUSY? 11. 2 N~N ELAPSED SINCE INQUIRY?
NO 12. "INPUT":=1 CHARACTER
_ 5� INQUIRY AT OU'ITPUT? 13. CLEAR FQUIFMENT
6. INQUIRY AT OUTPUT? 14. CONSOLE
_ 7. "INPUT" CFiARACTER 15. OUTPUT
� 8. "INPUT" CFIARACTER 16. "INPUT: "=0 CHARAC'I~ER
19
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, /lynnm ~
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