JPRS ID: 74819 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200030050-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 80
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 50
• Content Type: REPORTS

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26 DECEMBER i979 N0. 2861 i OF l
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- JPRS 74819
- 26 December 1979
/ th A~rica Re ~rt ~
~lear East Nor
p .
_ . No. 2061. _ ~
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_ ~BIS F~REIGN BROADCAST IN1Ft~RMATION SERVICE -
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I
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sos~~ -~oi
REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1. REPORT NO. 2. 3. RaclplenY~ nccess~on ?+o.
PAGE .IPRS 7A819
4. Title and SubhNc+~ _ -
S. Raport Oet�
_ NLAR EAST/NORTII AFRICA R~POFT, No. 2061 26 December 1979
6.
7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organizafion Rept. No. -
9. PeAorming Oiganl:alion Nama and Addross 10. Project/TnsM/Wurk Unit No ~
Joint Publications Research Service -
- 1000 North Glebe Road 11. Controct(C) or Gront(G) t~o.
Arli.ngton, Virginia 22201
- (G)
72. Sponsoring Organizalion Name ano Address 13. Type of Report d Period Covered
As above _ -
]4. ~
:5. Supplementary Noles -
16. A6stroct (limit: 200 words)
_ This serial report contains information on socioeconomic, government, political,
and technical developments in the countries of the Near East and North Africl. _
17. Document Analysis a. Uescriptors .
Political Sci.ence X Inter-Arab Affairs X Libya X Sultanate
Sociology North African X Mauritania of Oman
Economic.s Affalrs Morocco Syria
Cu7.ture (Social Afghanistan People's Demo- Tunisia
Sciences) Algeria cratic Republic United Arab
, ~Lhnoloby Ba}irain of `lemen Emirates
Geography Egypt Persian Gulf X Western SLhara
Techological X Iran Area Yemen Arab
Mi.litary Scienc~.s X Iraq Qatar Republi.c
Israel Saudi Arabia
~ X Jordan Spanish North
X Kuwait Africa
^ Lebanon Sudan
b. Idcntilicrs/Upen~EndeA Terms
= c. COSATI F'ieldiGroup SD, 5C, 5K, 15
- _ -
- - .
-
18. ~vailability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) 21. No. o( f'a~es
_ Un].:imll-ecl ~vaiJ.abi.li.ty UNCLASSIFIED 76
.">o:l cl hy N7' f S
- ` � [0. Srcurity Class fltiis PaKe) I 27. f~rice a~ .
Sj.r:i n~i'ic].d, ~ ir~ini~. 22161 UNCLASSIrTCD
I
~ (Sea Af.SI-739.181 Sea Inshucfionc on F2uverse UP'fI7NAL (URM ?.72 (d-i 1~
~ (iurrncrly N115~351
~rp:~rtment nl C:~nun.~rcr
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JPRS 74819
- 26 December 1979
- NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT
- No. 2061
COHTEHTS PAGE
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
' Top Liberation Organization Official Delivers Views
(Marwan Hazin; AL-SIYASAH, 13 Nov 79) 1
IRAN
, Background of Ambassadors to Western Europe Reviewed _
(DIE WELT, 30 Nov 79) 7
IRAQ
Government~s Ambitious Agricultural Plans Detailed
(THE ARAB WORLD WEEKLY, 17 Nov 79) 8
Briefs
Asbestos Pipes Plant 12
Aluminum Plant 12
Electric Projects 12 -
Paper Plant Cost 13 -
Textile Production 13 _
JORDAN
Briefs
- Furnace Expansion 14
Magnetic Screening for Minerals 14 -
~ KUWAIT
Fu'ad Matar Sees Dire Consequences in Hostage Situation
- (Editorial, Fu'ad Matar; AL-WATAN, 8 Nov 79) 15
- a - [III NE & A - 121]
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~
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Embassy Seizure Seen Damaging to Iran's Regutation as Well as _
Hopeless
(Editorial, Ahmad al-Jarallah; AL-SIYASAH, 14 Nov 79)... 19
' Iranian-Libyan Relations Hinge on Investigation of Iman's
- Disappearance
(Editorial, Fathi Sharif; AL-SIYASAH, 15 Nov 79) 21
United States Attacked for Exploitation of Arabs, Iranians
(Editorial; AL-QABAS, 9 Nov 79) 23
Iranian Ambassador Speaks on Threat to Gulf Security
_ (Ali Shams Ardekani Interview; AL-WATAN, 9 Nov 79) 25
'AL-QABAS' Sees Military Action Remote
(Jasim Ahmad al-Nisf Editorial; AL-QABAS, 13 Nov 79) 29
Iranians in Kuwait Vigil Demand Solidarity With Teheran
_ Students
(Fathi Sharif; AL-SIYASAH, 16 Nov 79) 31
tiational Oil Company Cites Year's Achievements
(AL-SIYASAH, 12 Nov 79) 33
Nation's Food Subsidy Program Detailed
(AL-SIYASAH, 12 Nov 79) 35 -
Natioizal Petrochemical Company Issues Annual Report
(AL-SIYASAH, 12 Nov 79) 37
LIBYA
Secretary of Justice Speaks on Security, Courts, Rumors
- (Muhammad 'Ali al-Jadi Interview; AL-USBU' AL-SIYASI,
- 9 Nov 79) 40
MAURITANIA
Eight CEAO Financing Agreements Signed
(CHAAB, 16 Oct 79) 54
- Saudi Fund Section Chief Visits, Announces Plans
~ (~HAAB, 15 Oct 79) 55
Minister Discusses Progress of Educational Reform -
(Yahya Ould Menkouss Interview; CHAAB, 22-23, 24 Sep 79). 56
- b -
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~
CONTENTS (Continued) Page
SULTANATE CF OMAN
Development Being Made in Transportation Facilities
('tJMAN, 18 Nov 79) 61
WESTERN SAHARA
SDAR Prime Minister Reviews Saharan People's Struggle _
(Mohamed Lamine Interview;.AL-SHA'B, 6 Nov 79) 65
Briefs
- Military Shift Favors Niorocco 73
- c -
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INTBR-ARAB AFFAIRS
TOP LIBBxATION OBGANIZATION OFFICIAL DBLIVBRS VIBWS
~
Ruwait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 13 Nov 79 p 5
/Article~ by Marwan Hazin: "At a Press Conference in Kuwait, Abu Iyad
Warned of Attempts To Cauae lleapair among Palestinians"/
- /Text/ ~r Salah Khalaf, Abu Iyad, the second man in the Palestine nation-
al liberation movement FATH, warned several Arab information media against
disseminating rumors which attempt to detract from the Palestinian pecaple ~
or seek to make them despair. He said that it is absolutely not permiasible
for some Arab countries to try to create probleme, no ~atter how small,
among the ranks of our Palestinian people.
Abu Iyad was talking at a pres8 conference held yesterday morning at the
site of the FATH office in Kuwait. He stressed that the Palestine Libera-
tion Organization would set out some of the problems fram which the Pales-
- tinian people have been suffering in the Arab countsies, such as travel
- docuu?~:~t, visa, residence and wark,isaues at the lOth Summit Conference,
and would explain the purpose behind these. He said that if there is any
fear on the part of officials in these countries, the organi~ation could
set forth guarantees assuring that thie fear will be eliminated.
He said that while there wer.e attempts to make the Paleatinian people des-
_ perate, this people would never experience despair. He added "The more -
this people is oppressed the more its heroism increases." He said, "We do
- not want to be the cause for the dietress of certain Arab countries. We -
are anxioua to be quiet and do not want to talk about what is giving us _
trouble, because of our concern for Arab solidarityr." He added, "We da
not want to raise any problem now lest our people be defamed more than it
is being now." Abu Iyad did not mention the names of the countr.ies the
Palestiniana are having trouble with but he did strese "We, as leaders,
have been able to control our staffs ao far."
In his press conference Abu Iyad raised five other pointe. He talked
about ttie subject of the Paleatinian state, the south of Lebanon, the
subject of contacts with Europe and the visit by Abu 'Amnar, the head
1 -
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_ of the Executive Council, to a number of European countriea, and th~en ad- _
dresaed himself to the ieeue of Iran and the talk of Palegtinian madiation.
The Palestinian State
Regarding the Palestinfan etate, he said that the notion of establishing
the Palestinian state was presented after the October war, early in 1974
~ specifically, as part of the conditions which have not changed or been
traneformed, either via the 10 pointa or the political platform of the
Paleatine National Congress, all of which demand an independent Palestinian -
state on any vortion of the land which hae been liberated, without any con-
ditions. He sa~d that one of the neceesary attributes of the Palestinian
atate will be military and economic power, Arab solidarity, and the gaining
of allies fr.om the socialist camp and other Buropean countriea, and added
"W~thout these attributes Ane cannot establish a etate or quasi-state."
"The Camp"
Abu Iyad referred to the Camp David Agreements and said that the Palestin-
_ ian revolution has stood against the Camp agreements not becauae it wants
tc enter peripheral conflicts but because these agreements will not realize
~ any national rights for the Palestinian people.
- Pale~dinian Mediation and Iran _
Abu Iyad talked about what was desired of Palestinian m~diation in Iran in
= order to save the hostagea in the American Embaesy, which Iranian atudente
occupied 8 days ago. He vehemently denied that there was any ~ediation in
_ this regard and stresaed "What happened on our part was not mediation but
an atternpt to understand what hae happened and is happening."
He added that the Palestinian revolution had the right to underetand the
objective of the operation and asserted that everything which has been
said about the Palestinian delega~ion's departure to Iran, whether it is -
repeated talk about winning America's aqmpathy or talk of gaining American _
- recognition of the organization through deceit, is to be rejected and not
accepted by our revolution "becauae we reject sy~athy just ae we re~ect
acting through deceit. Thus there is no mediation between ua and the
American agenta." He said, "The Palestinian revolution can do everything
and we are with Iran in every struggle it wages."
Abu a1 Walid
AUu Iyad pointed out that Brig Gen Sa'd Sayil reached Damascua on hia re-
turn from Tehran 48 hours ago after the termination of the mediation be- -
_ tween the Iranian and Palestinian revolutions.
_ 2
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An Honor We Are Not Claiming
In another area, Mr Salah Khalaf denied that the Paleetinian revolution
has offered military support to the Iranian revolutian "Becauae the Iran-
ian revolution is an unarmed one, indeed ia one of the few rare revolut3.ona
in which blood has triumphed over the aword." Abu Iyad ~aondered about the
arms the Palestinian revolution offered to Iran and consequently about the
- armed people who were trained, and said "However, that is an honor we are
not claiming." He said "The Paleatinian revolution has been betting on
the success of the Iranian revolution aince Khomeyni announced the fall of
the Shah, and we have stood beside him." He added, "As I conceive it, had
al-Sadat's Egypt stayed in the Arab ranks when the Iranian revolution oc- -
curred, the aituation in our ar~a would have been completely different."
The Shah and Khomeyni
Abu Iyad referred to the fact that the ~hah had been threatening the secur- -
ity of the Gulf and Saudi Arabia, turning Iran into an armed arsenal. He
added that the Shah had been supplying Israel with oi1, raising the Iaraeli -
_ flag over the biggeat spy center and in addition threatening Arabs, and
that he occupied three islands in the Gulf. Had he stayed, he woul& have _
occupied more, because that was his intent. Khomeyni, however, came and
did away with all this, cutting off the oil, removing the specter of fear
from the area and raieing the Palestinian flag over the Israeli embasay.
The Ideology of the 1~ao Revolutions Is Different
After Abu Iyad had reviewed the difference between the Iran of today and _
the Iran of yesterday, he said that concurrence certainly did not exist
between the two revolutions in everything. He atated that the ideology of
the Pal~estinian revolution assuredly differed from the id~ology of the
Iranian revolution for a number of reasona, among which he mentioned the
fact that the Palestinfan revolution did not believe in factionaliam and -
that it was prepared to coexist with all religions. He emphasized that -
the Paleatinian revolution did not allow itself to be the instrument of _
any revolution and consequently was not subjected to the guardianship of -
the Iranian revolution and that "We refuse to be its guardians and consid-
er it to be an assisting revolution and accept that there be solidarity
betwee~ ;.he two revolutions but not to the extent of concurrence over
everything." ~
Palestinian Contacts and Europe
Mr Salah Khalaf, Abu Iyad, turned to talk about the vieits Abu 'Ammar onade
- to a number of European capitals, describing these visite as achieving _
political successes and victories which did not come from a void. He warned
_ against anyo~ne'e trying to create doubts over these contacts and said that
anyone standing in their way "does not want our revolution to set forth
toward the horizons of the world."
3 _
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He assertec~ that the Palestinian revolution knowa the volume of these con-
tacts and whe~her they would attain a great triumph or ahould be put in
_ their true context.
_ The South of Lebanon
Concerning the eouth of Lebanon, Abu Iyad, the second msn in FATH, eaid -
that the soith of Lebanon ~aaa to a large degree connected to the coming
au~nnit and that the issue of the aouth was not one of the entry or non-
entry of the army but one related to an American plan which sought to have
- the Palestinian revolution face a new Camp David via the south so that the
Egyptian-Israeii peace trcaty could be saved and the ~utonomy conspiracy
could be deviously introduced into the bank and Gaza. Abu Iyad said that
Philip Habib brought this plan on his recent visit to the area and that in
essence it called for the establishment of a temporary truce which would
be transformed into a permanent truce as well as the transfer of the guer-
rillas north of the al-Litani and withdrawal of their weapone, then the
convening of a conference to be attended by Syria, Jordan, the organization .
and Israel "as a bribe."
He etresaed that the organization rejected the plan because it realized
how serious it was, juat like the autonomy plan which has achemed at
settling 500,000 P aleatinians in Lebanon, 300,000 in Kuwait, a further
laxg= number fn Saudi Arabia and the rest in rEmaining Arab countriee. He
added, "However, we will fighC this settlement from a patriotic atandpoint."
Abu Iyad expressed his hope that the isaue of the aouth of ~.ebanon would
be subjected to discussion at the lOth summit in a manner which would not
~ disrupt the conference. He also expressed hie hope thst a single Arab
stand would be declared against America. He repeated the statement that �
the Arab countries had fallen short in performing their dutiea toward the
south and ~".d not give it its due--indeed, did not give it enough due to
survive .e said that the bombs were being used in the eouth of Lebanon _
, which haa not been used in the Viet Nam war and that there was not a houae
or villxge left which had not been hit.
Relations with the Arabs and the Oil States
Abu Iyad turned to talk about the relationship between the Palestinian
revolution and Syria, emphaeizing that relations were good. He said that
the Syrian resistance was a basic element in the development of ths eastern
and northern fronts. In his discussion of the relatfonship between Syria
and the Palestinian revolution, Abu Iyad criticized Libya's poeition and .
added, "We hope that Libya will have a specific political poeition on which
basis it will deal with the revolution."
Abu Iyad stressed "The oil countries have accuatomed ue to the fact that
they take the interests of the Palestinian cause into account." However,
he said that he hoped for a new relationship between the Palestinian
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revolution and the Gulf press and added that there were some shortcomings.
He Warned againat the "preas of the rich," atating that their concern was
- to distort the revolution and turn people to de~pair.
West GeYmany and the Palestine Revolution
Then Abu Yyad talked about West Germany, aaying thaC ita release of two
gue~crillae recently was not an indication of proof of good Will because
"There are more than 20,000 Palestinians in West Germany againet whom op-
presaion and paychological acts are being pract:Cced." He added "Then West
Germany should prove that it ia a country which ie not occupied by America -
and Israel."
Concerning whac is sai.d about the Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian action paper
to be preeented to the lOth Arab Suumit Conference, Mr. Khalaf said "There
. is an attempt to come up with such a paper so that the conferenca will not
be disrupted and involve itself in problema we do not Want." He said that
statements by the Lebanese foreign minister Fu'ad Butrus are stirring up
the hope that a tripartite working paper will be set forth, although a
Syrian-P$lestinian paper is preferable. He said, "This will mean that
there ie a Syrian-Palestinian axis to the degree that it will mean setting
out a conception of what could be unanimous Arab action." _
Mr Salah Khalaf expressed his desire that the Arab summit would aucceed
and said that whoever tried to make it fail wag trying to strike out at
Arab solidarity and bring the Arabs back to the era of blocs.
The Palestinian Rifle
He said that it was in the interests of the Arab atatea that theire be a
Palestinian poaition; otherwise, the settlement would be imposed on the
whole Arab region. He stressed that when the Paleatinian rifle fell that
that would mean the imposition of the settlement on the Arab countries.
He said that abrogation of the Cairo agreement was absolute ly out of the
question. He stressed that the Paleatinian revolution would not allow
itself to be sacrificed for Lebanon nor would it allow Lebanon to be sacri-
ficed for the cause. He pointed out that many weapons now being sent to
Lebanon were now returning to the Arab countries from which they came, in
order to help destroy those countriea. He said that Mr 'Arafat's visit to
Paris would take place only in accordance with an official f nvitation not
masked by ulterior motives outside the scope of the Palestinian cause.
- He added that a meeting between 'Arafat and French President Giscard
D'Estaing outaide France would not be useful or desirable.
Then Mr Mahmud 'Abbas, Abu Mazin, who came to Kuwait the d ay before yaster-
_ day, talked about the joint Jordanian-Palestinian co~nittee to support the
resistance of the people of the occupied territoriea and denied that he
- had withdrawn from the cartmittee. He said that the commiteee wae ~xtant
5
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- and still functioning. He said that the Liberation Organizatian's decision
to support the municipalities in the West Bank came sa a result of the con-
tinuous vexatione to which these municipalitiea had been expoaed under _
_ Israeli military rule, as a consequance of the auc~esa the organization
had attained in bringing national f orcea to leadership centers in the occu-
pied territoriea. He said that the organization had praluced a platform
to create sisterly relationa between occupied territory municipalities and
Arab onea, and that 17 of the existing 31 municipalitiea in the bank as well -
_ as 64 village and local councils have been made siater towns. He pointed
to the sum which the Ninth Arab Summit Conference in Baghdad had all.ocated,
totalling $150 million, to support the resistance of the people of the oc-
cupied territory, including the sum of $100 million to be under the super-
vision of Jordan and the Liberation Organization. He said, "The instalments
- of this sum have not all reached us; the first to reach us was toward the
end of August. This wae spent domestically in accosdance with the priori-
ties of the municipality, public welfare organization and higher and inter-
- mediate education projects, With em~hasis on the city of Jerusalem." He
said that there was a desire to build the Jerusalem University in order to
establish the arabhood of the city and to merge the four universities ir~
the occupied territories into one. He said that the joint cao~nittee had
met three times and atudied the projects in accordance with prioritiea, -
giving loane to 12 housing 8acieties to help them build dwellings for their
people.
He said that the projects presented to the bank were being preaented to the
Gaza Strip. He pointed out that the organization had succeeded in signing
agreements with some Arab countries to sell Gaza Strip citrus in their -
markets. On the project for a Palestinian university abroad, Abu Mazin
said that that project had been bruited about for some time and had reached -
the point of serious diacussion. He pointed to Israel's atte~te to de- -
stroy Islamic sacred places, foremost the sanctuary and the Ddme of the
Rock, and said that occupying authorities had excavated aeven tunnels un-
_ derneath these sacred places on the excuae of looking for the skeleton of
Solomon and that that had threatened these sacred places with collapse.
- 11887
CSO: 4802 -
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1~
BACKGROUND OF AMBASSADORS TO WFSTERN EUROPE REVIEWED -
Bonn DIE jdELT in German 30 Nov 79 p 7
[Text] Khomeyni's new man in London, Ali Afr.ouz, 29 years of age, clamped
down strongly on his staff when he entered off ice 2 months ago. He dis-
missed 22 of the 50 embassy employees who appeared to him to be "anti- -
revolutionary" or unnecessary. The former psychology university lecturer
did not know the first thing about diplomacy. Already persecuted during
his schooldays by the secret police of the Shah, the SAVAK, he quickly
_ advanced to the five-member steering cadre of the Revolutionary Guard
_ a�ter the revolution in February. Afrouz has on his desk in front of him
a sign which says in Farsi: "I represent the 1,000 s acrifices of the Shah
- regime. I represent the Iranian people." _
Mehdi Nawab, 31 years of age, the Iranian ambassador to Bonn, has stated :
_ "My activity in the opposition to ~he Shah suff ices a s the basis for my
work." He .is a skilled machine engineer and former Bosch correspondent
` to DIE WELT. In 1967, during the visit of the Shah to the ~Federal
Rep ublic of Germany, he was an incensed opponent of t he Persian coronation.
Today he loudly ch-ers the Ayatollah Khomeyni: "A miraculous man."
Amir Entezam, 47 years of age, Iranian ambassador to Stockholm, is not
exactl.y publicity-shy. The trained engineer and a member of the Freedom
- Party during the Shah's time was elevated by the revolution to the rank of _
_ vice premier and government spokesman. On 13 June he announced his own
~ appointment as ambassador to Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark and Iceland.
He was accredited to the Scandinavian countries on 28 August. He
prophesied a"new Vietnam" for the Americans should they plan an invasion
of Iran. However, the moral threat of approximately 3,000 Persians who
are allowed to study "together with women" in Stockho lm appears to be more
_ important to him than this political confrontation. -
Shamseddin Amir-'Ala'i, 77 years of age, the ambassador to Paris, is a full- _
blooded diplomat in the squad of the new Iranian representatives to West
- Europe. The holder of a doctor's degree, a lawyer and author of several
1aw textbooks, one on capital punishment, he has decades of experience
in practical po:litics. He was minister of agriculture, minister of
interior, and pol.ice perfect in Teheran. In the beginning of the fifties ~
he was appointed, Eor the first time, ambassador to Brusse]_s. In 1953 he
returned home and, as an opponent of the still young Shah regime, was im-
prisoned. After his release, Amir-'Ala'i began his political fight
~ against the Shah. ~
- ~~n� i~i,nz -
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- IRAQ
GOVERNMENT'S AMBITIOUS AGRICU"LTURAL PLANS DETAILED
Beirut THE ARAB WORLD LdEEKLY in English 17 Nov 79 pp 3-6
[Text] The ruling regime in Iraq, turning to the soil with amb itious plans
{ to make the country self-suff icient in food by 1982, has allocated 10 bn
- dollars for mammoth projects ranging from irrigation dams to model farms
and resettlement. -
A chain of model farms dot the landscape along the highway between Bagh-
dad and Basrah, while efforts are underway to bring vast tracts to the -
north under the plough. Compared with other countries in a~aorld of food
product9cn inadequacies, Iraq is confirmedly lucky.
The uphill battle against salinity persists, while efforts to establish
irri~ation and drainage systems appear won. Saline waters leave white
patches that erode fertility in what could otherwise be rich land. Short-
age of expertise and manpower also have been sharply reduced.
During the current five-year development plan, the Government has been
_ investing at the rate of two bn dollars a year, with a total allocation of
three bn dinars (about ten bn dollars) has been earmarked for agricultural
development under the plan.
The sum amounts to nearly 10 times the size of investment in agricultural
under the previous development plan, which ended in 1976. The plans indeed
_ are ambitious, for a country still importing a great percentage of its
staple foodstuff needs. Iraq can afford to import, but its leadership has
opted to invest into the future.
In pursuing their agricultural expansion projects, the leadership of the
_ ruling Arab Socialist Baath Party have been true to their basic ideals of
policy-to spread a socialist mode of life throughout the country, starting
- with a boost in farm production by means of collectivization. Farmers have
been responding positively to government efforts to set up cooperatives and
collective fa nns, with the government contributing money and housing units.
13aghdad has spent more than 1.7 bn dollars on rura]. housing projects since
1976, building simple brick homes that are complete with water and electricity,
grouped in villages.
$
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In its drive to exgand cultivable farmland horizontally as well as verti-
cally the government realizes that at present or~~y 3.6 mn hectares are
being cultivated of which 1.8 mn hectares are in private hands. This is to
be incorporated into collective cooperatives by 1980. Officials underscore
their policy to make the cooperatives a step on the road toward complete
collectivization. -
The peasant retains the ownership of the land, but once collectivized the
ownership acquires a collective shape. Official statistics show that 1,900
cooperatives are operating in Iraq, along with 79 collectives and scores of
state farms. By 1980, there are to be another 785 cooperatives.
The Tigris project now underway envisages a total investment of ID 133 mn.
Peasants enrolled under the cooperatives have been increased from 63,000
- to 337,000 tilling farms covering 22 million donums.
Capital of the Agricultural Cooperative Credit Bank has been raised to
- ID 50, with the rate of interest on credit lowered from 5% to 3%. The
government has launched the Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Administration,
whose storage capacity has reached 13,100 tons. Grain storage capacity
- has reached 262,000 tons and, by 1980 the total storage capacity is expected
to reach 730,000 tons.
Water storage has been increased from 12.3 bn cubic meters to 86.8 bn. Two
dams now abuilding are to hold back a total of 20.7 bn cubic meters of
- irrigation water, in addition to 1,150 megawatt electric power to run
factories and extend to rural regions.
Reclaimed farmland has been increased from 19,000 donums to 200,000, and -
mechanical tools and vehicles employed have been increased from 10,000 to
22,000 units. Chemical fertilizers now in use amount to 233,000 Cons, or
' eight times~the quantity used during 1968.
A1 Wahda is a model farm on tYie edge of Baghdad, standing out as the van-
guard of the agricultural development drive. Two similar farms are
abuilding east and south of the capital, and about 120 more are envisioned
in northern and southern regions.
West Germany, Dutch, French and East European firms have been engaged to
carry out land reclamation projects, build a string of dams, drill for
water, provide dairy and other farming equipment and supervise poultry
raising, animal husbandry and artificial insemi.nation centers.
- "Al-Wahda is meant to be a mode]_, after which other farms are to be -
patterned," said the farm manager, Mehdi Hassan. "Although it cost us
20.6 million dollars, the farm already has proven its commercial viability. _
We are now making money, selling farm produce and multiplying cattle, sheep
- and poultry."
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The West German contractors Schmidt Ankum provided technical know-how,
personnel and equipment, including air-conditioned units for automatic =
milking chambers. Nearby, the 19.2-million-dollar "April 7 Farm" is near-
ing completion, with contractors coming from the Netherlands, the DEFCO firm. ~
The 41,000-acre farm holds 757 peasant families operating under a collective
farm system. DEFCO also is busy cultivating a 2,300-acre forest on the
Parm's eastern fringe. '
A1-Khalis, the third farm in the vicinity, is rich with 800 Frisian cows,
a chain of dairy plants and animal husbandry centers. The 20-million-
dollar Farm was built by PEC Engineering of France. The farms are
- complete with elementary schools, housing units, sporting clubs, clinics _
and veterinary centers. A limited tract within A1-Khalis has been given
to the Arab Liberation Front, a Palestinian cammando organization, to till.
Income from the tract goes to the ALF command to "finance commando opera-
tions against Israel." _
Rober.t Jenning of Hamburg, told the Arab Economist that agricultural devel-
opment in Iraq is "sure investment, just like money in the bank." He con-
ceded that the nature of terrain a somewhat difficult and problems of
- salinity require constant treatment. Nevertheless, he said, once these
problems are contained, fruit from the model farms, which required vast =
investment, "will show unlimited profit and prove to be economically viable." _
.fenning was employed by the West German firm Schmidt Aknum, builder of the
~ Wahda model farm. Iraqi men and women are employed by the model farms, -
and Dr Sabah Taha lives at April 7 with her agriculture engineer husband.
Dr Sabah is a"happy veterinarian, hecause I love animals and nature."
"Frisian cows, a breed that flourishes in the Netherlands, can adapt per- ~
fectly to conditions here," said Dr Sabah. "But initially, these cows
suff.er from some diseases during their first year here. Afterwards, they
- fit well in the farms." Aziz Beithoun, the resident engineer at A1-Khalis, -
also said the model farm experiment has been an "example of perfect
success, technically as well as economically."
He keynoted the "high living standards" of the peasants and the enormous
costs involved in providing hospital care and schooling for their families.
Nonetheless, he said, income from the farm has been "more than rewarding."
The Haditha irrigation scheme, one of the biggest in the country, is to
cost a total of 210 million dinars. There also is a vast project underway
- with Soviet assistance--a canal from Lake Trarthar, north of Baghdad, to the
Euphrates. The Lake takes water from the Tigris through a flood-control
- canal. The new canal will enable Iraq to raise the level of the Euphrates
- by taking water from the projected lake, thereby improving irrigation. ~
13eyond A1-Khalis, a new settlement has been cropping up on the main highway
between Baghdad and Basrah, on the alluvial plain near the Tigris. The
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The settlement looks neat, with burned brick houses and feder roads. The
peasants hoeing the fields are naturalized Iraqis imported from the over- `
crowded Nile Valley in Egypt. They are leading the stream of Egyptian
emigrants to what- might turn out tn be one of the most impressive experi- _
ments in the Arab world--a mass shift of peasants from overcrowded Egypt
to underpopulated regions in Iraq.
_ Officials said it is still very much an experiment, the first resettlement
of some 2,500 Egyptians from eight Nile Delta provinces. The initial stage
took a relatively short time in 1976.
Egyptian peasants going to Iraq could mitigate problems of overpopulation,
if carried out on a broader scale. Iraq, which has only 12.7 million
people, extends on an area that once held and supported 45 million. Short
_ of farmer as it is, Iraq still has to import food.
Egyptian peasants aze, indeed, better accommodated in Iraq than they were
at their impoverished villages at home. The idea behind this was to ensure
an easy transition for these families. They are not integrated into the
Iraqi lifestyle as yet, but have been exerting themselves to assimilate -
Iraqi ways. "I can't help wondering about these Egyptians," an Iraqi
official said. "They are extremely nice and obedient. They are hard work-
~ ing and faithful. But the men often are apt to take more than one wife
if they can afford it." These Egyptians are given the Iraqi nationality and
are permitted to coexist with the local peasants. But the;~ have simply
transferred Egyptian village ways to Iraq. These Egyptians have the ten-
dency to do things their own way, unless some official with authority dic-
tates a change of styles. Cooperatives, for instance, are on the plain -
- and provides unlimited technical assistance and expertise, the Egyptians
have ignored them and have been pursuing traditional ways of tilling the
- soil. The land has been divided into small tracts cultivated by hand.
"I tried to get them to explain why, but no one would give me the reason
- behind their aversion against tractors," the same official said. "However,
I must say that my problems with those Egyptians are minimal, and I'm
looking forward to a greater cooperation with them."
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IRAQ
BRIEFS
ASBESTOS PIPES PLANT--An asbestos pipes plant in the Taamim governorate has
_ neared completion, (due in the first quarter of 1980). A source of the
~ State Establishment for industrial design and construction announced ttiat
the project aims at meeting local demand for asbestos pipes that are widely -
used for irrigation. [Text] [Beirut ARAB WORLD WEEKLY in English 17 IVov 79
p 11]
ALUMINUM PLANT--The Iraqi government has agreed to buy 150,000 tonnes of
al.uminum oxide annually from Jamaica to be used by a new aluminum plant -
which is underway and is due for completion early next year. The announce- _
_ ~nent ma.de by the Jamaican government in Kingstown did not specify the exact
date on which export of the Bauxite will start. The Jamaican Prime Minister
was recently in Baghdad. [Text] [Beirut ARAB WORLD WEF.KLY in English
17 Nov 79 p 12]
ELECTRIC PROJECTS--The State Establishment for Electricity in Iraq has
completed over the past 9 months, a number of electric projects and the
installation of several generating stations, in the various governorates.
The Director of the Establishment Mr Hareth Jamil recently announced that
the first phase of the high tension project for the southern district -
has been completed at a cost of ID 70 million and has a capacity of 400,000
volts. The central generation stations have also been completed in Hartha.
~ The Director Mr Jamil added that during the sime period the Nassriya station
was completed. The second phase of that station will be put on experimental
operation next month. Other units will also be put on experimental operation to
~enerate a 130 volt current while the Establishment has started work on the
first phase of the high tension project connecting the north and central
regions. This is in line with Iraqi plans to connect all areas to the high
tension power grid. Mr Jamil finally said that so far this year electric
power has been connected to 730 villages and the technical teams of the
Establishment has started work on preliminary plans for spreading electric _
power to 6000 villages. [Text] [Beirut THE ARAB WORLD WEEKLY in English
17 Nov 79 p 12]
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PAPER PLANT COST--The Iraqi daily AL JUMHOURIYA recently reported that the
Traqi Planning Board has raised the cost of the Basrah paper pulp plant
covered by the current year's development programme. The cost of the plant
expansion works have been raised by ID 368 thousand thus reaching
ID 46,198,000. The board also agreed to raise the annual appropriations
� for the plant by ID 2.5 million to reach ID 6,084,000. The planned capacity
of the project is 136,000 tonnes of paper pul'p equivalent to 30,000 tonnes
of quality paper, 17,000 tonnes of printing paper, 8,000 tonnes thin light -
typing paper and 4,000 tonnes of toilet paper. The plant provides employ- -
ment for 1320 workers. [Text] [Beirut THE ARAB WORLD jdEEKLY in English
17 Nov 79 p 127]
TEXTILE PRODUCTION--The State Establishment for Textile Production has achieved
92 percent of its targeted production of carpets, 89 percent of its plastic
bag production targets and 54 percent of its jute textile production tar-
gets over the past nine months. This was announced by the Establishment's -
' Director Mr Yassine Abdullah Jassim who said a new carpet plant will start
_ production next year with an annual capacity of 1 million meters and at a
total investment cost of ID 4.5 million. [TextJ [Beirut ARAB WORLD WEEKLY -
in English 17 Nov 79 p 12J _
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~ JORDt1N
BRIEFS
FURNACE EXPANSION--Mr Walid Asfour, the director of the Amman Cement Company
recently announced that the fifth klinker furnace bei~g installed at the plant
will be operational early next year. In an interview with the monthly bulle-
tin of the Chamber of Industry in Amman, Mr Asfour said the capacity of the
cement plant after the f urnace is installed will reach 2,500 tonnes daily. -
_ Mr Asfour added that Jordan`s demand for cement is in the range of 6,000
tonnes per day which means that with the new furnace coming into operatioii
imports of cement can be reduced, Mr Asfour also spoke o~ a sixth furnace
_ tenders for which will be invited soon and the furnace should be installed
and operational by 1981. The estimated capacity of the sixth furnace is
3,000 tonnes. On finance of the expansion works Mr Asfour said the company
had rP.ceived fresh loans from a consortium of European banks amounting to
- JD 5 million mainly to finance the fifth furnace expansion. Mr Asfour also
revealed that the company had also arranged for a JD 5 million loan from
domestic sources of finance and planned to issue IOUs in the amount of
= JD5 million.[Text] [Beirut THE ARAB WORLD WEEKLY in English 17 Nov 79 p 37] -
MAGNETIC SCREENING FOR MINERALS--Magnetic screening is underway in Jordan
for the delineation of mineral rich areas in which future investments can -
be channeled. The screenship is conducted by Phoenix of the U.S. head-
quartered in McLean, Virginia under a$1.3 million contract signed last
August. An American gealogist in the company`s expert team said a DC 3 plane, o
equipped with the most advanced magnetic screening equipment will be conduct-
ing daily flights over Jordan and for three successive months. Mr Gordon -
Anderson of the Phoenix Company said the magnetic screening which started
on September 25 will cover an area of 45,000 kilometers and should be com-
pleted by the enZ of the year. A second stage of the project includes an -
electro-magnEtic screening of the area southwest of Jordan over a stretch _
of 19,000 kilometers. The area to be screened is nearby the Jordanian- '
Israeli disengagement line and in areas where the DC 3 can fly a helicopter
will be used flying 30 meters above the surface. Mr Anderson said electro-
magnetic screening penetrates the ground to depths of 3,000 meters giving
a detailed outline of the structure of the earth's strata. U.S. and
`iugoslav companies had previously prospected for oil in Jordan but made no
- strikes but Jordanian off icials are hopeful that the new screening will
lead to positive results. [TextJ [Beirut THE ARAB WORLD WEEKLY in English
17Nov 79p3]
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KUWAIT
FU'AD MATAR SEES DIRE CONSEQUENCES IN HOSTAGE SITUATION
Kuwait AL-WATAN in Arabic 8 Nov 79 pp 1, 10
[Editorial by Fu'ad Matar: "Fear of Iranian Deversoir"]
[TN: Deversoir Is Point of Israel: Suez Canal Breakthrough in 1973 War]
[Text] As long as the U.S. administration insists intentionally ot1 not
acknowledging that there is a people whose land has been usurped, whose
citizens have been displaced and who have been replaced by a racist state--
a state which the United States supplies with money, weapons and experts
and with which it coordinates at the security level--as long as the U.S.
administration insists on following this course, then there is no harm
if this position is reassessed as a result of a deal, even if some will
consider th~s deal a form of blackmail.
Until the detention of the hostages in Tehran by the green guard of Khomeini, -
_ no Arab weapon employed as an instrument of pressure on the U.S. position
has achieved trie required purpose, perhaps be cause the weapnns have not
been used well and perhaps because they have not been used fully.
- If we examine these weapons one by one, this fact would become very
obvious to us.
- The weapon of deposits has not been used at all, except for the fact that
some people have stopped depositing their funds [in U.S. banks] while _
athers have continued t~ do so. The justification that the depositors
whisper in the course of analyzing and defending this position is that
the United States will not return anybody's deposits because these de-
posits are (not], to start with, in a strong b ox whose key is in one of
the drawers of the U.S. president but are emp loyed in businesses and
establishments and are not easy to collect and deliver to their owners. _
The weapon of Arab investments has also not b een used at all. An evi-
dence of this fact is that the latest official statistics in this regard
show that the volume of these investments has amounted to 43 billion
dollars.
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When a debate is held with some of the Arab officials who supervise the
_ transfer of deposita; and who approve the measures for the conversion of
funds for the purpose of investment, we are s~:rprised to find that their
- argument is based on the logic that the more funds we deposit in the United
StaCes and the more money �ae invest in it, the greater will be the degree
by which we can influence the U.S. decision. But this explanation which
is more of a reading than of an explanation, has been proven invalid by
evidence of the fact that we have not yet been able to notice the impact
of the Arab thumbprint on the U.S. decision. Meanwhile, we discover
something that is a lot more serious, namely that some of the deposits
- and investment go to Israel. Statements made a few days ago by the new
Israeli minister of finance confirm this fact indirectly. The Israeli
minister announced that Israel's foreign debts amount to 4.5 billion -
dollars. In view of the fact that the United States is the only country
in the world that advances loans and aid to Israel without any reservations
and in view of the fact that a big percentage of the Arab deposits and
investments is in the United States, then it is natural to asstune that
the so~srce of Israel's debts, or of a large percentage of them, is Arab
money deposited or invested in the United States.
- Thus, it is not only that the investments weapon has not been used but
rather that the United States has employed this weapon in a counter Arab
riirect~i_on.
The oil weapon has also not been used in the manner that could hurt the
U.S. administration and make it reassess its position. At the outset, ~
there was some kind of a threat to use this weapon. When the threat de-
veloped and entered the phase of implementation, the U.S. administration
- began to plan for a counter blow instead of planning for what may appease
the oil owners. The counter. blow was embodied in the Camp David deal
which could have, had it not been confronted with the Baghdad sumt:?it,
caused a complete Arab collapse. Perhaps such a collapse was what the
U.S. administration had been seeking.
Even though most of the Arab decision makers are convinced of the evil
U.S. intentions, they have not yet brandished the weapons of pressure in ~
the face of the United States. The only weapon brandishing has continued
to be the threates of an oil embargo--threats that have lost their
credibility among the Arab citizens.
Practically, using the oil weapon after the Camp David deal was more -
strongly required than its use in the preceding periods. It is definite
that if this weapon had been used, the deal would have fallen through
immediately, and with it the parties involved or some of them.
What is said about these three weapons can also be said about the weapon
represented in the Soviet card which has not been played the way the rules
- of the game require it to be played. Had this game been played skilfully,
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the U.S. administration would not have been able to continue to flout
the Arab will.
Now it seems that the detention of the U.S. hostages by Khomeyni's greeti
guards is a weapon that can be used well and bear fruit. -
Regarding this event, there are a number of observations from which the
= answer can be concluded.
First observation: We wish that the Palestinian move to rescue the hos-
tage s had not been staged before a public contact on the part of President
Cart er with Yasir 'Arafat, the Palestinian revolution leader. Now that
_ the move has been staged in the wake of a secret U.S.-Palestinian contact,
Imam Khomeyni is required to take charge of the matter. -
Second observation: It is enough for Imam Khomeyni to order, while
squatting on his blanket in Qom, that detention of the U.S. citizens con-
tinue until the iI.S. administration pledges to recognize the PLO and to
permit it to open an office in Washington with the Palestinian flag flying
over it--it is enough for Imam Khomeini to do this to cause an unprece-- -
dent ed sttr in all states of the Unite~ States.
It is well known that Imam Khomeyni does not bargain and that the secret
of h is strength ?~ies in this quality. Had the imam demanded instead of -
making it a precondition that the ailing shah be handed over to him for
the release of the hostages, he would have shown the world that his belief
in the Palestinian issue is strong and that this issue, compared to the
issue of the ailing shah, is the fundamental one.
More over, to take advantage of the fearful ongoing struggle in the United
Stat es for the presidency in the wake of Edward Kennedy's decision to
declare himself a candidate, it is enough for Khomeyni to say that he will
hand over the citizens [hostages] to the candidate who declares publicly
- that he will recognize the PLO and will exert efforts to realize the
Pale stinian people's aspirations--it is enough for Imam Khomeini to say -
- this to cause unprecedented confusion in the U.S, ranks.
Thir d observation: We will be surprised if Imam Khomeyni does not do this
because such a thing needs a historical leader who has come to power from
beyond the framework of the conventional endeavors and premeditated plans,
as p roven by the fact that his rise to power has surprised even those who
draw up the equations and develop the plans. -
More over, this leader has nothing to fear for--not throne, not age and not
the pleasure of life and the joy of living. He is content from life with
his blanket and with a little bread and water that keep life going in
- his heart.
We s ay that he has nothing to fear because the U.S. retaliation for these
days in which America's face is ::iapped with unprecedented violence by
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the ayatollahs ruling Iran will be fearful.
Fourth observation: Complementary to the preceding observation is the
question: What can President Carter's administration do?
Interfere militarily?
The United States, which preferred not to interfere to strengthen the shah,
which preferred not to permit the shah to take political asylum in it after
his fall and which has received the shah only after he got sick with cancer,
will not embark on military action so as to avoid entaglement [sic].
Will it work to overthrow the regime in Iran?
Is there a regime in Iran for the U.S. intelligence agencies to topple?
However, we feel, while asking Imam Khomeyni to use the hostages weapon
in the interest of a change in the U.S. position toward the Palestinian
- issue, anxiety and we fear that a gap will develop in the ,ituation if
_ settling the issue of the ho~tages is prolonged. It is ni 'essential that
the gap be of the type of the Entebbe operation. However, 't may be of the
type that achieves what the Deversoir gap achieved.
849 4 -
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KUWAIT
EMBASSY SEIZURE SEEN DAMAGING TO IRAN"S REFUTATION AS WELI, AS HOPELESS
Kuwait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 1~ Nov 79 p 1
[Editorial by Ahroad al-Jarallah s'The Only Thing New in Iran Is Increased
Loss of Interna,tional Reputation"~
[Text~ When Late President Ja,mal 'Abd.-al-Nasir xas defeated in 1967, his
~ main excuse was~ "I had expected them from the east, and they came from the -
xest." _
Perhaps something of this sort ha.s ha.ppened and is still ha,ppening now be-
tWeen Teheran and Wa.shington. The regime in Iran was convinced that oil
would be the decisive xeapon~ and that merely talking about cutting it off
- from Washington would be a frightening thing to the American people and the
administration. The regime in Iran has to have realized by now that Amer- -
ica itself doesn't xa,nt Iranian oil. More than tha.t~ what ha.ppened in Te-
heran is still unacceptable to the oil-prod.ucing states, who axe against it
although they haven't said so. In fact, the people of this region don't -
see ar~y exemplary demands or goals in such acts, especially sinee they have
come to desire to deal xith the peoples of the xorld in understandable,
more persuasive language.
- It might have been possible to accept conduct such as hi~acking an American
plane, but kidnapping a diplomatic mission Hith the support of the politi- _
- cal leadership is a confusing, reprehensible ma~ter. -
Nox 10 ~days have passed since the opera.tion, and the qu~stion is: xha,t
ha.ve those xho kidnapped the American mission accomplished~ except hopeless
attempts, oontaining assurances tha,t the mission is ~ell, that they are
eating and drinking three Iranian mealss a day, tha.t they have Hater, and
that they are not suffering any a~npleasantness? Wt~y do all this, inasmuch
as it is now certain that the Sha.h xill not return to Iran, ar, if he re-
- turns, would be accompanied by the fleet of a ma,~or power, to repeat what
ha.ppened in 1953? Wl'io knows if there ha.ve been some arrangements made over
the red line between the Russians and the Americans--to do something?
Neither one xould lose a thing if the new regime in Teheran disappeared.
Iran doesn't need the world.'s ambassadors and the press of other countries
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to confirm that the hostages are well, as if the intention xere to lessen
xorld reaction to an incident the ca.lcu~a.tions for which xere imprecise and
the results of Which are not guara,nteed or Imoxn. There are those who said
in the past, "If I wanted you to obey, I would ask the possible." What
is ha.ppening now is that America dcesn't want Trania.n oil, and surely there
- are many countries ready to sell America oil as long as the circumstances
demand humane, ~ustifiable compensation for an incident rejected around the
world. -
Fina,lly, nothing ne~W has happened up til noW except an increase in Iran's -
loss of international reputation. _
- g559
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KUWAIT -
IRAIVIAN-LIBYAN RELATIOI~'S HINGE ON INVESTIGATION OF IMAM'S DISAPPEARAPdCE
KuKait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 15 Nov 79 p 17
_ [Editorial by Fathi Sharif ~'The Iranian Revolution--Has the Right Time
Arrived for Cooperation with the Libyan Revolution?"~
[Text~ We don't 3mow if Iran's decision to establish diplomatic relations
Hith Libya xas condit~ona.l on the formation of a committee to investigate ~
- or examine the facts in the disappearance of Imam Musa al-Sadr. The Iranian -
leadership still believes that the Libyan government is responsible for his
disappearance. -
Tre decision announced yesterciay by Iranian Foreign Minister al-Hasan Bani ~
_ Sadr seems ambiguous and indefinite--to the point of giving political circ-
= les here the impression that the establishment of diploma.tic relations be-
; tween the two countries is conditional on the formation of this committee.
In fact, these circles have come to think that the establishment of these
rela.tions will not be declared until this committee fialishes its mission
and Libya is acquitted of this charge ~ust as the wolf Nas acquitted of the
blood of Jacob's sonl
This .is a unique xay to establish diploma.tic relations between two countries!
This surprise decision by Iran stirred up other questions~ some of which
pertained to the timing of the announcement-- just before the Arab swnmit
conference--and the anticipa.ted I,ibyan reaction. Will it accept this con-
dition on the establishment of rela.tions with the Iranian revolution and
- wait for the verdict o~' the committee, which might put, the Libyan revolu-
tion's Arab and international regard and trust to tl~iis critical test?
Libyan sources commented on this decision to AL-SIYASAH ~ saying that it was
a positive decision aimed at taking the first step on the roa.d to official
political action, since rela.tions between the two countries do not go be- =
yond the popula.r level. These sources said that during the exchange of
_ popula.r delegations between the two countries ~ the latest of which xas the
visit by an Iranian mass delegation repr~senting the revolutionary youth,
- headed by a revolutionary leader, Mohamed Muntazari, to Tripoli for the
- 1 September celebrations, the need and possibility of the two revolutions' -
concurring on the same goals was st~essed.
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Libyan sources indicated that there are no complications on the Libyan side
with respect to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Iranian
revolution, ancl that it xelcomes any Iranian decision aimed at strengthening
- and establishing these relations. Iranian sources stress the need to ob-
tain pr$cise information about the disappearance of lmam Musa al-Sa.dr bP-
fore establishing any relations with Libya, since the revolutionary leaner-
= ship in Iran still believes that the Libyan leadership is responsible for
this disappearance. Therefore, the truth must be arrived at if these dip-
lomatic relations are to be established on sound ba.ses.
But, more important than all that, and what Yias attracted the attention of _
. political circles, is the timing of the Iranian decision's announcement,
since those circles believe that the Iranian decision cannot be isolated -
_ from the political and psychological climate in which the Iranian revoluti-
on now exists.
In the opinion of these circles, the Iranian revolution has become the ob-
ject of pa,rticula.r feelings of displeasure on the pa.rt of most Arab states
_ for its po:titical actions and ideas and their effects on the region. There-
fore, its turning to the Libyan revolution might greatly help it to build
- strong bridges with the Arab Naghreb in Libya and Algeria~ since the Lib-
_ yan and Algerian revolutions are waging a struggle against American power
in the region. _
_ ThereforF~~ some of these circles believe that sending an Iranian committee -
to 1_~ibya to investigate the disappearance of Imam al-Sadr is a formal ques-
tion requiring a bold act, with which Ima,m Khomeini has promised to estab-
lish diploma,tic relations with Libya. If matters go as expected, thes~
circles anticipate a visit by Col al-C~adhdhafi to Tehe.ran at the end of the e
- year to announce the cleaving together of the Iranian and Liban revolutions;
a visit which the colonel has ~zanted to make ever since Maj 'Abd-al-Salam
= Jallud visited Teheran several .months ago but which the Iranian revolution-
ary leadership postponed to a time it felt more suitable.
It appears that now the Iranian revolution has found the right time!
_ 8559
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KUWAIT
UNITED STATES ATTAG'KED FOR EXPLOITATION OF ARABS, IRANIANS
Kuwait AL-QABAS in Arabic 9 Nov 79 p 1
[Editorial: "U.S. Superman Detained in Tehran"]
[Text] The road to the U.S. mind and hea.rt is closed to the Arabs. Israel
has gotten used to closing it by a"flying ~~oadblock" every time an
- opportunity presents itself in this sphere.
~ The United States itself has the characteristics of ingratitude. Its -
morals are its dollars, its faith is its election votes and its friend -
is whoever succumbs to it, strikes with its sword and is content with
whatever share it gives him without questioning and without arguments. Its
enemy is whoever maintains his dignity in its presence, raises his head in -
front of it and does not shirk arguing with it. Against such an enemy,
the United States quickly raises its weapons either directly or~through
. its accredited agents in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and Southeast
Asia. The United States then feels astonished when the side which it
attacks resorts to defending itself by raising its weapons in the face of
the United States.
The United States is now perplexed and is looking for a means to rescue
its citizens who are held hostages in its embassy in Tehran. It will not _
hesitate to resort to any solution to resuce them, even if such a solution
, undermines it as a super power and even if such a solution calls for -
smuggling them aboard a helicopter from the roof of the embassy, as its
last ambassador in Vietnam was smuggled.
This U.S. superman is surprising. T.t provokes wars in the world, it
digests tlie rights of peoples, it fans the fires of domestic ar~d regional
seditions and it sheds the blood of people in tens, hundreds and thousands.
The U.S. superman has turned into an angel of death harvesting the lives
~ of peoples in the third world to keep busy the U.S. plants producing -
_ weapons, instruments of destruction and annihilation and all the munitions
they need.
But this U.S. superman gets perplexed if an angel of death produced by the -
third world and not by the U.S. factories of evil appears to him. This
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superman does not know how to act when confronted by an act like the
_ seizure of the U.S. embassy in Tehran.
Will the solution come to this superman from the Iranian revolution itself,
from the Palestinian revclution or from the cooperation of both and at
what price will this solution come?
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KUWAIT
IRANIAN ANIBASSADOR SPEAKS ON THREAT TO GULF SECURITY -
_ Kuwait AL-WATAN in Arabic 9 Nov 79 p 11
[Interview With Dr Ali Shams Ardekani, Iranian Ambassador to Kuwait;
"Iranian Ambassador Answers 'Innocent Question;' We Call for Replacing
Balance of Fear_ by Balance of Love; United States Is Danger Threatening
Gulf" ]
[TextJ In reply to what was published in 'Innocent Question' column of
AL-WATAN edition of last Monday, Dr Shams [Iranian ambassador] said: The
answ~r to the person who wondered who threatens the Gulf security and why
_ this security is threatened can be reached by logical conclusion founded
on scientific bases.
Before anything else, we must survey the dynamic forces operating in the
Gulf area and the interests operating in the area, must find out where _
these interests get entwined and then determine the identity of who wants
- to interfere to protect his threatened interests.
Before proceeding, I would like to turn back to the recent past. Before
the inception of the Islamic revolution in Iran, the Gulf area particularly
_ and the Middle East generally were the stage for the equation of fear and
terror which was patronized by the Americans and the shah.
- This balance of fear and terror was operating to protect the interests of
the United States directly and the interests of its ally, Is:rael. Those
interests were two-sided: =
A. Military and political.
B. Economic.
Economically, I say that because of the low U.S. production growth raze
- in comparison to the European, Soviet and Japanese production, the United
States was doomed to a partial loss of its military and political influence.
_ But the imperialist character of the U.S. economy did not permii: the U.S.
administration to accept this fact. This is why we saw this administration _
get embroiled in a brutal war in Vietnam in the 1960's.
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But losing the Vietna^~ war taught the Americans a lesson and, consequently,
_ produced the "Nixon Plan" which was built on the basis of the following
concept: If we do not want the Vietnam mistake to be repeated, then we
must solve the problems to which the U.S. interests are exposed in any
area by exploiting the peoples of that area to guarantee the U.S. interests.
This led, the Iraniar. ambassador goes on to say, to the selection of puppet
rulers in every area to perform this task.
Each of those rulers had smaller puppets revolving in his orbit.
The former shah was chosen to be the puppet in this area and he performed
the role drawn up for him very accurately. That role peaked with the
involvement of Iran and the Iranian people in the war that took place in
Oman between Sultan Qabus and the Dhofar revolutionaries. -
The shah also cooperated with the Israelis militarily and economically _
through cooperation between the Mosad and the Savak on the one hand and
through supplying Israel with 70 percent of its oil needs on the other.
Then came the Islamic revolution, supported by millions of people, and
changed the balances after offering hundreds of thousands of martyrs.
This revolution did not erupt with the aim of expelling the shah and
instating another person in his place but to strike the interests of the
United States and of its main ally, Israel, especially since the United -
- States and Israel had been working ceaselessly to strike the Iranian people's
inte.rest from the time when Mosaddeq's revolution was foiled.
Economically, the shah played the role of the policeman protecting the U.S.
interests ~ecause he used to collect money from the rivals of the U.S.
economy, namely Japan and the Europeans, and then delivered what he col-
- lected to the United States through the purchase of unnecessary weapons
- and through fruitless investments in the United States itself.
- Those positions which the shah adopted forced other countries in the area
to purchase weapons from the United States and to invest a part of their
- monies in it r,rith the aim of countering the s~ah's influenee in Washington.
- In other words, the United States took, as a result of the presence of the
shah and of Israel, a large part of the assets of the area's countries
and of the European countries and Japan and added it to its own assets.
The outcome of every oil price increase used to go to the U.S. treasury
_ indirectly.
_ It is natural to say that the capitalistic struggle between the United
_ States on the one hand and Europe and Japan on the other al~aays ended with
the triumph of the United States because of the presence of the shah.
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Cake
- But now that everything has ehanged, how can the United States protect its -
interests?
Here I would like to project a simple visualization. If we liken the
international non-communist economy to a cake, then the center of this cake
and its sweetest part must inevitably exist in this area.
This is why any action seeking to foil the Islamic revolution in Iran will
- inevitably lead to serving the U.S. interest in the international balance.
This is on the one hand. On the other hand, the failure to foil this
revolution will open the eyes of peoples in the rich countries to the
importance of their resources and will motivate these peoples to strike
the U.S. interests that oppose their own interests.
After this presentation, we can of course dEtermine who the enemy is. The
U.S. interests conflicting with the popular interests point out by them-
selves who the enemy is.
Just for a reminder, I must point out that U.S. Senator Henry Jackson has -
said that it is the duty of the U.S. administration to protect the U.S.
interests in the Gulf, even if by military intervention.
Therefore, I call for replacing the balance of fear and terr~r that pre-
vailed under the reign of the shah by a balance of love and understanding
so that we may work together to exploit all our resources and our capa-
- bilities to develop our countries and to strike our common enemy, repre-
sented by the U.S. imperialist interests and by the interests of Israel,
the main protege of the United States.
We Are not Ones Causing Misunderstanding
[QuestionJ As long as you cal'1 for establishing a balance of love ~nd
understandixig in the area, then why do you, I mean your government, allow
- some of those considered your supporters to engage in acts or to circulate
- rumors that create misunderstanding between you and other states in the
area?
[Answer] We are not the cause of the acts leading to misunderstanding.
The cause comes from those who create imaginary persons and then attack
them.
One of those imaginary persons has been Mr Rohani. I can say that if there
- was no Rohani they would create one because they need such characters.
I was extremely surprised when I read in the Arab papers that Rohani is
a member of the Iranian Revolution Council. As a journalist seeking the
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truth, I suggest that you embark on a fact-finding investigation to find
out who was the first person to say that Rohani is a member of the
Revolution Co uncil. Rest assured that this person will be an agent of
either the U.S. intelligence or the Israeli intelligence.
[Question] But don't you think that the presence of a constitutional
vacuum insof ar as the position of the head of state in Iran is concerned
and that the multiplicity of the authorities currently existing in Tehran
will prevent reaching the desired understanding and harmony between the
area's state s on the one hand and the Iranian revolution on the other?
No Constitut ional Vacuimm -
" [Answer] There is no constitutional vacuum or what is called in political
science the duality of authority in Iran. The domestic Iranian conditions
reflect the revolutionary momentum and not a duality of the authority and
this is an indication of strength and not of weakness.
The problem is that some people compare the post-revolution Iran with other
countries af t er military coups are staged in them and where tanks occupy
the streets and impose a curfew. In Iraa, everybody can say what he wants,
except for those who cooperated with the Savak and those who are now
coopera.ting with the imperialist interests.
After the revolution, all the papers published under the shah's reign were
allowed to continue and new papers were also allowed to be published. Only
those papers that had dealt with the Savak were banned. -
United State s Planted Wind So Let It Reap Storm
(Question] Don't you think that the government's failure to protect the
- U.S. embassy when it was attacked and then occupied by Iranian students _
reflects the absence of government in Tehran?
[Answer] No t at all. The g~vernment is present and it exists throughout
Iran. The I ranian Government could not have protected the embassy and
those present inside it without shedding a lot of blood. _
- It must not b e forgotten also that the masses` storming of the U.S.
embassy has been meant to vent intensive wrath because the masses are -
aware that this embassy has been the center of corruption, of corrupting
and of plott ing against the Iranian interests throughout the past 25 years
and that it represented the devil itself insofar as the Iranian people _
are concerned.
The blame must fall on the shoulders of the engineers of the U.S. policy
who flouted and insulted the Iranian people when they sent a person like
Richard Helms, a former CIA director, to be an ambassador and to plot
against the Middle East peoples. Considering that the United States planted
the wind in the past, then let it reap the storm now.
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~ KUWAIT
'AL-QABAS'SEES MILITARY ACTION REMOTE
Kuwait AL-QABAS in Arabic 13 Nov 79 p 1 ~
[Editorial by Jasim Ahmad al-Nisf: "Tightrope of Nerves Between Tehran
and Washington"J
_ [Text] Will the United States gamble with a military action to free its
hostages who are detained in its embassy in Tehran? Can the world public
opinion accept such a dangerous venture and what are the likely consequences
of such a military venture, should it take place?
= These are questions that have projected themselves sharply in the past few
days as a resu?t of the tightrope of nerves between Washington and Tehran. -
Most speculations, if not all, have been stressing that the U.S. military
gamble, should it take place, will lose 100 percent and that its conse-
quences will be deeper and graver than many people imagine.
The U.S. administration may be thinking of what the Soviet Union did in
1968 when, its forces swept through Czechoslovakia overnight to impose by
military force the continued presence of Czechoslovakia within the socialist
camp and to make sure that Czechoslovakia did not exit from the fold of
~ world communism. `
But the geographic, strategic and ideological difference between the two
cases is big.
- Iran is different in various aspects, rather in all aspects, from
Czechoslovakia which believed, and continues to believe, in the Marxist
doctrine and which is linked to Moscow by the Warsaw Pact and by other
bonds that make Czechoslovakia's movement and policy fully tied to the
wheel of the Soviet palicy. Moreover, the geographic adjacency bet~aeen -
the two countries made the outcome of the Soviet invasion of Prague
guaranteed in advance and made it possible to complete the operation
swiftly and before the world public opinion could awaken and before the
western reactions could act. _
The situation is fundamentally different insofar as Iran is concerned.
The geographic distance between Washington and Tehran is vast and
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resorting to the use of the nearby U.S. bases and fleets is engulfed by
dangers. Moreover, the Soviet Union will not at all permit any U.S. `
military operation against a country such as Iran whose common borders
with the USSR extend for vast distances.
Added to this is the fact that the popular roots of the current Iranian
regime depend on a firm Islamic religious belief that enables the regi.me
to conf ront any rash military venture, especially since Iran is surrounded
by a group of Islamic countries, contrary to Czechoslovakia which is -
surrounded by the socialist camp countries.
It is also difficult for President Carter to gamble with a rash and
uncalculated action or any action with no guaranteed results while -
approaching the pre sidential elections which, all signs indicate, will
take pla ce in an atmosphere of sharp rivalry.
At the s ame time, the oil factor is an important factor that tips the -
scales in favor of Iran in the tightrope of nerves [in the tug of war]
between Iran and the United States, especially since it is difficult for
Washingt on to make up for its Iranian oil imports from other OPEC countries
- for technical and e conomic reasons connected with the oil production of
these co untries.
Moreover, Iran may embark on withdrawing its deposits in the U.S. banks
in a dar ing move th at may lead to a sharp decline in the value of the
dollar.
The milit ary possib ility for ending the seizure of the U.S. embassy in
Tehran is, therefore, a remote and losing possibility by all the military,
political and economic criteria.
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KUWAIT
IRANIANS IN KU'dAIT VIGIL DEMAND SOLIDARITY WITH T~HERAIr' STUDENT5
;Cuwait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 16 Nov ?9 pp 1, 14
[Axticle by Fathi Sharif: 'The Vigilists: 'We Want The Iranian Revolution
to Take More stringent Measures Against America
[Text ~ At noon today. after the Friday prayer, ended the vigil by more than -
2 00 Iranians--men and women students, workers, employees and some religious
men--who began their vigil at 1200 yesterday in the courtyard of the Iranian
embassy in Ituwait.
It was decided that after praying inside the embassy~ the vigil pa,rticipa.nts
would burn the American flag and a picture of American President Carter, and
- then announce their resolutions and demands, which they xould then distrib-
ute to information agencies in Kuwait and a copy of which they would send to
- Teheran.
- One of the vigil organizers told AL-SIYASAH that they will announce some of
the most important demands tomorroWS complete solidaxity with Ima,m Khomeini
and the Revolution Command Council in its dema,nd tha.t the Shah and his fam-
ily be handed over; support for the measures and resolutions adopted by the
revolution to combat American imperialism in Iran a.nd the Gulf region= denun-
ciation of the stands of America. and its agents towards the Iranian revolu�-
- tion; support for the Irania.n students' revolutionary occupation of the Amer-
ican embassy; solidarity with Islamic revolutions throughout the world; and -
support for the Palestinian people.
- The resolutions will also ask the Iranian revolution to take harsh stands
towazrls dealing with America and its agents. .
One of the vigil participa,nts, xho works as a supervisor in one of the
schools, told AL-SIYASAH that he was participa.ting in this vigil and in the
political fast out of support for and solidarity with his student comrades -
in Iran.
He said that he was moved to participate after he heard~ over Iranian Rev-
olution Radio~ a call for all overseas Iranian students to declare their
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solidarity with the students in Teheran. One of the female pax~ticipants,
a secondary school student, said that she was supporting her colleagues in
Teheran. When asked xhether she supported the continued detention of some
women inside the American emba.ssy in Teheran, she said, '"The American xoman
bears the same responsibility as the man, and therefore I support xhat the
- students in Iran did." ~
The zeal and excitement of these vigil participants~ especially groups of
students some of whom are no older than 12 or 13 years at the most, xas gen- -
erated as a result of the delivery by a group of Iranians of fiery speeches
against America and foreign domina.tion all day long yesterday.
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KUWAIT
NATIONAL OIL COAiPANY CITBS YBAR' fi ACHISVEMSNTS
_ Kuwait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 12 iVov 79 p 8
- /Article: "In KuWait Oil Campany's Annual Report: Resumption of Deep
Drilling in the Burgan Field; Kuwait Oil Coa~pany Bmployees Increase to -
4,637"/
/Text/ The chairman of the boarci of directors and member-designate of
- Kuwait Oi1 Company, Mr Ahmad Ja'far, eaid that the course af work in the
gas project was proceeding sccording to the program set forth and that
the completion of engineering work ae well as procurement of materials was =
100 percent realized at the end of last year, while the completion of con-
struction stood at 96 percent. This was atated in the introduction to the
Kuwait Oil Company's annual report for 1978, Which is the report issued
yesterday. Mr Ja'far deacribed lasti year as a year filled with events in
which an important change occurred in the organization of the oil industry
in KuWait. One result of this Was that the co~nQany's operationa expanded
in the wake of the issuance of Ministerial Decree 20 dated 9 May 1978, by
virgue of Which oil production operations carried out previously by the
American In~3ependent Oil Companq in al-~7afrah have been tranaferred to
Kuwait Oil Company. The consummation of the tranefer eome months after
the start of the fiacal year called for the aseignment of an independent
heading for "al-Wafrah Operatione" in this report.
Aside from the al-Wafrah operations, the ccmipany maintained the desired
crude oil production levels without interruption during this period. Its
output during the year was 1,893,791 barrela per day. Crude oil exports
were 1,606,142 barrels per day.
Development activities in the new field in the north of Kuwait continued
and the completion of eight producing wells had been accomplished by the
end of the year. Development activities to establish the production facil-
_ itiea neceasary for the field will begin in the early part of 1979.
_ Tn Burgan, the exploration drilling program faced a temporary setback when
- the deep test well blew aut on being drilled to 9,817 feet and the drilling
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- rig above the well was destroyed. The company has tried to obtain replace-
ment equipment as quickly as posaible; this will arrive in Januazy 1979
so that we may begin reeuming our program of eacploring for hydrocarbons in
deep geological formations early.
In addition, work on improving export tanker loading facilitiea has con-
tinued. In the 8econd half of the year, the performance of modifications
on the artificial island and construction of the single buoy rotating moor~
ing facility ~ere begun. It is anticipated that these two projects will
be carried out in 1979 and thus that it will be feasible to load very large
carriers with a capacity of up to 500,000 deadweight tona. Bxcavation ac-
. tivities have been carried out to deepen the floor in the craft harbor be-
longing to the company and as a result it has been possible for the country's
vesaels in our possession to enter and leave the harbor whatever the tide
level may be.
= The new bitumen plant was constructed during the year and the celebration
inaugurating it was held on 4 October under the superviaion of His Highnese
the Crown Prince and Prime Minister Shaykh Sa'd al-'Abdallah al-Sabah. His
Bxcellency the Minieter of Uil Shaykh 'Ali al-Khalifah al-Sabah performed
the dedication.
It is ~xpected that this plant, with its design capacity of 250,000 tons
_ per year, will meet the country's need for bitumen and more. Planning is -
now underway to construct ex~urt facil~ties.
In addi[ion the company hae continued to build houses for its employees,
to improve existin3 housing, to develop medical and social facilitiea, and -
to support athletic and cultural activitiea. The new building for preven-
tive medical services was constructed in the early part o� the year and _
services have begun to be prcvided there. In addition the sporting center
was built toward the end of the year. -
1Phe com~any also kept up activities of training and developing experts on -
a large scale, in various fields and at various levels, with an ec~hasis
on the training of Kuwaiti citizens. Besides the large numbera of workers
who received training in the worksites and trainees who were organized in
sesaions inside the company, 290 workers and 34 trainees enrolled in train-
ing courses abroad during the year.
Ttie total workforce in your campany came to 4,637 at the end of the year,
49.56 percent of whom were Kuwaiti citizens. -
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KUWAIT
- NATION'S FOOD SUBSIDY PROGRAM DETAILBD
Ruwait AL-~IYASAH in Arabic 12 Nov 79 p 6
_ /Article: "Government Food and Building Material Subsidy Valued at 11.6 ~
Million Dinara"/
/Text/ The value of the subsidies paid out by the government of Kuwait
for certain building materials and foodstuffs totalled 14,601,277 dinars
in fiscal year 1978-79, an increase of about 4 million Kuwai~ci dinars over
- the preceding fiscal year; most of this was for foodetuffe.
- This wae declared by the asaiatant underaecretary of comnerce and industry -
for supply and consumer ~rotection affairs, Mr 'Abd-al-Rahman $1-Tuway,jiri,
at a meeting Kuwait News Agency held with him. -
Mr a~-Tuway,~iri said that the Kuw~iti government was very arocious to allev-
- iate the burdens of price rises and costs of living on the consumer's
shoulders.
He added that the total spent on eubaidizing foodstuffe was 10,816,950
dinare, an increase of about 3 million dinars over the fiscal year 1977-78.
Meanwhile the value of building materials subsidies came to 3,784,372
dinars.
Mr al,-Tuwayjiri said that the Kuwaiti government provided the Kuwait Supply
Company, with a subsidy of 5, 625, 791 dinars to provide the follo~ain~ com-
modities: _
- A. Category one supply card eommodities; tteese are Peshawar rice, American
rice, sugar, lentils, vegetable oil, powdered milk, tomato sauce, and gar-
bage bags; the value of the subsidy for theae couanodities was 2,933,347
� dinars.
- B. Category t~o c~mmodities: these are packaged cheesea, cheeses in
glasses, baby foods, baby milk, canned figh, frozen chicken, csnned veget-
ables, yoghurt, jam~ and oils; the value of the subeidy on these commali-
_ ties ca.me tv ~86,447 dinars.
_ 35
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_
C. Fodder; this is barley, corn, im~orted bran, and the coats of transport-
ing barley to the Society Federation warehouaes; the value of the subaidies
on these coamoditiea came to 488,338 dinara.
D. Building materials in tha form of cement and iron; the subsidies on
these material~ came to 2,041,455 dinars. -
Mr al-Tuwayjiri pointed out that the government provided subsi.diea to the
federation of Conaumer Cooperative Societies totalling 108,011 dinare in
- value. It also provided the Fresh Dairy Product Producers' Federation a
su~sidy to provide fresh milk worth 276,526 dinara. It provided the Kuwaiti -
Flour Mill Com~any with 895,186 dinars. He said that the government pro~ -
- vided subsidies to bakeries (ovens) and Arab bakeries valued at 1,017,322
dinara. _
The government also allocated the sum of 4,284,945 dinars in aubsidies for
slaughtered and fresh meat in the form of lamb, beef and camel. It pro-
_ vided the Livestock Trading and Transport Company, the Meat and Foodatufrs -
Company and the Nasiz al-Hueayn al-Ibrahim Company subsidies of 650,577
dinars to provide meat from live sheep. Mr al-Tuway,jiri added that the
government had given the Kuwait Cement Company a subsidy of 1,079,970
dinars to provide ordinary Local black cement and had provided the National
Indtistr{.es Company with aubsidies worth 334,947 dinars to provide limestone _
tile,
11887
CSO: 4802
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KUWAIT
NATIONAL PBTROCHSIrYYICAL CQ~IPANY ISSUBS ANNUAL REPOItT
Kuwait AL-SIYASAH in Arabic 12 Nov 79 p 8
/Article: "In the Petrochemical Company's Annual Report: Eng 'Abd-al-Baqi =
al-Nuri: Petrochemical Profite for Last Year are 12.9 Million Dinars"/
/Text/ The Petrochemical Company's profits for the past year totalled 12.9 _
million Kuwaiti dinars. This was stated in a talk by the chairman of the
board of directore and member-designate Eng 'Abd-al-Baqi al-Nuri as he pre-
aented the com~any's annual report for last year, 1978--the report which -
was issued yeeterday. The report referred to the coaipany's achievements
in the fielde of production, export and marketing, where the company
achieved new records surpasaing %thoae of/ past yeara and preaerved ita
po~ition in world markets, proving the merit of the company's employees,
- their grasp of the requirements of this industry, with the advanced indus-
trial technology it requires, and their a~arenees of the vicissitudes of
the world markets. In addition the report carried the following list of
achievements in the past year and future projects:
First
The competent authcrities' agreement was given to implementation of the ~
fourth a~nonia train project, whose productive capacity will total 1,000
metric tons of amononia per ~ay.
~ Second
An international consulting firm has beea aseigned to make a complement~ry
study to per�orm a detailed economic feasibility study of the olefin com- -
plex project in order to ascert~in the project's economic feasibility in
the event feedstocks other than ethane, on which the economic feasibility
- study was based, are uaed, preparatory to adoption of a suitable deci.aion
' concerning the project.
Third
In accordance with the competent authorities' desire, the company has
. ,
.
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brought the figurea contained in the eCanomic feasibility atudy on the _
aromatice project up to date.
Fourth
The ccm~petent authorities have agreed in principle to enter into a joint
project with Bahrain National Oil Company to establiah a company to exploit
gas derived from the liquid gas project in Bahr~in. An international con- -
sulting firm hae been asaigned to make the preliminary atudy of thie pro-
ject to ascertain the type of product whoae production ie preferred.
Fifth _
The com~any has made a study of the posaibility of erecting intermediate
and semi-finiahed petrochemical industries in Kuwait. In the light of this,
it has been able to determine a number of projecta which, when established,
will help industrial integration up the petrochemical procesaing ladder.
Establishment of these industries will guarantee a local market to conauuse
_ part of the basic petrochemical products (such as olefins and aromatics) _
as well as their use for certain raw materials produced in Ruwait, auch as
urea and melamine, in procesaing products. In addition studies bearing on
these industries have been preaented to the competent authorities.
Sixth _
The campany has continued to study certain projects preaented to it by cer-
- tain Arab and foreign countries, in which they would participate in the
context of the strategy to diveraify the campany's operationa.
Seventh
- The bid concerning imq~lementation of the "conveyor belt" project to trans-
~ port and load solid fertilizers by mechanical means has been awaxded to an
international company for the sum Qf 3,415,730 Kuwaiti d~nara (three mil-
_ lion, four hundred fifte~n thousand and seven hundred thirty Kuwaiti dinara). -
The contract was signed on 16 September 1979. This project consists of ~wo
conveyor belt comQlexea. One is to convey unconaolidated solid fertilizer
with a capacity of 254 metric tons per hour which can be converted to Con-
veying bagged fertilizer.
The second belt project is to cQnvey bagged fertilizer only, with a capac-
- ity of 120 metric tons per hour. It is hoped that the project will be car-
ried out within 17 months of the date of the signing of the contract.
Eighth
Work is atill going on on the project to treat polluted ~?ater emerging
from the urea plants in order Co recover urea and am~monia from the water
i
~
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and provide water auitable for irrigation purposes. It should be borne
in mind that this project is the last stage of the com~any's special anti-
p~ollution pro,~ects.
Ninth
The co~pany has conducted field experiments in cooperation with the Agri-
- cultural Department of the Ministry of Public Worke on the use of a urea
and ammonium sulfate solution for irrigation in the al-Wafrah and al-'Abdali
farms. These experiments have provided encouraging resulta and the company
is now earnestly engaged in studying the economics of uaing thie project in
a commercial fashion.
~ Tenth _
The c~mpany, in cooperation with the Ministry of Public Works, has conducted
succeasful experiments on the possibility of using urea as a source of pro-
tein for livestock fodder. The com~any will casry out more of these testa
in 1979.
Elevec~th
A special medical industrial research aection has been establiahed in the
Med~.~ai Affaira Department of the company. -
Z~elfth
An international consulting firm hae been assigned to study probable bot-
_ tlenecks in production operations in the salt and chlorine unit plants; it
ia hoped that this will be comQleted in 1979. ~
Thirteenth
A contract has been signed to build a hydrochloric acid plant in the salt
and chlorine unir with a productive capacity of 5 metric tons of 100 per- -
cent acid per day. It is hoped that the plant will be put into operation
_ in 19T9.
- Fourteenth
The salt and chlorine unit has finiahed eigning contracta for the importa- .
tion of equipment to package table salt in special plastic containers.
Fifteenth
= The salt and chlorine ~nit has made a contract for the importation of mach-
inery to package sodium hydrochlorate solution (chlorsal) in special con-
tainers, and it is hoped that operation of the project will start in 1979.
11887
CSO: 4802
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LIBYA
SECRETARY OF JUSTICE SPEAKS ON SECURITY, COURTS, RUMORS _
_ Tripoli AL-USBU' AL-SIYASI in Arabic 9 Nov 79 pp 10-13
[Interview With Muhammad 'Ali al-Jadi, Secretary of Justice, by 'Ali al-
Jawashi; "We Have Eliminated Black Cat Incidents But Rumors Have Persisted; -
Experiment of People`s Judiciary Has Succeeded in Our Country; Decree
- Organizing People's Security Will Be Issued Shortly; Citizen Has Exagger-
ated Incidents Committed by Some Youth"]
- [Text] Where has people's security reached in terms of implementation?
What are the problems facing the people's justice committees? How is the
theory of the people's judiciary and its jurisdiction embodied in reality?
The security situation, the types of crimes and the role of the people and
_ of the security agencies in confronting them: What is the truth of the
Black Cat gang and of the rumors circulated about this gang? How true are
these rumors?
How do we confront smuggling crimes and what is the people's role in this
war against crime? _
The masses are wondering wlzy the traffic laws have not been amended until
now.
What comes after abolition of the law offices and of the Supreme Judiciary
and Police Council? These are the questions that AL-USBU' AL-SIYASI has -
- addressed to brother Muhammad 'Ali al-Jadi, the secretary of justice.
Following is tt?e text of the interview:
- At the outset, the secretary of justice explained the importance of forming
the people's justice committees, saying:
Before the last session of the General People's Congress, there were no
people's justice committees and the committees were confined to some
secretariats, especially service secre*3riats and production secretariats
_ within a limited and narrow sphere. What happened afterwards to complete
.declaration of the people`s authority was that the need developed to have _
collective and not individual leaderships so that cue may not act and decide
according to the individual intellect but according to the collective
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intellect. This is what the third international theory decided upon and
what has been underlined clearly in the "Green Book," especially in the
first chapter pertaining to the people's congresses and committees and -
other matters.
~ Recently, the Secretariat of the Interior was merged, as you know, with
the Secretariat of Justice under the name of the Secretariat of Justice,
_ considering that the Secretariat of Justice carries out a common function
with the Secretariat of the Interior and that the side that previously
helped the Secretariat of Justice and cooperated wj_th it in performing
its tasks was the Secretariat of the Interior which did so through the _
police and through its various agencies. To complete the picture dnd to
eliminate duality--a duality whereby a defendant or a court case or a
certain issue was first undertaken by the Secretariat of Interior, then
referred to the Secretariat of Justice and then followed by correspondence
and other steps to complete the procedure--the two secretariats have now
become two integrated wings in one body.
~ This has in fact resulted in complete coordination. The security agency,
or the concept of public security, has come to mean reassurance, stability,
- the elimination of criminals, curtai:ling the spread of crime and correcting
the individual's benavior. This concept and this need have now been
- definitely confined to one authority and the same people's committee is now.
in conr_~ol of these various agencies.
[Question] To what degree has the citizen comprehended the concept of the
people's security, such as taking part in the people's resistance for~ces, in
the strugglers [al-mujahidin] battalions, in night guard, in self-security
and in guarding installations?
Self-Security [al-amn al-dhati]
~ [Answer] The General People's Justice Committee decided that the masses
should (be allowed to] participate in the people's security out of their
awareness of this responsibility and that this security is divided into two
kinds: ~~~_:f-security in the installations, factories and other vital
utilities and people's security which pertains to ordinary guard and to
protecting the citizens and their property from those tampering with self-
= security. A decree was issued by the secretary of the General People's
Justice Committee in implementation of a recommendation made by the second
session of the committee. The decree entrusts the installations, factories
and some other vital utilities to form their own security, guard and pro-
tection agencies under the supervision of the municipal people's justice
_ committee. This is the committee that provides these agencies with
training, weapons and with all the rules that are necessary to facilitate
performance of the task entrusted to these agencies. _
This decree has stipulated certain measures and certain rules that do not
leave the security issue to anybody. Whoever undertakes this duty must
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meet certain conditions--precautionary security conditions that are
necessary for any important work like this work. The decree also stip-
ulates that the setting up of this system, i.e. the self-security
- system, must not result in obstructing production.
The people's justice committees and the installations have been notified
of the decree and it is my belief that the people's committees have begun
to implement it.
People's Security _
_ The other decree which we are preparing and which has not been issued yet
is the people's security decree. The stipulations of this decree will be _
very close to those of the self--security decree. However, this decree is
connected in fact with the police station. The first decree concerning
self-security is connected with the installation or the utility whereas
this decree is connected with the police station. Let us take as an
example a certain police station--let us assume it is al-Nahdah police
station. This station has certain sections under its jurisdiction. These �
sections have their people's committees. The people's justice co~ittee -
can, in cooperation with these sections, assign persons to take up night
watch duties in rotation, perhaps to safeguard the sec~srity of the vital
installations and utilities within the section, under certain conditions
that are coordinated and arranged by the police station concerned, which
also provides training on these conditions. These guards will be under
_ the jurisdiction of the police center which will supply them with weapons
- and instrvct them on their use and which will observe the behavior of -
- these guards so that no flaws may develop in this regard. The guards will
collect their weapons from the station and return them to the station at
the end of their shift. These guard duty shifts will only be night shifts,
will begin at definite hours that they [guards themselves] deem suitable
and will be under the supervision of the people's justice committees in
their capacity as the executive committees that implement the resolutions
of the people's congresses or the resolutions of the General People's ~
Justice Committee that promulgates the resolutions issued by these con-
gresses originally. , -
This decree will be issued shortly and will be complete and we will launch -
the experiment. The purpose will not only be to provide a people's guard _
_ but will also be to get the citizen accustomed to self-reliance.
Why People's Security?
This means that the policeman that we get to perform guard duty is an
_ individual from the section and belonging to the section. Therefore, it
does not make a difference if his work is temporary. He participates and
feels that he shoulders responsibilities and, consequently, will not
remain negative. He will feel that he must participate in performing
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these duties and that he does not have to be a regular policeman wearing
a special uniform, with special qualifications and working on specific
hours to participate. The policeman will continue to carry out his
duties but he mLSt be left to devote his time to certain work, such as
investigation and apprehension and to guide these people [guards] as -
aesistants. This is what is meant by the people's security. We are
explaining this so that people may not imagine that our thinking of the
people's security came as a result of our feeling that there is unrest or
security troubles.
[Question] We, and the reader, would like to know the tasks of the civil _
_ defense and the goals behind it.
Whose Responsibility Is Firefighting?
- The civil defense consists of two elements. One is a purely technical
element and this element requires, no doubt, long experience, technical
preparation and people with experience and with certain qualifications.
.The second is an ordinary human element in which anybody can participate.
_ This often happens in cases of fire. However, technical preparatlon is
the element predominant in civil defense. What I mean is that there has
- to be specially equipped fire trucks and specially trained people who can _
use special materials, either water or chemicals, to extinguish fires and
*_o sa�:z lives. In case of certain catastrophes, the civil defense carries
out its duties through the various security agencies. Civil defense needs
traffic police to open the way for it when proceeding to a certain place,
needs policemen to investigate whether an incident is premeditated or
accidental and even requires thimmbprint experts and Experts to analyze -
such incidents. Therefore, as a section the civil defense cannot be
complete except with the presence of these components. This work is
_ difficult for ordinary people to perform because it is many-sided and
requires many things. But they [the people] may not need the rescue [squadsJ
and others because they can get any incidents under control before these -
squads arrive.
tde are about to strengthen the civil defense which needs to have many gaps
filled. Part of our plan, which is included in the resolutions of the
_ General People's Justice Committee, ca11s fo~ providing these components
with what they need and for training people to carry out this task. Thus,
- there will be integration in each municipality insofar as civil defense -
is concerned.
_ [Question] Let us move to another question. What are the tasks of the
- people's judiciary and what are the cases that this judiciary deals with?
Where has the General People's Justice Committee reached in implementing
the resolutions concerning this issue?
- What Is People's Judiciary?
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[Answer] We have the people's judiciary but not according to the general
concept of the people's judiciary. The people's judiciary follows several
- ways in the countries that adopt this system. There is the ~oint people's
judiciary which is comprised of specialized and unapecialized ~udges.
There is the purely people's ~udiciary which has jurisdiction over certain
crimes and certain cases. There is also the general people's judiciary
that deals with all levels of litigation. The fact is that the people's
judiciary has several aspects and several concepts in the countries that
adopt the system of the people's judiciary. However, these countries
have recently become small in number because the crimes have become diverse
and the criminals theMSelves have become capable of skilfully hiding and
concealing their crime. Ther.efore, the presence of specialized people
- to unravel these problems and to d.iscover the criminals has become nec-
essary.
In the Jamahiriyah, we launched nearly 4 years ago the experiment of giving
the section people's committees j~risdiction over the issues of reconcil-
iation and arbitration. This jurisdiction deals with the simple adminis-
trative and shari'a issues, including divorce, alimony and samilar cases, -
and with civil issues, ~ahether simple or not. In the jurisdiction con-
cerning the first type of ~ssues, consideration was given to simplifying
and facilitating the procedures and to creating a group of people capable
of performing this duty within the section itself. When any problem occurs
in a section, this committee, which is elected by the section people them-
selves, can summon the plaintiff and th2 defendant. The committee has a
special register and a special clerk and records the incident. It seeks -
to reconcile the two sides. If the committee manages to perform its task
by persuasion or if it manages to end the problem either ~iy arbitration
or reconciliation, then the problem becomes insignificant and there will
be no need to resort to the courts in this case.
But if the committee fails to end the problem and if one of the parties
concerned is intransigent or dissatisfied with th.e committee's opinion or
decision, then he can sue in the courts. But before resorting to the
courts, the law commits the citizen to resort to this committee and he
must resort to it. How~ver, we do not confiscate his right to resort to
the courts if this committee f ails, i.e, after the citizen provides a -
_ certificate from this committee that it has examined the dispute and has
not been able to settle it. In this situation, the case can be presented
to the ordinary judiciary. This beginning was limited, i.e. it k*as
confined to the lowest courts or to the sin:ple cases per.tair.ing to misde-
meanors entailing a sentence of no more than a 3-year prison term, civil
cases involving nc> mor.e than 250 dinars and other cases such as alimony
- and child custac~y, as I have already pointed out.
Last year, *;re ~a~se~ the level oF this jurisdiction. Before moving to the
higher level, the results in some municigalities were very good and -
encouraging and the committees were able to settle 50 percent of the cases
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that would have had to be presented to the [ordinary] judiciary. In some
- municipalities, the results were small. Generally, the committees were
able to settle 30 percent of the cases. This encouraged us to raise the
level of their jurisdiction. We have said that the committees are now
_ empowered to consider the civil cases, previously restricted to 250 dinars,
without limitations and up to thousands of dinars. We have also given the
committees additional powers so that they may consider felony cases, even
if they are cases of killing or of assault and battery or otners. These
+ committees are now empowered to deal with, examine and decide on such
cases. The decision reached by the committee is then presented to the
authority concerned which approves and ratifies it, thus making it binding
to all the parties concerned. Even though we have given the committee
these powers concerning felonies, we have not tied the hand of the police
or of the prosecution in conducting investigation because if we prevent
- these committees or the individual concerned from resorting to the courts
or to the prosecution in a case of felony tmtil after the committee ends -
its work, then we may miss the evidence and the committees may not be
able to reach a solution to the problem. As a result, we may not be able
_ to pursue the case and to punish the criminal. Therefore, ;in the cases
of felony the prosecution and the police begin their investigaiion, their
gathering of evidence and their interrogations. If the case ends with -
reconciliation [on the hands of the people's justice committee], then all
is fine. If not, the case will continue in the courts.
The wisdom behind the first law [sic] and behind the latest amendment is
to eliminate compulsion in such cases. There is no doubt that any sentence
issued against a citizen will have a psychological effect on this citizen.
- This is natural. Therefore, all the cases that end with reconciliation or
arbitration end with them all grudges and problems. In such cases, eve~y- -
thing is discussed, everybody states what he has to say and feels that -
the reconciliation or arbi'tration has been reached ~,~ith his desire and
absolute freedom. Thus, all negative effects come to an end. The proof
of this is that the sentences issued by the lowe~t court without bringing
about a reconciliation are appealed before the higher courts and may
- move in one way or another from court to court, thus starting an endless -
whirlwind. Under th~.s system [of the people's justice committees], the
- citizen's efforts are saved, the number of lawsuits is reduced and many
problems are lifted from the shoulders of the [ordinaryJ judiciary. There
is no doubt that the co~ittees will produce good results that realize
_ the desired goal--results not achieved yet.
[Question] How are the crimes of smuggling, rumor mongering, theft, etc.
eliminated? How can the citizen be motivated and enlightened to under- -
stand these issues and to participate positively in eliminating them? -
Smuggling Wolves
[P.nswer] Smuggling has its causes and its means. Its causes are, and I
_ say this with utter confidence, that the goods smuggled from the Jamahiriyah
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are the least expensive in the entire world. All the essential co~nodities
are the least expensive in the world. These inexpensive goods can turn a
profit for the smuggling wolves. This smuggling and this profit are not
small. If the prices in the neighboring countries were not high, there
would be no call for anybody to engage in smuggling. The low prices of
these goods [in the Jamahiriyah] is what has led to and encouraged committing
_ these crimes. This does not mean that I am demanding that the prices of
these goods be raised. I am only pointing out the reasons that make
- people commit these crimes. What I mean is that the low prices are the
main reason urging them to commit the crimes. We now come to the means.
There is a certain type of vehicles (Toyota Land Cruiser) that is used
for smuggling and that enables the smugglers to engage in this kind of
work. I am not saying that smuggling is confined to the use of this kind
of vehicles. Animals and trucks have been used. We seize the means used
and may think that we have wiped out smuggling. However, smuggling will
continue through the use of similar vehicles in neighboring countries for -
smuggling operations. This is something over which we cannot remain silent.
We have initiated n~nerous measures to wipe out this phenomenon. We have
also begun to prepare special vehicles fitted with special equipment and ~
with radio communication to watch our borders. These vehicles have not
been put to use yet. When used, we will be able to control all the outlets
and to wipe out, or at least curtail, the smuggling activity. Moreover, -
we are inclined to use helicopters to watch the borders constantly and to
discover the smuggling caravans, be they animal or vehicle caravans. We
will be thus able to wipe out this phenomenon after a short time.
Citizen's Role
There remains the citizen's role. As I have already pointed out in my
_ statcments about the people's security, the issue cannot be kept in the
hands of the executive agencies alone and cannot fall on their shoulders -
solely because such a thing happens when there is a barrier separating the
- government from the people. In such a case, we say that there is a gov-
ernment that shoulders the responsibility for everything. The people
take a certain position toward the government and the government continues -
to be tne side which has to do everything. But in the Jamahiriyah, the
government is the people and the people are the government. Therefore,
every citizen and every official--whether he is in the political wing of
the people`s congresses and of whatever pertains to them or in the exec-
utive wing of the people's committees and of whatever pertain to them--
is ultimately responsible for following up these matters. I will say
this with utter honesty, had the citizens and the officials, especially
those present on the border checkpoints, exerted full efforts, they
would have wiped out this phenomenon, regardless of the personal motive
- of the smuggler. The smuggler is undoubtedly a thief. He steals the
citizens' food and takes it to other people for a limited material gain.
There should be no mercy and no compassion for such people and they should
be fought relentlessly either by the executive agencies or by the citizens. _
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We will thus be able to control the smuggling activity with utter ease.
Hording of Goods Is Crime
There is another kind of smuggling that takes place within the Jamahiriyah.
This kind of smuggling is equal in its danger to the first kind of -
smuggling. This is the hording of goods tmjustifiably. I believe that
this kind of smuggling is not different from the first kind. The first
- type is committed by a certain individual motivated by greed to make .
- certain material profits. As for hording of goods, I have heard recently
that there is a big demand for the purchase of sugar and other goods.
This is not done by a good citizen or even by anyone who merits the title
of citizen. I mean that the selfish and greedy individual is the one who -
_ commits such an act and I--this is, at least, my personal opinion--will
not give such a person the title or the honor of belonging to the
Jamahiriyah because he has no patriotism. A believer wishes for his
brother what he wishes for himself. How can you horde goods, half of which
will perhaps perish, and deprive of them other people who are searching
for such goods in the markets? There is no supply crisis but there is in
- fact a crisis of ethics. This is an ugly form of smuggling committed by _
sick an d greedy people and is no less serious than the act of the others
who smuggle goods outside the Jamahiriyah. This leads us to the answer
concerning the rumors.
- Black Cat
- It may be rumored, for example, that sugar and other kinds of goods are
not available. The fact is that rumors are a malignant disease that is
disseminated by people with no morals. Often we cannot fight the rumor
except by eliminating its causes, i.e. by providing nothing to be used as
a source of rumors. The problem with a rumor is that it turns something
small into a big issue and that it exaggerates. A certain incident may
- occur but a rumor follows two courses: It exaggerates the incident and
gives it dimensions beyond its real ones on the one hand and than fabri-
cates similar incidents.
Frankly, this has happened recently regarding the so-called Black Cat.
I have heard frequent rumors on this issue: So and so contacted the
Black Car and so did such and such a person and the Black Cat contacted
such and such a school. Very frankly, there may have been one or two -
incidents. But this doesn't mean that the incidents are so many or that
they are this big. The incidents were exploited by small children, whom -
we have caught. I am not talking about them as a rumor because the
children are actually under deiention [maqbud 'alayhum] now. These
~ children contacted others in other houses and various other contacts were -
made by individuals related to the children, such as the one who contacted
his unc.le. These incidents have been exploited and the rumor has spread
among the people. The truth that what we are talking about is a rumor
is proven by the fact that nothing has turned out from all the notifi-
cations and contacts that have taken place because they are nothing
but jokes among friends. The fact is that such 3okes should nct be made.
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Unfortunately, the jokes have been made. The high economic and living
standards have enab led many citizens to get their telephones. I also ~
- do not exclude the fact that calls have been made from offices and from
the telephone booths in the streets.
Incidents Ended and Rumor Persists -
While talking about th~se incidents, I am not denying that some actual
_ incidents did take place but these incidents were controlled on the spot
and those perpetrating them are either before the prosecution, in ~ails
or before the courts. All the incidents have been eliminated but the
rumor persists through contacts and telephones. I remember that one of
the incidents took place in a school. What happened there is that a
_ student got into an argument with the school principal. Then threats
reached the school and this cause d the parents of the teachers and of
the students to stop sending their daughters to school. The student who -
got into the argument with her principal was ultimately arrested [pre-
siunably for being the source of the threats] and is now in jail. In the -
final analysis and regardless of whether the security agencies are
present or not, the duty of protecting a home is the responsibility of
its owner. He who cannot protect his home does not deserve it. In any
case, we will perform the duty entrusted to us, namely to safeguard the =
- citizen's security and to give him reassurance. k~e will not shirk this
duty of ours.
We now come to the question of thefts, particularly car thefts.
Car Thefts .
The problem is that car thefts are a special kind af theft. It is of
course impossible to guard every house, espec~ally now that there is a
_ car or more in front of every house. We cannot station a police~an in
front of every house all the time, even though Tripoli has 20 police
- patrols at night. We are about to increase the number of patrols, both
- in Tripoli and outside it. Car thefts are easy and all people know all
the cars (sic]. All that is needed is to break the glass and to have a
special key and the thief can then turn on the car engine, drive it to =
do whatever he wants to do and then leave it in any place. I can say
- that we have been able to find most of the stolen cars. But some of
- the cars may have b een damaged. The thefts have their causes. A -
citizen who has a garage and fails to park his car inside it exposes .
his car to theft. The other thing is that there are some people who
steal the cars to perform private errands, especially people who are
caught in certain situations and who have no moral or religious deterrant. .
If such people ask the car owner to take them to the place they want, the
owner would respond to their request. This is in addi.tion to the pres-
ence of groups of ta~nton youths who_commit such acts. Another kind
of people steals the cars to get spareparts, There are numerous reasons -
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for such theft::;, in addition to the large ntunbers of cars and the ease
with which they can be opened.
Traffic Law Being Amended
[Question] Let us turn to the traff ic police. What new provisions have ~
been added to the general tr3ffic laws and how will these laws be amended?
[Answer] In its latest meeting, the General People's Justice Committee
_ found that many of tne traffic laws, in addition to other laws, are
inadequdte and undeterring. The municipal people's justice committees
have been entrusted to examine the obstructive provisions and the pro-
= visions that are incompatible with the declaration of the people's
authority and, consequently, incompatible with the new st atus of the -
Secretariat of Justice--i.e. with the formation of people's committees
in this secretariat. We have asked the municipal people's ~ustice com-
, mittees to fomiulate their visualization and to draft their bills for
_ the provisions that they deem fit and to send us these visualizations
- and bills so that we may examine them, try to draft them in a certain
Eorm, present them to the General People's Committee in its entirety and
then refer them fo the.promulgating authorities. Some committees have
~ begun to send their suggestions on the traffic law and the Central Traffic
� i)epartment has begun to coordinate and prepare these proposals, even _
~'.~ough tl~ey~ ar~ not comp].ete yet. We will amenr.'~ the traffic law. Huwever,
- this does not prevent us from adopting certaj:~i measures and from imple-
menting very strictly the maximum penalties stipulated by the existing
law provisions. I do not think that they (provisions ta be amended] are
- numerous but in their present form, they are incompatib le with the new
situation. In any case, there are deterring penalties at present and I
hope that they will be implemented soundly and correctly. We will amend
= not only the traffic law but all the laws that are incompatible with what
is being projected now.
[Question] In his latest meeting with the General People's Justice -
Committee, the revolution leader dealt with the issue of the free-of-
charge lawyer, the Supreme Judiciary Council and the Police Council. What
has been done in regard to abolishing these issues?
Abolition of Supreme Judiciary Council
[Answer] The police and judiciary system laws stipuiate the presence of
the SuprPme ~udiciary Council and the Police Council, considering that
these councils were essential for coordination among the vario us agencies.
, The police Affairs Council coordinated the efPorts of the various control
de~artn~~nts existing in the Jamahiriyah previvusly. To establish coor- -
dination amoi~b these control departments, they had to be tied to a certain -
_ council including controllers [muraqib un] so that each controller may
know what is happening in the other control departments. Moreover, the
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L
_ security plan adopted by one controller could be used by another. So,
it was necessary for this council to be present for the purpose of _
_ coordination, in adnition to examining the affairs and neede of a control
department. The ~udiciary coi.mcil was also neceasary, coneidering that
che men of the ~udiciary are distrib uted throughouC all parts of the
republic. It was also necessary to have an authority to coordinatP and
select people with certain qualifications to fill the positions of chair-
men of the courts of first instance and chairmen of the courts of appeal.
It was also necessary to have such an authority to select people with -
certain qualifications to form a judiciary cotmcil to supervise the
members of the judiciary, to study their affairs, to determine their
appointment and promotion and so forth. Then came into existence the
- municipal people's justice committees. Each committee has a secretary
and each secretary is a member of the General People's Justice Committee. -
Thus, coordination came into existence and there was no further need for
the presence of these specialized councils which had been previously
. formed for this same purpose [coordination]. This objective is nc;~,r
realized by the fact that the committees meet, represented by their -
= secretaries, in the form of the General People's Justice Committee. As
a result, we are all familiar with the picture. The resolutions adopted
by tne General People's Justice Committee are distributed to the [municipal]
_ committees to implement them. A bill has actually been drafted providing -
for the abolition of the judiciary and police councils and for transfer-
rir~ their powers to the General People's Justice Committee. The [powers
of the] judiciary council and of the poli~ce council have been actually -
transfer~ed. The General People's Justic2 Committee has issued numerous
decisions which used to be previously issued by either the judiciary
council or the police affairs council--decisions concerning the appointment, _
promotion or transfer of inembers of the judiciary and decisions concerning
the appeals made by some members of the judiciary. They [councils] have
been actually abolished for all practical purposes. They will be -
abolished formally when the decree is issued in the future.
Free-of-Charge Lawyer _
- As for the free lawyer, the elements of trial are, as you have heard from
~ the leader, three; (The plaintiff against the defendant is the prose- �
cution and a third neutral person that strikes a balance between ttie two
[the judg~]). The prosecution is against the defendant. It is not
_ against him in the narrow sense b ut in the sense that it is against the _
criminal. It is not in the interest of the prosecution for the defen- _
_ dant to be a criminal or to create a criminal out of him. But it is in
_ the prosecution's interest to protect society from vice and crime and to
produce the evidence that condemns such a person so that he may get his
= punishment and become a deterrent to others. So, there is a side against
the defendant, even in the narrow sense of the word. Therefore, the
defendant needs a person to stand by him. This person is the lawyer.
The side against the defendant says what it has to say and the side .
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supporting the defendant says what it has and the judge then settles the
argument be~ween the two sides. The third element, namely the lawyer
who supports the defendant, is actually missing, as the revolution leader
- has said. The defendant may bring a lawyer at his own expense and of his
own volition or he may bring a counsellor who is not a lawyer or he may
defend himself. But his defense cannot rise to the level of that of the
prosecution attorney because this attorney is experienced and can refute
whatever the defendant says in his own defense.
Therefore, justice must be truly established. As the leader has said,
. there must be a person with the same level of qualification and
- knowledge of that of the prosecution attorney and with the ability to
_ refute the arguments that this attorney cites so that we may ultimately
reach one result, namely the truth. It is true, as I have already said,
that the defendant or the plaintiff could select a free lawyer to defend -
him in return for a certain sum of money. This situation existed. But _
_ to achieve justice and to complete the elements of justice, this lawyer
must be available to every citizen. This is the instruction that the
leader issued at the meeting of the General People's Justice Committee. _
We have actually formed a committee to draft a decree that realizes the
goal of having the [defense] lawyer as one of the complementary elements
of the court. This means that we should not imagine the p-resence of a
court without such a lawyer. It also means that such a lawyer should be
avai]sble to all, both these who can afford and those who cannot afford
- to pay. Such a lawyer will be available free of charge to everyone. T_n
- return for the lawyer's performance of this task, society will takF care
of his needs. We have actually begun the measures to bring this ~..:to
_ existence and, consequently, to realize the goal of having the defensz
lawyer next to the prosecution attorney and to the judge. Justice will
be tY:us realized. This means that as long as there is a defense lawyer
with the same ability as that of the prosecution 3ttorney, then the
suspicion of faults and of mistakes disappears and all the elements of
[fair] trial are realized. A man is thus tried while feeling reassured.
I believe i~ is the epitome of ~ustice that a perpetrator of crime should
_ find somebody to defend him [sic]. -
[Question] The question before last: What are the problems that confront
and encounter the people's justice comraittees?
Concerns of People's Justice Committees
[Answer] The people's justir_e committees are, as I have already pointed
out, newly emerging committees. The other secretariats had control -
departments [muraqabat] and before these departments they had directorates.
The directorates turned into control departments and then became people's
committees. Thus, the other secretariats have places, vehicles, furniture
� and everything else available to them. When they first emerged, they _
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were like us. But after their emergence all regources became available
to them. As for the Secretariat of Justice, it is now beginning from
scratch. It is true that many of the peopie`s committees that are not
lodged in the headquarters of the previous control departments experience -
shortages in many things, both material and human. Insofar as the material -
- shortages are concerned, the General People's Justice Committee adopted
several decisions in its latest meeting and we are in the process of
providing these shortages. It is easy to supply the material things. As
for the hiunan elements, we hope that the municipal people's committees
will provide these elements to the congresses through recruitment. People,
such as a policeman or a civil servant, cannot be purchased from the
- market. We can get the material things and we have actually taken mea-
sures to supply these needs. However, the emergence of these needs does _
not mean that they are not available to the people's committees. Every
people's committee is present in a municipality and this municipality used _
to provide security, court and judiciary services. So, there is a founda- _
tion. What has been introduced is the presence of the people's committees. -
I am not talking about the management of the people's committees but
about the means through which they offer their services to the masses
within the jurisdiction of their municipality. As a result, there are
still shortages because the services that used to be offered by the
municipalities did not have the same ambitions as those that are now
present in the people`s committees. This is why the nee3 emerged for a
person to face the congresses and to make an account of the services he
has offered, As long as he is gaing to be brought to account, this person _
will take the precautions that do not make it possible to throw the blame -
on his shoulders or to condemn him before the masses. This is why we
have exerted ceaseless efforts to provide these resources for which the _
- need emerged after formation of the committees and after the committees'
- assessment of the services offered previously and of their own ambitions.
The bringing to account will~take place, regardless of whether we provide
the needs or not because we may provide the needs but not use them well.
This operation is not one of providing assistance. The motive is to _
establish and provide services to the people within the jurisdiction of
a municipality. -
[Question] Our last question: We would like the citizen to know his
role and what he can offer in regard to what you have said.
Citizen's Responsibility
- [Answer] First, I will say that if the citizen feels and believes that he
will be brought to account and punished for any faulty action or failure,
- then I am certain that all these problems will come t-~ an end. Even if
th~ thief can steal, the smuggler can smuggle and the rumor monger can
spread rumors and even if such a person is not caught, this person still
, knows that this act has been recorded againsr him and that if he doesn't
get his punishment in this world he will get it in the hereafter. But
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what I would like to stress is moral commitment among people and their
steering clear off the perpetration of such crimes because they are
unjustifiable. If such crimes are committed in a needy societ,y, there
_ may be a~usc.ification whereas those who commit such crimea here are
people who ace well off economically. Those who steal cars own their
own cars. So, the issue is an issue of ethics and of moral and religious
couimitment. There is no call for a man to commit such acts when he doesn't
need them. On the other hand, these sick persons should not be given the
opporttmity and every citizen must be alert and must make known whatever -
_ he sees.
Finally, we are ready to explain matters. When anything develops, I am
_ ready for all kinds of ineetings and I will be frank with you and will =
conceal nothing from you. We are now in a jamahiri [pertaining to the
- masses] system and everything is presented to the congresses and to the
_ m~sses so that they may solve their problems. I have been frank with
you and have concealed nothing at all from you. I have said everything
and I pledge to always be frank with you.
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MAURITANIA _
EIGHT CEAO FINANCING AGREEMENTS SIGNED
Nouakchott CHAAB in French 16 Oct 79 pp 1,8
/Text/ Ahmed Ould Zein, minister of finance and commerce,_and Moussa N'Gom,
secretary general of CEAO /West African Economic Communit~/, with their assis-
tant, yesterday signe3 eight financing agreements in the total amount of 18~,
_ 970,755 CFAF, or 37,194,151 UM.
By the terms of those agreements the CEAO will con.tribute to the financing
of several projects in our country, with the resources of the Common Develop- _
ment Fund and through subsidies. Involved is the creation of:
--a natic~nal seed center in Kaedi, the cost of which is estimated at 6 mllion, _
--a national soil laboratory that will cost 4 million UM, _
--applied research in rice growing /at a cost of/ ,5 million UM,
--a coordinating center for the management of small rural areas, and logistic
support for those areas, at a cost of 4,194,15i UM,
--14 million UM will be invested in the fields of pathology and animal nutrition,
--2.2 mtllion in research for the creation of a craft-type plaster works,
--800,000 UM will be invested in scholarships for agricultural training, and
_ --1 million UM in research on new energy sources.
In addition, the finance and commerce minister and the secretary general o~
the CEAO initialed addenda to two financing agreements signed on 14 July 1979 _
concerning:
--a study on the M'Bagne 1 natural equipment unit.:for a 17,097,960 UM~backing,
~ --and help in acquiring logistic resources for the Mauritanian Cereals Office
in the a:nount of 4,382,290 UM.
- It should be noted that the overall amount for the totality of those financing
- agreements made between our country and the West African Economic Community
(CEAO) during the year 1979 comes to 58,671,401 UM.
In the name of the CMSN /Military Committee for National Salvation/ and the
government, the minister of finance and commerce expressed his satisfaction
- with this contribution of the CEAO to developmental activity in our country.
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MAURITANIA
_ SAUDI FUND SECTION CHIEF VISITS, ANNOUNCES PLANS
Nouakchott CHAAB in French 15 Oct 79 pp 1, 8
/Text/ Mr Ja'far Usamah, director of the capitals department of the Saudi
Development Fund, arrived in Nouakchott late yesterday afternoon.
Mr Usamah issued a statement upon his arrival poiating out that the purpose
of his visit to our country is, first, to sign an agreement within the frame- _
work of the financing of the Guelb project and, second, to join the World Bank -
mission in Mauritania in examining this country's chief economic projects.
_ On hand to welcome Mr Ja'far Usamah as he arrived was Mr Ahmedou Ould Hama
Khatter, secretary general of the Ministry of Planning and Fisheries. .
It must be pointed out that a delegation of the Saudi Development Fund has
been staying in Nouakchott since last Monday in order to research the execu-
tion of several pro~ects in Mauritania.
With that purpose in mind the delegation has embarked upon a series of talks
with the heads of the departments involved in carrying out those projects, ~
including those in the Planning Ministry.
_ Signed Saturday morning with the directors involved were /documents concernin~/
the nature and terms of the projects which the Saudi Development Fund intends
to carry out for the benefit of our country.
Thus the Fund estimated the cost of the work to be accomplished at 1 billion
- 400 million ouguiyas. The work to be done includes among other projects:
--construction of 1000 classrooms,
- --drilling a number of wells, -
--construction of a police academy, and
--construction of a dispensary in Nema -
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MAURITANIA
MINISTER DISCUSSES PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM
Nouakchott CHAAB in Fren.ch 22-23, 24 Sep 79
[Interview with Minister of Civil Service and Professional Training, Mr Yahya
Ould Menkouss, by D. 0. Hamden]
[22-23 Sep 79 , p 3)
[Text] Followi.ng its accession to power, the CMSN [Mi litary
Committee for National Welfare] established several spe cial
~ commissions to reorganize all sectors of national life. One
of these commissions is assigned to educational reform and
has just suspended its proceedings after several meetings -
which did not produce any concrete results. But despite the ~
differences of opinion which emerged in the course of these
meetings, Mr Yahya O. Menkouss, minister of civil servi ce -
and professiona~ training, informed us dwring this interview
_ of his total optimism concerning the success of this commis-
sion, for as he said, it is composed of national offic i als.
CHAAB: Mr Minister, you are the chairman of the commission ass i qned to
_ educational reform, which has already met several times. What are the -
results which you have already achieved? Do you believe that th is commis-
sion will succeed?
ANSWE R: This commission has been working for some time. In its most recent
meetings, it has taken up all the issues concerning education in our country. -
It is an advisory commission which receives directives and it has suspended
its proceedirigs in order to acquire more intensive information so that it can
continue its work.
With regard to its success, this is certain, since it is compos e d of competent -
national officials.
CHAAB: According to certain rumors, there is some question of two separate -
educational systems, one in Arabic and another in French. What is the real
truth, Mr Minister?
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ANSWER: The man on the street is not a source of reference. What I can
tell you--and which is toi:ally natural when a national cause is discussed--
is that everything was di~cussed and views were divergent.
Foreign languages can be studied without that affecting r?ational languages. '
In this regard, the commission has not yet reached a decision. However,
several views were expressed. In any case, no decision has yet been made
_ for the simple reason that the commission has not completed its work. -
CHAAB: Does the establishment of this commission mean that certain short-
comings have been noted in the case of the previous reform?
ANSWER: The previous reform has its good points as well as its drawbacks.
The government and the CMSN therefore considered it necessary to review it,
which is completely normal, since every reform is subject to continual _
review.
CHAAB: We are on the eve of a new academic year. What provisions have
already been taken in this connection? Has the improvement of students'
conditions been considered?
ANSWER: For the time being, no increase in student aid is being considered
_ because of th-a country's current particularly difficult situation. However,
we have insisted that a proper administration be set up to make students as
comfor*_