JPRS ID: 8762 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/8762
13 November ~979
- Sub-~aharan Africa Re ort
~
- CF~~UO No. 654,
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FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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JPRS L/8762 -
13 November 1979
SUB-SAI~ARAN AFRICA REPORT . -
(FOUO No. 654) '
CONTENTS PAGE
_ INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Rice Development Association's ActivitiFS Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Sep 79)..... 1
Briefs _
~ WADB Loans 4
CEAO Capital Funds Proposal 4
Soumbounou Still Free 4
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC �
New President Not at all Popular
(Mohamed Selhami; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 10 Oct 79).......... 5
EQUATORIAL GL'INEA
People Ready tor Any Sacrifice To Return to Civilization
(CAMBIO 16, 14 Oct 79) 9 -
MALI -
Briefs
Qualified UNJM Approval 13 '
Bid Construction Load 13
MOZ.9~IQUE
Machel on Food Supply Difficulties, Price Levels
. (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER~APIEENS, 21 Sep 79)...... 14 `
Briefs
FAD Road Construction Loan 16
- a- [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page
NI~ER
~ Briefs
Uranium to UK 17
_ SENEGAL
- Briefs
Diop Appeal to UN 18
ZAIRE
- Economic Report on Zaire for 19i7-1978
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 21 Sep 79).... 19
Executive,Council Aids Consu~er Goods Importation
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANLENS, 21 Sep 79).... 25
Briefs
Cooperation With Yugoslavia
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
- RICE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION'S ACTIVITIES REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2565
- [Articie: "ADItAU Activities"]
[Text] Mopti Special Project
On 15 September, Sidi Coulibaly, executive secretary of the ADRAO [Asaocia-
tion for the Development of Rice Cuiture in West Africa], Dr Joe Jackson,
_ president of the administrative council and minister of agriculture and
forests in Sierra-Leone, and Fagnanama Kone, minister of rural development
in Mali, dedicated the facilities for ADRAO's special research project at
Mopti in Mali.
Millions of dollars have been invested in this facility which is designed
to conduct studies on floating and deep-immersion rice culture. It must -
_ be recalled that the ADRAO special research pro~ects aim towards an inter-
disciplinary approach to rice culture problems by ecological zone. Thus,
- one of its pro~ects is based at Rokupr in Sierra-Leone to study rice culture
in mangrove swamps, another at Richard-Toll/Fanaye in Senegal for the
problems of irrigated rice culture, and the last at Bouake in the Ivory
Coast for rain rice culture.
The Mopti research pro~ect priorities include varietal improvement, battling
against insects and weeds, agronomy ~nd popularization. _
Seminar on Water Management
The ADRAO has organized a semin~r on water management, at Ouagadougou, from
3 September to 5 October 1979. The ob~ect of this seminar is to encourage
exchange of information and comparison of experi~nces among the participants
as well as to pre~ent case studies. The aim of this presentation is under-
- standing of the problems w:~ich presently face (or haye faced) the partic-
ipants. It will further allow evalua~tion of the various solutions which
are presented.
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The sub~ects to be deba~ted during the setninar are as follows: rice in
West Africa and perspectives of self-suff~ciency, problems relating to
water management, water needs and drainage, water supply, use of floo~
waters, establishing prices, farm labor organizations, training needs,
manag~ment of the perimeters, swamp develogment, water resources in west
_ Africa, and construction of small dams in Upper Vo1ta. Field trips to -
Upper Volta and Niger are also planned.
Seminar on Control of Disease and Insects
The ADRAO organized a seminar on integrated methods for fighting rice _
~ diseases and parasitic insects, from 17 to 22 September, at Bobo-Dioulasso.
The seminar brought together 30 to 35 researchers representing the 15 member =
countries of the ADRAO, researchers from international organizations as
well as from private companies and organizations, and independent researchars.
As the ADRAO research work aims essentially to increase rice output by
varietal improvemQnt, the seminar proposed to gather directives and indi-
- cate meas~zres the participants could ta'~e to stem epidemics of disease
and stop the inv,zsions of insects coming from Southeast Asia, as well as
to -!dentify and utilize elements of the integrated methods which already -
- exist in West Africa for controlling dise~se and insects.
Experience acquired ovei the past 15 years in Southeast Asia has ahown that
the consequences of intensification of rice culture resulting from the
introduction of highly productive varieties are radical changes in the
complexes of insect population and disease. New diseases and insect species
have appeared and certain infections which previously caused only minitaal
losses have become particularly destructive. Consequpntly, it has been
necessary to completely modify the traditional approaches adopted in thp :
field of controlling insects and disease for crops like rice. Research
carried out in this sector brought about an entirely new concept, that of
- integrated control. This seminar was organized to familiarize the area
participants with this new concept.
Seminar on Rice Output Strategies
~
Last, the ADRAO will organize a seminar on strategies for development of
rice culture in the member countries of the association, from 15 to 20
October 1979, at Monrovia.
West Africa is increasingly depending on imported rice to satisfy its food
needs and this is accompanied by significant expenses in foreign currency.
In acc.ordance with the resolution adopted by the administrative council
in its seventh session at Cotonou in 1977, the executive secretary organ-
ized this seminar to discuss the results of the studies and to formulate
recoIInnendations which could be used by the member countries. s
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The objectives of the seminar will be:
~ a) to review the problems and advantages of fihe various production and
commer~ial techniques practicecl in the ADRAO member countries;
b) to examine rice policies in the member countries and the options chosen
by the various governments to use these policies as well as their -
success; _
c) to examine the trends of rice supply and demand in the ADRAO member
countries and to make some long- and short-term projections. The goal
of this study will be to evaluate perspectives of area self-sufficiency
by 1980;
d) to formul2.te recomanendations to the ADRAO ~xecutive secretary and to
- outside sourc2s as well as to member countries to accelerate the process
of rice sQlf-sufficiency in the ADRAO region.
~
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1979
9171
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
WADB LOANS--Loans totalling 1,946 million CFA (38 million French francs)
were granted to 4 African countries by the managing committee of WADB
[West African Development Bank] which met at Lome on 4 September. In a
statement released 5 September in the Togo capital, WADB indicated that
the beneficiaries of these loans are: Ivory Coast-a loan of 875 million
: CFA to help finance the coconut palm pro~ect of the interior. The ob~ect
of this pro~ect is to establ.ish 5000 hectares of village plantations over
. a period of 5 years; Niger-a~ loan of 370 million CFA to finance a pro3ect _
for 200 wells with pumps in the Liptako region; Senegal-a loan of 160 mil-
lion CFA for partial financj.ng of industrial investments in Kaolack (about _
200 km south of Dakar); Benj:n-a loan of 541 million CFA to finance a pro~ect
for a corn production complex. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER-
RANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2565] 9171
CEAO CAPITAL FUNDS PROPOSAL--In Dakar, ECOWAS [Economic Community of West
African States] experts studied a pro~ect for agreement on circulation of
capital funds and assets at the heart of this group of six French-speaking
- countries. The agreement will be submitted at the CEAO summit next October
at Nouakchott. According to Moussa Ngom, general secretary of the organiza-
tion, its objective is "to arrive at the construction of a more homogenous
zone of exchanges taking into account the constituent national entities"
and thus to arrive at a greater mobility of community wealth. [Excerpt]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX E7' MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2565] 9171
% SOUI~OUNOU STILL FREE--Medina ~otm?bounou has not been handed over Co the
Malian gover~ent. A1-Qadhdhafi had actually promised to hand over to
the authorities in Bamako the man who claimed he was preparing with Libya's
assistance, to overthrow r[oussa Traore's regime. But the Malians are not
in a hurry. They wi.ll reportedly open a judicial inquest so that an inter-
national arrest warrant c~uld subsequently be issued against Medina
Soumbounou. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 31 Oct 79 p 38]
CSO: 4400
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
NEW PRESIDENT NOT AT ALL POPULAR
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 10 Oct 79 pp 30, 32
- [Ar.ticle by Mohamed Selhami]
' [Text] Monday, 24 September, 7 a.m. After having flown over the boundless
Central African forest, the Air Afrique DC 10, coming from Paris, landed on
the Bangui airport's well-worn, one and o~ly 3.anding strip guarded by
. French soldiers. There are a hundred of them, their finger on the trigger,
red beret, combat uniform. On the runway, three Transall. A thousand
- paratroopers are spread across the capital, controlling the trouble spots:
the presidential palace, radio and television, Che ministries, the Berengo
palace, the harbor, and ~nter'sections. Land Rovers and armored vehiclea
are scouring the streets. Puma helicopters are flying over Oubangui, the
river which marks the boundary w~th Zaire.
Here we are now in the very heart of this African town which has 3ust
. experienced a great moment fn its history. On the way to the hotel,
there loomed up before us an enormous ramshackle atructure topped by a
tricolor flag. T_t is the Frencfi Embassy used, under the circumstances,
as the countryFS political and military headquarters. I wen~ inside with
two colleagues. Amid a continual coming and going of people and the
crackling of the Telex maEhines echoing through the halls--a mysterioua
news agency has been set up there--an officf~l~-~o~.d us: "It is uselesa
to ask to see the ambassador. Mr RoberC Picquet is busy." But the
ambassador himself did receive us. To assure us that "the situation is
well under control" and that we cauld freely move about.
Bangui, in fact, is calm under the protection of Fren~h cannons. Some
- scattered traces of plundering, especially in the stores.... "This was
_ not out of revenge, but to ateal for food, For the people are hungry."
This is how they explain the initial incidenta which marked Fr~:day, -
21 September, the day after Bokassa's overthrow, an explanation which
appearances corroborate. The markets are almoat empty. UCter destitution
is reflected on the faces of the passers-by in the streets. Hands out-
stretched, a cloud of children doggedly pursue foreigners. A aingle coin
delights them. The dwellings? For the most part, ~ust hovels. Here the
empire made no attempt whatsoever at town planning. A sorry spectacle
_ left by a pitiful emperor after 13 years in power. -
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In the Central African memory, the ex-emperor is only a painfui r~n,etnbrance.
"In our eyes, he no longer exists. We buried him Sunc~ay night, 23 ;September
during the demonstration, when we threw his bust, among other thing~, into
the common ditch in the city graveyard." Day after day, the empirE's
- emblems are disappearin~: portraits of the dictator are burned; the
ECA [East African Community] acronym is removed from the number plates of
- cars; the imperial emblems attached to the administration buildings'
- walls are smashed. Only the bank notes stamped with Bokassa's effigy
are spared.
Disarmed, booed and insulted by some, ignored by others, the emperor's
soldiers wander around tfie streets. "A soYry lot. Despite the harm they
- have done, they are a pitiful sight. They acted under their superiors'
- orders. They are the ones who should be punished." The undergraduate
who made these remarks to us vows a fierce hatred for the ex-emperor's
collaborators. "I wish to see them hanging right in the center of Bangui."
He is not the only one.
Thousands of his fellowmen de~and that justice be done. They are con-
tinually repeating~this in their demons::rations and in the posters they
stick on the walls. Gone is the time of general euphoria which on
Friday, 21 September, saw 200,000 people crowd the capital with the cry -
"Long live France!" -
Enthusiasm soon gave way to skepticism. And some feel ill at ease because
of the ceaseless paratrooper patrols. Searches are on the increase. The
curfew is still in force. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
cure," say French warrant officers. "With the Africans, one never knows.
Their calm is misleading. They will not, perhaps, stir up widespread d~s- -
_ turbances, but they are capable of murdering in order to steal." About
_ 40 years of age, the fighter type, this warrant officer seems to know
"his tough guys" well after havin~ knociced about the world in at least
10 "black African" countries. He feels obliged to explain to us that he
is not a racist. "But, what~do you expect, they are not civilized. In
another 50 years they will have changed. That is why our assistance is -
_ always so necessary for them." ~
Many French soldiers share the warrant officer's opinion. Their language
hardly differs from that spoken by their elders in "the good old c:olanis.:t
days." Nevertheless, these men still have some admirers: the French
- community, some 3,000 strong. "As long as our soldiers are there, we
have nothing to fear. But they must stay as long as possible..." said a
doctor born in Setif (Algeria). Ae had painful memories of the Algerian
_ National Liberation Front [FLN] war: "This timQ we shall not allow our ~
army to suffer any rebuffs." Ae speaks with a disconcerting self-
= assurance as if Central Africa were Alsace and Lorraine. But why was it
started? No one will take the risk of opposing it. At least.as long as ~
the country's leaders continue to believe the French army's presence to be
indispensable~ "They will stay 10 more years if it is necessary," said' ~
President David Dacko straight out, -
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- No one really disputes this. They accept it while awaiting the euphoria
to disappear. -
- The rejoicing began to tone down from Saturday, 22 September, only
36 hours after the 'coup d'etat.' The Bangui walls were covered with
this slogan: "The dog is gone. The young hounds remain." They are calling
for "the head" of the ex-emperor's collaborators. Some of his supporters
, have been arrested. Others, no. But oddly enough, the French presence
is barely questioned at all. The people, in fact, fear d isturbance caused
= particularly by the Libyans. As a matter of fact, following the arrest
' of 37 Qadhdhafi soldiers, Friday, 21 September, all Bangui was haunted
by the fixed idea of the Libyan specter. The obsession is knowingly
fostered. But every day that goes by increases the tension and some fear _
an uprising of the people. It very nearly broke out on 26 Septen~ber.
Three thousand ~entral Africans took over the airport to prctest Paris' _
- opposition to Ange Patasse's return. Bokassa's former prime minister had :
' suddenly become a national hero. "Why are they preventing Patasse's
~ return to Bangui, when they have allowed others to do so? We want Patasse
and France has no right to go against our wishes. We are ready to die for
him," said the Ce~ftral Africans.
This sudden admiration for Ange Patasse was not long in weakening. Many -
reproached him for seeking refuge in Libya. "Why did he do that? He
had no need to," was heard said by people who only the day before ;aere
singing their hero~s praises. But Ange Patasse made the mistake of asking
protection from Qadhdhafi, whom here they look upon as an enemy. This
rally caused Paris to strengthen its military presence in Central Africa.
Paratroopers and goot soldiers, coming from France, are still disembarking
in Bangui. They are settling down on the borders, in the brush, in
_ the Bakouma and Boare mining regions, to keep watch over diamond and
uranium mines.
- The mission of these reinforcements, with their heavy and light arms, is "
to ensure security and help the country's economic revival. This revival
is urgen.t if they wish to prevent looting of the stores and houses. For
the people want money and something to eat. Promises have been made to
them and now and then, cargo planes coming from France d ischarge meat,
vegeCables, flour at the Bangui airport. As forTnoney, it is France also,
which once again, undertakes to assure the officials' salaries. These
: latter, moreover, have long since lost thA taste for work. Some Frenchmen
superintend them and in some instances, support them.
No doubt, the administration will not be long in getting back on its feet. _
But there will still be the political unrest which neither the French
army nor President David Dacko has succeeded in completely coping with.
The new president is not very popular. He is accused of being a man devoid
of vigor and utterly inconsister~t. He has, however, made one move which
ha~ been greatly appreciated: the freeing of political prisoners and of ~ _
o ~ommon law. But his promise to democr~tize the country has been received -
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with considerable skepticism. "Why has he not instituted free elections
" to nominate the head of state? This would be the best proof of democracy,"
says a good number of Central Africans. And they add, sarcastically,
' "France has freed us from the tyrant but has imposed her own man on us."
' COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1979
8870 `
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:~~UATO~tTAL GUIN~,A
i'LOPLr, Rr,AUY FOR ANY SACRIFIC ; TO RETURN TO CiVILIZATION
P~Ia.dri~ CAI��'IBIO 16 in Spanish 14 Oct 79 pp 61-62
- [Article: "This Is How 1~'~a.sie Died"~ _
[Text] Two machine-gun bursts put an end to the dictator of Equatorial
Guinea who had been sentencec'~ to death along with five accomplices by a
court. Thus ended a his~orical nightmare and now a ravaged country faces
a restoration of civiliz~.tion.
Antonio was attentively listening to Capt ~zlo~io ayo Riqueza. In the dark
kitch2n of the Hotel b,~.hia the chief political meetin~ place in Malabo
and center of all activity p~lga{~ed in by reporters, diplomats and government
_ officials Antonio received the presiding judge of tk~e court that tried
and sentenced F`rancisc~ 1'~ta,sie and his henchmen, the most important respon-
sibility of his life, ^aeven breakfasts, 7 liters of wine and a, single bottle
of whisky, These constituted the last meals of those who were sentenced to
death. With the collaboration of Peru ~gurbide~ Juan Carlos Alganaxaz,
sent to T~'ialabo by CAT'~IO 16~ wrote up this report. ,
The special envoys who followed the trial proceedings are used to the miracles -
performed by Antonio, a friendly and intelligent 20-year-old, capable of
� dig~in~ up some sort of hot meal when everything is closed~ The night b~:~--
fore the triwl began, our CAN~IO 16 reporter ha,d to resign himself to being
hungry, sharing a bottle of Chinese beer with Captain Oyo Riqueza at the
iiotel Bahia because not even Antonio could solve the meal problem~ Neither
of the two~ the soldier and the worker~ could dream of the drama,tic circum-
- ~tances of their next meeting~
Antonio tried his best but there was little he could do, string beans, a
= bit of canned neat, boiled plantains and some pineapple. With Celestino~
his assistant, they left for the jail in I~a.labo at 1530 hours. These two
youn~ Guineans, whom fate ha,d chosen to serve as privileged witnesses to
the final scene of Francisco Masie Nguema's dictatorship~ moved along with
their hearts in their mouths,
When Antonio entered Nlasie's cell with the blindfold, the dictator was
�.:triding about, much chan~ed, but striving to maintain his authoritarian,
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~wa~;~;erin~ air, tie stopped for an instant, looked at the meal: "Th~,nk:~~
con. There's no time f.or that and you la~ow I don't like liquor." Antonio
rciuained rnotionless. Thcm T~u~.sie picked up a towel, waved to the young man
arid l~ft to wash up~ ~.ccompanied by a~uard, -
`i.'he .La,st I~~lomentr
Other witnesses related the following incidents, which constittzte an account .
of the last hours of "Guinea~s sole living miracle," Francisco Masie, a
nernber.of Africa's bloodiest trio�of dictators, which also included Idi
A.~nin of Uganda and ~nperor Boka.ssa I of the Central African ~npire and which
� has fortunately disappeared during these past 6 months.
rlasie returned to his cell and could hear the speech his chief bodyguaxd;
~;duardo Eciu~ was makin~ to the soldiers and the two valets, urging them to
pa,triotically cooperate with the new regime. This was one of the few stri-
dent moments before the final walk to the place of' execution~ Silence en- -
veloped the rest of the conde~ed men until ex-Governor of A'Ia,labo Miguel
~~yeque Ntutum began to sob and cry for his life~ "I was only obeying
orcl~rs!" he shouted as he was dragged away by the guards~ ~c-direetor
general of security Pastor Nsue~ the director of Ba,ta Prison~ Fortuiiato
- Nsono~ ~~dua.rdo rdu and Irlasie's nephew, Bienvenido Nsue Micha,, charged with .
blindly carrying out his cruelest orders, had the same excuses~ At 1745
hours I~1a.labo time, these six men started down their road to death~ They
lined up in the prison courtyard, facing a platoon of 20 soldiers expressly
chosen from among the different ethnic groups and clans ~o that the execution
would be truly "national" in character~
In a.ddition to the second lieutenant who was comrnandi.ng the firing squad, -
the presiding judge of the court, Capt. ~ulogio Oyo Riqueza, the res~~ of
" them member~ of the court, the doctor, Dr T~fa.ho, and a priest were present~
- Until the last moment, the tyrant expected the chief of state, Lt Col
= Teodoro Obian Nguema, to commute his sentence to life imprisonment. But -
there was no pasdon. Only 6 hours intervened between the passing of the
sentence on him in the I�~taxfil Movie Theater and ita execution.
Several witnesses swore that Ntasie shouted: "Pity, pity!" shortly before
the order to fire was given~ Then he delivered a confused harangue in the
Fan~ language to the Jquad, Along with the five other condemned men, the
~ supreme wizard~ who had maintained tha,t "no Guinean can harm me~" received
burst of fire fro~ the Soviet Kalashnikov machine ~uns, stag~ered and fell _
slowly enou~h for the gunners to cut him down with a second burst of fire~ .
The officer immediately terminated the proceedings with a coup de grace to
the na,pes of the six condemned men's necks.
i~iasie's pathetic solitude when he was nothing but a corpse, No one claimed
his body, In a shabby wagon the remains of the man who had accumulated an
extraordinaxy fortune~ laid waste his country, enjoyed~all-embracing power -
and never granted the pitf he ha,d begged for at the last minute were trans-
ported 12 kr~ to a spot in the forest~ There~ he was buried in a common ~
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~ave in the ce~etery of Santa Cruz which is inexorably devoured by the
:~urroundin~ ve~:tation,
'~hc c~ncl or a Ni ~htmr~,~ra
'Pl~e nif,hi;iri~~rr, i:; c~vc~~~. 1t l:iated 11 years~ CN~ll3IU 1G'., u~>ccia.l envoya ~iav~~
collcr.ted countl~~:~:c :;t.~t~~u~~~iit:s that ca.n be 3ut~uned. u~~ in onu word: he1.1.
~~Wery sector of Guinc;a.n life wa~ destroyed, lioa,ds, hospitals, the educationa~L
system, energy~ water and food distribution~ everything that constitutes the
_ essence of civilized life ended up in a state of paralysis anc~ then embarked
on a proces:; of decomposition, All tha,t was left were the rema,ins of a
phantom country, survivors in ~host towns, Only the tropical fruits prevented
total genocide, Spied on, terrorized~ dying of hunger and scour~ed by six "
epidemics a.nd a countless number of ilZnesses~ Guineans sought refuge in the
forest which provided then with protection against the arbitrary rule of the
- dictator, I�Iasie, and the little foad there was: arum~ cassava~ planta.ins,
some sugar cane and papaya. Bread and milk, "colonial" foods~ were deli-
c~,cies that existed only in people's n~emories,
ti~Jith the disappearance of hlasie~ reconstructi.on begins. "~,verything has to
be done from scratch~'~ explained Spanish Ambassador Juan Bautista de Andrada, -
who had ~pent an exhaustin$ day organizing aid fr~m Spain which has been
arr.iving with ne3ther the speed nor in the amounts the tragic situation re-
quires, "It is almost impossible to imagine the magnitude of this task~
Bu.t there can be no delays because the lives of the people are at stake,"
The new government has to contend with a sea of ethnic groups~ clans~
- far.Lilies whose affinal relationships seem to be intercu.nable~ tribes and
systems of loyalty based on coxunon ma.gic rites~
Ilasie's arbitrary rule reached such an extreme that no official, no raa,tter
how important his position~ could avoid the wrath of the dictator who, from
time to tirne, ~ent them to the forced labor camps to "splash about" and
to cut grass, -
By then~ money meant nothing~ The country ha,d returned to a baxter economy~
lTo wages were paid, And everyone, or all the survivors~ a.s the Gui,neans
lil:e to allude to theMSelves~ had to choose betweer the precarious refuge
of the forest and the forced labor camps and periodic massacres of the� -
"Youth r;arching with t-ia.sie," a paramilitasy organization which, following~
the dictator's orders, had decided to kill by beatin~ people to death in
order to save eullets.
- Ur~nize the 1~xny
Fa.ced with this vale of desolation~ the government's task has been to first
of all deal with those chiefly responsible for the genocide, not the easy
- way by means of shots in the dask, but by public trial, So now the young
soldiers are trying to organize the only structure capable of elevating
itself above the racial, ethnic and political diapersion Francisco Masie -
- provoked: the army~
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Building a di~ciplined military organization also me~.ns beginning to organize
the state. Then come the most immediate priorities: food and health~ re- -
storing electricity in the chief cities, providing ~ure drinki.ng water wherever
pos3iblc. Thanks to the historical catastrophe, the government~s program is
limited by the purely physical aspeets of the 3ituation~
Foreigl aid is an i~~ue that a,rouses the ~pirits of all Guineans, Spain,
- the former colonia.l power~ has been called on to perform a fundamental role ~
_ in the economic as well as cultural reconstruction. But the Gui.nean Govern-
ment is determined - and its members have proclaimed the fact not to
enter into exclusive relations with anyone~ '"~Je will accept any kind of -
- aid," Lieutenant Colonel Obiang N~uema, ha.s declAxed~ And in connection with =
- this, the Guineans know tha.t the aid the great powers offer inexorably hae _
to be paid back in some way.
France seeras disposed to display the biggest initiative in optin~ for oil
exploration and exploitation of the other natural wealth that has turned
~quatorial Guinea in�to one of the richest countries in l~frica: cacao, wood,
palm oil, fruits, etc. Stiifferin~ greatly from a decline in preatige due to
its support of Masie, the Soviet Union is primaxily interested in the exploi- _
tation of fishing grounds with a base at Luba, whose strate~ic importance
as a center of communications is growing. Although it is now lrnown that
- the Soviets were wise enough to ~et out in time and collaborated with the -
_ military who overthrew Plasie. During the first few days of the revolution,
the presidential airplane, Soviet-made and piloted by Soviets, served to
, transport reinforce~enta of soldiers and military supplies between the _
- isla.nd and the continent. The USSR also has its aid prob*ram for the new
~overnment, just as does China,, which offers new loans in exchange for a
mantle of for~etfulnes~ tha.t enables it to hush up the support ~he Pekin~
Gover.ruc~ent extended Ma,sie until the last moment.
';lhen the echo of the shots that ended the most negative period in their
- history died away, the Guineans started the long maxch toward the recon-
~truction of their country, toward which end they lack neither potential
natural wealth nor the excellent human material of a people prepared to make
any sacrifice to restore civilization. -
- ~.ntonio, who brou~ht T4asie his last meal~ earns 600 pesetas a month, has an -
interminable workday and supports a family of eight. "The Spaniards~" he
confided to CAi~IO 16, "lrnew how to bequeath to us a sense of humor. We
will need it to be able to forget and face the f~zture. The rest is work,
work, work~"
COPYRIGIiT: 1979 Inf~rma,cion y Publicaciones, S.A. -
11,466 ~
Cso: 4410
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MALI
,
BRIEFS ~
QUALIFIED UNJM APPROVAL--The first national meeting of the Mali Youth Union
(UNJM) held 6-7 September at Bamak.o, praised the establishment of all the
institutions detailed in the constitution but emphasized youth's continuing
~ concern to see democracy develop in all aspects of national life in the
country. In a summary document published on 9 September, UNJM, affirming -
its membership in the Union Democratic People's Partiy of Mali (UDPM),
exhorted UDPM to organize the fight "against corruption, despotism, waste-
fulness, tax gouging and the abuses of certain leaders by public and written
denunciations at all levels." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER- -
, RANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2568J 8860
BID CONSTRUCTION LOAD--A loan agreement between the Republic of Mali and~
Che Islamic Development Bank (BID) for construction of the Sevare-Gao
Highway (a segment of the Trans-Sahara road) was signed 14 September at
~ Bamako by Mady Diallo, Malian minister of finance and conmerce, and Ahmed
Mohamed Ali, president of BID. Ahmed Mohamed Ali stated that the parties
"had agreed in June 1978 at D~eddah to participate in the financing of the
priority section Sevaro-Gao of the Malian branch of the Trans-Sahara high-
way, for a cost of about $60 million. On 27 July 1979," he continued, "a
loan agreement of $7 million had been signed in Vienna between the Republic
of Mali and Special OPEP funds, which then turned ~ver to BID the administra-
tion of its part in the pro~ect." For the Malian minister, the signature
of this loan agreement constitutes "a concrete step in the general plan
leading to realization of the complete Trans-Saharan." The Malian presi-
dent, General Moussa Traore, last 2 July turned the first shovel of the ~
Malian branch. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDI7.''~RRANEENS in
French 21 Sep 79 p 2568] 8860 .
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MOZAMBYQUE
MACHEL ON FOOD SUPPLY DIFFICULTIES, PRICE LEVELS -
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2590
[Text] President Samo~a Machel has recently attended to the problem of '
lack of food supplies and the long lines at the stores.
These queues have been brought about, he emphasized, by different factors,
among which the princip:31 are: an increase in the population's buying _
power, significant changes in the public's eating habits, difficulties in
transporting food stuffs, a contraction of the com~ercial network, and _
- - decreases in production.
Substantial salary increases, free health care and,educational services,
as well as a decrease in re~s, have profoundly modified consumer patterns.
For example, during the colonial era, annual consumption of fish had never _
exceeded 10,000 tons. Today it is more than 30,000 tons. In 197~+, 80,000
tons of potatoes were consumed, in 1978, 110,000 tons. In 1973, Mozambicans
consumed 12,000 tons of cooking oils; in 1978 more than 20,000 tons. The
consumption of wheat (largely imported) increased this year to more than
135,000 tons. Durin~ the past, wheat-based products were reserved almost
exclusively for the European colonials.
The great price stability of essential foods allowed the majority of the _
popu~ation to keep supplied. Since 1975, for example, the price of sugar
and rice has been maintained at 8.50 escudos (1.lOF) and 13.50 escudos
~ (1.70F) respectively. Soap, corn meal, bread, fish, meat, chicken, milk,
have maintained their prices since 1975. Only prime quality meat rose from
66 escudos (8F) per kilo to 78 escudos (lOF) in 1977.
At the same time that this surge in consumption occurred, supply diffi-
, culties also emerged. Before independence, small bu~iness activity had -
been forbidden to Mozambicans. Thus the large-scale departure of the _
colonials who control.led domestic commerce caused a serious rupture in t}~e
networks of distrib~u�L'.~n an3 commercialization. By increasing the number
_ of consumer cooperatives the authorities resolved little by little the -
problem of commercialization. They also improved the transportation net-
work, which had practically disappeared with the departure of the colonials.
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This exodus had another consequence, the abandonment of many farn~s which
had supplied urban centers. Only now is production beginning to start up -
again.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1979
8860 .
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MOZAMBIQUE
- BRIEFS
FAD ROAD CONSTRUCTION LOAN--The African Development Fund has granted a loan
of 2.48 billion CFA francs to Mozambique for financing the 103-km Alto
Molocue-Rio Liginha highway. The agreement was signed 13 September at -
Abidjan by Mr Gondwen, president of the African Development Bank, and
Francisco Manuel da Conceicao Pereira, national director of Routes de
Mozambique. The loan will finance 70 percent of the total project cost,
the foreign exchange requirement, the Mozambique Government will take the
30 percent in local money. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER-
RANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2591] 8860 -
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NIGER
BRIEFS "
- URANIUM TO LTK--For the time being, the first firm producing electricity,
the Central Electricitv Generating Board (CEGB), depends on Namibia for
one-third of its procurement of supplies. In order to avoid all pQlitical
pressure and because of the delay in Namibian deliveries, the British
company would like to obtain its supplies mainly from Niger and Australia.
[Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in Frextch 10 Oct 79 p 64] 8870
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SENEGAL
BRIEFS
DIOP APPEAL TO UN~--As he never succeeded in obta3ning thQ right to legal
existence, the founder of the Democratic National Rally (RND) has decided
to appeal to the United Nations relative to the interr,^tional provisions
on freedom of association. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French -
~ct 79 p 64] 8870 -
CSO: 4400
-
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ZAIRE
ECONOMIC REPORT ON ZAIRE FOR 1977-1978
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 pp 2555-2556
/Text/ The Bank of Zaire recently published (end of June) its annual report -
covering the 1977-1978 period. The following excerpts give some indications
of the economic situation.
Growth of the Gross Domestic Product
The declining general economic activity clearly slowed its pace in 1977
when the decrease in marketable gross domestic product was only 0.9 percent
as compared to a decrease of 6.7 percent noted for 1976. The construction/
public works and export agriculture sectors registered decreas~s (-16.6
percent and -9.3 percent respectively), mining and metallurgy as well as -
the services sectors registered increases (+6.5 percen~ and +7.8 percent -
respectively, the growth in services stemming largely from an increase
in public employment and salaries). Duties and import taxes again showed
a decrease: -9.7 percent (as compared to 37.4 percent in 1976). -
The preliminary projections for 1978 seem to indicate more favorable
~ developments in the nation's economic activity.
In 1977 the national product increased 30.2 percent in nominal value, compared
to close to 50 percent in 1976, reflecting foreign aid transfers. Heavier
pressures from indirect taxation, especially in export taxes, brought the
growth in national revenue (at current prices) to 32.5 percent.
Production -
Since 1970, Zairian agriculture has been confronted by enormous structural
difficulties; the recession had been on the order of 9 percent in 1977 and
a new decrease was recorded in 1978. Production of palm oil amounted to -
104,856 tons in 1977 (-23,742 tons from 1976) and, in spite of doubling the -
price to 500 zaires the ton from 259, the price fixed for prnducers for the
current season, 1978 will be marked by a certain stagnation in tonnage-- '
thus it is necessary to activate the national plan for palm which provides
for the implantation of 100,000 hectares of industrial palm plantations. -
~ . I
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The 1976 increase in coffee exports did not follow through in 1977; exports
were 64,113 tons (-44,480 tons), the decline in shipments is imputed to
growth in smuggling, a situation which persisted throughout 1978.
Despite periodic revisions of the price paid to producers, production of
cotton continued to decline; after ginning, the cotton fiber remaining was
not more than 10,000 tons, in 1977 as well as in 1978. This volume being
insufficient to supply the national textile industry, Zaire has become an
importer of cotton fiber since 1976.
The year 1977 was better than the preceding year for the mining industrie~,
- whose production index increased 6.1 percetit (113.2 as compared to 106.7
- in 1976). For the first 9 months of 1978, a decline was again recorded
with a decrease of 5.7 percent; the production of copper the first three
trimesters of 1978 amounted to 315,578 tons (+10.1 gercent), of which
291,810 tons went to (=ecamines (-41,105 tons), which sti11 suffers diffi-
culties in getting supplies of materials and equipment and from the effects
of the reorganization of its center at Kolwezi.
In 1977 production of manganese ore decreased to close to 70 percent of 1976.
" Production of gem diamonds at Kasai increased 37 percent in.1977 (as compared
to a decrease of 21 percent in 1976); the first 8 months of 1978 saw a
production of 375,000 carats. The production of industrial diamonds
decreased in 1977 with 10.8 million carats (0.7 million) and for the first
8 months of 1979 amounted to 8.1 million carats.
- The exploitation of recently discovered oilfields decreased 9 percent in
1977 in relation to 1976 and 18.9 percent during the~first three trimesters
' of 1978.
In spite of the difficulties of supplying raw materials, semi-finished
goods, and replacement parts, manufacturing recorded a decrease.of only
1 percent in 1977 (-6 percent in 1976).
The year 1978 will mark a slight comeback in production, a comeback supported
by the industries of supply and equipment. The production of sugar increased
26.2 percent in 1977. Breweries recorded a decrease in production of 6.3
percent, a decrease partially cancelled by a comeback of 3.4 percent noted
at the end of 1978. Printed yard goods recorded a recession of 11.5 percent
in 1977, a recession reaching 36.3 percent for 1978 after two ma~or companies
closed provisionally due to lack of raw materials.. The ready-made clothing
industry saw a decrease in activity of 13.]. percent and 1978 recorded a
new diminuation of 4.9 percent. The shoe industry recorded an increase
of 12.2 percent in 1977 and a 4.6 percent increase in 1978. The plastics
industries have found a satisfying rhythm: +10.5 percent in 1977 and +14.3
percent in 1978.
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The construction/public works sector continues to suffer the consequences
of stagnation in building and the halting of major works for establishing
an inf rast ructure; the index of cement use dropped from 108 to 90 in
1977 (-16.7 percent).
, Gross production of electricity increased 1 percent as compared with +8
= percent in 1976, and consumption of petroleum products dropped 21.7 percent
in 1977 as compared with a decrease of 3 percent in 1976. T~is recession
_ reflected the difficulties of supply in imported products and the refinery
- products from Societe Zairoise De Raffinage dropped to 58 percent during
1977.
With the exception of the airline Air Zaire, all transport activities
decreased in ~977. A decrease in Onatra River traffic~~amo unts to 9.4
percent (-11.7 percent in 1976) because of a diminuation in agricultural
production tonnage and competition from independently owned ships. The
southern ne twork of the Societe National des Chemins de Fer Zairois recorded
a new decrease of 4.7 percent (-8.5 percent in 1976), and the northern
network was even more affected (-30.5 percent), because of an inadequate
supply of d iesel fuel and a decrease in ooffee exports. The administrations
of the principal ports reported decreases in tonnage of 22.3 percent in
1977.
- Investments
~ The investment level reflects the difficult economic situation of Zaire;
public inve stments amounted to 275.5 million zaires in 1977 as compared to
_ 253 millions in 1976, representing close to 22 percent of public expenditures
(25.9 percent in 1976), the part devoted to projects for the economic
infrasturcture was set at 45 per~cent, the ma~ority going to the energy sector
(completion of the Inga program and the high tension transmittal lines
Inga-Shaba).
, As for the private sector, its initiatives remain limited, with, however,
- a net comeback during 1978. The Commission on Investments apioroved five
projects in 1977 amounting to 4.3 million zaires (10 pro~ects at 10.7
million zaires in 1976). In 1978, five pro~ects were approved, but
amounting to 12.7 million zaires (of which 10.8 mil~ion applied to the
industrial sector and 1.9 million to forestry).
Participations by the Societe Financiere de Developpement (Sofide) amounted
to 22 million zaires (as compared to 10.6 million in 1976) representing
47.5 percent of the investments planned by promotors (31 percent in 1976),
- the financing concerni~ig principally manufacturing, animal husbandry, and
foresty operations loc~lized at Kinshasa and in Bas Zaire, Kivu and Shaba.
Salaries and Prices
~ After the monetary devaluation ~n March 1976 and the general 20 percent
salary increase which followed, salaries remained blocked until September
1977, when a maximum 20 percent increase was authorized in the private
sector. The public sector, an increase of 25 percent occurred in March 1978,
limited to certain state categories.
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Consumer price increases were strongly amplified: +63 percen~ in 1977 and .
+54.4 percent in 1978 (-H60.8 percent in 1976).
- At the end of 1977 the public payroll amounted to 363,000 units (+16.9 -
percent over the end of 1976). In the private sector, 799,000 workers were
affiliated to the social security plan. -
Public Finances
After a relative improvement stemmed from both an increase in receipts and
a contraction in expenditures, a decrease resulting from not servicing
the foreign debt and a reduction in the investment program.
In the absence of any stabilization plan including restraints on Treasury -
monetary financing, expenditures accelerated in 1978, g consequence of
extending the state bureaucracy and its cost during a time when receipts
were showing some lack of push.
Zairian Treasury operations during the last four fiscal periods is summarized
as follows: (in millions of zaires):
1974 1975 1976 1977
- Current receipts. . . . . . 588.1 .490.5 576.8 835.5
Current expenses. 523.5 560.5 741.8 982 _
Capital expenditure 338.1 155 253 253 .
~'oreign loans . . . . . . .
(net balance) . . . . . . + 56.2 - 1.2 - 6.3 + ~.9
- Deficits: . . . . . . . . . -324.3 -216.1 -619.8 -446.3
Cecamines' contribution to state receipts was 154.3 million zaires in
1977 ( 23.1 percent over 1976) and 23 percent of total budgeted resources.
For 1978, because of the weakness in the market value of copper, Cecamines
was obliged to ask for relief on its contracted obligations to the Treasury
and because of this its fiscal contributions was reduced to 91.5 million
zaires, 12.5 percent of 1978 budget resources.
Interest payments on the public debt required 107 million zaires during
1977 (+27.8 percent) while thE~ amount foreseen was 249 million. The
arrears were therefore increased, and more so as a mortization of capital
- was limited in 1977 to only 11 million zaires. Charges on the arrears
represented 55 percent of export receipts.
In 1977 the finnncing of treasury deficit operations was assured to the
level of 273.5 million zaires through loans from the domestic banking system
and 158 million through foreign credits.
Foreign Debt
The foreign debt, state and private secto r commitments benefiting from a
- guarantee from the Zairian treasury, reached 2.9 billion zaires by the end
of December 1977, of which 2.2 billion di.scounts used (+0.8 billion at the
_ end of 1976). -
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~ A slight contraction of the overall sum was recorded during the first
10 months of 1978 (2.8 billion zaires on 30 June 1978) a special effort
- having been made for amortization of capital.
By 31 December 1978, financial and commercial arrears were valued at -
approximately 950 million DTS (Special Drawing Rights).
Managing the Zairian debt, including prolonging the period of reimbursement
and the granting of new international loans, was the sub~ect of several =
negotiations.
Concerning the position in foreign assets, the Bank of Zaire is debitor for
- 433 million zaires as of 30 September 1978.
The Balance of Trade
Foreign trade increased in 1977 and the positive balance of the balance of =
_ trade improved by +19 percent at current prices, +11 percent at index
prices. _
" Trade activity since 1974 is as follows (in millions of zaires): -
1974 1975 1976 1977
Impor~s (FOB) . . . . . . . 477 473.1 621.3 691
Exports (CAF) . . . . . . . 795.8 540.8 1172.9 1350.2 -
Excess. . . . . . . . . . +318.8 + 67.7 ~-551.6 +659.2
Belgium continues to be Zaire's foremost trading partner (supplier and
, customer), the United States is second, then France, followed by Italy,
West Germany, the United Kingdom and Japan.
~ The Balance of Payments ~
After a slight surplus of 71.5 million zaires in 1976, the general balance -
of payments at the end of 1977 showed a significant deficit of 227.7 _
million zaires, a deficit attributable to a decline in the b~lance of
service and the negative balance after the operations of financial settlements.
_ The composing factors of the general balance of payments break out as
_ follows for the last 3 years (in millions of zaires):
~ 1975 1976 1977 -
Transactions on Goods and Services. -385.6 -510.3 -1115.5
Net commercial transfer. . . . . . . . + 23.3 + 27.5 + 81
- Movements of private capital. . . . . . +124.6 +118.7 + 634.3
Movements of public captial . . . . . . +153.9 +381.1 + 347.5
Errors and omissions. . . . . . . . . . - 29.2 + 54.5 - 175 "
_ Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -113 + 71.5 - 227.7
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To restore the public financial position, Zaire is giving entirely ~ustified
attention to limiting expenditures, in particular the remuneration of `
personnel in the public sector which took 45.3 percent of the total budget
in 1977 and more than 55 percent in 1978.
During 1976 and 1977, two stabilization programs were started but were then
- interrupted for reasons stemming from both domestic an~d foreign causes.
- Efficacious recovery operations imply not only a rigorous national discipline
but also the conceasion of a considerable volume of financial grants from
foreign sources. This collaboration is indispensable for Zaire to regain
- its rank in the international community, and even more so as its population
increase, even without including migration, is estimated at 3.16 percent
in 1980.
The seriousness of Zaire's financial situation provoked, on 27 August, a new
_ monetary devaluation of 25 percent, a measure which is part of the general
recovery program for the economy. During that same month the nation benefited
from an exceptional grant-in-aid of more than $100 million from the
International Monetary Fund.
COPY.,'GHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1979.
8860
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- ZAIRE
.
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL AIDS CONSUMER GOODS IMPORTATION
, Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 21 Sep 79 p 2584
/T~xt/ The Executive Council of Zaire has decided to make available $100
million to economic operators in the country so that indispensable consumer
goods can be imported and production started up again.
During its 10 August meeting the council made up the list of those firms to
benefit from this allocation.
The criteria for dispensing the funds are as follows: priority under the
Mobutu Plan (production in manufacturing, health, transportation, energy);
, the effects on other sectors; capacity of already installed faciliti.es and
the level of investment; employment capacity; added value; capacity of saving
or generating foreign exchange; efficacy in commercializing food products -
and essential merchandise; enlarging thP fiscal base; participation in the
national development effort. Other elements also took part in the selection: -
experience in the international domain and level of organization; speed of
supply; financial capacity.
. For greater efficacy the Executive Council selected one or two enterprises
only for a sector in a given region. The firms benefiting must in their turn
redistribute the imported products to other firms in the same sector and
region respectively.
Distribution of the $100 million is as f~llows, by sector (in millions of
~ dollars):
--Manufacturing, 31.1, of which; foods, 6.45; beverages, 3.6; tobacco, ~
0.95; textiles and ready made clothing, 4; leather, 1.3; chemical products,
_ 3.5; construction materials and glass, 2.6; metal products and transportation
goods, 2.7; wood, 0.5; paper and plastic, 5.2
--Agricultural production: 5.94.
--Health: 9.
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,
--Transportation (vehicles and replacement parts): 8.4.
--Energy: 20.25, of which, fuels: 16.6.
--Food products and essent~.al goods: ~.5.3.
--National defense: 10. ~
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris, 1979
8860
CSO: 4400
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i
ZAIRE
~
BRIEFS
COOPERATION WITH YUGOSLAVIA--A joint Zaire-Yugoslavia firm, capitalized
at 1.2 million zaires (2.49 million francs) has been created to cultivate
corn in lower Zaire. This agro-industrial enterprise, whose capital is
held by the Yugoslavian company Astra (40 percent) and the Zairian company
Saciex (60 percent) will be initially exploiting 8,000 hectares of
cultivatable land and will manufacture from the corn, cornmeal, alcohol
and vegetable oils. /Test/ /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 21 Sep 79 p 2584/ 8860
CSO: 4400 END ~
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