JPRS ID: 8574 USSR REPORT RESOURCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100070019-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 95
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 19
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~

i7 JULY i9T9 CFOUO i81T9~ i OF i
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JPRS L/8574 _
17 July 1979
CFOUO 18/79~
USSR Re ort ~
p
RES4URCES
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE OJ~LY "
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NOTE
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mation was summarized or extrgcted.
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The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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JPRS L/8574
17 July 1.979
?
USSR REPORT
RESOUac~s
(FOUO 18/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
FLr.'~TftIC POWER AND POWER EQUIPN~P
Boguct,anskaya $ydroelectric Pawer Station Described
( Ye . A. Blond, D. A. Ragoz in; GIL~tOTEf~1ICI~KOYE
STROITEL'STVO, Nov 78) 1
Meeting at Construction Site of Sayano-Shushenskaya GES . -
(M. F. Skladnev, 0. D. Kudryavtseva;
GIDROTEI~IICHESKOYE STROITEI,'STVO, Dec 78) il
Lnproving Desi~n of 110 kV Substations
- (L. L. Peterson, et al.; F.~TF~tGETIC~SKOYE
STROITEL~STVO, APz' 79) 20
Advanced Structures for Substations Discussed
(L. E. Levin; ENF~tGErICSESKOYE STROITII,'STVO, APx' ?9~ 28
New Eagineering Solutions for 500 and 750 kV Substations
Presented
(G. K. Vishnyakov, et a1.; ~iGETIC~SKOYE
SZROITEL~sTV~, AF~' 79) 34
Problems oi' Improving S~.ibsta~ion Construction Discussed
( P. p. Fal.al.eyev; IIVII3GETIS~SKOYE STROITEI,' STVO,
AFr ?y) 41
Temporary Buildin~{s ~or Construction of TETs Discussed
( G. B. Gran ik; IIvERG~ICHESKOYE STROI2'EL' STVO, ~
A~ ?9) 49
Construction of Pumped-Storage Power Generating Plants
Discussed
~V . Ya Shaytanov f E1~tGEPIGHESI9~YE 9~OITEI,' STVO,
79~ 57
- a - [III - USSR - 37 FOUO~ ~
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CONTENTS (Con~~.nued) ~8e
~~ydrcelectr3c Construction on Kola Peninsule Reviewed ~
(V. CT. Iva~nov, N. P. Shargorodskiy;
EIJF~RGETICSESKOYE STROITEL~ STVO, Apr 79 ) . . . . . . . . . . 64 -
Serebryanskiye GES On-Site Dam Studies
(V. S. Kuznetsov, et a1; ENIItGEIrIC~SKOYE
s~r~orr~~sTVO, A~' 79) 69
7n~ection Screen in High-Permeability Soi1a
(P. U. Ponimatkin, V. B. F4ieyPets;
n~rn~cErzc~sxo~ s~xorrr~~ s~rvo, Apr 79) . 73
Zaporozhskaya GRES Construction Described -
(A. G. Golotsvan, et al; ENF~tGETICE~SKOYE
?7111~~~S1Y~~ A~ I~/ �~~~~~~~~~��~~~~~~~~~~r~~~� O~
Ekibastuz GRES-1 Described
(A. A. Zlotin; E1~GETICSESKOYE S~tOI'rEL' STVO,
- A~' 79) 88
.
.
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a
~
ELECTRIC POIJ~R AND POWER EQUIPMENT
UDC fi21.311.21.002.1 .
BOGUCHANSKAYA HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION DESCRIBED
Moecow GIDROTEKHNICHESKOYE STROITEL'STVO in Rusai~n No 11, Nov 78 pp 1-5
[ArCicle by engineers Ye. A. Bi;~nd and D. A. Ragozin] ~ _
[Text] The Boguchanskaya Hydroelectric Power Station is the sixth and nexC
ta the last sCep of the Angara GES Cascade. IC will be located within the
limiCS of Boguchanskiy Rayon, Rrasnoyarakiy Kray, 375 km below the Ust'-
Ilimskaya GES. �
Its installed capacity will be four mill'ion kW and its long-Cerm average out- _
put of electric energy will be 17.8 billion kWh.
The electric power of Boguchanakaya GES will be tranamitted chiefly to the
Krasnoyarsk and, parCially, Co the Irkutsk energy systems which are within
the energy asaociation of Siberia (OES [Integrated Pawer System] of Siberia).
Boguchanskaya GES, which is situated in the area of rich depoaits of useful
minerals and unique timber resourcea of the middle Ang~ra area, wi].1 make it
possible to create the Boguchanskiy TerriCorial Power Industry Complex (TEPK)
in accordance with the plan for further integrated development of the pto-
ductive forces nf Krasnoyarskiy Kray. .
Boguchanskaya GES will serve an area of 148,000 lan2 with a population of about
46,000 people. At the present time, it is a sparsely populated Eaiga-~o~vered
area w~ith a relatively low level of the develo~ment of productive forces
and populated cenCers of the rural type.
The climate in the area of the construction site is sharply continental
with a long severe winter and a short hot summer. The annual average temper-
ature of the air is -3.2 degrees C, the absolute minimum is -57 degrees C,
and the absolute maximum is +38 degrees C. The average duration of the
frostless period is 112 days, and the total precipitation ie 356 mm/year.
The long-range average water flow rate in the span af rhe hydraulic unit is
3410 m3/sec. The maximum (summer-autumn) water flow rsates under present con-
ditions are: probable excesses of 0.019e ~with a guaranteed correction)
- 1ti,700 m3/sec, 0.1% 15,190 m3/sec, and 1% 14,380 m3/sec. The
1
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hydrologicul regime of ehe Angara R~.ver is chnracCerized by a aCable low-
, warer level in wineer ~nd two flood perioda in the apring and aummer-autiumn.
Ice-jnmming phenomena occur in the apring and auCumn.
The water flow raGe and levela in ehe span of the Boguch~nskaya GES are de-
Cermined, chiefly, by rhe op~eraCion mode of the GES aituated upatream, be-
- cause the lateral affluence in the section of the river between Che Use'-Ili-
mskaya GES and Boguchanakaya GES is relatively emall.
, ~ I ~
� I
. I ~
~ 0
~ ' 0
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I ~ ~ li
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i ~ p .
~ ~ \ Q 6 il
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Figure I. Plan of the Boguchanskaya GES _
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In Che ~r~u of ehc Bnguchanskay~ GES gp~n, ehe Anggra River runs in the sub-
latitudinal direction nnd crosses a rocky massif compoaed of� rhe Cambrian
and Ordovici~n sedimenCary rock (limesCone, sandsCone, aleuroliGe, grgillite)
broken el~rough ge gpoCs by the intruaion of igneoue rock (dolertee) whose
physic~l nnd Cechnicul propertiee are close to Che diabus~ of ehe bedding nf -
the pressure atrucrures of the ~rarskaya and Ust'-Ilimakaya GES.
The intrusive rock cro~PS Che river bed at an acuCe angle and deCermines the
narrowing of Che vAlley in this section Co 2-3 km, the average river be~
width being 1.9 km. In this section, low Cerraces pass in a narrow strip
only along the lefC bank, The undermined right bank and the right�bank part
of the river bed are composed of sedimenCary rock. The higher left bank and
ehe lefC-bank part of the river bed are composed of igneous rock. The atratum
of ehe sedimentary complex is nonuniform with respect to the rock composition
and the degree of weaChering and fracturing. Near the right bank, the rocky
mass is broken by a number of tectonic cracks. The entire zone ad~acent to
the right bank is sub~ected Co some degree to Che shore gravitational processes
which show themselves in Che form of cracks, settlemenC diCches, and landslide -
_ cirques.
During the first stage of the planning and surveying work, two possible loca-
tions were examined for Che hydroengineering complex: Murskiy and Kod~inskiy
rayons. As a result of integrated evaluation of all factors affecting the
conditions of the consCruction and development of the Boguchanskiy TEPK, it
was decided to build Boguchanskaya GES in the Kodino section.
During the development of the general plan, the main structiires of the hydro-
engineering complex were places in the Nizhne-Kodinskiy area, where the en- -
_ gineering, geological, and topographic conditions were found to be mc,at favor-
able for construction.
The structure o� the general plan of the construction site includes four first-
priority objects for industrial and civil purposes: hydroengineering complex,
construction base, city of the builders of the hydroengineei~in~ complex, and
_ industrial area on the right bank.
The arrangement of the structural units of the general plan is coordinaCed
- wiCh the location of the main structures, external transportation routes,
electric power transmiscion lines, relief of the terrain, and considerations
of the ecological plan. -
It is planned to build a modern city in the vicinity of the hydroengineering
complex for the builders and the operating personnel of the GES, as well ae
for the workers engaged in the construction and operation of objects of the
Bog~ichanskiy TEPK.
The first-priority left-bank part of the city with a population of 32,000
people is inCended~for the builders of the complex with their families, the
operating staff of the GES, and the population c~oved from the zone of the
water reservoir of the rayon center of Rezhma. This part of the city will
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[~.i`irt ~ c~ j.
L..~_ ,
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;,0 .9.!~ 6,0
~r;,y , _r~~. r.
~1~ v2na
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c2~ ~zod - .
Hny
s PD Q00 6 00 9~80
(3 ) y�e~ _ ' .
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_ Figure 2. Cross Section of the Main Structures of Boguchanskaya CES
Key: 1. FPU [expansion unknown] 4. Cushien
2. NPU [normal affluPnt levels]5. Suspended ceiling
3. PU [affluent level] 6. Crane G.P 2 x 40 t.s
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be 1ocaCed Co ehe ~outh oF Che line of tihe hydroongineering complex on the
banks of the piceuresque coves of rhe waCer reservoir. The city will h~ve
mulCisCory residential butldings. It is planned to provide the residents
wiCli all rypes ot- cultura;l f~ciliCies and ameniCies, including Celevision.
Clectric power of 110 and 10 kv is supplied Co the construction site of the
Boguch~nskaya GCS from the municipal step-down substation of 220/110/10 kv.
During Che consCruction period, the subsration will be fed via rwo overhe~d
- lines of 220 kv from Che switching station of the Bratsk Ust'-Ilimsk elec-
rric power transmission line3 in ehe area of Che town of Sednnovo. The resi-
_ dential buildings, cultural facilities, and amenities of Che city, the con- _
struction base, and other objecCs will be heaCed from electri.c boiler rooma. _
In the plans for Che Boguchanskaya GES, i.C was proven on the basis of.detailed
technical and economic computations and analysis of two variants of heaC sup-
ply (boiler rooms using solid fuel and electric boiler rooms) Chat the var-
iant with electric boiler rooms produces greaCer economic effect for, remote
areas which have no railroads.
The main structures of the Boguchanskiy hydroengineering complex are: a con-
creCe dam 756 m long, an earthen dam 1,833 m long, hydroelectric power sta-
tion building of the Cype located beyond the dam, administrarion and produc-
tion building (APK), outdoor distribution system8(ORU) of 220 and 500 kv wiCh
technological maintenance building (STK), structures for delivering power -
from the GES to the ORU, temporary lock (for the passage of lumber in rafts
and vessels during the construction of the hydroengineering complex) and a
permanent structure for Che passage of lumber rafts and vessels. The total
length of the structures of the affluence front is 2,589 m.
A concrete gravity dam with a maximum height of 87 m is being built in the
left-bank part of the valley partly on the flood terrace and partly in the
channel of the Angara River. Strong igneous rock, dolerite, serves as its
foundation. Functionally, the dam is divided into a station part, a spill-
way part, and a blind part. The blind part and the station part are located `
on the left-bank flood land. The spillway part of the dam with openings for
passing waCer used for construction and with a temporary lock is located in
the left-bank part of the river bed. This arrangement of the parts of the
dam makes it possible to minimize Che volume of construcCion cofferdams and
to construct all concrete structures in one trench without organizing a sec-
ond trench, as well as to reduce the volume of concrete to be placed prior to
~ the spanning of the Angara River bed, reducing the work to the construction
_ of the "comb" of spillway openings and adjoining structures. The spillway
part of the dam will have five bottom openings with spans of 14 m for the
passage of water used for construction before the beginning of the filling _
of the water reservoir. During the period of the reservoir filling, the
Angara waCer is passed through openings situated above the bottom openings.
The same openings are used for the passage of flood water during regular oper-
ation of the hydroengineering complex.
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The sCarion part of ehe dam includes Che waCer inCttlce ~aciliCies o� the G~5
building from which water is fed Co the hydraulic turbines through reinforced
concrete-steel pipelines builr inCo the dam~
~
Accordi.ng Co the pl~n, rhe hydroelectric power sCation will have 12 R075-VM-
750-Cype rudial-axial Curbines (rotor diameter 7.5 m) with VGS 1560/240-66- _
Cype hydrogenerarors wiCh a capacity of 333 MW. The power of the hydroelec-
Cric power sta~ion will be supplied to rhe power syatem at 500 kV and to -
local consumers nC 220 kV.
The mc~in electrical connec~ion dia~ram provides for conn~cting Chree unified
~ blocks each consisting of Chree individual generator-transformer blocks to
e`he 500 kV buses. The transformers are three-phase transformera wirh a ca-
_ pacity of 400 Mva each. Three individual generator-transformer blocks are
connected to the 220 kV buses. These are also three-phase transformexs of -
400 riva each.
The 500 and 220 kva ORU are located at high elevations of the left bank.
The 500 and 220 kva ORU are: coupled by two autotransformer graups of 3 x 167
Mva. The ORU site has a t~chnologi.cal maintenance building.
In order to select an optimal layout design for the main structures ~f the _
~ hydroengineering complex, a number of layout variants were developed.
One of the main considerations in developing the layout varianrs was to mini-
mize the cost of the main structures, to reduce the metal and labor input,
and to reduce the amount of imported materials.
The last two facCors are particularly important for the construction of Bogu-
chanskaya GES due to the facC that the construction area is very sparsely -
populated and is very Ear from maCerial and technical supply bases and con-
- struction industry. -
Moreover, the layout and design of the main structures of Boguchanskaya GES
must conform as much as possible to the severe conditions of the construc-
tion region, to the,peculiarities of the hydrological and ice conditions of
_ the Angara River, to the engineering and geological conditions of the Nizhne-
- Kodinskiy area, and to the availability of local building materials.
- The layout plans developed on the basis of the above prerequisites can be
divided into two groups:
a layout with a dam of ground materials along the entire head �ront;
a mixed layout in which a part of the head front is covered by concrete struc-
tures, and the rest (a greater part) by a dam of ground materials.
After the analysis of all technical and economic data, including those on
work procedures and organization of constructionJ the mixed layout with the
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CCS building next Co rhe dam was accepCed in the plan, In solving Ct~is pro-
blem, the experi.ence accumulated during Che construction of BraCakaya GES and
UsC'-~limskaya GES was ttlso Caken into consideraCion.
In Chis layout, the head rront is created by a concreCe dam anrl a dam of
ground maCerials ~panning a large part of the river bed (aboiir 7U% of the
head front).
- In Chis connection, special attention w.3s given in Che plan to the selectton
o~ rhe structure oi the dam of ground materials. A total of eight variants
were developed and thorotighly s~udied. As a result of studies on the aggre-
gare of. constructional, Cechnical and economic indexes, Cwo dam designs were
found competitive: a homogeneous hydraulic fill dam of fine-grain sand and
a rock-filled dam with a central core of nonground maCerials (asphalt con-
crete and metal) which were studied in the pro~ect with the necessary com-
pleteness and the same degree of Choroughness.
The conjugation of the concrete dam of ground materials is achieved by a con-
crete cut-off wall.
- A comp?.ex of special landslide-prevention measures was developed for reliable
adherence of the dam of ground maCerials to the right bank and for ensuring
a sCable shore slope both during Che construction period and during operaCion.
A temporary lock is bui1C into one of the sections of the concrete dam in the
form of a bottom opening of a greater height. The chamber of the temporary
lock along part of the length is formed by the semipiers of the bottom open-
ing, and beyond the dam section by a reinforced-concrete structure of the
dock type.
A permanent structure for the passage of timber rafts and vessels is located
_ on the right bank and is designed in the form of a timber-car.rying road along
which moves a self--propelled latticed flat car, obstacles for the maintenance
of the head and tail water areas, breakwater dams, and a lower level approach
channel.
The volume of construction jobs for the main structures of the hydroengineer-
ing camplex will be:
Excavat~on of soft soil, million m3 3.9
Excava:.ion of rocky ground, million m3 6.8
High quality filling, million m3 17.1
_ Sand aggradation, million m3 35.9
_ Concrete and reinforced concrete, million m3 2.5
Reinforced steel, Chousand tons 50.0 `
- Drilling afholes, thousand m 129.9
- Assembled steel sections, thousand tons 17.3
Metal facing, thousand tons 10.8
Mechanical equipment, thousand tons 13.6
Hydraulic power equipment, thousand tons 37.5 _
Electrotechnical equipmeiit, thousand tons 6.7
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The following ~obs have to be done Co prepare Che water reaervoir:
Co develop-foresC occupied land in an area of 31,000 hecrares, i.e., in =
a volume equivalent Co the area of agricultural lands flooded by the water _
reservoir ttnd used for the construction needs; _
to remove 31 populated cente:.s with a popularion of a';~out 12,200 people
- from the zone of rhe water reservoir;
~o build aerial nnd cable lines for external telephone and telegraph com- _
munications;
to provide for electric power supply to newly creaCed settiements, sovkhozes,
and lumber indusCry farms by consCrucCing 35-110 kv overhead lines;
- remove 10.7 million m3 of timber and clear an area of 18,200 hectares (it
is planned ro create seven logging enCerprises for performing this volume ~f
work) ;
Co develop fisheries in the water r.eaervuir; _
to carry out work on developing CransporCation facilities for rhe waCer
reservcir;
to implement the necessary saniCary measure,s;
to perform archeological excavations and sCudies; _
~
to remove four rural populated centers from the lower water area of =
Boguchanskaya GES in connection with the changes in the sCream-flow regime
of the Angara River.
- The construction base of the hydroengineering complex is locat~d on the left -
bank 1-2 km below the lacation of the main structures on a terrace above tt-~e
flood land which widens from 200 m t,~ 3 km. The topogr~phy and the engineer-
. ing and geological conditions are favorable for placing the facilities of the
construction base Chere. Since the construction base which is created for
the Boguchanskaya GES will be used in the fuCure as a base of the construc-
~tion industry of the Boguchanskiy TEPK, it is designed with factory-made
fundamental structures. -
The production and auxiliary shops of the main bases of the construction,
installation, and specialized organization are grouped in four buildings.
Gravel-sorting and concrete-mixing plants are also combined into one complex.
The auxiliary enterprises of the construct~.on base will perform the entire
complex of jobs for the construct~on of Che hydroengineering complex with an
annual volume of the construction and installation jobs of about 125 million
rubles. _
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't'hc pla?~ prnv[.dr_~ fnr tht dEVelt~pment of the depo~itg of
non-meenllic m.Kt~r-
(;il.s wl~ich nre pregent in Ch~ con~tructinn aren nn Uath tnnkg and will tully
s.ytigfy ehe cunseructton needg.
'Ch~ tne~l cnnstrurtion p~ridd c~� g~guc~~anah~ya G~5 ig ~dtimat~d in Che plnn
tn b~ ~0 y~~rs (nnt edunting thh eime neeeae~ry for thp conerruction of ~
highway and ~ 220 kV ov~rhend power line~ betw~ec~ S~d~novo ~ad Bo~uch~n~lc~y~
r,~5) whicl~ includ~s ~ prep~ratnry period (befare th~ beginning of tihc ~grth ~
- and rork exe~v~tiun for th~ m~in sCrucCur~~) df 2-2.5 y~~ra~ ~nd ehe 1~ngth
~ of th~ construcCinn of th~ main sCrucCur~g Co thp ~tare-up di the fir~t uniC
f~ nix yenrs.
-_~~'-n,~r�~ ~.,i,~,.~.~~~~� . -
~ _ ~3)-. ~6) ( -
iLw,~.~ie~+a � ~
~1~ ~.R ''s ~ k~
8. a^
W V ~+r {ti ~ y V
3~ciris,n~Ciu ~ M~~~y1M.Kib. 1!100 1~20 1~l1Q (IQQO f~1~)
~}+~11/c. ~erY, r ,
~>'1~~1uea~I~:n.+eu~Nf1 RU(+1� 1~~0 71~~ :MI.~ `10~0
irT. MJIy.1. Re~n~�
~1Q~,~,~ Ir..,~~ 1 R,,m, M~ r~r..3 0,'M ~,Iv 1,0/ ~.~~1
f~a~�r:.t Gi~~n9 ru C11, 0,11 0,?9 0,41 ~~,11 ~~,Il -
lil~'+ ~,,rn~-�,(A~
r�tn1~.iL~ry{~u ~w 1 ~am. I?,S 1.'~,0 14,~~ 11.L 21,~
r.~ u,~,r~, ~g ~ a.~ a.e a,o s,z
~i/~l Irr~ry~~~
p~e,.,1ryt3:~~~ w I ~an. ll,fi 1/,9 9~/ 15~4 ~~~9 _
~14
T'.~ x~,A ~ntanna n~ ~is~ ?~6 1.e 1,7 4~R I,i
~'m r.,n re
di~cv ~~~~~+~~tn~r~aneut 1,,1 4~// ~.fi~ J,7! I,A)
~'T 141 ~ ~4~n, MI 1
~ISCM 1~M1'11~A1~?A~~I~N~ 3.~ Q~~ ~~S
~.~/Jt IM 1040 w~rn~r; M~
~~7~
Key: 1. Indexes 12. Reinforcement caetal coneumption
2. Hydroelectric power station per 1 kW, kg
3. Boguchanskaya 13. Reinforcement metal consumption
4. Ust'-Ilimskaya per 1000 kWh, kg
5. Bratskaya 14. Consumption of inetal per 1 kW~
6. Krasnoyarskaya kg
7. 5~yano-5hushenskaya 15. Metal consumptfon per 1000 kWh,
8. Installed capacfty, kg
thousand kW 16. Earth and rock excavation volume
9. Long-term average output, per 1 kW, m3
billion kWh 17. Earth and rock excavation volume
10. Concrete consumption per one per 1000 kWh, m3
kW, m3
11. Concrete consumption per
1000 kWh, m3
The construction work has already been atartea on a 220 kV overhead power
line betWeen Sedanovo and Boguchanskaya GES, a settlement for the builders
of the hydroengineering coarplex, a special base for the construction of re- '
sidential facilities and buildings ofthe construction base.
9
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M.~jdr jnbs nn tl~p hydrdengineering Cnmplex will eCnrt efCer Che opening nf
the uppronch r~ad to ehrough Craffic.
~
The t~chntegl ~nd ~cunomic index~s of ~oguchanekgya GES (piann~d) Are:
inatalled capacity~ thouaand kW 4000
elecr.ric power nutpur, billion kWh: -
tn~ximum (for a wet year) 24.3
long-Cerm average 17.8
mintmum (fnr a dry year) 16.6
consumption time of instelled c~pacity, hours 4450 _
prnpurtionat~ capitgl investmenes:
per 1 kW of ingtaiied capaciCy, rubles 253
per 1 kWh of long-range avergge enetigy
produrtion, kopecks 5.7
coat of 1 kWh of elecCric energy, kopeck 0.09
period of investment recovery, years 7.7
- profitability 0.124
With respecr to its technical, economic, and energy indexes, Boguchansknya
GES ranks With the largeat liydroelectric power etatione of the Angara-Yenisey
Cascade which have been completed and are under consCruction: Bratskaya,
Krasnoyarskaya, Ust'-Ilimakaya, and Sayano-Shuahenskaya GES.
Comparable data for these hydroelectric pa+er staCione are given in the table.
The construction of the Irkutskaya, Kraenoyarskaya~ and, particularly, Brat-
skaya and Ust'-Ilimskaya GES played an exceptional role in the development
' of the country's largest power industry camplexea using the unique natural
resources of the Angara River region.
The construction base and the builders of Boguchanskaya GES will become a
basis for the creation of industrial centers of the Boguchanskfy Territorial
Power Industry Cowplex in the recaote taiga region.
The engineering problems to be solved at the consCruc:ion site of Boguchan-
skaya CES are dffficult and importanC, vhich is chiefly connected With the
ccm~plex natural and industrial conditions of the region.
Utilization of the extensive and valuable experience in the construction of
hydroengineering structurea on the Angara and Yeniaey rivers aill contribute
to succeasful solution of theae problems.
COI'YRIG1~: Izdatel'stvo "Energfya", "Gidrotekhnicheakoye stroitel'stvo", 1978
10,233
CSO: 1822
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ELECTRIC POW~R ANb POW~R ~QUL~NT
~
M~E1'IN(} AT CON9TRUCTION SITE OF S~!YAN('~SHUS~iSKAYA GES~ `
Mogcow GiDEtOTEK~IICHESKOYE STROITEL'STVO in ~tuseian No 12, Dec 78 pp 3-7
[Article by M. F. Skladnev, member of the Presidium of Che NTOEiEP Central
Administration, and 0. D. Kudryavtaeva, Scientific Secretary of Che NTOEiEP
Central Adminiatration]
[Text] On the initiative of the Krasnoyarskiy Kray CPSU Coaanitree, Central
A.dminiatration and Krasnoyarskiy Kray Administration of the NTOEiEP [Scien-
tific and Technical Socfety of the Power and Electrification Industry],
Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Pawer Engineering of the
USSR Academy of Sciences, a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Adminie-
tration of NfOEiEP was held in the city of Sayanogorak at the conetruction
site of the Sayano�Shushenskaya G~S. -
The tasks of the scientific and technical community in connection s~ith put-
ting into operation the f~.rst unit of the Sayano-Shuahenskaya GES and the
development of pawer engineering in Eastern Sib~ria and the Far East were
_ discueaed at the meeting jointly with the builders of the hydroengineering
facilities. The work experience of the Leningrad and Krasnoyarak coordina-
tion councils of the creative acientific and technical alliance for th~ cre-
ation of the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES was also diecusaed.
About 200 peraons participated in the meeting: sc;entists, designers, buildera,
and operating personnel of clectric power stations, representativea of the
USSR Ministry of Power and Electrificatfon, USSR Gosplan, USSR Academy of
Sciencea, Krasnoyarskiy Itray Commixtee of Trade tfiion of Workera of Electric
Pa+er Stations and Electrical Engineering Indvstry. _
Upening the meeting, N. N. Kavalev, Chairman of the Presidium of the NrOEiEP
Centtal AdminisCraCion and Corresponding Member of Che USSR Academy of Sciences,
On the meeting of the Board of the USSR Ministry of Pa+er and Electrifica-
tfon at Sayano-Shushenskaya GES, see GIDROTEIQ~II~tICt~SKOYE STROITEL'STVO, 1978,
No9, p43.
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grrc:gged ehe impdrr.unce ot the pra~l~m~ on the ag~nd~ ~nd pnLnted nut Che
imporrnnt rol~ n� th~ sctentific and technical commi~niey in th~Lr goluCLon.
5nynno-Shu~hen~kaya CES i~ another pegrl of Che power engin~ering of ~nstern
Sib~rit?. It is b~ing builr by Ch~ ~ntir~ country, and i~ will play an impor-
tunC rolc Ln gupplytng power to the territort~l induatrinl complex which is
betn~; rr.eated in tl~is region. M~ny ecientific and technic~l problems hav~
' b~~n snlv~d in the proc~g~ of the constructton of Sayano-Shushenskay~ GES. -
i~ow~ver, much is tn be donc+ during the remaining time until the aeart-up of
the GES unit in 1978 ~nd until the atart-up of the entire station in the be-
_ ginning of ehe etghties. The scientific gnd technical power engin~ering cnm-
munfty mugt be the leadera in solving the moat important problema in the ful-
fillmenr of conatruction ~oba, inatallaCion of hydraulic and electrical equip-
ment, nnd preparatinn of the station �or operation. ~
Here, everyrhfng ia unusual: the dimenaiona of the gtructuree, the power of
the station, the work volumes, and the unique equipment. IC is here that a -
new form of socialist competition was born: creative acientific and tectmi-
cal cooperation of the plann~ng, scientific research, construction, and pro-
duction organizations of the counCry. This made iC poasible to solve many
technical and organixaCionRl problems in ahort periods of time and ~t a high
level. The creation of the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES is the next stage in the
development of the poWer industry of the country and in th~ development of
rich hydraulic power resources of Siberia and the Far East.
During his tour of Siberia and the Far East, Comrade L. I. Brezhnev, Secre-
tary General of Che CPSU CentXal CommiCtee and Chairman of the Presidium of
the US5R Supreme Soviet, gave important instructions regarding speedy develop-
ment of the energy resources of Siberia, the development of hydropower engi-
neering, and speedy creation of the Sayanskiy territorial induatrial complex
with the use of the inexpensive energy of the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES. He
appr~ised highly the creative cooperation directed toward early introduction
of this extremely necessary power facility.
The scfenCific and technical community of powcr engineers views its active
particfpation in the creation of Sayano-Shushenskaya GES and other power
facilities of Siberia as one of the most important first priority tasks.
Yu. Ya. Makarov, head of the industrial department of the Krasnoyarakiy Kray
Carmnittee of the CPSU addreased the participants of the meeting on behalf of
the co~aittee. He stressed the importance of the implemented measure for
further concentration of the attention of the scientific and technical com-
munity on the solution of the problems of the development of the power fn-
dustry in Siberia, including Krasnoyarskiy Kray, and as one of the important
...problems, of enauring th~ start-up of the first unit of Sayano-Shushenskaya
GES in 1978.
N. M. Ivar.tsov, Deputy Minister of Power and Electrification of the USSR,
reported "On the Development of the Power Industrq of Eastern Siberia and
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ehe ~~r ~asC nnd on the tn~ks nf the scientific and t~chnical community in
ronnc~tion with this~"
He poinC~d oue in hig report eh~t, among n large group of problems, recommen-
daeions, ~nd inserucCions given by the leadera of the Communiat P~rey of Che
Sovi~C Union and SovieC GovernmenC, Comrades L. I. Brezhnev and A. N. Kosygin,
during their viait to Siberia nnd the ~ar EasC, .apecigl aCtenCion was given
to Che problems of the developmenC of the power induaCry as a basis for the
crention nf l~rge indusCrial complexes, developmene of citieg of Siberia,
sntisfying ehe domestic needa of the population, and development of agricul-
t~re and rransportation. In Che near future, it is planned to increuae con-
siderably tl~e energy consumprion and, accordingly, Co accelerate the develop-
ment of the power induaery in this region.
In this connecCion, the prepnration of an opCimnl fuel and energy balance _
with the use of ehe rich natural reserves of gas, oil, coal, and hydropower -
resources of Siberia is a very complex scientific, technical and economic
problem. There are many varioua opinions and proposals in connecCion with
this problem, however, the role of the hydraulic p~wer resourcea in thE fuel _
and energy balance of Siberia and Che entire country as a whole has been undPr-
esCimated in the course of many years. At the preaent time, it is f~und necea- -
sary to use Che rich hydropower resources of Siberia to the maximum in the
shortest possible Cime. Thus, the hydropower engfneers of the counCry are
faced with a very important and responsible Cask of active narticipaCion in
Che creation of a complex energy base fn a huge region of our country. This
prnblem can be solved only on a new scientific and technical basis with the
use of all latest achievements in the construction indusCry and a highly ef-
fecCive use of capital investmenrs.
Then the speaker dwelled on a number of concrete problems connected with the
development of hydraulic power engineering in Siberia. The first-priority
problem for Eastern Siberia is the utilization of the hydraulic power resources
of the Angara-Yenisey basin whose solution, in combination with the construc-
tion of GRES at the Kansk-Achinsk coal fields, will make it possible to pro-
vide electric energy for the developing industrial apd agricultural complexes
in the southern parC of Krasnoyarskiy Kray.
The development of the hydraulic energy resources of the Angara-Yenisey Cas-
cade can be divided into several stages.
During the first stage af development, which ends during the current five-
year plan, five hydroelectric power stations will be operating: Irkutskaya,
BraCskaya, Krasnoyarskaya, Ust'-Ilimskaya, and Ust'-Khantayskaya GES.
During the second stage, the following hydroelectric power stations which are
under construction now will s,:art operating: Sayano-Shushenskaya, Boguchan-
skaya, Maynskaya, and Kureyskaya GES.
During the third stage, it will be expedient to build the following six hydro-
elecCric power sCations: Sredne-Yeniseyskaya, Nizhne-Angarskaya, Osinovskaya,
Podkamenno-Tungusskaya, Nfzhne-Tungusskaya (Turukhanakaya), and Tuvinskaya.
_ 13 -
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Maximal utilizaCion of Che waCer resources of the Angara-Yenisey basin in th~
ghorCesC posgible Cim~ muae progress in Cwo directions, namely: accelerated
completion of Saynno-Sliusl~enskr~ya and Maynskaya G~S, ns well as Boguchanakaya
G~S, nnd nccelerntad consCructi~n of new higi~ly effective }iydroelecCric power
gCnCinna of tt~e Angarn-Yer~isey baein~ Such hydroelectric power ata~iona could
be Sredne-Yeniseyakaya GES in combination with An~garekay~, OainovskAya, and
Nizhne-Tungusakaya.
In order to accomplish Chis consCruction program, it is planned to implement
a number of organizaeional and technical measures, auch as organizaCion of
flow line construcCion, wide introduction of apeci~lizaCion, and acceleration
of surveying, planning, and scientific research w.,rk. Due to the fact thaC
the hydroeleceric power stations planned for conatruction will be located in
regions with a severe climaCe attd thar waCer tranaporCation will be uaed
chiefly during their consCruction, provisiona should be made for such deaigns
o� the main structures of hydroengineering complexes which would require a
minimum amounC of imported materials, which would require Che least amount
of labor input, and which would ensure Che possibiliCy of conducting conatruc-
tion work under the conditions of low temperaCurea all year round. It should
be kepC in mind, thaC the volume of the main jobs for each of the above-men-
tioned hydroengineerfng complexes is, basically, close to ChgC performed in
the construction of the main structures of the Bratak hydroengineering com-
plex in 8-9 years.
The proposed program for the development of the hydraulic power resources of
Che Angara-Yenisey basin in the shortest possible Cime will make it poasible
to utilize 80-85% of them.
The problems connected with the development of power engineering in the Trans- -
Baikal area and the Far East are no less important and complicated. The con-
struction of the Baikal-Amur railroad line opens up considerable possibilities '
for the development of the productive force~ in these regions. Hydropower
engineering also plays an important role in this re~ton. The large pioneer -
stations here are Zeyskaya GES, Bureyskaya GES which is under consCruction,
and a number of other hydroelectric gower stations planned for construction.
At the present time, it is impossible Co enumerate organis~tional and techni-
cal problems which will have Co be solved during the inplementation of the -
program for the development of hydropower engineering of Siberia and the Far
East. Hawever, it is clear Chat the present level of hydropower construction
work is unsatisfacCory. It is necessary to search for new ways of improving
it, primarily, by accelerating and increasing sharply its economic effective-
ness, and by lowering the material and labor input. The scientific and tech-
nical community must play an important role in this respect. They must par-
ticipate in the discussion of plans and programs for the constructfon of
power facilities, plans for large hydroelectric power stations and equipment
for them, to introduce new technical solutions and new equipment in the plans
and construction of concrete objects, to spread widely the initiative of
Leningrad workers in the organization of creative cooperation for the con-
struction of the Angara-Yenisey hydroelectric power stations with the use
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of ehe ~v~il~ble experience in cre~rive cooperaCion in conatru~Cion df Che
Say~no-Shush~nsk~y~ GES. It is necegs.~ry to develop cregtive conCUCCg wieh
the Siberign brnnch of ehe U5SR Ac~demy of Science~, which, evidently, should
supervise hydropower con~Cruction woric in 5iberia ~nd Sn Che Far ~asC in all
aepecta oE ehis imporeanC problem.
In conclusion ehe speaker expresaed his hope Chat each specialiat will dis-
pl~y grear paCrioCism in Che implementaCion of the far-reaching plana for the
developmene of Siberia, will conCribure his knowledge an3 experience, nnd will
show his strong will i.n Che creaCion of new hydropower engineering faciliCiea
as iC ia now observed at the construcrion of the Sayano-:'l~ushenakaya GES.
S. I. Sadovskiy, head of the Krasnoyarskaya G~S conatruction projecC, and _
V. I. Bryzgalov, director of the Sayano-Shuahenskaya GES which ie under con-
struction, presented their reports.
S. I. Sadovskiy Cold abouC Che mafn organizarional and Cechnical problems
which had to be and are Co be solved during Che consCruction of Sayano-Shu-
shenskaya G~S. Special atCention was given Co the peculiariCiea of the con-
strucCian technology of the main structures and installation of equipment
for Che GES. He poi.nted out that, although the problem of "big concrete" has
~ been essentially solved and the builders are confident that the firaC unit
will be put into operation in 1978, there still remain many problems connected
with ensuring Che starC-up of the subsequent uniCS, particularly in 1979, due
to the large volume of work and the necessity of ensuring regular deliveries
of equipment, etc. Special problems have to be solved by the builders in con-
' nection with the beginning of the construcCion of the Maynskay GES prepar-
ations for which are already in progress.
V. I. Bryzgalov reported on the problems which operating personnel have to
solve in ccnnecCion with the introduction of new hydraulic and electrical
- equipment. He gave special aCtention to the necessity of having an observa-
tion system for the unique structures and equipment of Sayano-Shushenskaya
GES and creating an automated observation system. He also atressed the neces- _
sity of ensuring high quality construction and installation jobs, particu-
larly now during the insCallation of the generator and electrical equipment.
A number of specialists participated in Che discussion of the reports. M. F.
Skladnev (VNIIG [All-Union ScienCific Research Institute of Hydraslic Engineer-
ing] imeni B. Ye. Vedeneyev) stressed the timeliness of the meeting of the
presidium of the central administration of the NTOEiEP and the importance of
the problems discussed at the meeting which directed the attention of the
scietitific and technical communfty toward solving concrete problems of the
development of the hydropower engineering of Siberia. He emphasized the vali-
dity of the main proposals presented in N. M. Ivantsov's report for the devel-
opment of the hydropower ~ngineering of Siberia and the Far East and, as a
first-priority problem, for the development of the waCe* resources of the
Angara-Yenisey Cascade. These proposals are fn agreement with Comrade L. I.
Brezhnev's instructions and recommendations for further strengthening of the
energy base of the Siberian region. Soviet hydropower engineers have
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guffici~nr experienne in Ch~ aonsCruceion of hydrnpower engineering complexea
in 5iberi~ wtth itg compli.c~Ced naeural and climaCic condteions. The largesC _
projece nf Clie 5oviet hydropnwer engineering of Che Eighrh Five-Ye~r Pl~n w~g
ilr.i~skuyu GCS imeni ~'iftieCh Annivers~ry of the GreaC October R~volution, the
largegr. pro3enC of rhe Ninth Five-Year Plan was Krnanoyarskuy~ GES imeni
~Lfeieth Anniversary of Che USSR, and the l~rgeat pro~ect o� Che TenCh Five-
Year Plnn is Sny~no-Shushen~kaya GES whicli is under construceion.' ~ac:h of
- Che above-mentioned pro~ecta aignified a new sCage in Che acienCific and tech-
nicul pro~ress. Say~no-Shushenskaya GES is being built wiCh the use nf the
larest echievements in the creaCion of designs of main structurea and equip-
ment, rhe hydraulics of atruceures, and Che solu~ion of a number of Cechni-
cal problema.
As is known, the problems of scienCific subaeanCiation of consCrucCion, de-
sign, ~nd cxeaCion of Che unique equipment for Sayano-Shushenskaya GES con-
seitute one of the mose important tasks of the complex program of the Tenth
~'ive-Year Plan in Che area of hydropower engineering. Due to creative coop-
eration, there is every reason to believe that this task will be fulfilled.
However, the year of 1979 and the subsequent years of construcCion will be
extremely sCrenuous considering the proposal to speed up the start-up of all
' units aC Sayano-Shushanskaya GES. The problems of the quality of the construc-
Cion and installation jobs must be in Che cenCer of attenCion of ehe scienti-
fic and techni~al community. -
M. F. Skladnev pointed out the necessiCy of timely preparation und t~a3ning
of operating personnel for the GES with consideration of its temporary and
regular operation. Approving Che program for Che construction of first-
- prioriCy sCrucCures of the Angara-Yenisey complex, he pointed o~iC the neces-
sity of expanding and speeding up the surveying and the research work on these
strucCures and Che necessity of strengthening the East Siberian branch of
GidroproyekC [All-Union Planning, Surveying, and Scientific Research Institute
imeni S. Ya. Zhuk] and the Siberian branch of VNIIG.
N. A. Dodogorskiy (MinisCry of the Electrical Equipment Ii.~fustry) pointed out
the unique nature of Che generators and elecCrical equipment of Sayano-Shushen-
skaya GES and special characterisCics of Cheir installation and operaCion.
He addressed the builders with an urgent request to prepare the area for the ,
installation of Che generaCor as soon as possible. Approv.ing the planned pro-
gram for the development of hydropower engineering of Siberia and the Far East,
he pointed out the necessity of timely presentation of requisitions and speci-
- fications for the development of electrical equipment for the future objects.
He made a special point of speeding up the creation of a production base for
_ manufacturing electrical equfpment for power engineering.
These problems were discussed by V. V. Romanov (LPI [Leningrad Polytechnic
� InstituCe] imeni M. I. Kalinin), V. F. Fedorov (VNIlelekCromash [All-Union _
ScienCific Research Institute of the Technology of Electric Machinery and
Equipment ManufacCure]), and V. M. Kamyshev (Production Associat;.on "Elektro-
sila" [electric power].
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Y
P. I. Kisclev (USSit Goeplanj poinCed out the necessiCy of increasing Che ef-
feckiveness nf Clie use of capiCal investments allocated for the creaCion of
� hydropower facilities, including S~yano-Sh;shensk~ya GES. Speaking aUout ~tie
plannad progrr~m for rhe developmenC of water resour.ces of Siberia nnd the Far
Cnst, he streased the importance of etie problem of correctly determining ehe
size of Che inatalled capncities at Che future objecta wiCh conaideration for
Che ineerests af the energy syate?na and integrated uCilization of waCer reaources.
M. V. Koseenko (corresponding member of Che USSR Academy of Sciences, LPI
imeni P. I. Kaliniu) menCioned the far-reaching nAture of Che planned program
for the developmenC of power engineering in Siberia and pointed out Che neces-
sity of giving much attention Co Che developmenC of a new power technology.
In creaCing large hydropower sysCems in Siberia, including Chose in the Angara-
Yenisey busin, special aCCention must be given ro the problem of the protec-
tion of naeure and timely and raCional utilizaeion of foresL resources which
happened to be in the zone of furure conatruction sites.
N. N. Tikhodeyev (NIIPT [expansion unknown]) noted Che originality of the de~
signs developed for Che RU [expansion unknown] and elec:.rical subsCations of
Sayano-Shushenskaya GES in creative cooperation of designers, researchera,
and producCion organizations of the Ministry of Che Electrical Equipment In-
~ dusCry and proposed to organize help from Che designers and manufacturers of _
this equipment eo Che operating personnel of the new equipment in order to make
it fully operaCi~nal as soon as possible. He poinCed out th~: necessity of or-
ganizing public discussions of projects for large power engineering facilities
on a wide scale in the fuCure.
D. P. Velikanov (correaponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Depart-
ment of Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering) reported that
- at the end of this year the department is planning to examine long-range pro-
blems of the development of power engineering in the USSR and Chat it will be
appropriate to present a report on Che planned developmenC of hydropower en-
gineering of Siberia and the Far Eas~. Then he dwelled on the problems of
providing motor vehicle transportation for the large power systems under con-
struction including by supplying BelAZ vehicles wiCh a carrying capacity of
75 and 120 tons, and later up to 180 tons. Special attention could be given
to the condition of highways and approach roads. Their condition should become
an obstacle for using large-capacity dump trucks and other vehicles.
G. A. Klimenko (Institute of Electrodynamics of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of
Sciences) discussed the planned program for the development of hydropower en-
gineering of Siberia and the Far East. He praposed that NTOEiEP should take
a very active part in the realization of the planned measures and that this
problem should be discussed at the next NTOEiEP Plenum. It is necessary for
the NTOEiEI' organizations to participate more widely in the discussion on the
programs being developed in the area of power engineering and plans for large
power engineering complexes. The leading Nr0 workers are ready to share their
experience and help the workers of the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES in making Che
equipment fully operaCional. He also proposed that Krasnoyarskiy Kray Adminis-
tration of NTOEiEP should help the primary organization of NTOEiEP in their
work at the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES.
17 _
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- '.Ct~e work experi~nce of the coordination councils for the pareicipurion in
creuCive coopernCion for rhe cansrrucCion of Sayano-Shushenskay~ G~S wns dea-
cribed by M, G. Aleksnndrov, secLeCary oF the Leningrad Coordination Council
and by 0. G. Grek, on behalf� of Che Krasnoyarak CoordinaCion Council. They
told al~our the work done by Che coordinaeion councils and gbouC Cl~e practical
resulrs nf this work, Among oeher ehings,rhi~ form of socialist competitions
Among planning,research, consCrucCion, insCallaCion, and producCion ~r.~anizx-
tions made tr possible tio ensure effective coordinaCion of work on the cre-
atiott of Sayano-Shushenskaya GES, to achieve early fulfillmenr of a number
oF studies, designs, and deliveries of hydraulic and technol.ogical eq~xipment,
= to ensure savings in materials and creation of more rational deaigna af struc-
rures and equipment, Chus ensuring the solution of one of the main problcros:
rhe sCarC-up of Che firsC unit aC Sayano-Shuahenskaya G~;S in 1978.
The high appraisal of this creative cooperation given by Comrade L. I. Brezhnev
in his speech during his stay in Che ciCy of Krasnoyark inspires Che parCici-
_ pants of socialisC competitions in their activities and obligates them Co com-
p1eCe the consCrucCion of this unique hydroelecCric power sCation ahead of
schedule and obligaCes Che scientific and technical community Co utilize the
experience of the Leningrad and Krasnoyarak organizations in creative cooper- _
ation in the construction of power engineering ob~ecCs in their work*.
This problem was discussed by N. N. Kovalev (CenCral AdminiaCration of NTOEiEP),
N. N. Tikhodeyev (NIIPT), V. P. Chubar' (Krasnoyarskiy Kray CommiCtee of the
- Trade Union of Workers of Electric Power Stations and Electrical Equipment
Industry), and M. F. Skladnev (VNIIG imeni B. Ye. Vedeneyev). They noted the
excepti~~al effectiveness of this Cype of socialist competition and made eome
suggestions anci remarks about the work on creative cooperation and iCa further
development.
In connaction with the problems discussed at the meeting of the Presidium of
the Central Administration of NrOEiEP, it was resolved to obligate the acien-
tific and technical community of power engineers to activate their work in
the creation of new power engineering facilitiea in Siberia and in the Far
EasC, in Che realization of the plans of power engineering construction and
plans for the creation and introduction of new technology, in Che fulfillment
of the tasks of the complex program of the Tenth Five-Year Plan in connection
~with Che most important problems in the area of hydropower engineering, and
in further development of socialist competitions in creaCive cooperation.
The participants of the meeting familiarized themselves with the progress of '
construction at the Sayano-Shushenskaya GES and with the implementa[ion of
measures for ensuring the sCart-up of the first unit of Chis GES in 1978.
*Work experience of the Leningrad Coordination Council is described in the
book "Leningrad. AgreemenC 28. Sayano-Shushenskaya GES", Leninizdat, Lenin-
, grad, 1978. Also see GIDROTEKHNICHESKOYE STROITEL"STVO 1975, No 11; 1977,
No 11, and in the section "Socialist Competition in Action" in each issue in
recent years.
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~
FOR O~FICIAL US~ UNLY
They also visiCed Krasnoyarskaya CES, exemined Che struceures of the hydro-
- engineering complex, nnd Calked wiCh the operating peraonnel.
COPYRIGH~: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya", "Gidxotekhnicheakoye atroitel'atvo", 1978
10,233
CSO; 1822
~
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rox o~~~cr~. us~ nrrLY
ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER EQUIPMENT
- ~ ~
~ UDC: 621.311.4.001.2:621.311.4.002.2
� ~MPROVING DESIGN OF 110 kV SUBSTATIONS
Moscow ENERG}:TICHESKOYE STROITEL'STVO in Russian No 4, Apr 79 pp 2-4
~[Article by Engineers L. L. Peterson, A. S. Zelichenk~, V. V. Karpov, and
N. V. Murashko: "Principal Trends in Improving Design Solutions for 5ub-
stations of 110 kV and Higher"*] , -
[Text] Increase in the production and consumption of electric power re-
quires further development of high and exCremely high voltage power Cransmis-
sion networks, and in particular constructien of substations handling voltages
of 110 kV and higher.
The following figures indicate the number of substations of various voltages
put into operaCion in the Ninth (numerator) and under construcCion in the
Tenth (denominator) Five-Year Plan.
Voltage, kV ~so soo a~o ~o uo-i~o
_ I //1 I 7!/30 I 38/45 1 131/180I 1130/1150 �
Number of subsCations ,
Substations of 110 and 220 kV comprise 95~ of the Cotal number of substationa
of 110 kV and higher under construction. Volume of construction work on sub-
stations of these voltages also comprises a considerable share of the total
volume. In connection with Chis, principal attention should be focused on
improving design and construction of the most mass-construction substationa
of 110 and 220 kV, particularly since in the future the number of 110 kV
substations to be built will increase by 50 Co 100�6 (the number of 220 kV
substations will remain at approximately the same level).
We should particularly note problems of design and construction of 500 and
750 kV substations. In the future their percentage share in this country's
power systems will increase, and the first 1150 kV substaCions will appear.
~
- * Continuation of,publication of a selected series of articles (for earlier _
- articles see No 2, 3, 1979) -
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Construction of Chese sube~ations demands alloca~ion of cons~.derab le lgnd,
since equipmenr size and isolation disCances are increasing. In deaign-
ing 500-1150 kV eubstations it ia essent3al to provide biological prot~c-
Cion for operating personnel from electrical field effects. CfficienG
resolution of the aggregaCe of theae problems will make it pos~ib le sub-
sCantially Co reduce labor and maCerial expenditures and thus to reduce
the presently high cost of cansCructiion. -
besigning of substations of 110 kV and higher is a combined pro~ect, since _
the most diversified structures are involved:
outdoor disCribution sysCems (ORU) wiCh portals for leads, supports
for equipment, transformer foundations and approaches, cable conduiC.~ and
trays, etc;
subsCation control buildings (OPU) with proCective relaying, auComatic
control and communications, indoor distribution system (ZRU) buildings, com-
pressor rooms, etc;
approach and on-site roads, cable lines, water and sewer linea, oil
drains and sumps, fences, exterior lighting and signaling equipment.
Substations of 500 kV and higher, requir~ in addition construction of
auxiliary buildings, transformer repair towers, rail sidings, and other
facilities.
This is Che reason for Che greaC variety of different ~obs involved in build- _
ing substations: general construction, installation, finishing and other ~obs
characterisCic of any industrial facility. The work volume involved in some
~obs is very small, which additionally complicates substation planning,
design and construction.
- At the present time, for Che purpase of standardizing design solutions,
~ accelerating and improving the quality of planning and design, approximate-
ly 160 standard designs have been developed and are being utilized for all
_ components of s�bstations, primarily high and extremely high volt age, witt~
elaboraCe layouts. They have been ratified by USSR Gosstroy, with agreement
and coordination settled with structural components manuf,~cturing plants, _
electric power network construction main administrations of the USSR Ministry
of Power and Electrification, as well as with plants of the Ministry of the
Electrical Equipment Industry and other agencies. All standard designs must -
be periodically revised in connection with change in the product list of the ~
supplier plants as well as adoption of improved te~:hnical solutions. Due
to the very limited funds allocated by USSR Gosstroy for standard design _
activities, in many cases revision and reworking of designs are not performed
in a prompt manner, which in turn leads to elaboration of a number of custom _
designs. The result is increased labor expenditures, substation design and
construction timetables.
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ConsCruction of substaCions is infl~enced by a number of f~cCors, ehe mosC
imporrgnt of which are rhe following:
al~.oc&tion of land not suiCed for agriculCure, as well as for housin~
and industrial construction;
increase in volume of construction in epaYS~~ly-populated regions, in-
cluding norChern and inaccessible areas;
~ limited man~,~c~u~r resources.
In connecCion witt~ thistt~e main Cask is to increase labor productiviCy, to
- achieve all-ouC indusCrializaCion of conetrucCion activities, and tranaforma-
Cion uf a construction siCe inCo an erection site by means of exCensive
utilization of prefabricaCed strucCures and components [1].
~ .
We shall examine below the principal pro~ect sCages which promote to a sig-
- ni`icant degree accomplishment of the assigned tasks.
Broadening of the area of applicaCion of fully prefabricaCed substaCions
and distribution systems (KTPB and KRUB). Series-produced 110 kV substa-
Cions puC out by the Kuybyshev Elektroshchiti Plant, employing simplified
layouts without circuit breakers, developed by Che Odessa Affiliate of the -
Orgenergostroy Institute ~ointly with Che Energoset~proyekt InstituCe, are
being more and more extensively utilized. In the last four years (1974-
1977) the number of adopCed KTPB has increased by more than SOy, comprising
- 66% of the toCal number of substations with layouts utilized in KTPB.
Plans call for devel~ping and producing KTPB with a bridge layout and
developed layout. An experimental 110 kV KTPB on a bridge layout with
- circuit breaker has already been adopted at the Rodnikovskaya substation.
Series production on such KTPB was started up at the Kuybyshev Elektroshchit
P1anC in 1978. Extensive employment of these substations will ensure in-
creased labor productivity; outlays on construction-erection activities and
construction timeCables will be cut in half, while consumption of inetal and
concrete will be reduced by one third to onP half.
Also begun in 1978 was insCallation at 110 kV substations of aeries-produced
complete 110 kV developed-layuut factory-built distribution systems (KRUB).
At the present time the Energoset'proyekt InstiCute, its Northwestern depart- -
ment, ~ointly with the Kuybyshev Elektroshchit Plant and the Odessa Affiliate
of Orgenergostroy, are working on first units of Y.TPB and KRUB of new types
(construction of a 220/35/10 kV KTPB is almost completed at the Belaya Glina
substation and a 220/110/10 kV KTPB at the Bezhetskaya substation); on
reducing the quanCity of electrical equipment (at the suggestion of the
Northwestern department of Elektroset'proyekt the number of 6(10) and 35 kV
dischargers installed in KTPB has been reduced), as well as types of KTPB
designs on modifications of the main layout; deCermination of overall future
need for KTFB in different parts of the country, which will make it possible
to substantiate the necessity of expanding production of KTPB at the
Elektroshchit Plant.
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F'Ult o~~tC1AL USN: hNt.Y
Cr~ nrder tn brn~den the ~reg nf gppliCgtinn df KTpU in th~ nnrth~ern reginnd,
- the N~rthwegtern dep~rtment of ~n~rgoset'proyekt prep~red ~~p~~i~l pr~limin~ry
deHign which wag utilized by Ch~ Odeg~g Affiliate nf Orgenergo~troy in
der~igning a norCl~ern verginn of KTp~. Thi~ ver~ion will be utiliz~d in
r~pecif.ic de~ign applicatinn~ ~t Che end of 1979.
Plc~nned for 1979-1980 ~re effort~ to expgnd th~ li~t of manufacCur~d uriit~ and
pnnelH for primary circuire gnd utilizpd ~quipmenC; d~velopment of 35 end 110 kV
K'~l~g de~ign~ with prefgbriC~thd bu~eg~ norChern-ver~ion equipment and ~mall-
xize rircuit bre~ker~~ g~ wcll gg K'~pg for gr~g~ wiCh ~ir pollueinn~
etc.
Special attentinn i~ being focused on ensuring thaC Chis equipment ig provid~d
in complete set~.
W~ ~hould nnte th,~C Kuccegxful accompli~hmenC nf Chege prnjects c~n be
. achieved only if there ig achieved the planned expangion nf prod~cCion by Che
Elektrnghchit plant.
~'ast-~rection ~ubstations (nMp)~ 35-220 kV. In 1977 the NarthwegCern
depar~menC of ~nergoseC'proyekt prepared design documentation on a new degign
layout for 35-220 kV sub~tations with unit and bridge layouts (2J. -
A new de~ign Hnlution specifieg utilization of a terminal line r~upporC Pd an
equipment ~upporC element, which makes it possible to eliminate lead portFilK
a:~ well a~ to reduce to a minimum zero cycle work volume.
Tnitial adoption experience indicaCes thaC employment of Che new design (in
~ comparison with exigting aCandard solutions) will reduce construction site
area by 62y, substation materials requirements by 657:, cable coneumption
by 40%~ labor outlays by 341:, construction and erection volume by 47Y., and
building cost by 269:.
In 1979-1981 plans call for developing a series of 35-330 kV BMP c~mploying
unit and bridge layouts on the highest voltage side with double- and triple-
wound Cran~formers.
We should note that tn~ area of employment of such subatations is limited,
~ince it i~s not possible to develop a substation on the highest voltage
side.
Substation componenl~ of transportable units (UTB), When erecting sub-
stations in remote and difficult-access areas it is necessary to deliver
coroponents in large trnnsportable units. This demand is met by prefabricated
transportable unit components developed by the Elektrouralmontazh Truat
and the Urals Departmen[ of the Energoset'proyekC Institute (3). Depending on
function, the UTB consist of one or several linking box units, in which the
- requisite equipment is installed.
23 _
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The dim~n~ion~ df ehe bc~x unit~ are diCt~ted by ernn~pnrt vehicle gi~e:
l~ngth 12.1~ width 3.~5, gnd hei~he 3.7~ met~rs; w~ight 8,200 kg. Develop-
ment of ~ub~t~tinn compnn~nCg employing UUB hg~ mad~ it pog~iblp Co reduc~
lgbnr hxp~nditureg by 50~, which ig partScul~rly imporCanC ~?tph congtruction
of fncilieieg in difficult-acc~~~ ~r~g~.
Annual ~avinge from cnmprehen~iv~ ~mployment of UTg at 110 ~nd 220 kV ~ub-
gtgtian~ ~u~t in Chp pcn~r~r gy~t~mg of thp Urai~ hag b~cn dptermin~d ~t ap-
proxim~t~ly ~ million rubleg. Thi~ ig gchi~v~d by r~ducing capit~?1 ~ppnding~
' derreg~ing Che cngt of cnngtruction and prpction operationg, and ~horthning
th~ time rpquir~d to build th~~e gubgtation~.
At tt~e pre~enr time UT$ are being developed for OPU~ rompressor rootn, battery
_ rnom, 6-10 kV zRU~ etc.
In the future ther~ will be d~v~lopment of UTB wiCh el~g~z (5~~J ~quipm~ne
for 110 gnd 220 kV.
Thc instituCe'g departments are working nn expanding Che area of applicetion -
of UT$ in differe~nt parts of 5iberia, the Urale~ Kazakhstan, Chp ~gr ~asC~
etc.
Uevelopm~nt and adoption of new design solutions with employment of pre-
fabricated buildings BMZ. In 1976 Energoset'proyekt, Working jointly aith
the enterprisea of Energotekhprom and the Elektrostroypodstantsii Trust~
developed and built the firstbuil~ of BM2 eectione at the 220 kV sub-
stations Yagenevskaya (tWO building9) and Borisovskaya (four buildinge)
(4j. ~xperience in erecting the~e buildings confirmed the soundness of
their employment in construction of 110-500 kV subatations.
In 1977-1978 the Tula, NorthWestern~ Gor'kiy departmenta and Kiev OKP [ex-
pansion unkno~nj of the Energoset'proyekt Inatitute produced designs for
OPU and ZRU buildings~ pump and compressor rooms of BMZ sections for sub-
stations of 750 (Novo-Bryanekaya) and 220 kV CBezhetakaya~ Kineshma, and
Pridonskaya). As a result of employment of BMZ sections, the conaeruction
timetable for each building at these substationa was shortened by three
months~ with reduced labor outlays and improved building exterior appearance.
In 1978 the institute completed development of a standard preliminary
design, which apecifies that all substation buildings be erected of BMZ
sections. At the same time development is in progress, jointly With
Energotekhprom, on a two-story ZRU building with a large number of cables
and OPU for S00 kV substationg. The posaibility of interlocking BMZ is
being studied. The preliminary design specifies the area of application
a,nd requisite manufacturing volume o~ BMZ structures of different types
(with 4 and 6 meter bays).
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~dk dF'~tCtAL U5N, dNLY -
begigning ~ubgtntian~ with 5~d equipmene. '~he ~nergdgpC'pr~y~kt tn~eituCe
~tta~he~ gre~t impnrt~nce t~ ext~n~ive employment nf eomp~eCe di~Cributic~n
gygtemB wi.th SN6 ingul~eion CK1tU~) ~C power fgciliCie~.
`Che technicgi requir~mentg an 11~ and 2~0 kV in~ide in~egll~tion KEtU~ were
~labor~t~d by th~ in~tituee in 1973.
tn 197b th~ ifl~eitut~ publigh~d ~pecific~tiong for ~10-1~50 kV K1tU~~ which
were rgtifihd by Chp ~ri~nrific and T~chnical Council of chpu~ rtint~ry
and ~lectrifieaeinn and forw~rded eo th~ Mini~try of th~ ~1~ceric~l ~quipment
tndustry. Preliminary ~pecificgtion~ for 110 ~nd 220 kV K~U~ w~rp ~xamin~d
~nd revi5pd in 1976. ~in~l ggr~~m~ne on prplimin~ry gp~cificationg ig b~ing
dplay~d du~ ~o the high limiC pric~ on a KitU~ uniC, which gub~tanti~lly ex-
ceeds the cogt of a unit with tr~ditional ~q~iipm~nt.
~ At the prc~ent tim~ the firgt 5ovier-manufactur~d 110 kV ttltU~ unit~ ~rp
b~ing ingt~lled at the 22Q/1.10 kV d~ep-input Y~lokhov~kay~ ~ubst~tion ~
Mosrow. 'fhe ingtitute hgB gp~cifipd a numb~r of oth~r faeiliti~g gt Which
this equipm~nt ig to be in~t~lled during the lOth ~ive-Ypar plan. ~irgt
experience in designing 110-500 kV nRU indic~red thaC ~mployr~ent of 5~6
equipment~ in comparigon wiCh analogoug traditional equipment~ will mak~ft
po~gible to r~duce construction eit~ grpg by 40-fold and roore.
tnstallation oE SF`~ equfpment at encloaed substations will reduce congtruction
site grea and building volume severalfold.
Thank~ to large-madule layout and delivery of complete SP6 equipment~ labor
requirements in congtruction of substationg will be reduc~d by 20X, and ~
erection time by 40-80X.
Development of standard substation designs With 5Fg distribution gystems is
being delayed due to an insufficiently rapid pace of startup nf manufacture
of the equipment at enterprises of the Ministry of the Electrical Equipment
Industry.
ORU with cgid =:ads. Employment of rigid leads on ORU makes it possible to
eliminF.te construction of portal etructures, aubstantially to reduce facili-
ty site area and correspondingly Lo reduce the volume of conetruction aork.
- for exampl~, in utilizing a 110-220 kV ORU design With rigid leads in com-
parison with standard ORU with flexible leads, there is a reduction in
facility site area, consumption of steel, reinforced concrete and labor
outlays by 23, 6, 35 and 15X respectively.
The first substations with rigid leads (Mokhovyye Gory in Corenergo and
Serdobskaya in Penzaenergo) were desiRned by the institute's Cor'kiy depart-
_ ment. The Mokhovyye Gory substation Was built and put into operation in 1973.
'.rtetal structures for this substation aere fabricated and erected by the
Volgoelektroset'stroy Trust. 110 kV ORU for the Serdobskaya substation Was
fabricated by the Elektroshchit Plent. Rigid leads Were subsequently em�
ployed in 110 and 220 kV ORU at a number of other substations (5~.
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~0[t O~~ICtAL US~ dNi,Y
At ~h~ pre~~t~e eitne the Ndrehw~~t~rn d~p~rtm~n~ of ~n~r~~~pt'proy~kt i~
cdmpleting pr~p~r~Cion of working dr~wing~ for ~ ge~ndard 220 kV O~U d~~ign
- wiCh rigid l~~d~ for ~impli~i~d layouCg wiCh tran~form~r~ of up to 125 MVA
~~ch.
~xCensiv~ ~ddptinn af aub~e~tiong with ~igid l~~dg i~ being del~ypd by eha
limir~d m~nufacture of gluminum tubing a~ wa11 a~ g lack of r~quis~te factory-
- mad~ conn~ceing hardwar~. Th~ E~~ktroget'izolyaCaiyg '~rusr ig pre~~ntly
working on terminal hardw~r~ for ~uch l~ad~ ae the institut~'~ rpqu~~t.
'Cube ~tt~~hm~nt r~quir~g ~ t~rmina~ c~amp d~~ign wh~r~ minimal w~lding wi~1
be r~q~ir~d in ingt~ll~tion. -
FACtory ~~rie~ manufactur~ of rigid l~adg tog~ther with connecting harduarp
i~ co be get up at onc of th~ plante of the Elektroaet'izotyatsiya Trust.
Con~truction of gub~tation~ on ~tendard compr~hen~iv~ designg. 7'horoughly
pl~bor~t~d gtand~rd golution~ utiliz~d for 110 kV gub~tationg, individuai
, gubgtgtion gtrucCure~, aegemblieg and dietribution gy~tem~ of a11 volteg~g
with ~ gtandard l~yout nerWOrk, ag a~ll as data on recurr~nce of et~ployment
of gubgtation~ of varioug typ~e have made it pog~ible to transition to
developm~nt of ~tandard comprehensive eubatation de~ign~ (6j.
Stendard comprehengive designing of subetations for the most co~nuonly ug~d .
layoutg i~ promi~ing, aince this gimplifies and reduces the coet of de~ign-
ing, and facilitatea supplying facilities under construction With structureg,
equipment and materials.
A standard comprehensive design has been elaborated for tWO 110 kV substa- ~
tion modifications:
With two double- and triple-WOUnd transformera (110/10 and 110/35/10 kV)
of up to 16 MVA~ Which in the future can be replaced by tWO 25 MVA units;
With tWO 40 MVA transforrsera, which cs : ~c laced ahen neces-
sary by two 63 MVA units.
In the design three different versions of electrical hookup arrangement~
for 110 kV OitU are being developed for each modification. ~
Alongside this, at the present time final aork is being completed on Working
draWings of a standerd comprehensive design of 220 kV subetation vith ORU
on a simplif ied layout on the high voltage side.
Calculations indicate that adoption of efficient a.ayouts for substa~!.ons of
these types makes it possible [o reduce facility site area and materials _
requirements by approximstely lOX in comparison aith traditional deaigns.
For extensive adoption and further improvement c+f neu design solutions for
substations of 110 kV and higher examined in this article, it ia necea9ary to
determine reasonable areas of their employment substantiated by techeical and
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~'Ok O~~~CIAL t?5~ dNLY
_ eCnndmiC C~1cul~Ciong. In the ne~r future eh~e ~nergo~eC'proyekC IngCiCuCe -
wi11 ~dmpl~Ce ehi~ work, whi~h wi11 tn~ke ie poseible to r~fine eh~ volum~~
nE vgrinu~ advgnced gtru~tur~g gdopeed i.n de~igning ~nd building ~ubgtgCionx
of 11d kV ~nd hi$her. '
tmpravem~~?t af degign golution~ for ~uh~t~tinn~ of 110 kV gnd higher ig being
performed the ingtituee in ~lose cnligbnr~eion wirh eon~~ructi~n tirugt~ and
plgneg of the U55~ Mini~ery of pnwer and ~1~etrificaeion. Participation in
~aint cdnf~r~n~~g, busin~gs m~~tingg wiCh con~CrucCion gppcialigts, de~ign~rb
gupervisinn ~nd other megsur~s promot~ r~pid gdoption of efficient ~olution~
into prn~eic~~ designing ~nd congCr~crion of ~ub~CaCiong.
BIBLIOGitAPHY
1. peCerson, L. L., gnd Kurnosov, A. I. "~fficient 5tructures for I'ower
'Cr~ngmi~~inn Litt~s ~nd SubsC~tion~~" ~N~RGETICNBSKOY~ STROIT~L'STVb,
vo S, 1971, pp 24-2~.
2. Gorbov, G. L., gnd piven', I. Sh. "~ast-~rection 32-2~0 kV 5ubstations,"
~N~RG~'~ICH~5KOY~ S`~ttOIT~L'STVO, Na 4, 1978~ pp 3-4.
3. E`nynyud, G. M.; ~rman, Z. ~nd ~aytsev, L. I. "Standerdi~~d Units fdr
110-500 kV 5ubstation Buildings," ~LEKTRICHE5KIYE STANTSII, No 10~ 1976,
pp 38-42.
4. "~ffectiveness of Emplnyment of prefabricated 8uildings in Substation
Cun~tr+iction." 5idorenko~ L. i'.; Kogan~ Ya. I.; Elenbogen, G. N.; and
Khokhlnv, A. I. ~IV~RGETICH~SKOYE 5TROITEL'STVO, No 7, 1977, pp 17-25.
5. Brenner, A. I.; Burukhina, T. 5.; Kogsn, Ya. I.; 5idorenko, L. P.; and
Khokholov, A. I. "Advanced 5olutions in Construction of the Vozeyskaya
220 kV 5ubstation," ENERG~TICf?~SKOYB STROITEL'STVO~ No 3, 1978, pp 28-32.
6. Grosman, G. P. "Building 110 kV Substations on Comprehensive Designs~"
EN~RGETICH~5KOYB STROITEL'5TV0, No 4, 1918~ pp 4-7.
COPYRICHT: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya", "EneT~geticheskoye stroitel~stvo" 1979
30 24
CSO: 1822
27
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~ FOFt UF~ZCIAL U5~ ONLY
~i.~G"rRIC POW~R AND POW~It EQUIPMENT
~ unc: 6ai.3ii.4,ooi.2 -
A15VANCBD STEtUCTURES FOR SUBSTATIONS DISCUSSED
,
Moscow ~NERGETICHESKOYE STROI'~~L'STVO in Russian No 4, Apr 79 pp S-7
(ArCicle by ~ngineer L. L. Levin: "Advanced Structures for SubataCiona~'J
(Text] Substation congtru.~ion, a component part of electric power ayaCem
construction, possesaes a nwnber of epecific f~atures. Construction of power
transmission lines involves construction and erection operations of a com-
paratively limited variety (construcCion of foundations, assembly and
erection of towers, stringing of wirea). At the same time the construction
_ site of large substations of 250 kV and higher, and even 110 kV substations,
erected of strucCures supplied "in bulk," is pxactically an indusCrial aite.
A rather large variety of 3obs being performed on the one hand and the com-
paratively small volume of some of these jobs on the other complicate
resolving problems of organization of construction of substations and supply-
~ing the facility with material and manpower resourcea.
Therefore the problem of maximum aimplification of aubstation consCruction,
that is, increasing the degree of prefabrication and factory methoda employed
on individual components, is of vital importance.
Designs and techniques of building substations have been improving for a
number of years. Structures of reinforced concreCe goured on aite, brick-
work, and metal supports of the most diversified types for mounting OR~I
(outdoor distribution syatem] equipment have been replaced by structures of
prefabricated reinforced concrete of the frame-panel type for construction
of substation buildings (OPU [Substation Control Facilities], VRU (Indoor
- Distribution SysCems], etc) and reinforced concrete supports or piles of
uniform section for mounting a broad variety of equipment in ~?.U. Prefabricated
reinforced concrete is also employed for fabricating lead portals,'transformer
foundations, cable lines and other substation components.
Subsequently, due to further standardization of space-layout solutions for
snbstation buildings and structures, we have succeeded in substantially
reducing the number of types of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures.
The total number of type-sizes of prefabricated reinforced concrete etruc-
tures was reduced by 20X, and the number of equipment fastening components
by SOx, Calculated annual reduction of capiCal spending on aubatation coa-
- struction totaled approximately 2 million rubles.
28
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t~'nit tlF~~CtAL US~ ONLY
All Chi~ m~d~ it pns~ibl~ Cu pr~par~ ~nd in 1576 C~ puC ouC g cgCalogu~ of
prdducC iC~mg fnr pdw~r wy~t~m, includ~.ng ~ubeCgtinn, congtruceion, a
ngCalogup which ~ei1L applieg.
However~ Ch~ con~CanCly increasing work volume~ demand further improvem~nt
of proceg~ gnd de~ign goluCion~ u~ilized in building sub~tgtinna. Problemg
of Maximum possible reduction of labor outlays at Che construction site are
gcquiring particular importance.
'Che most l~borioug componentg o� gubstaCione are Che various buildings.
Utilizaeion of frame-pgnel structures, o~hich are exCengively employed todgy
~ tn indus~crial conslruction (including construction of buildinge for Chermal
electric, p4wer stntiotta),ig noC always opCimal for the epecific conditions
of substaCion construcCion. When erecting OPU~ ZRU or any~ oCher buildinga
for substaCions, one utilizes a raCher large variety of product items (columns,
beams, wall penels, ceiling-floor slab~, etc), assembly~ erecCion and gecur-
ing of which demand considerable labor. An increage in labor expendituree
is algo dictaCed by Che consCruction of brick partitiong~ cable channels and
oCher design components.
Tn construcCing subsCations in remote and difficult-access areas, where con-
struction indugCry capabilities are limited~ additional difficultiea arise~
caused by Che necessity of supplying a pro~ect with atructures and product
items from different planCs.
In recent years design organization speciaLiats, working together with the _
construction people, have come up with varioua engineering solutions aimed
F~t simplifying construction of substation buildings. First of all we ahould
note the designing of substation buildings wiCh enclosure structures of
shaped sheet steel. Of all the different design solution versions of Chis _
type, the most acceptable is the version which specifiea utilization of
"sandwich" panels, manufactured by the Kuybyshev Elektroahchit Plant. Employ-
ment of such panels has made it possible sharply to reduce the weight of
building structures, which is particularly important in building substations -
in remote areas. Positive experience has already been acquired in the em-
ployment of "sandwich" panels in building substations in the Urals and
5iberia [1]. _
The Energotekhprom enterprise, working together with the Elektrostroypod-
stantsii Trust and the Energoset'proyekt Institute, have developed a design
specifying construction of substation buildings of fast-erection reinforced
concrete aections (BMZ) [2]. In the short time which has passed since com-
pletion of construction on the first building at the Yasenevskaya subetation
in Moscow, approximately 35 BMZ section buildings have been designed, and
more than 20 buildings have already been erected and put into operation.
Amassed experience in designing and erecting buildings of BMZ sections has
made ~,t possible to proceed with elaboration of a standard design. Such
a design already exists, containing a list of all buildings erected at sub-
stations, and specifying a list of reinforced concrete product items.
29
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We ghould note Ch~C el~e fir~t buildingg were d~gigned gnd bui1C o� 12 x 6 met~r
HMZ sentions, whinh were gvailxbl~ aC Chae Cime. This led Co gn unwarrgnted
tncrease in bu~.lding heighC gnd congequenCly to exc~egive buildittg COSC. In
connecCinn wirh Chiv, principnl sub~eaCion buildings (Ol'U of typeg I-IV,
, ZttU, etc) are to be ~r~cCed of gecCiong measuring 12 x 4 m. Such ~eceinng
h~v~ glready beett developed gC Che ~nergotekhprom enterprie~, gnd they are
to go into production in 1980. The degign procees al~o revealed Che nec~s-
giCy of designing and fgbricaeing seceiong o� oeher gizeg~ such as 6 x 4 m,
for small buildingg (compregsor houeeg, water supply pump houses).
The subgtaeion d~sign specifies elimination of brick walls, with replacement
by prefgbricated reinforced concrete. For Chis purpose it ig recommended
C1taC one urilize lighrwe3ght verCical ribbed reinforced-cement partitions of
type PTsP-R, series 1CI'-201, developed by Kiev PromsCroyproyekC. ~mployment of
ehese in place of flat concrete makes it poseible Co reduce concrete volume.
Taking into consid~ration experience in consCructing buildings of BMZ section~,
ehe design also specifies conduiCless laying of cables.
The following table specifies the principal Cechnical-economic indices of OPU
buildings erected of BMZ secCions and of traditional structures.
- THn ,aem~a UIIY~ 2 - -
, U~,,,.~~.~r~~nn ~I ~ ( I IU ( IV r -
300~.,,~ , r~~,hnno ~c~
nrn4~ni.~,w'. . In1 4 t3),e 160,5 121,9 II~ 9/92,G 97,1/b0,5
40huc~~ G~m~.~. M~ Ij,~!- ~a,~~_ 2~,4/- It,s/..
rjCra~~~a ~ tla~�
tr.'I~.uo ua~T.~~t�
- m~~ ~~~6rt,
tNr. ~~~f~. . ~ ~:,!y14 37,9/35~8 46,7/25~J 41,7/'l0,6 _
6T~n~~~ .uu~~n+�. . N~0/J~0 I 159/350 500/ZR.S 141/1~10
Key:
1. Indices 4. Volume of concrete
2. Type of OPU building S. Cost of construction and
, 3. Volume of prefabricated erection work, thousand rubles
reinforced concrete 6. Labor outlays, man-days
Note: The numerator contains indices for buildings of traditional structures, ~
and the denominator for buildings of BMZ sections
Employment of B1~ sections in erecting substation buildings makes it pos-
sible ta reduce labor outlays by 60X on the average, as well as to reduce
~he construction modu~le, thanks ta which in enlarging substations building
length can be increased by 3 meters and not by 6, as is the case with the
frame-panel version. We should also note that with utilization of BMZ
sections (in comparison with the traditional frame-panel version), a build-
ing's architectural appearance is improved (see figure).
3~
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r0tt OFFICIAL USC t~NI~Y
.
t: _
c
~ -
�~ti`.:
. ~ .
. ~
~
~ w' ~ t
b)
c)
Substation Buildings of BMZ SecCions. a-- OPU of type I, of secCions
measuring 12 x 4 m; b--OPU of type VIII, of sections measuring 12 x 6 and
12 x 4 m; c-- compressor house of sections measuring 6 x 4 m.
For substations of 500 kV and up, the author feels that it is advisable to
erect two-story buildings. The design developed for these buildings (with
cable half-story) also specifies employment of BMZ sections, for which it will
be necessary somewhat to modernize the standard sections specified for single-
story buildings. The floor-ceiling slabs should measure 5.7 x 3 m and reat
on BMZ section brackets.and central columns.
Since modernization of sections and organizaCion of tnanufacture of supplemen-
tary components require time (development, fabrication of equipment, prepara-
tion for production), at the present time a new design for a type VIII OPU
building of prefabricated reinforced concrete has been developed. We should
note that this design will apparently be utilized in this country's eastern
areas, to which BMZ se~tions (due to the absence of fabricating plants in
these areas) will be supplied in limited quantity.
The new type VIII OPU design differs significantly from the preceding one.
The designed building is more compact: its plan dimensions are 18 x 36 m
(as compared with the old desigds 12 x 54 m). In place of the previously em-
ployed II-20 series, designed for multistory industrial buildings, the plan
calls for empl~yment of more economical series II-04 structures (communica-
tions version) which are being put into production at plants of tfie USSR
3~
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~nEt OI~i~'ICIAL U5L nNLY
Miniaery of pow~r gnd ~l~ctirific~?tiion. Thnnk~ Co ehi~, building height
wi11 be reduced by glmogt 2 met~r~, and building volume by more tih~n
1,000 m3. in addiCion, Che d~gign gpecifi~~ ueilizaCion of prefabricaChd
reinEnrced coner~t~ parCition~ of vertical componenC~ dpveloped by Tepln-
~lrktroproyc~kC r~nd employed in consCrucCion of Che zaporozhekgya G~~S. Ag
a regulC of adopting new C~chnic~l ~olutions and an ef~icienti l~yout, Che
cosr of construceion gnd erection will b~ reduced by 11~ and iabor ouClayg
by 20%.
In order to achieve a further decr~age in labor outlayg, plang ca11 for
improving design soluCions for laying cable on eub~Cation sites. In
pxrticular, it is proposed to replace Che reinforced cancreCe cable trays
p're~ently employed �or ground laying of cable with r~inforced-cement Crays. .
Thig will make it poseible to increaee tray lengCh from 2 Co 3 meters and
to rpduce the number of reinforced concrete tray regt~ by 30x. It is proposed
ChgC trays and conduieg be covered by thin-wall~d ribbed glabg~ which will
make it posgible Co reduc~ by approximaeely one half the number of'slabg
uCilized for these purposes. '
It is recommended ChaC semi-buried conduits of series II-O1-04 elemenCe
employed for laying a large number of cables be deaigned in one piece (Chat
is, a trough-shaped section, not of three gep~rate components)~ which will
also help reduce labor outlays on laying cablP conduits. -
There is one other possible version laying of cablea in protective ~ackets~ -
supported by suspension cables. Analysis of technical-economic indicee con-
firms the economic effectiveness of adoption of such a Cechnical solution in
building large substations wiCh exCensive cable lines.
Certain work is also being done in the area of improving zero cycle struc-
tures. Of interest in this respect are bored and tamped-backfill foundationa.
Experimental-industrial utilization of such foundations for lead portals and
power transformers at a number of substations has shown that their utiliza-
tion sharply reduces volume of earthmoving, and conaequenCly labor ex-
penditures. For example, utilization of such foundations in the construction
of a 110 kV substation (elaborated layout) resulted in reducing labor ex-
penditures by 200 man-days. In areas remote from construction industry
_ plants, employment of these foundations will produce additional s~vings by
~educing transport costs of delivering reinforced concrete atructures.
In conclusion we should note several problems resolution of which will
promote further improvement of the construction part of substations.
1. One should reduce to the maximum degree the number of 110 kV substations
erected of structures supplie d in "bulk." Toward this end it is recommended
that priority be given to development of KTPB [Pully Prefabricated Substa-
tionsj for developed layouts, which in turn will make it possible to increase
the extent of their adoption. At the same time measures should be taken aimed
at increasing the volume of production of KTPB within the USSR Ministry of
Power and Electrification system, since the presently existing level of produc-
~ tion is clearly insufficient. _
32
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~'nit 0~~'tCIAL U5~ UNLY
2, IC is n~r.~~~~ry C~ ~xp~nd producCion volum~ on ~MZ gtrunCure~ nnd tio ~et up
producti.nn not nnly in tihe ~uropean part of Chi~ counery but gl~o in eh~
eagt~rn ~r~gg~ Sp~ci~l ~Ct~nCion ~hould be focuged on ~xpgnding ehn v~riaty
nf seCriottg produced. Tt is advigabl~ to ~~t up producCion of ~~crion~
m~~suring 12 x 4, 6 x 4, 9 x 4 m,c~~. Thie wi11 mgke it pog~ible eo conaCruct
aLmosC ~11 ~ub~t~tion buildingg of BMZ ~ections.
3~ Ther~ is n~ed~d fureh~r dev~lopment o� con~truction indu~ery ba~~ facil~-
ties in ehe ~ageern pare of the country, ~nd in p~rCiculgr expanded ouCput of _
producC ieemg for gubstaeion conetruction. Ae the preeenC Cime, du~ Co in-
ad~quaCc developmenC of base facillCieg in th~s~ areag, iC ie difficulC Co
gupply subgrgCione with building ~Cructurea, and in many insCancea ~trunturee
gpecified in ehe pl~ns mu~e b~ r~placed by others, and ehig naeurally leade
- ro overexp~nditure of materi~lg and iitcreased cogC of conaCruction.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. ~ilatov, A. M.; Yaroslgvtseva, N. and Volkov, A. N. "Experience in -
besigning 5ubsCaCion Buildings of LightweighC Structureg," ~NERGETICNESKOYE
STROITEL'STVO, No 10, 1977~ pp 61-63.
2. "~fficient Utilizgtion of $uildings of a H igh Degree of Prefabrication
in Erecting SubsCations," Sidorenko, L. P.; Kogan, Ya. I.; Elenbogen~
G. N.; and Khokhlov, A. I., ENERGETICKESKOYE STROITEL'STVO, No 7, 1977~
pp 17-25.
COpY~tIGHT: Ixdatel'stvo "Energiya", "Energeticheskoye stroitel'atvo" 1979
30 24
CSO: 1822
33
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h~L[~,C'TRTC POWrR ANn ~(~WCR ~QUIPM~NT
~
~ UDC: 621.311.4.001.2
N~4J ~NGIN~~~2ING SOLUTIONS FOR 500 AND 750 kV SUBSTATIONS PRESENTED
Mdscow ~N~RG~TICHE5KOYE STROITEL'S7'VO in Russian No 4, Apr 79 pp 7-9
(Areicle by Engineers G. K. Viahnyakov, L. V. YevetigneyevA~ and I. M.
Smirnov: "Snme New T~chnical Solutiiona for 500 and 750 kV Subatations"J
- , i
[Text] A subgtaCion is one of the mosC labor-intenaive facilitiea in elecCric
power system construction, and iC is therefore not surprising that consider-
able attention has recently been devoCed to problema of improving subsCation
construction. ~
The Overland Transmission Department (ODP) of the Energoset�~royekt Institute
has developed the Mechta-500 and Mechta-750 500 and 750 kV s~bstation deaigne.
These designs are Che results of a search for new ways Co improve high-
voltage aubstaCions with Che ob~ective of reducing the labor requirements in
thetr construction as well as material outlays. The designs utilize latest -
advances in Soviet and foreign aubstation construction pracCices, and revise
cerCain standards. For comparison of the technical and economic indices of
the Mechta-500 and Mechta-150 subatations, we examined the designs of the _
500 kV Krasnoarmeyskaya substation and the 750 kV Yugo-Zapadnaya subatation,
which~were prepared by ODP in 1976-1977. -
We should note Chat the designers did not analyze technical soluCions
application of which would require either a radical change in the existing
system of operation and control (for example, adoption of total automation
and remote control of all operational and mode switchings), or utilization of
equipment of new types which is in the initial atage of development (for -
example, circuit breakers operationa with which will not lead Co overvoltages,
optoelectronic devices for holding currents and voltages in primary circuits
i~ place of current and voltage transformers, etc).
Initiation of design was preceded by analysis of distributiun of the estimated
cosC among individual 500 and 750 kV substation facilities, as well as among
types of jobs in conformity with the consolidlated eatimates of preliminary
design of the 500 kV Krasnoarmeyskaya and 750 kV Yugo-Zapadnaya substations.
It was established that the cost of equipment for 750 kV substations compriaea
more than 56X of the substation's total coat. The most expensive equipment
includes 750/500 kV autotransformera (14.4X), 750 kV ORU [Outdoor Distribution
3~+
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~oK o~rxctn~. usc nNLY
5yytems] (11.2~) ~nd 500 kV ORU (9~9%). mh~ construceion poreion oE 750
and 500 kV nltU ~ccounes for mor~ rhgn 5% of Cot~l substgtinn cosr, laying
oE ~ rnil spur Co the auCoeransformer siee 2.9%, and construcCion of the
subseation conerol cene~r (OPU) 2.7%~
The Co~e nf conqtructiion on tr~nsformer-oil gupply (TMKh) with cor~bined
b~ilding cnmprises 1~4%, while consCruction of fire protecCion facilities,
qumps nnd oi1 drgins compriees 0,8 and 0.3% resp~ctively; the cost of
_ c~ble lines is ~.4% of subsCarion costs (1.9% for coneCrucCion and 1.5% on
installaCion).
'The esCimaCed cost for a 500 kV substation breaks down in the main the same .
as for a 750 kV eubsr.~tion: 50.1% of Che CoCgl cost involves cost of equip-
ment (18.7% for 500/220 kV autotraneformers, 3.9% for 500 kV ORU, and 4.2%
for 220 kV ORU); 7.7% for synchronoua compensatorg; approximaCely 2% for
constructinn on the TMKh �aci.lities, and 2.8% on laying cable lines (we
ehould note that the cost of the OPU building is greaCer thaa Chat of Che
consCruction poreion of 500 and 220 kV ORU combined).
Analysis of distribution of estimated cost made iC possible to determine
the principal areas in which Co seek efficient technical solutions. This
does noC signify, however, that one should abandon Che search for the most
economical solutions for those facilities the cost of which comprises an
insignificant percentage of the total cost of building a subsCation.
Principal layouts of substaCion electrical connections. As we know, an
efficienCly selected layout ensures minimal capital expenditure while
providing the required level of reliability.
In most cases these conditions are met by a standard seC ~f layouts which
include such arrangements as the square, buses-transformers, one and a
half buses-transformers, and one and a half. The employment of combined
layouts is advisable from the standpoint of reducing the quantity of utilized
equipment. For example, recommended for four lines and two transformers is
the layouC buses-tranaformers with eighC circuit breakers. Employment of a
combined layout which conCains one one and a half layout circuit and two
circuits with two circuit breakers, will make it possible to reduce the num-
ber of circuit breakers to seven and will ensure the required level of
reliability.
Distribution system structures. Distribution systems are the most cosCly and
labor-intensive substation facil3Cies. Their design determines for the most
part the size of the site occupied by a substation. The designers analyzed
various designs of the 500 and 750 kV ORU and layout arrangement for the
substations as a whole: -
standard;
three circuit breakers in series;
35
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~
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with overhe~d disconnec..,rs;
wieh 1~ngChwige equipmenC placement;
Hame, witih ~mploymenC of elegaz (SF'y] conductors;
same, with employmenti of atructureg of electrica~ inaulation concrete.
" Ar?alysis indicated ehat wi.despread standard solutiona are not optimal, since
a maximum site area is required for Che subatation layout.
, ~ssooo
~ ~ ~ 195000 1 000 65~00
1 ~ ovy ~soNe ~ s
~ + ~ . + + ~
~
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p h ~ 1 e~.~ a ~ _ u~'t.t~a' 0~
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~ ~ ~m-� ~ ' ' ' ~ 1'
R ~ . a~-~1- . � ~---4? I
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p ~ .y ~ I ~ t ~ iJ . . + ~
�o e ~ ~'~ti~[n ~ ? ~ -tr � f ~ 9
h�` -~~-~r ~ ~ ~
ho ~ 10
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~ ~ ~ 8 111000 . J7000~ . 74000 ~ � 1I/000 . .
M
490000
67000
Layout of Mechta-750 SubstaCion.
Key:
1. Rail spur 8. Transformer turning device
2. 750 kV reactor 9. Entrance
3. 750/500 kV autotransformer 10. 500/220 kV autotransformer
4. Compressor house 11. Pump house ~
5. Treatment facility zone 12. OPU building
6. Sump 13. Compressor house .
7. Garage
ORU 500 and 750 kV layouts with lengthwise equipment placement proved to be
the most acceptable in all principal indices. Further improvement of these
designs involves utilization of SF6 conductors as collecting bars. All
principal distribution system equipment is conventional. Such a combined
36
FOR OFFICIr,:. USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100070019-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100070019-3
~
1~UIZ +Jk~'r I (:1 ~11, t151: (~NLti'
~ti~~tribution yyytc~m deyi~n makey it po~yible yh~rply to reduce the gite
;~rcr;i c~r.cupic~d by ~ Nubyt~tion, conyumptic~n nf inetnl, r~infnrced Gnncr~te
;~nd r~blc~. A dt�.~?wbur_k nC tl~it~ det~iy,n iH the hi~;h Cn~t nf 5F~ C~ndu~tdrH~
~ t~ ;~dc~pt ton into cnn4truct inn prn~t iC~~ Wt 11 beCOme pnKHihl~ c~nly aCter
~;ovtet indu~try cdmmenCe~ pr~durinK, 500-75n kV 5Nh cnnductor~.
~J~~~~ p~w~lbility of emploYin`; el~~ctrically inK~ilatin~ Cnnrrete i~ prdvided
f~~r tlir dc~iqn ot' 5~~1 kV ORU with ~ 1enKthwi~e equipm~nt l~yout. At the
'~t~~clit:~~5()0 5ub~tc~t Ion the 500 kV UftU buy le~d~ ~re ~r_cured t~ w~pdre~tely
ye,~?ndlny, titanchion~ (ptp~`~), fnbric.~ted ~f e1~Ctrically-in~ul~ting roncrete.
F:mplc~yment of~th[~ ~1~`T~~l`~~~ving~) ~w welligq~~impllfyin~Clend~in~tnlln-
(wti ich prov f dc.s Cnn
t inn ;ind oper.~t I.on.
~){tU rmploy uprf~ht~ fabrtr~ted in formwork fnr r~tand~rdized eentrifug~lly -
'~hc ndnption
c.-?4t pre5tretised reinforred Co~1Ct`ete pipe 560 mm in di~m~ter. �
of ~~prigl~t~ of electrical insulnting concrete, n~ well n~ p.nrti~l emplnyment
c~f riKid lead~+, h;i~ m~de it pow~ible r~ubstantinlly cu reduce mrt~l cdn~umptinn !
,ind ~;omewhat to reduce 0{tU ~~reg. ~urther ~implificntion of distrtbutidn
~;vytem d~~~tgn iK pn~~iblc only ufter improvinK the electrfc~~?1 rquipment
(tr:intiiton to 5F~ equfpment). 'Ch~~ plans far ;lrcht~ti ~+ub~tr~ttc~nr~ :+~?ectfy tl~e
pos~ihility of c~mploytnp, cumplete 5Fh distributton xyKtems (KRUF.), uu?.door
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