JPRS ID: 8517 TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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JPRS L/esi7
15 June 19 79
I
TRANSLATIONS ON SUP-SAHARAN AFRICA
FOUO No, 639
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATlONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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JP R5 L/ 8 517
15 Jwie 19 79
TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRI CA .
~ FOUO No. 639
CONTENTS PAGE
INTER-A.FRICt1N AFFAIRS
Tanzania Emerging as Regional Power Following Amin's Defeat
(Marc Yared; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 25 Apr 79) 1
Nigeria's Role in Chsd Subject to Queation
(Marc Yared; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 16 May 19) 4
Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea Airline Reopens
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERR,ANEENS, 20 Apr 79)........ 6
Briefs
Ethiopian Reinforcementa for Tanzania 7
Tuniaian Soldiers in Libyan-Ugandan Forces 7
French Aid to CAE Aaked by Houphouet-Boigny 7
South African Travelers to Reunion 7
Soviet Weapons From I.ibya to Chadian Rebela g
Nigeria Propoae$ Summit on Chad g
CAMEROON
Briefa
French Rural Development Aid g
CAPE VERDE
Briefa
French Food Production Assistance 10
CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE
Bokasea Turning to Libya After France Reviaes Stand
(Jos-Blaise Alima; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 16 May 79)...... ....,6 11
Briefs
Information Minister Arrested 13
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CON'1'ENTS (Continued)
CNAD
Page
Danger of Maintenance of 'de FacCo' Partition'Continues
(Fnde Amadou; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 30 Apr-13 May 79)........... 14
Briefs
Iaraeli Agent's Meeting With Goukouni 16
GABON
$riefs
AuaCrian ParticipaCion
GHANA
Briefs
Losa of Imported Chemicals ~
New BoaCa Launched, Ordered
~ GUINEA
Further Liberalization Measures in Private Trade
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Apr 79)........
Briefs
Official Position Rectification
GUINEA-BISSAU
Briefs
French Fishing Cooperation
MALI
Arab Funds Pledge Road Financing: Saudi Health Aid
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 4 May 79).........
Multi-Door Selingue Dam Project Reviewed
(Karl Lavrencic; THE MIDDLE EAST, May 79)
Brief R
French Four=Pronged Financing
Agricultural ProducCion Figures
RHODESIA
Rural Economy Reported in Dire Straits
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 4 May 79).........
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CONTENTS (Continued) pggQ
SENECAL
premier Continuing Economic Recovery Plan
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 11 May 79)........ 30
Briefs
Indian Protocol 31
SOUTH AFRICA
Briefa
Secret Contacts With PRC 32
UGANDA
Post-Liberation Problems Discuased
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 4 May 79).......... 33
Efforts To Normalize Relationa With Neighbore Reported
(MARCHES.TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Apr 79)......... 34
Combined Forces of Exiles Regroup
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, ZO Apr 79)......... 36
ZAIRE
Orbital Company, Magazine, and Letter
(Various sources, various datea) 38
German Orbital Gompany and Magazine, by Francoie Soudan
OTRAG Letter
German Aerospace Company Reported in Trouble
(Jack Bourderie; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 14-27 May 79)............ 40
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
T,ANZANIA EMERGING AS REGIOIvAL POWER FOLLOWING AMIN'S DEFEAT
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 25 Apr 79 pp 12-13
[Article by Marc Yared]
[Text] The dieappearance of Idi Amin should not hide the principal lesaone
to be learned from the war fn Uganda. Amin has again become, and quickly,
what he had been--a caricature, more important is the victory of the man
who overthrew Idi Amin: the Tanzanian president. Several weeka ago we
wrote (JEUNE AFRIQUE, No 948) in connection with the Idi Amin--Juluie Nyerere
encounter, "For Africa and for the world, aomething new is at stake: it
is a matter of finding out whether a circumspect idealiat can truimph over
a cynical buffoon." It ie indeed tfie circumspect one who has triumphed:
Juliue Nyerere.
Now international opinion has been enlightened: "Big Daddy" has fallen
before the etaggering blows of the army of the Tanzanian "Mwalimu" (teacher).
Julius Nyerere has won a four-fold victory: the victory of democracy over
tyranny, of progressivism over obacurantism, of Eaet Africa over the
expansionieon of forces foreign to it, and last, of Tanzania, whiah is
emerging as a regional power hencefortfi to be reckoned with.
i. By overthrowing a ehameful dictator who has cauaed hundreds of thousands
of his fellow citizens to be killed and terrorized millions of others, the
Tanzanian chief of state Fias aucceeded in a"first." Africa ia no longer
solely this "union of chiefs of state anxious to perpetuate themaelvea in
power, even be it to the coat of their peoplea," which the "Mwalimu"
castigated again in December 1978. Perhaps tyrants are no langer asaured
of impunity within the OAU or of the consideration of their peera. The
despot is no longer unvincible. Equitorial Guinea will one day perhapa
be liberated in the same way from the bloody regime of Macias Nguema, a
counterpart of "Big Daddy."
The "Mwalimu" will gain all the more disciples in Africa since he has
made an African aolution to the Ugandan criais prevail. There was not
internationalization, and no intervention of foreign troops on the continent,
a8 tfiere has been in Angola, Zaire, Ethiopia, Chad, and Mauritania.
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The fact remaine that the Tanzanian-Ugandan precedent is not withaut
danger. Nyerere ueed force to make Che right prevail. Other leaders,
too, mxy decide on rad3cal military solut3one, but with leae praiaeworthy
intentiona.
For the Idi Amin-Juliua Nyerere encounter has demonstrated the polltical
impotence of the OAU. Impotence not only to resolve a, aerious armed
conflict but also to preserve its sacrosenct principles: territorial
integrity, flouted by the Ugandan invasion of the Tanzanian Kagera region
in November; non-interference in the internal affaire of a state; and
reapect for the sovereignty of othere.
2. The success of Nyerere, the socialiat, againat Idi Amin, the reaction-
ary, ia also a new victory for progreseiviam on the continent. The
supporrers of Tanzania are the pillara of militant Africa: National libera-
tion movementa (2imbabive Patriotic Front, the Namibian SWAPO [Southwest
African People's Organization], and Front Polisario Sahravoui), and states
in the front line of oppoaition to the raciet regimes of southern Africa
and Marxiat countriea (Ethiopia, Madagascar, and ao on).
These manifestationa of solidarity appear ae homage to the "Mwalimu," whoae
capital housea the Liberation Committee of the OAU, who provides aid to
the guerillas in southern Africa, and who supports most of the revolutionary
undertakings in the Indian Ocean. In the Seychellea, for example, where
the conservative regime of James Mancham was swept out in 1977 by a
commando unit trained at Dar-es-Salam.
Kinahasa and Khartoum are afraid that the fall of Idi Amin will free
hundreds of Simba and Anya Nya mercenariea wi:;,N were obaerved several years
ago in the bueh of Zaire and southern Sudan.
3. In the face o� 2,500 Tanzanian soldiers the humiliating defeat of the
Libyan expeditionary corps perhaps also tolls the knell of the expanai.onist
dreams of Colonel Qadhdhafi in black Africa. Not only were the forcea of
the Jamahiriya subjected to heavy loases (400 dead, according to some
sources) but Tripoli is said to have gone so far as to offer Dar-ea-Salam
and the National Front for the Liberation of Uganda 20 million dollars if .
they would a11ow the Libyan soldiers to evacuate Kampala without hindrance.
In Uganda Qadhdhafi intervened overtly and massively outgide his own
borders for the first time, after calling upon Nyerere to withdraw hia
troops. No doubt the Libyan colonel wanted to copy, on hia own, with much
show, the airlift to Ethiopia organized by the Sovieta in January 1978,
unless he wished more modestly to imitate the "punch" launched a year ago
by the Moroccans in Shaba. Now it remaina for him to face up the fallout
from hia adventure.
The Libyan defeat in Uganda will strengthen the determination of Chadian ~
nationaliste to resist a take-over by Tripoli. It also risks provoking
waves in the Jamahiriya iteelf where many citizens and a number of leaders
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are beinning to reflect upon the causee of the defeaCa their counCry has
sustained in Africa: in Egypt and Tunisia, in Chad and in Sudan. Noa
in Uganda.
~
4. Preaident Nyerere has finally, abuve a11, ahown that liis country�,
one of the poorest in the world, could effectively repel agression and
assert itself as the leading power in eastern Africa. 5ince fie ame to
power the "Mwalimu" has never concealed hie am6ition to rejoin the former
British coloniea of Zanzibar, Uganda, and Kenya into a powerful federatiion.
In 1964 the uprising by the black majority of Zanzibar againet the Arab
sultan gave Nyerere the opportunity to incorporate the island and realize
the first phase of his grand design: Tanzania waa born.
Now, the eaccesaea of Idi Amin were favorable Co the intervention of
Dar-�ea-Salam at Kampala. Special relationa between the two capitals may
be inatituted. With 30 million inhabitante the combination of Tanzania
and Uganda would then be the most populoua entity of black Africa, after
Nigeria, Kenya, and Rivanda and Burundi eapecially, are already fearful
of the formidable atCractive force of the new Dar-ee-Salam-Kampala axis.
And to think it was only a few years ago that weatern chancelleries took
only listless and amuaed notice of a certain Julius Nyerere, originally a
classical scholar, who talked of transforming his miserable country into
a society of communal villagea.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUPJIA 1979.
11706
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAYRS
NIGEItIA'S ROLE IN CHAD SUBJECT TO QUESTION
Paria JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 16 May 79 pp 28-29
[Article by Marc Yared]
[Text] The interim national union government of 29 membere formed at
N'Diamena on 29 April quite faithfully reflecta the ethnic and religious
diveraity of Chad, Goukouni Queddei and Hisaein Habre, principal leadere
of the Arabic Moslem North, hold down, reapectively, the interior end
defense portfolios. It was a compromise between these two atrong men',
recently rivals, that resulted in the choice of the new chief of etate
and of the government, Loi Mohamed Chawwa--himeelf a Moslem but from the
central region--practically an unknown on the very eve of hie appointment.
Gen Negy Djogo, the vice president, and Capt Koumbamba Dering, heading
diplomacy, are both Catholice from the south.
At the time the formation of thia interim government was annowraced,
hostile and "indignant" reactions were manifested. They came from
Christian and AnimiaC aeparatiat circlea in the south (aee JENUE AFRIQUE,
No 956) and from the Libyan Arab Jamahiruya, whose expanaioniat designa are no
longer a mystery to anyone. Major Jalloud, Colonel Oadhdhafi's right hand
man, woreover, naughtily proclaimed on 27 April, "Any solution in Chad
that does not meet witfi our approval is doomed to failure."
In order to cauae the failure of the N'Diamena authorities Libya has even
extended ita hand to the separatista. On 14 April, and on 21 April, a
Libyan Myatgre 20 landed at Moundow, the capital of tfie soutfiern recal-
citrants. tind, on the 25th, a Dakota DC 3 of the Jamahiriya, bringing
arms to them, cxashed in central Chad.
Above all, it is to this unusual coalition that the new executive owes hia
princ3pal "lettera patent of nobility." First of all because, for various
reaeons ranging from patriotiem to economic intereat, many Chadiana, even
in the south, are categorically opposed to any aeparatiet prospect.
I
As for Libyan meddling, it has already cauaed a formidable protest on the part of the overwhelming majority of Chadians, Christians and Moslema, ~
in the north and in the south. Foreign aggression has often, in the
course of history, been the effective cement for fragile national unities.
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The Jawahiriya is in fact finding itself more and more ieolated and
diacredited in Africa and worldwide, eApecially aince the smarting defenr
in Uganda. Who has fail.ed to observed rhe lesa and leas consiarent and
credible, the more and more improvised and confused nature of ita diplomacy?
In Chad, for example, it has suddenly forgotten all about Islam and pan-
Arabiam, the obvious motivation of aupport for Gcukouni and Habre, whom
it opposea, in order to fly to ttie sid of the latter's present adverearies...
The troopa led by Goukouni and Habre have amply proved themselves in the
field. No one doubts that the Tubu warriorg, thia time benefiting from
discreet help from Paris, will succeed in rouCing the forces which have
infiltrated from Libya.
Must we conclude that henceforCh all is for the best in the best posaible
Chad? Will the capital of that country at last deserve ttie name of N'Dyamena,
which meana "haven of rest?" Nothing can be less certain. For there is
no guarantee that the Goukouni-Habre bloc will maintain ita coheaiveneas.
On the contrary, recent history demonatrates how ephemeral are coalitiona
in Chad.
The charactera of the protagon:tsts muat also be taken into account. A
man wiCh iron fist and iron will, Heasein Habre is quite impuleive and
ambitious. Can a show of force with Goukouni, much more level-headed and
scrupulous, be avoided?
Another unknown factor which will weigh heavily in Chad's future is the
"game" of its large neighbor, Nigeria. That country has played host for
the Kano I and Kano II Chadian National Reconciliation Conferences. It
is even maintaining a military contingent of several fiundred men at N'Djamena.
Last, it enjoys special relations with the MPLT (Popular Movement for the
Liberation of Chad) and with former president Malloum who, incidentally,
is living in Lagos.
The new masters of Chad, in the course of the last few weeks, have increased
the gestures of goodwill toward Nigeria--in particular, sending delegatiuns
there. The appointment as chief of state of Loi Mohamed Chawwa, a member
of the pro-Nigerian MPLT, perhaps is a part of tliis "offensive of charm"
directed at Lagos. But, for the moment, two vital questions remain: wi11
Nigeria conduct an operation of diplomatic prestige in Chad (active presence
in a theater of African conflict) or one with gecpolitical aims (making a
weak neighboring country a satellite)? Will it decide upon a strategy of
understanding or a confrontation with Libya?
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUPJIA 1979
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IN'1'ER-AFRICAN AI'FAIRS
CAMEROON-EQUATORIAL GUINEA AIRLTNE REnPENS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NEDITERRANEENS in French 20 Apr 79 p 1009
[Article: "Air Transport: Reopening of Connection with Malabo"
[Text] The capital of Equatorial Guinea, Malabo (on Macias Nguema Island),
has once again an airline connection to Douala.
.
The connection between the two countries was discontinued on 1 November 1978)
when LAGE (E quatorial Guinean Airlines) had to cease all activity becauae
its two Convair planes, piloted and maintained by Spanish personnel, were
out o� breath and replacement parts. Cameroon Airlinea, a national company,
took over the route and now provides round trip eervice between Douela and
Malabo every Wednesday morning. The flight is effected by a De Havilland
Twin-Otter, the type of aircraft used on Caraeroon's secondary interior routea.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux eC Cie Paris 1979.
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TNTER-AFRICAIV AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
ETHIOPIAN REINFORCEMENTS FOR TANZANIA--The support of the progressive African
countries for Tanzania was not of a moral kind only. In fact, Mozambican
soldiers had joined with the fighters of vaxious liberation movements to back
up the Tanzanian arrrpr. This decision was made after the announcement by
Tripoli of the sending of Libyan troops to fly to the rescue of Marshall Idi
Amin Dada. Ethiopia, for its paxt, held itself ready to dispatch reinforce-
ments to ensure Julius Nyerere's victory. [Text] [Paris JEiJNE AFRTRUE in
French 25 Apr 79 P 301 11267
TUNISIAN SOLDIERS IN LIBYAN-UGANDAN FORCES--The Tanzanian-Ugandan war has had
some Tunisian victims. Certain young Tunisians, recruited and armed by
Tripoli, were in the ranks of the Libyan expeditionary corps which did not
succeed in saving Idi Amin's regime. [Text] [Yaris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French
25 APr 79 P 301 11267.
FRENCH AID TO CAE ASKED BY HOUPHOiJET-BOIGNY--Giscard d'Estaing has agreed to
aid bnperor Bokassa financailly, after the riots of January 1979, thus yrield-
ing to the entreaties of President Houphouet-Boigny. Thanks to this emer-
gency aid, the emperor was able to pay the civil servants, whose salaries had
not been paid for 3 months. The Ivorian chief of state stated that this was
the last time he would make such a request in favor of his "son" in Bangui.
[Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 25 Apr 79 p 301 11267
SOUTH AFRICAN TRAVELERS TO REITNION--The people of Reunion cannot believe
their eyes: by scheduled or charter flight more and more South Africana--
tourists, businessmen, journalists--have been arriving in Reunion. Five
thousand are expected in 1979. Recently a 3outh Af rican Airways jumbo jet
landed with a large delegation of the Durban Chamber of Comnerce. The
delegation was met by many officials and a gendarmery escort, and the ar-
rival was given favorable coverage by 1oca1 radio-television, which for
20 years has atubbornly refused to give a voice to the local opposition.
At least a third of the population are dismayed at the arrival of these
ambassadors of apartheid. [Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 28 May 79 p 24]
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50VIk'.7' WEAnON5 P(tdM LIBYA Td CIIAUTAN ItEdliLS..Gratetul Chad: Njamena's, nCw
leadpr;s scnt to f~runce specimens Of Snviet weapons delivered nnt long ugn by
Libya tn the Muslim guerril2a movements. In particuler, 5tun 7 portablc gnt!-
airrrnft missiles an~t Kalashnikov assault rifles. 'Chese wedpnns were "pcclrJ"
by arsenul specinlists beforC being transferred to the French military schools,
fnr use in instructing ydusig officers, (Text) (Puris VAL[iURS ACTULLLE5 in
rrench 7 May 79 p 5dj 8946
NIGEaIA PROt'OSES 5UMMIT AN CIiAU--Nigerin is advocating holding m"summit" nn
Ch;;d, after the failure of the Kano 2Conference. purtir,ipating would be the
chia-fs nf state of the neighboring Countries (Nigerig, the 5udnn, Niger,
Libya and Cnmeraon), as well as representatives from the various Chadiun groups.
Nteanwhilr, the Lagos authorities are putting pressure on the African states
not to recngnize the new Njamena government. [Text] [paris JCUNE AFRIQUE in
French 16 hiay 79 p 18] 8946
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CMtEROON
BRIEFS
CRENCN RUaAL ULVELOPlNENT AIn--The Centrgl ECOnomic Cooperatfon Fund (French)
deCided on 26 Aprfl to grgnt Cameroon a loan for 45,200,000 French francs
(2,2600000,000 CFA francs), to finance for the first time an fntegrgtcd rural
development project in the Southeast 9enoue region. Tho project's objective is
to open to internal c.olonization a region rich in agricultural potential wliose
development has however been impeded by onchocerciasis [parasitic infection]
the inadequacy of ineans of communication. Thc progrgm includrs n combinAtion of
complementary actions: preventinn of endemic disease, crention of u network of
trails (400 km in the first stage), social equipment (schools, dispensaries),
well-drilling, technically orienting the peasants and processing of food pro-
ducts (cotton, corn, rice). These actions are the first phase of a development
program to be realized under the aegis of SODECOTON [expansion unknown], a
semi-private company, by the CFDT (French Textile Fiber Development Compeny).
[Text] [Paris MARCEiES TROPICAUX BT WDITERRANEENS in French 11 May 1979
p 1196] 8946
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FoR dFFzciat, usE orrc,Y
CAPE VERDE
BRIEFS
FRENCH FUOD pRODUCmION ASSZSTANCE--The Central Fund for Economic Cooperation
is going to grant ita first loan to the Republic of Cape Verde, in the emount
of 4.8 million French franes. Thie loan will be earmarked for developmenti
of food production in the Sao Nicolau and Santiago islends. This loan,
Which includes a gift component of close to 70 percent, is conjoined aith a
eubsidy from the Aid and Cooperation F1ud (1.2 million French francs), xithin
the fremework of the program of special aid to the countries of the Sahel.
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEN3 in French 11 Meqr 79 p 11861
11267
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F0lt OFFICIAL IJSL ONI.Y
CENT1tAL AFRICAN EMPTRE
BOKASSA TU1tNING TO LYBYA AFTER FRANCE REVISES STAND
Parie JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 16 May 79 p 29
[Article by Jos-Blaise Alima]
(Text) "T1he Emperor Bokaasa hae juet signed the writ of his own condemna-
Cion." It was in theae Cerms that Robert Galley, French Minieter of
Cooperation, is eaid to heve privately commented upon the Central African
decision to lodge a complaint againat France with the next French-African
awamit meeting at Kigali. As a matter of fact the imperial emiasary
caused a sensation by asking the council of minieters, meeting at the end
of April in the Ravandon capital, to enter upon the agenda of the aummit
meeting the "Anti-Central African campaign orchestrated by the French
press." In the eyes of the Central African authorities that campaign ie
noC just tolerated, but encouraged by the French off.icials. Paris naturally
denies thie and emphsaizes the independences of French journaliats. Never-
theless the Central Africon atep has juet confirmed that relations between
� Bangui and Paris are now far from the idyllic ones of the past. It is,
nevertheleae, in large part thanks to the aupport of Preaident Giacard
d'Estaing that the Emperor Bokassa I, has been able, somehow or other, to
contain the popular rage. It is France which, for several montha--at
leaet in part--has been paying the civil servants. Even though it is an
exaggeration to impute to the French presa the unrest (aee JEUNE AFRIQUE,
No 957) which is growing within the empire, on the other handp an agonizing
revieion fo the French poeition is highly probable. Numerous Central
African ministers have followed one another in the French capital, to
gauge the government's basic intention. The situation appeared so digturb-
ing to them that it was decided to encircle, with "muacle," the Central
African colony living in France. ProbatiQnary Central African police came
from Bangui and were dispersed in the Paris suburbs. Supposed overeeer of
this activity: M. DaSilva, whose laeC atay in France coincided with the
police deployment, Minister of State to the imperial court in charge of
party organization and secretary-general of MESAN (Movetent for the Social
Development of Black Africa), he is the master of the party's political
police.
For France's part, it appears certain that the Elyaee ji.e., the President]
will bring together the elders of Bangui, governors during colonial daye,
aad ambassadora aince independence, no doubt t;, contemplate alternative
solutions. 11
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At the game time we see the surprieing return Co the polieical ecene of
Mme nom3tien, former prime minieter, appointed on 12 April ae a court
couneelor with rank and prerogatives of vice-prime minieter. She, who
for a time opposed the decision of the Marehal-preaident for life to
have himselF crowned emperor, passes for a"liberal." Is her rehabilita-
tion g geature aimed at France, intended to provide reassurance in the
face of mounting repreasion? But in this case, is it noC too lete since,
ae far as Paris is concerned, the die ia cast? It is undoubCedly foreeeeing
auch an eventuality thaC the emperor has again turned Coward hia own
alternative aolution: Libya. After denouncing, on 20 February 1979,
alt accords with Libya, this is again an abouC-face. In fact, on 7 April
the Central African Empire reestablished all relationa with Libya. Bur
recene hiAtory demonstrates that Qadhdhafi has not yet aucceeded in
, imposing any man whom he aupports.
COPYRIGHT: Jenue Afrique, GRUPJIA 1979
11706
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CFNTRAI, AFRICAN MiP1RE
ERLEFS
LNFQFtMION NaNISTIIt ARRESTED--fEnpero] Bokasea has had his inPormation
minister aarrested; he accusee him of having been in contac th Soviet
spies. fT-ext] raria PARIB MATCH in Ftench 1 Jun 7y p 81
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CHAD
DAN(3ER OF MAINTENANCE OF 'DE FACTO' PARTITION CONTINUES
Paris AF'RIQUE-ASIE in French 30 Apr - 13 May 79 p 39
[Article by Fode Amadou: "Setback for Kano"]
(Text] It he.d to be expected. Despite a11 the diplomatic efforta made by
numerous chancelleries, the second Kano conference, in Nigeria, hea not pro-
duced any concrete resulta. The Chadian delegatione present were led by
Goukouni Oueddei (FROLINAT), Hissein Habre (FAN [Armed Forces of the North]),
Abdelkader Kamougue (Chadian Armed Forces of the South), Abubakader Abdel-
rahmane (Movement for Liberation of Chad, 3rd Army), supported by Lagos--
Q11 signers of the first Kano agreement--Ahmed Acyl (Volcan exn~y), Abdallah
Danna (other branch of the Volcan arn~y), Aba 3iddick (hiatoric chief and
founding father of FROLINAT), Mohemed Abba and Hagerro Sanoussi, who repre-
sent two uniden'cified tendenciea.
Two significant factora were to be adopted, to judge from reading the com-
munique published at the conclusion of the negotiations. Furthermore, five
African countries--Libya, Nigeria, Sudan, Niger and Cemeroon--had joined with
the various Chadian factions.
1--The creation of a commission of inquiry charged to go to Chad immedia'r,ely
to verify the positions and the respective importance of all the factions
that want to eign the first Kano agreement, concluded last March.
The commission will include a representative of each of the signatories of
the first agreement, a representative of each of the new Chadian tendencies,
and representatives of the five African countries participating in the con-
ference.
2--The decision taken by the Kano II participeats that "all the other Chadian
tendencies mqy not only attend the next conference but mey also sign the first
agreement, if the provisiona seem acceptable to them."
But the differences within the various Chadian delegations remain profound,
for it is obvioue that the Hissein Habre faction would like to maintain a
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gtatue quo enabling it to continue to play a leading role in the m4nagement
of the country, A epokesman for Habre�--who repreeenl;e practically nothing in
Chad--declared that suggeetione had been submitted during the Kano TI negoti-
atione whereby the aistribution of the principal poets in the future govern-
ment would be ae follows: president of the Council--Mohemed Abba, a friend
of the Founder of r'ROLINAT, Tbrahim Abatcha, killed in combat againet the
F'rench colonie.l forcea in 1968 (it was Dr Aba Siddick who was then elected
leader of FROLINAT); vice president--Lt Col Kamougue, listrong man" of the
Malloum regime; foreign affaira--Dr Aba Siddick; national defense--Ahmed
Acy1, chief of a rival faction to Goukouni's within FROLINAT, and a former
deputy from Batha, in central Chad. The chief of state would be, in these
conditiona, Goukouni Oueddei.
The reality of the situation was clearly explained by Dr Aba Siddick, one of
the historic ch3efs of FROLINAT: "It is important," he says, "to widerstand
that Chad no longer exista as a state. One of the immediQte problems ia to
give it body. Some mqy have fun playing gan6leaders or guerrillas, but Chad's
problem is not a question of power relationships, but rather a political prob-
lem. The united FROLINAT (of Goukouni) and former prime minister Hissein
Habre's Armed Forces of the North preaent themaelves as the existing power
in Chad and have refused to sit with the other Chadian representatives--whom
they describe either as unrepresentative or as satellites of Libya--whereas
their attitude is in contradiction with the texts signed at Kano I."
As for the declarations by the N'Ajamena authorities (taken up immediately by
the big Western press and the subservient press) that the Libyan traops had
invaded Chad, the denials by the officials in Tripoli, which asked the send-
ing of Q commission for on-the-spot investigation, were practically ignored
by the big media.
Dr Aba Siddick, for his part, declares that there ia no concrete proof on
the subject of any incursion into Chad by Libyan troops.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
11267
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Cl lAD
~
BRIEFS ISItAELI AGCNT'S MECTING WITH GOUKOUNI--M important person from the Israeli,
5ecret Service (Mossad) recently went to Njamena, whore he met with
Goukouni Oueddei, The Israeli agent promised that an important contingent of
~ Israeli commandos tvould be sent to support tha Goukouni-Hissene klabre clique
in Chad. [Text] [Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 14-27 May 79 p 43] 8946
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GABON
BRIEFS
AU3TRIAN PARTICIPATION--By virtue of an agreement signed by President Bongo
in Libreville on 2 May, the Gabonese state has ceded 9 percent of its share-
holdings in SOMSFER (Mekambo Iron Mines Company) to the Auatrian firm Voest
Alpine. The signing of this agreement is the outcome of long negotiations,
Mr Mbouy-Boutzit, Gabonese minister of state for mines, energy and hydraulic
rei3ourcea, indicated. We note that as of 10 July'1974, the Gabonese state
hel: 60 percent of SOMIFER's shares. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 May 79 p 11971 11267
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GHANA
BRIEFS
LOSS OF IAiP.OP.TED CHEPfICALS--Large quantities of chemicals
imported a year ago which were to be used in the new 8-million
cedis iron and steel foundry at Takoradi have become unusable,
as the plant has not become,operational because of a lack of
the last equipment needed. The foundry should have opened in
April 1978, but since 1976 it has been waiting for funds from
the National Investment Bank to purchase high voltage trans-
formers. The two West German experts responsible for its
initial operation and for training Ghanian workers believe
that the facility itself is threatened because of its prolonged
period of idleness. The plant was scheduled to empl.oy in its
first phase 300 personsg and latert when it relched f.ull pro-
duction capacity, up to 600 workers. ffext7 LParis MARCHES
~ TROPICAUX ET MEDITEPRANEENS in French 27 Apr 79 p 1069 7679
NEW BOATS LAUNCHED, ORDERED--At Viareggio in April, the
Ghanian commissioner for agricultureg Col S. M. Akwagyiramg
launched a new fishing trawlerg the "Tono." This is the third
boat built for the State Fish ing Corporation by the Italian
shipyard Esercizio Cantieri. This shipyard received a contract
for four trawlers and two tuna boats from the Ghanian fishing
organization. Only two trawlers had been launched to date.
Their cost was not revealed. Elsewhere, the TnTest African
Ship Builders, a subsidiary of P4osaic Parquet Productiong Ltd,
a firm specializing in the manufacture of paneling door and
window frames, and furniture, has signed a contract to build
300 flat-bottomed fishing boats nade of local woods for the
Volta River Authority. The bo ats are to be used on Lake
Volta. These boats~ evaluate d at a cost of 12,000 cedis,
should bring in an annual catch of between 6,000 and 7,000 tons
of fish. The West A~rican Ship Builders firm, whose adminis-
trator is M. S. E. Amissah, has construction facilities repre-
sg,nting an investment cost of 2.7 million cedis. LTex~
LParis ARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 ay 79
P 1 137679
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GUINEA
FURTHER LIBERALT'LATION MEASURES IN PRIVATE TRADE
Paris P-IARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Apr 79
p 1063
LTex) Guinea's government authorities have just taken new
measures to liberalize private trade. According to the terms
of these measures, private businessmen are now authorized to
handle imports and exports; until now this sector had been
reserved for the atate company Importex. To engage in this
business, they will have to~ay a fee of 150,000 sylis (ap-
proximately 115009000 CFA ,[African Financial. Community monetary
uni> to the Guinean treasury.
These businessmen may freely import merchandise and goods and
may export cigarettes and fruit juicesg said President Sekou
Touret in a speech to the National Economic Conference of his
country on 22 April.
A second category of private businessmen, a group which must
pay a fee of 509000 sylis, will be authorized to handle sales
, of goods and merchandise and to be supplied by small state
wholesalers.
, .
The Guinean president also stated that bakers and butchers will
form a third category of private merchants; they will be sub-
ject to payment of a fee of 25+,000 and 10,000 sylis, respect-
ively, but they will be exempt from the industrial and com-
mercial profits tax.
The AFP French Press Agency7 thus reported that private
trade, w~ich already existed on-a small scale in Guineag
will extend its activities to the import-export field. It
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will coexist with "popular trade," which holds a manopoly on
grains, dry manioc, peanuts$ coffes, palm and besf products.
President Sekou Toure said that private busineasmen in the
first category will receive permission to export Guinean
products otceedst consuthption~ juices whenever the
7.ove1 of production ex
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1979
7679
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(1UINEA
BRIEFS
OFFTCIAL POSITION RECTIFICATION--It is Moussa Diakite who is presently re-
placing, in the post of minister of economic and financ3al domain, Ismael
Toure, who was expelled from the government on 28 April. He has been men-
tioned as head of this depai-tment by Radio Conakry in the second broadcast
of a report, repeated several times, on a signing ceremony for ar, agreement
between the Guinean government and a French company for construction of a
prefabrication plant in Guinea. In the first broadcast, whose version we
echoed in these pages, Mamady Kei:a was mentioned. Official confirmation
should now be awaited. We note that Moussa Diakite, a member of the politi-
cal bureau of the Guinean single party, has been minister of domain of
interior, security and ,justice since April 1972. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 Ma,y 79 p 11941 11267
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GUINEA-BI9SAU
BRtEFS
FRENCH FISHING COOPERATION--A shrimp boat given to Guinea-
5issau by tne French government Was ].aunched on 27 April at
the naval shipygres of Sables d'Olonne. i'he joi,nt French-
Cuinean fishing firmg SEMAPESCA will soon begiri operatiion.
This information was reporred at the close of the meetinp, of
the jairit cooperation commission on fishing. Guinea-Bissau
a and France signe d an agreement in January 1977. During this
' meeting it was decided that the terms for access of French
ships in waters under the jurisdiction of Quinea-Bisseu will
remain valid until an agreement is signed between Quinea-Bissau
and the EEC. The French delegation~ led by Bertrand Lebrousseg
dep.ty director of fishing) restated its willingness to con-
tinue "o help Guinea-Bissau to develop its fishing industry.
Z'he Guinea-Bissau delegation was led by Jose Turping secretary
of statie for fishing. An EEC delegation, led by Gunter Weisse,
principal administrator of the office of fishing$ also took
part in the meeting. LTex,t] LParis riARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 May 79 p 11227 7679
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MALI
ARAB FUNDS PLEDaE ROAD FINANCINa: 3AUDI HEALTH AYD
Paris MARCHE3 TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEN3 in Freneh 4 May 79
p 1126
guextF The directors of the Arab Fundsg meeting recentily in
wa pledged their organtzations' participation in the
financing of tihe 8evare-tlao road (approximately 575 kilometers)
for a total costi of 30 billion Malian francs, Mr Abdoulaye
Araedou Sy Nglian minister of transport and public works said
on 24 April at Bamako. He had just returned from a mission to
the Arab countrles, where he had borne a message Prom Qen
t4oussa Traore chief of state. The funds involved are the
Kuwait Fund t?expansions Abu Dhabi Fundg he 3audi Fundl the BADEA
and the OPA~P unknown.f Fundg.
On 14 April in Bamakog Ahmed Zaki Saleh, charge d'affaires of
the Kingdom of 3audi Arabia in Mali gave a check for $3 million
(1 �354 billion Malian francs) to Coi Amadou Baba Diarrag vice
president of the Military National Liberstion Committee and
minister of financQ and commerce of 24a1i. This money is to be
used to finance social and health pro3ects.
Thi,s third installment of the Saudi aid program raises the
amount granted to 80 percent of the total scheduled in this
friendly cooperation program established between the two coun-
tries since the reign oF the late King Faisal.
COPYRIGHTs Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1979
7679
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MALI
MULTI-DOOR SELINGUE DAM PROJECT REVIEWED
tondon THE MIDDLE EAST in English No 55, Mr-y 79 p 98
[Article by Karl LgvrencicJ
(Texr) For people in the small village of 5elingue iri Mali, about 150km
south of the capitel, Bnmako, life hae changed radica,tly since work etarted
. on the Selingue dam at the end of 1976.
Most of the able-bodied men have found joba on the eite, many earning caeh
for the firet time in their lives. Women have been able to sell Cheir
surplue fruit and vegetables to the workmen. And the neW 53km asphalted
road connecting the project with the main highway to Bamako has opened up
the once-remote region, encouraging townepeople to come to buy firewood
and other goods.
When the $142mm project opena this August, theYe will be other changes too.
Some 120400 people now inhabiting the aite of the future reservoir will be
settled iri new housing and allocated land irrigated by the multipurpoae
acheme.
It is expected that over 131,500 acrea can be watered along the river Niger
when the Selingue dam, situated on the Sankarani river (an important tribu-
tary of the Niger), is completed. Irrigation all year round will make pos-
eible double-cropping of rice or other crops, providing eome meaeure of
prosperity for thousanda of people now on the brink of sCarvation and
facing drought hazarde.
In addition, the main componenC of the project, the power atation, will
serve Bamako, where modern city life has been made a miaery by frequent
and prolonged poWer cuta.
But, beyond this there are several reasons Why the Selingue dam has
attracted world attention aud has been visited by delegations from
Western countries, China and the USSR. It is one of the few recent devel-
opmeat ventures in Africa t-here no cost overrun has takea place. It is
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alsa onp of Che few in which ehe uriginal implemenCaCinn schedule hge
been stricrly &dhered Co with no construction dplnys of eny kind. IC
ie, Einally, widely rpggrded aa a model nf the celebretpd "tr3angle" nf
WesCern technology, Arab money gnd African nataral resources@
For Arab donors, the gcheme
Commitments Co Black Africg
for gimilar projects. The
ment in Africa (BADEA) has
ae 2% inCerest--the biggegt
nthrr enR Inane heve been
prokhded by the Seudi Develop�
mpnt Fund (S16mn) and the !
Kuweit Fund for Areb
Economic Development
($17mn) togpther with the Abu
Dhebi Fund for Areb Economic
bevelnpmpnt and the Stece of
Qeter. 'I'he Seudi Govemment
~ hae aleo mede e grent at $5mn
~ tvwerda the 63km ecceee road.
~ Cltiee co�ordinadon between
the Arab contributore, who con�
centreted on financing civil
engineering work on the dem,
hae meent etreamlining of calls
for tender and ewarding of con�
tracte. Joint coneultante for the
project are SOCREAH of
France and Lahmeyer Inter�
netionel of West Germeny, who
ere euprrviring w�ork tzrricd uut
by Frcnch, 1Veet Cermen,
Belgien, Cnnndiwn end lncel
companiee.
The reet of the finence hes ~
I come from the African Develop�
ment Bank (511.5mn), the
I Eumpean Development Fund
, a,iJ ihe govemmente of Caneda,
Weet Germeny and F'rence.'Ile
~ United Netiane Development
Pmgremme hes elso pleyed an
~ imporisnt part.
The expericnce geined et
~ Selingue will thue form e besie
I for developments inside and
outside Mali. For Mali in
particuler the acheme hae pro-
viaed a training ground for the
country'e young engineeis and
technicians and employment for
over 1,000 of ite people. Whcn
the Selingue dem ie finiehed thie
worWorce ie likely to move
~ wherever the next dem ie built.
marks one nf thei
end as such it is
Khartoum-bgsed Arab
alone contributed a
single loan it has
r f ixsC ma
oomething
Bank for
long-term
ever made.
In feet, ennettuction of Mali'e
next dem fe eotr~ething that
rbuld heppen vpry ecwn, ae part
of the gient erheme for the
develnpment ot the Senrgel
river, invnlvfng Meli,
Meuritnnia and Senegel end
egein flnanred ta en impnrtant
degree by Areb funde,
One dam te planned under
thie echeme et Diame in the
river delte in Senegei and work
on thie ehuuld begin leter thie
year. Conetruction of e eecond
dem, et Menentali in Melf,
ehould etart In 1980. M in�
vitetion for tende~s has already
been iaeued for the Diame dem,
coeting en eatimated a173mn,
and bids fot Manantsli, coating
en eetimated s490mn, will be
called for leter in the year.
Seudi Arabie, Kuweit and
Abu Dhebi heve I~~~;~~lh~~r
pledged 3218mn to crnfinnnre
the Senegel river echernc wliil(-
varioua intemetionel egenciru,
including the Euru~~enn
Devclupment Funu nuu iiie
African Development Hnnk,
together with Weat Germnny,
Frence and Caneda, heve ctim�
mitted a225mn.
Although thie ie etill ahc~rt nf
the $663mn needed for the fiMt
phese, the plannere in the
Organisetion for the SeneKnl
Rver Development (OMVS) nrr
confident thet the money will
come in the course of projc~M
i mplementetion.
The project wip meke pc~wi�
ble imgetion over eome 7b0,(1(10
acres of the river basin, tuminK
a drought�slricken region inlc)
one of Ahica'e grennries.
Navigation on e 1,000km atrclch
COPYRIGHT: 1979 IC Magazines Ltd.
cso: 4420
25
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~or collective
of a paChfinder
Economlc Develop-
loan of $15mn
of the river wiU elen Mectime
pmible throughuut the yrnr,
, which ie nf epecial irnpxtrlmice
i for lend�locked Mali.
Mnli wns rather dirnp{minled
by a trcent bMVS deci,riun tu
releget,, the hydro�pnwer rum�
puneiic of the Mnnantali dnm
echeme to e eubseyuenl phnsr nf
cnnetruction, But Lnmine
Keite, Mali'e Minfeter for In�
duetriel Developmenl nnd
Touriem and the prime muvcr
behfnd the dem construrtinn in
hIe rnuntry, told The Middlc
East thet there wee no qucsliun
of giving up the plan for 11te
power etation as the country
would acxm be needing encry;v lu
help develop ite miiicrnl
resourcee, including urniiiun,
beuxite, imn and mengnnerc.
Some of the enurces of
funance, including Kuw,iii,
which heve epeciBed pnrt af
their commitment for thc powrr
etation, will now have (c) n~,~nr
for the money to be uaed un
: :her aspecte of the prvject.
A potentielly more rcriaiw
obetacle wae removed In.rt
February, when the {xwrrful
Weat German aid ngcnry.
Kredietenstalt fur
Wiederaufbau, due to cvn�
tribute s90mn, lifted ils
technicel objections to thr
project ae being tai amlitiouw.
Some of the Arab funcir, in�
cluding KFAED, sre mid 1t,
heve been ewayed by tIN,
Germen change of attitudc.
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MALT
BRIEFS
I
FRENCK FOUR-PRON4ED FINANCINtl--Four agreemente, in the form of subsiaiee,
were signed between Ma].i and France in Bamako on 27 April. The firet nf
these agreements relates to the finencing, in the total emount of 1.5 million
F'rench francs--equivalent to 150 million Malian franes--of the second phsse
of the Baguineda Market-Gsr3en Production and Canning operation. The second
concerns the public hea].th aid project (point a hospital in Bamako), for a
total of 8009000 French francs, or 80 million Malian francs. The third con-
cerns the project to support livestock-raising operations in the 3ahelian
zone. It provides finencing for this project in the amount of 400,000 French
francs, or 40 million Mslien francs. The fourth agreement, relating to the
Tilemsi phosphaties project, graata fitiancing of 1.4 million French francg, or
140 million Malian francs, for carryi,ng out the project. [Text] [Parie
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET NEDITERRArTEEaiB in French 11 Me4V 79 p 11861 11267
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FIGURES--Agricultural production for 1978-1979 is
higher then in the preceding yeara, declared Fagnanama Kone, Malian minister
of rural development, on 24 April, as he opened the 19th annual aession of
the National Committee for Agronomic Research (CNRA). Production of millet-
sorghum ree.ched 1 million tons. For paddy, it is cloae to 300,000 tons, and
for cottonseed, 130,000 tona--very close to the Plan's target, Which Wsa
136,000 tons; and for peanuts, it xas 125,000 tons--49 percent less than
provided for in the Plan. Finally, the minister atresaed that "the rebuild-
ing of the livestock herd ia proceeding satisfactoril.y." [TextJ [Paria
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEN3 in French 11 Mq}r 79 p].186] 11267
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,
FoR oFFr.czai. vsE oxLY
PJconESiA
RURAL ECONOMY REPORTED IN DIRE STRAITS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 4 May 79 p 1144
(Article: "Economic Situation Very Precarious in the Rural Zone"]
[Text] The FINANCIAL TTMF.'3 of London reported recently that the Rhodesian
arnq had given the code name "Operation Dinde" to the program it has atarted
to starve out the nationalist guerrillas of the Patriotic Front who have in-
stalled themselves in the rural ereas.
Since theae guerrillas get their food from the black population of the rural
zonea, the arn~y haa atrictly limited the entry of foodatuffs into theee
zones, so that the peasants have available only enough to keep them from
starving to death and thus cannot supply food to the guerrillas.
In the Tribal Trust Lands (TTL), the London daily atates, the mills and shops
have been closed by the army to a very great extent. On the other hand, the
1978 drought raiaes the prospect of serious nutrition problems in the rural
zones starting next August.
A document published by the Rhodesian Catholic "Justice and Peace" commission
on the eve of the elctions declared that in the African rural zones, sowing
had been reduced to a minimum, granariea destroyed, and mills and shops
closed. Z'he curfew, a result of the martial law over 90 percent of Rhodesian
territory, keeps people from giving proper care to the harvests and the live-
stock. In particular, the livestock have not been able to have tick baths
regularly, and checking for tripanosomiasis is no longer done. According to
the commission, 500,000 head of the Rhodeaian cattle herd have thus been loat
in recent times.
The commission also states that malnutrition is developing in the rural areas,
and cites a recent atud,,� involving 2,400 5-year-old children: 17 percent of
them do not have the weight considered minimal for their age in the TTL. The
effects of malnutrition on very young children and the unborn in the xomb
(mental retardation, physical dePects) are presently developing.
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On the other hand, the president of the Rhodesian Medical Asaoaiation hag
d,rawn attention to the deve].opment of epideanf.c diaeases in the rura1 zones.
The "Justice and Peace" commission states that the number of physicians in
the miseiong in the bush (e1l denomtnationg) went from 44 in 1975 to 7 in
March 1979. Hospit a7.s and clinics numbered 67 and 30, respectivel.y, sn 1975;
todey there are oniY 45 and 12. Tn 1979, there are only 4 hospitals with
interns, whereas 4 years previously, there vrere 26.
One thounand one hundred primary schoola have been closed; they hed a total
J of 262 pupil.s (as publiehed). 7'he number of African jobseekers is high, as
is the number of refugees --said to be about 50,000-41eeinA to tha towns. On
the other hend, according to the commisaion, there are 30,000 Rhodesian re-
flxaees in Zembia and 80,000 in Mozembique, and they are fleeing to Botswana
at the rate of 2,000 per month.
On 1 May, the FINANCIAL TINiES publiehed a map of the xones under martial law
and the operational zones in Rhodesia. It showed that except for the
Salisbury-Gwelo-Bulawayo and Salisbury-Kariba exes, the entire country is
under martial 1aw. One nnted two 2ones of operations against the ZIPRA,
Nkomo's army, in the west, and three others against ZANLA [zimbabwe African
National Liberation Armyj, Mugabe's arn~y, in the east. Mother zone, "Salops,"
comprises the environs of the Rhodeaian capital.
A Parallel Administration in the Bush?
Justin Nyoka, former Salisbury correspondent for the OBSERVER of London and
the RAND DAILY MAIL of Jobannesburg, gave e, press conference in Paris on
26 April to report his experience emong the guerrillas, with whom he lived
for several months in 1978.
In what constitutes the only report by ajournalist on life in the rural areas
controlled by ZANLA, Mr Nyoka declared that in the regions he viaited, east
of Salisbury (Nftoko, Buhera) and between Bulawayo and Fort Victoria (Belingwe),
he had sometimes noted the creation of a"parallel administration" at the
instigation of the guerrillas. Especially at Buhera, abandoned by the Salis-
bury administration more than 2 years ago, the peasants recognized an author-
ity and paid taxes to a committee responsible for the organi2ation of daily
life. This committee, according to Mr Nyoka, was directed by a chairman who
was elected by the peasants and who had under his authority various officials
responsible for health, education, agriculture and logistics (=supplies). A
"popular tribunal" is even said to have settled certain matters relating to
disputes emong the peasants about land, and has handed drnm sentences against
"spies" for the signatories of the "internal agreement" of 3 March 1979�
Furthermore, according to the ,journalist, the Western press has also reported
several thousand hectares of maize cultivated by ZANLA in this region, and
recently discovered and destroyed by the Rhodesian army.
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White farmerd and :,,issionaxies are said to have collaboxated with zANI,q In
certain zonea, 7'he roads and bridgea are reported to have been repai.red by
the guerrillas in the regions which they control.
In conc7.usion, Mr Nyoka aiad, Mugabe's forces are reported to fee1 more
secure on Rhodesian "liberated" territory than in Mozambique, where they arp
subjected to air attacks. 4n the other hand, they are aaid to have inqpired
in the black peasants a new devotion to the lands which they have "liberated"
from white colonial domination,
COPYRIGH'I': Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris 1979
11.267
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SBNBGAL
PREMIER CONTINUING ECONOMIC ItECOVSRY PLAN
Paris MARCNES TROPICAUX BT MEDITERRANEENS in French 11 May 79 p 1185
[Text] The prime minister of Senegal, Abdou Diouf has really decided to con-
tinue economic revival policy which was begun in 1978. Ne said it again on
1 May to the delegates from the National Confederation of Senegalese Workers
(CNTS) federation that is affiliated with the Socialist Party in the govern-
ment, who had come to bring him a list of demands.
Mr Diouf stated that the revival would be "vigorous enough to ensure growth."
He added that it was ruling out "unrealistic demands," but not "legitimate de-
mands." Among the latter he cited "maintaining the purchasing power" and an-
nounced that in 1980 the government would adopt a series of ineasures designed
to readjust prices and wages, while continuing to come closer to the truth of
prices.
Mr Diouf intends to ensure the creation of new jobs by implanting new firms rwl
from the modern sector of the economy in Senegal and by greater productivity
in the rural sector. He indicated that his government would continue to call
for foreign aid in order to supplement its investment budget, adding that he
was granting priority to investments that would create jobs, and to social
housing; on that subject, he announced that a Senegalese mortgage bank is soon
to be created.
The principal demands of the CNTS, which conducted a grand march through Dakar
on the occasion of 1 May, have to do with wages and prices, the revalorization
of the SMIG [Interoccupational Guaranteed Minimum Wage], as wsll as pensions,
transportation and housing, and with creating a single national collective bar-
gaining agreement for all workers.
On the other hand, the Union of Free Senegalese Workers (UTLS), which fought
hard against the CNTS in 1978, at the time of the election of business dele-
gates, declared itself in favor of the revised special collective bargaining
agreements.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1979
8946
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SENgGAL
BRIBF5
INDIAN PROTOCOL--India is about to participate in several developments in Sen-
egal, by v3rtue of a protocol on industrial and economic cooperation signed -
on 30 April in New Delhi by the 5enegalese minister of Industrial Development
and Crafts, Cheikh Amidou Kane, and his Indian counterpart, George Fernandes
(see MAItCHES TROPICAUX BT MEDITERRANSENS, 4 May p 1125). The following activ-
ities are concerned in the operation: manufacture of agricultural tools, lightc
tractors, machinery replacement parts, installation of machine workshops and
industrial establishments. Indian aid is also envisioned in the area of food
technology, processing of fruits and cereals, preservation and canning. On
the other hand, Senegal would be able to call upon India in matters having to
do with processing of industrial raw materials and training of craftsmen and
skilled laborers, to the profit of small rural industry. Several Indfan firms,
governmental and privately-owned, as well as a number of other institutions,
would be associated with these cooperation programs. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French ll May 79 p 1185] 8946
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SOUTN AFttI CA
BRIEFS
SECRET CONTACTS WITH PRC--Diploma Cic aourcea in Pretoria confirm that
secret contacte were held recently between South African and Chinese of-
ficials. The latter even led the racista to underetand that they would be
prepared, under certain conditions, to recognize the puppet Namibia and
2imbabwe regimes and to perauade other African atatea to do likewiae.
An important PRC politica].-military delegation is said to have vieited
Namibia recently. [Text] (Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 28 May 79 p 42]
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UGANpA
;
'i
PO5T-LIBEE2ATION PROBLLMS DISCU55BU
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEkNS in Prench 4 May 79 p 1138
[Text] The Ugandan liberation forces, aided by the Tanzanian allied forces,
are continuing to eliminate.~.pockets of resistance formed by the �leeing army of
Idi Amin Uada and it was learned at the end of April that after making sure
they would contro]. Jinja and Owen Falls dam, the Ugandan and Tanzanian forces
had seized the two strategic cities of Tororo and Mbale and had been able to
go ahead with reopening the voad and the railroad line, both of which connect
Uganda with Kenya. Moxeover, telephonic communications between Uganda and tho
rest of the world were reastablished on 30 April after having been interrupted
for two weeks.
Kenya finds it does not know what to do with the refugees who have puured in,
but the Nairobi authorities are still hesitant to make a decision about them,
despite numerous voices demanding that they be extradited. President Daniel
arap Moi even solemnly lied on 29 April, saying that ox-President.Idi Amin's
�ormer adviser, Bob Astles, had been extradited from his country, where he had
been captured.
In Kampala, Mr Lule's new government has recalled all chiefs of diplomatic
mission abroad and he has announced that the former vice-president and Defense
Minister of the ex-marshal, Gen Mustafa Adrisi, who was recently arrested,
would be tried for his "crimes against the nation." He also intends to form an
army "in the service of the people."
As for the ex-narshal himself, no one knows exactly where he is.' But he is
'still being actively searched for.
Finally, liberated Uganda is arousing the solicitude of the West. London,.
Washington, Stockholm and the EEC are already prepared.to.aid.in its re-
construction. Kenya and Tanzania, for their part, are disposed to renew closer
relations with Uganda and already there is talk of reviving the East African'
Economic Community. COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1979
8946
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UGANDA
BFFORTS TO NORMALIZE RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORS RBPORTBD
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX.ET MEDITERRANEENS in Fxench 27 Apr 79 p 1077
[Text] In its efforts to reestablish the country's economic situation while
continuing military operations aimed at assuring it the control of the whole
territory, one of the first initiatives of Mr Lule's government was to send a
high-level delegation to Nairobi to meet with Kenyan leaders. Uganda has al-
ways been closely dependent on Kenya �or its supplies. The reopening of the
Kampala road to the Kenyan border and from there to Mombasa is essential for
Uganda. The fate of the Ugandans who took refuge in Kenya after ldi Amin's
fall must have been mentioned. Some members of the Kenyan government believe
those Ugandans--among whom are several civilian and military leaders of the
former regime, notably Bob Astles, a British native who became a Ugandan citi-
zen, private adviser to Marshal Amin Dada, considered to be his "condemned
soul" and probably responsible for the assassination on last 6 April of four.
Western journalists who disappeared at the time of the fall of Kampala--should
be considered, not as refugees in good faith, but as "fugitives", and should
be sent b ack to the new Ugandan authorities.
Conversations also took place in Kampala between Mr Lule's government and a
Tanzanian ministerial delegation.
The new Ugandan regime, which could never have overthrown President Amin with-
out Tanzania's aid, is thought in Nairobi to be about to attempt to have more
balanced political and economic relations with its two neighbors, whereas,
since Marshal Amin came to power, Dar-es-Salaam and Kampala were ignoring each
other completely.
Thus one could go back to the situation that prevailed when the three countries
were associated within the East African Community. A rebirth of the latter,
which ceased to function de facto two years ago, remains out of the question,
_ but one might envisage a normalization of relations between the three partners;
this subj ect must have been discussed in Nairobi in the conversations between
representatives of the Kenyan and Tanzanian governments.
On the military level, after making sure of Jinja and the bridge, as well as
the dam at Owen Falls, the Tanzanian troops, supported by elements of the
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Ugandun liberation �orces, undertook to continuc their progress toward the
Konyan border on the one hand, toward tlie nortli on t}ie otlier Iiand. This pro-
gress is difficult and slow (it scarcely exceecls 15 km per day)because tho
troops are advancing on foot for luck of vehicles or fuel, and because they
have to clear the villages and roadsides of the remnants o� Idi Amin's army,
especially the Nubians and hawkas who are giving themselves over to massacring
the civilian populations.
ror the moment, the new authorities and the Tanzanian army are only in control
of about half the country. Some Tanzanian officers ostimate that two or t}irec:
months will be needed to clear it entiroly of elements of the former Ugandan
army.
As for Maxshal Amin Uada, according to unconfirmed information circumspectly
gat}iered in London, he went first to Tripoli with the hope of obtaining from
Col Qadhdhafi the military means to reconquer the government. 51iown the daor,
he then went to Bagdad to solicit from Iraq the means that Libya refused him.
It is more tlian doubtful that the fleeing marslial is getting satisfaction. In
fact, it seems that higher-level contacts had taken place between Tanzanian
and Arab representatives during the weeks prior to the collapse of Idi Amin
Dada's regime. Those consultations would have resulted in a compromise on
- Mr Lule's appointment as head of government--he is known for liis moderation--
and the setting aside of Milton Obote, whom the Arabs judge to be too favorable
to Israel.
The All Africa Conference of Churches (ACC) launched an appeal For primary
emergency help of $600,000 for the Ugandan victims of the Amin Dada regime, or
of the war. The ACC estimates at 3,000,000, out of a population of 12,000,000,
the number of Ugandans who have suffered from the former regime and who need
aid. The Sudan, for its part, has asked for international assistance in pro-
viding for the needs of the Ugandans who, according to the Sudanese press
agency are arriving "by the thousands" in the Sudan.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris 1979
8946
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U(}ANDA
COMBINED FOnCES OF EXYIES REOROUP
Ptiris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITEftRANEEN9 in Franch 20 Hpr 79 p 1014
(Article: "Uganda--After the Fa11 of Marshal Amin Dada's Repime")
(Text) The combined force8 of the Ugandan exiles--regrouped within the
UganQan Natiional Liberation Front (FNLO] , whiCh includee not lees than 18
organizationg end movemente--and the Tanxanian arrry eaptured Ksmpala on
11 Apri1 nfter heavy shelling by artillery. The fall of the capital wde
preceded by hpavy Pighting on 5 and 6 April in the capture of the Entebbe
internationul airport, sahere 400 Libyan eoldiere We re killed end a number
of them taken prieoners. The Tanzanian newspapers DAILY NEWS and UHURU
published photographs of the prisonera, thue demoliahing Colonel Qadhdhafi's
denials wherein he refuses to acknawledge hie intervention in support of
Marshal Amin Dada and lending credit to the story, pub liehed by the WeRtern
prese, according to which the Libyan head of state paid a ransom in the tene
of milliona of dollars to retrieve trie prisoners belonging to hie expedi-
tionary forca.
On the morning aPter the fa11 of Marshal Amin Dada's regime9 the new cebinet
named by PreaZdent Yusuf Lule held ite first meeting in Dar-es-Saleam, bnd
weother having prevented the cabinet ministers from traveling to Kempala
until the early afternoon of 13 April. President Lule and the 16 membera
of his government took the oath of office short],y after their arrival there.
It is noted that former Ugandan President Milton Obote is not part of the
new government. He is not very popular among a large number of his country'a
ethnic population, the Bugandans, whoBe kingdo:n he eliminated in 1966, and
moreover, hia personal ties with President Nyerere a Laost made him appeer
to be the Tanzanian president's liegeman and uader the latter's cantrol.
Milton Obote's absence from the new government also enables President Nyerere
to reepond to his detractors who suspect him of having wanted to chase
Amin Dada from pawer in order to reinstate Obote. One of the strongmen of
the new government appeara to be Lt Col Tito Okello, a fonner officer exiled
_ in Tanzania since the failure oP the attempted uprisings in 1972, aho appeara
to have organized and directed the entire military campaign and who was
presented to the crowds by Fresident Lule as the commander-in-chieP of tbe
Ugandan liberation forces.
Immediately upon its arrival in Kampala, the new goverrunent issued an
appeal for the cessation of looting and executions oP former supporters
of the Pallen marshal. Kampala was ravaged by looters. As for the membe rs
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~ af the farmer regime'e adminintratinn nnd arriy, they �1ed in 1arge numbers
to tuke ref'uge in Kenya, where their arrivai in pdning serinug problems tu
the Nnirnbi government, which in requesting United Nutions assigtance to
copy with thie influx of refugees.
tifter pppeasing the genPral stete of mind, wtiich wi11 undoubted].y not be
eaby to do, the new government must turn itis Qttention to rebuilding the
country's economy and, above a11, to reestablishing communiCUtions with
Keriya, thrnugh which virtually nl1 Ugandnn importe and exports muat trangit.
Iti wne nnnounced on 17 April that the new authorities had taken cnntrol of
the city of Jinja which commands the railway tn Kenye, nnd nf the Owen
Fe11e bam which constitutes the sale bridge over the Victoria Nile and at
which ie inetalled the electric power plant that feeds nt the same bime all
of Uganda and part of Kenya. But the route between Kampala and J'i.nja, laced
with forts, was not yet secured becauee of the presence of elemente of
Marghal Amin ngda'e army.
Supplies have not been able to reach the countiy for many days end the
Cupital, like the reat o.� the country, will no', return to normal living
unti] the route to Kenya has been completely _lebred. Accorfling to Western
sourCes, Kampale is awaiting the arrival eoon of urgent international aid
by air.
The same sources inelicate thet inf lation rearhed 700 percent during the last
dtiyg of the regime and that the counterfeit preseea turned out severel
billion shillinga.
The new Ugendan regime is counting on outside eid for its reconetrucLion
tnsk. mhe FEC [European Economic Community) hae alreedy decided to aend u
mission of experts to Kampale to esaess ite most urgent needs. The Weetern
countriea, including America, will probab ly be receptive to Uganda's re-
quests, which it has also addressed to the Soviet Union and the eocialist
bloc with the intent of follawing a nonalinement policy.
As for the immediate preaent, a 8ource of anxiety is the uncerteinty which
atill prevailed at week's end regarding Marshal Amin Dada's intentions.
Totally contradictory rumors are circulating in his regard. The poseibility
cannot be discarded that he may have taken refuge in the northern part of
the country and that he intends to continue the fight. The new authorities,
in fact, are far from being in control of the entire country and may have
yet to face renewed combat in a region where the former marshal can atill
rally loyal followere. Although a major portion of his army hae disbanded,
certain eleroents appear determined to fight to the end. The fact is that
the Tanzanian arrrW, a fbreign arrqy, has carried on the war until now. Pres-
ident Nyerere has afPirmed that his arrty is prepared to leave
the Ugandan authorities request it. But they will remain in
as those same authorities deem its presence to be useful even
peneable.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1979.
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as soon as
Uganda as long
if not indis-
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ZAittE
O1tBITAL COMPANY, MACAZINE, AND LETTER
German Orbital Company and Magazine
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUB in French 16 May 79 p 27
fArticle by Francoie Soudan: "Orbital Traneport and Rocket Company and JEUNE
AFRIQUE"/
ffext/ Badolite, northern part of 2aire, Thureday, 26 April. At the end of
a epecial meeting of the political bureau of the MPR (Popular Movement of the
Revolution), the only party, held in the native village of President Mobutu,
it wae learned that Zaire had just ordered the West German Orbital Traneport
and Rocket Company, OTRAG, to stop operatione "pertaining to reeearch on
and launching of eatellites from Zairian territories."
For us and for you, thet was only official confirmation: five daye earlier,
as a matter of =act, in its Iseue No 955, which hit the neweetande on
Saturday, 21 Aprilo JEUNE AFRIQUE told iCe readers that this Zairian decieion
had already been made and that ae a matter of fact it was made at the start of
the year. "OTRAG vill pull out," we wrote.
However, OTRAG obviously is not in the procesaing of pulling out. Evidence: �
the storm in a tea cup which was etirred up between Paris, Bruasels, Bonn,
Kinshasa, and Munich by the publication of the article entitled "OTRAG WillPull Out" in JEUNE AFRIQUE.
Besieged by numerous phone calls coming from Belgium and German newsmen,
OTRAG President Lutz Kayser, on 25 April, through his Parie atCorney, Maeter
' Paul G$rson, let us have a five-point staCement reproduced below. Thie Was
a rather unfortunate statement eince it opened with the following denial:
"there was no cancellation of the contract between the Republic of ZaiYe and
OTRAG." Now, on the very next daq, the Zairian authorities announced the
decision which ae already kaow about and there is every reaeon to believe
that the Weet German company managers were informed of thia cancelletion for
at least two montha. Coqcerning the other pointa taken up by Mr. Kayser,
nobody is unaware of the fact that OTRAG--treated somewhat like a leper by
the international communiCy, after Iran and Brazil refueed to put it up--is
today experiencing aerious financial difficultiea. The existence of a company
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called "Otra S.A." tn Liectitenetein, ae we11 ae the presgnce, in a private
capaciCy, of the Wegt German MinieCer of Forpign Affaire Hano Dietirich Genecher
on the Manono plateau on 17 May 1977 were underecored by nwnerous western
prese organe in 1977 when the "OTRAG affair" becartw big newe. As for the
"technicgl success" which Mr Kayser speaks aboue, two booster rocket launchee
out o� three made by OTRAG nen be referred to es such; that is not too bgd in
the final analyeis. But dur3ng the third test, which took place in June 1978
in the preeence of President Mobutu and a German televieion corporation, the
rocket blew up after a few yarde because of a failure of a"valves' ae
reported at the time by the Zairian government newe agency AZAPLZairian
Prese AgencY/.
In Bonn, the West German authorities, when questioned by newsmen, did not
conceal their "happy aurprise" afrer the publication of the article entiCled
"OTRAG Will Pull Out."
"We doubCed that Zaire would cancel the contract overnight," a foreign
minietry spokeaman declared unofficially. "Chancellor Schmidt had asked the
President of France to intervene in thie sense with his 2airian counterpert.
ThaC ie a big load off our minde; thie affair had begun to poison our rela-
tions wiCh the countries of the East." To one of our fellow journaliats who
quegtioned him upon Chis "excluei,ve" publiahed in JEUNE AFRIQUEO the epokes-
man added: "JEUNE AFRIQUE is a very well-informed journal."
OTRAG Letter
/Text/ Following the publication in your Iseue No. 955 of 25 April 1979 (p.
28), under the title "OTRAG Will Pull Out," of an article eeriously chal-
leeging OTREIG and Mr Lutz Kayser, its president, I demand that you publieh,
by virtue of my right of response, the following etatementa:
1. There wae no cancellation of the contract between the Republic of Zaire
and OTRAGA
2. The allegation to the effect that OTRAG ie in a ataCe of bankruptcy ia
false and mendacious.
3. There is no euch company as Otrag S.A. at 'Iaduz, Liechtenetein.
4. Foreign Minister H. D. Genacher did not witneas the firet launch of the
OTRAG rocket on 17 May 1977.
5. The three OTRAG rocket launches were technical euccesaes.
Paul Garson, Attorney, Paris Bar
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1979
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ZAIRE
GERMAN AEROSPACE COMPANY REPORTED IN TROUBLE
Parie AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 14-27 May 79 pp 15-16
LArticle by Jack Bourderie: "Ie The Orbital Traneport and Rocket Company
Going Bankrupt?!'7
ffext7 Who hae aufficient influence Co euggest to the
founde.r-preeident to call in his notes?
Early in Auguet 19770 AirRIQUE-ASIE� published the complete text of the agree-
ment which took effect on 6 December 1975 and which wae signed betveen
Mobutu's Zaire and a West German company by the name of OTRAG fOrbital
Tranaport and Rocket Company, Ync_? (see AFRIQUE-ASIE, No 141). Thie con-
tract aseured the company of a territory roughly as big as the FRG, located
on the ehoreg of Lake Tanganyika, Co enable it to create "a vaet operating
area euitable for launching booater rockets into the atmoaphere and outer
epace ae weil as all activities of any kind directly or indirectly connected
with that "
This information immediately produced indignant and virtuoua denials on the
part of the Zairian authorities, along with more or less artificially worried
or intrigued commenCaries from western foreign officee, but above all anxious
reactions from all of the public opinion of the Third World--particularly in
Africa--and demands for explanatione from the progressive regime9.
The French general staff itself seemed worried by a etate of affairs which it
could intl:rpret as one waq of gettiing around the 1945 Potsdam accords barri,ng
West Gennany from engaging in any kind of nuclear rearmament. According
to the Franch daily LE MATIN, the SDECE (Foreign Intelligence and
Countecintelligence Service), at the end of 1978, "asaigned to a French air-
line pilot a eurvey miesion. Air photos were takea in the area coutrolled by
OTRAG and paesed on to the French intelligence services." What did those
photoe reveal that could have perauaded President Giscard d'Estaing firmly
to advise his Zairian huating compaaion, during hie last trip to Paris,
unilaterallq to break a treatq which formally establiahed, in favor of OTRAG,
"the right of excluaive use up to the year 2000?"
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On the orher hand, in Angola$ Zambia, gnd the Congo, the governinenre did
noC like Che idea o� having firing ranges aC rheir very donre--firing ranges,
not a11 of which weYe civilian.
In epite of the reconciliation beCween Kinshasa and Luanda, trouble pereieted
between Che two counCries, for which OTRAG wae not the leaet reaeon. The
"guide" had tried to emoothg the eituaeion over by auccessively inviting the
Preeidenr of Angola to visie him on Che epot and by then sending an Angolan
military miseion tu the area in question; but PreeidenC Neto would not go for
that. Nor did he like the prospect raieed by OTRAG managere ro puC the
ldunch areg under UN control.
All of thege "arrangemenCs" thus could not aecure the support of the RPA
(People's Republic of Angola) for whom the only solution was the pure and
eimple dismantling o� OTRAG.
The German Government in Curn, pressed to establiah diplomatic and commercial
relaCions wiCh Luanda, ran into rejection from Angola.
Certain authorized circlea affirmed Chat the German IMF expert, Erwin
Blumenthal, assigned to the National Bank of 2aire, had discreetly advised
hia government publicly to dieavow OTRAG and to force its managera in
private provisionally to renounce their designa. During his African trip
last July, Chancellor Schmidt hinted that his government was doing everything
to stop thia entire underCaking.
The OTRAG people increasingly realized that working in Zaire wiCh aophiaticated
techniques turned out to be an untenable wager. They had much trouble importing
everything, organizing Che few hundred Zairiane conetituting the man power in
a Draconian fashion; they did not manage to triumph over the corruption, over
the system of simply muddling along, of the tiny acts of sabotage, as well ae
theft which in that country had been raised to the atatua of an inatitution.
It was necessary immediately to atop any further grxft. "Let somebody indi-
cate to me another country that would agree to receive ue and I would pull
out of Zaire tomorrow," less than a year ago confided an OTRAG manager in
private.
Pull out--but to go where? India? Brazil? It doea not seem that those
countries ever expressed any great enthusias-i for this proepect. For obvious
reasons, Mobutu had to be permitted to save face by making it seem thar the
initiative was here.
On 27 April Mobutu thua ordered the OTRAG to stop operations.
Some questiona now arise. As far as Zaire is concerned, what will happen to
the annual utilization lease of 250 million france which were not supposed to
be turned over "until the end of the year during which, following the first
launch of a booater rocket from this territory, OTRAG will have received,
from a client, ita full remuneration in money other than the currency of that
country"--meaning of course Zaire? And what will become of the installations
and investmenta put up by the German engineera?
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Should we think that anoeher agreement hge been drgwn up i.n fin8ncial eerma
and that the two parties wi11 geC together? In that caeg, who could be that
much intereaCed in the Mobutu regime that he could have permieeed the release
o� such eums of money? That is the crux of rhe question. And it continues
to be of interest for the future of the political aituation in the southern
pgre oF Africg.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Afrique-Aeie
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