JPRS ID: 8259 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR RESOURCES

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~7PR5 L/8259
2 ~ebruary 1979
r
TRAP~SLATIONS GN USSR ~ESOURCES
- (FOUO 3/79)
U. S. JOINY PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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NOTC
Jp~t5 publicaCiong cont~in information prim~rily from fnreign
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Cr.c~ngmigsions and brondcases. M~terials from Eoreign-language
gources ~re Cranslated; those from Cnglisfi-l~ngu~ge sources `
~re transcribed or reprittCed, with Che original phraeing and
oeher char~cCeristics reCained.
Eleadlines, ediCorial reporCs, and maeerial enclosed in brackeCs
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_ or [~xcerptj in the firgt line o� e~ch iCem, or following Che
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processed. Where no procegsing indicator is givett, Che infor-
m~tion was summarized or extracCed.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are -
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original but have been supplied as appropriate in coniext.
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iCem originaCe with the source. Times wiChin iCems~are as
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The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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I
_ 1110LIbGkAF'HIC OAYA 1� Itcpo~t No, 2. Recipient'i Acceeeinn No,
SNEET JPRS L/ 8259
u e ~n~ 1u ~ u c S. epo~t atc -
TEUWSLATIONS ON USSit It~SOU~CE5, (FOUO 3/79) 2 Februar 1979
6.
7~ Au~hor(~) 8. per~orming Organizntion Itcpt.
No. _
9. I'crlorming Urg~niaotinn Name and Addre~e 10. Project/T~sk/Wotk Unit No.
JoinC P~abllcaCions Reaearch Service
1000 North Glebe ROad ' il. Contr~ct/Gr~nt No~
Arlington, Virginia 22201
14, Sponaoring Organizuion N~me ~nd Addres~ 1~. Type o( Repocc At Petiod
Coveced
As ebove
IS. Supplemer,tary Notes
- 16~ Abscr~ct~
Thie serial report conCains information on energy, fuels and relaCed equipment;
, fishing industry and marine resources; water resources, minerals, timber, and G
- electric power.
17~ Key Iporda ~nd Documenc Analysis. 7a. Deicriptors
USSR
Natural Resources
- Electric Power
Energy
~nergy Conservation -
F~sheries
~'uels
Minerals
Timber
~ '.,later Supply
~ llb. Identi(iers/Open-Ended Terms ~
_ I
17e. (:O~ATI F'ield/Group SC~ ZO~ ZID~ ZC~ $G~ ZF
I6� .lvail�~b~licy ~tatement 19. Seturity Cliss (This 21. I~'o, o( Paaes
F'OK OFFICIAL USE ONLY. Limited ~:umber of Reporc) 41
Coptes Av.~ilable From JPRS . ecuc~ty C ass (Thia 22. Pticc
P,ae
UNCLASStFtED
~'ONM N111�l: IR\V. l�)JI VlCOMM�OC t~~l7�~71
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= JPRS L/8259 _
2 February 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON USSR RESOURCES
(FOUO 3/79) ~
CONTENTS PAG~
ELECTRTC POWER AND POWER EQUIPMENT
Research in Power Construction
(L, I, Kudoyarov; ENERGETICHESKOYE STRpITEL~STVO~
No 9, 1978) 1
Increaeed Effectiveness of Power Cone~ruction =
(G, A, Denieov~ et al.; ENERGETICHESKOYE STRpITEL~STVO~
- No 9, 1978) 6
FUELS AND RELATEL EQUIPt~NT
M~in Probleme in Strengthening the Raw Material Base on
the Coel Induetry
F, Cherepovekiy; SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA~ Nov 78) 14
_ Proepecte of the Oil- and Gas-Bearing Capacity of "
Carbonate Deposita of the Siberian Platform
(A, V, Ovcharenko; SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA, Nov 78) 24
- a - (III - USSR - 37 FOUO] _
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ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER EQUIPM~IT
- UDC 621.31.001.891 -
RESEARCH IN POWER CONSTRUCTION '
Moacow ENERGETICHESKOYE STROITEL'STVO in Rusaiac~ No 9, 1978 pp 79-80
[Article by Candidate of Technical Sciencea L. I. Kudoyarov: "Problema of
Administering Scientific Reaearch in th~ Field of Power Construction"]
[Text] The decieiona of the 25th CPSU Congresa m~p out the basic directions
_ of intensifying the adoption of key acientific adva~ces in the national
_ economy. They include: Conversion to program-goal planning of acience,
concentration of reaearch on the most promising themes, cost-accounting
organization of reaearch and development, and impxovement of the syetem of `
eco~omic incentive for the aseimilation of new equipment and systeme of
- wages paid to acientific personnel. -
All national economy develupment depends on the country's power base, and
a sector such as power construction determinea the effec~iveness of this
development. .
The resolution of current tasks facing power construction and the transi-
tion to new directions relating to the accelerated construction of AES's ~
and the creation of maneuverable generating capacitiea in GAES's in the
' European regions, the development of a cluster GRES runaing on Ransk-Ach�.nek
and Ekibastuz coal, the construction of large GES!e in Siberia, and also
- the transmission of large quantitiea of electricity over great distances, -
require substantial and c~mpletely new actentific studies.
_ Science, as a modern production force, must be fully involved in the pro-
cess of the reproduction of the power engineering base, fully responsible,
morally and ma~erially, for the res~lts of ac~omplishment of assigned tasks. -
Under the present syatem of planning of scientific resear~h, unfortunately,
science frequently standa aloof froin the resolutton of urgent problems,
and indicators of its effectiveness hardly depend at all on the successfuY
accomplir~hment of assigned tasks.
~ At present, the basic shortcoming in the planning of ecientific reaearch is
the financing and allocation of the wage fund based on the principle of
the actual accompliahed Ipvel and the securing of the completed base. This
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~ lead~ to u eituation in which the regults of previous invesCigatiune and
accompliahmenta are utilized, while not enough attention is :ocused on the _
reaolution of new~ urgenC Caeke. As a reault, ecience becowes inert, pae-
siv~ under conditione of changing situatione in the eector.
In the author's opiaian, ti~e allocation of eppropriatione to eupport ecience =
ehould reflecC long-range capital investmente in t~?e development of indi-
vidual directions. In the next five-year plan, for examplefl it will be
necessary to inveat basic funde in the deaelupment of nuclear~power, the
creation of maneuverable capacities, the construction of large GES'e in ;
regione of low temperaCures and permafroet, and the construction of super-
powerful tranemisaion lines. For thie reason, it ie necessary now to fi-
nance science in auch a manner as to reflecC in percentage8, at least ap-
^ proximately, the prospective distribution of capital iaveetments. Thie _
- will guarantee the concentration of scientific reaearch os~ promieing direc-
tiona; it will make it poaeible to achieve a subetantial national-economy
effect from i.nvestments in ecience.
~ The proper determination of pramieing linea of ecientific reaearch is a com- _
plex task. It can be resolved only on the ba8is of long-range aector ,
planning. At present, all sectors have development plana generally extend-
ing 15 years, and development forecasts even farther into the future. Theee
- must aerve as the basis for determining the neceeeaYy levels and basic direc-
tions which can aerve ae the baeie of the aector's acientific development ;
after a certain amount of confirmation by directive agencies. Plane of
long-cange aector development can also eerve as the basis, and ineeparable _
componCut part, of the long-range plan of development of individual scien- ~
tific efforte.
~
- At preaent, for example, the key hydroengineering i~natitutea--Gidroproyekt ~
[All-Union Ordez of Lenin Planning-Survey and Scientific-Research Institute ~
imeni S. Ya. Zhuk], th~e All-Union Scientific-ILeeearc6 Inetitute of Hydro- !
_ engineering ime-~i B. Ye. Vedeneyev, and the Georgian Scientific-Research
Institute of Power Engineering and Aydxoengi~neering Structures--have already
w~rked oUt euch plans extending 15 yeara in the main ecientific airections. ~
They are baeed on a apecific anlaqaie of the ],o.:~-tange plan of conetruc- ~
tion of CES's up through 1990. The program oi GES cor?atruction includea
about 40 long-range pro~ecta to be built in difierent areae of the country.
An analyais of this program makea it poesible to determine the most promis- _
ing types of hydr~~engineering structuke8 and power equipment, to set forth
specific tssks o:' a technological nature. and to formulate ehe requirements
on other aectors of the national econony vith respect to supplying the .
hydroengineering builders vith mc~dern equipment and mat~riale.
Such long-range plan~ in acience cannot be drawa up correctly without a ~
detriled analysis of the technical level of the aubsector zs of today, with-
out a comparison of the p~anned indi~stors of projects aga~nat eimilar in-
dicatore taken from both Soviet and foreign scientific-technical docuaenta-
tion. The accumulation of data cnaracterizing the present technical level
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mueC be handled by the key inaCiCutes in accordance with a unified procedure.
~'hen theee data must be submiCted Co the aubsector's head scientific-
reaearch institute for ewmnarization and syatematization. At preaent there
is a large number of surveys, card files, and refexence manuals whi~h fre-
quently contain ~he eame informaCion but do not meke it posaible to correct-
ly analyze the sector's ~echnical level. Work on unalyzing the aector's
~ technical level must go on conaCantly rather than being confined ~ust to the
_ time of compil~tion of the 15- or 5-year plan, becauae the dynamics of in- -
dicr~tors of the sector's technical level make it posaible to determine more
graphically the feedback between pl~nning and the development of new equip- -
ment and ita adoption in gractice. ,
~ In this way,.having unequivocal data concerning the present technical level -
_ and proceeding on the analysis of proapective power conetruction, it ia pos-
- aible to determine both the thematics and the volume of neceasary acientific
research. The assembly of aelected ecientific-research themes will make it
poeaible to draw up a aubstantiated five-year program of scientific-reaearch
work for pacl~ acientific direction.
The inclusion of a theme in thie program of pro~ects for the aubsect~r muat "
' be preceded by the compilation of a TEO [Technical-Economic Subatantiation),
w}?ich must include a br3ef description of the pro~ect, procedures for carry-
- ing it out, an analysis of the proapects and timetables for gdopting the
reaulta, and a chart of th~ technical level with indicators of patent clear-
ness and the pro,ject~s economic effectivenesa. In addition, the TEO must -
contain a consolidated calculation of labor outlays on completion of the
pro~ect.
In determiring the range of problems which must be resolved by individual
institutea of the subsector, it is neceasary to take account of the scien-
~ tific profile of their specialiats. In addition, bolder use must be made
of their abilitiea to resolve new tasks facing Soviet acience. In the
aut5or's opinion, in the sector institutes it is most rational to set up a
problem-solving atructure in wl~ich a number of specialiste of differing
profile fn the institute form a collective designed to resolve a apecific
urgent problem. The list of problems laboratories should be revised once
every five years in order to er.hance the creative vigor of the acientiets
and raise their motivation in resolving assigned taske effectively and
promptly.
The experience of the USSR Ministry of Electrical Equipmenf Industry and
Ministry of Heavy and Transpo:t Machine Building indicates that progra~
goal planning yields the maximum effect only when combined with conversion
to the new system of planning, financing, and economic incentive. At
present, the USSR.Ministry of Power and Electrification's Glavniiproyekt
[Mnin Administratiori of Scientific-Research and Planning Organizations) is
~ ~~ctively preparin~ to convert scientific-research, planning-deaign, and
~ technological organizatiana to the new conditions of planning and economic
incentive.
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~�oR nrricint. us~ ornY -
IC muat be admitted that Che lack of aeriality and thc long eime it takea
Co build unique pow~ar fr~cilities make it impoasib~.e to make full use of
the experience of a~iopting the new sygtem in organizatione of the Ministry ~
of El~ctrical Equip~nent Induatry and the MiniaCry of Power Machine Eui'ldin~. 4
But a number of valuable recomnendations worked outgaministraCionfin Chesee
and generalizaCion oF the experience of scientif ic
ministries ahould be studied comprehenaively and utilized. M
The fundamental principles governing the wark under conditione of the new =
system are: Integral planning of the whole cycle of pro~ects, financing of
them from a unif.ied acientific and technical development fund, and making
incentives for c~llectives of inst~.tutea and each scientific worker depen-
dent on th~ naCional economy effect gained by the adoption.
To ensure unified principles of planning at all stages of developmenC and
udoption of nec~~ equipment it ia neceasary to convert from the present sys-
tem of them~tic planning to Che order plan. The order plan for NIOPKR _
- [Scientific-Reaearch and E~cperimental-Deaign Work] is not ~uet a document
specifying the makeup, timetables, and volume of work to be completed but _
also an indispensable part of the institu~ion and
designates theeob~ect ofan ~
- obligatorily stipulates the stage of adop
adoption, the source of financing, and the economic effect of NIOPKR. ,
Depending on the volume of outlays, the order plan muat be approved by the ~
ministry management or the main adn~iniatration involved in the adoption. _
The distribution of pro~ects anwng the coexecutor organizationa musC not
be made at random, at the whim ~f the client, but centrally via the
scientific-~research institute designated as the head inatitute far the par- -
ticular pro~ect or miasion. The order muat be renewed periodically for the
head institutes, and ita implementation muat be monitored closely.
Of even greater imporxance is the centralization of funds in the head
~ organization when carrying out pxo~ects within the framework of vital
scientific-technical problems. To this day a number of. institutes are atill
dealing with petty themes. This is happening not only as a consequence of
the variety of sourcea of finaecing but also because of the poorly-considered
fragmentation of scientif ic directicnality in the activities of sector
institutes, substantial duplicaticm in their efforts, and poor ministry
control over the inclusion of aector inatitutes in adjacent scientific- ,
technical programs. ~
Conversion to the new syatem of onomicnconsiderationseinntheiunified science-
to strengthen the role of the ec
planning-production chain. In the first,link of thia chain it ie necessary
to etrengthen the connection between wages paid to acientific pereoanel and
the r~uccess rate of their labors.
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One meaeure of the success raee of ecientific-reaearch work should be the
extenC Co which its reco~?mendationa are adopted in the practice of power ~
' conatruction and the technical-economic effect gained as a result. "Adop-
- [ion" ahould mean the uae of the resulCa of acientific~research work in
conatruction pro~ecta, in approved technical doaumentation, noriaative-
_ procedural documenta, and certificates of suthorehip.
, An obligatory condition on enhancing the efforta of science pereonnel ahould
= be a competitive aystem carried out on the baeis of Che results of comple-
tion of five-year plana, and the main criterion should be the economic ef- ~
fecei.veness of rhe work done and the reaulta of adoption.
,
_ COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya", "Energeticheskoye atroitel'stvo", 1978 -
6854 ,
CSO: 1822 �
~
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ELFCTRIC POWER AND P~WER EQUIPMEN'r
,
UDC 621.31.001.891
INCREASID ErFECTIVENESS OF POWER CONSTRUCTION -
Moscow ENERGETICHFSKOYE STROITEL'STVO in Russian No 9, 1978 PP ~6'~$
[Articlc by G. A. Denisov, Ye. A. Ge2'man, and Ya. F. Sokolov, engineers:
"Introduction of New Ec~uipment--A Way to Raise the Effectiveness of Power
Conatruction"]
[TextJ At the 25th CPSU ~ngin8etaborc~roductivityein thenconstructioneof ed
the ~ob of subetantially rais g P
_ power facilities--kilowgtt ofdinetalled capacityfandiPerrkilometer8ofein- -
labor outlays per
stal].ed power transmission lines. ~
The re~tuction of apecific labor outlays sh~uconstructionliunit caPacitiesly '
~ increaging capacities of power plants unde
of power equipment (boilers, turbines, reactora, transformers, and so on),
~ and layout designs of power plan~rs in order to shorten utility linea~lock
duce Che number of aeparate buildinga in the power plaat complex by _
' construction, and so on, improving the 8toi~anizationigandfadministration
introducing new and advanced technology, 8
tn the constructuresgof buildingsiand fgcilitiescofintain~anddauxiliary power
nological. etruct
equipment.
Malyefs shows that in the next few years ona of the main ways to booat
labor productivechnolo efinCCOnstructionpandrins allation work hile~simul-
duce advanced t SY
taneously improving structural technological effectiveness.
T1ie d~velopment and introduction of new technology should be accomplished _
through the use of:
advanced integrated technological proceases, scmet3mes requiring changes in _
facility design;
- highly-productive mechanisma deaeloped by Soviet industry;
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- apeci~l machinery for power conaCruction developed and ma*~ufactured by -
organizaCiona und plants of Che USSR Minietry of Power ~nd Electrification -
- , and Soviet Induatry;
new building maCerials.
It should be noCed that in thia regard the Miniatry of Powar and Electrifica-
tion has done considerable work. For example, in capital construction from
- 1974 through 1978 in accordance with approved plans financed from central
- funds for the development of new equipment, 339 items yieldir,g a total eco- ~
, nomic effect of 225 million rubles wer~ introduced, compared with total
outlays of 52.9 million rubles on research and development.
The introduction of new equipment in leading construction and insta~laCion
- organization+s of the Ministry of Power and Electrification has substantially
reduced the cost and shortened the construction timeCable of facilities
while aimulCaneously ~educin~ labor outlays. The introduction of new struc-
tural componenta and technologies of building pile foundations in the con- _
- struction of the Kam~ Motor Vehicle Plant made it possible to shorten the
zero cycle by 1.5 yeara and reduce labor outlays by 500,000 man-days.
The extenaive use of the new technology in pouring concrete mix in the build-
ing of the dams of t~e Cherkeya and Toktogul' GES~s tripled labor productiv-
ity in concrete work.
Gidroproyekt [All-~nion Order of Lenin Pro~ ect-Survey and Scientific-Research
Institute imeni S. Ya. Zhuk] developed floating foundations for crosRing
- aupports of 330-~Ci1~~rolt power lines; these foundations were installed in
2977 in the construction of the Zaporozh'ye GRES--Nikopol' Power Line across
- the Kakhovskoye Reservoir. The economic effect from the adoption of the new �
worka method, comp:~red with the pro~ect plan variant of building around the
- resesvoir, came to more than eight million rubles.
_ Orgenergostroy [All-Union Institute for the Pro~ect Planning and Organiza-
_ tion of Power Construction] developed, and the Kuybyshev Elektroshchit Plant
started the series production of, KTPB [expansion unknown]. In the Ninth
Five-Year Plan, 2,279 35 to 110-kilovolt subs~tation sets were produced,.
_ making it possible to save 16,500 tone of inetal and 8,500 cubic meters of
cement; labor,outlays were reduced by 292,000 man-days. The total ~conomic
effect over the five years came to about 31 million rubles. �
The Minis~ry of Power and Electrification plans the development and intro- ~
duction of new equipment centrally in ca�pital construction. For this pur-
pose, ~ew equipment glans are approve3 every year, one of which calls for
cnnstruction industry enterprises and machine building plants Co start the
- production of new items, while the other calls for new tpchnology in the
' implementation of construction-installation work. Both plans are f inanced
by centralized deductions:from construction-installation organizations and
_ ministry enterprises.
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In addition, every year the ministry isaues ~n Order increasing labor
produrtivity, which stipulatee the basic meaeures involved in introducing _
new equipment und manufacturing new machinery and componenCa in the minis- _
rry's enterprises.
~ This system of planning has a number of drawbacks wh3ch impalr the effective- _
neas of introducing new equipment in capital coneCruction. The plans cgll
only for the devslopment and assimilation of new Cechnologies and components
- by construction-installation organizat~ona. They do not include, plana for i
- the manufacture of the n~cessary experimental models of machin~ry, gear,
and components neceasary for this. Becaus? most of the construction trusts _
do not have sufficiently powerful and well-equipped machine plants or an
adequate system of component acquiaition, the development of experimental -
modela either draga on for years or is never completed. In this way, a
large number of uncompleted although generally effective solutions are ac- _
cumulated. This ia the basic reason for failure to further.develop certain
effective solutions (auch ae~ for example, automatic welding of technological
piping and components, cement and mortar storage facilities that can be set �
up rapidly, and new, economical metal forms), block-built eubstationa that
can be set up ra~idly are not being introduced at a fast enough pace, and
so on. Yet conaiderable funda hav~ been spent on their development.
Another defect in Che present syatem of adopting new equipment is the ab-
sence of adequate, highly-qualified appraisal to determine the effectiveness -
of new equipment designs proposed by the institutes. For this reason, 25
to 30 percent of tha measurea on new equipment for capital construction
_ adoptea by way of experiment from 1973 ;�hra~gh 1977 failed to yield th~ , ~
desfred effect and, for tHia reason, cannot be reco~ended for extensive
adoption in the ~iniatry's conatruction projecte.
A number of experimental models of inechanisms necessary for the adoption of '
. new equipment are not being manufactured on time, which in the 14ng-run leads _
- to delays in the experimental adoption of certain advanced means and methods
of organizing the work in power conetruction. A number of oth~r experimental -
models of components and machinery developed ~nd manufactnred in accordance ~
with the plan of assimilation of new equipment of the ministry's industry '
have not been accepted for series manufacture because of inadequate analysis
of effectiveness.
The use of concrete based on lightweight claydite or aggloporite fillers
far power line supportB makes it posaible to reduce their mass by 20 percent.
Investigation and experimental work on the adoption of such supporta have
been underway in GruzNIIEGS [Georgian Scientific-Research I~stitute of Power .
Engineering~and Hydro-Engineering Structures] sinCe 1975, with the corres- -
ponding~material outlays. But these supports have not yet become widespread
in use.
~ It must be pointed out, moreover, that the system of material incentive
for the adopt~~n of new equipment has not been organized properly. This is
indicated by the fact that only about 20 percent of the items included in
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rox ox~~~ict~u. usc: oNr,Y
the new r.quipmenC d~velopment plnn~ i.n capital con~truction ~re includ~d in
b~iw~ order~, Ho thnt in~ufficlent u~e i~ being ma~f~ of the central bonu~
fund Cor tlie c~e~imilution oE new equipm~ne in the mini~try.
Ttie ministry hae failed tn nrrnnge g eygeem nf extpneiv~ us~ of th~e mn~t
eEfective posgible npplic~tfon~ with reggrd to new t~ehttologie~ of
' Con~truction-in~tnllation work arid gcientiFic and technological advanCes
~lrea~~y as~imilated by oeher minietrieg and departmenCa. .
~or example~ the inaCieutes of the Ministry of Power and ElecCrific~Cinn
are working on several deeigns for the wQlding of nott-rnCating large-di~meeer -
type ~ointe, but Che experience of the Minietry o~ Construction of Petroleum
end Gna Industry eneerpriees is not being veilized sufficiently. Insuffi-
cient use ie being made of. the experience of the congCruction minieCries
wiCti regard ta the adoption of ductlesa heaeing syateme.
According to egtimatea by ministry organizatinng, the annual reduction in
the coet of congtruction of power facilities ehrough the adoption of new -
technologies ~ust according to the plan financed from the central fund
~hould amount to at least 100 to 120 million rublea. In practice, however,
the annual reduction.amounta to a considerably emaller eum. Therefore,
, substantiel imprnvementa are required in Che planning and organization of
' the adoption of new equipment in power facilities.
In order to eliminate Chese defecte and to make more effective use of cen-
tral funds in capital construction and ~.ndustrial activities, the Main
Production-TechniGal Adminiatration for Construction and Orgenergoatroy have
- drawn up proposal8 calling for the development of a unified eystem of plan-
ning applications and the adoption of advanced technnlogiea in construction-
inetallation work, new machinery and equipment, and component items.
They call for the formulation of a unified plan with the following sectione:
development and assimilation of new equipment in capital construction;
development and aseimilation of new equipment in industry enterpriaea;
mnnufc~cture of experimental models of new equipment;
payment of bonusea for the adoption of new equi~ment.
For the plan section financed from the central fund for new equipment in
r,~pital construction. the following are being worked out and adopted:
te~�l~n~logies of conatruction-installation work and experimental models of
effective construction components; -
technologies and gear for the installation of prototypes of equipment;
9
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1'f)It Ul~ I~ f AL U5~ nNLY .
experimental con~onents for a number of pnw~r facilitiee;
non-aeriee and non~gt~ndgrd roachinery, equipm~nt, and gear relating to ehe
- new tecl~nology for eCructural de~ignn of power facility ~tructureg;
~ ~truceureg df pgcka~~-unit and eegeionary buildings for con~truetion basee
and permanent baeeg fnr conetruction indu~try trugts; -
layoue gnd str~zt~~i n gndiadministxation1ofnc natruction~~includingVASUpg. . `
formm of organ
In accordence with chat section winthareldevelopedeandradoptedcentral indue- ~
trial ~ctivities fund, the follo ,q
experimentel models of mgchinery~ equipment, gnd gear intended for series
manufacture; �
instr~u~nental gear and technological procesaes oF its manufacture;
- irprovemente in the technolAgy of item production;
prototypes of st~ndard automatic linea, a18o nea and adv~nced forms of
- organization and adminiatration of production, i.ncluding ASU'a;
normative documents and estimate calculations of prime cnst of manufactur-
ing new itema.
Work completion by all sectiona of the plan is monitored every yeer, and
- timetablee are coordinated as follows.
If the development of an advance technology in construction requirea the
development of new machinery or the modernization of previoua items pro-
duced by induatry, the section of the plan dealing with the assimilation
of new equipment includes the appropriate itema with reapect to the devel- ~
opment of such machines. Converaely, the development and asaimilation of
the production of new conetruction machinery or components are incorporated
in thc plan if it is po9sible to make extenaive use of them on projects
under construction. The section "Aasimilat~on of New Equipment in Capital
Construction" includes the appropriate itema vith reapect to the experi-
mental adoption of neW modele of construction m~chinery and new componenta
in construction. Both aectiona indicate the development, manufacture, and
adnption timecables.
Experience hae ahovn that vhen an experimental model of a new item of equip-
ment ie manufactured at one plant While the e~cperf.mental batch or series of
the eame item ~s manufactured at another, the time neceaeary to introduce
tiie new unit is extended by at lesat one to two years. This circumstaace
must be taken i~to acco~t in the planning of the manufacture of ne~+
machinery. equipment. and compoaents. The proposed object of their adoption
10
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;
~Ott c1~~~r.tnL Us~ dNLY
(conatruction pro~ect, ~ent~rpri~e) must be decided on two year~ before the
item ie r~ali~~d. Veri~icution of ehe workgbility and reliability of
gesemblipe uf machinery, equipment, gnd componenCe nr eechttological pro- _
c~~~eg which require addiCiongl imesCigation prior eu b~$inning the mgnu-
factur~ nf th~ exp~riment~l mod~l~ dr th~ ~xperl.ment~l e~gting~of ehe tech--
nology, ~re al~d tak~~ intd ~ccount in ehe p1~n~~ The m~chinery, equipment,
~nd componentn gre to be te~~ted at the Kuybyehev Experimental-Tegting PlanC,
the Solne~hnogorsk Scientific-~xperimental Complex of nrgenprgoeCroy~ or
other ~xperimental bna~g of the ministry, and are coordingted with the Cime-
tables for ehe produ~tion of experimental mddelg. Specification~ dn ~ompo-
n~nt partg ~nd m~t~ri.~ls for the manufa~ture di the experiment~l model, also
the mgnufacture of an experimental 3atch of ieems, are to be submitted to
Glavenergokomplekt (Main Admi.nistration for ehe Supplying of Complete Sets
t of Power ~quipmenr to Pow~r platttg, 5ubstaeiong, and N~tworkej and Glgvengb
(Main Admini~tration of Mat~rial-T~chnical Supply] by Chp general pro~ect
planner nnt l~ter thgn 1 April of the ye~r preceding the planned year.
In the authdr's opittinn, it aould be advisable to set up a special earmarked
material~reaource fund in the USSR Ministry of Power and LlectrificaCion'g _
' Glavenab end Glaven~rgnkomplekt which could ar any time allocaCe mgterialg
~ gnd component parts for the manufactur~ and introducrion of new equipment.
It ~hould be pointed out that theae purposee Would require not more Chan two `
co Chree percent of the total volume of funds allocated to the ministry for ~
capital construction, and for thie reaeon the propoeal ie quite feaeible.
- This will make it poeaible to regolve more efficiently problems involved in
the adoption and assimilation of nev eq~ipment (at preaent, materials, com-
ponent parts, and equipment for the manufacture of experimental modele of
nes,r equipment are allocated from th~ funds of the client main edministra-
tiona). �
For more efficient p~anning of the adoptian of new equipment, it ia ad-
~ visable to have compoaite and local plana. The composite coordinated plan
for the five-year period (see chart), drawn up on the basis of orders of
conatruction-inetallation organizatione and inetitutes, ig approved by the
~ ministry's management. On the basis of this plan, the client main adminis-
trationa draW up tWO-year local plang. The compogi~e pldn t~umt be spprov~ed _
in the third q~arter of ehe year preceding the planned year, While the -
local plana are to be drawn up in the fourth quarter. ~
The job of coordinating the work of formulating composite plane and sub-
mitting them to GPTU5 (Main Production-Tectm ical Adminietration for Con-
atruction) should be asaigned to Orgenergoatroy, Which is reaponeible for:
organizing the collection of orders on item formulation;
preparing plans of development and assimilation of new equipment;
organizing the conducting of appraisal8 and conclusiona concerning the
advisability dnd effectivencss of itema to be implemented in accordance
With capital conetruccion snd industry plana;
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~OIt C~~'ICIAL US~ ONLY '
Order~ af construcCion
and installc~cion truet~
~
Orderg of inetitute~ Orderg of con~truction
~nd gubuctita of t~iinierry ~ gnd inetallaCion mai~n
of Pnwpr and Electrifica- gdminigtretiang ~
tion ~
~
Coneult~tion on ~evp.ral I~ormulation of compo~ite ;
item~ with GPTUS plan in OrgenergoeCroy
~ '
Bxaminntion of composite
plnn by commiseion of
Minietry of Power and
Electrification _
~
~xamination of composite
plan by CPTUS an~l approval .
by management of ~lini8try
- of Power and Llectritica- ~
~ tion +
~ ~
~ormulation of tWO- Formulation of two-year Formulation of two-
year plan for the plane by client main ad- year plana by in-
manufacture of exp~eYi- �miniatrations for the aCitutes and aub-
mental modela manufacture of experi- unit~ for the draft-
- men~al models ing of pro~ect
- documentation
? + ~
, Iaeuance of plane to Issuance Iaeuance of
manufacturing plants of orders targeta for
? , for the acientific-
Adoption of nev manufac- research
equipaient tutce of aork
experi-
mental
models
5tructure of Formulation of Compoaite Plan for NeW Bquip~nt
annlyzing the effectivenesa of the adoption of ne~+ equipment by completed
pro,iects (tc~ms);
worktnR out specifi~c proposals for the extensive disaemination of advanced ~
experience on other conscruction pro~ects.
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1~0[t c)1~1~'IC;t.AL i15L ~NLY
'Tt~e ndWigubiliey of includ.tng iteme (cnpital construc:tion an~ induetry) in
the ptnn t'or new equipment mu~t be determined by n~pecinl commieeiom m~de
up ~f npprc~pric~te repre~entntiveg of in~titutes, to be designaCed by Che -
mini~Cry'd man~gement.
The rnpid r~soluCion of a11 orgnnixntional problema dea1C with ir_ this '
urticle will make it pogsible ro gubatantially reduce the amount of time
from Che beginning of pro~ect plgnning through to the adoption of new equip- _
ment in power congtruction.
COPYItIGKT: .Tzdgtel'gtvo "Energiya", "~nergeCichpskoye stroitpl'stvo", 1978
- 6~54
CSO: 1822
[
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, i
~~n~t c~~rtc:rrt~, �~SE ONLY
I~U~LS AND 1t~LAT~D ~QUXpM~NT .
UDC 553.94.001.12
MAIN PROBLIINS IN STRENGTHENING TNE RAW MATERIAL BASE OF THE COAL INDUSTRY
Moscow SOVETSKAYA G~OLOGIYA iri RuBaian No 11, Nov 78 pp 14-21 ,
- (Article by V. F. Cherepovskiy, Ministry of Geoloqy of tha USSR]
[Textj A great deal of attentio!~ was devoted in "Main trends of development
of the national economy of the USSR for 1976-1980" to strengtheninq and
expanding the fuel-energy base of the country. The structure of the fuel- -
enerqy balance must be improved and various types of fuel must be effioiently
combined for this (coal, shales, water power and atomic energy must be used ,
more widely along with oil and qae). Further developmerit of o~her branches ;
of industry, agriculture and transport depends on auccessful solution of this
_ moat important problem. .
Coal production should be increased to 790-810 million tona in 1980 compared _
to 700 million tons in 1975 and prospecting for cokinq and energy coal fields
must be intensified, espeaially in the ~iropean USSR. Open-pit aoal mininq
in the eastern reqions of the country should be extenaively orqanized durinq '
the lOth Five-Year Plan and durinq aubsequent years~. It is planned ta acce-
lerate development of the Southern Yakutak coal region and to orqanize opera-
tions for accelerated development of the Kanak-Achinsk Fuel-F.hergy Complex
an~ ~ore complete development of the Ekibastuz Basin to siqnificantly in-
crease the fuel-energy resources in the future, along with development of
existing coal basina the Donets, Kuznetsk, Karaqanda, Pachora and others.
In this regard a larqe volume of productfon and scientific research work
muat be carried out, directed primarily taward strenqthening the mineral-
raw material base of the USSR and toward further improv~ment of the methods -
of prospecting to increase the efficiency of qeoloqical prospectinq work
for coal.
T't?e reserve of proven fields created in all coal basins and coal-bearinq
reqions of the country and of sections for construction of new coal enter-
priaes in total ensure the developa?ent of the coal industry planned for the
lOth and futnre five-year plans. At the same time one cannot but take into
account that the grawth rates of coal mining durinq subsequent years will
increase even more with expansion of the sphere of its use.. This determines
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I
~ ~Uit O~FICIAL US~ ONLY
the need for acc~leratied construction of new a~>al enterprises in proven areas,
the number of which canno~ meet the demanda of developing indus~ry in mos~
basina, according to preliminary calCUlatiiona. The moot significant gap
between the need for coal and tha poeaibility of increeaing mining of it is
axpected in the Europer~n USSR t?nc1 tha~ for coking coai is expected in o~her -
basine. in thie regard it wae planned to prepare a r~serve of proven sec-
tions in 1976-1.980 for to~al capacity of 254 million tons, inaluding 55.3
mi;llion tons~o� cokinq caal, and to confirm reaerves.in the amount of 13.6
billion tons of coal in the GKZ (State Comdniasion on Min~r~l Reeources~ of ~
the USSR. _
Yt should be noted that not enouqh was done durinq the firat 2 yeArs of the
current five-year plan due to irregular diatribution of confirmed res~srves
and due to an increase of proven capacities by yeare for the period 1976- -
1980. Therefore, fulfillment of the geological tasks in coal is the main
requi.rement for the cloaing years of the five-year plan. -
Nigh ratea of geoloqical proapectinq operations are being maintained i1i the -
~oneta Aasin durinq the lOth FiWe-Year Plan. Yt is planned to complete ex-
plorations for cokinq coal in the outlying reqiona (the Southern Donbass),
where new induatirial aections have already been determined. Work in the
eastern regions of the basin must be continued, where new promiainq areas
with high-qualfty anthracitea have been established during the past few
years, whicfi will make it possible to aignificantly expand the raw material
base of this scarce fuel and also to intensify exploration and prospecting
for cokinq coal at deep horizons. It is planned to prepare aectiona with
a total sheft capacity o� more than 40 million tons.
Detailecl proapecting of the larqe Usinsk field of inetabituminous coal for
construction of minea with a total capacity of 9 million tons ie being
campleted in the Pechora Basin. Study of ooal-bearing deposits on the
northeastern edqe of the basfn must be continued here with reqard to the
extremely limited possibilities of developing the mininq of. ~okinq and lean
aqglomeration coal in the European USSR. Specifically, the prospects of the
deep horizons of the Verkhne-Syr'yaqin field of cokittg coal far more cea~plete
geoloqical-economic analysis of it should be refined and explorations for
highly metamorphisized coal in reqio~s adjacent to the Arctic Urals shoulci
also be carried out. Exploration of an area to a depth of 1,200 m containinq
coal suitable for coking is feasible in the Vorqa-Shor-Uainsk strip. Moreover,
geoloqical-comnercial analysis of the qaseous coal reserves of the Pechora
- aeries in the reqion of the Uainak meqasyecline must be carried out durinq
- the next few yearg. Deapite its high ash content, this coal is distinquished
by hiqh heat of combustion (~r of 23,000-25,000 kJ/kg) and can be widely
~ used in power engineerinq.
The posaibilities of increasinq coal mininq have been essentially exhausted
in the Moscow Basin. Ffelds with coal sean~s of reduced sulfur content lying
at depths up to 150 m have been mainly depleted. Preparation of those sec-
tions in which the quality of coal and mining-qeoloqical conditions will be
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~OEt U~~ICYAL U5~ ONLY
similar to exploitiable conditiions ig required ~o maintain the level of mining
achieved (approximately 35 million tons). Construction of de~per mines due
to law-quality coal au~d small size veing is not yet feaeible.
- Z'he coal reserve8 in other well-known basin9 0~ the Europeun part of the
counl:ry Dneprovsk, L'vo~v-Volyn' and in the Qrals are also limited.
Only the no*-thern regions, where Lower Cart~onifesvus, Permiah and partiaily
Jurassic depoeits, atill studiecl extremely weakly, are c~.~valoped, are
apparentily more promieing for c~~termining new payable coal-bearinq areas. :
Further study of Juraesic coal-bearing sedimenta is planned on the eastern
edqe of tt?e Urals, but eatablishment of a sharp subeidence of them taward
the West Siberian lawland limits the posaibility of detenaining fielcls for
strip mining. The moat promising for meeting the neeas of the Urals for
energy fuei, excep~ tt~e Elcibastuz field, ara the fielde of the Turgay easin
in Kazakhstan. It ie planned to complete s~udy of fi~lda, eoonomically more
favorable for ~evelopn~ent, in these regions durfng the currenti five-year
plan. �
The most rapid solution of the prablem of deep concentration and commercial
use of high-aeh ooal is of importarit eignifiCance to increa8e the reserves
of the coking ooal of the Keraganc]a Basin.
i
it ie planned to increase coal mininq from 130 to 160 million tons throuqhout
the Kuznetsk Basin during the lOth Five-Year P1an� Z'!~e plan pr,ovidea for ~
an incret?se in the volumes of the qeological prospectinq work n~ainly to
study reqiona praniainq to detern?ine acarce reeezves o~ cokiaq coal. The ~
moat interestinq in this reqard ia the aouthcasterr? pas~ of the basin,'where ,
a;ide distribution of coking and lean cakinq.coal is asataaed among the thick ,
- veins of the Upper Balakhon Fonmtion, lyinq at depths from 300 to 1,000 m.
Overlapped by rodc of the Kuznetsk anc~ younqer formations� they are ~erY
promisinq for detenaination of aiqnificant resourcee of acarce ookinq coal� ~
The coal of the Lower Halakhon Fonaation on the southweatern edqe cf the _
basin (the Berezovo lield) also taeri~ attention. It is pldnned to coatinue
operations durirtq the lOth Fiva-Year Plan to develop a reserve of lsrqe
sections with metabitwninous cokinq coal and to detes-mine and pro^pect for
new fields for atrip mininq. It is planned to prepare aections for con-
struction of mininq enterprisea with a capacity of 49 millfon tons in the
Kuzbass, which will provide siqnificar~t develapment of coal in this basin
~ with reqard to the existiaq reaervea of prepared aections.
Geoloql~cal prospectinq work in this direction aith regard to the planned
gra,+th of coal mininq rates ahould be intensified in the K~ansk-Achinsk and
Irkutsk basins of Eastern Siberfa, depsite the siqnificant reserve of pxoven .
fields for strip mining. Exploration of new fields for strip mining under
fav~rable geoqraphic vonditioas ar~d also more careful atudy of the quality
of coal auzd the accconpar~yinq minerals are acoomplishe8 for these purposes.
The resources and technological properties of cakinq voal of Sayano-
Partizar~akiy Rayon of Che Kanek-Achinsk Basin must be more depandably ana-
lyzed. "
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Eapecially in~portant attention should ~e devotiad tio l.nveatigations on the
aompl~x uae of minerals: refining of hydrogene~us coe[~, the use of waate
gases in tihe ~hemical industry, liquid fuel produo~3on technology and so on.
A nwnber o~ timely problen~ on expanaion of the mineral-raw material resources
of ~he Arctic regions of 3iberia and tihe Far East is advanced by construation
of the 9aykal-Aniur Mainline Reilroad. ane of ~he firat large obje~~e planned '
gor indu~triai development in the BAM region ia the Sou~harn Yakutek Basin.
T}ie nead for i~a high-quali~y cc+king coa?1 is high. Fulfillment of the plan -
_ on ar~ increaee of the proven reaerves in the Sout~:drn Yakutsk Basin is re-
lated to qrea?ti difficulties due to the law coal density and unexposed coal-
~ bearinq content. Sn this regard a aigni�icant inorease in the volua?es of -
geo],ogicel proepactiing w~ork to refine the proapec~s of the basin and to
_ determine large fielda in Aldano-Chul'mar~akiy and other rayone, more accea-
aible for development,.is provided here in thia r~gard. New sections for
mining enterprises with a to~al capacity of 6 million tona will be axplored
during the five-year plan.
A tenae aituation with fuel resources has developed in the southern regions
of the Far East with regard to depl~etion of the Raychikhinskoye liqnite
field the main supplier of energy coal. The hydrogenous coal proven during
� the past faw years in Amurakaya Oblast (Svobodnoye and Sergeyevakoye
_ fields for strip mininq) have both lawer economic and qualitntive indicatore
compared to tihe Raychikhinakoye field. Z'herefore, continuaCion of wide
exploration far new coal fields in Amurskaya Oi~last and 1Qiabarovakiy and
Primorskiy krnya remains one of the main tasks of qeoloqistg durinq the �
lOth Five-Year Plan. Special attention ahould also be devoted in this case
to regions ad~acerit to the BAM which have still been little atudied geologi-
- cally. We note that the promiainq Lfanskoye coal field, exploration of which -
is planned for completion prior to 1980, has already been discovered in
l~abarovskiy Kray imnediately near the BAM route.
There are esaentially no adequate reserves of proven fields for developme�t
of mininq on Sakhalin. Almost all the fields developed here are distinguished by
a eomplex qeoloc,~ical atructure and mining of them is related to high ~
material expenditures. Moreover, one of the larqest fielda of high-quality
enerqy coal on Southern Sakhalin Gornozavodskoye (Nevel'skoye) has
b~en underexplored up to the present time and hgs not been prepared for
desiqn of a larger mininq enterprise. Complete explaration of this field
will significantly inq~rove the fuel-energy base of Sakhalinskaya Oblast.
Alonq with complete exploration of the indut;trially developed fields of
SaWlalin, it is f~asible durfng the next few yeara to beqin exploration
of adjacent well-known coal-bearing areas to create a reserve for construc-
tion of new modern ~mining enterprises.
The forecasted estimate of coal reserves in the USSR, made in 1968, indicates
the comparatively limited possibilities of sharp expansion of the coal-
bearing areas with cokinq coal in exploited basfna. T'he problem of intensi-
fying qeoloqical prospectinq in scientific research work to study new basins
~ 17
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promiging for determinatiion of larqe tieclinological coal fields, especially
scarce coal cokinq and lean calcing, is pr~eaent in this regard. The exis~ _
- ting need of incluntry for theae types of coal during the next few years end
primarily tio support the ~uropean part of the coun~ry cannot be eati~�ied
withouC creatiion of new raw material bases.
One may conclude on the basis of the completed investigations that de~ermina-
tion of large reserves of cokittg coal ia possible only i.n the northern basins
of the country, o� which the most promiaing ie the Taymyr, loaated in the
immedia~e vicinity of the Northern Sea Route. The Pyasinakoye field located :
in the lawer courae of the Pyagina River, navigable for ocean-going ahips,
should primarily bo stu8ied hare. 'rhe predicted reserves of primarily -
coking and lean caking coal only to a depth of 600 m coa~prisa more than
1 billion tone, and throughout ~t?e weatern part of the basin as a whole
tlney comprise 5 billion tons. Additional investiqations of LOPZ (Leningrad
Oblast Pedaqogical Institute~ of the USSR A,cademy of Sciences t+nd o� IGI
[institute .,f Mineral Fuels] of the Ministiry of the Coal Industry of the _
USSR, carried out in 1974-1976, confina the presence of coking coal here.
It is feasible for the Krasnoyarsk Geological Administration to provide
drilling of two-three lines of boreholea in ~he Pyasinekoye field durinq the
current five-year pl~un in order to obtain dependable data on the quality of
the coal an~ of its proapects. Exploration to determine coking coale aind
estimates of them in the Tungues, Lena and Zyxyanak basins should also be
continued.
It is planned to expand work to analyze the resources of fuel shAlea, etudy
cf which was reetricted for a long time only to industrially developed
~ regions of the Baltic area, aith reqard to the enoxmous aignificance of all
types of fuel for development of the national economy oE the country. The
main task of these investiqations shoulc] be to determine the posaibility of
revealinq large fields of fuel ahales in shale-bearing formations of the
Phanerozoic on the territory of the country.
A large complex of scientific research work for further improv+sn~ent of the
methods of study, search and exploration of fields to increase their effi-
ciency and quality and also to increase the dependability of data must be
carried uut for aucceeaful fullillment of the decisions of the 25th CPSU
Conqreas.
Attention must be concentrated in th~ following main directions in the _
fiela~of science.
Development of the fundamentals of this atudy, which is the theoretical
foundation of a complex of search and prospectinq for solid fuel minerals,
should be continued in the field of study of coal-bearinq formations. All
staqes ~f geoloqical atudy, search, exploration and exploitatioan of coal
basins and fields should be bnsed on concepts o! caal bearinq formations.
The main task of study of the latter in qeneral forn~ia to determine and
18
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.
F'Olt n~~tCIAL USL bNLY ~
~ refine the regularitiies of location, condi~ions of formation, ~he history
o~ development and a11 aulysequent changea. '_'his problem can be formulatied .
more concx$~ely as de~ermination of ~he conditions o~ �ormation and variation
of coal seams, ~heir paragenesis with countiry rock and to determine ~ha -
principlee o� arrangement in space and time. Understanding these principlee
makee it poseible to prediat the coal-bearing content, the behavior of the
coal seams and variation o� the properties af coal on a sound basis in
genetically ~ifferent types of coal-bearing �orma~ions. inveatigations
must be cont3nued to improve the methode of lithological-facial and forma-
tion analyeis, methods of s~udyinq the atructures of fields, conditiona of
forniatian and transformation of orqanic matter, phyair,al, chemical and
_ technoloqical methoda of investigatir~g coal and fuel shales and more atten--
tion should be devote8 to workinq out the genetic and g~~logical-induatrial
clauasification of eolid fuel minerals and to eg~abliahing the regularity caf
arrangement of pe~t, coal eu~d fuel shale fields.
There are important advances in inveatigation of the coal-bearing formstiona
in the USSRs the main principlea of their structure and conditions of formn-
- tion have been established and the real composition end quality of coal of
the main basins has been atudied in general form by methods of coal petro- _
graphy and coal chemistryt the reqularity of the mar:ifestation of regional
coal metamorphism and the epiqenesis of country rock have been eatabliahed
- with high reliability and the principles of development of folding and
- faults and the forms of manifestatf.on of magnatism, clearly zonal in nature,
hnve been studiedi severAl schemes for classification of coal-bettring depo- ~
� aiS:s, basins arid fields have been proposed and the fundamentals of genetic
classification of coal-bearing formations by a complex of genetically re-
� lated features have been worked out. -
� The achievements of Soviet coal geology made it possible to lay the scienti-
~ fic bases for complex formation analyais of coal-bearing masaes in which the
paraqenetic relationships between the main genetic features of coal-~bearing
formations are used: thickneas, phase composition, evenness, coal-bearinq
_ content, the metamorphism of coal and the epiqenesis of country rock, tecto-
nics and magmatiam. Takinq into account and using the variations of these
features are the basis for developing methoda of explorati~n and scientifi-
cally based prediction o� the coal-bearinq nature both by area and by depth.
The term "faxmation" is underatood in most cases abroad as formation, series
and other stratigraphic subdivisions and does not include the concept of
formations as regularly structured geoloqical bodies, accepted by most
soviet coal geoloqiats.
However, there are still many debatable and unresolved questions in all _
fields of coal qeoloqy. Specifically, there is no ~enerally accepted
dPfinition of the concept "coal-bearing formatfon." The phase composition
of coal-bearinq deposits is frequently determined eubjectively and contra-
dictori ly due to the absence of a qenerally accepted method of lithological-
, . phase analysisj much h~s not yet been tied together in the understanding of
evenness (cyclicity) of coal-bearing masses and in establishing the quanti-
tative relationships of it to coal-bearing content, which plays a primary -
19
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ro1Q in predic~ing ~he lattar. Some problems of tihe phenomenon of co~l
meeamorphiem, ~ho role of one or another factors ~preseure, time and so on)
are unclear. All these and other unresolved proble~ms in t,he field of coal ,
qeology require further, more oxtensive study.
' tnv~e3tiqations to d~termine the optiimum density of the exPloration network
in epecific qefllogical-industrial regions of the mai.n basins of the U5SR -
ahould be intenaified in the field of aearch and exploration methods. MariY
problems in the field of exglora~ion mf coal fields must be aolved, as is
said, not so muah in words as in skill. Unfortunatel.y, qeological prospea-
ting orqanizations in some cases proceed along the path of extrenie constric-
tion of the borehole system and a~n increase of the vdlumea of drillinq and
laboratory inveatigat~.ona without inadequate basis for this. in this reqard
saientific ~uatifica~ion o� ~he density of the network at each etaqe af the
. geoloqical prospecting process i~ Prloaical structureWand the mining qeologig -
sufficient informa~ion about th~ geo g
cal conditions of fields. .
As before, the main thinq in aolution of the indicated problems remains
drilling boreholes a method whose resolution is very low. To correct
this situation, aerioua measures must be implen~en+~ed on technical reequip-
ping of drilling operations for a sharp increase of the sinking rate and to
increase the yield of the coro by the mineral. Moreover, the method of
conducting geoloqical prospecting operatione for aolid fuel minerals n~ust
be essentially imgroved aind introduction of the lates~ advancea of qeophyai-
cal, nuclear, electronic and com~uter tiechnAloqy must be accelerated.
One of the tnost important problems of prospecting coal fields is timely
prediction and establishinq fault disturbances in coal fielda'for optimum
_ planning of mininq operations usinq highly efficient mechanized equipment�
The exploration oos~lex, which includea drilling of boreholes and investiqa-
~ tion of them by qeophysical m~thods (loqqing), doea not now provide detes~nina-
tion of disturbances with aunplitude less than 15-20 m, which coa~rise a sig- '
aificant frac~ion of all the disjunctive aepe~ts enoountered in the mine
field.
Geoloqical data on the dislocation of veins acquire very important signifi-
cance at the modern staqe since the veins of al.most dll coal basins are sub-
ject to this process. Widely distributed small faults (with amplitude less
than 10 m) are eeaentially not determine~d even with significant concentra-
tion of boreholes. This is'explai.ned bp the fact that they are located
beyond the ranqe of resolution of the test borehole network. Iaw-amplitude
- displacements remain undatermined even on the drilling lines of so-called
reference profiles. Geophysical inveatiqations must surpass qeological
prospectinq work and must be widely utilized (especially aeismic radioscopy,
radar methods and so on) durinq the period of turninq over Primas7f sectio~s
for operation and exploitation.
There is a need to develop essentially new methods of prospectinq and con-
version frma study of single points to study of an aren by v~lumetric, three- ~
2!"
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ron c~rrrcr~u, usE ot~Y
dimensional methods. The problem of illuminating the interborehole and -
near-borehole space is extremely important. In this regard investigations
must be continued on further improvement of prospec~ing methods, being
oriented mainly ~owax~l geophysics. The Ok~tyabr' granch o� VNYlqeofizika
[All-Union Saientific Research Institute of Geophyaics] in the Kuznetsk
Basin has begun working out me~hods of seismic prospecting to determine and ~
_ trace faults of coal seams in the interborehole space and in mines. Pre- '
liminary da~a. indicate the high potential capabilities of geophysical methods
in increasing thQ informa~ion content of prospec~ing data. However, problems
of predicting tectonic displacement during exploration have still not been
clearly resolved. DonbassN~L [Donbass Scientific Research Labo~atory), `
VNIIgeofizika and production adminis~rations must intc~nsify scientific
reaearch in this field in order to work out dependable procedures and hard-
ware which pern?it an increase of the dependability of determining vein dis-
placements du~ring prospecting. _
Attentfon has now been intensified toward complex development of fields and
implementation of environmental protection measures. Complex coal and -
_ shale refininc~ made it possible to organize industrial production of v~aluable
chemical by-p:-nducts. However, only 60 percent of the resources of by-product
components cor.~tained 3n coal is now being developed (for example, only 0.5
percent of the~ sulfur ts utilized). Methane resources are now taken into
account primaz~ily by coal mining enterpris~s. There is a need for more ex-
tensive study and analysis of the resources of this gas, specifically, the
- objects of stL~dy may become gas-coal (methane-coal) fields. Utilization
of by-product methane will be helpful in the struggle for gasification of =
the mines and will help to improve working conditions.
Investigations to determine the regularities of variation ~f the material
composition and metamorphism, which determine in the final analysis the
_ properties of the extracted fuel, must be intensifie~~ in the area of studying
the quality of ~oal and fuel shales. A lag in study nf the materfal and
chemi.cal composit3on and also of the technological properties of coal delays
solution of the problem of the interchangeability of coal of one basin with
that of another.
Requirements on energy coal for powdered burning in the combustion chambers
of large boiler units where impurities of easily sublimated compounds of
alkali metals have a harmful effect, have increased. Study of the material
composition of this coal must be carried out at the modern level with re-
gard to the need to solve an entfre complex of problems related to that of
utilization of highly mineralized waters and the use of coal of unusual
composition. An example of this complex study is the Bogdanovskoye field
in the Donbass.
Improvement of the methods of determining the optimum c~mplex and volume af
samplinq and study of fuel minerals, which ensure receipt of the universal
characteristics of their quality and all possible directions of use, should
be continued at all stages of geological operations. -
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rox orrzcza~, us~ ornY
Ef�orts mus~ be concentrated in the ~ield of s~udying mi.ning-geological
conditions on improving the methods and tecnnology of gas sampling since
the e��ectivenQSS of inv~stigations of ~he na~ural gas-bearing content nE .
coal seams is still low. Up to SO percent of the sampies are nrna rejected _
becausa oE their nonzepresentativc nature due to the imperfection o� the
- hardware and methods. As a result ~he characteristics of the gas-bearing
content of coal seams by area and depth are of. little value in some cases.
Along with imprcving the existing methods of predicting tha gas-bearing
content of coal fields and the stabilit,y o~ country rock, special attention
should be dQVOted to develapment of inethods of predicting the blowaut danger
of rock and coal by geological prospecting data, improvement of existing and
development of new hardw~re for study of gas-bearing capacity.
New, more ~ffective methods of studying the physicotaechanical properties of -
rock, the geothermal regimes of future mines~ hydrogeological conditions ar.,d
the directi~n of using the water of coal fields mu~t be developed.
Introduction of new methods of studying the borehole profile and interbore- -
hole sp~ce, detailed lithalogical division of profiles, determination of the
- coal complex and the physicomechanical properties o� country rock, determina-
tion of low-amplitude displacement, disintegration and washout of coal seams
must be provided in the field of geophysical investigations. Work to intro-
- duce methods of field qeophysics (seismic, gravimatric, electronic and mag-
netic prospecting) with the use of their results at all stages of geolagical _
operations from determination of new fields to refinement o~ the struc-
tural ~::tails of the mine field or section should be sharply intensified.
The complex of geological-geophysical methods of prospecting to inerease
the completeness and dependability of investigations, primarily on forecas-
ting displacements of coal seams, study of the morphology of seams, the gas-
bearinq capacity and blowout danger of coal and also of country rock must
be further improved and measures to increase the geological and economic
effectiveness of coal operations must be developed, specifically, the reso-
lution oi exploration methods naw used.
Z'his is far from a complete list of ~he problems faced by coal geology. `
Unanimity of science and practice is required no~a as never before. In this
- regard I would ].ike to turn special attention to the need for extensive
study of the enozmous factual materials at the disposal of the science of
exploration practice. The science of coal cannot be successfully developed
without relying on this richest information which requires deep analysis.
Hawever, preliminary processing of incoming materials and core samples are
poorly accomplished in some cases, which leads to a loss of valuable infor-
mation which permits one to recognize and decipher many natural phenomena.
Deep geological interpretation of logging diagrams and a complex approach
to analysis of primary input materials are required to correct this situa- _
tion. We are talking abc~ut joint geoloqical-geophysical documentation and
about combining the efforts of qeologists and geophysicists and their methods
to obtain the maximum information.
_ 22
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N'0!2 (ll~'~ICtAL i15L ONLY
5e~rch-explaratory op~ratl.on~ for coal cen !.n tuxn noti be effec~ive if ~he
dpeaific principlos of forma~ion and spa~i~l nrrangementi of such diverse
cnal fielde in ehdir etiructur~ are not ~aken intio aCCOUt1~ and if progr~~~ive
mothod~ of ~kploretion and tf~e latest hardwn~re which cbntrib~t~ to an in-
cret~se of tlie'lavel of geological prospectiing and acientific reeearch work
are not utilized in da11y practice.
The ~ask poa~d by the 25~h CPSU Congresg for a eiqnifican~ increase of fuel-
energy rasourcee will ba ~c~lved auacessfully. 'Phie will be a weighty cnn-
tribution of mining gaologists to atrangtheninq and development of ti3~e
mineral-~.aw matierial base of the coun~ry.
COPYRIGNTs Izdatiel'gtvo "Nedra", "Sovetskaya geologiya", 1978
6521
CSOs 1822 _
~
23
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~Oit Ui~'~ICIAL U5~ tlNLY
~'U~L5 ANU It~i.J~T~n ~QUII'M~N'~
U~ 553.98~.2(571.5)
P~tO5P~Cm5 dF' 7'NE OIL- ANU GAS-n~11RINt3 CAp~ACYTY OF CAribOtiAT~ b~pO5IT5 OF' TH~
SIg~ftIAN pLAT~ORM
Mo~~ow 50VET51tAYA G~OLOGIYA in fiuegian No 11, Nov 78 pp 22-34
(Article by A. V. Ovchare~ko, Ministry of Geology of the ttSF'5It~
(Text1 Z'he 5ibexiau~ Platform may in Che future becou+e a naw large bage of
the petroleum ar?d qag indugtry. Gag fields have begn digcovered here within
the boundary Meaozoic deprea~iong of the Yanigey-1Q~atar~qa trouqh and the `
Vilyuysk eyneclige. Tha Meao~oic-Upper Pateoxoic Cerrigeneoug deposits are
mainly productive.
Poaitive resulte have b~en achieved during ths past faw 'f~are alonq the
Tungu~aReye syneclise and the t~l~psko-Hotuobinakaya antauliee. ~it~eir area
coc~riges more than ona-third of all the promisinq lands of the Siberian
platform and the profila consist8 of primaril;~ carbonata depoeits of the
Late Riphear~ and Lawer Paleo~oie.
~
several amall oil ar~d gas fields Sukho-~qusskaye? Nizhneletninskoye
and Volodinskoya have been diacov~ered in the Tunqusaksya ayneclise within
the Kureyako-Letninskiy arch. Ztie main hydrocarbon deposits are confinad
to cracked dolanites of the La~ar Cambrian.
oi1 and qas inflaws from dolcanites of Riphean aqe have been found in the
southern part of the Twigusskaya syn~clise in the Kuywabinakaya area. A uare
complete p~ofile pf I.ower Paleazoic daposita hag been rev~aled in the eastern
parts of the Tursgu~akaya syneclise c?t the Vanavarakaya pa?rametric well and !
a pay~nble oil inflow has besn fotmd in this ~rell from the sand~ of the
Motakaya formation.
Ha+ever, the most aiqaificar~t qeological rosults have bean obtair~ed alonq
the Nepska-~otuobinskaya antaclise, within Which the Srednebc~tuobinskoye,
Verkhnevilyuchanekaye an8 Vilyuyek-Dzherbinskoye gas field8 and also the
Markovskoye, Yaraktinskoye ar~d 1~ya~koye ga~-oil fields have been discovered
in the Yakutakeya ASSR and Zrkutskaya Oblast.
24
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~ox o~~icrnL us~ arn~t
I , ~ Ha6op~~~'~ '
~
c~ri=,tamaN~cKUU ~ ?l.~a� npoyu
- npocud ~1~ 5
fi
_ ~t~ _ o.
1~ H -
- .i ia ~ g
~ ~
~ ~ = i rlhOdQpt`~'A~Q~ e. - .
M ~ (2 ~ ' O/rq7l~tdddQ 16
~ ~ , ' ~~~`:dcp4d.
1 10 ~ I
~ a ~ `,~'`-~~A' ~ ~~~~r~~4
0? ~
~.~.=~9-~`` s n� ~ie ~ ~,~'j1`�~;
~ ~~6~ ~ . ~ ~
~c,~ \ ~ ` ~r~ `~�lQ
?
b Q
0~ i.~~~a,pb 9 ~ry tl ~ ~ _
~ ~
. ~'a ~ a t.
- � i i,~' ~i =
' /~p~~ro~n~~rdcx~~;
a~Q ~ -
, tune~WQO~~., ~~O ~ I~ ~ ~2 QJ ~4 ~S
~AM:~Po� h+cxcN (10) ~]s ~ [~9 ~1a
a0~ ~
~ yner+e
o~o n
. e p
0
Fiqure 1. 011- and Gae-B~aring Capacity uf Carbonate Ca~nplexae
of Siberian Plgtform: 1-- qaBroil fields in carbona~e
coatiplex i~ 2-- qae fields in carbonate ocmplex Y=
oil and qas manifegtationss 3-- in c~plex i= 4-- in
con~lex 22j 5-- in coa~lex III= 6-- in complex N=
boundarie~: 7-- of Siberian Platforms 8-- of larqest
structures of sedimentary mantle elements= 9-- of main
arched upliftss 10 eections of the absence of a sedi-
c~entary mantle~ the fiqurea on the chart are the main
arched uplifts: 1-- Kamovekoyes 2-- Vanavarekoyes
3-- Nepskoyef 4-- Mirninekoye= 5-- Suntarskoye=
6-- Ilin~yskoye= 7-- Chun'ekoyes 8-- Gurunskoyet
9-- Bakhtinskoyet 10 Suringdakonskoye= 11
K~ochochumskoye~ 12 Yuktemiyskoyet 13 Ayanekoyei
14 Ledyanskoye= 15 Olenekskoye= 16 Munakoye
KEY;
1. Yenisey-IQlatanga trough 7. Vilyuysk syneclise
2. Leno'At~abar trougll 8. Priaayano-Yeniseyskaya syne-
3. Zvnqusekaya syneclise clise ~
4. Ar~abarskaya antecliae 9. Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise
5. Privicerkhoyansk trough 10. Angara-Lena terrace
6. Vostochno-Yenisey terzace 11. Aldanskaya antecliae
25
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~OEt 0~~'ICIAL U5~ ONLY
~i~he main gag and oii depo~itg in all ~h~ enumerated fi~ldg are confin~d to
gand~~one~ of th~ Lower Cambriiut, Wendian and itiphean, lying at the bae~ af
the e~dimentary mantle. No siqnl.ficane deposira were determin~d in the cai-
bonate profil~~ the fr~ceion of whi~h comprises approximaeely a0 perc~nti of
tihe ~ntire thicknega of tihe gedimenCary mantle (2~000-2,500 m), ~inae geolo-
gicgl prospectinq w~rk was primari~ly orientied toward Low@r pgleo2oic and
W~ndien~itiphean terricreneous deposie~.
- ltowever, geologicai data have appeared clu~ing the pagt few yeare which permit
a higher egeimate of the pro~pect~ of the oil- a~nd qae-bearing capacity of
the carbonate profile of the Siberian P'latform. Tt wag egtablighed that th~
Wendian-Riphean and Lower Cambriar~ carbonat~ depusite of the gedimentary
mantle are univergally developed. They are a thick magg of lime~tones and
dolomites which alternate with salt banchea axposed ovar the enCira area of
the pintform.
Th~ carbona:.e rock ie reqionally oil- and gas-baaring (~igure 1). Oil and
gag feature~ and frequently inflawa of them were ugually noted directly undez
salt-bearinq gtreekg which se~cve as dependabie ~:overs. Local oii- and ga~-
accumulation zones are ~ometimas controlled by streakg of other dense rock ,
argtilaceoue limegtonee bnd dolomites, gepare~ lenaeg of gypstnn, anhY-
drites or salts. Stratiqraphic deposite are knawn where azqiliaceous rACk
plays the role of a shield. ,
F'our oil- and gas-bearing complexes can be distinquiehed in the carbonate
profile of the Siberian Platform (Fiqure 2). The propaqation characteris-
tics ot theee complexes caused by each other indicate aeveral independe3r?t
%,?cles of oil and qas fonn~tion anc] oil and q~ accumulation to which tiie
r.arbonate formations incluaed between reqionai oii an8 qas barriers corre-
spond.
The most ancient oil- and gas-bearinq complex I is represented by Riphean-
tAwer Cambrian cazbonats deposits :.nd teniyr~~~~~ i3 also found amonq
them on sections of intensive dawnwarpiaq. This coenplex is shielded on the
entire Siberien Platform by a 150-meter salt bench in the upper part of the
Usol'skaya formation of the Iawer Cambrian.
Porous-cracked dolomites and lisnestones of Riphean aqe, exposed by deep
boreholes only in the Kuyumbinakoye field, are ~eposited at the base of the
complex. A rather oomplex structure of a Riphean productive mass has been
established here in which aevera~ oil and qas pools are includ~d. Judqinq
by the position of the water-oil and oil.-gas sectiona in the profile, the
pools are hydrodynamically unrelated to each other, which iadicates the
presence of atreaks of dense impermeable rock bet~t+een them wl~ich fulfill
- the role of local oil and.qae barriers.
Riphean limestcnes and dolomites of the Kuy~anbinskolte f~e'.d are distinquished
by a complex structure of porous space. Aa indicated hf samplinq results,
the yields of individual wella ditfer sharply frosa each other. Pzoductive
horizons eseentially do not correlate aven ia adjacent we11s. .
26
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ti ROAOnItl oo ~ Q oi vPlROA E rPt.fOA v
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a ~35 ~ . _ d
a le N * 4 ( -
~ I~ 42 ~ ~ 3
(40 ~ ~ 4 > (43 0 ~ ~46 i
t =r ~
~
o � 4 ' ~l, ~2
. ~ 4 Q4 ~s ,
Figure 2. Comparison Diaqram of Profiles of Carbonate Deposits
of Siberian Plattorms 1-- oil- and gas-bearing _
limestonea~ 2-- limea+:onesx 3-- dolomiteat 4--
ealts= 5 clays ~
I~Y s ~
~ 1. Tnrukh~inskiy Rayon 14. Anqarskaya and Litvintsevskaya
_ 2. Kuyumbinakiy Rayon 15. Anqarekaya and Litvintsevakaya
3. Irkutsk amplitheater 16. Kellorskiy
4. Southwestern Yakutiya 17. Metegerekaya
5. System 18. Bulayskiy
6. Formation 19. Bulayakaya
7. Norizon 20. 8ulayskiy
8. Litholoqical column 21. Bil'chirakaya
9. Oil- and gas-bearing complex 22. Icherakt~ya
10. Letninskaya 23. Bulayskaya
11. Evenkiyakaya 24. Birkinskiy
12. Verkhnelenskaya 25. Charskaya
13. Verkhnelenskaya 26. Olekminskaya
(Key continued on following paqe)
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27. C~mbri~n 38. ogingkiy
2~. iGoatiingkaya 39. Yuryakhakiy
29. gei'skeya 40. Riphean~Wendian-Cambrian ~
30. Bel'eksya 41. Pletonov~kaya
31. Atnvskiy 42. Motskaya
32. Tolbachan~kc?ya 43. Motakaya
- 33. Khri~Coforovskiy 44. Uet'kutiekiy =
34. Usol'skaya 45. Preobrezhet~gkiY
- 35. U~ot'gkaya 46. ~innovekaya ~ _
36. Oginekiy 47. tiipheau~
37. Yuyedayekaya
Carbonate deposita of the Motskaya fornv~tion of ne~ e~ ~r8 ong �~a ,
posited withfn the Kuyumbin~koye field directly o p
dolomit~s aith significant interruptiion in the aedimentary accumulation.
~ormation of er ind~pendenti oil- and gas-bearin5 coa~plex controlled by
Motekgya claye er?d argtlo~tithe Siberian Flatifor~aewhererterrigeneotsg deposita
the Aiphean in tihe pax'
are maintained in it. ,
Carbonate roak of the Motskaya foxznation, revealed in the Kuyumbinskoye _
fie18 directly above RiPhean formations, are follawed over the entire re-
maining territory of the Siberiar? Platform. In thia case their awxim~m?
thickneas t300-400 mi cofncides with zones o! inteneive sediment accumula-
tion (the central r,nrta of the Anqara-Lena bencr? of the Prisayan-Yenisey
syneclise)~ thi~~saections of theeNepskiy7and,KamovakiY~a~ches. _
blieh~d in the uP ,
2he carbonate deposits of the l~otekaya formation ure c.~atinquished by re-
qional oil- and gas-bearing content. 011 a.-:~ gas inflows o~ dilfert,nt
intensity were obe8krved sn ecllseCwithin1theKureyako-Letninskiy
r~~
part of the Tuagua Y Yn
when they were exposed.
~ro productive beds have been detarndneg in~t1'?e~~aen~e Preobrazh nskiypskiy
arch in th= carbonate depoaita of
horizon, from which a 9as intla? with a yield of 62,000 m3/day and a small
quantity of oil have been produced in an area of ~rk~ft~eyf ~~~on.g A e
same~ r~ame. has been determined ir? t1'?e central par
payable gas inflaw could be produced from them only after hydraulic-acid
treetment.
- The Uat'-Kut horizon has been determined in the upper part of the Motskaya
foizaation in the Preobrazhenskaya area. A qae inflow with a yield up linq
7,000 m3/day and an oil inflaw up to 1.8 t/day were obtained upon samP
of it. OiI and qas featurea were also noted in the Markovakaya and Ust'-
Kutskaya areaa�
The greatest numberc~~�nats complex~isfco
gi
ed t� the Ueolfska?ya~formation.
pools in the lare
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- ComparatiiveLy thin b~n~h~~ df rock eal~, which performg tihe role o~ ~ ehieid
for the Pr~obrazhengkiy and Ugt'~Kutiskiy produc~ive horiznng lying below,
hava bsen e~~nbiished in some area~ ati ite bae~. in those locatiion~ where
it ig ab,~ent, featiureg of oi1- and gas-bearing cdtttienti in the upper p~rt nf
' the Motskaya formation have not been established.
oil and gae gre �ound primarily tn the lower part of the U~ol'~kt~ya formation
coneigtiinq of a 100-150-meter thickneae of carbonate rock. Two productive
horizone the Yuryakhskiy ar?d Osinakiy have been determined here. The
Yuryakhskiy horizon hag been establiahed only in the northeastern part of -
the Nepako-gotuobingkaya anteclise in the Verkhnevilyuchanskaya area and
Consiete primar3ly of dolomi~es and dolomi~ized lim~stones approximaCely
20 m hhirk. Gae inflows with yield up to 120,000 m3/day were obta~ined when
_ they were sampled and lnaiqnificant inflows of qasified oil were also not~d
toqether with ges in some caees.
7't~e Yurydlchsk3y horizon is shielded by a 25-meter bench of strongly arqilla-
ceous limeatones, above which geg-satiurated porous-cavernous-crdcked lime-
stonee and dolomitie~ of the Osinakiy horizon are primarily depoaited.
Litholoqically, both horizons do not esaentially c~iffer from each other
and the bench of argillaceous limestonea separating them is not digtributed
everywheret therefcre, the horizon may be regarded as the lawest part of the
Osinekiy oil- and qas-bearing hori~on found on the entire territory of the
Siberian Platform.
Cerbonate deposita of the Osinskiy horizon are located directly under a
thick salt-bearing mags on the greater part of the platform, which providea
dependable ieolation of the oil and gas pools formed in the carbonate rock.
The nature of the collectors is complex and porous-cracked and cracked-
porous-cavernous typea predominate. individual streake or len8ea of in-
creased capacity are usually distributed amonq cracked carbonate rock with
low porosity, as a result of which the productivity of productive wells.
frequently does not correspond to data of field geophysics or core sampling.
Considerable improvement of the collector properties of productive deposits
in the zone of tectonic displacements and also in sections of development
of crqanogenic and aguifer limestones among carbonate rock of the Osfnskiy
horizon has been established by drilled wells. The latter indicates the
poasible presence of riphogenic aystems in the carbonate deposits of the
Siberian Platform.
Z'he greatest number of oil and qas manifestations in deposits of the
Osinskiy horizon wa~ noted in the territory of ~rkutskaya Oblast. This
is related to the larqe volumes of drilling operations carried out here.
Whereas the Osinskiy horizon has been tapped by more than 300 wells in
Irkutskaya Oblast, the number of theae wells comprises 56 and 32, respec-
tively, on the territozy of the Yakutskaya ASSR and Krasnoyarakiy Kray.
Most deep wells which expose carbonate deposits of the Osinskiy horizon have
b~en drilled in the Markovskoye field. Oil inflows with a yield from several
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Many invegti-
tieng of liters to 306 ~/day hav~ been obeai.ned in 16 of them.
gatnr~ axplain rhese di~ferenceg in yields k~y the wide rdnge c~~ varintiion
of tha colleator propertien of the productiive mass. ~n1~~are~linggon ~k?e
as t,he effect of flushing fluids and methods o� tapp g
filtration properties of productiive beds are not taken into account to tihe
proper extent i.n this case. A~ the ~ame Cime work carri~d ouL during ~he
past few years ne Yakutnefteqdxrazvedka and Krgsnoyarskneftegaxrazvedka
trugtg to eatablish the potential capa~ities of the col.lectior bads under
optimum conditiior~s of tapping and ~amplinq of ~hem shawed that the enwneratied
factors considor~bly affecti the productivity o~ ~he wells.
Payable oil and gas ~.nflowa from the Osinskiy horizon were also found in the _
ilimskaya, Potapovskaya, Atovske~!a, Khristoforovskaya. Osinskaya and other
areae. Confinement of oil and gas pools Co local uplifts ia typical for
all of r.hem. Beds of increased capacity have been de~ermined amonq cracked
rock in tapped nrofiles of the O~inskiy hori~on and their thickness and
porosity inc:ease toward the arch.
A qusher inflow of qag with a yisld of more than 180,000 m3/day has been
obtainQd from carbonates of the Ugol'akaya fonaaticn in the Irkutsk area,
Search-explora-
located in the southern, more developed part of the oblast.
eion operatiions carried out previously for terrigeneous deposits of the ,
Motskaya fonaation did not yield posat~ ~g8g~t8ificant flushingrofQthe~
contain oil and gas pools with reqar 5n
profile.
There are far fewer data on the oil- ~a thisbcircn~~~Cent~falreadyinoted
horizon in Krasnoyarskiy Kray. Nowever,
oreviously, does not indicate in i+ny waY the lawer proapects of oil- and ~
Profilea
gas-bearinq content of the described n~ss in the given region.
of Canibrian carbonate deposits for individual wells are rather cle Several
correlated with rxk of the Irkutsk amphitheates of the saa?e aqe� -
promisinq carbonate masaes have also been detenatned in them which are
controlled by thick reqional oil and qas barriers oonsistinq of salt-
bearing formations. ,
As indicated by sam~ling resulte, there is porous rock fav~orable for oil and
qas accumulation in the Osinskiy horizon. A stratal water inflaw with a
yield above 50 m3/day has been fourtd in the Tayninskaya parametric well
upon testing of limeatones of Osinakiy horizon. A characteristic feature
of the profilii ftthasifiedeoilasaturation of~limeatones ofYthe Oainskiy -
syneclise is qh 9
horizon (the Sutyaqinskaya well).
The payable qas content of the Osinakiy horizon has also been established in
the easterr~ part of the Nepsko-HOtuobinskiy antecliae in Yakutiya. Porous- _
cavernous type collectors are widely developad here in the Srednebotuobinskoye
qas fielizat onyof
erimarysdoleanitesl a8 ePlacea~entd�~lic~estones andealso
cryatall P
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organog~nic limeston~~ witih lixiviati3on cavitiigg and cavern~. Gas in~lowe
of diff~rent intensity have been found upon ~amplir.g of them. The maximtnn
yield wae 200,Ob0 m3/duy, but th~ inflowa wer~ nonp~yable in mos~ wa118.
Carbonatie-halogan deposit~ of the gel'akaya formation are located above the
Usol'akaya formmtiton which form tihe oil- and gas-bearing con~~ex rr. The
formation ia divic~ed into three subformationg lower, middle and upper
by;lithdlog3cgl fQatures. The lower dnd middle eubformations consis~ pri- ~
marily of rarbonate roCk up to 400 m thiok. They include the main produa-
tive horizons of thie complex. Halogen-~ulfate formetions of the Upper
gel'skaya gubformatione are noted abov~e which serve as a reqional oil and
gas barrier. 7'his structure of tha Hel'skaya forma~ion ie main~ained in
pra~tically the entire Siberian Platform. Its analoq in Yakutiya is called
the Talbachanskaya formation and the upper parti of the Kostin$kaya formatiion
corresponde to i~ 3n Turukhanskiy Rayon of Krasnoyarakiy Kray.
beposit~ of tihe nel'$kaya formation have been ~tudi~d more in irkutek~yg
Oblant. 2w?o productive horizone hav~ been determined in i~s lawer part
here. The low~r I~risCoforov~kiy horizon is located directly at the base
of the formation and coneistis mai~ly of dolomites with sparse limestone
streaks. ita thicknees is uaually 50-60 m and ig up to 140-150 m in the
northweatern part of the Yrkutsk amphitheater. The 1Q~ristoforovakiy
horizott is ~hielded by carbdnate roak which, unlike the productive profile,
is less cracked and more arqillized.
The oil- and gas-besring content of the horizon was firat established in
the I~ristoforovskaya area, where intensive deqasification of the clay mud
wfth periodic oil discharqes was noted upon tapping of it and a weak oil
~ and qas inflaw was obtained upon sampling. 5uperficial oil and gas mani-
featations upon tapping of this horizon were also noted in the Salykhtinskaya,
Ust'-Kutakaya, Markovskaya, Verkhnetirskaya, Kasatkinskaya and other areas.
Tappinq was accompanied in many cases by intensive absorption of the clay~
mud, which indicates the presence of porous beds.
The Atovskiy productiv~e horizon consisting of dolomites and limestones
up to 45 m thick was determined in the roof part of the carbc~nate profile
of the Bel'skaya formation directly under th~ haloqen formations. Tfie -
secondary porea formed in carbonate rock as a result of their lixiviation
and aulphatization comprised the maia capacity of the productive profile.
Moreover, hiqh porous intervals have been eatablished in different parts
of the productiv~e mass in the profile of the horizon. Their total thickness
_ increases in the arched parts of local uplifts (1Qiristoforovskoye ar~d
Dirkinskoye). In this regard the larqe uplifts are of primazy interest
for oil and qas prospecting in deposits of the Bel'skaya forn?ation.
~ 4'he clearest oil and qas features in the Atovakiy horizon were noted in the
IIirkinskaya and Atovskaya areas. The clay mud was intensiv~ely deqasified
upon tapping of the horizon in the first of them. Gas inflaws with a yield
up to 10,000 m3/day were obtained upon sampling of the horizon. The rock of
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ti.he A~dvskiy horizon ha~ 3.mproved colleetor propertiie~ in all tihe c~rilled
we11s. The horixon does no~ contain gas everywhere in the A~ovgkeya area.
infiows of it were obtained oniy ir~ one of eighti drilled welis.
intnn~ive gas nwnifest~tiions from the Atovekiy hori~on w~re recorded in the
goi'shera~vodnaya ~nd idzrigto~orovskaya ~reas. 5ignl.fican~ ebeorptiions ~up
to 140 m~/hr) of the flushing fluid (well 8,1NikiCakayn~ bf~~elhorixon.
id~ristoforovakay~) were noted in many area~s ~pon tapping
Thi~ ie obviousiy related to the abnorn?~?lly low bed pregaures in the pro-
ductive beds.
The deposi.tie of the Hel'gkaya formation and i~g analogs are widely developed
on the 5iberian Platform, but da+:a on the litho~.oqy, physical-collector
properties and oil- and gae-bearing contant of the productive profile are
based on materials of individtu~l welle tihroughout Krasnoyarskiy Krey end
Yaku~iya. Concepts of the proslpecta of the oil- and gas-bearing oontenC
of the c~rbc~atie profile of Bel'skaya formation are based on fragmentary
data on superficial gas manifeatations upon eappinq by individual paran~etric
welle.
Thus, oorous-cavernous dolamites with numerous inclusions of liquid bitumena
through the microcracks, pores and small caverns have been tapped in the
~rnysskaya test well and in one of the salt-exploration wells drilled within
the Prisayaao-Yenisey ayneclise within the lower and middle parts of the
Hel'skaya formation. A hot qas inflow with yield of approximately 12,000 _
m3/day was obtained upon samplinq of them. 'rkie doloiaites ot the Bel'akaya
format:~n aze also impreqnatecl with bittm~ens in the Fedinskaya paraanetric
well. uil saturation of dolamites of the Bel'skaya fornwtion has also been
eseablished in the eaore northerly regions of Krasnoyarskiy Kray. ~'hus,
oii-iu~regnated dolomites were uplifted from the central part of the fonm-
tion in several wells in the Kuytm~binskoye oil and qas field. Extensiv~e ~
development not only of cracked but aleo of porous-cavernous rock to which
the most inteneive oil and qas manifestations are confined was reoorded in .
this case.
The deposits of analoqs of the Bel'akaya forn~ation the Zblbochanskaya
and E1'ganskaya formations have not been sampled in Yakutiya, althouqh
ofl featuras were noted in the core sample upon tappinq of them in the
Nelbinskaya and Syul'dyukarskaYa Parametric wells. Increased qas indica?-
tions were reoorded simultaneously with this in the latter well upon passaqe
through the upper part of the 4blbochar?slcaYa formation�
Abundant oil saturation of the limestones and dolaaaitea of the Zblbochanskaya
formati.on was established in one of the core-'sample holes drilled to the
north of the Srednebotuobinskoye field. A gas intla+ with yield of approxi-
mately 6,000 m3/day was obtained here fraa the unsePa~'ated mass of the
'rolochanskaya and E1'qanskaya formations.
~ More extensive oil distribution in that part of the Tolbochanakaya formatioa
which is located df rectly urider salt-bearinq formetions ia typical for the
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de~eribed profil~ in Yakatiiya. Be~id~g ~h~ previouely mentioned we11~, ~he
bi~umen conten~ of carbonatie deposi~g wAa notied in the Murbay~kaya perame~ric
weil drilled in the northeaetern part of rhe Nep~ko-gotuabinskaya nnteclise.
The halogen-carbonate formatione of tihe Bel'skaya formation ar~ ovexlapped
everywhere by carbonnt~ rock of the eulay~kaya formation sufficiently main-
tained in ~hickne~g which rompriae oil- and gas-bearing com~lex YTY. The
gat~-bea~ing depoei~a of the Ar~garakaya fonna~ion approxima~ely 200 m tihick
loaated above perform the roie of regional oil and gas barrier.
Carbonates of tt?e Sulaygkaya formation are cheraQterized by ronsiderabie
con~tancy of thirkne~s (120-190 m1 and are found in pra~ticslly the entiire
_ area of the Siberian pla~form. ~imilar depoeits in Wegtiern Yakutiya ar~s
called the Olekminskiy horizcn, while rhe upper part of the Kcstinekay~~
formation also eonsisting of carbona~e rock corresponds to them in the
northwestern par~ of Krasnoyarskiy Kray.
Depoaits of oil- and gas~bearing compiex ii2 have been s~udied in n?ore de-
tail in tha Irkutsk amphitheater, where they have been tapped by more than
350 wells. The Bulayskaya formation is universal~y representad by cracked
dolomites with numerous porous-cracked limestone gtreakg. Thin salt seams
sometimes appeaz am~ng carbonate rock in the more aubmerqed regions. -
Gas-saturated limeatones maintained along the strike, which have been named
the Birkinskiy horizon, have been established in the profile of the
Bulayskaya formation in the 8irkinskaya and 1Q~ristoforovakaya areas of
Irkutskaya Oblast. Gusher inflaws of qas with a yield up to 80,000 m3/day
and condensate with a yield of 7 m3/day hav~a been obtained upon aempling
of them.
Increased gas indications (the Krivolukgkaya, Osinskaya and Potapovekaya)
w~re noted in many areas upon tappinq of Bulayskdya formation. The rock is
impreqnated with liquid gasified oil in deposits of the Bulayakaya forn~ation
in individual wells drilled primarily in the northern part of the oblast
(Markovskaya, Nepskaya and so on). Tappinq of the carbonate deposits of
~ the formation was frequently accompanied by catastrophic abaoYptions of the
clay mud (up to 95 m3/hr), which indicate9 the presence of poroua strata -
in its profi le .
. The prospects of the oil- and qas-bearinq content of the described cnmplex
and in Yakutiya, ahere it is repreeented by limestones ead dolanite~s of the
olekminskaya formetion, have been positively evaluated.
The reqional oil saturation of the Olekminskaya formation has been established
in the northeastern part of the Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise (Murbayskaya
and Syul'dyukarskaya areas). Ho~wever, no oil inflows oould be nbtained in
a sinqle well upan testinq. It is obvious that this was caused by signifi-
cant c~oolinq of the interior of southwestern Yakutiya, where the bed tempera- -
ture at the depth of deposition of the Oleka~inskiy horizon (9A0-1,000 m) does
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not exCeed 2~-4�C. 'i'his circumstiance undoubeedly leads to a significant in-
. crease of tihe vi~cogity of oii in the bed and makea i~ difficult ~o exCraa~
it to the surface withouti using ~ome seconc~ary metihods o� actinq on the
_ bottom zone.
Moreov~r, inteneive qas manifeatations wore noted in ~he aarbanatie mas~
of gul~y~kiy age at the bottbms of eor+~ welle and n gae diecharqe with yield
of more than 300,000 m3/day occurred in th~ Verkhnevilyuchanekoye fiala upon
tappinq of the at~sorption zone confined to the cracked limestonee of thie
complex.
Gas manifestationg from thig canplex wore algo esrablished in tY?e
~ 5yu1'dyukarekaye parametric well and absorption zoneg of the flushinq fluid.
are confined to it in the Sradnebotuobinskoye field, as in the
Verkhnevilyuchanskoye field.
The prospecrs of aii- and gas-beaririq aontent of the gulayakaya forma~ion
in Krasnoyarskiy Kray have been etudied coneiderably less. Thick benchea
of carbonate rock, primarily lin?estone, have been tepped by individual ;
wells. Porous-cavernous dolomites with a sharp petroleum odor were found
in the Tayqinskaya and KuYumbinskaya parametiric welis. The total thickneas
of the oil-saturated rock is approximately 150 m.
Wider development of poroua collector e n ~~e incthe iawer
pnr~oflthe
thickness of halogen for~ma~~ions, inclu q
Angarakaye~ formation, are typical for the carbonnte profile of Kra~enoyarekiy
Krey. :he totai t}?icknees of oil-gaturated limeatonea increased eiqnifi-
cantly in the Kuyumbinskoye fielc] because of ttiis.
~'he cnrbonate profile of the Siberiar~ Platiorm crame the oil- artd qas- -
bearing coa~plex N aith a total thickness up to 600 m. Z1ie deposits of ~
the camplex, dated to Anqarskaye and Litvintsevekoye time, are dev~eloped
almost ur~iversallX a~nd are represented b~Y lime8~ones ly~q ~gillaceous
haloqen rxk atreaka. T'he latter jointly with the uppe
deposits of Yhe Verkholenskaya forntiation perform the role of an oil and gas
barrier. -
Tt?e deacribed atructure of camplex N is easentially preeent over the entire
area of the Siberian Platform. Analoqs of the Anqarskaya and Litvintsevakaya
formetior.s carbonate deposits of the Charskaya, 1Qtar'Yalakhskaya,
Icherskaya and Metegerekaya to=mations are related to productive atruc-
turea within Yakutiya (MirninskiY arch) and the Verkhnekostinskaya aubforma- _
tiion f?hose oil and qae saturation is contxolled by arqillaceous rock of the
Letr~inskaye fosmation, is related to productive structtu'es in KrasnoyarakiY
Kray. ~
Deposits of the upper oil- and qas-bearinq coatplex in Irkutakayn Oblast hav~
bean studied abre. Carbonata roclc comprises a fraction of 150-200 m ai.th
total thickriess of 600 m of the Ar~qazakeya arid Litvintsevakaya fonaations
which cotaprisa it. Zfie lattor are deposited primarily in the uppar pazt of
the deecrl.i~e8 oomplex, alternatinq ~+it?? benchas of 8ulfate-halogen rock.
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Severul productive horizons are localin~d in th~ oarbona~e pro�ile due to
the c~hielding e~fec~ o� g~l~g, anhydrities and gy~aums. The Hil'chirakiy
and KeZlor~kiy horizong and a atiratum of alqal dolomi~es have regionel
dietribu~ion within the oblas~. All the named horizons have much in common
~ in the litihological plan tihey are represented by dolomites and limestones
and porous-oraaked, creoked and porous-cavernous collectors. The produc~ive
horizons are loeAted betiween ~hick benches of rock salts. The latter are
not universnlly distiributec~ and ~oining o� separate horizona into a unified
produ~tiive ~~rbonate masa is pos~ible in sections where their thickness and
ou~ompping dre reduced.
The same oil and gas manifestations as in the more anaient carbonate masses
oil saturation of the cdre sample, absorptiion of fiu~hing fluids and
surface manifes~ations during drilling up to gas aischarges are noted in
tt?e given complex. However, the greater distribution oE gas maiiifesr~tions
with aignificant gas inflows reachinq 100,000 m3/day or more throughout the
area compr~red to the previously conaidered complexea must be noted in this
case.
~ Obvi~usly, such intensive gas manifestations are explained by the shallow =
depths of deposition of productive deposits and by the wide development of
lixiviation of carbonate rock in individual sections, due to which Y.arsk
and improvec] cnllec~or zones are foa~med.
Depoaits of oi].- and gas-bearinq complex N within the northeastern part ot
the Nepsko-Botuobinskaya anteclise in Yakutiya have been tapped by sparse
parametric and core-sampling wells. More extensive development of sulfate- -
haloqen streaks; is typical for them, due to which determination of a large
nwnber of prodt~ctive horizons compared to the Irkutak amphitheater is
posaible in the~ carbonate profile.
, Improvement of the porosity and pern~eability parameters in the lower part of
the carbonate F~rofile fn the Charskaya formation is typical for oil-
and qas-bearing complex IV. The most intensive qas manifestation~ in core-
sampling boreholes, drilled in the immediate vicinity of the
Srednebotuobinskoye field, have been obtained from here. Besides qas satura-
tion, inclusions of solid and liquid bitumens and in aome cases intensive
impregnation of cavernous carbonate rock by liquid ofl have been noted in
the carbonate dnposfta of the Charskaya formation.
Materials on the oil- and gas-bearinq content of the upper part of a car-
bonate profile, related to the Icherskaya and Metegerskaya formations,
are sparser. There are only data on the absorpti~n of the clay mud in the
Nelbinskaya parametric well with intensity up to 5 m3/hr, which indicates
the presence of porous rock here.
Dsposite of the Metegarskaya and Icherskaya formations are characterized
by universal distribution of absorbfng horizons in southwestern Yakutiya.
� A stratal water inflow with qas was obtained upon sampling of one of them
in t,rell 610 of the Verkhnevilyuchanskaya formationt the gas yield exceeded
1,000 m3/d~?y and the water yield comprised approximately 400 m3/day.
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~ 5olid bitumens were noted in the core eample ~aken Prom both formations in
core-sampling and hydrogooloqicul~borehole~s in the im~tediate vicini~y of the
Murbayskaya paran?etric w'ella~iiWa~ rebearing~hori oneaand dete~rmina ions~of
ties upon testing of inclivi
mnthane qas were also observed.
of both horizons were obaer~?ed
Similar gas ma?nifesta~iong during eampling
upon teating of tihe hydrogeological borehole3 also drilled in more southerZY
regions. All these facts indica~es ~e~dgofntt?eir possible oil~and gas' '
Icherekaya and Metegerskaya formntions
bearing content.
Undoubtedly, forniation of oil and gas pools dRpends to a significant de9ree ~ _
on retention not cnly of collectors but also of covers in the profile; since
displacements of the oil and ~q~s~barrii~8 p~s
o�
~e producti ef mass ancl _
oil pools are ~?oesible due to th
of the dense rock overlapping them� '
~he deposits of the upper of1- arid 9as-be8~e5o~~Pdatai n the~ge e alysimiy ~
have essentially not been atud9:ed. There Y
Iarity of the carbonate-halogen profile of the At~garakaya and .
Litvintsevskaya formations of 'the Tungusskaya syneclise and of ~?~n ~arac-
' Angarskaya bench. However, taking into account the previously q ;
teristics of the oil- and gas-beaz'ing content of the upper carbonate complex ~
in Irkutskaya Oblast, one can optimistically estimate the prospects of its
analog in Krasnoyarskiy Kray as we , -
- The given materials indicate~the regional nature of the oil- and qas-bearing ,
content of the carbonate profile of the Siberian Platform. As can be seen ,
from Fiqure 1, its oil and qas saturation has been eatablished in practically
all areas of the reqion where deep'borel~oles liave been drilled. Oil and qas .
features and their payatile inflbws have~been nated in the entire ~~e~oil-
carbonate rock from the Riphehn'to the roof of the Iawer Cambrian.
and gas-bearing content is ccinfined in most cnses to carbona~te rock lying
directly under regional oil'aiid gas barriers. 011 and gas manifestations
have also been found in iridividual~dolomite and lin?estone benches ~sri~a
ed
similar in composition, but with higher density ai'id less cracking,
above them.
Rather contradi.ctory `n~at~rial:S ~ iin tlie' oil- and 'gas-bearing content of the
carbonate profile ~ dra~rs''~tCe~~Ci~h`to' iteelf ~ in= ~hose ~areas ~ where several
deep wel ls have been drilie~:''` r` bil' `or ' gas' features =~aere frequently not ~ ~
established in the preserice~ 8f' oil ~ an8 ggs mat~i�e'st~tions ~ or even of hydro-
carbon inflows from in4ivid'ua3~iritervals in~ one or~ tv~o wells~ in sin?ilar
sections~of the profile of th~ remaininq wells. ManY invest3.9ators ~~ters
- these cases by the absence of persistent strata with high capacity p
and by the developtaent of pritt?~ily'cracked collectors in the carbonate pro~
~ file. However, the previbusly'd'escribed correlat~on of regional oil and
qas barriers and the.persisteiice of individual carbonate complexes and oil- -
and qas-bearing horizons over`ttlb entire~area of.the Siberian platform
- contradic~ these concepts.
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I~UIt (1t~!~ tC1AL USL oN1.Y
'i'he low genloqic~~~ effectiveness o� gtudy of ~he d0scribed prufile ig ex-
plained mainly by tha fact that main attenrion waa devoted for a long ~1mp
to the t~rrigeneous d~posie~ of ~he W~ndian and Riph~~n the base of the
~edimentary mantl~. The carbonatie d~posStg of the I,ower Cambrian lying
- above were drilled m~inly without core sampling and they were eesentiially
- unteated with regard to nverlapping by tiechnical Core ~amples. Study of
tihe oil- and qas-bearing content of the carbon~te profile was also carrisd
out within limitied volumeg during drilling due to the larqe diameters of
the boreho,leg and the absence of ~he appropriate equipment for te~~ing.th~
boreholee.
'I'he carbonate ~epogitg in the boreholee were affectad for a lonr~ time by
_ the driiling r.ud as a reaule of orientation of deep drilling toward the
lower horizore of the eedimentary mantle located in the upper parti c~f the
profile. p~�~etratiion of th~ mud filtrate into the atratum occure as a result
duo to capillary hydrodynamics and the filtration parameters of the etratum
decrease. Since numerous halogen etreaks in ~ha carbonate profile lead to
a eiqnificant increase of miner~liza~ion of th3 drilling mud, the dept}~ of ~
filtratQ psnetration into the stratum increaseg significantily and its
phyaical-collector characteris~ics are ~educed. The volumetric paran~aters
of the atrata also deteriorate due to plugqinq of the porea with slurry and
by formation of an argillaceous crust.
A clear example of deterioration of the filtration properties of productive
horizons due to prolonqed contact of the stratum with clay mud ia Lhe ~e-
sults of testing well 1 of Balykhtinakeya �ormation. A gas inflow with a
yield of approximately 50,000 m3/day was initially obtained in it upon
samplinq durinq drilling of the dolomites of the Khristoforovakiy horizon.
However, no gas inflow was noted into the exploitation column prior to the
tested inten?al after completion of the well by dril'_inq and subsequent
sampling. The results upon teating of the Osinskiy horfzon in the
Srednebotuobinskoye field are similar. Gusher qas inflows with a yield
- up to 400,000 m3/day were obtainPd here immediately after it was tapped
in some wells (wells 9, 36 and sQ on) upon testing of the promisinq profile.
Nowever, the qas inflows decreased significantly upon teating of the eatne
intervals after the wells had been driven to the planned depths ar~d they
were oompletely absent in some caaes (wella 2 and 4).
The situation is aqgravated by the ;Eact that the productive horizona of the
carbonate profile, especially of its upper part, are distinguiahed by a bed
pressure deficit. This leads to absorption of the drilling mud and to sharp
deterioration of the volu~netric parametera of prc~ductive horizons and to
loss of filtration properties.
Besides plugqing the porea by filtrate and slurry, absorption leads to mixinq
of the sodfum chloride of the absorbed mud with natural highly voncentrated
brines. As indicated by the inveetiqations of A. Ye. Zheleznova, A. N.
Zolotov and L. V. Nikolayeva, salt crystals which reduce the porosity and
permeability parameters of the productive bed may be formed due to this
mixing in the rock pores and cracks.
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~ox o~~i~t~~t, us~ ocrt,Y
5ignificane deterioration of the colleoror propertiieg of produative horizans
duriny tapping and samPling of ehem may alsu be caused by precipitatiion of
~he sa~t~ itt the borehale ghafe and bot~am zone of the be~ due eo diaruption
of thermodynamic equilibrium in the interior. S~ ig shown in I1, 2~ tih~t
the bnteom zone around the borehole ~haft fs aooled by the drilling mud ~Q
during drillinq and tegting a~'?d~ah~drin~horizong~containinggbrineslwith `
ga1Cg in the water~bear~nq ~tra
ga~ or oil may algo precipieata out ag a r~s�alt of Che effect af both faGtar~
in the borehole ~,~?aft and bot~om zone of t~,e bQd.
Intengive satur~tion of the productive carb~nate profile by a filtrate of
hiqhly mineralized drilling mud leada to distor~ion of the true cct~?ercial-
geophysical characteriseics of otl- and gas-bearing horizons and to approxi-
mation of it to t~?e parameters of water-bearinq ~tratia. Because of this
frequentily promieinq intervals of the profilQ in the welle were noti de~er-
minad by field-qeophyeical methode and ware not tested in time.
All thi~ e~cplains why larqe oil and gas pools have not yet been feund in
the c~rbonate profile. At the eame time the qreat thickness of this rock,
numerous oil and qas manifestatione and other features permit one to talk
about the siqnificant prospects of the oil- and qas-be+~rin9 content of the
described masses. The lack of discoveries of large oil and qas fields indi-
cates the abgence of a scientifically developed method of finc7ing the car-
bonate profile rather than o! the low prospects of the described oollQCtors.
Development of a method of tappinq and study of the oil- and ga8-b8arinq
content of c;arbonate deposita taugt be accelerated, using eaientific-practical
develor,~~nte realized in other reqions of the USSR (the Volqo-Urals and
Ttman-~echora oil- and gas-bearing provinces). It caust be Caken into
account in this case that the oil- and gas-bearing ~arb�nate rock is leas
informative than terrigeneous collectors.
For accelerated and dependable analyeis of the proapects of the oil- and gas- ~
bearing oontent of the carbonate profile.of the Siberian Platform, it has
been propoaed that a camplex of qeologicafollowinCal ~~surea be carried
out, the most importar?t of which are the g
1. An increase of core san~linq from the praiuctive profile and atudy of
the 3rrangement of the mere volua?etric porous and porous-cavernous oollec-
tora in reeerves in the carbonate massea. Determination of the bioqenic
formations, development of which may indicate the presence of Riphean systems
in carboaate complexes of the Cambrian, is of important significancQ in
investigation of the core sample.
2. Expansion of the existing compl3x of field-qeophysical investiqation
of boreholes by inclusion of neutron u~thods. acoustic and inducticn loggin9
in it which are more effective durinq invasti4ation of carbonate preductive
horizons.
3. Extenaiveinvesti ations by theBiZalezh'~" prcqraa?~Busedxto determi en the
and seismic 9
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~dk o~~tr,tnL us~ orn.tt
contour of oil and gas pools ~nd thug reduca tt~e nwnber a� deep wells drilled
to explor~ the fields.
4. S~ucty by sei~mic progpecting, beeide~ the refl~eting horizon~ in terri-
geneoue depoeits of the Wenc~ian and Riph~~, o� ~t?e wave characteristics of
earbonate deposi~s with r~gard ta the pre~ence of pmductiive magsea in them.
- 5. brilling gpeciai boreholes with planned dQpthe of 1,000-1,500 m in ind3vi-
dual, larger areae. The purpose of thie drilling is qualite~ive atiudy of
the oil- and qas-bearing content of the upper carbonate complexes without
loases of filtration pror~erties of promieing horizone as a result of sinkinq
welle to deeply gubm~rqed d~posits. F'or thie purpoee it is rational to uee
_ ligh~ drillinq rigg of type BU-80 ~nd 8A-2000. -
6. Developmant of a rational technoloqy of tappinq and testing oil and gas
pool~ in carbonate depoaits with deficit bed pressure. Tdppinq eimilar
productive horizons in liqhtened muds and invert emulsions ehould occupy
a speaial place in this.
7. Passing throuqh the intervals of the profile with expected carbonate
bnd~ with ~ubinterval testing of iP. Varioua depreasions and the standing _
time in the inflow to determine the optimum sampling aonditions muat be
used in thie case. This method made it posaible to eetimate the productivity
and scalea of the oil- and gas-bearing content of the Riphean carbonAte mass
under conditiona of maintaininq ite main volwnetric parameters even at the
drilling staqe in the Kuyumbinakoye field.
Development and inq~lementation of a conerete scientific-production proqram
to improve loqqinq, tappinq and samplinq of the carbonate profile will make
it possible to obtain essnntially new qeoloqical information on the least
atudied, but highly promising part of the aedimentary m~ntle of the Siberian
Platform.
The practice of searchinq for a carbonate profile when main:attention was
devoted durinq the first staqe of exploration primarfly to the terriqeneous
profile arid when the carbonate rock beqan to be cazefull;Y studied only after
a reduction of the qeoloqical effectiveness of search ope~rations, should not
be repeated during search-exploratory operations on the Siberian Platform.
The carbonate profile shou~d be studied wi~h regard `o its litholoqical-
textural characteristics and aimultaneously with the lower part of the
sedimentary mentle consisting of terriqeneous rock.
HIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Arstsiferov, A. S., "Precipitation of Salts Fram I,ower Cambrian and Wendian
Brines in the Irkutsk Amphitheater," GEOLOGiYA NEFTI I GAZA, No. 4, 1974.
~ 2. Fuks, B. A., V. V. Kazanskiy, T. i. Moskaleta et al., "Tapping and Testinq _
Productive Beds of the Lower Cambrian of Eastern Siberia," GEOLOGIYA NEF'TI
I GAZA, No. 2, 1977.
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~Ot~ O~~ICIAL U5~ ONLY
3. Drabot, D. i.~ A. N. Zolotov and A. Z. 1G~ntorovich, "Geokhimicheakiye
kritarii otsanki pergpektiv ne~tegazonosnogei dokembriy~kikh i
nizhs?ekembriyskikh otlo~haniy yuqe Bibirskoy platformy" [~e ~~~emiael
Criteria ~or ~valuatiing tihA Prospeats of the Oil- and Ga~-B@ering Contenti
- of Fracaaibrien end Lo~Ar Can~brian ~epoeits of the 5outhern Siberiair~
Plat~orm~, Moecaw~ Nedra, 1974.
4. lGontxorovich, A. N. V. Mel'nikov and V. S. Starogei'tsev, "oil and Gag
Geoloqical Regionsli~ation of the S~barian platfona," GEOLOGIYA NFFTI I ;
QAZA, No. 2, 1976.
5. Sac~sonov, V. V. ,"Yrkutskiy nel~qazonosnyy bas~eyn" (~e irkutak Oil- eu~d !
Gas-~earinq Ba~in~, Zrkutek, Vost.-Sib. lan. izd-vo, 1975.
6. Trofimu3c, A. A., "The Prospecta o~ Findinq oil and Gae in Eastern Siberia
- artc~ in the Far East," GE02~0(iIYA NEFTI I GAZA. No. 5, 1971.
COPYRxGHT: 2zdatel'stvo "Nadra", "Sovetakaya qeoloqiya", 1978 ;
6521 END '
CSOs 1822
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