BRIEFING SCHEDULE(Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B05703A000500050043-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 31, 2003
• Sequence Number: 43
• Publication Date: January 29, 1970
• Content Type: AG

Appfoved For Release W 500050043
1 F?r
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
 TRANSMITTAL SLIP
ROOM NO.
6N2112
DATT8 70
ROOM IF24 I BUILDING Hq
d F ffg"Q*' 20( Z,;,93A-RDP78B05703AOOOSb005
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Tuesday, 10 Feb.
1300-1400 hrs.
(2E-60, Hq's?. )
. AEGIS document storage and retrieval service
Uses of ADP:
Intelligence File services
Scientific applications
Administrative record keeping. (SIPS)
.. Signal processing
Time-sharing service
- Hardware (installed and planned)
Problems and issues
Uses of ADP:
Rapid. Search Machine (RSM) for fast search of
substantive files of analysts .
or visual display of military 25
ep oymen pattern,
Converted EAM files
- Hardware (installed and planned) .
.. Document locator system
device for automatic
25)
picking 25
Special Files (GICS)
Automation of Main Index to counter-intelligence
biographic files (status and outlook)
Hardware (installed and planned) .
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Imagery measureme.njh'&~I?V 460-
Computer-generated reports o.ntarget
coverage data
PI document storage and retrieval service,
(Minicard-to-microfiche)
Integrated Information System (US) impacts
Hardware (installed and planned)
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:- a
ref, Automated) nformation Division.
- Describe uses, plan, hardware._
F- Problems, issue, directions.
- NPIC contribution -- c ty.
- PI0 with emphasis rapidity. &.$040/ V- yovle&re
- Also, obje ive $best-qualified judgments,
including asures, 1-,JaCAV t fieli
Publications 'ces.
- Central pho records.
- Tech R&D photo science.
The Players (f r reference)
- IHG
- PSG
- TS
laws & Kissing Cousins
- IAS
- DIAAPP-9
- SPAR
- (NSA, CIA, DIA)
Uses.
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- Document storage F retrieval.
- IIS
- Hardware
- Problems and'issues.
- Recruiting and advancement.
- Some internal imbalance of resources 4 workload.
- Security.
- Users delay time.
- Connection with NSA.
- Intimate interplay capability.
(open Shop Programming)
(PI aids, editing aids)
- Generate own software.
- Management $ resources applications.
- New collection systems, new data handling problems and
opportunities. .
- Better hardware.
- People sharing with other ADP components.
-- Directions
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The most serious problem facing AID today is the Diiision's grade
PROBLEM AREAS
management, thus alleviati'(g this problem.
ture (and, consequently, our journeyman level) peaks at GS-09. We have
dida~r~~
hopes that our proposedrresvcturing will be favorably received by
had 121 ADP positions with an average grade of 9.r: Today, three years
/11Y
later, AID has 123 positions with an average grade of 9.0. Since we
cannot compete with private industry for skilled programmers/analysts,
our recruitment philosophy has been to hi college graduates and give
them on-the-job training in ADP. We ar,E/convinced that our recruitment
philosophy is sound; we have about tc nty talented junior programmers to
prove our point. However, we have, lost a disproportionate number of our
junior programmers (even by indu try standards!) because our grade struc-
structure. In 1967 AID's predecessor (the Informati9( Processing Division)
There is presently,~n imbalance of resources and workload between
the branches in AID. Ve ar e--convinced-tl the solution to this problem
accommodate fut a shifts in workload.
ing to build grea er flexibility into the AID organizational structure to
taking steps to co ect this imbalance; more importantly, we are attempt-
lies in a realignmen, of resources and not in an increased T/0. We are
Security n a computer-based system continues to be a complex and
make a me ingful contribution in the exchange of information. NPIC has
(in terms o procedures, software, and hardware) is needed if NPIC is to
frustrating blem. A determination of what constitutes a secure system
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SECRET
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been advised that the multi-level security problems will not be
resolved in the foreseeable future. In all probability, we will not
be participating in the COINS experiment.
As increased emphasis is placed on open shop programming and the
remote access system, the need for accurate, intelligible user docu-
mentation produced in a timely fashion will rise sharply. We have
not been successful in recruiting technical writers capable of trans-
lating the jargon of the computer professional into meaningful instruc-
tions for the user. Additionally, we need to develop and enforce
documentation standards. This is particularly significant in the
computer field which is characterized by high employee turnover.
Our most serious technical problem results from our success in
developing a viable remote access system. Usage of the system has
grown to the extent that, if the trend continues for another six months
(and we have every reason to believe that it will), the system will be
incapable of satisfying user demands. We have already experienced job
queues as high as 40 and response times in excess of 30 minutes during
peak loads. We have initiated action to improve our job priority
structure, to optimize utilization of random-access mass storage, and
to seek a better method for using the two central processors and
associated core.
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GENERAL DIRECTIONS
To meet the challenges of the future, we'intend to place increased.
emphasis on the development.of advanced operating systems. We are
.aiming at developing a new approach to the manner of inter-connection
and the allocation of functions between the two'494 central processing
units. The system must provide for bringing the full computational
capabilities of both central processors to bear during.peak load.situ-
ations, and also provide for maintenance of essential functions. in'the
event of failure of any non-singular hardware-element of the system.
Open Shop Programming
It is our conviction that a substantial number of professional
personnel assigned to the Center will have sufficient background and
training in the use of computers to be able to write computer programs.
to deal with many of the specific problems that may confront them in
the course of their duties. We intend to provide a mechanism that will
permit these individuals to exercise their capabilities on their parti-
cular areas of professional expertise. To a very substantial degree
we have already developed such a tool in the form of higher-level
languages available for-use by all Center personnel from remote terminal,
devices located throughout. the building. FORTRAN and COBOL will both.
be available by the middle of FY 1971 at upwards of 100 terminal devices.
The operating system which now interleaves up. to 25 programs will be
extended to minimize restrictions on programs and also to incorporate
scheduling algorithms better suited to the characteristics of the Center's
workload.
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Information Storage and Retrieval
The Integrated Information System (IIS) will be installed during
the first quarter of FY 1971 and will, for some years to come, be the
Center's "workhorse" for storing, manipulating and retrieving sub-
stantive information. During the period we intend to devote considerable
effort to upgrading this system. In addition., we plan to develop a capa-
bility to satisfy.a long-standing requirement to search the free text of
documents. Our current systems, including the IIS, are based on for-
matted files. Many of these files (e.g.., the IDF and EPDF) contain
unstructured abstracts, remarks, and notes. Our only current method of
retrieval of information from these loosely-structured fields (or fields
of free text) is to call for the entire field.
We anticipate increasing emphasis in the next five years on some
form of a community computer network. Our experience with the COINS
experiment and the input/output philosophy of our operating system will
facilitate our participation in such a network.
Up to this time, our priority effort in the scientific area has
been on the Real-time Photo-measurement System. Because of our success
in this development, we feel we can now afford to divert some of our
scientific analyst/programmer resources to tasks which had been rele-
gated in terms of priority. These tasks include support to the Center's
research, development and engineering effort in such fields as pattern
recognition and digital image manipulation, and the application of
computer-assisted.analytical techniques to the imagery interpretation
process. .
13.
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We presently own the two UNIVAC 494 central processors and the-
two banks of core. We intend to lease additional core in FY 1972. No
other major acquisitions. are planned until FY 1976 when we will probably
replace our UNIVAC 494's.
The major functions of AID can be accomplished without an increase
in the number of positions if we are successful in obtaining a sub-
stantial increase in our average grade and in achieving greater internal
flexibility to adjust resources to match shifts in workload..
Given the grade structure we intend to propose in the near future,
AID anticipates no need for large-scale contractual support during the
planning period. We will continue to contract with UNIVAC and IBM for
the maintenance of our ADP equipment. We will also budget for a ,modest
level (three to five manyears) of software support. As stated earlier,
our experience with software contracts has been less than satisfactory;
the costs of such services are excessive and the end products are, at
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NPIC'S USE OF ADP
The major purpose of.:the National Photographic Interpretation Center
.(NPIC) is to exploit multi-sensor imagery, primarily black and white photo-
graphy, in support of the national intelligence effort. To fulfill this
responsibility the Center conducts, on designated USIB-tasked missions, a
preliminary and rapid analysis of newly acquired imagery in response to
priority requirements. This is known as first-phase readout. It also
performs a systematic review,. known as second-phase readout, of all newly
acquired imagery to produce summaries and indexes of available imagery
for community use. In addition, NPIC conducts comprehensive studies of
INTRODUCTION
imagery in specified substantive areas to meet detailed requirements of
.the community. The product of these exploitation efforts are in the form
of hard copy reports, cables, briefing boards` and ADP listings which
are disseminated throughout the community.
The Center also provides certain services of common concern to other
PI organizations as well as -the Intelligence Community at large, including
photo-measurement?support, photo reproduction support, printing and dis-
..semination services, and maintenance services for certain imagery-related
._information files of common interest. The Center has extensive facilities
o,provide 4hese services which can be drawn on by the community to reduce
the duplication of efforts.
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In addition to the above imagery analysis tasks and related services,
the Center engages in research and development to improve its own pro-
duction and procedures, as well as to benefit other imagery exploitation
organizations.
In carrying out its responsibilities the Center relies heavily on
the use of automatic data processing (ADP) tools and techniques. This
paper discusses the current and future roles of ADP in NPIC..
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ADP SERVICES PROVIDED'
The Center is operating a remote access computer system with a,current
inventory of 74 remote devices making the computer directly available to
The remote devices range from relatively
simple teletypes and line printers to highly sophisticated query consoles,
display devices and photo-measurement equipment. For the most part, users
utilize programs and files developed by the Center's ADP facility--the
Automated Information Division--as a service of common concern. However,
they are.able to (and presumably will with increasing frequency) exercise
the option of developing their own programs and files for applications
unique to their needs' (e.g., "one-shot" statistical analyses, math
models).. To accomplish the latter, the user has access to a FORTRAN
compiler.
In addition to operating the ADP equipment as a service of common
concern, the ADP facility provides both systems programming and applica-
tions programming services. Systems programming is concerned with the
development and maintenance of the so-called computer executive system.
Since the system concurrently provides remote batch and remote real-time
services in addition to the traditional batch processing (i.e., from
the computer room itself),. and is already handling an average of 1,000
jobs a day, job scheduling and control are of critical importance.
Applications programming is provided by the ADP facility a's a
service of common concern and can be broken into four broad areas:
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.scientific services, information storage and retrieval services, report
generation services, and management services. Major capabilities avail-
able to users are briefly as follows:
Scientific Services
The major effort in this area is the Real-time Photo-measurement
System. With this system Center photogrammetrists and imagery interpreters
.can, through the use of remote photo-measurement equipment, determine
accurate distances, heights, azimuths, geodetic coordinates and areas from
overhead photography in either a real-time or batch mode. A capability
for making plots is also available. Another effort of considerable magni-
tude involves the development of a system of programs to make detailed
measurements of objects (e.g., missiles) from ground photography acquired
along parade routes. An'extremely complex batch processing application,
the system is in final stages of checkout and should be declared operational
in the near future.
.In addition to the photo-measurement applications, the Automated
Information Division is currently supporting the Center's efforts in
the field of image assessment-through the use of Microdensitometric
techniques. A set of programs to aid in image analysis and evaluation
is nearing completion'whichwill permit measurement of film granularity
from edge traces. Additionally, it will allow analysis of exposure
characteristics and processing of the film.
Information Storage and Retrieval Services
Under the National Tasking Plan, the Center has responsibility for
maintaining four major files of common concern to the imagery intelligence
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community: the Installations Data File (IDF); the Mensuration Parameters
File (MPF); the Exploitation Products Data File (EPDF); and, the Objects
Data File (ODF).
The Installations Data File is presently a magnetic tape file con-'
taining pertinent reference and descriptive information on approximately
30 thousand installations of interest to the intelligence community.
.Updated as a result of new information` gleaned by imagery interpreters
from photography received i the file has grown to where
it currently contains information stored on 18 magnetic tapes. Under
the Integrated Information System, which-has been under development for
several years and will be operational in 1970, this file will be placed
imagery analysts to store, manipulate, and. retrieve information from
the file in near real-time fashion.
The Mensuration Parameters File is an operational computer-based
on .random-access mass-storage devices (UNIVAC FASTRAND drums) permitting
file containing the necessary parametric information (e.g., height and
attitude of the camera station at the time of image exposure) for making
accurate measurements from overhead photography. Within
the file provides the Real-time Photo-measurement System with the requisite
imagery parameters for making measurements. The-file is also supplied
in magnetic
The Exploitation Products Data File is an index of all imagery inter
pretation products prepared by National Tasking Plan participants with,
as appropriate, abstracts of those products. Data for the EPDF'is presently
to National Tasking Plan participants outside
tape form.
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provided by a combination of two older systems, the, All Source File and
the Minicard File. A computer-produced hard-copy report of file holdings
is sent to NTP participants on a quarterly basis.
COMIREX has not yet completed criteria for the Objects Data File.
Reyort Generation Services
Primary emphasis'to'date has been devoted to those imagery inter-
pretation reports, which must be prepared and disseminated with urgency.
Included in this category are OAK Reports (for satellite photography)
and World-wide Immediate Photographic Interpretation Reports (for air-.
craft photography) prepared in response-to CQMIREX requirements for
information about.a selective list of highest-priority targets. These
reports, commonly referred to as "first-phase reports," can now be-
produced from remote terminals in the imagery interpreters' work area
through the use of the central, computer. The information is concurrently'
used by the central computer to update the Installations Data File.
Management Services
The Center was one of the forerunners in the development and use
of a computer-based management. information system. While the system
has provided the Center with a useful management tool, it has not served
management as well as anticipated. Center management is currently re-
assessing its information needs. Depending.on managements' findings,
the present system will be upgraded or a new system will be designed.
A number of small files (e.g., the Center telephone directory and
equipment inventories) are maintained by the Automated Information
Division'. A modest capability exists for the application of operations
research techniques, but to date little has been accomplished in this area.
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HARDWARE
We are currently operating with a dual UNIVAC 494 system. Each
central processor . has 131,072 30-bit words of core and a memory cycle
time of 750 nanoseconds, overlapped. Our peripheral equipment includes
six FASTRAND drums, three 1782 drums, three high-speed printers, four
1004 units (card reader, punch, and printer), twenty tape drives 'one
paper tape reader,. two paper tape punches, and one Concord plotter.
Remote devices, of which there are currently 74, are used throughout
Tsee Attachment 1). The comparators and. plotters are used
by the Real-time Mensuration System. All other devices are used to
initiate any suitable remote batch program. The DCT 2000 is comprised
of a low-speed , printer,' card reader and punch. Largest user is NPIC's
.Imagery.Exploitation Group (IEG), with 39 devices presently on-line.
.NPIC's Production . Services Group (PSG) and Technical Services $ Support
Group (TSF,SG) account for. another 12 devices.. The other 23 devices are
used by three
host-tenants; CIA's Imagery Analysis Service
(IAS), a Defense Intelligence Agency detachment (DIAAP-9), and the
Special Army Detachment (SPAD).
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OPERATING SYSTEM (SOFTWARE) .
The system has the ability to have several real-time programs and
up to 25 worker. programs running concurrently under the control of. the
executive program (RUM)., There are two real-time programs, the Real-
Time Mensuration Program (RIMP) and the Analytic Real-Time (ART). Jobs.
are scheduled'and run in order of arrival within priority. The schedu-
ling algorithm takes into account such things as priority, core and
peripherals required.
Our security system is based on the philosophy. that we restrict''
the use of programs, service requests, and files to particular stations.
Station security is the responsibility of the component where the, station
is located. Computer security is effected by a combination of the fea-
tures available on the UNIVAC hardware and special precautions in the
construction of the software.
RUM is an interrupt-actuated executive. Every interrupt is either
processed completely or logged for later use prior to returning control
to the interrupted activity. An interrupt may indicate serious failure
such as loss of power or a less critical.hardware malfunction from.a
particular peripheral unit.. An interrupt may come from a remote device
indicating that data has been received for one of the real-time programs.
RUM lists these interrupts and activates the appropriate real-time
program. The. lowest priority of interrupt allows a worker program to
communicate with RUM.
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The Real-Time Mensuration Program (RTMP) provides the capability
of obtaining instantaneous and accurate measurements of objects dis-
cernible on photography. It can compute distances, heights, azimuths,
geodetic coordinates, and areas of objects. Additionally, it can''produce
plots on remote ~lotters. The parameters required for the compu-
tations can be'secured automatically from the Mensuration Parameters
File. Examples of these are altitude, pitch and roll of the vehicle at
the time the frame was imaged.
The Analytic Real-Time (ART) controls the handling of data from
the remote communication devices used for loading of batch (worker)
programs. It is the job of ART to pack data received from the remote
devices and store it on the FASTRAND drum. When all the data for one
job-is available, it will forward to RUM a request for the job to be
placed on the queue. It will furnish the data, as requested, to the
worker program.. In a similar manner, ART controls the output of worker
programs to the remote-devices.
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PERSONNEL
As exhibited in Attachment 2, which shows the number of positions
by skill type, there are 125 positions in the Automated Information
Division.
Approximately 40% are programmers or analysts about. half of which
are.mathematicians. Nearly one third of our staff is made up. of equip-
ment operators but we have no responsibility for equipment maintenance,
Almost 15% are production control specialists.
We have considered as management the Division Chief and Deputy and
the four Branch Chiefs. Currently we have only two technical editors.
Our administrative positions comprise about 8% of the Division.
As increased emphasis is placed on open shop.programming'and the
remote access system, the need for accurate, intelligible user docu=
mentation produced in a timely fashion will rise sharply. In order to
assure that AID can meet this requirement an increase in the number of
technical editors is anticipated. This increase should be offset by
a decrease in the number of people required to do keypunching, production
control and operate FM equipment. Thus, we intend to maintain the
current strength of the Division.
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CONTRACTOR ASSISTANCE
Currently we. have contracts with four organizations. Three of these
are in support of the Integrated Information System (IIS) development.
is charged with assisting in training, con-
in the IIS, and a systems reliability study.
figuration control, test and evaluation of programs and their relationship
is, writing.seven IIS programs,
~s writing two programs for the IIS and is responsible
for keeping specifications current with the evolution of the system.
Another task, outside the IIS, is to design a system to "drive" a'
Photon Photo-typesetter. In addition,
is under contract to assist in the design and development of programs for'
imagery. quality evaluation using Microdensitometric techniques.
It has been the experience of AID (and its predecessor, IPD) that
contractual support for systems analysis and software development is
frequently less than satisfactory. Besides the exhorbitant cost in-
volved, a substantial investment of the talents of AID personnel is
required to oversee the evolution of the design of the program.
All of the above mentioned contracts should be terminated within
the next fiscal year. Maintenance of ADP equipment is performed by
5X1 I lunder contract.
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AREAS OF INTERFACE OR COORDINATION WITH OCS AND OTHER ADP COMPONENTS
For the most part, the problems which AID faces in the years ahead
are problems which are common to all ADP facilities. We intend to play
,an active role in the exchange of information and ideas regarding these
problems. One subject of.immediate and, presumably, common concern is
that of ADP security.
In the best interest of the Agency and of the ADP professionals,
a formal program of cross-training and rotational assignments should
be initiated between the various ADP components.
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Attachment 2
Position Title
1) Computer Operator
2) EAM Operator
3) Keypunch/Flexowriter.Operator
4) Equipment'Maintenance
5) Systems Programmer
6) Applications Programmer
7) Systems Analyst/Designer
8) Micro-photography
9) Management
10) Administrative/Clerical $ Other
11) Production Control Specialists
12) Technical. Editor
13) Mathematician/(programmer or analyst)
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