DAILY SNAP

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 28, 1998
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: September 22, 1992
• Content Type: NSPR

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'Tuesday
September 22, 1992
Dd1' SNAIL
Soviet News Abstracts Publication
FOREIGN AEROSPACE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Title: MARSHAL SHAPOSHNIKOV ON ISSUES OF
COLLECTIVE SECURITY
Primary Source: Kazakhstanskaya pravda,
June 27, 1992, No. 147-148 (21072-21073),
p. 4, cols. 2-6
Extract: Marshal of Aviation Yevgeniy Sha-
poshnikov, Commander-in-Chief of the Com-
monwealth's Joint Armed Forces, answers
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda's questions.
"How do you assess the present and
future of the CIS Joint Armed Forces
(OVS) ?"
"I think the future of the CIS Joint
Armed Forces is good. The Tashkent Collec-
tive Security Treaty, signed by six states
so far, but open in nature, essentially
opens up the prospect for transformation of
the collective security system into a mili-
tary-political alliance.
"And it's not a question of someone's
desire or non-desire to decide defense is-
sues jointly, although today this does
sometimes have the strongest influence now.
The need to integrate defense efforts, like
economic, political, scientific-technical,
and others, is objective. Suffice it to
point out NATO, for example.
"The advantages of such integration
are obvious. They are especially great for
the CIS states. Here, like nowhere else in
the world, an effective system of military-
economic, military-strategic relations and
a unique unified military infrastructure
have been created over many decades. And
not to use it would be ungovernmental, un-
wise. This is a base for a reliable system
of collective security. And the function
of such a system is in the radical, vital
interests of the peoples of the Common-
wealth.
"Also important is the fact that the
efforts of the CIS states to create and
strengthen the collective security system
reinforces internal and international sta-
bility, and creates guarantees in the en-
tire world's eyes of the Commonwealth's
fulfillment of its obligations in the area
of arms reduction and disarmament,, and most
of all the preservation of a unified com-
mand structure and unified monitoring of
nuclear weapons."
"You spoke of a unified command struc-
ture and unified monitoring of nuclear
weapons. Are these functions of the OVS
main command?"
"Yes, this is one of its most impor-
tant functions. As you know, the opera-
tional subordinates of the OVS main command
include the strategic forces, including
strategic missile troops, naval and air-
borne strategic nuclear forces, antimissile
and space defense troops, nuclear technical
units, space assets and strategic recon-
naissance, and their supporting troops.
They perform missions in the interests of
all the Commonwealth states."
(A photograph of Ye. Shaposhnikov is
iven.)
((SNAP 920922)
Author: Falichev, 0., Colonel, correspon-
dent
Title: CIS DEFENSE MINISTERS DISCUSS MILI-
TARY ISSUES; UKRAINE'S NUCLEAR POLICY CRIT-
ICIZED
Primary Source: Krasnaya zvezda, duly 4,
1992, No. 148-149 (20835-20836), p. it
cols. 1-2
Entire Text: As planned, a conference of
the Council of Ministers of Defense of the
Commonwealth of Independent States began in
the Main Headquarters of the CIS Joint
Armed Forces (OVS) at 10 a.m. [on July 4].
The opening speaker was Marshal of Aviation
Ye. Shaposhnikov, Commander-in-Chief of the
CIS OVS.
The conference agenda included the
following items: The Air Defense System;
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-Equipment of Missile Attack Warning and
Space Monitoring Systems; Refining the Com-
Position of the Strategic Forces; the Col-
lective Security Council; Organization of
the Activity of the Commander-in-Chief of
the CIS OVS; Foundations of CIS Military
Policy and Nuclear Strategy; Results of the
Work of Heads of Personnel Agencies; and
others.
General-Colonel Boris Pyankov, Deputy
Commander-in-Chief of the CIS OVS, told
journalists at the end of the conference of
the Council of Ministers of Defense of the
CIS that all documents scheduled for review
were approved today with minor corrections.
The only point of disagreement was the sta-
tus and form of control of the strategic
forces deployed on Ukrainian territory.
Boris Pyankov sharply criticized the
Ukrainian position on the matter. "We have
proposed today," he said, "to remove the
nuclear warheads from the strategic mis-
siles deployed there or to remove the maps
of their mission assignments from their
onboard computers. This would turn the
missiles into fuel canisters. And the
question of Ukraine as a nuclear power
would no longer come up. But the Ukrai-
nians reject the possibility of such steps
and continue to maneuver. Ukraine's un-
willingness to transfer the Strategic Nu-
clear Forces to the full control of Russia
and the OVS Main Command is provoking ob-
jections on the part of Kazakhstan and Be-
larus as well, which had already undertaken
that step."
(SNAP 920922)
Author: Lukanin, M., Captain 2nd Rank
Title: PROBLEMS OF ACCURATE MAPPING OF
EARTH'S SURFACE FROM SPACE
Primary Source: Krasnaya zvezda, July 4,
1992, No. 148-149 (20835-20836), p. 4,
cols. 1-4
Extract: In my hands I hold the recently
published Atlas of Venus, which can well be
termed a major achievement of domestic car-
tography, and I admit a strange feeling.
Will we soon see an Atlas of the CIS, and
if so, what is our Commonwealth from the
standpoint of political geography? How
will it look on maps?
It was just such initial questions
that I took to Nikolay Makarenko, director
of the Central Scientific Research Insti-
tute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography and
Cartography imeni Krasovskiy.
"You ask what's simpler," he answered.
"Today, it's easier to give a scientific
description of other planets than of the
former one-sixth of the Earth's land area.
Right now, due to the division of the for-
mer USSR, even republications of old polit-
ical maps of the world have been halted.
"Active surveillance from space is a
reality, one of the most effective means of
gathering information about inaccessible
territories. However, even satellites'
capabilities are not limitless. From or-
bit, it's very difficult to display relief
corresponding to these scales. And without
relief data, for example, it's impossible
to program a cruise missile's mission."
"I've heard that the Space Flight Con-
trol Center has some kind of completely
unique globe."
"Yes, they do have a rare one-of-a-
kind globe, which took nearly a year to
make. It displays the Earth's relief in
three dimensions."
"And do you often have occasion to
produce, shall we say, special editions?"
"It depends what you mean by that.
All the apparatus that we develop is unique
in its own way. It is designed for preci-
sion linear measurements, determination of
the force of gravity at various points on
the Earth, strains in the Earth's crust,
sea-bottom research, and so forth. That,
for example, is a fact. Mass industrial
aerial photography is done in our country
using only domestic equipment. In optics,
we are competitive on the most demanding
world market, we have the greatest authori-
ties here, of whom the greatest is Profes-
sor M. M. Rusinov, research director of our
optics laboratory in Saint Petersburg."
(A photograph of N. L. Makarenko is
given.)
(SNAP 920922)
Author: Trubitsyn, Aleksey, Major, cor-
respondent (interviewer)
Title: DIRECTOR OF UKRAINIAN ENGINEERING
TROOPS DISCUSSES TASKS ORGANIZATION
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Primary Source: Narodnaya armiya, July 2,
1992, No. 119 (172), p. 1, cols. 6-8; p. 2,
cols. 1-4
Extract: Vladimir Dmitriyevich Bezrodnyy
is director of the Engineering Troops Di-
rectorate of the Ukrainian Armed Forces'
Main Headquarters. V. D. Bezrodnyy worked
for several years as senior officer of the
operational intelligence department of En-
gineering Troop Headquarters of the USSR
Ministry of Defense. From that post, he
entered the Military Academy of the USSR
Armed Forces General Staff. After graduat-
ing from the academy, he was chief of staff
and first deputy director of engineering
troops for the Caspian Military District.
From 1983 to 1986, he worked as a military
adviser in Vietnam under the commander of
engineering troops for the People's Army.
After that, he headed engineering troops in
the Transbaykal Military District. His
last post was first deputy director of en-
gineering troops of the USSR Ministry of
Defense.
"Vladimir Dmitriyevich, tell us about
the strategy and tactics of the Ukrainian
Armed Forces engineering troops and the
concept of their use in connection with our
state's defense policy."
"We provide the Armed Forces with all
military engineering equipment, engineering
munitions, and electrical equipment, and
perform power management. All this is in
addition to battle training, instruction
and service.
"The defensive nature of our military
policy assigns the engineering troops the
task of engineering support for cover of
the national borders under combat condi-
tions (laying mine fields, erecting forti-
fication equipment, etc., as well as sup-
porting the troops' movement to their des-
ignated areas of operation). The main
thing here is for engineering troops to
have the needed numbers and quantity of
equipment in peacetime to accomplish their
assigned tasks.
"This creates a great problem of re-
viewing the present structure of the en-
gineering troops based on their assigned
purpose. I favor giving each engineering
unit the needed forces and means for quali-
ty accomplishment of the tasks facing it.
And that's why I think it's abnormal when,
say, three battalions in an engineering
brigade have nearly full complements, while
two are depleted. Deploying the latter
will take both time and people, who are
taken from fully staffed units, weakening
their battle readiness.
"In other words, the engineering
troops should have two types of units:
mobile, fully staffed, capable as is of
performing their assignment for engineering
cover of the national borders, participat-
ing in accident cleanup and disaster re-
lief, and supporting the viability of the
Ukrainian Armed Forces, and [on the other
hand] centers where mobile resources can be
deployed in case of war within specified
periods.
"One other important task we face is
clearing land of explosive objects. Today,
we have about 140 groups working in
Ukraine, who have disarmed nearly 13,000
live rounds in the last six months."
(A photograph of V. D. Bezrodnyy is
iven.)
((SNAP 920922)
Author: Felgengauer, Pavel
Title: POPULATION, INSTITUTES AND 'PROD-
UCTS' OF RUSSIA'S CLOSED NUCLEAR CITIES
Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, June
30, 1992, No. 122 (293), p. 5, cols. 1-8
Extract: Russia has only ten closed nucle-
ar cities, and they are all subordinate to
the Atomic Energ Ministry (formerly medium
Machine Building. The total number of
residents, in the opinion of current Minis-
ter of Atomic Energy Viktor Mikhaylov, is
about 700,000; in the opinion of the chair-
man of the Arzamas-16 City Council, it's
about 900,000. The unofficial capital of
the nuclear archipelago is Arzamas-16.
Arzamas-16 is a pure department city.
Appropriately, the most important man in
the city is the director of All-Union Sci-
entific Research Institute of Experimental
Physics (VNIIEF) (currently Vladimir Belu-
gin). Of 81,000 residents, about 24,000
work at VNIIEF, which was just recently
renamed the "Russian Nuclear Center." But
no more than a third of the employees are
actually engaged in scientific or R&D work.
The remainder either have absolutely no
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.relationship to the development of new nu-
clear warheads (municipal transportation,
kindergartens, and much more belong to the
institute and are served by its 'employ-
ees'), or work in an experimental plant
that belongs to the institute or in other
purely technical positions.
However, in the opinion of the leading
developers, no more than 200 of the best
theoretical physicists, who have managed
over their years of work to become fairly
diversified specialists, plus about 200 of
the leading research designers, know the
entire nuclear weapon development process
and actually could, if they wished, aid the
proliferation of nuclear weapons outside
Russia's borders.
Besides Arzamas-16, nuclear warheads
are also constructed at Chelyabinsk-70,
home of the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Theoretical Physics (VNIITF)
(Chelyabinsk-70 has a population of 40,000,
15,000 of whom work at the institute. The
director is Vladimir Nechay, and the re-
search director is Yevgeniy Avrorin).
Arzamas-16, the aboriginal city of the
nuclear archipelago, is the most diversi-
fied of the closed cities: scientific re-
search (some of it totally 'open') is per-
formed there, serially produced and experi-
mental warheads, as well as some other
'products' are assembled, and there is (as
they say) even one (at least) nuclear reac-
tor. The other nuclear cities are special-
ized industrial centers that together form
a complete cycle of nuclear production.
Warhead assembly was once specially split
among various regions, to make it harder
for the Americans to cover it all at once
with several missiles. Zlatoust-36, Sverd-
lovsk-45, Arzamas-16, and Penza-19 (the
smallest, the newest, and until recently
one of the most secret cities of the archi-
pelago). Besides an instrument factory,
Penza-19 contains a Scientific Research and
Design Institute for Radio and Electronic
Equipment (NIKIRET), but as the name sug-
gests, it also solves largely practical
problems, unlike the theoretical VNIIEF and
VNIITF. Nevertheless, many cities have
branches of the leading institutes.
Now, of 13 plutonium reactors, only
four remain operational today: one in
Tomsk-7 and three in the underground Kras-
noyarsk-26.
At the same time, the Ministry of
Atomic Energy has proposed using the major-
ity of the $400 million allocated by the
U.S. Congress to aid the CIS to dismantle
nuclear weapons and create a reliable stor-
age facility for the plutonium that would
be freed from the disassembled warheads.
Incidentally, the most likely site of the
storage facility is Krasnoyarsk-26.
This year, two more underground reac-
tors in Krasnoyarsk-26 are to be shut down,
but the last underground reactor in that
marvelous city will probably still be oper-
ated for a long time, since in addition to
plutonium, it also produces heat and elec-
tricity for Krasnoyarsk-26 (the world's
only underground nuclear power plant).
(A photograph of V. Belugin is given.)
(SNAP 920922)
Author: Yakimets, Vladimir, of the Russian
Academy of Sciences' Institute for Systems
Analysis
Title: QUESTIONS ABOUT CLEAN-UP OF NUCLEAR
INDUSTRIAL SITES, STORAGE OF NUCLEAR WASTES
Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, July
2, 1992, No. 124 (295), p. 4, cols. 1-4
Abstract: The author discusses steps being
taken to improve nuclear safety and envi-
ronmental protection. He states that,
while a U.S. program to restore the envi-
ronment and modernize the military-indus-
trial complex is expected to cost about 150
billion dollars over a period of 30 years,
Russian nuclear experts have proposed the
allocation of over 3 billion rubles (less
than 30 million dollars) between now and
2010 for the improvement of personnel safe-
ty, environmental protection and disposal
of radioactive wastes. The author believes
enterprises in the Russian military-indus-
trial complex to be no less contaminated
than their American counterparts, and
doubts that these funds are sufficient to
clean them up. He suggests that resources
that are now being expended for testing be
redirected to these purposes.
The author also expresses doubt as to
whether Arzamas-16 and Chelyabinsk-70,
which have taken on the problem of disman-
tling the warheads being eliminated in the
CIS, possess modern facilities for storing
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'weapons-grade plutonium. He concludes that
great financial and labor resources are re-
quired in order to resolve the questions of
full-scale recycling and safe storage of
fissile materials.
(SNAP 920922)
Author: Tokarenko, Ye., correspondent
(Novosibirsk)
Title: LASER DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT
EQUIPMENT SHOWN A T "MEDFARM-92" EXHIBITION
Primary Source: Meditsinskaya gazeta, July
10, 1992, No. 54 (5279), p. 2, cols. 1-3
Extract: The alliance of the Institute of
Thermophysics of _the Russian Academy of
Sciences' Siberian Division and the Insti-
tute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences'
Siberian Division was a genuine sensation
of the "Medfarm-92" international exhibi-
tion, held in Novosibirsk: the Novosibirsk
physicists had developed the IKEM system of
instruments unparalleled in the world, com-
prising the equipment of a laser diagnosis
and radiation therapy office. One piece of
equipment, based on a powerful semiconduc-
tor laser, enables the doctor, based on the
state of a patient's skin, temperature and
type of respiration, to display changes in
the air density field on a screen. In oth-
er words, the biological aura generated by
a person, from which the doctor can highly
accurately determine the condition of his
internal organs and systems. By the way,
this instrument is capable of disclosing
all the ins and outs of faith healers, that
is, objectively recording the nature of the
effect on people and the fact of its pres-
ence. After all, their certification has
been at issue for a long time.
The system also includes a laser acu-
puncture unit with six waveguides, a laser
instrument for express diagnosis (in only a
few seconds) of blood, and so on. Scien-
tists from the two academies have created
an association of optical and laser tech-
nologies in medicine, biology and ecology.
What they offer is not laboratory setups,
but industrially produced instruments.
(A photograph showing laser diagnostic
equipment, developed by the Institute of
Thermophysics of the Russian Academy of
Sciences' Siberian Division, is given.)
(SNAP 920922)
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Attn: Roger Crozier
WPAFB, OH 45433-6508
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