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• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
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• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 28, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 13, 1988
• Content Type: NSPR

 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
f -THE `WASHINGTONTOST
CPYRGHT
. M77 said the 11 140"
Ill 111 1 L111 11 1 is 11 1 put,
as nonsense " ''I`he statement' nal of the oppressed" on spying
" their charges.
shed captor effor s:.t . ;.:. ry . rYer~ The Organization of the Op-
ictims "grotesque'..and'a' t - ressed on Earth, believed made up
ion q( civilized aR4,.,universal con- p
. it , u"';' "0'0enounctD what of Shiite Moslems loyal to Iran, had
" charged that Higgins used his U N:
?
t to
tt
emp
cynical a
it called the
uniform as a cover for espionage ,
exploit the plight of Higgins during
Christmas season, the State De- In today's statement, the group
id "It has been proven by dear-
sa
, partmen ndiled, for his immediate cut evidence that [Higgins] and',his
e
ervers are
l
b
i
f
c
_-.-
sourc
s
ona
o
ondit
. American team o
and un
[Administration sources said U.S. WILLIAM RICHAU HIGGI$SZ{
officials have been unable to deter- guilty of providing the Zionist en-
emy with accurate and detailed mil "revenge for blood of martyrs"
mine the validity of the announce- itary and security information about f ,. M
meat or any of the previous claims our resistance fighters, their pos-- perer` `de Cuellar, made a special
Higgins' release when he
,by s staff s'~rcaptors, Washington tions, movements, supply routes appeal for
Post staff writer Molly Moore re- and the quantity and quality of their accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in
ported. "There is a great feeling of weaponry." Oslo on-behalf of,the 1.0,00,0.,,-U.
ence-keeping forces..
turned over to
inistra
d
b
'
p
een
m
py has
said one a
"The s ,woman
helplessness;
lion official. those responsible for executing this Tonight, a U.N. spoke
Higgins, 43, of Danville, Ky., was just and revolutionary verdict," the said, "the secretary general urgently ,
head of a .76-man observer group statement said. No specific execu- calls on those holding Col. Higgins
attached to 'the U.N. peace-keeping lion date was mentioned. not to caCry out their threat but to
force in southern Lebanon when he There have been three Other release him immediately;, and un-
munications from the grow harmed. The secretary general also
the southern
com
aped near
was kidn or Higgins abduction-tw urges all those who may be in a po-
porf city of Tyre on Feb. 17. since
The new picture of Higgins, the statements listing demands for hi sition to help to do all that they c n
ta assist in s curing the releas.u
e to wh-c
t
id
ap
eo
e isi
in 10 month , resembled a release and .a v
Lsecond
photograph released by the kidnap- Higgins repeated the delta s , ,'ftegn g are
d The demands Focused on the r "and presumgd_ktdnaped ln.~.e thq
h
ree
owe
It
il 21 Tht photo s
ern Apr.a and Lebani e.,
the balding` Higg-ttsr stoop-shout- lease of Palestinian Isr el'' and ey Britons r one Irish man,cons Ita
y
risoners held bs
not
The longest held
down
p
,
dered with his eyes cast
the South Lebst1o and aSwiss.
Terry Anderson, 40, of
}i He had gray pro , r i
xy
ica
era
<
n
,.
i
.mer
looking at the. cam
Israel rejected the demand , stubble on his' cheeks and was wear- Army. 1 e the Associated Press; who was
get
ing a dark fief jjacket. On Saturday, the secretary
The statement accompanying the eral of the United Nations, Jav- r gaped March 16, 19.85.
42. Lebanese`
Doe
.
ndnapers holding -U.5i arine ' .
=Cot William R. Higgins said today
they had decided to,"execute" their
hostage because. hey, believe he is a
'
spy for Israel.
,,We have -issued the irrevocable
sentence to execute: this American
spy," said a typewritten Arabic
statement signed by the Organiza-,
tion of the Oppressed on Earth and
delivered to the independent Beirut
newspaper An Nahar.
A photocopy of apicture purport-
ing to show Higgins,. the most re
cent kidnap .victim of nine Ameri=
cans held hostage 4n,Lebanon, .was
printed at the bottom of ahe' 1:5=line
CPYRGHT
;anol usaa~y insert'a picture with a
ist toifent to prove its authenticity.
In its statement, the group said
the decision' to kill Higgins was a
retaliation Iot ' ,.?Israeli , attacks
against "our ;people in.,occupied Pal-
estine" the, ;West Bank, and Gaza
Strip-an d'?' predotxiinan~tly Shiite
southern Lebanon.
It also said Higgins would die in
"revenge for the blood of the mar-
tyrs of the latest Israeli raid" on a
Palestinian guerrilla base nine miles
'south of Beirut. Nine guerrillas
were killed Friday in the Israeli at-
tack. An Israeli officer also died.
In Washington, the State De
pa>:tment issued a statement sayin
the charge that Higgins was a?sp
CPYRGHT
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 ' .-
Terry Anderson with Madeleine Bassile and their daughter Sulome in a "fresh and bright and beautiful" world
"The World Is
Fresh and Bright
And Beautiful"
After
recuperating in
Antigua,
Terry Anderson
talks about his
chief captor
(surprisingly
pleasant) and
the West's
mistrust of
Islam
Did you ever knou or sure w zo your rz r .
were?
A. We had our ~iuesses. They would always deny be-
ing connected With the Hizballah [Party ofGod], but
I don't think it's surprising that kidnappers should
lie. We believed I lizballah was the umbrella organi-
zation, althouLh it's not a unitary group but an as-
semblage of factions or family-connected groups.
All had diflerent names.
It was very strange. There were Brian Keenan,
John McCarthy, Frank Reed,'1'om Sutherland and 1,
all in the Bekaa Valley in one underground secret
prison, all of us being held under different names.
We would laugh about it, wondering which hat they
he going to wear the Islamic Jihad hat and talk to
Tom [Sutherland] and me? Or was he going to wear
the Islamic Dawn hat and talk to Frank Reed?
Q. Did you ever meet the person who seemed to be in
charge of all the hostages?
A. Yes. There was a gentleman called the Hai who
was the chief of our particular faction, and I guess
one of the senior members of Hizballah. Ile was ac-
tually a very pleasant man.
He was a rather stocky man. I never saw his
face, of course, was not allowed to, but my biggest
impression is of his hands. Ile has big, thick hands,
and he's paunchy. Ile would come in, and he'd take
my hand, and he'd say, "Z'ssalamu alaykum [Peace
be with you I." I'd say, "Wa alaykum essalam. Ilaj."
He'd say, "Kecf halak [Ilow arc you]?"
He was unquestionably in control. I mean, they
jumped when he came. Ile almost always spoke soft-
ly, and he almost always seemed reasonable. He was
not vicious to us, as some of the guards were, partic-
ularly when he wasn't there.
Q.If he came into the room nou', what would you say
to irirn?
A. Ooh, that's much, much too difficult. I have no
reason to like the man. Ile was responsible for hav-
ing me kidnapped and for chaining me to a wall. I
don't want to see hint ever again, and I have no idea
what I would say to him.
Q. You were with 7tv-rtl I1/ailc/hra loztq lime. What
was he like as a fellow prisoner?
rrpp RR~~yyTT I tnn~. %rw IN, 1992 CPYRGHT 57
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 Approved For
"You can't lock
five men in a
room for 24
hours a day
without
fighting about
something.
Sometimes i .
would LC
sIV[aaIi a'_
off IT`\'
or in
car Ei acs ; ,
@ke t[ic: v
you p=ha;.
bridge.
R..e qv9 /98/i(Aos4IA-MPS"OI'89P
personality. There were disagreements in the
room. I have nothing bad to say about Mr. Waite. I
think he's a very, very courageous man, and I ad-
mire what he tried to do. About half the year we
were together, he had extreme asthma, to the point
where I thought he was going to die on us. He
would hyperventilate himself to unconsciousness.
It's very difficult to live in a small room with a man
who has got asthma, because you don't get any
sleep. He's gasping all night long and having crises
and attacks.
Q. What were the disagreements about?
A. You can't lock five men in a room for 24 hours a
day without fighting about something. Sometimes it
would be something as small as "Stay off my cot, or
my mattress," or "I don't like the way you play
bridge," or something like that.
Q. You were moved to different locations about 20
times. How did they move you?
A. Usually in the trunk of a car or quite often in a se-
cret compartment built under the bed of the truck
and bolted in. They would come in, and they'd take
this wide plastic tape, shipping tape, and they'd tape
you up. Then they would wrap a towel around your
head this way and over your eyes: Youwere just like
a mummy.
Q. How could you breathe?
A. They left your nose out. A couple of times I had
fights with them. I had to struggle and buck and go
"Mmmmm!" because I had a cold. I had to make
them understand that they couldn't completely cov-
er my mouth, because I couldn't breathe. You'd get
exhaust fumes underneath the truck. I was deathly
afraid during one move that I was going to vomit-I
was very sick, and of course my mouth was taped
up-and that I would choke to death on my vomit.
When we went to South Lebanon, it was four or five
hours underneath that thing.
Once they dressed me in a chador [the head-to-
toe veil of strictly religious Muslim women] and put
those little round spot Band-Aids on my eyes, and
then they put the sunglasses on. Well, the Band-
Aids came loose, and with the prescription sun-
glasses on, I could see perfectly well. So I was sitting
in the back of the car with a guard sitting next to
me, just kind of peering around.
Q. What do you think about the Iran-contra affair?
A. It was a bad mistake. Those kinds of bargains
are not the way to deal with kidnappers. They only
encourage more kidnapping. I think it made it very
difficult for Reagan to convince the kidnappers
that he was still a virgin, that he wasn't going to
bargain with them, because he had already done it
once.
04()O0OO1f4rly plain, and they're not all t iat
They are paranoid in the way they look at the
world. They see America as the Great Satan that
does everything wrong, and yet it is all-powertul,
and therefore all American acts must be deliberate;
they can't be the result of accident or misunder-
standing, or simply stupid policy.
Q. Do you think Westerners understand this
mentality?
A. No, not at all. Even many of the hostages after
some years of it could not understand it, could not
grasp it. We need to understand these people, we've
got to understand their motives, how their minds
Q. What did they allow you to read in captivity?
A. At various times we did have a lot of books. The
book I got first was the Bible, and I kept that almost
I read that over and over and over and over and over
again and thought about it. That book was by far the
most important to me and remains the most impor-
We Lot westerns, we got science fiction, we got
very interesting. Then when we moved to the Bekaa
us TIME and Newsweek and the Economist and, for
sonie'reason,-FORTUNE and Business Week fairly
regularly.
Q. Did your philosophical outlook change while you
were a captive?
A. I was brought up a Catholic. I left the church and
was an apostate for most of my life. 1 called myselt
an agnostic, which simply means I was too lazy to
figure it out. I returned to the church, luckily
enough, about six months before I was kidnapped. I
believed in God, I believed in Jesus Christ, I believed
in the things the Catholic Church believed in. Well,
too much, but I am a Catholic, whether he likes it or
not. And thinking seriously about my religion was
providential, I guess, because I needed it very badly
Q.After being awayfrom the U.S. so long, what has
struck you on your return?
A. I think it's a better world, in general. Despite the
events of the past few days, I think America is also
making progress. I think it is a better place than
I had worked through in my head a lot about
my life before I was kidnapped that I didn't like. I
thought of myself as not a good person. Ana pray-
of that, gave me a different way of looking at
Q. During your years as a captive, you were constant-
11. exposed to the beliefs of your kidnappers about
themselves and the rest of the world. What were they
salting?
A. They were radicals within the fundamentalist
movement.'I'he way they interpret their religion al-
lows them to do things or to justify to themselves
doing things that any normal reading of the Koran
would find insane or evil. I've read the Koran; I'm
",.4 itn Iclnm ,.'y".,.- h,,t 0- .vnrrlc and the con-
things.
Q. Do you have any bitterness toward the people who
held you_/br so long?
A. I don't have any time for it. I don't have any
need for it. It is required of me as a Christian to
wish them no ill in their lives. My life is very,
very busy--it is full of joy. The world is fresh and
55 TIME', u.Ati IS, 1992
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CPYRGHT
A42 FREDAY, MARCEE 16,1990
Moslem Group Threatens
To Kill Three Hostages
AR
photograph of Robert Polhill, one of three
American educators kidnapped in 1987.
The others are Alann Steen and Jesse
Turner.
The statement denounced "media reports
about humanitarian moves to free the hos-
tages" and asked "the authors of these
moves not to interfere in this matter be-
cause we are holding agents and spies
against our people, and they will be exe-
cuted if the American administration fails to
meet our demands."
BEIRUT-A Moslem faction holding
three American professors hostage threat-
ened yesterday to kill them if the United
States fails to meet its demands, which it
did not specify.
The group, the Islamic Jihad for the Lib-
eration of Palestine, also threatened to at-
tack airlines that carry Soviet Jewish im-
migrants to Israel.
The organization, believed made up of
Shiite Moslems loyal to Iran, made the
threats in a statement delivered to the
newspaper An-Nahar, accompanied by a
Mongolians Promised Vote
^ ULAN BATOR, Mongolia-Mongolia's
new Communist Party leaders promised to
hold the country's first free elections after
69 years of communist dominance.
CPYRGHT
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 CPYRGH
A New Victim
in Lebanon
Terrorists kidnap a U.S. officer serving
with unprotected United Nations observers
--- - ---GPYRGHT
The first reports were bad enough. A
U.S. Marine Corps officer attached
to a United Nations peacekeeping
unit had been kidnapped in south
ern Lebanon, apparently by pro-
T Iranian gunmen. The victim, Lt. Col. Wil-
liam R. Higgins, 43, instantly disappeared
into Lebanon's terrorist underground,
where eight other Americans have long
been held prisoner. Then came word that
made the nation's newest hostage drama
look even more serious. It turned out that
in his previous assignment, Higgins had
worked in the office of Caspar Weinberger,
who was secretary of defense at the time.
Contrary to usual practice, Higgins went
from his sensitive post at the Pentagon to a
new job as an unarmed, unguarded U.N.
observer in lawless Lebanon, with an
American flag sewn on his shoulder.
It wasn't clear what Washington could
do to help Higgins. President Reagan off-
handedly told reporters that "we'll try to
get him located, and certainly we want to
rescue him." Fearful of increasing the risk
to Higgins, White House aides quickly said
that they had no idea where he was being
held and insisted that no rescue mission
DI PARTMENT OF PN
A glaring security breach: Higgins in the field
as in the works. he a mml
trongest hope was that other Muslim mili-
iamen would track Higgins down and take
im away from the rival Shiites who kid-
apped him-a perilous undertaking at
est. Meanwhile. Washington tried not to
hink about the glaring security breach
hat allowed Higgins to go to Lebanon in
he first place.
For more than 48 hours, the Pentagon
anaged to keep a lid on Higgins's back-
round. The Defense Department's new
spokesman, Assistant Secretary Dan How-
ard, easily persuaded Pentagon corre-
spondents not to publicize the fact that
"Rich" Higgins had spent two years as a
relatively low-ranking aide to Weinberger.
But that was hardly a secret; Higgins's as-
signment was listed in recent editions of the
Pentagon phone book, which is sold to the
public. Two days after the kidnapping, a
Beirut radio station revealed the Weinber-
ger connection. With Higgins's cover
blown, the Pentagon announced that he
had served as "a junior military assistant"
and was "one of 36 people who worked in the
immediate office of the secretary," where
"handled hp, a rwork and other adminis-
t
Weinberger's top military assistant was C
lin Powell, then an Army major general and
now Reagan's national-security adviser.
Higgins, who is married to a Marine ma-
jorandhasateenage daughter, volunteered
for duty with the United Nations in Leba- J
non. He was facing one of the toughest
"cuts" in an officer's career, the jump from
lieutenant colonel to full colonel, and there
was a shortage of jobs in which he could
stand out. "He wanted a field command,"
said one colleague, "and he wanted some-
thing that was adventuresome, where he
could be independent." The U.N. assign-
ment would give him command of 75 truce
observers and could open the door to other
political-military slots in Washington.
Pulling strings: He was well qualified for
the job, having specialized in Middle East
issues during a hitch on the Pentagon's
International Security Affairs staff. Hig-
gins pulled strings to get the U.N. assign-
ment, which normally goes to an Army
officer. Pentagon gossip had it that Wein-
berger's influence won him the post; in any
case, his position on the secretary's staff
gave him what the military calls "juice."
32 NEWSWEEK : FEBRUARY 29, 1988
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 Approved For Release
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
ragnet for abducted
wo LEBANON, From Al
M1er Group, Lebanon, since Jan. 8. The
ggroup, made up of officers from 16
;,,countries, is attached to the 5,800-
"tman, nine-nation UNIFIL, deployed
k+~.
in south Lebanon since 1978 to police
the border with Israel.
Higgins was the third U.N. offi-
"h''cial to be kidnapped in south Leba-
"non in two weeks and the 25th for-
w eigner being held in the country.
Amal spokesmen refused to say
"whether they believe Higgins was
--seized by the militant, pro-Iranian
Hezbollah, or Party of God, which
111;,'Jas been vying with Amal for domi-
,'fiance of the south. Hezbollah fac-
-'tions in Beirut are believed to hold
,most of the 24 other hostages.
bab Plainclothes militia security men
In cars blocked roads along the Li-
nani River from the Mediterranean
coast 25 miles inland to the slopes of
;Vlount Hermon.
Uniformed militiamen armed
with submachine guns and rocket-
propelled grenade launchers pa-
AP Ued iFd9 slues r(2G10W8i08
coast from the Qassmieh Bridge
flet0O7894O4O1-3
-
-
1
hunts
0. S
's
Marine
TYRE, Lebanon (AP) - United
Nations peacekeeping troops and
Shiite Moslem militiamen sealed off
300 square miles of southern Leba-
non today, searching for a kidnapped
U.S. Marine officer who heads a
U.N. observer team.
Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, 43,
was abducted yesterday by gunmen
who blocked a highway and pulled
him from his car. His abduction
brought to nine the number of Amer-
icans held hostage in Lebanon.
U.N. troops and Justice Minister
Nabih Berri's Shiite Moslem Amal ..
militia combed the region around
tl,, ancient port of Tyre' as the
search went into its second day.
"We hope the kidnappers will
have no chance of slipping out with
their captive. That's why all exits
have been blocked," an Amal spokes-
man said.
Timilr Goksel, spokesman for the
U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon, or
UNIFIL, said the search had U.N.
`peacekeeping troops operating in
Ct*ir zone and Amal militia active in
othtN,non-U.N. sectors.
He said ~l "has vowed to car-
ry on the search until Higgins is
found." ? . i
Official's said two gunmen in a
brown Volvo car seized Higgins af-
ter blocking the coastal highway
three miles south of Tyre. Higgins
was driving back to UNIFIL head-
quarters in the border town of
Naqoura after meeting Amal offi-
cials.
Higgins, of Danville, Ky., has
commanded the 76-member Observ-
LT. COL. WILLIAM HIGGINS
Pulled from car by gunmen
American
ment's military commander in south
Lebanon, and security chief Moham-
med Harqous.
"They have personal orders from
Berri that no one sleeps until we get
the man back," the spokesman told
the Associated Press.
He said Amal was "anxious to
protect and safeguard UNIFIL irre-
spective of the nationality of the
peacekeepers. Amal views Higgins'
abduction as a deliberate challenge."
Security sources said French spe-
cialists were dispatched to Tyre
from UNIFIL headquarters to inter-
rogate an unidentified Lebanese bus
driver who claimed he witnessed the
abduction.
"The French have managed to
draw a face sketch of the gunman
north of Tyre to the scene of the ab- the eyewitness says he saw pointing
duction, the spokesman added. a pistol at Higgins' head as he forced
"Our men are searching villages him into the kidnappers' car," said
in an 800-square-kilometer area one source, speaking on condition of
north, east and south of Tyre," he anonymity.
said. U.N. troops are blocking the In Washington, White House
southern exits." spokesman Roman Popadiuk said
CfAuRM86140 8014M0 000400$4131d the kidnappers responsible"
vised by Daoud Daoud, the move- for Higgins' safety.
 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
CPYRGHT
S. Marine Officern UrS.
Abducted in Lebanon
Gunmen Seize Colonel Working With U.N.
. By Nora Boustany
Special to The Washington Post
BEIRUT, Feb. 17-A U.S. Ma-
rine officer in charge of a U.N. ob-
server group in Lebanon was kid-
naped by unknown gunmen today as
he drove in a two-car convoy near
the southern port city of Tyre.
The officer, identified by Penta-
gon officials as Lt. Col. William
;Richard Higgins, 43, of Wood-
bridge, Va., was seized after leavin
a meeting in Tyre with Abdel Ma
feed Saleh, a senior political officia
of the mainstream Shiite Mosle
Amal group, Amal officials said.
By late tonight there was n
claim of responsibility for the attac
and no indication of who might hay
carried it out or of the motive.
The kidnaping, which brings t
nine the number of Americans hel
captive in Lebanon, brought imme
diate expressions of concern fro
the White House and the Unite
Nations, whose peace-keepin
forces in southern Lebano
mounted a wide search for the miss
ing officer.
"Most of [the U.N. peace-keepin
force] is involved in the search, i
cluding helicopters, and we are get
ting substantial help from Amal,
Timor Goksel, spokesman for th
U.N. peace-keeping force, said.
The White House called for th
prompt release of Higgins. Pres
dent Reagan, asked about the ki
naping as he boarded Air Force On
in California to return to Washin
ton after a vacation, said, "We'r
still investigating, trying to lear
more about it."
U.N. Secretary General Javi
Perez de Cuellar, traveling in A
rica, expressed "profound concern
a U.N. spokesman in New Yo
said, and Undersecretary Gener
Marrack Goulding, who is traveli
in. k, 8 a Rijn?,.
is efforts to gain lgginsrelease,
The kidnaping came just 12"da
after two Scandinavian officials
the U.N. Relief and Works Agenc
which administers the Palestini
refugee camps in the Middle Ea
were kidnaped by unknown gunm
in southern Lebanon, and it rais
new fears for the safety of the tho
sands of foreigners working in v.
ious U.N. organizations in chao
Lebanon.
Higgins served with the U.
a
Truce Supervision Organization,
small unit that, since its formati
e
in 1948, has supervised armist'
d
agreements between Israel a
See LEBANON A19 Col.3
Unit Leader
Had Sought
Lebanon Duty
By Molly Moore
and Lynda Richardson
Washington Post Staff Writers
Marine Lt. Col. William
Richard (Rich) Higgins, kid-
naped by gunmen in Lebanon
yesterday, "actively sought"
the post with the U.N. obser-
vation unit he heads in that
country, according to Penta-
gon officials.
Higgins, 43, lived in Wood-
bridge when he was assigned,
last June to the Lebanon Ob-
server Group, part of the
U.N. Truce Supervision Or-
ganization that operates
throughout the Middle East,
Pentagon officials said. Last
month, he became chief of the
75-member Lebanon unit,
which includes 16 U.S. mil-
itary officers, officials said.
Pentagon and State Depart-
ment officials said yesterday
that Higgins' kidnaping has
not triggered discussions
about removing the remaining
U.S. team members from
Lebanon.
"These people are not as-
signed as a national contin-
gent," said State Department
spokesman Charles E. Red-
man. "There are U.S. officers
assigned to this organization,
and as such, they are under
the authority and responsibil-
ity of this [U.N.] organiza-
lion.? ~:.~~.r .. .
Some Pentagon of rf is ex-
presbed concern over the vul-
.;, bility,?;oL,U . sere
ing in Lebanon, ? nQ ng "tha
the State Department has
recommended for the past
several years that American
civilians leave that country.
But other military officials
noted that the United States
has participated in the U.N.
unit since it was formed in
1948 and did not withdraw its
members even after the 1983
bombing of the Beirut Marine
barracks, in which 241 Ma-
rines rines and other U.S. person-
nel died.
The Lebanon Observer
See MARINE, A19, Col.1
CPYRGHT
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USA TODAY - THURSDAY, FEBRUAFI.
CPYRGHT
The .other eight
held in Lebanon
LT. COL. WILLIAM HIGGINS
Pulled from car by gunmen
Terry Anderson, corre-
spondent for Associated
Press, was kidnapped.
March 16, 1985. -
Thomas Sutherland, agri
culture dean at America
University of Beirut, wa
seized June 9, 1985.
Edward Tracy, a writer
from Vermont who was liv-
ing in Beirut, was abducted
Oct. 21,1986'.
Jesse Turner, a math in-
structor at Beirut University
College, was kidnapped
Jan. 24, 1987.
mericans
'erry Anderson, 40, chief Middle East corre-
spondent of The Associated Press. Kidnapped
March 16,1985.
Thomas Sutherland, 56, agriculture dean at the
American University of Beirut. June 9,1985, --
Frank Reed, 55, director of the Lebanon Interna-
tional School in Beirut. Sept. 9, 1986.
Joseph Cicippio, 57, acting controller of the.``:;
Edward Tracy, 57, author. Oct. 21 1986
Frank Herbert Reed, direc-
tor of Lebanese Intema-
tional School, was kid-
napped Sept. 9, 1986:
Robert Polhill, a business
professor at Beirut Univer-
sity College, was seized'
Jan. 24, 1987.
-CJesse Turner, 40, visiting professor of maths
mut ics and computer science at Beirut Unive'r-
-00- Roy?rt Polhill, 53, assistant professor of busi-
at Bel
itC
l
24
8
.,..
o
lebFVan,
, 1/
/.
---'y
Alann Steen, 48, journalism professor at Beirut
University College. Jan. 24, 1987.
Marine It. Col. William Higgins, 43, head of a U.N,
observer group attached to the U.N. Interim:jk;
Force in Lebanon. Feb. 17,1988:,
Joseph Cicippio, comp-
tro9er at American Univer-
sity in Bei'r'ut, was kid-
napped Sept. 12, 1986.
r~. n
Alann Steen, a journalism
professor at Beirut Univer-
sity College, was kid-
napped Jan. 24, 1987.
CPYRGHT
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CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
ATTAR-SYGMA
Hostage Escape Attempt
A lann Steen, one of nine
American hostages still
held in Lebanon, tried to escape
from his terrorist captors but
was caught and beaten, U.S. in-
telligence has learned. Fellow
hostage Mithileshwar Singh,
an Indian with U.S. resident
status who was freed last
month in Damascus, has told
U.S. officials that Steen didn't
make it far before neighbors in
the Beirut suburb where he was
held last year spotted him and
turned him in. Several fillings
were knocked out of Steen's
teeth when he was beaten,
Singh said.
One of three teachers cap-
tured with Steen from the Bei-
rut University College campus
in 1987, Singh told U.S. officials
he was treated better than the
Americans because he is Indi-
an. The four men were kept in
Beirut but moved frequently
because their captors feared a
U.S. rescue effort. Most of the
time they were chained and
sometimes blindfolded. Their
captors never talked politics;
critical of the United States,
they also fantasized about a
U.S. visit. All four hostages had
expected to be released around
Election Day or the presiden-
tial Inaugural, Singh said.
The Taxmen
Strike Again
It was just the sort of heartless
harassment that has made the
Internal Revenue Service one
of the most resented arms of the
Federal Government. A while
ago, the IRS sent a computerized
notice to journalism professor
Alarm Steen, telling him that if
he did not cough up back taxes
due on his 1984 return within
30 days, the tax collectors
would take him to court. But
there was a hitch. For the past
21 months, Steen has been one
of the Americans held hostage
by Islamic terrorists in Leba-
non. As such, Steen, 49, seems
to qualify for the unofficial IRS
policy not to pursue hostages or
prisoners of war. That exemp-
tion expires once a hostage is
freed. It may be enough to
make captivity look just a little
bit appealing. ^ I
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CPYRGHT
Israel Says 5 Hezbollah Guerrillas Killed
Associated Press
JERUSALEM, Aug. 24-Israeli
troops ambushed and killed five
guerrillas of the pro-Iranian Hez-
bollah group in southern Lebanon
today, the Army command said. Six
of the soldiers were wounded.
Guerrilla and Israel artillery bat-
teries exchanged fire after the bat-
tle, and the attacking soldiers
moved back behind their lines, Is-
rael television reported.
Hezbollah, or Party of God, is an
umbrella group for Shiite Moslem
extremists believed to be holding
American hostages in Lebanon. The
clash was near the village of Kaou-
kaba, north of Israel's security zone
in southern Lebanon.
The zone, up to 10 miles wide, is
patrolled by about 1,000 Israeli sol-
diers and more than 1,000 out
Lebanon Army militiamen trained
and financed by Israel. The Army
command said the Israeli force op-
erated in Lebanese territory on a
search-and-destroy mission.
The Army command said five of
the soldiers were treated on the
spot and a sixth was slightly wound-
ed and hospitalized.
Israeli troops were last known to
operate outside the security zone in
May, when they attacked two Hez-
bollah strongholds, killing more
than 40 guerrillas. Three soldiers
died in those attacks.
In Nablus, in the occupied West
Bank, Israeli soldiers shot and
wounded up to 15 Palestinians today.
Troops fired on Palestinians who
hurled stones and burned tires in the
central market, the Army said.
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TON POST 0 r
JACK ANDERSON and DALE VAN ATi'A
Why Khomeini's Designated Heir Quit
CPYRGHT
T he fanatical followers of Iran's Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini tortured their own
ambassador to the United Nations nearly to
death. that was the last straw that drove
Khomeini's designated successor to resign last
month, according to a highly sensitive Central
Intelligence Agency report.
The report details the secret struggle between
Khomeini and Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri,
who was designated in 1985 as Khomeini's heir.
According to the CIA, Montazeri was furious over
the arrest of Mohammed Mahallati, Iran's
ambassador to_,the_ t,Jnited ations. he Pasdaran,
Khomeini's Revolutionary Guard Corps, claimed
that"Mahallati?was?not'faithful to the revolution.
They arrested him in Tehran and tortured him until
he had a heart attack. He was rushed to the
hospital in critical;condition.,
It was too much for Montazeri, who had long
been disgusted with Khomeini's abuse of civil rights
in his country. The resignation doesn't make
Montazeri a saint. Even at his most charitable, he is
by no means A nice guy. It was Montazeri who
called for attacking 'Americans anywhere in the
world after the USS. Vincennes shot down an
Iranian airliner mistaken for a bomber last summer.
For years, Montazeri has supported terrorism
against:Americans -
Montazeri's faction leaked the story of the U.S.
arms-for-hostages deal to a Lebanese magazine in
November 1986. Montazeri had hoped that the
exposure would cripple the chief backer of the deal,
U ian Speaker of the Parliament Hasherni
sanjani.
Instead of being mad at Rafsanjani, Khomeini
turned on Montazeri and had at least 200 of
Montazeri's followers arrested, including his son,
son-in-law and brother-in-law. The brother-in-law,
Mehdi Hashemi, was tried for various "crimes" and
executed in September 1987.
Montazeri wisely kept a low profile after that
episode, but would occasionally object to
Khomeini's repressive domestic policies.
Last summer, when Khomeini's regime hit rock
bottom and had to accept a cease-fire in its long and
bloody war with Iraq, Montazeri was emboldened.
He wrote at least two secretaetters::of.protest to
Khomeini about. the torture hnprisonment-and
executions of political opponents. Thousands of dissidents, many of them members
of the anti-Khomeini People's Mojahedin, have' been
imprisoned without trial and tortured to make'them
admit the error of their ways or cough up the
names of their compatriots. Khomeini ordered
wholesale executions of his opponents after the
cease-fire. He feared that without the distraction of
a war, his internal enemies could foment rebellion.
Montazeri's objections festered for months.
Khomeini became increasingly angry with the man
who was once his student, whom he called "the,
light of my life"
` ,~;
With.Montazeri fiita~ p tesrover the torture of
the U.N. ambassador, Khomeini demanded his
resignation. Khomeini said it.was clear Montazeri
didn't have the stuff to succeed him to this "very
grave responsibility that requires endurance more
than your capacity."
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TON POST ... 'IONDAY, APRIL 17,198SA17
,'SAL PAGE
CPYRGHT
Can Nominee Illuminate Hostage Deal?, .
State Dept.s Bartholomew Was on Scene of First Arms Shipment CPYRGHT
By Walter Pincus
Washington Post Staff Writer
Reginald Bartholomew, whose
confirmation hearing as President
Bush's choice for undersecretary of
state for security affairs, science
and technology takes place today
before the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, was on the scene
for the first, and one of the more
mysterious, arms-for-hostages ship-
ments in the Iran-contra affair.
He was the U.S. ambassador in
Beirut when Israeli shipments to
Iran of 508 American-made TOW
antitank missiles led to the release
on Sept. 14, 1985, of the Rev. Ben-
jamin Weir, one of six Americans
then held by Islamic Jihad, a group
of pro-Iranian extremists.
The background of that first
arms-for-hostages shipment, and
particularly the involvement and
knowledge of it by then-President
Reagan and his top Cabinet advis-
ers, has never been publicly ex-
plored, although it formed the foun-
dation of the Iran-contra scandal.
In their first statements, shortly
after reports appeared in November
1986 about the arms sales to Iran,
Reagan and others said they had not
known about the September 1985
shipments and their relationship to
Weir's release. The president and his
aides have always said the operation
was run solely by the Israelis.
Materials released by the White
House-authorized Tower Review
Board, by the congressional Iran-
contra, panels, at the trial of Oliver
L. North and in. interviews with par-
ticipants show that U.S. involve-
ment in the September 1985 events
was greater than publicly disclosed.
North testified at his trial last
week that there was ongoing intel-
ligencemonitoring of the: planning
by the Iranians and Israelis for the
September shipment and U.S. re-
sponses. "We were aware when
Rev. Weir was going to be re-
leased," North said. "We didn't
know which hostage it was or how
many there would be. We had to
position people in places where he
could be safely recovered and
brought back to the United States."
Government sources have de-
scribed how a U.S. aircraft carrier
was moved near the Lebanese coast
and Delta Force commandos were
put aboard to be ready to attempt
to free any hostages not released in
response to the arms shipment.
Under the plan, a counterterror-
ist team would be sent into Beirut
in hopes it could track the hostage
release operation. If all six Amer-
icans were not freed, the plan called
for trying to follow the hostage-
holders back to their headquarters
and mounting a rescue operation
after the location of remaining pris-
oners was determined.
Weir was released "Sept. 14, but
his freedom was kept secret. He
was flown to the U.S. carrier and
interrogated by the head of the Del-
ta Force, then transferred to Nor-
folk and questioned again. On Sept.
18, when it became apparent no
more hostages would be freed and
the counterterrorist teams had
failed to locate the others, Weir's
release was announced.
At his trial last week, North said
that "at the direction of the pres-
ident" he met with Weir, carrying a
letter from Reagan "in an effort to
assure Rev. Weir that his cooper-
ation was necessary for us to be
able to help rescue the other-or
recover the other hostages."
Bartholomew, who has been in-
formally interviewed, but never
called as a witness in any of the in-
vestigations, was identified by Sec-
retary of State George P. Shultz in
his 1986 appearance before the
Tower board as having informed
him on Sept. 4 that "North was han-
dling an operation that would lead
to the release of all seven hos-
tages," according to the board.
"[A U.S.] team had. been deployed
to Beirut, we were told," the report
quotes Shultz as saying. "Ambassa-
dor Bartholomew had been alerted
directly by the [National Security
Council] and would assist."
The record on this first arms-for-
hostage effort is far from clear, and
Bartholomew's knowledge could help
in reconstruction of those events. .
Reagan has said he cannot re-
member if his authorization of the
Israeli September arms transfer
took place before or after the event.
Then-national security adviser
Robert C. McFarlane, who said it
was authorized beforehand,' has
been fuzzy in his recollections of
how the shipments occurrej.
Then-Defense Secretary Caspar
W. Weinberger, who/ received
copies of the electronic intercepts
that North said monitored events
closely, has maintained he knew
nothing about the arms shipment
and its relationship,to the hostages.
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Syria, Iran Impose
Truce in Lebanon
Halt in Shiite War Seen Aiding Hostages CPY GHT
By Nora Boustany
Washington Post Foreign Service
CPYRGHT
BEIRUT, Jan. 30-Syria and Iran
the chief supporters of two warring
Lebanese Shiite Moslem factions,
signed an 'agreement today that is
intended to impose a truce on the
rival groups and allow the pro-Iran-
ian Hezbollah forces to return to
southern Lebanon. Officials from all
three countries expressed hope that
the accord also will help gain the re-
lease of foreign hostages.
Leaders of the pro-Syrian Amal
movement and representatives' of
Hezbollah, which is backed and fi-
nanced by"Iran, grudgingly met ;and
embraced in Damascus after signing
a pact negotiated by Iran and Syria.
Sys Foreig Mmistec..Farnuk.
Charaa attended the signing ceiemo-
nyand told reporters later: "Any pos-
itive step in Lebanon like this will
help gain the release of hostages."
1in F=ig Minister----Ali
Akb r1e]ayati expressed the same
wises when prodded to comment on
the issue. "Anyhow," he said, "we do
hope that all hostages, despite their
nationalities, will be freed very soon
on humanitarian grounds."
Amal leader Nabih. Berri asked
about the fate of U.. arine Lt.
Col. William Higgins, abducted. by
Hezbollah ' on Feb. 17, 1988, said
that the. agreement did not specif-
ically deal with the hostages but he,
too, sounded an optimistic note.
"I can, say I am sure this agree-
ment will help the release of the
hostages [as] quickly' as possible,
but I cannot say _or give a date for
that," Berri said.
Under today's agreement, secu-
rity in Beirut's southern suburbs,
where most of the foreign hostages
reportedly are held' would be con .
sideredas part off Beirut's overall
security, which -'in; theory, at least,
Puts. the .mainly ~hnte slums, under'
'in airy, case, the; intensity of Syrian
and' Iranian peace-making ` efforts
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into focus.
The plan signed today was the out-
come of long talks over the past
week between Char and Velayati
as well as senior Ama) and Hezbollah
officials. The accord, worked out to
end bitter fighting that has killed
more than 150 people in the past
three weeks, was a setback to efforts
by Amal to shut Iran-inspired ex-
tremists out of the embattled south.
Amal fighters drove Hezbollah
from southern Lebanon last April
with the aini of. policing and paci-
fying that part of the. country to
protect it from Israeli reprisal raids
provoked by guerrilla attacks.
The agreement, however, calls for
a return to the situation before April
1988, but also provides that Amal
will be in charge. of security in south-
ern: Lebanon and allows both factions
to: carry out political, cultural and
propaganda activities there.
A vague article provide's,that Amal
and Hezbollah will establish a joint
military operations room in southern
Lebanon to "coordinate and escalate
resistance missions against Israel,
with each side retaining the right to
carry out individual operations."
An Amal spokesmen here said he
was "not exactly happy with the end
result, but it seems this is the best
they could come. up with_."
The agreement calls on both par-'
ties to, abide by a cease-fire that
was declared last Wednesday but
has been largely ignored.
The -only clear victory for the
more moderate-Amal movement is a
declaration th sides should
refrain from harming U. ce-
ee in" fo Bonne of other
international organizations . in Leb-
anon ran? c ed groups *attacked.
U-.-troops in southern Lebanon in
1986, and Hezbollah has seen them
as an, obstacle to ,its missions against
Israeli' soldiers "
In Chrism east Beirut, mean-
bile, a car omb killed two' people
and wounded 15 as the motorcade of
Phalange': Party, .President George
11~2~:~aadeli was .not hurt,
but his car was destroyed.
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JACK ANDERSON and DALE VAN ATTA
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1988 E5
CPYRGHT
Swap of Spies, Hostages in the Works?
American traitor Jonathan Jay Pollard and his
wife may be released from.a U.S. prison and
sent to Israel in a three-way trade that could
mean freedom for one or more of the American
hostages in Lebanon.
U.S. intelligence sources tell us that the White
House and. State Department are engineering the
swap, which also may involve a top Sovietspy who
has been secretly imprisoned in Israel for five
years.
Here is how the complicated trade would work:
The United States would send Pollard and his wife,
Anne Henderson Pollard, to Israel. Israel would
release a captured Soviet spy to the Soviet Union.
As the last link in the chain, the Soviet Union would
lean on Syria and Iran to negotiate the release of one or more American hostages being held by
terrorists. Syria and the Soviet Union are allies,
and Syria controls Lebanon.
The Soviets are desperate enough for the release
of their spy, Marcus Klingberg, to consider pulling
some strings for U.S. hostages. Klingberg is
believed to have entered Israel as a Jewish
"immigrant" and then penetrated Israeli military
intelligence for the Soviet Union. His career as a
spy ended in 1983 when he was arrested by Israeli
counterintelligence. Klingberg's coup in
penetrating the inner workings of Israeli
intelligence and his arrest have been kept a secret
from the Israeli people and the world.
Pollard, an American citizen, is serving a life
prison term in,the United States for spying on the
United States for Israel from 1984 to 1985. His
wife is serving a five-year term as an accessory.
The Israeli government, embarrassed that it was
caught spying on the United States, claimed that ,.:
Pollard was part of a renegade operation.:Israel has
consistently denied any interest in having Pollard
released. But our sources say Israeli officials have
been working behind the scenes, to: get Pollard out.
The Justice Department, which has jurisdiction. over Pollard, has refused to consider a swap, so the
Israelis turned to the State Department and White
House to try to cut a deal.
. Two experts in the art of spy-swapping have
been recruited to make the arrangements-East
Berlin lawyer Wolfgang Vogel and an American
rabbi in New York.
Anne Pollard's father, public relations executive
Bernard Henderson, has led the public campaign in
the United States for the release of the Pollards
and has made much of the fact that his daughter is
suffering from a stomach disorder.
If the three-way swap is carried out, it is likely
that only the Pollards' side of the triangle will be
,acknowledged publicly. The United States could
explain the release of Anne Pollard as a
humanitarian gesture. The release of Jonathan
Pollard would be harder to finesse, It would be the
first time a U.S.-born citizen and traitor was turned
over to another country.
Pollard gave the Israelis more than 1,000
classified'documents, and more than 800 of those
were top secret. His revelations included
intelligence about Syrian and Iraqi chemical
weapons, Palestine Liberation Organization radar
systems and Libyan air defenses.
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 CPYRGHT
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THE WASHINGTON POST
... WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, 1988 A29-
3 Iranian Mines Found; U.S. Ship Reports Silkworms Fired Monday;
By Molly Moore
Washingtm Post Staff Writer
No more armed clashes between U.S.
and Iranian naval forces were reported in
the Persian Gulf yesterday, but internation-
al minesweeping units found three addition-
al Iranian mines in gulf shipping channels
and confusion erupted over reports that
Iran had launched Silkworm missiles at
American warships during Monday's bat-
tles.
President Reagan said yesterday the gulf
activity was "quieting down and we hope it
stays that way" after U.S. warships at-
tacked two Iranian oil platforms in retalia-
tory action that set off a string of sea and
air battles that the Pentagon said sank
three Iranian vessels and crippled three
others.
The captain of the frigate USS Jack Wil-
-liams reported that five Chinese-made Silk-
worm missiles were launched against three
American warships during missile ex-
changes between U.S. and Iranian forces i
the Strait of Hormuz Monday.
Defense Department officials said yes-
terday they have no "positive proof' that
the Iranian missiles were Silkworms, the
most powerful in Tehran's arsenal. But the
officials said that evidence of Silkworm at-
tacks would add a new dimension to the gul
conflicts and could prompt further retali
ation against Iran.
Pentagon spokesman Dan Howard sal
that in the aftermath of Iran's renewe
mine-laying activities and Monday's battles
the United States is "reassessing" its force
in the gulf region. There are 30 Navy ship
in the gulf and north Arabian Sea, includin
the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, official
said.
A Marine Cobra attack helicopter wit
two crewmen aboard remained missing yes-
terday as nine ships and numerous helicop-
ters continued to search for it, but no othe
American military personnel were reporte
killpri inilirptl or lost during Mo day's day
long hostilities, Defense Department offi-
cials said.
They identified the missin Cobra crew-
men as Capt. Stephen C. slie, 30, and
Capt. Kenneth W. Hill, 3 , assigned to
Squadron HMLA-167 base at the New
River, N.C., Marine Corps A Station.
Pentagon officials said th e were no re-
ports of hostile fire in the ea where the
Cobra was conducting patro Monday. The
helicopter was reported mi ing after dark
when it was 40 minutes late eturning to its
base on the guided missi cruiser USS
Iranian officials reported hat 15 of their
sailors were killed and 29 uuded in Mon-
day's clashes.
A French minesweeper covered three
additional mines yesterday: as an interna-
tional mine-hunting force continued comb-
ing the central gulf area where the U.S.
frigate USS Samuel B. Roberts hit a mine
Thursday, ripping a nine-foot gash in its hull
and injuring 10 crewmen.
Pentagon spokesman Howard said yes-
terday that American, Dutch and French
vessels have found eight Iranian mines
since then, excluding the one struck by the
Roberts.
"All are new and recently laid," he said,
adding that serial numbers have identified
all of the mines as recently manufactured
Iranian weapons. He said it is unknown
whether the additional mines have been
sown since Friday.
Howard said Pentagon analysts are sift-
ing through reports that are pouring in from
U.S. units involved in Monday's gulf battles.
Many of the details remain confusing and
contradictory, officials said.
The most controversial issue involves
reports from the officers of the Williams
that their radars tracker five Silkworm mis-
siles fired from Iran at three U.S. warships
that had exchanged missile attacks with the
worm attack was supplied by a pool of U.S.
reporters who were aboard the Williams,
but Pentagon officials say they have no pos-
itive proof that any Silkworms were fired.
The journalists' pool reported that five
times the call went up on the.bridge of the
Williams: "Silkworm incoming!" -after the
ship's radar detected the missiles. Each
time the frigate turned violently to put its
stern to the oncoming missile and fire metal
particles called chaff into the air to confuse
the missile's radar guidance system.
"Everybody look astern!' Everybody look
astern!" Lt. Augustino Ponturier, the officer
of the deck, shouted.
None of the first four missiles were. close
enough to be observed visually from the
Williams, according to reports. But the re-
ported fifth attack sent crewmen sprawling
flat on the deck as a missile. crossed astern
of the ship and slammed into a nearby oil rig
with an orange-yellow flash.
Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told President Rea-,
gan and Republican leaders during a White,
House briefing yesterday that "we have no!
positive evidence to indicate that Silkworms
were used," Howard reported.
He said the Williams and the other ships
in its group "were operating well within the
envelope [range] of the Silkworms. Any
ship operating in such a circumstance that
gets a track on, the scope has to assume a
worst-case scenario."
Pentagon sources said U.S. reconnais-
sance aircraft patrolling over the Strait of
Hormuz detected no activity at known Silk-
worm sites. Officials noted that Iran has
never before fired Silkworm missiles from
its mobile launch sites along the Strait of
Hormuz, with the exception of one known
test-firing. It has launched several Silk-
worms from the Faw Peninsula at the
northern tip of the gulf-one of which hit an
American-flagged Kuwaiti tanker last Oc-
USS Wainwright takes part in search for helicopter that failed to return from a patrol Monday.
Pentagon officials speculated that in the
heat of battle the skipper and crew of the
Williams may hava misidentified the mis-
siles. The Chinesebuilt Silkworm is essen-
tially the same weapon as. the Soviet Styx
missile, which Inn has been known to
launch from surface ships.
Officials noted that half a dozen different
types of missiles and other weapons were
fired by both sides in a sea-and-air melee
that involved the Williams and two other
U.S.- ships, U.S. Ah attack planes, and two
of Iran's biggest warships, the sister frig-
ates Sabalan and S hand.
Army Maj. Barr' Willey of the U.S. Cen-
ship as "both spectacular and frightening;"
adding that contrails from missiles could be
seen in all directions.
The Pentagon reported that the Sabalan
fired a surface-to-surface missile at the Wil-
liams and antiaircraft missiles at A6s from
the USS Enterprise. The planes responded
by dropping laser-guided bombs that hit the
Iranian ship, disabling it.
The Sabalan was reported in port yester-
day. Officials said it is believed to be serf-
Meanwhile, the Sahand was struck ,by
laser-guided bombs and Harpoon antiship
missiles from the A6s, and a Harpoon from
the USS Strauss, a frigate. Left a smoking
wreck, the Sahand "has disappeared" and is
presumed sunk, Howard said.
Iranian frigate Sa } r o m e c t f f e o m R H e a f s e 2600l0$fRtitrVALMP%li06Th9RII10461e4693ip d rho was accompanying
the gulf. on two oil platforms at the Rostam field a journlists aboard the Williams, described
A rlrnmttir nrrnnnt cif the reported Silk- few days later. the scene from th flying bridge atop the
 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
.~"~~/ 1"1 /'~ I 1i rwHT
~r
Iran Breaks Diplomatic Ties With Britain
on Feb. 14 when he issued the
decree against Rushdie, whose
he declared a blasphemy a
Islam.
Last week, British Foreign
retary,Geoffrey Howe, in an eff
defusethecrisis, criticized the
as "offensive" to Moslems, the
ish government and many Br
Iran, however, rejected the ge
as insufficient to lift the death
tence against-Rushdie, who ren
in hiding under police protectic
Britain..
The first consequence of the
lomatic'': break with Britain
Iran's refusal to allow a prom
consular visit today to 53-year
businessman. Roger Cooper, N
has been detained on spy
charges in Iran for three years.
[Reuter reported that Jc
Waite, cousin of Church of Engla
envoy Terry Waite, who vanished
Beirut in 1987 and is believed hf
by pro-Iranian kidnapers, said
sympathized with Moslems
fended by the book.
["But no one could condone tl
order to kill Rushdie," Waite said.,
don't see that the British goverr
ment could have acted in any othe
way over this."]
Tehran Attacks British `Treachery,' Cites Need to Defend Islam
By Jonathan C. Randal
Washington Post Foreign Service
LONDON, March 7-Iran se-
vered diplomatic relations with
Britain today at the expiration of
Tehran's week-long grace period,
during which the two countries
failed to resolve their three-week
dispute over British author Salman
Rushdie's novel "The Satanic
Verses."
In fiery language that echoed of
the religious fervor that powered
Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution, the
nation's Foreign Ministry an-
nounced the rupture in a statement
that simultaneously accused Britain
of treacheries dating back centuries
and proclaimed Iran a global pro-
tector of Islamic honor.
In the past two centuries Britain
has been in the front line of plots
and treachery against Islam and
Moslems," the ministry statement
said, reiterating a view of British
manipulation in Iranian affairs that
has been common in Iran since the
late shah Mohamed Reza Pahlavi
was ousted a decade ago.
"The Foreign Ministry considers
itself not just the executor" of. Iran-
ian foreign policy, the announcment
added, "but in a larger scope the
executor and protector of tho for.-
eign policy of the Islamic world
against blasphemy and thus regards
defending Islam and its values as a
divine and legal responsibility."
A British Foreign Office spokes-
man said today the government-had
not yet received formal notification
of the Iranian action. That notifica-
tion would likely come by way of the
Swedish Embassy, which now rep-
resents British interests-in Tehran.
The spokesman added that the For-
eign Office would "make known its
response in due course."
Britain withdrew its five-man
staff from the Tehran embassy,
which had resumed normal opera-
tions only last November, after the
12-nation European Community
pulled out its top envoys from Iran
to protest an order of death against
Rushdie that was pronounced by
Ayatollah Ruhollah'.Khomeini, the
Iranian"spiritual leader.
The British Foreign Office spokes-
man sail; "the present situation was
entirely of, Iran's making," had been
"vigorously condemned around the
world" and "made it impossible to
conduct normal business."
Today's announcement seemed
to confirm the Iranian Foreign Min-
istry's political accedence to th(1
hard-line policies of Islamic funda-
mentalists in the governnment. The
fundamentalists have used the
Rushdie crisis to reinvigorate the
Islamic revolution, which was
drained by. Iran's eight-year war
with Iran,..and have attempted to
prevent any... diplomatic openings to
the West;
Khomeini . first invoked Iran's
claims to pan-Islamic responsibilities
CPYRGHT
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i~ I'u5T -
One Peace-Keeper Not Free to Celebrate
By Richard Homan
W e.!ongion Post Foreign Service
While most of the 10,000 U.N.
peace-keeping troops were cel-
ebrating their Nobel Peace Prize
yesterday, one of the forces' high-
est-ranking American members,
Marine Lt. Col. William R. Hig-
gins, was in his 226th day of cap-
tivity in the Middle East.
Higgins, of Woodbridge, Va.,
was kidnaped last Feb. 17 near
Tyre, in southern Lebanon,
where he was serving as head of a
76-member unit of the U.N.
Truce Supervision Organization.
.U.N.,-officials .and Higgins' fam-
ily used the occasion of the an-
nouncement yesterday to renew
demands that his captors free him.
Higgins' sister, Mary Fisher,
told United Press International in
Louisville, Ky., "I hope this proves
CPYRGHT ,
to them that they are holding a
man who was on a peace mission.
We have been praying hard since
my brother was abducted. We
hope this Nobel prize will bring an
answer to our prayers."
Higgins' captors-the Ord
ization.rof the Oppressed- on
accused him of using his
U.N. post as a cover for U.S. es-
pionage, a charge U.S. and U.N.
officials have strongly denied.
Higgins, 43, was seized by gun-
men who ambushed his U.N. ve-
hicle after he left a meeting with a
senior official of the Shiite Moslem
Amal group, Amal officials said.
The U.N. group in which Ilig-
gins served since June 1987 was
formed in 1948 to supervise armi-
stice agreements between Israel
and Arab countries. Earlier Hig-
gins served here and lived in
LT. COL. WILLIAM R. HIGGINS
226th day as hostage
Woodbridge with his wife, Marine
Maj. Robin Higgins, who is as-
signed to the Pentagon. 1
CPYRGHT
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U.S. Caut" us About `Signals' of Hostage Release
By Lou Cannon
Washington Post Staff Writer
The Reagan administration i
exploring "inconclusive signals" that
some of the nine American hostage
now held captive in Lebanon will
soon be freed, a knowledgeable
U.S. official, who asked not to b
identified, said yesterday.
But the administration is ap-
proaching the issue gingerly be-
cause of its sensitivity and because
past reports of prospective hostage
releases have not proved accurate.
White House spokesman Marlin
Fitzwater, commenting on a story
in The Wall Street Journal about
"fresh hopes" that some of the hos-
tages may be released before th
end of the year, said he knew of n
change in .the situation. Fitzwate
u '
were always worKing, 13111, WC VC
also had those hopes dashed so of-
ten that we're reluctant to read
anything into those events."
The events to which he referred
include the recent release of a West
German hostage, apparent political
changes in Iran and a message last
week from one of three Iranian-
backed terrorist groups thought to
be holding U.S. hostages. The
group released a photograph of two
hostages, Alann Steen and Jesse
Turner, and issued a statement
hinting that they might be freed if
the United States supported Pales-
tinian autonomy.
Fitzwater said Reagan plans to
raise the hostage issue next week
when he meets with a number of
the region's foreign ministers dur-
ing a two-day U.N. visit. But an of-
ficial who participated in a planning
meeting Secretary ot State o
P. Shultz conducted for the trip said
the issue would be brought up only
"peripherally."
Nonetheless, officials said they
took seriously various signals that
some U.S. hostages may be freed.
"This is such a sensitive and emo-
tional issue, it's best not to talk
about it publicly at this time," one
official said.
On other issues yesterday Rea-
gan signed a spending bill that al-
locates $1.2 billion for the fight
against acquired immune deficiency
syndrome and prodded Congress to
complete work on 13 appropriations
bills before fiscal 1989 begins Oct.
1. Reagan also urged Congress to
complete work on a $299.5 billion
defense appropriations bill similar,
in some of its features to a defense
authorization bill he vetoed earlier.
CPYRGHT A"
rt~gSd um
5
tinue the policies of the last eight
years-the policies that led the So-
viets to the bargaining table and out
of Afghanistan," Reagan said. "I
want defense legislation that will
advance national security, not sac-
rifice it on the altar of congressional
pork barrel."
At the same time, Fitzwater
praised Congress for making prog-
ress on appropriations measures
and said Defense Secretary Frank
C. Carlucci was ready to negotiate.
"We're trying to walk a fine line
between praising the Congress and
prodding it on these appropriations
matters," said an official.
CPYRGHT
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CPYRGHT
U.S. Karate Expert Frees
Himself, Bride From Captors
Washington Post Foreign Service
r
n said. o
CPYRGHT
Kenneth Wells, 25, who officials
said works in au i _ abia, and his
wife, Samia, were seized as they
left their wedding reception Baal-
bek miles east of Beirut.
Wells, who has a black belt in
karate, according to his wife, over-
powered his attackers and the cou-
BEIRUT, Sept. 12-An Amer- pie fled to a Syrian military post.
ican who had just been married to a They were taken to the U.S. Em-
Lebanese woman used karate to bassy in Damascus and released.
escape, still wearing his tuxedo
from men who tried to abduct him , In Washington, State Depart-
and his bride shortly after the wed- merit spokesman Charles Redman
ding yesterday, sources here and expressed gratitude to Syrian au-
their assistance.
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 CPYRGHT
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l;
Marlene Cordes leaves her home in Frankfurt after learning that her husband was about to be released in Beirutce-Paesse
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THE WAsIIINCTt
CRGHT
HOSTAGES IN LEBANON
Gunmen in Leh
American Marin
Terry Anderson, chief Middle East correspondent of The Associated Press,
March 16, 1985.
Thomas Sutherland, dean of agriculture at the American University of LEBANON, From Al
Beirut, June 9, 1985. neighboring Arab countries. The CPYRGHT
Frank Herbert Reed, director of the Lebanon International School in Beirut, organization's 75-man unit in Leb-
Sept. 9, 1986.
Joseph James Cicippio, acting' comptroller of the American University of anon, %yhich Higgins headed,
Beirut, Sept. 12, 1986. worked closely with the much big-
Edward Austin Tracy, author, Oct. 21, 1986. ger-and better known-U.N. In-
Jesse Turner, visiting professor of mathematics and computer science at terim Force in Lebanon, the actual
Beirut University College, Jan. 24, 1987. peacekeeping force.
Robert Polhill, assistant professor of business at Beirut University College, Higgins, according to witnesses
Jan. -4, 1987.
Alann Steen, journalism professor at Beirut University College, Jan. 24,
1987.
Marine It. Col. William R. Higgins, head of a 75-man observer group
attached to the U.N. Interim Force in Lebanon, yesterday.
Alec Collett, March 25, 1985.
John McCarthy, April 17, 1986.
Terry Waite, Jan. 20, 1987.
Marcel Fontaine, March 22, 1985.
Marcel Carton, March 22, 1985.
Michel Seurat, May 22, 1985.
Jean-Paul Kauffmann, May 22, 1985
Rudolf Cordes, Jan. 17, 1987.
Ralph Rudolf Schray, Jan. 27, 1988.
and U.N. officials here, was return-
ing to the U.N. peace-keeping
force's headquarters at Naqurah,
15 miles south of Tyre, when he
was abducted at 2:15 p.m. local
time (7:15 a.m. EST). He was driv-
ing alone in a U.N. car flying the
blue-and-white U.N. flag, they said,
following another U.N. vehicle,
.when three men armed with
Kalashnikov assault rifles inter-
cepted his car as the first vehicle
rounded a curve near Ras Ain, four
miles south of Tyre.
Witnesses said they saw the gun-
men shove Higgins into the trunk of
a red Mercedes and speed off with
him along a dirt road forking off the
main coastal highway.
When the three U.N. officers in
the first vehicle realized Higgins
was no longer following them, Gok-
"
they turned back and
~,Lz III set said,
Mithlloswar Singh (Indian), Jan. 24, 1987
Brian Keenan (Irish), April 11, 1986.
Alberto Molinari (Italian), Sept. 11, 1985
William Jorgensen (Norwegian), Feb. 5, 1988.
Jan Stoning (Swedish), Feb. 5, 1988.
Two people of unknown nationality were kidnaped Jan. 26, 1987.
found Higgins car empty.
The coastal stretch where the
attack took place is contested by
the Arnal militia and the more rad-
ical, Iran-backed Hezbollah move-
ment, which in 1986 launched rock-
et attacks against soldiers of the
NOTE: In March 1086 tstamic Jihad etaia od that Michel Souat had been killed. The following I I U.N. peace-keeping force.
month the noa-hit1enar Qrgan,zation of Socialist Moslems said Alec Ccllott had 1-on killed. Amat chief Nahih Berri went into
a closed session with key military
advisers this evenin . Hassell Tunis'
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The Lost Life
Of Terry
Anderson
The American journalist is beginning
his fifth year in captivity somewhere
in the bowels of Beirut, a coin
for a cruel human barter that no
one has been able to redeem
CPYRGHT
Imagine it. You are chained to a radia-
tor in a bare, dank room. You never
see the sun. When your captors fear
that a noise in the night is an impending
rescue attempt, you are slammed up
against the wall, the barrel of a gun
pressed against your temple. Each day
you have 15 minutes to shower, brush
your teeth and wash your underwear in
the bathroom sink. Your bed is a mat on
the floor. One of your fellow hostages tries
to escape, and the guards beat him sense-
less. Another tries to commit suicide. One
day you too reach the edge of your sanity.
You begin furiously pounding your head
against a wall. Blood oozes from your
scalp and smears down your face.
Life has been like that for Terry An-
derson ever since March 16, 1985, when
the chief Middle East correspondent for
the Associated Press was kidnaped in
West Beirut. The men who grabbed him.
members of the Shi'ite Muslim funda-
mentalist group called Hizballah, were in-
tent on swapping Western hostages for 17
comrades imprisoned in Kuwait for a ter-
rorist spree. Four long years later, Ander-
son is still held hostage. From accounts by
his former fellow captives, TIML has
pieced together a glimpse of the life he
has led.
The first day: Terry Anderson lies on
a cot in a dingy apartment in Beirut's
sprawling, bomb-ravaged Shiite slums. A
blindfold is tightly wrapped around his
head, and chains shackle a wrist and an-
kle, biting into the flesh. He can hear the
roar of jets; Beirut airport is near. The for-
mer U.S. Marine is stunned and sobs con-
stantly, frustrated, angry and afraid that
the kidnapers intend to execute him. A
guard bursts in and threatens him merely
because he creaked the bedsprings. "I am
a friend of the Lebanese," Anderson had
told his family. "They won't kidnap me. I
tell their story to the world."
Anderson is lost in the bowels of Bei-
rut, but he is not alone. In the same 12-ft.
by 15-ft. bedroom, also shackled hand
and foot and crouching on the floor of a
dirty clothes closet, Father Lawrence
Martin Jenco of Catholic Relief Services
(kidnaped Jan. 8, 1985) peers under his
blindfold at the new arrival. A month lat-
er, they are led down to the dungeon, a
basement partitioned into cramped cells
with thin plasterboard, and held prisoner
with others: William Buckley, Beirut sta-
A hostage's never ending ordeal: a
picture chronicle of Anderson's
captivity. When it suits them, the
kidnapers send Polaroids or
videotapes of their hostage to a
news agency in Beirut. The pictures
accompany the kidnapers' repeated
demands; in the videotapes,
Anderson usually pleads for help to
win his freedom. The final words in
his last message: "One day soon,
God willing, this will end."
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tion chief of the CIA (kidnaped March 16,
1984), the Rev. Benjamin Weir, a Presby-
terian missionary (kidnaped May 8,
1984), and eventually David Jacobsen, di-
rector of American University hospital
(kidnaped May 28, 1985).
The hostages are repeatedly threat-
ened with death. Their meals consist of
Arabic bread, foul-tasting cheese and tea.
Buckley's treatment reveals the full cruel-
ty of the kidnapers. He catches a bad cold
that develops into pneumonia, but the
guards show him no mercy. "Mr. Buckley
is dying," Father Jenco pleads one day.
"He is sick. He has dry heaves. Give us
liquids."
Speaking to one another in whispers,
the hostages listen to Buckley's moans as
he grows weaker, and finally delirious. On
June 3, Buckley squats on the tile floor be-
lieving that he is sitting on a toilet seat,
and food fantasies fill his head. "I'd like
some poached eggs on toast, please," he
mumbles. "I'd like an order of pancakes."
That night Buckley starts making strange
grunts and the others realize they are
hearing the rattle of death, and a guard
comes and drags Buckley's body away.
Anderson's first letter to his family con-
tains his last will and testament.
Out of the blue comes hope. At the
end of June Anderson learns that TWA
Flight 847 has been hijacked and 39
American passengers are being held.
Ilajj, the chief guard, arrives with word
that a package deal is in the works. "You
will be going home," he says.
Nothing happens. The guards, how-
ever, improve living conditions for An-
derson and the others, apparently in fear
they might fall sick and die like Buckley.
"Christmas in July" brings dinner of
Swiss steak, vegetables and fruit, medical
checkups by a kidnaped Lebanese Jewish
doctor, and the chance to start worshiping
together. Anderson, once a lapsed Catho-
lic whose faith now grows stronger by the
day, wheedles permission from Hajj to
make his confession to Father Jenco. Lat-
er, all the hostages are allowed to hold
daily services in their "Church of the
Locked Door." They celebrate Commu-
nion with scraps of Arabic bread. Ander-
son tells the guards to shut up when they
mock the Christian service.
After the first worship, Pastor Weir
reaches out and grasps Anderson, and the
two men hug. Perhaps worried that the
frail minister might be slipping, Anderson
urges him to be strong. "Don't give up,"
he tells him. "Keep going."
Another new hostage has arrived,
Thomas Sutherland, dean of agriculture
at American University (kidnaped June
9, 1985). Eventually the captors permit
their prisoners to be together all the time
and to remove their blindfolds when the
guards are out of the room.
One day in September. Hajj raises
everybody's hopes again by an-
nouncing that a hostage will final-
ly be released. lie has them play a cruel
game: they must choose for themselves
who will go free. "Think it over," he com-
mands as he walks away.
The hostages drag their agonizing dis-
cussion late into the night. Pastor Weir
and Father Jenco make no effort to put
themselves forward, and Sutherland is too
much of a gentleman. But Anderson near-
ly takes a swing at Jacobsen as the two
men engage in a bitter contest to be cho-
sen. Anderson wins the vote, but then is
devastated when Hajj refuses to abide by
the decision. "Terry Anderson will not be
the first to be released," he snaps. "Ile
might be the last one." A few nights later.
Hajj tells Pastor Weir he is going home.
On Christmas Eve the hostages hear
on the radio that Church of England envoy
Terry Waite has failed to negotiate their
freedom, and has returned to London. An-
derson is crushed. Father Jenco tries to
sing carols but is too depressed. Jacobsen
draws a crude Christmas tree on a piece of
cardboard and sticks it on the wall.
Anderson fights back boredom and de-
pression by throwing himself into habits
and hobbies. Each morning he obsessively
cleans the sleeping mats and takes spirited
40-minute walks around and around the
room. When he fashions a chess set from
scraps of tinfoil, the guards take the game
away. Anderson takes French lessons from
Sutherland, and stays up all night reading
the Bible and novels by Charles Dickens
that the guards provide.
After solitary confinement. the cama-
raderie is energizing. From memory Suth-
erland recites the poetry of his beloved
Robert Burns, in the brogue of his native
Scotland (he once played professional
football with the Glasgow Rangers). Fa-
ther Jenco takes the hostages on an imagi-
nary lour of Rome and the Vatican. An-
derson makes a deck of cards from paper
scraps, and they all play cutthroat games
of hearts.
Like sophists, Anderson the liberal
Democrat and Jacobsen the Reagan Re-
publican constantly provoke each other
into arguments to keep their minds alive.
More than the others, Anderson chal-
lenges the guards, although for some rea-
son he is beaten less frequently. He goes
on a seven-day hunger strike when they
suddenly ban the radio and the occasional
copies of the International herald Tri-
bune. He does not know it. but the news
blackout is imposed so he will not learn of
the deaths of his father and brother back
in the U.S. He does find out. hove',er, that
since his kidnaping his second daughter,
Sulome, has been born.
In July 1986 Father Jenco is freed. Ja-
cobsen goes home in November. but the
public revelation of a secret U.S. arms-
for-hostages deal with Iran torpedoes any
further releases. Two months later, Waite
the mediator is himself kidnaped
Feeling increasingly abandoned by
his government, Anderson spends much
of 1987 in isolation. In December he gets
a new roommate, French diplomat Mar-
cel Fontaine (kidnaped March 22. 1985).
Anderson is denied permission to send
out a videotaped Christmas message to
his family. The frustration becomes un-
bearable, and one day he walks over to a
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 PPYRG6?T~proved For Release 2000/0> A 9i00789R000400040001-3
wall and beats his head against it. Blood
seeps from Anderson's scalp. "Terry!"
Fontaine pleads. "Think of your family!"
All the hostages find the cruelty too
much to take. Sutherland, who had gone
to Beirut passionately hoping to help Leb-
anese farmers, is treated worse than the
others. Ile tries to kill himself by putting a
nylon sack over his head. A more recent
kidnap victim, Frank Reed, director of
the Lebanese International School (kid-
naped Sept. 9, 1986), attempts to escape
but is caught. The guards beat him vi-
ciously and break his spirit, leaving him
prostrate on the floor.
In 1988 Anderson and Fontaine find
themselves in an apartment that has car-
peting, heat and hot food. Are they being
fattened up in preparation for their re-
lease? Despite the constant disappoint-
ments, Anderson is determined to think
about his future. He ponders quitting jour-
nalism to take up farming. At last on
May 3, after he has spent more than three
years as a hostage, his time appears to have
come when a guard tells him to get ready.
"You should do the same as I'm do-
ing," Anderson says, trying to improve
the Frenchman's chances. At midnight
they come and take Anderson away. Two
hours later, Fontaine learns that it is he
who is being freed.
Fontaine remembers a conversation
with Anderson. Feeling ill and more de-
pressed than usual, he had turned to An-
derson and said, "Terry, I am not afraid to
die. But I don't want to die here and have
them throw my body into the sea like they
did with Buckley."
Anderson thought for a moment and
replied, "I don't want to die anywhere."
Five months ago, Anderson's most re-
cent videotaped message was dropped off
at a Western news agency in Beirut. Sign-
ing off, he said to his family, "Kiss my
daughters. Keep your spirits up, and I will
try to do the same. One day soon, God
willing, this will end." - With reporting by
William Dowell/Paris and Edwin M. Reingold/Los
Angeles
CF'R yaHTalso a prime suspect in the 1985 skyjacking of TWA Flight 8
The Man Who Holds the Hostages
t is no secret who holds Terry Anderson. Imad Mughniyah is his name. He is a 38-
year-old Lebanese leader of the Shiite fundamentalist group Hizballah whose his-
tory of terrorism is grislier than the record of Palestinian renegade Abu Nidal. Mugh-
niyah's villainy, U.S. officials say, runs from bombings, like the suicide attacks on the
U.S. embassy and Marine barracks in Beirut, to hijackings. He is a prime suspect in
the U.S. for his alleged role in the 1985 skyjacking of TWA Flight 847 in which a
Navy diver was murdered. And he has made a specialty of kidnaping: U.S. officials
believe that Mughniyah. under the cloak of cover names like Islamic Jihad and the
Revolutionary Justice Organization, has been involved in the kidnaping of at least 31
Westerners since 1984 and that he continues to hold most of the 13 still in captivity.
The kidnapers specifically wanted Terry Anderson. Fatefully, perhaps, the re-
porter advertised his availability the day before his capture, when he ventured into
Beirut's southern suburbs to quiz Hizballah spiritual leader Sheik Mohammed Hus-
sein Fadlallah. But Anderson's colleagues at the Associated Press believe he may
have put himself on Hizballah's blacklist as far back as 1983, when he traveled to their
stronghold in Baalbek to grill Shiite leaders about the bombing of the U.S. Marine
barracks.
The grandson of a Shiite mullah, Mughniyah trained with Yasser Arafat's Fatah
faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization. A high school dropout, he excelled
at terrorism; his boldness and quick grasp of explosives and weaponry impressed his
commanders. But he fell out with Fatah leaders and in 1982, when Israeli troops
invaded Lebanon and occupied his village, Teir Debbe, Mughniyah joined the newly
formed and more radical Hizballah (Party of God). He took to wearing religious garb
even as he recruited activists and professionals to the Shiite cause. He rose quickly to
the top of the organization, and as security chief, Mughniyah is thought to be the
group's most powerful figure. He continues to hold the Westerners captive despite
public pleas from Fadlallah that they be set free.
His original motivation was to avenge the mistreatment of Shiites in Lebanon
and to vent his hatred of the U.S. and Israel. But U.S. sources say he has become
obsessed with trying to secure the freedom of his brother-in-law Mustafa Badreddin.
and 16 other Shiites jailed in Kuwait after a 1983 bombing blitz. Mughniyah
launched his subsequent kidnaping and hijacking spree to spring the 17 in a prison-
ers-for-hostages swap. Among his victims: William Buckley, the CIA station chief,
who died in captivity.
Mughniyah reportedly gets his financing from Tehran, and is considered Iran's
man in Lebanon; his closest mentors there include conservative leaders locked in
rivalry with Iran's would-be pragmatists. Even so, Mughniyah has been forced to free
numerous American, French and West German hostages when it served Iran's inter-
ests, while his personal demands have never been met.
Mughniyah seems content to bide his time until the U.S. breaks. But he has not
tired of fi ding ways to press Hizballah's confrontation with the West. Britain's
Guarr4' ,.ewspaper reported last month that he was busy organizing mass demon-
stratint . Lebanon. The cause: demanding Salman Rushdie's death for writing The
r.ses.
42 l IME. MARCH '0. 1989
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TILE WASHINGTON POST
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1989 A35
Iranian's Unexpected`~ist to Britain
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
By Jonathan C. Randal
Washington Post Foreign Service
.,-LONDON, Feb. 7-Iranian For-
eign Minister Ali Akbar Velayati
arrived here unexpectedly today
and conferred with his Jrtttsb coup-
terparcnn` what was seem as. a pos-
sible "indication of !hawing relations
that could favor release of western
hostages. held. in Lebanon by pro-
'tranian groups.
Diplomatic sources said that Ve-.
layati's visit ~ itself-the first here
by an Iranian foreign minister since
the Islamic revolution in Tehran 10
years ago-outweighed the impor-
tance 'of his brief remarks after con-
ferring with Foreign ":Secretary
Geoffrey Howe at the 'Foreign Of-
fice.
"All of us want to work for the
release of the hostages no matter
what their nationality," he said, re-
iterating Iran's position on western
hostages, most of them British or
American, who are held by pro-
Iranian groups in Lebanon, and on
three Iranians who disappeared in
Christian-held Lebanon in 1982:
A Foreign Office spokesman de-
scribed the 90-minute meeting as
"useful." Nothing Velayati said pub-
licly suggested imminent release of
for Progress on this'
British or other hostages despite bassy in December after an eight-
renewed speculation-that Ayatollah. , year break. But after Velayati met
Ruhollah `Khomeini might make with William Waldegrave, Howe's
such a gesture to mark his decade '. deputy, in Paris` last month, rela-
in power in Tehran. tions cooled because of the Thatch-
Velayati's sudden appearance er government's insistence that
here came; to light when aLondon ' . progress depended oa the release
datelined 'dispatch' from IRNA, . of Cooper and the three Britons
Iran's 'official news agency, ; an- held -in Lebanon by the pro-.Yranian
nounced that while flying from Teh- Hezbollah faction.
ran to. Madrid, he. "was forced by They are Terry Waite, the
bad weather to break his journey:' Church of England emissary seized
He was scheduled to confer with two years ago; journalist John Mc-
Spanish officials before 'attending Carthy and teacher Brian Keenan.
U.N. discussions in New York about Velayati's visit also renewed
the stalled implementation of the speculation that Kuwait might now
Aug. 20 cease-fire in .the Persian be willing to drop its refusal to re-
Gulf war.' The IRNA dispatch did lease any of the 16 men convicted
not say where the "bid -weather" of attacks against Kuwaiti oil instal-
occurred, but meteorologists 'i& lations and the U.S. and French ectn-
ported clear weather- in both the - bassies in December 1984.
British and Spanish capitals. Sources following the situation of
Sources here said Howe told his, the western hostages suggested
visitor Britain was convinced ;that that Kuwait was considering such a
the three Iranians who; Tehran in- gesture to thank the United States
sists are still alive were killed soon for protecting Kuwaiti oil tankers
after their abduction. during the final year of the Persian
Howe expressed concern about Gulf war. Some of the men held in
the fate of journalist Roger Cooper, Kuwait are related to prominent,
a longtime British resident of Iran pro-Iranian Lebanese believed to be
detained in Tehran in 1986. Iran holding western hostages.
recently has threatened to put him Howe stopped in Kuwait during a
on trial as a spy. gulf tour last month, and Walde-
Britain reopened its Tehran em- grave is expected there shortly.
Iranian Clergy Asked toRDefer to Professionals
CPY
TEHRAN, Feb. 7-Iran's spir=
itual heir-apparent, Ayatollah Hos-
sein Ali Montazeri, today admitted
shortcomings in the 10-year-old
Islamic revolution and urged the
ruling clergy to relinquish more of
their decision-making prerogatives
to qualified professionals. ,
In a statement carried by the of-
ficial Iranian news agency IRNA,
Montazeri listed a number of inter-
nal factors including "deficiencies in
religious thinking regarding state
administration" and "insufficient
competence of the officials."
justified in seeing that there is a big
gap between what they have gained
and. what they were promised," he
said in remarks coinciding with the
revolution's 10th anniversary cel-
ebrations. "But instead of disillu-
sionment and losing hope, one
should discover the real reasons for
lack of success and think what
should be done."
He cited a long list of shortcom-
ings that have "caused the most
tremism, se is ess, monopo m,
group inclinations, injustices, ignor-
ing the people and the genuine val-
ues of the revolution, and the lack
of real power in the hands of the
people."
IRNA identified Montazeri as
"Iran's designated future leader"
and noted that this was his.first
public statement since last July's
U.N.-sponsored cease-fire with
Iraq.
damage for the revolution," warning Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
that unless' these are "redressed pushed for Montazeri's designation
before it gets late, they can no long- as his successor in 1985. But Kho-
er be compensated." meini's disciple is known to be fac-
The defects cited by Montazeri ing strong opposition from powerful
AipfKd gxgRigr*ia{l;Of l0 lddl4-R 4@i? OO04J6004 Wr4n in Tehran.
 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
`ije U3a 1jingtan Time;
CPYRGHT
launching an assault on the militia's
positions around the villages of Kfar
Milki and Kfar H-++- H
e
By Samar Kadi
UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL
shoot it out south of Beirut
53 killed as Shi-ite factions
..~ ., u~~,U~~ - rival mut-
tias battling to dominate Lebanon's
Shi'ite Moslem community ex-
changed barrages of mortars, rock-
ets and artillery fire south of Beirut
yesterday, killing at least 53 persons
and wounding 85, police and hospital
officials said.
The latest casualties in fighting
between the pro-Syrian Amal militia
and the Iranian-backed Hezbollah,
which began Dec. 31, brought the
toll to 77 killed and 146 wounded in
the inter-Shi'ite power struggle cen-
tered in Beirut's southern slums.
Fighting with machine guns and
rockets.. spilled over into Moslem
y~est Beirut or, a t it ay, bu r-
ian peacekeeping troops intervened
and no, casualties were reported
there.
House-to-house fighting was re-
ported in Iklim Al Thfah, 28 miles
south of Beirut, where Abou Ali
Hammoud, a senior Amal militia of-
ficial was killed with 10 relatives
and bodyguards, police and militia
sources said.
An Amal spokesman accused
Hezhollah of starting the clashes by
bollah fighters used knives and axes
in the assault.
"It was a real massacre.... They
took the people by surprise," the
spokesman said. "This will not go
unpunished:'
Police and hospital sources said
53 persons were killed and at least
8S were wounded in the fierce fight-
ing in the cluster of villages. Among
the wounded were a policeman and
three Lebanese Red Cross rescue
f rkers.
Witnesses said black smoke bil-
owed over Kfar Milki, Kfar Hetta,
d Ain Bouswar where dozens of
eavily armed militiamen traded
rodke o rs.an a t ery fire
positions in Kfar Milki.
"The atheists in Hezbollah
brought in fighters from the Bekaa
Valley through Israeli lines, and
slipped into Kfar Hetta and Kfar
Mid, carrying out the ugliest of
massacres, killing women, children
and elderly people," the Amal com-
munique said.
In the Amal-controlled port city
of Tyre, farther south, security
sources said the militia dispatched
300 fighters to back up its forces in
Iklim Al Tbfah.
Witnesses said Amal cars toured
the city as militiamen speaking
through loudspeakers urged the
population to donate blood to help
wounded militia fighters.
"Nothina will sto a fighting;
the two sides are ilrmine to gei
done with it until therels a loser and
a winer," the police spokesman said.
"Even if cease-fires are worked out,
the battles are bound to renew in the
absence of an all-out settlement.,,
The feud between Lebanois'two
main milita groups began last April
when Aihal evicted Iiezbbllali from
most of the south in fierce battles
that killed 62 combatants.' The fun-
Security sources said the militias,
fighting for dominance of Lebanon's
Shi'ite community, stormed each
ther's positions with grenades and
ortars.
A source said Hezbollah fighters
ptured Amal bases in Kfar Milki
d Kfar Hetta after four hours of
nabated fighting, but an Amal com-
unique said the militia fighters re-
overed Kfar Hetta and launched a
nunteratthrk k to rrranfi;- *ti,.i.. In...
Approved For Relea
49mentalists have since vowed to re-
Gl vt-P9
CPYRGHT
 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
CPYRGHT
treeu7uuu, a1uvrwu o,
Foreign Minister Roland Dumas was inKuwait' j
.
Iranian o is
...;,,:star that cnmP hostages in Lebanon iv
z 7:9 WPM--r, r-.71
o . a
brellaforgroups holding most of the Xp
ist Hezbollah, which is considered.an
promise from responsible pfficials (m Te ) t 9 k `1
a number of Western hostages held in Lebanon vy~l't
ine tnuwi a nuwa -6--J
eling with Dumas assaying. Dumas "ob dined a
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pproveld F6r Release, 2000/08/08: CIA-I DDd96-00789E 00a40d040001-3
 Kidnaped TY.Marine Officer
U.S. to Seek Release
In -Of ficial Channels
By Lou Cannon
Washington Poet Staff Writer
CPYRGHT
2. The doctors said he was coma-
tose at the time his son was kid-
Doctors said he had been under-
liam, 72, of Louisville, Ky., died
yesterday of cardiac arrest and kid-
ney failure, according to doctors at
Humana Heart Institute Interna-
tional.
Department officials said they have
never heard of the Islamic Revolu-
tionary Brigade and questioned its
authenticity.
Charles E. Redman, who also dis-
counted the idea of a U.S. military
rescue, denied assertions by a
group calling itself the Islamic Rev-
State Department spokesman
official said that, despite intensive
efforts to find Higgins, his where-
abouts and that of his kidnapers are
not known.
edged privately that the president
had raised the idea of a U.S. mili-
It. IVAKALea present: aL Lae
photo-taking session, dismissed
Reagan's statement as "just an off-
the-cuff remark of the president."
White House officials acknowl-
the U.N. and governments in the ment accompanied by a picture of
group that has supervised armistice
..-.-- ,,._ _ ,. rcement erivaatt ler et~nnd ha hen!Tlissing,AmericanTthe xn, thod
e
r am y we want LT. COL. WILLIAM It HIGGINS sation with an international news
to rescue him." ... seized Wednesday in Lebanon agency in Beirut, accused Higgins
A White House official promptly of being "one of the directors of the
discounted the idea that the admin- where he was on duty as head of a CIA in southern Lebanon." He said
istration might be planning a rescue 75-member U.N. observer team the "hostage will not be freed until
attempt, saying "the president was that is part of the U.N. Truce Su- after his trial," and said the captors
referring to ongoing efforts through pervisory Organization a am all would follow up with another state-
plied. "We're trying to find out as y e 1 one o t e areas many in ttant,
much as we can, and we'll t to et a K pro-Iranian factions.
t ? I try get The caller, in a telephone conver-
him located and
" Reagan ~t xti and most suspicions pointed toward
everything we can, re- f h
Authorities Doubt
Responsibility Claim
By Nora Boustany
Special to The Washington Post
Reagan administration offlcialsi 'r
, Lebanon, Feb. IS-
PYRE
said yesterday that U.S. efforts to, Around-the-clock searches by U.N.
secure the release of abducted Ma. peace-keeping troops and Shiite
rine Lt. Col. William R. Higgins wills Moslem militiamen in the muddy
be undertaken through the United' d~ , t I ` a s; countryside of southern Lebanon
Nations and governments in them turned up no sign today of U.S. Ma-
Middle East rather than by U.S. rine Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, the
military forces. head of a U.N. observer group who
President Reagan raised the pos- ~$ was kidnaped by gunmen near here
sibility of a rescue attempt when he yesterday.
was asked at a White House photo- An anonymous caller in Beirut
taking session if there was anything claimed responsibility for the kid-
he "could do for Col. Higgins," kid- naping on behalf of a previously un-
naped Wednesday in Lebanon by known group called the Islamic
unknown gunmen. Revolutionary Brigades, but author-
"I have to tell you we're doin ~t i