TRACK I TRAINING R&D

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• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2000
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• Publication Date: March 21, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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Final Report
TRACK I TRAINING R&D (U)
By: HAROLD E. PUTHOFF MARTHA J. THOMSON
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301
Attention: SG 1 J
SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM FOR GRILL FLAME.
RESTRICT DISSEMINATION TO ONLY INDIVIDUALS WITH VERIFIED ACCESS.
NOT RELEASABLE TO
FO,~EIGN NATIONALS
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A.
[phone]
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40 16-1%w 9%-Lm- t
Final Report December 1984
Covering the Period October 1983 to October 1984
TRACK I TRAINING R&D (U)
By: HAROLD E. PUTHOFF MARTHA J. THOMSON
DEFENSE ITTI~LGENCE AGENCY Contract No. DAMD17-83-C-3106
WASH I NGT 20301
SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM FOR GRILL FLAME.
RESTRICT DISSEMINATION TO ONLY INDIVIDUALS WITH VERIFIED ACCESS.
ROBERT S. LEONARD, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
DAVID D. ELLIOTT, Vice President
Research and Analysis Division
Copy No. ..........
This document consists of 33 pages.
SRI /G F -0270
CLASSIFIED BY: DT-5A
REVIEW ON: 31 December 2004
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FOREIGN NATIONALS
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ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
I OBJECTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
II INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B. Description of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1. Stage I (Major Gestalt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Stage II (Sensory Contact) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Stage III (Dimension, Motion, and Mobility) . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Stage IV (General Qualitative Analytical Aspects) . . . . . . . . 6
III METHOD OF APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A. General Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
B. Target Site Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C. Session Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
D. Baseline Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
E. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
F. Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
G. Data Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
IV RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A. RV Session Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
B. RVer Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Figure-of-Merit (FM) Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A. Summary of Purpose and Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
B. Observations and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
C. Recommendations for Follow-On Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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A DESCRIPTOR LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
B LIST OF TARGET SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF RVer SESSIONS . . . . . . . . . 26
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Schematic Representation of Remote Viewer Response to RV Situation .
2 Idealized Performance-Over-Time Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 RV Training Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Stages in Remote Viewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Training Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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I OBJECTIVE (U)
(U) SRI International is tasked with developing remote viewing (RV) * techniques
that can be transmitted to others in a structured fashion (i.e., "training" techniques). The
objective of the Track I Training R&D Task is to examine a particular procedure for RV
technology transfer, utilizing suitable protocols to document the level of success of such
transfer.
* (U) RV is the acquisition and description, by mental means, of information blocked from
ordinary perception by distance or shielding.
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II INTRODUCTION (U)
(U) As part of an overall training R&D Task, SRI International has investigated a
number of potential training procedures. One of these, which is the focus of this particular
study, involves multistage, coordinate remote viewing. In this procedure, * coordinates
(latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) are utilized as the targeting
method, which is structured to proceed through a series of well-defined stages in a particular
order--hypothesized to correspond to stages of increased contact with the target site.
(S/NF) In this study, the basic hypotheses of the procedure were investigated under
strict double-blind testing conditions in order to document whether, and to what degree, the
hypothesized training approach provided a viable vehicle for RV technology transfer. The
DIA COTR in residence selected three individuals from the staff of the SRI Radio Physics
Laboratory. He tested them for baseline RV performance levels over an initial series of five
sessions each, and then turned them over to the SRI Psychoenergetics Program staff to be
exposed to the theory and application of the procedure in question.
B. (U) Description of Procedure
(U) We begin with the basic premise of the training procedure under study: the major
problem with naive attempts to remote view is that the attempt to visualize a remote site
tends to stimulate memory and imagination-usually in visual-image forms. As the RVer
becomes aware of the first few data bits, there appears to be a largely spontaneous and
undisciplined rational effort to extrapolate and "fill in the blanks." This is presumably
driven by a need to resolve the ambiguity associated with the fragmentary nature of the
* (U) Modeled after a procedure developed in an earlier program in conjunction with SRI
Consultant Ingo Swann.
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(U)
emerging perception. The result is a premature internal analysis and interpretation on the
part of the RVer, e.g., an impression of an island is immediately interpreted as Hawaii. This
we call analytical overlay (AOL).
(U) Our investigation of these overlay patterns suggests a model of RV functioning,
which we have shown schematically in Figure 1. With the application of a "stimulus" (e.g.,
the reading of a coordinate), there appears to be a momentary burst of "signal" that enters
into awareness (for a few seconds at most), and then fades away. The overlays appear to be
triggered at this point to fill in the void. Success in handling this complex process requires
that the RVer learn to "grab" incoming data bits while simultaneously attempting to identify
the overlays as such.
SIGNAL,
NOISE
THRESHOLD
OF
AWARENESS
"FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS"
OVERLAYS
STIMULUS
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FIGURE 1 (U) SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF REMOTE VIEWER RESPONSE TO
RV SITUATION
(U) Observation of this process in the earlier development work suggests that the above
behavior can be learned. Specifically, it appears that a RVer being trained in accordance
with procedures developed in that program can be expected to exhibit a performance curve of
the type shown in Figure 2. In brief, after being exposed to the basic concepts of the
training procedure, the RVer typically exhibits a short period of spontaneous "first-time"
effect of very-high-quality response (usually three or four sessions). This response cannot,
however, be maintained; it is followed by a decline to a low level of performance--at which
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point substantive learning can begin. If learning is to take place, it will go forward from that
point until saturation at some skill plateau is reached.
SKILL PLATEAU ESTABLISHED
(U) The RV training is structured to proceed through a series of stages that are
hypothesized to correspond to stages of increased contact with the target site. These stages
(described in more detail below) are tutored in a set order. Presentation of theory is
followed by a series of practice sessions, taking a few weeks per stage; thus, the RVer moves
up through the stages, concentrating on the elements to be mastered in each stage before
proceeding to the next. In the early development work, it was also noted that an
experienced remote viewer applying the techniques that are learned in this procedure tends to
recapitulate the stages in this set order. The contents of the early stages (as evolved in the
development work) are as shown in Table 1, and the techniques employed in the stages are
described in the following paragraphs.
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NCLA
Stage
Example
I Major gestalt
Land surrounded by water,
an island
II Sensory contact
Cold sensation, wind-swept
feeling
III Dimension, motion, mobility
Rising up, panoramic view,
island outline
IV General qualitative analytical
Scientific research, live
aspects
organisms
(U) In Stage I, the RVer is trained to provide a quick-reaction response to the
reading of site coordinates by a monitor. The response takes the form of an immediate,
primitive "squiggle" on the paper (called an ideogram), which captures an overall
motion/feeling of the gestalt of the site (e.g., wavy/fluid for water). Note that this response
is essentially kinesthetic, rather than visual.
(U) In Stage II, the RVers are trained to become sensitive to physical sensations
associated with the site, i.e., sensations they might experience if they were physically there
(heat, cold, wind, sounds, smells, tactile sensations, and the like). Again, this response is
essentially nonvisual in nature (although color sensations may arise as a legitimate Stage II
response). Of course, in both Stage I and Stage II, visual images may emerge spontaneously.
In that case they are not suppressed, but simply noted and labeled as AOLs.
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3. (U) Stage III (Dimension, Motion, and Mobility)
(U) Whereas in Stage I and Stage II viewing, data appear to emerge (typically) as
fragmented data bits, in Stage III, we observe the emergence of a broader concept of the
site. With Stage I and II data forming a foundation, contact with the site appears sufficiently
strengthened that the viewer begins to have an overall appreciation of the site as a whole
(which we label "aesthetic impact"). Dimensional aspects such as size, distance, and motion
begin to come into play, and emphasis is placed on generating configurational outlines and
sketches (e.g., the outline of an island).
4. (U) Stage IV (General Qualitative Analytical Aspects)
(U) Stages I through III are directed toward recognition of the overall gestalt and
physical configuration of a target site; Stage IV is designed to provide information as to
function, i.e., the purpose of the activities being carried out at the site.
(S/NF) Because of the apparent increased contact with the site that occurs in Stage
III (a "widening of the aperture," as it were), data of an analytical nature begin to emerge.
As observed in the earlier development work, contained in Stage IV data are elements that
go beyond the strictly observational, such as ambience (military, religious, technical) ; cultural
factors (nationality); and function or purpose (agriculture, research, weapons development).
Thus, Stage IV viewing transcends simple physical description of what is visible to the eye, to
take into account human intention. Because, from an operational point of view, it is the
latter that is typically a matter of intelligence concern, Stage IV is considered to be the
threshold for crossover into operational utility.
(U) In Stages I through III, information is collected in the form of ideograms,
their motion and feeling (S-I), sensations at the site (S-II), and sketches that result from
expanded contact with the site (S-III) . These various "carrier" signals are individual in
nature, and special techniques have been developed to handle each in turn--more or less in
serial fashion. In Stage IV (as designed in the earlier development work), the RVer is
trained to accumulate data bits in no less than eight separate categories, in parallel, in
addition to processing additional ideograms and sketches. These range from broad categories
of sensations and dimensional references, through specific qualities (physical/technological
detail, cultural ambience, and functional significance), and includes tracking of the analytical
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overlay line. To keep these separate signal lines on track requires exceptional control of
session structure--an ability acquired in the lengthy S-I through S-III training period. With
these elements under control, the Stage IV data-bit-acquisition procedures can then be used
to build up an interpretation as to the site's activities and functions.
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III METHOD OF APPROACH (U)
A. (U) General Design
(U) The purpose of this study was to collect data on the RV procedure described in
the previous, section, in order to determine its viability as a training methodology. In the
overall design of the study, emphasis is placed on adherence to strict double-blind protocols
in the collection of the data, and on the use of objective analytical techniques in the
evaluation of the data, so that documentation and authentication are as objective as possible.
B. (U) Target Site Preparation
(U) Because the RV training procedure involves targeting on sites around the world
(given only the geographical coordinates of those sites), an important preparation step is the
generation of target materials. An SRI analyst charged with this responsibility prepares the
target materials, which consist of an index card with site coordinates (latitude and longitude
in degrees, minutes, and seconds), and a folder with site information. (The latter provides
feedback at session end; for the purpose of training and evaluation, sites are chosen for
which feedback information in some form is available.) Site/feedback materials consist of
more than 5000 map sites (U.S.G.S. Series E maps, G.N.I.S.; Army Map Agency maps;
World Aeronautical Charts; atlases), and over 1500 National Geographic Magazine sites.
These materials are continually updated.
(U) At the begining of the session, the monitor and RVer enter the RV session
chamber. The monitor has in his possession targeting information (coordinates) written on
an index card, but is kept blind to the target site, thus eliminating the possibility of
cueing--overt or subliminal. The experiment is therefore of the double-blind type. The
monitor's role in the session is limited to: (1) seeing that the appropriate materials are
available (pen, paper, audio tapes if the session is to be taped, and so forth) ; (2) reading the
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coordinates as a prompter for the RVer; and (3) making notes for later discussion.
Following the session, the monitor obtains the target folder and provides feedback to the
RVer, going over details of the session to provide further instruction if needed.
(S/NF) For the first step of the study, the DIA COTR-in-residence selected three
individuals from the staff of the SRI Radio Physics Laboratory and designated them as
trainees for this effort. As described in the Introduction section, he then tested them for
baseline RV performance levels over a series of five sessions each. They were then turned
over to the project staff for training.
(U) The training phase consists of a series of lectures by a training instructor/monitor,
interspersed with double-blind RV sessions. In the lectures, the principles of a particular
stage under consideration are thoroughly discussed. In addition, a number of practical
exercises are carried out, such as drills in sketching, exercises in listing possible sensations
one could experience at a site, and so forth.
(U) Based on previous experience in the development phase of this particular training
track, it was decided that it would be useful to collect at least 30 sessions with each of the
trainees. In the study, two of the viewers did contribute 30 trials (#309 and #694), while a
third (#558) contributed 43. The trials were collected over a four-month period at a rate
that never exceeded five per day per RVer, and typically no more than two per day per
RVer. For all RVers, the training level reached was the beginning to middle of Stage III.
(U) A key element in determining the efficacy of the training procedure under
investigation lies in the evaluation protocols. Given the nature of the RV product, which
consists of a narrative description plus drawings and sketches, it has been necessary to
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expend considerable effort over the last decade (in our laboratory and elsewhere) to develop
objective, quantitative measures of RV performance.
(U) In brief, early evaluation procedures consisted of some form of subjective
(although blind) analysis procedure in which, for a given series of RV trials, a judge was
asked to rank order the RV response packets against each of the sites used in the series.
For example, in a ten-trial series, a judge would blind-rank-order all ten transcripts as to
how they matched Target No. 1, then Target No. 2, and so forth. In a good series, the
transcript generated in response to a particular target would fall near the top of the
rank-order list for that target. An exact statistical calculation could then be made as to the
probability of obtaining the resulting distribution of rank orderings by chance. *
(U) The next step in sophistication came with the development (at SRI) of concept
analysis, in which specific concepts in each transcript were matched against specific attributes
of each target site. We could then determine not just generally whether RV functioning had
taken place and to what degree, but could evaluate on a concept-by-concept basis the degree
of match between transcripts and sites.t
(U) The idea of concept analysis was taken to its logical conclusion in the efforts of R.
Jahn, et al., Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory at Princeton University. A
generalized 30-element descriptor list was developed in which, for each target site and for
each transcript, a particular element on the list (e.g., significant presence of water) could be
checked off as present or absent. Thus, the output of any given transcript was a 30-bit
code, which could then be compared against 30-bit codes associated with various targets.
The result is a complex, but meaningful, analysis system where transcripts can be compared
against targets on a completely computer-automated basis--including direct matches
(transcripts against associated sites) and cross matches (for controls). Furthermore, given that
the abundance or rarity of a given element in a target pool is known, the details of the
analysis system can take into account that the correct description of a rare element is to be
* (U) See, for example, H. Puthoff, R. Targ, and E. May, "Experimental Psi Research:
Implications for Physics," in "The Role of Conciousness in the Physical World," ed. R. Jahn,
AAAS Selected Symposium 57, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO (1981).
t(U) E. May "A Remote Viewing Evaluation Protocol (U)," Final Report, SRI/GF-0247, SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA (December 1982; Revised July 1983), SECRET/NOFORN.
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given more weight than that of a common element.* A descriptor-list net is somewhat
coarse in its ability to represent a target, and therefore constitutes a very conservative
measure of target content; the advantages of the attendant analysis techniques are felt to
constitute a useful trade-off.
(U) The procedure described in the above paragraph has now been modified and
extended by the SRI research team to provide not only measures of transcript/target
correlation, but also additional quantitative measures of overall performance, such as
accuracy, reliability, and overall figure of merit.t This modified procedure is the one
employed in the evaluation of the results of the training programs under study, including the
Track I effort that is the focus of this particular study.
(U) In our study, a list of 20 descriptors was developed to characterize both target
sites and transcripts. As opposed to the list developed by Jahn to represent local urban
target sites, this list is especially tailored to be descriptive of a wide variety of climes, locales
and conditions, as might be encountered in remote viewing of sites all around the globe.
The descriptor list check sheet is given in Appendix A.
(U) The list of sites used as targets in the Track I Training Task is given in Appendix
B. Included in the list is a folder I.D. number, the name of the site, its coordinates, and a
seven-digit octal number representing the information content of that site. To obtain the
latter, an SRI analyst filled out the descriptor list check sheet, entering yes or no as to the
presence or absence of each of the 20 elements on the list; the 20-bit binary number thus
generated was then converted into its octal equivalent for ease of computer entry.
(U) R. Jahn, et al., "Analytical Judging Procedure for Remote Viewing Experiments," Jour.
Parapsychology, Vol. 44, No. e, pp. 207-231 (September 1980).
t(U) E. May, et al., "An Automated RV Evaluation Procedure (U)," Final Report (in press),
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (December 1984), SECRET/NOFORN.
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IV RESULTS (U)
(U) The chronological record of sessions for each of the RVers is included as
Appendix C. Each of the sessions, designated by a X000-series number (Column 1), has
associated with it a code (Column 2), which is the octal equivalent of the 20-bit binary
number that represents the RVer response (transcript) content. That number was generated
for each transcript as was done for the sites, with the SRI analyst kept blind as to the
associated site so as to maintain objectivity.
(U) In Column 3 the folder I.D. number (target site number) is listed, followed in
Column 4 by the code (octal number) representing the target-site content. Columns 5
through 7 contain the results of primary interest: accuracy, reliability and figure of merit.
The "Accuracy" column gives the percentage of bits representing the target that the RVer
correctly identifies, and thus represents an assessment of the accuracy of the target
description. The "Reliability" column addresses a slightly different measure, the percentage
of response bits that are correct, which indicates how reliable the RVer's remarks are. As to
the difference between accuracy and reliability, RVers might render encyclopedic descriptions
that cover all possible cases, in which case their accuracy would be high, but their reliability
low. Conversely, they might say but one thing (correctly), which would give a high reliability
factor for what was said, but would not constitute a fully complete and accurate description
of the site. What is desired, of course, is that both measures be high, and this is what is
tested for by the "Figure of Merit,"-the product of the accuracy and reliability measures.
A more detailed discussion of these issues can be found in the "RV Automated Evaluation
Procedure" report referenced earlier.
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a. ff11%
(U) As a measure of RV training performance over time, the figures of merit (FM)
for each of the RVers are plotted, session by session, in Figure 3. The first observation to
be noted is that in each case, the empirical distribution of data points provides evidence in
support of the predicted performance curve of Figure 2; that is, it consists of an initial short
region containing high-quality "first-time effect (FTE)," followed by a region of slowly-rising
growth in RVer performance as intermixed practice and instruction proceeds. Specifically, in
these data sets, the FTE region is characterized by an initial region containing "outlier"
point(s)--points that lie outside the main distribution--which include the highest-valued
point in the entire data set, followed by a drop that is the largest in the data set. This is
then followed by a curve which, on the average, climbs steadily as the bulk of the training
proceeds.
(U) As a first step, we examine whether these observations meet the requirements
for statistical significance. Given previous observations that the FTE region typically contains
fewer than five data points, a significant statistic is generated even by the conservative
calculation as to the probability that, in these three cases, the highest-valued point in each
data set should occur within, say, the first ten points (p = 0.026). Furthermore, in all three
cases, the separations of the points in the FTE regions from the least-squares-fit lines that
define the slow-growth curves, independently reach statistical significance for six of the eight
points in question--a result which is itself statistically significant (p = 4.0 exp 10 [-7]). In
addition, examination of the distribution of the magnitudes of the differential drops over each
of the data sets, shows that the magnitudes of the differential drops taken to separate the
FTE and slow-growth regions independently reach statistical significance in two of the three
cases (just missing it in the third--again being statistically significant (p = 7.2 exp 10 [-31).
Thus, the data (taken separately and together) provide support for the predicted performance
curve, and indicate that the separation of the data into the FTE and the slow-growth regions
is both justified and appropriate.
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1. (U) Figure-of-Merit (FM) Plots
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1.0
"FIRST-TIME" EFFECT
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(U) With regard to the slow-growth region, the slopes of all three RVers are
positive, in line with prediction; however, only one reaches statistical significance at the p =
0.05 level, that of RVer #309. As a second measure, the difference in the FM means of the
baseline- and training-data sets (indicated by the shaded areas on the left side of the plots
in Figure 3) is in favor of the learning hypothesis for all three RVers, but again reaches
statistical significance only in the case of RVer #309 (p = 1.3 exp 10 [-3]). Thus, support
for the efficacy of the Track I Training effort lies primarily with RVer #309. These results
are summarized in Table 2 below.
Slope
Training
(Baseline/Training)
Mean FM
#309
0.008
0.096/0.352
p = 0.05*
p = 1.3 exp 10 [-3]*
#558
0.003
0.372/0.378
p=0.2t
p=0.48t
#694
0.004
0.252/0.372
p = 0.2 t
p = 0.15*
*Statistically significant
tNonsignificant
UNCLASSSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 200 DP96-00788R001800240001-7
ftf am NW 1% so I
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A. (U) Summary of Purpose and Approach
(U) The purpose of this SRI study was to investigate a particular approach to RV
training, with special emphasis on evaluation and authentication under strict double-blind
conditions. The procedure involves targeting on the target site using geographical
coordinates; it is structured to proceed through a number of well-defined stages that have
been hypothesized to correspond to stages of increased contact with the site.
(S/NF) As the first step in the study, the DIA COTR-in-residence selected three
individuals from the staff of the SRI Radio Physics Laboratory to act as trainees. A five-trial
RV series was carried out with each RVer (before training instruction) to serve as a measure
of baseline performance, and psychological profile tests were administered to provide data for
a separate selection/screening task.
(U) At that point training instruction began, includilng RV practice sessions. The
sessions were performed under strict double-blind protocols, that is, neither trainee nor
experimenter/monitor were knowledgeable as to the identity of the target site; feedback was
provided to the trainee only after the entire session was completed. The training continued
over a four-month period, with interleaved instruction and practice, progressing up to the
beginning-to-mid Stage III in the nomenclature of the procedure under study. A minimum
of thirty trials each was collected from each RVer.
(U) For the purposes of data evaluation, an objective procedure involving
computer-automated target /transcript matching was developed. The procedure, a
modification of one developed at Princeton University's Engineering Anomalies Research
Laboratory, is based on the reduction of site and transcript descriptions to a 20-bit code
each. A 20-question descriptor-list sheet was used to obtain the codes describing the
presence or absence of particular elements (e.g., water). The descriptor-list sheets are filled
out in the blind (without knowledge as to the corresponding site or transcript) in order to
maintain objectivity. Analysis then continues on the basis of computer tabulation of matches
ow 1" .0" r% I" 9P
60 I= NO 9
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 Approved For Releasre ffff98JQt:?J t@6-00788R001800240001-7
(U)
and the application of standard statistical procedures. By its nature, the descriptor-list
approach is quite conservative, given that much information is lost in the reduction to the
coded representation, but the gain in objectivity and data manipulation capability is
considered to be a reasonable trade-off.
(U) Analysis of the data results in plots of a quantity called Figure of Merit (FM),
which is a combined measure of the reliability of RVer statements, and the accuracy and
completeness of target description. Based on the earlier development work on the training
procedure under study, a particular performance curve was anticipated:
? A baseline region of relatively poor performance.
? An unstable region of anomalously-high "first-time effect" immediately
following initial instruction.
? A region of slowly-increasing stable growth to levels above baseline
performance.
For all three RVers, the evolution of the distribution of data points over time, aligns with the
predicted performance curve, and several measures of the correlation reach statistical
significance; thus, the data-point distribution appears not to be random, but patterned as
anticipated. With regard to overall performance, one of the three RVers generated
independently statistically significant results, with regard to (1) the (positive) slope of the
learning curve, and (2) the increase in mean performance level achieved in training (as
compared with baseline).
(U) It thus appears that the data generated in this study, collected under rigorous
double-blind conditions and analyzed by objective computer-automated procedures, provide
support for the Track I Training model developed in earlier efforts. All remote viewers
showed an increase in performance over baseline level, exhibiting growth in conformation
with a predicted performance curve--one significantly so.
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release,wQ/rx%:~M b96-00788ROO1800240001-7
(U) Given the success of this study, several follow-on explorations suggest themselves,
which could not be pursued in the present level-of-effort study because of limited time and
funds:
? A matched companion study of three RVers--30 trials each
(minimum) --should be pursued, in which no training information is
provided to the trainees. This would provide a comparison between the
progress observed in the Track I Training process, and the progress that
could be generated by practice alone (a control study).
? Working with the present RVers, continue development of their RV skills
by progressing through the stages of the Track I Training procedures as
presently structured.
? Again working with the present RVers, additional targeting methods should
be introduced on an intermixed basis to determine whether the Track I
Training procedure continues to be effective under alternative targeting
protocols.
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Releast ffleg8j8 ? L F f Pa6-00788R001800240001-7
a. r1% ftf
Appendix A
DESCRIPTOR LIST (U)
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For ReleaU ff a fA0S S1PII596-00788R001800240001-7
Appendix A
DESCRIPTOR LIST (U)
Evaluator
Remote Viewer
Site/Descriptor (circle one)
1. Is a hill, mountain or volcano, or series of such a
significant feature of the site/description?
2. Is a building (or buildings) or other manmade structures
a significant part of the site/description?
3. Is a city a significant part of the site/description?
4. Is a small town, village or settlement a significant part
of the site/description?
5. Is a special manmade structure (e.g., tower, fortress,
mine, ruins) a significant part of the site/description?
6. Is a relatively flat aspect a significant part of the
site/description terrain (including water)?
7. Is water a significant element of the site/description?
8. Is a large expanse of water (ocean, sea, gulf, lake or
bay) a significant aspect of the site/description?
9. Is a land/water interface a significant part of the
site/description?
10. Is a beach, port or harbor a significant part of the
site/description?
11. Is a river, canal or channel a significant part of the
site/description?
12. Is an island (or islands), or major peninsula, a
significant part of the site/description?
13. Are three or more major elements (e.g., city, water
mountain) all significant parts of the site/description?
14. Does a single major feature, natural or manmade,
dominate the site/description?
15. Is the central focus or predominant ambience of the
site/description primarily natural rather than manmade?
16. Is the implication of isolation or wilderness a
significant aspect of the site/description?
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Relea
.2pap10$IQ8tjhfB96-00788ROO1800240001-7
UNCLAZO
17. Is heavy foliage or a verdant theme a.significant
part of the site/description?
18. Is the site/description especially humid or tropical?
19. Is the site/description especially dry to the point of
being arid?
20. Is snow or ice a significant part of the
site/description?
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7
 Approved For Releast fttg8/ $. ? II!I06-00788R001800240001-7
Appendix B
LIST OF TARGET SITES (U)
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7
 Approved For Relea$gkQ,QLOW S1tII 9596-00788R001800240001-7
LAS
Appendix B
LIST OF TARGET SITES (U)
------------------------
Isession1date Ilat* Ilong* Iname
-----------------------------------------------------------
11001.wml19-mar-19841+4045391+1115325ISalt Lake City I
11002.wm119-mar-19841+3342001+11734001Santiago Peak I
11003.wml26-mar-19841+5603001-1481800ISea of Okhotsk
11004.wml27-mar-19841+1950001+15525001Mauna Kea Volcano
11005.wm128-mar-19841+4000001+0751000IPhiladelphia
11006.wml28-mar-19841+2834001-08350001Annapurna Mt.
11007.wml29-mar-19841+5050001-0042100IBrussels
11008.wml29-mar-19841-1650001+1513000IRaiatea Island
11009.wm130-mar-19841+3346511+09104131Arkansas River
11010.wml 2-apr-19841+3704241+11118201Padre Bay
11011.wml 3-apr-19841+3855001+07700001Washington D.C.
11012.wml 3-apr-19841+4800001+08700001Lake Superior
I1013.wml 6-apr-19841-1145001+07708001Ancon
11014.wml 6-apr-19841+4721501+1164515IChatcolet Lake
11015.wm1 9-apr-19841-1630001+1514500IBora Bora
11016.wmll0-apr-19841+5030001+1043800IRegina
11017.wm110-apr-19841+3609001+0052100IGibraltar
11018.wm113-apr-19841+4429591+1141729IKlug Gulch
11019.wmll9-apr-19841+2900001+01338001Lanzarote Island
11020.wml20-apr-19841+1400001-1210000ILake Taal Volcano
11021.wml23-apr-19841+4303001+0704700IPortsmouth
11022.wml14-may-19841+2337001-0583800IMuscat
11023.wm115-may-19841+4229401+10328181Pine Ridge
I1024.wmll5-may-19841+4240001-0180700IDubrovnik
11025.wm116-may-19841+4708001-0093200IVaduz
11026.wmj21-may-19841+2117001+1575200IWaikiki
11027.wml22-may-19841+5439001+0083800ICarrick
11028.wml25-may-19841+2437391+0825223IFort Jefferson
11029.wml 9-jul-19841+2433191+08146581Key West
11030.wmll0-jut-19841+6110001+1500000IAnchorage
--------------------------------------------------------------
* Latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
+ signifies N for latitude and W for longitude.
- signifies S for latitude and E for longitude.
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Releasg ffi8/ Q( Q8S?J F~,p696-00788R001800240001-7
---------------------------------------------------------------
session1date flat Tong name
---------------------------------------------------------------
11001.brll9-mar-1984+271000+0580200IAtlantic Ocean ~
11002.brl2l-mar-1984 I+474900+1234200IMt. Olympus ~
11003.brl22-mar-1984 1+423000 -0153000JAdriatic Sea
11004.brl22-mar-1984 1+150100 +1082800lPacific Ocean ~
11005.br122-mar-1984+390417+1065659IPyramid Peak ~
11006.brl22-mar-1984 I+400000+0751000lPhiladelphia ~
11007.brl22-mar-1984 1+702600+08000OOlPittsburgh ~
11008.brl23-mar-1984 1+394000-0442300IMt. Ararat ~
11009.brl26-mar-1984 1+304000+0880500IMobile
11010.brl26-mar-1984 1-062300-15533OOJBougainville Island
11011.brl27-mar-1984 1-344000+0583000IBuenos Aires
11012.brl28-mar-1984 1+274400 -0881100IKanchenjunga Mt. ~
11013.brl29-mar-1984 1+263700+07657001Hope Town ~
11014.brl30-mar-1984 1+413600 -0014800IMontserrat Mt. ~
11015.brl 2-apr-1984 1+230700+0822500IHavana ~
11016.brl 3-apr-1984 1+692100 -0120800JArctic Ocean ~
11017.brl 4-apr-1984 1+422700 -0184600IKotor ~
11018.brl 5-apr-1984 1-251500+0574000JAsuncion ~
11019.brl 5-apr-1984+372630-0252400IMikonos Island
11020.brl 6-apr-1984 I+252111+0810702IShark River ~
11021.brl 1+4318001-0494000ICaspian Sea ~
11022.brl1O-apr-1984 1+581900 +1551500ITen Thousand Smokes ~
11023.brll2-apr-1984+450000+0931000ISt. Paul ~
11024.brJ12-apr-1984 1+280119+0814354IWinterhaven ~
11025.brJ13-apr-1984 1+452400+1214100IMt. Hood ~
11026.brl19-apr-1984 1+340600 -07105001Khyber Pass ~
11027.brll9-apr-1984 1+140500+0871400ITegueigalpa ~
11028.brl2O-apr-1984 1+403439 +1121054ICopper Mine ~
11029.brl23-apr-1984 1-290400-167570OIKingston ~
11030.br024-apr-1984 1+435500+1104000IJackson Lake ~
I1O31.brl25-apr-1984 +414437+0695723IPleasant Bay ~
1+5212001+1741200[Atka
~
1+0456001-1145800IBandar Seri Begawan
1+6023001-0052000IBergen
~
11035.brll5-may-1984+243319+0814658IKey West ~
11036.brl16-may-1984 1+220400-121320010rchid Island ~
11O37.brll7-may-1984 I+382656 +1091426ILa Sal Mts. ~
11038.brl18-may-1984 +321800+0644800lHamilton ~
11039.brl21-may-1984+413900+0824915ISouth Bass Island ~
11040.brl22-may-1984 1+4552001-0061000ILake Annecy ~
11041.brl29-may-1984+403853+07400141 Sunset Park ~
11042.brl 9-jul-1984+195000+1552500IMauna Kea Volcano ~
11043.brllO-Jul-1984 +051900+00401OOIAbidjan ~
---------------------------------------------------------------
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For ReleasedAOJ {r8/QBS?ItR D06-00788 R001800240001-7
CL Itu
--------------------------------------------------------------
Isession1date Ilat Tong Iname
~
--------------------------------------------------------------
11001.grl21-mar-1984+401517+1053655ILong's Peak I
11002.grl22-mar-1984-333000+07040001 Santiago I
11003.grl22-mar-1984+455500+0685700IMt. Katahdin
11004.gri23-mar-1984 [phone]IGulf of Bothnia I
11005.gri23-mar-1984-391800-1740500IMt. Egmont I
11006.grl26-mar-1984+394000-0442300IMt. Ararat
11007.grl27-mar-1984+521500-0210000IWarsaw I
11008.grl27-mar-1984+305000+0812600ICumberland Island I
11009.grl 3-apr-1984+564000+0050400IGlencoe I
I1010.grl 5-apr-1984-211600+1574800IDiamond Head I
11011.grl 5-apr-1984+363923+0755604INational Wildlife Reserve
11012.grl10-apr-1984+220400-12132001Orchid Island ~
11013.grl10-apr-1984+680800 +1514500JAnaktuvuk Pass ~
11014.grl10-apr-1984-025000-03513001Olduvai Gorge
11015.grl12-apr-1984+411533+0724548IRogers Island
11016.grl13-apr-1984+374942+0755932ITangier Island
11017.grll9-apr-1984 +265833 +0820527IPort Charlotte
11018.grl20-apr-1984+375618+0752143IChincoteague Island I
11019.grl23-apr-1984+485200+1140949IGlacier National Park
11020.grl24-apr-1984+252100-1101100IGuilin
11021.grl25-apr-1984-531600+0703500IStraits of Magellan I
11022.grl25-apr-1984+611000+1500000JAnchorage I
j1023.grl 1-may-1984+440300+0685000lVinalhaven Island
11024.grl 3-may-1984+051900+0040100JAbidjan
11025.grl14-may-1984+165100+0995600JAcapulco
11026.grl15-may-1984+385104+1065101IMesa Verde National Park I
11027.grl18-may-1984+571500+0042500ILoch Ness I
11028 .grl2l-may-1984 +481000 +1203200ILake Chelan I
11029.grl29-may-1984+440624+07356081Lake Tear
11030.grllO-jul-1984+382656+1091426ILa Sal Mts. I
--------------------------------------------------------------I
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For ReleastmtT p8s yP6OO788ROO1 800240001-7
Appendix C
CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF RVer SESSIONS (U)
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7
 Approved For Releaso jWP8k0t,!ffjWE?6-OO788 R001800240001-7
LAk
Appendix C
CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF RVer SESSIONS (U)
Session
Code
Folder
Code
Accuracy
Reliability
Merit
1001.wm
70160
79.00
3425201
0.1250
0.1667
0.0208
1002.wm
2000160
81.00
2000161
0.8000
1.0000
0.8000
1003.wm
70160
82.00
70160
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1004.wm
2000160
56.00
2000161
0.8000
1.0000
0.8000
1005.wm
2000160
68.00
1467000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1006.2m
3404200
7.00
2000161
0.2000
0.2000
0.0400
1007.wm
70160
20.00
1465000
0.3333
0.3333
0.1111
1008.wm
2000160
75.00
3276674
0.2143
0.7500
0.1607
1009.wm
76151
11.00
2065160
0.6250
0.5556
0.3472
1010.wm
2074050
67.00
2074460
0.7500
0.8571
0.6429
1011.wm
2064041
99.00
1465000
0.5000
0.5000
0.2500
1012.wm
3464200
88.00
70160
0.3333
0.2857
0.0952
1013.wm
70160
6.00
3476206
0.2727
0.5000
0.1364
1014.wm
3064202
24.00
75170
0.3333
0.4286
0.1429
1015.wm
2074440
18.00
2277474
0.5385
1.0000
0.5385
1016.wm
74061
76.00
1467000
0.4286
0.4286
0.1837
1017.wm
1344000
35.00
3476700
0.2727
0.6000
0.1636
1018.wm
2075050
50.00
2000162
0.4000
0.2500
0.1000
1019.wm
1465000
52.00
3676642
0.3846
0.8333
0.3205
1020.wm
3276210
90.00
2074564
0.5000
0.5000
0.2500
1021.wm
3474200
73.00
1476000
0.8571
0.7500
0.6429
1022.wm
3340200
62.00
3576200
0.5000
0.8333
0.4167
1023.wm
3276201
69.00
40060
0.3333
0.1000
0.0333
1024.wm
1475000
30.00
1576100
0.6667
0.8571
0.5714
1025.wm
3374010
93.00
3425351
0.4545
0.5556
0.2525
1026.wm
2076540
96.00
3476604
0.6364
0.7778
0.4949
1027.wm
3275241
22.00
1567050
0.6000
0.5455
0.3273
1028.wm
3174240
34.00
1176520
0.6000
0.6667
0.4000
1029.wm
3264250
47.00
1576620
0.4545
0.5556
0.2525
1030.wm
2040061
5.00
3476201
0.3000
0.6000
0.1800
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7
 Approved For Release+,4AQJ48/48t?IA,.Tpfj6-00788R001800240001-7
MLA
Session
Code
Folder
Code
Accuracy
Reliability
Merit
1001.br
74060
14.00
70160
0.8333
0.8333
0.6944
1002.br
2000160
64.00
2000161
0.8000
1.0000
0.8000
1003.br
2070160
3.00
70160
1.0000
0.8571
0.8571
1004.br
1400100
66.00
70164
0.1429
0.3333
0.0476
1005.br
1440100
74.00
2000161
0.2000
0.2500
0.0500
1006.br
70160
68.00
1467000
0.2857
0.3333
0.0952
1007.br
1440000
70.00
1467000
0.4286
1.0000
0.4286
1008.br
2070160
9.00
2000161
0.8000
0.5714
0.4571
1009.br
2000160
59.00
1477600
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1010.br
2076440
19.00
3376674
0.5333
1.0000
0.5333
1011.br
3576200
21.00
1476000
1.0000
0.7000
0.7000
1012.br
2075061
45.00
2000161
0.8000
0.4444
0.3556
1013.br
1540000
43.00
1476450
0.3000
0.7500
0.2250
1014.br
2074041
60.00
3100161
0.4286
0.4286
0.1837
1015.br
1440000
41.00
1476004
0.3750
1.0000
0.3750
1016.br
3474241
10.00
70161
0.7143
0.5000
0.3571
1017.br
1476000
51.00
3476200
0.7778
1.0000
0.7778
1018.br
3140160
12.00
1467400
0.2500
0.2857
0.0714
1019.br
1575100
58.00
3676640
0.5000
0.6667
0.3333
1020.br
1475010
83.00
65170
0.6250
0.6250
0.3906
1021.br
3440000
23.00
70160
0.1667
0.2500
0.0417
1022.br
2040161
94.00
2040063
0.8333
0.8333
0.6944
1023.br
70160
78.00
1467000
0.2857
0.3333
0.0952
1024.br
3274000
100.00
1474000
0.8333
0.7143
0.5952
1025.br
3474200
42.00
2000161
0.2000
0.1250
0.0250
1026.br
70160
48.00
2040062
0.6000
0.5000
0.3000
1027.br
3565000
92.00
3467004
0.7778
0.8750
0.6806
1028.br
2074040
27.00
2100161
0.3333
0.3333
0.1111
1029.br
2076460
49.00
2376650
0.6667
0.8889
0.5926
1030.br
3077241
44.00
3476671
0.7143
0.9091
0.6494
1031.br
1100100
71.00
1077140
0.2222
0.6667
0.1481
1032.br
1376300
13.00
3274460
0.6000
0.6000
0.3600
1033.br
3376674
16.00
3577634
0.8667
0.8667
0.7511
1034.br
1376061
17.00
3477201
0.6364
0.6364
0.4050
1035.br
1074060
47.00
1576620
0.5455
0.8571
0.4675
1036.br
3164120
65.00
3276674
0.4286
0.7500
0.3214
1037.br
1376450
53.00
2000161
0.2000
0.0909
0.0182
1038.br
3476610
40.00
1476400
1.0000
0.7273
0.7273
1039.br
3276150
84.00
1376440
0.8000
0.7273
0.5818
1040.br
1565000
8.00
2074150
0.3750
0.4286
0.1607
1041.br
3276000
87.00
1467000
0.7143
0.6250
0.4464
1042.br
3065000
56.00
2000161
0.2000
0.1667
0.0333
1043.br
3074602
1.00
1477004
0.5556
0.5556
0.3086
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7
 Approved For Releasg mtVAQ-,W 6-00788R001800240001-7
TRAINING RESULTS (U)
Viewer 694
Session
Code
Folder
Code
Accuracy
Reliability
Merit
1001.gr
2000160
55.00
2000161
0.8000
1.0000
0.8000
1002.gr
70161
80.00
3440001
0.4000
0.2857
0.1143
1003.gr
2040162
46.00
2000161
0.8000
0.6667
0.5333
1004.gr
2040060
39.00
70160
0.5000
0.7500
0.3750
1005.gr
70160
32.00
2000161
0.6000
0.5000
0.3000
1006.gr
2040060
9.00
2000161
0.6000
0.7500
0.4500
1007.gr
2074440
98.00
1467000
0.4286
0.4286
0.1837
1008.gr
2074040
28.00
1277470
0.4167
0.8333
0.3472
1009.gr
2074440
37.00
2000170
0.4000
0.2857
0.1143
1010.gr
3174310
29.00
3476754
0.6429
0.9000
0.5786
1011.gr
3040000
15.00
75460
0.1250
0.3333
0.0417
1012.gr
2040062
65.00
3276674
0.2857
0.8000
0.2286
1013.gr
2040174
4.00
3240161
0.6250
0.7143
0.4464
1014.gr
70160
63.00
40166
0.6667
0.6667
0.4444
1015.gr
3274200
77.00
1276400
0.7500
0.7500
0.5625
1016.gr
3440000
91.00
1276440
0.2222
0.5000
0.1111
1017.gr
2074450
72.00
1465000
0.5000
0.3750
0.1875
1018.gr
3274210
26.00
1277440
0.6000
0.6667
0.4000
1019.gr
2074160
36.00
2074071
0.7778
0.8750
0.6806
1020.gr
3265210
38.00
3400100
0.5000
0.2222
0.1111
1021.gr
2074470
86.00
75560
0.7778
0.7778
0.6049
1022.gr
3375200
5.00
3476201
0.7000
0.7000
0.4900
1023.gr
3274010
95.00
1277470
0.5833
0.8750
0.5104
1024.gr
2074071
1.00
1477004
0.4444
0.4444
0.1975
1025.gr
3274200
2.00
3477614
0.5385
0.8750
0.4712
1026.gr
3475200
57.00
2000062
0.2500
0.1111
0.0278
1027.gr
3275040
54.00
2074170
0.6667
0.6667
0.4444
1028.gr
74470
25.00
2074171
0.7000
0.8750
0.6125
1029.gr
2074460
89.00
2074170
0.7778
0.8750
0.6806
1030.gr
2075050
53.00
2000161
0.4000
0.2500
0.1000
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800240001-7