CUBA PART XII: POPULATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 2, 1999
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: February 1, 1960
• Content Type: IR

For Release 2000/08/25 : CIAA6144-04d9A002 YEgQ02140231.
P ?
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
OR L6O4 Part Xli
1960
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A0025000200
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. '793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
S -R-E-
Approved For Release 2000 /25 : Cl -RDP79-010094902500020002-1
141*
GEOGRAPRIC INTELLIGENCE REPOPS
CUBA
PART XII: POPULATION
MA/ER GR 1,-60-1, Part XII
February 1960
UATIRAL INTELLMENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
Approved For Release 2000e ....c1#-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
COMANTS
1. General
XI Distribution
000100000 OOOOO V
Page
1
1
III. Racial Composition - . 3
XV'. Religion . . . ? . . . ? ? . OOOOOOOOOOOO 6
V. Occupational Structure OOOOOO ? ?000? 0 6
111. Literacy ?? . . . .... 4 ..... . ? . . . 10
MAPS
1 Distribution of Population 1953 ? .50 9?00 .2
2 Napa ESSO Reriblica de Cuba . 0040,00000 11
(in pocket)
3 Pinar del Rio Province ....... ? ? . . ? 11
4 Da Habana Province ........... 11
5 Matanzas Province 11
6 Las Villas Province 11
7 CamagUgy Province 04.???00606?000000 11
8 Oriente Province 0??Ov?00000??0000 11
Approved For Release 20001003/243a;-VIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
CUBA
FART XII: POPULATION
I. General
The population of Ciba, numbering 5,870,854 as of May 1953 (see
Table 1), is of heterogeneous composition and is distributed uneven3y
throaghout the Island. Prom early Spent& colonial days to the pres-
ent, the growth of population in Cabe has, to a large extent, paral-
leled the development of the sugar industry; and the racial composi-
tion reflects the successive waves of laborers -- Negro slaves,
Chinese contract laborers, and, more recently, immigrants from other
ielands of the Antilles -- brought to Cuba by the white population
to work in the canefields and sugar mine.
The 1953 census enumeration, Censo _de.Pablacidn? Viviendasi
Electoral: Informs General, is the moot recent detailed statistical
source available on the population of Cabe and was the principal
source used in preparing this report. Although the data are old and
changes in absolute numbers obviously have occurred since 1953, the
relative population structure probably has not Changed significantly
in terms of distribution, racial composition, employment, and literacy.
XI. Distribution
A relatively high poeulation density prevails in regions of
pletne and hills and a corresponding low density in mountainous re-
gione and areas of coastal swamps. The actual density ranges from
187.2 pereons-per square kilometer .(48)4 persona per square mile) in
3.E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
CENSO DE P ACION: , CUBA
Tabia 1 -POBLACION TOTAL, POR PROV INC1 AS Y MUNICIPIOS: 19 5 3
del Norte.
dal flae..
PINAR DEL RIO LAS VILLAS
_
to.
6 041111610 661 Guayakal..
o
11, ids do Placa
522 Mit ..
" # kfolsna del ear
_ a .
Ion issioado do los v.,..? 11614 /BEV do las Beane .
O 831 raeMaha LW.
Eme=lael farRorano
26 de los Yaw
cb
O Sem Pas ......
ti=".
CO3. &OM do Goad
g =6-
LA HABANA
MATANZAS
2 Codas Relaa
Y. Celia.
01 0 Cluaiassaso. .
0 0. Mari Graeae-. ..
010 krvaliassa . ....
tJu lama Onalberto Gfonsa._
i,"; 121 Las Arabs..
o
Ag1018dba
0$ 4Md.
' IN) Idastiosli . . ...
.. .
Pods* isessamart
V dan Antonio di Calsora.
12 las do los Ramos.
21 Santa Aas (Qdas) .......
1.7nidoi do }taro ... -
3.5,735
31,939
14.672
:31.111
50,915
1 Abram+
Z Aguada de Passieros
3 CabalguAn .
4 Cilbarien
5 Calabasar de Seigue
18.328 6 Camaivanl .. .
34.137 1 Cienfuegos .
20,576 8 Citusates
? 5,274 9 Corralillo
3.867 so Cruces
93.196
22 828
31.826
23,519
15,940
421
11.933
13.288
18.801
29.449
11,204
10.0.51
112.333
42.540
/1.734
717.765
10.106
18.CO9
5,863
10,557
229,576
14,329
15,936
7.191
26,755
9.709
28.929
18.962
? ...20.332
10.683
21,600
32.891
1.638,1103
10,490
8.961
6.026
11.396
53.530
10.531
19.330
14.167
11,188
16,974
9.177
11.078
24,457
16.544
32,819
10,109
30.121
18,443
51 Enerueijada ......
12 Eaperanza.
/3 Fomento
14 Palmira
2 Ilasetas
IS Quernado de GOines..
5.7 Rancho Velos
58 Raaehuelo.. ....... .
20 Sagus la Grsuide .
2/ ? San Antonio de Ise I:nett-as
22 Sancti-Spiritus
23 San Diego del Valle. .
54 San Fernando de Canaan.,
38 San U40 de to. Remedios
2.6 San Juan de los Tarts ..
11 Santa Clara. '.
28 Santa Isabel de lam Lajas
29 Santo Domingo
30 Trinidad35 .
31
YegtutdaY
Zulueta.
1 Camagtley _ .
2 Ciego de ....
Z Esmeralda
4 Florida
Gaiiinaro. .
6. Jatibonioo
7 Moree ..
8 Nuoritas
9 Banta Cruz del Sur
I Alto Songo
Z Aatilla
3 Banos
4 B?266014.
Barasso .........
Carapsalausla
7. Canoy
9 Gibs's.
11 Holaala
33 0=Illo - .... ? .
31.
34 MAY'Ar(
19 ifiquoro.. .......
lik Palma Soriano
1Y Puerto Padre....--- ...
18 Ilaitua do Tinsaus-
1 , 9'776, I., 810 Ws _
, 9'626 2at L. tr ab.b...
8.0254, , 21' do los Ta...
? - .-
''..-, - 21' raismea.
I
CAMAGUEY
ORIENTE
3287479887832 '
18,668 >
26.244
"0
26,362 "0
''91180,:537238407 3
10,599
CD
2191..963037 <
0-
1510:711040 M
0
48.662 -I
io.g.ss X
21,339
CD
12.564
23.788 CD
391,2? 65
326 11)
0
i 15.838 CD
17,3.53 K.)
12.617
30.188 0
1
13422:17333 6056
17. 0
0
.., 13.808
48,808 03
36w:45,413 K3
01
-1 .030,162- ? ?
C)
1411.379
97.852 12)
23.195 73
49,091
11.381 0
.1.1,978 *NI
108,9211j
6
36.3091.145
618,266 ' -%
0
0
78.901 CD
32.578 >
50.366 0
68,263
143,487 0
K.)
27.409 01
26.717 -- 0
45.926 0
39,947
? 24.815 0
K)
2,6,779 0
73.493 0
95,804 0
83,251
86,844 K.)
s
96443
IMAM
36,719
42.4113
188,384
126.9812
az.z.ts I
.797,108
Approved For Release 2000/08/25: CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
B-E-C-R-EaT
La HabanaProvinee to 23.5 perions per avare kilometer (61 persons
per square mile) in CamagUey Province. Well over 50 percent of the
total popmlation resides in Oriente and IaiHabana Provinces (31 per-
cent and 26 percent, respectively), and 21 percent is concentrated
within the Havana metropolitan area.* (See Map 1.)
Eveu though the Cuban economy is primarily agricultural, 57 per-
cent of the wpastion resides in urban zones and only 43 percent in
rural areas. These figures, however, are somewhat misleading because
an urban zone, for purposes of the 1953 census enumeration, vas de-
fined as "a, population center of 150 inhabitants or more which has
electrical medical, legal, and recreational services, or which is
located in close proximity to and is functionally related to another
population center hewing these services." Thus many of the so-called
urban zones are little more than workers' settlements situated in
rural areas where agriCulturally-oriented activities (such as the
operation of sugar mills and the Intensive cultivation of tobacco)
require an above-average concentration of workers. The rural popu-
lation as designated in the census enumeration ,consists mainly of
families residing in isolated dwellings on fincas (farms) rather than
In settlements.
Considering the urban population 8S a 'whole 35 percent lives
In cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants; 23 percent in cities of
* The Hamann metropolitan area includes the urban zones of La
Habana, Mariana?, Guanabacoa, Santiago de las Vegas, Regla? Bauta,
and Santa Narla del Rosario muaicipios.
- 2
Approved For Release 2000/08/25: CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
GRAFICO 9.?DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA DE LA POBLACION TOTAL DE CUBA: 1953
CADA PUNTO BEPhi>i_N11 200 HADITANTES
Wrap 1. Distribution of Population, 1953
NOIDDI1G0/11,1\II
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
S-E-C-R-E-T
25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants; 20 percent in cities of 5,000 to.
25,000 inhabitants; and 22 percent in urbaa,communities of less than
5,000 inhabitants. Clusters of urban centers are in evidence par-
ticUlarly along the route of the Central Highway az d. in proximity to
the cities of Ls Habana, Santiago de Cuba, and Santa Clara. (See'
Table 2 for a listing by province of urban center s with 1,000 or
more inhabitants and Map 2 for the geographic distribution of urban
center e by relative size.
XII. Racial Composition
Racially the population of Cuba consists of Whites, Negroes, mem?-
bers of the yellow race, and meatizos. The white population in Cuba
is predominantly of Spanish descent, and the yellow population is al-
most entirely of Chinese deacent. As defined for purposes Of the
1953 census enumeration the term mestizo is applied to peraons of
mixed race whether white-Begro, white-yellow, or Negro-yellow.
The total number of persons enumerated as of a white-yellow or Negro
yellow racial mixture was statistically insignificant as compared
with the large number of white-Negro mestiZos.
Peron s of White skin constitute nearly 74 percent of the total
population and are about evenly divided between urban and rural
dwellera. Ykstizos and Negroes together comprise 26 percent of the
total population (I4 percent and 12 percent, respectively), and
persons of yellow skin constitute approximately 0.3 percent of the
population. Somewhat more than half the mestizos and Negroes reside
- 3 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
TsM 2-NUCL#OS URBANOS DE 1,000 HABITANTES NUS, POR. PR.OVINCIAS: 1953*
,
Mahe* sebum
FoblaciOn
-
Melees urbane'
PoblaCion
- --
- lll.
6. ,os u , no
- -
-0.1e... ?n
1 I I 41 I 1Y
'. o.ir-, a .
Pobbialan
puffin 1311, IVO
?
del akeit ,000:
0 a4,018
., .... . . ?.... ..........
ussnisi
Ds fff120,000:
On Sdel ur
.141;elos.
.
Ds 3.000 a 5,000:
Bahia Ronda.
CabaSaa.
Candelaria.
Cala&_ ..,_
Central Mereeditse
Central Orozco
Central Pike
Central San Cristobal ......
del Norte
Guano
Isabel Rubio
Colosna
Faso Riorl de iii;.; Dino
Cal:rrtato de Golpe.
rbra?Enra
Orist6bal
Juan y Martines
San Luis
Santa Lucia,
Villas.,
LA HABANA
Do 100,000 y mila:
H
La abana
Mariana?
De 60,000 ? 100,000:
San Miguel del Padron y
sus repartee
De Ma 50.000:
bacon,
1140:10
De 10,000 a 25,000:
Bouts
Gilira de Melons
Ban Antonio dales Banos
igrode las Laias
del Cotorro
11180 ds tal VOW--
Ds 000a 10,000:
...., mei
en basar
General Pima (Ranolio
Boyer*
Janice
&um Nicoll, ds Bail
Santa 84
redeao de Bataban6
De 1,000 a 8,000:
Aguaeate..
Arroyo Arenas
Baeuranao
Batabaa6
Calmito del Guayabal
Campo Florid*
? .
hallo.
, a ds Odenos
? ' del Aim-
tral Rarabsr-
?......
Gabriel.
Guam
Macon..
La Saud-
?=t ...
Mascara (Hospital)
=as del Sur
= Lems ...... ".."
38,885
17,461
12,908
6,146
6,260
3,042
2,226
3,548
1,789
1,146
1,740
1,181
1,182
2,254
4,070
4,070
1,894
1,1107
4,611
1,428
1,612
1,867
1,584
4,638
4,1168
2,785
1,698
1,602
785,455
210,278
60.631
82,490
29,226
26.765
11.618
18.715
17.788
13,011
18,251
10,974
7,111
9,582
5,945
5,785
5,201
5,738
6,872
5,076
8,088
8,819
1,584
8,024
4,283
2,888
2,108
2,228
2,522
1,868
8,778
LOSS
1,188
1,580
1,227
1,184
8,876
4,877
2,149
4,458
4,492
1,006
"GS
4,0112
LA HABANA-Cont,
Palo s
Punta Brava.
klusorio Nacional
Rineon
f3an Antonio de las Vegas
San Antonio de Itio Blanco
San Felipe
Santa Cruz del Norte ......
Santa Marla del Rosario
Tapaste
Vereda Nueva
Wajay
MATANZAS
De 60.000 a 100,000:
Miasmas
Ds 26,000 a 50,000:
Ciisdenas
De 10,000 a 25,000:
Colon
Jovellanos
De 5,000 a 10,000:
Jagney Grande
Pedro Betancourt
Perico
Uni6n de Re,.
Do 1,000 a 5,000:
Agramonte
Ale.cranes
Amarillas
Banagaiges
Bolondran
Calimete
Canasi
Carlos Rojas........ ............
Ceiba Mocha
Central Alava.
Central Espalia
Central Mercedes
Central Tinguaro
C4.58,-, " Ped
...Adra (Santa Ana)
Coliseo
Guareiras
Guile, de Macurijes.. ........
Juan Gualberto G?mez
Limonar
Los Arabos
man -to
Mara
Ban Antonio de Cabezas
San Joel do los Ramos
Varadero
LAS VILLAS
De 50,000 a 100,000:
Cienfuegos
Santa Clara
De 25,000 a 50,000:
Placetas
Sagua la Grande.
Sanctl-Spiritus
De 10,000 a 25,000:
Cabalguitn
Caibaritin.
Camajusni
Cruces
Remedios
Trinidad
0. 5,000 a 10,000:
Aguada de Pasajeroe .....
Fomento
Pal1,428 Guayas
mira
Santa Isabel de loa Lajas.
YagusisT
De 1,000 a 5,000:
Abram.
Bass
Buenaviata
Calabasar de Sagua.
Cartagena.
Cassaba
Caldlds.
Canna*
Central trbsmanola.
4,042
4,086
1,478
3,018
1,512
2.308
1,3E13
3,537
1,824
1,431
1,907
1,252
83,916
43,750
15,765
10444
,4,see
5,244
8,883
6,041iv
5,351
2,948
3,166
1,036
1,245
3,444
2,280
1,103
2,163
1,288
1,031
1,600
1,192
1,212
1,003
1,483
1,765
1,122
1.187
2,570
3,801
1.690
2,560
2,605
2,300
1,269
2,640
67,991
77,898
25,228
26,187
87,741
15,399
22,657
12,574
10,704
10,602
16,766
6,112
7,852
5,509
8,281
5,362
5,191
1,682
2,223
1,314
3,286
1,239
1,493
2,445
8,403
1,410
1,157
LAS VILLAS-Cont.
Central Marta
Central Narcisa
Central Victoria
Cifuentos
Congolas
Corrahllo
Cumanayagua.
El Santo
Encruoijada
Esperansa
FalcOn
General Lino Pirez
Guao
Guasimal
Isabela do Sagua
Monacan
Maniaaragua
Mats
Matagya ,.
Mayajigua
Mammies
Poza la China
Quemado de Gaines
Rancho Veloz
Ranchuelo
Rodas
Rodrigo
San Antonio de las Vueltas
Ban Diego del Valle....
San Fernando de Came-
rones
San Juan de los Yenta
Santo Domingo
Sitiecito
Taguasco
Tunas de Zaza
Yaguaramas
Zees del Medio
Zulueta
CAMAGUEY
De 100,000 y mils:
Camagany
De 25,000 a 50,000:
Ciego de Avila
De 10,000 a 26,000:
Florida
Mor6n
Nuevitas
De 5,000 a 10,000:
Central Elia
Guayabal
Ignacio Agramonte (Ver-
tientes)
De 1,000 a 5,000:
Cascorro
Ceballos
Central BaraguA
Central Cunagua
Central Lugareflo
Central Banta Marta
Central &nada
Central Stewart
Central Velasco
Ceispedes
Chambas
Esmeralda
Falls
Gaspar
Guadalupe
Guilmexo
Guayaoanes
Hatuey
Jatlbomoo
Jiqui
Jam*
Kinston Barrio
Majagua
Minas
Piedrecitaa
Pins.
Punta Metro
Santa On= del Sur
Sibaniod.
Simon Reyes
Bola
1,095
1,051
1,190
2,298
1,060
1,123
4,679
2,210
4,791
4,712
1,135
1,041
1497
1,752
3,701
2,515
3,903
1,349
1,214
2,950
1,050
4,852
4,840
1,943
4,288
4,560
1,627
8,020
1,096
2,878
2,361
4,728
1,213
2,642
1,380
1,098
4,252
4,254
110,388
35,178
21,159
18,629
12,300
5,447
5,889
7,021
2,442
1,405
2,287
1,879
3,185
1,326
1,314
1,943
1,173
4,410
3,046
4,191
1,876
1,740
1,098
4,503
1,020
1,787
4,583
1,186
1,411
1,448
2,289
3,827
ii,619
3,667
4,048
2,781
8,878
1,804
1,724
ORIENTE
Ds 100,000 y mia:
Santiago de Cuba
De 50,0130 a 100,000:
Guantinamo
Holguin
De 25,000 ? 50,000:
Manzanillo
Palma Soriano
Victoria de las Tunas
De 10,000 a 25,000:
Banes
Bannon
Bayamo
San Luis
De 5,000 a 10,000:
Antilla
Cairnanera
Campechuela
Central Chapzrra
Central Dahlias
Cuato
Gibara
Jiguani
Laguna Blanca
La Maya
Mayan
Niquero
Puerto Padre
Sagua de Tinamo
San German
De 1,000, a 5,000:
Alto Bongo
Haire ?
Bartle
Cacoefim
Caney
Cayo Mambi
Central Jobabo
Central Las Caw
Central Mabay
Central Macao
Central Manati
Central Miranda
Central Preston.
Central Rio Canto
Central Romelie
Central Salvador
Central San Antonio
Central San Ramon
Central Santa Cecilia
Central Soledad
Central Tsnaj6
Central Tinamo
Cobra
Cristo
Deleite
Dos Camince
Dos Caminos del Cobra
Entrada do Holguin
Fray Benito
Guami
Guamo
Guars
Guise
Juan Vicente
Jutinica
Kingston
La Moja
Los Indios
Matto
Minaa de Bueyalto
Nicaro
Palmarito
PH.%
Rio Seco
Ban Andr4e.
Ban Fernando
Ban Manuel.
San Martin
Santa Rita
Ti e uabos
Vwitas
Vebaeo
Yara.
Varey de Visques
Viagra'
Zarzal
168.287
64,0371
67,573
42,252
25,421
20,431
20,267
11,459
20,178
11,110
8,481
5,647
5,536
5,604
5,849
5,983
8,144
6,040
6,920
5,037
6,388
7,204
0,705
7,804
5,802
2,197
8.957
1,052
2,724
2,009
1,553
8,248
1,083
2,405
1,483
2.818
2,1136
8,827
8,174
1,088
1,520
1,300
1,037
1,101
1,245
1,298
2,032
2,586
3,160
1,188
2,004
2,278
1,203
1.458
1,500
2,507
1,862
2,857
1,392
2,870
1,160
1,818
1,103
2,804
1,190
8,074
1,986
2,489
1,615
1,655
1,104
2,106
2,020
1,055
1,280
2,014
1,444
8,245
1,812
2,102
1,421
regfitiglatettgratft1=g1RMIEZMODSPOU50=aegrat.atsmbi*
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
in urban areas. whereas 89 percent of the persons or yellow Skin are
7:onnentrate1 in urban areas. (See 'Tables 3 and 4.)
Table 3
Racial Composition by Provinces
p,:n
Race
Pinar del
io
La Habana Matanzas
Las Vines
White
357,252
1,184,493 307,230
849,242
483,405
Negro
63,463
176,601 47,622
94,628
81,554
Yellow
368
9,005 1,216
1,657
1,835
Mestizo
27,339
168,704 39,712
84,635
51,462
Total
448 422
115.3?L?ga 322,1?2.
1.,232,62
0.8,256
Table I.
Urban and Rural Population by Race in Percentages
.....goaps,eallr,v,???..1001?11,7111Mir
Oriente
1,062,334
261,443
2,576
471,253
1,797,606
Pinar del
Ro Ita Habana Matanzas
????}Y111.1.1?AMR*L.....40
Les mias Oriente
Race
Urban Rural
Urban
ftral
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Lur_lal
Urban Rural
White
32
68
90
10
53
47
45
55
50
50
38 62
Negro
Yellow
41
70
59
30
97
96
3
4
77
83
23
17
72
92
28
8
42
83
58
17
48
76
52
24
Mestizo
45
55
98
a
81
19
69
31
56
44
39
61
Although widely distributed throughout Cuba, the proportion of
neopie defined as colored (Negroes, medtizoa, and Chineae) to whites
varies considerably by province and maistaq. (See Maps 3, 4, 5, 6,
ic and 8.) Approximately 66 percent of the colored population is
concentrated in the provinces of Oriente and La Habana.
9-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
S-E-C-R-E-T
Of the pure Negro population, 36 percent reside in Oriente
Province and 24 percent in La Habana Province. Within Oriente Prov-
ince the heaviest conceLtration of Negroes (55 percent) occurs in
six EataIRE in the Santiago de Cuba-Guantirleuno region, and in
'IaLHabana Province more than 80 percent is concentrated in the Havana
metropolitan area alone.
Of the mestizo population) slightly more than 50 percent lives
in Oriente Province and another 20 percent in La Habana Province.
In Oriente Province the mestizo population is dispersed fairly
widely throughout the agricultural areas, whereas in Le Habana PrOV-
ince more than 66 percent is concentrated in the Havana metropolitan
area.
The Chinese reside in the larger urban areas of the country, where
they operate small businesses such as groceries, restaurants, laun-
dries, and truck farms. Fifty-six percent of the total Chinese popu-
lation is concentrated in La Habana Province and 15 percent in
Oriente Province. The Chinese constitute more than 1 percent of
the local population only in the maggan of La Habana, Isla de
Pines; and Nueva Paz in La Habana Province and of Alto Songo and
Gleantenamo in Oriente Province, A significant aspect of the Chinese
minority is the disproportionate sex ratio, with 90 percent of the
Chinese population being male. The Chinese community includes a
large number of Cuban wives -- both legal and comman-law. Presum-
ably the Children of these unions are reported as mestizos in the
census enumeration.
5
S-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
8.E-C-R-ET
The native Indian population of Cuba was alaost wiped out by the
early Spanish conquerors, but small nunbers of mestizos with narked
Indian physical eharacteristics are encountered in the rugged moun-
tain regions of Oriente Province. Presumably small ambers of reeieee
survived in these remote areas and intermarried with local White and
Negro settlers.
IV. Religion
Statiatical data are not available on religious affiliation, but
the Roman Catholic religion is pre 'leant.
V. Occupational Structure
The total labor force as of May 1953 was comprised of 2.1 mil-
lion persons, or 54 percent of the population aged 14 years or more.
The active labor force nuMbered about 2 million persons who were em.-
ployed in some occupation during the year prior to the census enumera-
tion. Many of these people had only seasonal employment, however,
and vere either unemployed or underemployed during the off season.
Approximately 83 percent of the labor force was of the male sex, and
only 17 percent ves female.
More than 60 percent of the labor force resides in urban zones.
This situation is explained in part by the seasonal migration of
workers from urban zones to the sugar centrals during the grinding
season and back to the cities during the off season and in part by
the official classification of122atta (residential areas associated
with the sugar mills) as urban zones.
- 6 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
=aka), sore than 41 percent of the active labor force vas em-
ployed in agricultural work as of 1553. Although the agricultural
population was distributel widely throughout the country, the lar-
gest concentrations of workers were to the two provinces of Oriente
and. Las Villas, which accoanted for 37 percent and 22 percent of this
occupational group, respectively.
Perone employed in service activities comprised the next lar-
gest occupational group (20 percent of the active labor force), and
more than 50 percent of them were concentrated in La Habana Proviace.
The manufacturing industry employed 17 percent of the active
labor force in 1953. La. Habana Province accounted for 38 percent of
this occupational group, and most of the remainder was located in
cities of 25,000 or more inhabitants in various parts of the country.
About 12 percent of the active labor force was engaged in com-
merce, and, as in the manufacturing industry, about 40 percent of
this occupational group was concentrated in La Habana Province, with
most of the remainder in various cities of 25,000 or more inhabitants.
Utilities, transportation and communications, and the construc-
tion industry together employed another 9 percent of the active labor
force. In each of these enterprises approximately 50 pereent of the
workers were concentrated in La. Habana Province.
Of the remaining 1 percent of the active labor force, mining ac-
counted for 0.5 percent. The other 0.5 percent WS9 employed in un-
specified occupations. Slightly more than half the miners were em-
ployed in Oriente Province, with the larger* concentrations in the
Mayari end Jiggled mining areas.
- 7 -
Approved For Release 2000/0812VtiTIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25: CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
? Percentage figures for the distribution of population by occupation
are given for each of the six provinces of Cuba in Table 5.
Table 5
Employment of Active Labor Force by Province
Percent
Type of
Aitglement .
Pinar del
Rio
La Habana
Matanzas
Las Villas
gloggsz
Oriente
Agriculture
62
10
46
52
54
57 -
Manufacturing
12
21
18
17
15
13
.Construction
2
6
3
. 2
2
2
Commerce
8
16
10
10
10
10
. Transporta-
tion, CQUI
munications
3
.8
5
4
5
4
Services
11
56
16
14
13
12
Other
2
-.:3
2
1
1
.
2
Wages in Cuba are generally high compared with those of other
, countries in similar economic circumstances. Wages paid in the ler-
ger enterprises generally run well above the legal monthly minimum
of 60 pesos ($6o.00). Pay rates, however, vary considerably between
companies within a given industry and between general categories of
industry. Wages paid in the sugar industry represent a fixed percentage
of the Government's estimate of the average price of sugar for the com-
ing year. In the event that the average price exceeds the estimate,
vages are then adjusted retroactively to conformvith the higher
average price.
Data on prevsiling nave or earnings are notpublished:by the
risiNart anvernment. Table 6 gives some indication of comparative wage
8 -
Approved For Release 200019812511-M-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
 ????????110.99.
Employer and Occupation
8-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25: CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
? Table 6. Selected Pay Rates in Havana in 1955
(Excerpted from Foreign labor in Cubs:,
? U.S. Department of Labor, May 19571---
Whges or Salaries
(Lasesoh or dollars) ,
Lowest Hi est Avera e
Messengers and office boys
Simple office work, such as mimeo-
graphing ? ? D ? OO OO OO
Stenographers, chiefly Spanish
language
Secretaries, bilingual
Accountants
Unskilled laborers
? 0
$90.00
? 6 6 110.00
Mechanics, third class . . ? . ? .
Mechanics, first class
Construction industa
? ? 0
120.00
200.00
187.00
Hour
Ti.
.99
1.25
Maley rates
7.00 $116.00
227.00 151.00
330.00 187.00
385.00 296.00
497.00 308.00
rates /
1.07 .92
1.46 1.20
1.83 1.45
Bricklayers, concrete-form car-
penters, and rodmen . . .
Helpers and laborers . . . .
Cuban Electric Power Co.
. 190??0?0
. 0000000
00.000
00? 0 0 00
0 0
9 0
. , ? . . ?
. ? .
0 00 ?9 0 0
?
.11
11M.
1111D
41.
11?11
.75
.3./ .47
1.09
.90
.75
.60
.47
Welders . . . . . . .
Ironworkers . . . ..
Reinforced steel workers
Helpers of skilled workers
Laborers . ?000 ?000 ?
United Fruit Co. 4/
???
9.56
8.60
14.11
Stevedores and minchmen . ?
Tally clerks, longshoremen,
tractor operators
Foremen, general . . . 90
1/-7Ehnies engaged in manufacturing, utilities, petroleum, and banking,
principally in Havana. Only 9 companies reported on manual workers. Data
exclude Christmas bonuses and sick,--leave allowances.
2/ Including the 9.09 percent allowance for 48 hours' pay for 44 hours'
work, but not including Vacation pay.
Minimtria wage rates established in 1949 and still accepted as the current
going rate by unions in the industry in 1955.
4/ November 1954 rates. Overtime rates are double those listed. Source:
Foreign Service Report No. 229, Havana, SepteMber 20, 1955.
- 9 -
Approved For Release 2000/0?/iLAATRDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
S-E-C-H-E-T
rates paid in 1955 by 10 leading companies in La Habana for a variety
of jobs. In February 1958, it was reported that several of the pay
rates listed had been increased 7 to 10 percent above the 1955 level.
The regular workday is 8 hours and the workweek is 44 hours, but
a workweek of 56 hours is authorized in the sugar industry during the
harvest season. Industries, offices, and commercial establishments
generally are closed on Sundays. During June, July, and August, shops
that are normally open on Saturday must give employees 1 free day each
week in addition to Sunday. Banks have had a 5-day vorkweek since 1948;
and mary offices, particularly in larger establishments, have followed
their example. Government offices are usually open from 8:30 a.m. to
1:00 p.m. and 5 days per week.
NI. Lasst
Literacy is relatively high in Cuba. Of the total population aged
10 years or more, 76 percent was reported as literate in the 1953 census
enumeration. Some disparity was shown between the urban and rural
population, however, with 88 percent of the urban population reported
as literate as opposed to only 58 percent of the rural population
(see Table 7).
Table 7
Percentage of Literacy by Province
Pinar del
Rio
La Habana
Matanzas
Las Villas
gamaam
Oriente
Total population
(aged 10 years
or more)
69.2
93.8
80.8
75.2
72.7
64.7
Urban population
82$
92.5
88.5
85.4
86.2
84.2
Rural population
61.8
71.4
69.1
64.3
58.5
50.3
Approved For Release 2000/08/g5ibCIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
S-E-C-R-E-T
A further percentage breakdown of literacy by municipio is provided
In the 19$3 Census, but the mui_?i1c=.2 figures do not differ signifi-
dantly from the province figures in most cases.
Literacy data by racial group were not included in the 1953 Census.
Fragmentary information on the Chinese community, hogever, is avail-
able from another source, dated December 1950. Moat of the Chinese
are literate in their own language. Cantonese is the dialect spoken
almost exclusively by the Chinese colony in Cuba. Nearly all of the
Chinese speak sone pidgin Spanish. The degree of proficiency in
Spanish varies from very poor to very good, but generally only those
who learn it when they are young become fluent. Mbst of the Chinese
colony can read Spanish, but cannot write it, and a few can read
some English.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
1.-Z000Z0009ZOOV6001.0-6/dC1N-Wreirg/000Z eseeieN .10d peA0.1ddV
Pinar. del Ro Province
. Racial Percentages by NUnicipio
NUmbers in parentheses are
keyed to municipios listed
in Table 1.
MAP 3
86
9
5
The three percentage figures indicated for each municipio are listed in the following order:
white, Negro, mestizo. E.g., the nmnicipio of Guene (7) is 86% white, 9% Negro, and 5* mestizo.
Approved For Release 2000/0k;,k.;116TRDP79-01009A002500020002-1
86 (19)
7
7
7
12
75 14
Map 4
13
/ 87
898
7 5
3
(26)
93
6 (22)
(8)
( ) (4 t()9 I (3.6)
92
42
4
(21)
(2)
(9)
86
89
9
9
5
2
,98
(20)
.
('3'i8)
(3)
87
9
86 4
89 8
9 6
2
77
15
7
84 (23)
5
87
9
4
La Habana Province
Racial Percentages by MUnicipio
ftebers.in.parentheses are
keyed to municipiot listed
in Table I.
The three percentage figures indicated for each minicipio are listed
the following order: white, Negro, mestizo. E.g., the municipio of
Bataban6 (3) is 86% white, 8% Begro, and 611 mestizo.
Note: The yellow race constitutes a significant element of the popu-
lation in the municipios of Habana (1%), Nueva Paz (1%), and
Isla de Pinos (1.5%).
3
11
a
15)
(16)
81
9
.0 41)
92,
77
12
11
82
12
6
(6)
77
13
10
72
14
14
(7)
84
8
8
(2) (4)
76
14
10
(1)
(17)
77
3.6
82
117
(9)
(14)
Map 3
(20
73
14 77
13 13
10
(12)
74
16
10
13)
77
10
13
Matanzas Province
0
CD
cb
a
a
CD
a
a
Racial Percentages by Municipio (KA
a
Numbers in parentheses are 8
keyed to municipios listed 8
in. Table 1. a
a
The three percentage figures indicated for each municio are listed in the following order:
white, Negro, mestizo. Lg., the municipio of A.lacranes (2) is 77% white, 120 Nero, and. 1] mestizo.
Approved For Release 2000/08/25 : CIA-RDP79-01009A00250002000,
714
?
1/4474
fj-7.14
0-1
k
-IA tr,
ON /
h,
-...--, V ?O
hi, .., ?,,
k
.1- '-'' ? I
1,4 - l ift .4- in!
0\
ni
,>,....5.r jz,11
QC Pit /CV
, -,.....- ,....,, ( A ?N \.,
I ...--
i
r.4
/ - ...1 i
'' 't, ? '''' ..........N. ty
4'
, --- r--
fal
1........./....ft.,".",???,..,.....i
4.."..4?
7
ON-4
1/4.0 6-4
\
(5:
,
0.10c0
n (.0
, t,c0,-54 , ,555.?.,
?55555,, _
1/40
,
C1/41
r-1
+$4
\t's 1/40?04
cal
sw-4 _
\
CO FA
jrNICO
4t14
4k1,1, k??4
0
tr?
I-1
cks
17,ni
g-1
0 0,
" 4
Approved For Release 2000/08/25_:Fp-RDP79-01009A002500020002-1
>
13
13
3
a
<
m
(7
-,
X
(7)
13
6 ( 3)
o 81
66
29
m
w 5
c)
c) \) (6)
K3
c)
8
co k
t,a N
.....
An
1.-Z000Z0009ZOOV600 1.0-6/dCrel
Map 7
CD
a
82
12
6
CamagUey Province
c)
c)
Racial Percentages by MUnicipio 21
c)
Numbers in parentheses are c)
K3
keyed to punicipios listed cn
in Table 1. c)
c)
0
K3
0
The three percentage figures indicated for each =mixt io are listed in the following order: c)
c)
white, Negro, mestimo. E.g., the ERA2102 of Florida ) is 7504hitel 16% Negro, and 9% mestizo
CD
?
(17
(21)
69
10
21
(15)
27
(13
a
The three percentage figures indicated for each munici io are listed in the following order:
a white, Negro, mestizo E.g ., the municipio of Cij8Tia 26% white, 26% Negro, and. 48% mestizo.
a
a . A3to Songo (1%) and. Ouantinamo (2%).
0
87
9
4.
(11)
86
7
7
(12)
65
7
28
(8)
Map 8
84
(3)
9 ( 2 )
10
(16)
46
20
34
14)
66
23
(1
19,
30
32
3 37
?
42
24
34
(7) 25
35
(18) 58
15
27
10)
35
28
35
Oriente Province
Racial Percentages by Municia.2
Numbers in parentheses are
keyed to municipios
in Table 1.
(22)
24
29
4.7
( 4 )
44
9
47
Note: The yellow race constitutes a significant element
Of the population in the municipios of
I"
t?:2
IWO FrOD 2000
PIES
lose. smn.N.J. Ell
Ns es porrast"yeptuthltr.stal parelel da stle ehnx
MEEELii,
mramaC
OCIEM 10_2
LJLrEGL=E3Eozaaa
4=1
cjOwn
OLIQ, r1
ttt
rr'rrCn C13:5
Approvd-Forllease 2000/08/26: CIA-RDP79-01009A0-62500020002-1
MDinRTC:- nu ?E
DD
? DEW
PJ,EOPP OM?41
Vsue:? E
PMF,Elielg!REIEFRADE!E
R.1131aRISEIEFfElltlEnIDE!
E ulna R
g'E 1E40
1313UHU 1:111t;
EEO MID 1E10 ElEI,'4
RRE Rig? HE EX
331.' E32R1:1?
EsOW:EISIOND EIEW311:1 OWEI
gl..MIN1BEIRIBEIEIBEIL1EDEI BOO
Togggs;ERIn UR4REE1RE
EAEI-Eggl,E UERERE1ER
4EINEFAIME11:100AIMIER
zElEpkigEE:ERRIEEPR=.==,
cgEE
EEE=
;R
n
RE
gg
E=
ER EE;
EV?IRE5?
E;,,EMM
E AB=
oxIF,
III IHID glIIN EILII21 LIS
[ErgReg glJEI ElE1E1 ULM
0321,.. .,,,_,B3 ElEP El
Effigl nu?il flUI BED g El
ElElrgElEillE10 HI: A[90.
UDI ,,?00, 'iLIN
H II r., ' ,,, - gH,1 '2
E''D ri iTE 2 E
Ell] rin DIA NEDIdilli
ElE1 EIIII eElE1,..- qi1E1?1g1:113El
ERRE EE
? INIWAH""
ER EREE
a EalliE ,10132REII:li i'
E 3 i 2.,-1 g I I I .10, V .4 I s A
2112222.1: 2 231221,21,23222172312 2'1 21211221222223 2 ,222E 3 122222 1122 21211
; JI
; "
ill1141111 ii111101141111111131 N4111131111 114 X 1111i1II 11111
1.212.,2,2 : A .422 A 422xxxxx " " "
I1111X111iiii 1541/1ej Ax '10
iliaL40iPiamermaIHUP
2227221223222223222 2 2 2 2 21222 2.2 2 22232 22222 S. 222222221,1.22.2 22; 3332
r Allizigiassasim-00;"eniiel Exelinfix35511x1 15E111111 1 ma . MJA aaa
::a;
JiIjIIJjJ
hIIIIh

jAi : 144 11
11211;11 1/21i &NE fil
22122122222 222222228232222231272 12722221322227222122:12 222E1 2
diralor -
9iiiiit3111111111 I1
2122'22221 " " ''''' 22222132
i
aa3LE...&331.311i1E.: 1iiii11111111111111111113411 J1.1 l
.1I"" 11%161?Iiii
iiiiii-
2:3236.10=IN22 3 7 222 3 2221222 2233 22113 322232222232212222222
!! 4
'
hugHhudildHlfhlidggYON
ahnonfifilighbilibloh
' 21 ' 22212
122222E12 222"2"*"
glib 1/1/1111110111111111111111
alOtalmsaasTs2=7:21=====
. . .
112213212221122E22231" x1 2"
4611.1 if ii;II i ilIII..
22 3222211 223 322 2 II
111111I 111iii I Mi
:VIMIZZIMISTIVAM22.1:21
L a Hifillififlkill
!Mei 1461
: 22222 """ 222221
,
k r 4
.4:1111?t4i?17 -..S4
11,v 400,.Ntitt.z.11.1.41111elti !fliellgliiito 41044.
4?11t-aerZikaiiiiR3Eull urgrra - *AL ,' .
llTiltillrIPrllirm: Elaill"iFINEruaLlr;L'\ :Nows:
4,..16 Iiixtritt?1:::pt:71:::::11:111:1:1:14: