CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD PART 1. ASIA AND THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01009A002000010007-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 61
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 9, 1999
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: January 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY N? 182
CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD
Part I. Asia and the USSR
1 January 1958
CIA/RR-GR-1 81
DacUMEWNQ.
HO CHANCRE IN COLA S&
AM:- Pik
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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 $1ui1'a11 la'd`li.t,t u1 f~v 1 i:~LTyZi1 t s
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MEMORANDUM FORS Recipient of Subject Report
SUBJECT Transmittal of CIA/( a18l, Civil Divisions of the
1. Transmitted herewith is a copy of Part I of the 5-part report
on Civil Divisions of the World. Part I Asia and than USSR will be
fol1rnr by' Fart II, frica.; Fart III, Eu_r_o j F , eaniA; and
Part V. Westem here. Copies of Parts II through Abe sent
to you as they are issued*
2,, this comprehensive report gives the generic name of the
first- and second-order civil divisions and the number of such units
in each country. "Country" is interpreted loosely to cover nations,,
dominions, colonies, protectorates, possessions, and other types of
political units, Exceptions to the normal pattern and special cases
are discussed briefly, and basic references are cited for each country.
FOR THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF CENTRAL REFERENCE
STATINTL
-l81
'five of Central Reference
,hief, Document Division
OR. OFF;~CUtAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD
Part I. Asia and the USSR
1 January 1,+58
CIA/RR-GR-181
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ?
B. Southwest Asia (Middle East)
Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .
Cyprus . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Syria . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 6
Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 8
Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Muscat and Oman . . . . . . . . . . .
Trucial Coast . . . . . . . . . .
Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bahr- in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . 20
C. Southern and Southeastern Asia
Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Jammu and Kashmir . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
India . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Portuguese India . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Pondicherry State (French India) . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? . . . 25
Ceylon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Maldive Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . . . . 27
Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Page
Bhutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Burma . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Cambodia . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 34
Vietnam (South) . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Vietnam (North) . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Malaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 37
Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
D. Far East
China. (Communist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2
Korea (South) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Korea (North) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Ryukyu Islands (U.S: Administration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Bonin.and Volcano Is. (U.S. Administration) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1+7
China (Nationalist) ..Taiwan (Formosa) . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 48
29
Hong Kong . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 49
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CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD
Part I. ASIA AND THE USSR
Introduction
Wherever possible, this report gives the generic names of first- and
second-order civil divisions and the number of such units for each country.
"Country" is here interpreted loosely to cover nations, dominions, colonies,
protectorates, possessions, and other types of units. In general, the data
reflect de facto sovereignty as of 1 January 1958. The counting of a particu-
lar civil division under the name of a country, however, does not necessarily
imply recognition of its current political status by the United States
Government.
The data vary greatly in relative completeness and accuracy from country
to country. For some political units, information was available for first-
order divisions only. For others, no divisions could be listed although, in
some cases, brief explanations could be given.
In several instances, the status of units as first- or second-order
divisions is clouded by the existence of entities of intermediate rank. As
a rule, an attempt was made to identify the basic first- and second-order
units, and to deal with exceptions and intermediate units in the remarks.
The nature of the data on hand, however, did not always favor strict
adherence to this policy, and the compilers will quickly concede that
valid interpretations different from theirs can be placed on many of the
civil division patterns.
If the generic name of a civil division has been transliterated or
transcribed from a language that does not employ a roman alphabet, the
name used in this report is generally that used in one or more of the cited
references. Wherever feasible, the transliterations or transcriptions con-
form to the policies of the U.S. Board on Geographic.Names, but conformity
is not guaranteed. Where appropriate, generic terms are followed by a
translation -- the "standard" translation where one could be discerned, and
the choice of the compilers in other cases. Where translations only were
available, that is, where the official form in current use could not be
identified with certainty, the translation only is given in brackets.
Wherever the figure appearing after the first- or second-order division
term is underlined it indicates that the figure was arrived at by counting
the number of units shown on available maps. Because of cartographic
ambiguities and errors in counting, these figures may be less accurate than
those (not underlined) that were taken from documentary sources. In general,
the map-count figures will be accurate if small, but are likely to include
minor errors where more than 50 units were counted.
The date given for each civil division category is that of the main
source from which information was taken. Where basic data were drawn from
numerous sources, the date may span several years -- for example, 1954-57-
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The references cited generally
main sources from which data for th
it was necessary to note several re
coverage for -both first- and second
maps, lists, and other works useful
relationships. After each citation
data presented by the source is giv
Materials for which call number
obtained by referring to the report
requests to the Office of the Coord:
OLI/M), Department of State. Items
generally be obtainable only on loaf
numbers will usually be available a;
include the main source or one of the
is report were taken. In.some instances,
erences in order to give complete
order divisions. References include
in interpreting administrative
a brief indication of the type of
,s or map numbers are noted can be
by title and date in presenting
nator for Maps, IRC/M (formerly
for which call numbers are given will
whereas items identified by map
retention copies.
Where reliability of the data
some relationship is not covered byII
crepancies are noted under the head~l
s particularly doubtful, or where
the available sources, the dis-
ng ,Gaps? .
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Section A
USSR
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UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1957
sovetskaya sotsialisticheskaya respublika
(soviet socialist republic): 15
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS kray (territory): 6
1957 oblast' (region): 117
avtonomnaya sovetskaya sotsialisticheskaya respublika
(autonomous soviet socialist republic)- 18
gorod respublikanskogo podchineniya
(city of republic subordination): 65
avtonomnaya oblast' (autonomous region)
rayon (district): 392
REMARKS Units are created or abolished or changed in other ways (names
and boundaries) frequently; thus, the November 1957 data given
above are not likely to remain current for more than 2 or 3
months.
There are 10 avtonomnaya ob lasts in the USSR, but only 4+ are
second-order units.
The figure (65) for cities of republic subordination is approxi-
mate.
Rayons most commonly rank as third- or fourth-order divisions,
but in eight republics (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaydzhan, Moldavia,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Tadzhik.) they are second-order. The
number given above is. approximate tzzc1 refers; only to rayons
directly' subordinate-to republics.
REFERENCES Administrativno-Territorial'noye Deleniye Soyoznikh Respublik
(Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Soviet Republics);
Izvestiya Sovetov Deputatov Trudyashchikhsya, SSSR, Moscow, 195+;
an official handbook (in Russian); names of first- through third-
order units and indication of administrative relationships; new
edition will probably appear early 1958.
Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; 1:8,000,000;
Glavnoye Upravleniye Geodezii i Kartografii, Ministerstvo
Vnutrennikh Del, SSSR, Moscow, 1957; names (Cyrillic) and
boundaries of first- and second-order units; map published
yearly.
USSR: Political-Administrative Divisions; 1:17,000,000; 1957;_
names (romanized) and boundaries of the first- and second-order
units. Map No. 13702.1.
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Section B
SOUTHWEST ASIA
(Middle East)
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Note on Middle East Federations
The formation early in 1958 of the United Arab Republic and the Arab
Union beclouds somewhat the internal administrative arrangements of the
countries involved. United Arab Republic adherents now include Egypt,
Syria, and Yemen, whereas the Arab Union comprises Iraq and Jordan. Both
groupings may acquire new members.
Although the new entities are still in a formative stage, data from
decrees and statements of leaders permit tentative conclusions regarding
their administrative systems. In the United Arab Republic, Egypt and
Syria are viewed as "provinces" (the official Arabic term is not yet
known), which means that the pre-1958 administrative divisions of the
two "countries" should be lowered one step in rank. The pre-1958
divisions of Syria are noted on p. 6, those of Egypt are considered in
Civil Divisions of the World, Part II, Africa.
Although the word "federate" was used in 2 March 1958 announcements
of the affiliation of Yemen with the United Arab Republic, the relationship
of Yemen to the Republic as thus far explained seems to be little more
than that of an associated or tightly allied state. This means that, for
the present at least, Yemen should not be regarded as a "province" of the
new republic, but as a country having the pre-1958 administrative divisions
noted on p. 11.
The official view of the internal administrative arrangements of the
Arab Union is not explained as specifically in available sources as that
of the United Arab Republic. Nevertheless, there seems to be ample reason
for regarding Jordan and Iraq as first-order divisions of the new Union,
thereby lowering the pre-1958 divisions discussed on p. 9 and 18 one step
in rank. The official generic term or terms that will be used to designate
Iraq and Jordan in relation to the Arab Union cannot yet be identified
with certainty. However, "state" seems to be a likely possibility.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS vil yet (province): 66
1955
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS kaza (district): 546
1955
REMARKS Apparently, no Turkish cities have special status as first- or
second-order civil divisions.
REFERENCE Mulki Idare Taksimati (Civil Administrative Divisions);
1:2,000,000; Harita Umum MUdurlUgU, 1955; names and boundaries
of first- and second-order units. Call No. 53662.
4 TURKEY
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 6
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS town: 6
1956 rural municipality: 10
village: 617
REMARKS Part of the largest district, Nicosia, is set aside as a sub-
district, but no other first.-order unit is so divided. Towns,
rural municipalities, and villages are second-order units in the
sense that their leaders are supervised by district officials.
The town of Nicosia and, possibly, other towns have well-defined
limits, but whether villages have precise boundaries is uncertain.
REFERENCE Cyprus Report for the Year 1956; Her Majesty's Stationery Office,
London, 1957; names and boundaries of first-order divisions on a
map at 1:700,000; administrative relationships and data on lower-
order units given in text.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS muhafa~at (department): 9
1954
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS Gaza (district): 39
1954
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank as first- or second-order civil
divisions.
REFERENCES Towns and Cities of Syria; 1:5,000,000; p. 5 in The Economic
Development of Syria," International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1955; names and
boundaries of the first- and second-order units.
Syria and Lebanon; 1:1,000,000; 1953; names and boundaries of the
first-order units. Map No. 11180.
Note: See the prefatory remarks on the new Middle East federations.
6 - SYRIA
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS muhafa~at (department):
ca. 1955
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS caza (district): 24
ca. 1955
REMARKS The city of Beirut apparently ranks as a department and has been
counted as one.
REFERENCES Syria and Lebanon; 1:1,000,000; 1953; names of first-order units.
Map No. 11l 0.
Villages with Public Schools; 1:300,000; Republic of Lebanon,
Ministry of National Education and Fine Arts, Department of Statis-
tics and Schools, ca. 1955; boundaries of first-order units, and
names and boundaries of second-order units. Call No. 97235.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS mahoz (district): 6
195+; 1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS nafah (subdistric.t),e.12
1954; 1957
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank as divisions of first- or second-order;
the subdivisions of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa and Jerusalem districts
are not officially ranked as second-order.
REFERENCE Israel Administrative Divisions; 1:900,000; 1957; names and
boundaries of first- and second-order units. Map No. 12977, rev.
Mar 57.
8 - ISRAEL
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS liwa (province): 8
1954-57 mqAfiziyat al '99imah
(governorate of the capital): 1
[desert administration]: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS gaga (district): 23
REMARKS The "governorate of the capital" takes in the capital city,
`Amman, and some 70 surrounding villages. The "desert adminis-
tration" includes areas of sparse nomadic population in the east
and south; apparently it was reduced in size by the civil divi-
sion changes of June 1957.
REFERENCE The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; 1:250,000; Jordan Department of
Lands and Surveys; base 1955, plotted data 1957; names and
boundaries of first- and second-order units. Coverage is limited
to the area of permanent settlement in the west; therefore, the
way certain boundaries were extended in June 1957 into territory
formerly under "desert administration" is not completely clear.
Call No. 102428.
GAPS Available map coverage for the divisions as revised in 1957 is
limited to the area of permanent settlement.
Note: See the prefatory remarks on the new Middle East federations.
JORDAN
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Administration is by tribes whose areas overlap and change
constantly. The cited map locates core areas of about 40 main
tribal groups. These areas, however, are too vague to warrant
listing as civil divisions.
REFERENCE Rough Tribal Map of Arabia; 1:11,404,800; 19+9; Call No. 70687-
- 10 - SAUDI ARABIA
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS liwa (province): 6
195+
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS caza (district): no data
1954
REMARKS No data are available on towns, if any, that rank as first- or
second-order units. Province and district arrangement is
undoubtedly theoretical for many areas that are actually admin-
istered through loosely rooted tribes.
REFERENCES Massignon, Louis. Annuaire du Monde Musulman, Presses Universi-
taires de France, Paris, 1954; p. 31; province names listed.
Codepid (Map Supplement to the Epidemiological Cable Code), World
Health Organization, Geneva, 1954, 1st ed.; province names and
boundaries shown on sketchy map at 1:9,000,000; data from a 19+7
source. Call No. aA000-23.W6 1954.
Note: Codepid shows 7 provinces; Massignon indicates that 2 of
these (Sa'da and Hajja) have been combined.
GAPS No data on second-order units are available; map coverage is
sketchy.
Note: See the prefatory remarks on the new Middle East federations.
-11- YEMEN
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1953-56
protectorate: 2
crown colony: 1
island:.1*
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS protectorate states and sultanates: 23
1953-54
REMARKS Treating "Aden" as a political unit seems to be realistic in view
of the lines of advice or authority that extend from the Governor
of Aden to the colony, the protectorates (eastern and western),
and Kamaran Island, which is also claimed by Yemen.
Extensive sections of the boundaries between Aden and countries
to the north are undemarcated; the limits of many states and
sultanates are also indefinite. Apparently, no cities rank as
first- or second-order divisions, although the municipality of
Aden is surrounded by the relatively small area (some 75 square
miles) of the colony of Aden. '
REFERENCES The Colonial Office List, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London,
1953; administrative relationships.
Colonial Reports- Aden - 1953 and 1954, Her Majesty's Stationery
Office, London, 1956; includes sketchy map at 1:3,000,000 showing
boundaries of some of the units; names listed in text.
GAPS Map coverage for boundaries is sketchy and incomplete.
* The island that is considered a separate unit is Kamaran Island in the
Red Sea. It is under the authority of the Governor of Aden, but belongs to
neither the protectorates nor the colony. It is also claimed by Yemen.
Perim, a populated island in the Bab el Mendab, is a dependency of Aden
Colony. Socotra Island and small adjacent islands off the coast of Africa
form the insular section of the Sultanate of Qishn and Socotra, Eastern
Aden Protectorate.
- 12 - ADEN
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS liwa (?) (province): 9
195+
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER.DIVISIONS
REMARKS No information is available on towns, if any, that may rank as
civil divisions; the province arrangement is theoretical for many
areas that are actually administered through tribes whose
locale changes frequently.
REFERENCE Massignon, Louis, Annuaire du Monde Musulman, Presses Universi-
taires de France, Paris, 195!I; p. 2; provinces listed and their
locations indicated roughly.
GAPS No map coverage for boundaries is available, nor are data on
second-order units available.
- 13 - MUSCAT AND OMAN
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS [sheikhdom]: 7
1954
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Administration is partly through tribal groups; civil division
boundaries are vague; no data are available on towns, if any,
that rank as first-order units.
REFERENCE Codepid (Map Supplement to the Epidemiological Cable Code),
it ed.; World Health Organization, Geneva, 1954; p. 22; names
and boundaries of first-order units on a crude map at
1:10,000,000. Call No. aA000-23.W6 1954.
GAPS Available data are of doubtful reliability; the cited map is
sketchy; and the generic name of the unit is uncertain.
14 - TRUCIAL COAST
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QATAR
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Administration is through tribes whose areas of authority change
frequently and are too vague to list as civil divisions.
REFERENCE Massignon, Louis, Annuaire du Monde Musulman, Presses Universi-
taires de France, Paris, 1954; p. 46; lists of 4 main tribes.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS - -
REFERENCE - -
GAPS No firm data on civil divisions are available.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS - -
REFERENCE - -
GAPS No firm data on civil divisions are available.
KUWAIT
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IRAQ
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS- liwa' (district): 14
1953
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS gadha'. (subdistrict); 61
REMARKS No municipalities rank in their own right as first- or second-
order divisions.
REFERENCE Atlas of Iraq, by Sousa, Ahmed; Survey Press, Baghdad, 1953;
includes maps (1:500,000 - 1:2,000,000) that give names (romanized)
and boundaries of the first- and second-order units; civil
division names listed in text tables. Call No. aH2l1-23056 1953?
Note: See the prefatory remarks on the new Middle East federations.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS ostan (province): 11
1955
fermandari-kol (independent governorate): 2
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS shahrestan (district): 98
REMARKS Provinces are numbered from 1 through 10 and named; Tehran
Province, however, apparently has no official number. Some pro-
vinces are divided into subprovinces (~ for the country as a
whole); the two "independent governorates" are areas along the
Persian Gulf coast that may be raised eventually to ostan rank.
Apparently, no cities have status in their own right as first-
or second-order divisions.
REFERENCE Iran; 1:2,500,000; Master Joint Fund Operations, Engineering and
Construction Division; 1955; numbers and boundaries of first-order
units; names of second-order units. Call No. 52981.
GAPS No map coverage for shahrestan boundaries is available. Many
aspects of the first-order division system are not explained by
available data.
19 - IRAN
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS velayat-i-kabul (major province): 7
1952-57 hukuniati a:'.lRyi (minor province): 7
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS hukumat (district): 145
1952-57
REMARKS Ten of the 14 provinces are divided into subprovinces (singular:
hukumat-i-kalan) which number 29 for the country as a whole.
Apparently, no cities rank in their own right as first- or second-
order civil divisions.
REFERENCE Afghanistan Internal Administration; 1:2,000,000; 1957 (in work
Jan 195,' ; names and boundaries of the first- and second-order
units, including subprovinces. Map No. 26018.
- 20 - AFGHANISTAN
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Section C
SOUTHERN AND SOUTHEASTERN ASIA
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FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS division: 13
1957 special area: 3
federal capital area: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 61
1957
special area: 6
REMARKS The two parts of Pakistan, East and West, are officially recog-
nized as provinces, with West Pakistan having a capital (Lahore)
apart from the national capital at Karachi. In a sense, this
adjustment to the unique geography of the divided country makes
the provinces first-order units, whereas in practice the divi-
sions seem to perform this role.
Karachi appears to be the only city that ranks as a major civil
division.
Press reports of September 1957 indicate that a change in the
districts of East Pakistan is under consideration.
REFERENCE India and Pakistan; 1:6,000,000; Apr 1957; names and boundaries
of all listed units. Map No. 2571+3.
* See also Jammu and Kashmir -- status in dispute between Pakistan and
India.
- 21 - PAKISTAN
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JAMMU AND KASHMIR*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS Disputed area as a whole:
1957
division or state: 3
Pakistan side of the cease fire line:
division or state: parts of
India side of the cease fire line:
division or state: parts of 3
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS Disputed area as a whole:
1957 district: 16
tribal area: 4
Pakistan side of the cease fire line:
district: 6
district part:
tribal area: 4
India side of the cease fire line:
district: 5
district part: 5
tribal area: none
REMARKS How the civil divisions of the disputed area.should now rank de-
pends on the view taken of the status of Jammu and Kashmir and/or
the civil division system that existed in India before the 1947
partition. In this report, divisions or states have been arbi-
trarily listed as first-order, and districts and tribal areas
as second-order.
REFERENCE India and Pakistan; 1:6,000,000; Apr 1957; names and boundaries
of all listed units;.shows cease fire line. Map No. 2571+3.
*Status in dispute between Pakistan and India.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS state: 14
1956-57 union territory: 6**
agency: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 317
1956-57 tribal area: 5
division: 6
REMARKS Union territories are administered by the President through an
official appointed by him.
Since the Northeast Frontier Agency is governed under the same
article of the Constitution (Art. 240) as the union territories,
it has been counted as a first-order unit.
Of the 317 districts, 310 are in the states; the remaining 7 are
in the union territories.
All 6 divisions are in the Northwest Frontier Agency.
The 5 tribal areas are in Assam. The Governor of Assam, who ad-
ministers the units for the president, appoints councils that make
rules for their respective areas.
The boundaries of Delhi Union Territory take in little more than
the Delhi urban area. Calcutta ranks as a district and has been
counted as one.
REFERENCES The Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part II, Sec 1, "The Consti-
tution (Seventh Amendment Act, New,Delhi, Oct 1956; administra-
tive relationships of units.
India and Pakistan; 1:6,000,000; Apr 1957; names and boundaries
of all listed units except a new district, Alleppy, which was in-
augurated in Kerala in Aug 1957- Map No. 257)+3.
India, A Reference Annual, Government of India, New Delhi, 1957
names of all listed units.
* See also Jammu and Kashmir -- status in dispute between India and
Pakistan.
** The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lacadive Islands form 2 of the 6
Union Territories; others are Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, and Manipur.
- 23 INDIA
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS estado (state): 1
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS distrito (district): 3
1957
REMARKS The official third-order unit is the concelho (commune) of which
there are 15- It would probably be more realistic to view the
concelho as second-order, giving the distrito (district) first-
order rank.
The districts are divided into communes as follows:
Diu . . . . . . . 2
Dam9o . . . . . . 2
G6a . . . . . . . 11
Apparently, no cities rank as civil divisions.
Reference (c) indicates that the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar
Avely, Distrito de Damffio, have been taken over by Goan
"nationalists," that is, pro-India-merger Goans, who have set
up their own administration.
REFERENCES (a) Annua,rio do Ultramar Portugu9s, Empresa Nacionale de
Publicidade, Lisbon, 195 ; administrative relationships.
(b) Atlas de Portugual Ultramarino, Ministerio das Colonias,
Junta das Miss6es Geograficas e de Investiga9 es Coloniais,
Lisbon, 19+8; names and boundaries of units..
(c) The Times of India Directory and Yearbook; 1956-57; Bennett,
Coleman and Co., Ltd., London; administrative relationships.
24+ - PORTUGUESE INDIA
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PONDICHERRY STATE (FRENCH INDIA)*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS commune: 16
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Whether the four individual possessions of French India should
now be regarded as first-order units in their own right with
communes as second-order divisions is a moot question. The
possessions are divided into communes as follows:
Pondicherry . . . . . . . . 8
Karikal . . . . . . . . 6
Yanam . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mahe . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chandernagore, in West Bengal, the 5th possession of French India,
became de ure a part of India in 1951; the cession treaty was
ratified by the French Assembly on 11 April 1952.
REFERENCES The Times of India Directory . and e,rbook; 1956-57; Bennett,
Coleman and Co., Ltd., London; status of units and administrative
relationships.
Atlas Colonial Francais, L'Illustration, Paris, 1938; pl. 28
includes small-scale map locating French possessions throughout
India, and medium scale maps of individual possessions; commune
boundaries not shown. Call No. A002 1938.
GAPS There appear to be no readily available sources giving names and
* Administered de facto since 195- by India through a chief commissioner;
de jure transfer to India was still pending on 1 January 1958.
- 25 - PONDICHERRY STATE
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS province: 9
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 20
REMARKS Apparently, no towns rank in their own right as first- or second-
order divisions.
REFERENCES - Ferguson's Ceylon Directory, Ceylon Observer Press, Colombo,
revised to May 1957; list of provinces and districts (p. 60-61);
includes sketchy map at 1:1,500,000 showing first-order unit
boundaries; Army Map Service Call No. DS488.9 F35 1957.
Ceylon; 1:750,000; June 1957; boundaries and names of first-
and second-order divisions, Map No. 11762.
26 - CEYLON
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MALDIVE ISLANDS
(British Protectorate)
Name and.number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS [atoll group]: 17
1951
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Presumably the island pattern provides whatever is needed in the
way of a second-order breakdown. The islands number about 2,000
of which some 200 are inhabited.
REFERENCE U.S. Foreign Service Despatch, Colombo, No. 1007, 11 Jun 1951.
GAPS No name data or map coverage for boundaries are available.
-.27 - MALDIVE ISLANDS
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS [district]: 38
1955-56
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS taluk (subdistrict): 270
1955-56
REMARKS The Nepal Valley, which takes in Katmandu and otc.er towns, has
been counted as a district, although it may have,a special desig-
nation. In either case, it is quite certain that this unit ranks
as a first-order division.
A sketchy Nepalese language map (1956-?) shows the districts
grouped in 6 large regions with the Nepal Valley as the 7th
region. Whether these units are in fact the current first-order
divisions is not known, but it seems unlikely.
REFERENCES Map of Nepal; 1:3,30+,720; U.S. Operations Administration, ',
Katmandu, Nepal, Jan 1956; names and boundaries of first-order`;
units; map is sketchy and some names are illegible. Call No.
556+1.
Administrative Divisions of Nepal, U.S. Foreign Service, Geogra-
phic Attache Letter No. 2, New Delhi, 24 Feb 1955; names of first-
and second-order units in hierarchic outline; current reliability
of the list is doubtful; list and the map cited above seem to
agree on the number of first-order units, but not on names.
GAPS All of the available data appear to be of doubtful reliability.
28 - NEPAL
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS tahsil (district): 3
1953
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS In India, a tahsil is a subdivision.of a district, in Sikkim,
however, units carrying this name appear to be first-order divi-
sions. The three units divide the country into northern, eastern,
and western parts.
REFERENCE
GAPS No name data are available nor is map coverage for boundaries.
- 29 - SIKKIM
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER, DIVISIONS
RFMARIB
REFERENCE
No firm civil divisions data are available,
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS taing (division): 8
1957 pyine (state); 4
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER, DIVISIONS kayaing (district): 15
1956
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank in their own right as first- or second-
order units.
REFERENCE Burma Civil List (Myanma Naingngan Asoya Ayashimya Sayin), No. 1.,
1953; names of first- through third-order civil divisions in
hierarchic outline.
GAPS No satisfactory map coverage for the boundaries seems to be avail-
able.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS phak (region): 9
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS changwat (province): 71.
1956
REMARKS There has been some disagreement as to whether the phak is a true
first-order unit. Available evidence suggests that it is. If,
however, this is not the case the province should be regarded as
the first-order division. The amphoe (district) unit of third?-
order, rank, of which there arehould then be raised to the
second-order category.
Apparently, no towns rank in their own right as first- or second-
order units.
REFERENCES Thailand Administrative Divisions; 1:3,750,000; Jan 1952, rev.
Aug 55; names and boundaries of first- and second-order units.
Map No. 12781.
Major Administrative Divisions in Thailand; Army Forces Far East
Map Service; July 1956; names of units, first- through third-
order, listed in hierarchic outline; wherever minor discrepancies
between the list and the cited map occur, the list should be given
preference since it presents data believed to be correct through
April 1956.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER.DIVISIONS [province]: 12
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
1957
muong (district)
: 83
kong (district)
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank in their own right as first- or second-
order units.
REFERENCE Map of Laos According to Administrative Divisions. ca. 1:1,700,000;
encl. to U.S. Foreign Service Despatch.No. 140, Vientiane, Laos;
5 Feb 1957; names and boundaries of first- and second-order units;
provinces named in marginal table with number of lower-order
units in each given after the name; map is sketchy. Call No. 57806.
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS [province
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER.-DIVISIONS [district]: no data
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank in their own right as first-order civil
divisions. Generic names for political units are loosely applied
and may vary from region to region, for example:
muong - province
khet - it it
khet - district
srok - it ,?
REFERENCE Indochina; 1:2,500,000; Sep 1957; names and boundaries of first-
order divisions. Map No. 26211.
GAPS Few or no data on second-order units are available.
- 34 - CAMBODIA
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VIETNAM (SOUTH)
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS tinh (province): 3~+
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS quan (prefecture): no data
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank as first-order divisions, although the
boundaries of Gia Dinh, the smallest province, take in little more
than Saigon and its suburbs.
REFERENCE Indochina.; 1:2,500,000; Sept 1957; names and boundaries of first-
order divisions. Map No. 26211.
GAPS Few or no data on second-order units are available.
VIETNAM (SOUTH)
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VIETNAM (NORTH)*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS tinh (province): 30
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS quan (prefecture): no data
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank as first-order units.
REFERENCE Indochina; 1:2,500,000; Sept 1957; names and boundaries of first-
order divisions. Map No. 26211.
GAPS Few or no data on second-order units are available.
*North Korea is not recognized by the United States Government.
- 36 - VIETNAM.(NORTH)
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS state: 11
January 1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 67
1950
REMARKS Apparently, no cities rank as first- or second-order divisions
in their own right.
The terms "state" and "settlement" were used to identify first-
order units before Malaya achieved independence on 31.August-1957.
The settlements (now called states) comprised Malacca and Penang,
the latter taking in Penang Island and Province Wellesley.
REFERENCE Malaya 1950; 1:380,160; Survey Department, Federation of Malaya;
names and boundaries of first- and second-order units. Call No.
78325?
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS municipality: 1
1953 "rural board": 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS mukim (parish): 32
REMARKS The municipality is Singapore city, which takes in 7 parishes;
the area under the "rural board" apparently comprises all parts
of the colony outside the limits of Singapore city.
The mukim (parish) figure was determined from a map that did not
clarify the administrative status of the small islets. adjoining
Singapore Island. It is possible that these areas (islets) form
a few additional parishes -- "additional" in the sense that they
are not included in the figure (32) given above.
REFERENCE Singapore; 1:25,000; GSGS 4797, 1st ed., Survey Department,
Federation of Malaya, 1953; reprinted by War Office, 1955; names
and boundaries of units. Call No. 535+3?
Available data do not make the system completely clear.
* The colony takes in Singapore Island and a number of adjacent islets.
Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, at one time part of Singapore Colony,
is not considered in this repO.rt.
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Section D
FAR EAST
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CHINA (COMMUNIST)*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS sheng (province): 22
January 1957 chih-hsia shih
`central-government-controlled municipality): 3
tzu-chih ch'U (autonomous region): 2
Tibet**: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS hsien (county): 1,973..
January 1957 shih (municipality): 171
tzu-chih hsien (autonomous county): 1.7
tzu-chih ch'U (autonomous area): 2
tzu-chih ch'i (autonomous banner): 1
ch'i (banner): 53
ch'ii (area): 2
chen (town).- 2
k'uang-ch'u. (mining area): 1
pan-shih ch'u (office): 1
ch'u. (urban district or ward): 4+5
Totals-.-
Yisien-level units 2,082
municipalities 171
urban districts or
wards of central-
government-controlled
municipalities 45
2,298
Note: The hsien-level units are taken from
reference (b); reference (a), which is
more generalized, gives 171 municipali-
ties, 1,972 hsien, and 51 autonomous
hsien.
Communist China is not recognized by the United States Government.
The status of Tibet is unique; incorporation as an autonomous region has
been postponed and the area is now controlled by the Tibet Autonomous Region
Preparatory Committee. Reference (a) lists Tibet as an autonomous region,
which is not yet strictly true; reference (b) gives two divisions, which agrees
with current press usage: Hsi-tsang ti-fang (Tibet Proper) Ch'ang-tu ti'ch'U
(Chamdo local area).
- 39 CHINA (COMMUNIST)
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CHINA (COMMUNIST)
con't
REMARKS Officially, the provinces number 23, the 23rd being Taiwan
(Formosa).
Between the first- and second-order units as here defined is an
echelon of divisions with somewhat obscure functions and diverse
historical origins. These intermediate units include:
hsing-cheng ch'U
(administrative area)
4
chuan-ch'U
(special district)
]AO
tzu-chih chou
(autonomous or self-
administering district)
29
tzu-chih ch'u.
(autonomous area)
1
meng (league)
8
ti-ch'U (local area)
3
kuan-li chll
(control bureau)
1
pan-?shih ch'u (office)
10
196
The pan-shih ch'u units include 8 in Tibet according to reference
(a).
Two new autonomous regions, the Ninghsia Hui. Autonomous Region
and the Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region (replacing Kwangsi
Province) are being set up. Enabling legislation has been passed,
but as of 1 January 1958 had not yet been promulgated.
Central-government-controlled municipalities include Peking,
Tientsin, and Shanghai. The urban districts or wards of these
cities are the only units of their type that rank as second-order
civil divisions.
REFERENCES (a) People's Handbook, 1957 (in Chinese), Ta-kung-pao she, Peking,
1957; list of second-order units; summary treatment of administra-
tive relationships, p. 613.
(b) Tables of the Administrative Divisions of the People's
Republic of China. in Chinese), Fa-1u ch'u-pan-she, Peking, 1957;
number and hierarchic relationships of units. Call No. H)+20-23.F2.
(c) Communist China Administrative Divisions - October 1956;
1:10,000,000; Nov 1956; names (romanized) and boundaries of
first-order divisions. Map No. 25745.
(d) Chung-hua jen-min kung-ho-kuo haing-cheng chtu hua-kua-t'ia:
[Map of the Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of
China]; 1:4,000,000; Ti-t'u ch'u-pan she (Map Publishing Company);
Shanghai, 3rd ed., n.d. (1956-?); names and boundaries of first-
order units and some intermediate units, names and seats of
second-order divisions; all names are in Chinese characters;
revised editions of the map are published periodically.
Call No. 56283.
x+0
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CHINA (COMMUNIST)
con't
REFERENCES (e) Codepid (Map Supplement to the Epidemiological Cable Code);
first edition; World Health Organization, Geneva, 1954; data
are not current, but the maps at 1:5,000,000 (p. 27-30) are
among the few available that show boundaries of provinces and
hsien; accompanying lists keyed to maps by number give for
each province romanized names of hsien; romanizations do not
conform strictly to Board on Geographic Names standards but
are adequate for general reference. Call No. aA000-23.W6 1954.
(f) China: Official Standard Names Approved by the United
States Board on Geographic Names; Gazetteers Nos. 5 and 22,
Vol. 1 (A-L), Vol. 2 (M-Z), Vol. 3 (Hong Kong, Macao, Sinkiang,
Taiwan, and Tibet), 1955-56, U.S. Government Printing Office;
for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, BGN-approved spe-
cific names for civil divisions listed in alphabetical sequence
along with names of towns and physical features; locations given
by geographic coordinates.
GAPS Adequate map coverage is unavailable for the current boundaries
of many second-order and intermediate units.
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MONGOLIA
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS. aimak (district or league): 18
19)+8-57 [city]: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS somon (subdistrict): 322
1918-57 khoron (urban district): 9
REMARKS The city noted under first-order divisions is Ulan Bator.
REFERENCES Shiger, A.G., Administrativno-Territorial'noye Deleniye
Zarubezhnykh Stran Territorial-Administrative Divisions of
Foreign Countries ; 2nd revision, Gosudarstvennoye Izdatel'stvo
Geografi.cheskoy Literatury (State Publishing House for Geographic
Literature), Moscow, 1957; names (Cyrillic)nd obouries of Call
first-order units on a sketch may (p. 157) at 1:15,000,
No. gA000-23.55 1957.
Die Mongolische Volksrepublik (The Mongolian People's Republica)
1.7,500,000, I.J. Slatkin, Berlin, 1951+; names (romanized) and
boundaries of the first-order units. Call No. 961+58.
Tsapkin, N.V., Mongol'skaia Narodnaia Respublika (Mongolian
People's Republic , Moscow, 1948; quoted in Monograph on
Mongolian People's Republic, Human Relations Area Files, Inc.,
New Haven, 1956, p. 522 (prelim. ed.); data on urban districts.
Names of second-order units are not available nor is map coverage
available for their boundaries.
MONGOLIA
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KOREA. (SOUTH)
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS do (province): 9
1957 t'iUkpyolsi (special city): 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS gun
(county): 202
1957 kun
si (city): 25
gu (ward): 9
REMARKS Se6ul is the special city indicated as a first-order division.
The figure for gun is approximate.
Gun and kun are romanized forms of the same Korean character.
They are used in reference (a) to identify counties (195 gun,
7 kun) that do not differ in status. In rendering names, some
authorities eliminate kun and identify all counties as gun.
REFERENCES (a) Major Administrative Divisions of South Korea; preliminary
ed., U.S. Army Map Service, Far East; March 1957; names of
units and their administrative relationships.
(b) South Korea; 1:1,200,000; Oct- 1956; names and boundaries of
first-order units. Map No. 25612.
GAPS There appear to be no readily available small- or medium-scale
maps giving romanized names and boundaries of second-order
units.
- 43 :.
KOREA (SOUTH)
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KOREA (NORTH)'
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
do (province): 9
t'ukpy6lsi (special city): 1
chigu (district): 1
gun (county): 170
si (city): 14
guyok (ward): 5
REMARKS The special city indicated as a first-order division is P'ygngyang.
The chigu comprises the city of Kaesong and environs.
REFERENCES Choson Chido (Korea Map); 1:1,350,000; Kungnip Ch'ulp'ansa (State
publishing House), North Korea, 1956; names (in Korean) and bound-
aries of first- and second-order units.
North Korea; 1:1,200,000; Oct 1956; names (romanized) and bound-
ar'es of first-order units. Map No. 25613.
GAPS There appear to be no readily available small- or medium-scale
maps giving romanized names and boundaries of second-order units.
*North Korea is not recognized by the United States Government.
- 44 _ KOREA (NORTH)
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS ken (prefecture): 42*
1956 do (territory): 1
fu (urban prefecture): 2
to (metropolis): 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS shichb (subprefecture): 16
19.7-56 shi (city): 470
machi (town)
1,700
cho (town)
mura (township): 5,400
ku (ward): 35
REMARKS Not included in the first- and second-order divisions are 536 urn
(counties) that appear to function between prefectures and
second-order units, but are no longer true civil divisions. They
are retained, however, as units of convenience for census taking,
postal addresses, etc. The only do is Hokkaido, which is divided
into 14 shicho. Figures for second-order units are approximate.
.The shi, machi, cho, and mura pattern has changed greatly since
World War II and is still changing -- for example, mura combined
to form new machi or shi. The fu are Osaka and Kyoto; the to is
Tokyo -- the only unit of first-order rank divided into ku wards),
in addition to other types of second-order units..
More accurate data than that given above on the number of second-
order units could be arrived at through detailed analysis of
various recent Japanese-language atlases, such as reference (c).
REFERENCES (a) Administrative Subdivisions of Japan; U.S. Department of
State Publication No. 2749; 194b-47; names and boundaries of the
first- and second-order units and their administrative relation-
ships; data are not current, but this is still one of the most
useful references available.
(b) Japan; 1:2,500,000; Nov 1951; names and boundaries of first-
order units; shows limits of U.S. and Japanese administration in
offshore islands. Map No. 11997-
(c) Nippon Daichizu (Atlas of Japan); Teikoku Shoin, Tokyo, 1957?
Call No. aH 2.TT4 1957.
* Does not include Okinawa, which is under United States administration.
(See Ryukyu Islands -- following page).
45 JAPAN
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RYUKYU ISLANDS
(United States Administration)*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS ken (prefecture): 1
19+7-54
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS shi (city): 2
19.7-54 machi (town): 4
mura (township): 53
REMARKS See remarks under Japan about the status of gun, of which there
are 5 in the U.S.-administered portion of the Ryukyus.
REFERENCES Administrative Subdivisions of Japan; U.S. Department of State
Publication No. 2749) 1946-47; names and boundaries. of units;
administrative relationships.
Okinawa Road Map; 1:100,000; King Associates, printed by Kyowa
Printing Co., Tokyo, 1951-; names and boundaries of Okinawa-admin-
istrative units given in marginal index; information partially
updates other sources. Call No. 91366.
GAPS More recent data are needed on second-order units.
*North of 27?N, the Ryukyus, (except Torishima) are under Japanese civil
administration. To the south, the islands are under United.States military ad-
ministration as are the three islands of the Daito group, some 200 miles south-
east of Okinawa. Japan retains residual sovereignty over the entire Ryukyu
group.
- 46 - RYUKYU ISLANDS
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS to (metropolis): 1
195+
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS shichS (branch administration): 1
19+7
REMARKS Islands and groups of islands are divided into 5 mura (townships)
of third-order rank, although for most of Japan, mura are second-
order divisions. Some of the Bonin Islands and outlying islands
such as Marcus were administered directly by the government of
Ogasawara-Shicho, but were not regarded by the Japanese as civil
divisions.
It is assumed that in administering the Bonins, United States
officials have retained at least the general pattern of the
Japanese system, as was done in the Ryukyus.
REFERENCES Administrative Subdivisions of Japan, U.S. Department of State
Publication No. 2749; 1946-47; names and boundaries of units
through the mura level and administrative relationships of units.
Japan; 1:2,500,000; Nov 1951; shows limits of U.S.-administered
area. Map No. 11997-
* The Bonin and Volcano Islands comprise Ogasawara Gunto, Kazan Retto and
adjacent islands including Marcus and Parece Vela. The Bonins are adminis-
tered by the United States,-but Japan retains residual sovereignty; islands
north of the Bonins (Nampo Shoto, 29?N, to 0-Shima)'areadministered by Japan
as part of Tokyo-to.
- 47 - BONIN AND VOLCANO ISLANDS
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CHINA (NATIONALIST)
Taiwan (Formosa)*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS sheng (province): 1
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS hsien (county): 16
1956 shih (municipality): 5
REMARKS Although the following units are now officially third-order, it
would be more realistic to view them as second-order, while
treating hsien and shih as first-order divisionst
then ) (township)** - 318
hsiang)
ch'U (urban district - 42
or ward)
Nationalist-held islands off the China coast are under a militaxy
administration, but retain their hsien designations as parts of
Fukien Province of mainland China.
The hsien figure does not include the "Yangmingshan Administra-
tion," in the mountainous northern part of T'ai-pei Shih. Al-
though it is often listed officially with hsien, its precise
status is uncertain. It is a residence area for Nationalist
leaders.
The shih include Chi-lung, Kao-hsiung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-nan, and
T'ai-pei.
REFERENCES (a) Natural Environment and Crop Distribution in Taiwan; Chinese-
American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, Plant Industry
Series No. 13, Taipei, June 1956; names (romanized) of hsien level
units and number of lower order units; includes map at 1:2,100,000
which shows boundaries.
(b) Civil Divisions of Taiwan; 1:625,000; U.S. Mutual Security
Agency, 1953; boundaries of smaller civil divisions; names in
marginal list keyed to map by number. Call No. 85103.
*The government at T'ai-pei regards Taiwan (including the Pescadores and
other nearby islands) as a single province of the Republic of China, and main-
tains a Taiwan provincial administration subordinate to the national government.
In theory, the national government holds sway over China as a whole.
**Chen and hsiang are translated as township in reference (a).
- 48 - CHINA (NATIONALIST)
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Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Units that might be called first-order divisions include: (a) a
municipal administration responsible for Hong Kong Island and
the urban areas (Victoria and Kowloon), and (b) a "New Terri-
tories" administration under a District Commissioner responsible
for the remainder of Hong Kong. The Commissioner is apparently
assisted by district officers, one for each of the three areas
into which the leased territory is divided. This breakdown,
however, does not seem to be strictly observed in carrying out
government functions.
REFERENCES
[Administrative Divisions of Hong Kong]; 10175,000; Hong Kong
District Commissioner, New Territories, Annual Report 1953/54,
Hong Kong, 1954; names and boundaries of the New Territories
districts. Call No. 951+17.
Hong Kong Annual Report 1955, Government Printer, Hong Kong,
1956; administrative relationships of units.
The Colonial Office List 1953; Her Majesty's Stationery Office,
London, 1953; administrative relationships of units.
GAPS The system is not made clear by available data.
Including leased and ceded territories.
- 49 - HONG KONG
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Name and number. of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS provIncia.(province): 1
1957
game-and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS concelho (commune): 2
19+8-55
REMARKS Treating Macao as a single entity of first-order rank
reflects the official Portuguese view of the area-as
an overseas province.
The "province" is divided into 2 communes -- one comprising
the peninsular city of Macao, and the other taking in the
islands of Taipa and Coloane, which in turn rank individually
as freguesias (parishes), official third-order units.
Apparently, the city of Macao has no subdivisions.
It.might be more realistic to ignore the status of Macao as
an overseas province and treat the communes as first-order
divisions and the parishes as second-order..
REFERENCES Annuario do Ultramar Port ues, Empress, Nacional de Publicidade,
Lisbon, 195; administrative relationships.
Atlas de Portugal Ultramarino, Ministerio das Colon.ias, Junta
das MissOes Geograficas e de Irivestiga93es Coloniais; Lisbon,
1948, location and names of units.
GAPS No boundary data.
- 50 - MACAO
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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