MAP INTELLIGENCE REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000200020006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 25, 1999
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: August 1, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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itIoli4POFFIfferettri'm
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Copy No. 227
MAP INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
CIA/RR MR-37
August 1953
DOCUMENT NO.
4140 CHANGE IN CLASS. 0
>
-0
-0
3
<
Territory Gained Territory Lost m
Area Area Area CL
-n
Date (Sq. Km.) Name (Sq. Km.) Name (Sq. Km.) 0
-1
1937 140,600 a/
? 4 ? 41 ? X
M
1938 88,912 Sudeten 51,688
districts,
(to
Teschen,
a
parts of a
Slovakia
and (&)
Ruthenia Cf1
H
co 1939 Nonexistent Pj ? ?
1945 127,820 1937 area Ruthenia b 12,780 0
1947 127,882 Bratislava 62 H
VI
Bridgehead
1948 127,827 c/
CD
c
a. Area figure to nearest hundred square kilometers, from League of Nations Statistical a
a
Yearbook, 1936-37. cn
a
a
b. See Footnote e. under USSR. a
r.)
a
c. United Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1948. a
a
r.)
a
a
0
"0
3
<
CD
a
-n
0
-1
X
CD
(7)
A)
0
CD
K.1
a
a
-%
8
GPI
---til
aci)
GIH
-
0-1
?C)
Di-g
CIU
71
-.1
CD
cb
a
a
Hungary
1
.c)
1
Date
Area
Territory Gained
Territory Lost
Name
Area
Name
Area
(Sq. Km.)
(Sq. Km.)
(Sq. Km.)
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1945
1947
1948
93,073 a/
105,073
117,173
160,273
171,773
93,073
93,011
93,011 b/
Parts of .
Slovakia
and Ruthenia
Remainder of
Ruthenia
Transylvania
Yugoslav
provinces
12,000
12,100
43,100
11,500
All tern-
tory gained,
1938-41
Bratislava
Bridgehead
78,700
62
01
>
a a. League of Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1936-37.
a
a
a b. United Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1948.
a
a
a
a
0
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Poland
Area
Territory Gained
Area
(Sq. Km.)
Date (Sq. Km.) Name
Territory Lost
Area
Name (Sq. Km.)
1937
1938
388,000 I/
389,086
Teschen 1,086
1939
Nonexistent
E. provinces
194,210
(to USSR) bi
W. provinces
194,976 ci
(to Germany)
1945
311,730 d/
Danzig ei 1,914
Teschen
1,086
S. East
Prussia 5../ 23,792
E. Germany ei 76,998
USSR
border 21,420
1951
311,730
USSR 480
border g/
USSR
border
480
a. Area figure to nearest thousand square kilometers, from League of Nations Statistical
Yearbook, 1936-37.
b. See Footnote b. under USSR.
c. This figure, the residual area of Poland after the deduction of the Soviet-occupied
territory, is presumably the area occupied by Germany, including the provinces in-
corporated into the Reich and the "General Government" of Poland.
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d. Area reported by the United Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1948, and supported by other >
-0
sources. The addition of the difference between the postwar territorial gains and loss 13
to the area explained in Footnote c. gives an approximate area of 318,000 sq. km. 3
<
CD
a
e. These areas were placed under Polish administration by the Potsdam Conference of
m
1945. In the view of the United States Government, final determination of sovereignty 0
-1
over the areas will not be made until there is a Peace Treaty for Germany.
X
CD
CT
f. See Footnote b. under USSR. a)
C,)
g. See Footnote h. under USSR. CD
K.)
a
a
?%
Territory Gained Territory Lost
Area Area Area
t,04
cno
Date (Sq. Km.) Name (Sq. Km.) Name (Sq. Km.)
:I? ?
'
1937 295,000 21 60
IA>
1940 193,294 Bessarabia 45,100 till
N. Bucovina 5,810 t=1073
71
Transylvania 43,100
S. Dobruja 7.696 to
cb
1941 244,204 Bessarabia 45,100 ? ?%
a
N. Bucovina 5,810 a
1944 193,294 Bessarabia 45,100 tn
>
N. Bucovina 5,810 a
a
1945 236,394 Transylvania 43,100 a
K.)
1948 237,384J a
a
a
K.)
a
a
a. Area figure to nearest thousand square kilometers, from League of Nations Statistical a
cy)
Yearbook, 1936-37.
Cr)
b. United Nations Statistical Yearbook, 1948.
Rumania
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USSR
Area
Date (Sq. Km.)
Territory Gained Territory Lost
Area Area
(Sq. Km.) Name (Sq. Km.)
Name
1937
21,420,210
1939
21, 614, 420 W. Ukraine 131/ 93,040
(E. Poland)
W. White 101, 170
Russia bi
(E. Poland)
1940
21, 881, 020 Karelia-Kola 43, 690
?.0? ? ?
Front
Bessarabia 45, 100
N. Bucovina 5,810
Estonia E.1 46, 560
Latvia cI 65, 690
Lithuania Cl 59,750
19 41
21,830, 110 00040
Bessarabia
45, 100
N. Bucovina
5,810 1"
1944
21, 881, 020 Bessarabia 45, 100
? 0 0 0
N. Bucovina 5,810
1945
22, 102, 600 Tannu Tuva 168,940
Kuril Islands SY 10,010
Polish
border bi
21, 420
S. Sakhalin al 33,380
Ruthenia 51 12, 780
K1aipedaRegionE12, 820
Kaliningrad 15,070
Oblast 11
1947
22, 113, 200 Pechenga 10,600
(Petsamo) Region
1951
22, 113, 200 gl Polish border 12/ 480
Polish border
480
Ga,LDIII,LSaU
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a. Areal figures for the USSR in this table are taken from Geograficheskoye Obschestvo
SSSR, Trudy Vtorogo Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo S'ezda, Tom III, Moscow, 1949.
b. Eastern Poland was incorporated into the USSR by a USSR-Polish Treaty of August 1945.
This treaty adjusted the line of Soviet occupation of 1939, returning the area to Poland.
The United States was not a party to the agreement.
c. The United States Government does not recognize the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania into the USSR. The Klaipeda Region (Memelland) is now included in the
Lithuanian SSR.
d. Japan formally renounced title to the Kuril Islands and southern Sakhalin by the Peace
Treaty. These areas are under Soviet administration.
e. Ruthenia (Subcarpathian Ukraine) was incorporated into the USSR in accordance with an
agreement between the USSR and Czechoslovakia in June 1945. The United States was
not a party to this agreement.
f. Kaliningrad Oblast (northern East Prussia) was placed under the administration of the
USSR as a result of the Potsdam Conference of 1945. In the view of the United States
Government, final determination of sovereignty cannot be made until there is a Peace
Treaty for Germany.
g. Recent corrections in areal calculations by Soviet geographers give the approximate total
land area of the USSR as 22,136,000.
h. Equal exchange of territory by treaty of February 1951 between oland and the USSR.
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Areal Changes in the USSR and Soviet Orbit Since 1937
Area (Thousand Square Kilometers)
Country
1937
1940
1945
1948 to present
USSR
21,420
21,881
22,103
22,113
China
11,562
11,562
11,598
9,736 a/
Mongolia
1,621
Albania
28
28
28
29
Bulgaria
103
1.11
111
111
Czechslovakia
141
128
128
East Germany.
107
107
Hungary
93
160
93
93
Poland
388
???sar
312
312
Rumania
295
193
236
237
a. Includes territory under Nationalist control.
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C. RUMORED TERRITORIAL TRANSFERS INVOLVING THE USSR,
POLAND, EAST GERMANY, AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Two agreements involving territorial transfers in the USSR,
Poland, East Germany (Soviet Zone), and Czechoslovakia have re-
cently been rumored, but neither has been officially confirmed or
refuted. The first concerns an impending evacuation of Stettin and
its joint administration by the Soviet Union, Poland, and East
Germany. Both the civil authorities and the civilian population of
Stettin would be withdrawn and the area turned into a naval base for
the Soviet Baltic Fleet. All merchant-ship traffic would be discon-
tinued, with Rostock and Kolberg becoming substitute ports. (See
Map A, CIA 12802.)
The second rumor concerns negotiations between East Germany
and Czechoslovakia for an exchange of territory. As reported, a
Czech area included in the Rumburk Okres of Liberec Kraj is to be
transferred to Bezirk (district) Dresden, a part of former Land
Sachsen. A new Kreis, to be administered from Sebnitz, will be
created fromi the ceded territory. In exchange, Czechoslovakia
would receive the basin of the Zittau, close to the East German--
Polish-Czech border. (See Map B.) On the surface, this territorial
adjustment would appear quite logical and reasonable. Actually,
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part of the territory to be ceded by the Czechs is practically a de-
populated and economically dismantled wasteland, whereas the
Zittau Basin is densely populated and highly industrialized. Reports
also indicate that Czech authorities have begun to move physically
handicapped people into the exchange area and that skilled laborers
are being transferred to the interior of Czechoslovakia.
(RESTRICTED)
D. NEW MAPS OF THE EAST ZONE OF GERMANY
The recent riots in the East Zone of Germany have focused
attention on this part of the Soviet world and have increased the
demand for good maps of the area. Several such maps have re-
cently been received in Washington.
Deutsche Demokratische Republik, at 1:500,000, published by
Justus Perthes in October 1952 (Call No. 81629),* is one of the best
maps of East Germany but is available only in limited quantity.
Although more generalized and showing the pre-August 1952 bounda-
ries, Wandkarte Der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone, at 1:500,000,
published by Richard Schwarz in August 1952 (Call No. 81754), is
useful and much more accessible, since it is published in West
* Unless otherwise noted, call numbers throughout this Review
are for the CIA Map Library.
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DEMMA
Rostock
Greifswald
EAST GERMANY
(Soviet Zone)
NO RT
`-,?P BA TIC SEA
MAP
HarnArcf(!: A \
) BERLIN \**) t POL.
e--,
(Soviet Zone) .1
GERMNY \ ?
Frankfurt
?
Dresden
*PRAGUE
CZECH.
..:>?????
VIENNA
100
SW1TZ. -AUSTRIA Miles
? ./
Anklam
BALTIC SEA
Peenemiinde
USEDOM
$'4?
Pasewalk
Prenzlau
I.
Stettin A
/
Pe!lku Aln ./.2
Gollno
?
MAP A
POLISH
ADMINISTRATION
0 Stargard
O 20 40 Statute Miles
I
0 20 40 Kilometers
EAST GERMANY
(Soviet Zone)
MAP B
Bautzen
CHOSLOVAKIA
0
5 10 15 Statute Miles
0 5 10 15 Kilometers
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Geimany. The Perthes map shows transportation, cities, and
boundaries in better detail, but the Schwarz map is adequate for
orientation and general reference. The place names in Polish-ad-
ministered Germany are in Polish on the Perthes map and in German
on the Schwarz map.
For comparison and study of the relationships between East
and West Germany and immediately adjacent areas, two other new
maps are recommended: 1) Deutschland, 1:750,000, Justus Perthes,
September 1952 (Call No. 82801); and 2) Deutschland, 1:700,000,
Schaffmann and Kluge, undated but probably 1953 (Call No. 83239).
On both maps the number of place names and the detail of hydro-
graphic and transportation data are sufficient for most reference
purposes. The Schaffmann and Kluge map shows more detailed
information on administrative divisions, including Kreis boundaries
and seats. (RESTRICTED)
E. PLACE-NAME CHANGES IN THE EAST ZONE OF GERMANY
The East German Government has recently announced the re-
naming of the cities of Chemnitz and FUrstenberg/Oder. By the new
order Chemnitz became Karl Marx Stadt and Furstenberg/Oder be-
came Stalinstadt. The new names probably will not be used much
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outside of the Soviet-controlled area but will appear in official pub-
lications because of the importance of the two cities. Chemnitz has
a population of 250,000 and FlIrstenberg, the site of a new iron-
smelting works, is expected to have a population of 30,000.
(RESTRICTED)
F. NEW MAP OF FINNO-SCANDINAVIAN WOOD INDUSTRIES
The only up-to-date map of the wood industries of Norway,
Sweden, and Finland -- The Northern Wood Industries, 1:1,500,000 --
was published in 1952 by AB Svensk Tr'dvaru-Tidning (The Swedish
Timber and Woodpulp Journal), Stockholm, and is now available for
reference (Call No. 81232). The map locates and identifies sawmills,
box-board mills, house and plywood factories, wallboard factories,
woodpulp mills (chemical and mechanical), paper and paper board
mills, shipping ports and loading places, shipbrokers, shipping
districts, and canals. Selected railways and roads are shown and
populated places are identified by size categories. An inset of the
H7arn3sand and Sundsvall districts of Sweden is included.
The various plants are-differentiated by symbols, which are
keyed by number to an index that supplies the name of the company
and mill, postal address, and the atlas grid reference to the map.
The index is arranged by countries, which are further divided into
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two categories that together include the various wood-working in-
dustries and the pulp and paper industries. A Handbook of the
Northern Wood Industry reportedly gives fuller details on firms and
mills, but it is not yet available. (RESTRICTED)
G. SOILS MAPS OF THE NETHERLANDS
The North Sea tidal floods of February 1953 focused world
attention once more on the Netherlands and its struggle against the
sea. The land at the mouth of the Scheldt River had not yet recovered
from the floods of World War II when this new disaster wiped out
most of the reconstruction that had been accomplished. The Dutch
have again begun to rebuild, and in their new reclamation planning
they have the advantage of a very detailed postwar soil survey.
Since 1948 the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture has pub-
lished a series of 10 area studies, De Bodemkartering van Nederland
(The Soil Survey of the Netherlands) (Call No. f 233-22, N46, Vols.
1-10). This series covers scattered areas throughout the country
and serves as a basis for the Provisional Soil Map of the Netherlands
included in the book Soils of the Netherlands (See Map Intelligence
Review 34, August 1952, p. 10). The series is particularly valuable
fpr the fine detail with which it treats the areas of Azewijn, Betuwe,
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Bommelerwaard, Didam, Groesbeek, de Noordoost Polder, Noord-
Limburg, Wageningen, Westland, and Zuidbeveland.
Although primarily agricultural, the soil surveys furnish cur-
rent and accurate information regarding trafficability, terrain,
cover, crops, and settlement patterns. Maps, ranging in scale from
1:5,000 to 1:50,000, are supplemented by numerous soil profiles
and ground and aerial photographs. English titles and summaries
of the texts make these detailed data unusually convenient.
The wide variety of useful information contained in the study
for the Westland, southwest of The Hague, is typical of the entire
series. An illustrated text and 10 maps show the historical develop-
ment and present use of the land. Maps at 1:50,000 locate old dunes,
creeks, tidal gullies, clay deposits, peat depressions, land below
sea level, and cultural relics from the Iron Age to the ninth century.
A reconnaissance map at 1:25,000 locates a variety of dune-sand
types, estuarial clays, muck, peat, and excavated soils. Water
and associated features include reservoirs, streams, ditches,
jetties, and wharves. Railroads, streetcar lines, and three
classes of roads are also shown. A second map of the northern
part of the Westland, at 1:10,000, presents such details as "water-
logged clay soils; 25 cm. loose clay on sticky sub-soil."
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A particularly useful map gives "suitability for construction of
buildings and roads." Some studies also include locational maps
for items discussed in the texts, such as soil and crop samplings and
boundaries, as well as land-use photographs.
Military -trafficability information is particularly abundant.
The series delimits the extremely variegated soil types of the
Netherlands, such as the sandy "crevasse wash" of broken dikes,
and the interbedded peat, clay, and ochre deposits. Many canals,
drainage ditches, and gullied areas are located.
Parts of these recent publications are already being revised.
The basic map information and description of reclamation techniques
and land use in the present edition, however, will aid materially
in planning the rehabilitation of the flooded areas and are a useful
addition to the geographic intelligence of the Netherlands.
(RESTRICTED)
H. RECENT MICHELIN MAPS
Within the last few years the famous French Service de Tourisme
Michelin has revised its entire road-map series and has issued
a number of new maps designed to meet the needs of special types of
tourists. The road maps, the major Michelin publications, have
long been outstanding for their accuracy and excellent cartographic
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presentation, which are the result of a program of continuous re-
vision by the publishers in cooperation with the French mapping and
road engineering offices. Further improvement of the new maps has
been introduced through the adoption of a system of road checks by
teams using wire recorders. As of February 1953, France was
covered by 38 sheets, of which 33 were issued in 1952 and the re-
maining 5 in 1951.
Additional types of information are included on 6 maps recently
published for the use of cyclists, skiers, canoeists, and campers.
Much of this information is directly applicable to the work of the
Department of Defense, particularly for studies such as those in
the Escape and Evasion series. These maps are described briefly
below.
1) Sorties de Paris, 1:50,000, 1951-52, Call No. 78954, shows
Paris in considerable detail, including the current state of the roads.
2) Carte cycliste, 1:100,000, 1951-52, Call No. 80109, is a
variation of the earlier map, Environs de Paris, and provides
significant detail regarding road gradients, materials, and surface
conditions.
3 and 4) Carte Ski, les Alpes Fransaises, 1:200,000,
1949, Call No. 49645, and Ski Suisse, 1:200,000, 1950, Call No.
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78481,, are similar, both showing ski lifts, chair lifts, funiculars,
and cog railways. Shelter facilities ranging from untended mountain
huts to hostels and isolated hotels are located. Road data include
gradient, dates for the period during which roads are snowbound,
and alternate rail routes available for shipping cars when the roads
are impassable.
5) Camping canoe, 1:1, 000, 000, 1952, Call No. 78794, shows
four classes of rivers ranging from "easy" to "impassable" for
small craft. Periods of average flow of rivers in different sections
of France and numerous camping areas are also indicated.
6) Grottes de France, 1:2, 500, 000, 1952-53, Call No. 78951,
locates most of the major caves. Several newly discovered caves,
however, are listed on the back of the map but are not located, and
minor caves are neither located nor listed. (RESTRICTED)
I. WATER DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN SPAIN
The critical importance of the water resources of Spain is
illustrated by a photostat set of four map sheets contained in Datos
?
Estadisticos Tecnicos de Capitacion y Distribucio'n de Agua en
Espana (Technical Statistical Tax Information and Water Distribution
in Spain), published by the Servicio Sindical de Estadistica (Statisti-
cal Syndicate Service) on 31 December 1950 (Call No. 78463). Two
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of the sheets are entitled Consumo de Agua por Provincias (Water
Consumption by Provinces), and the others Consumo de Agua por
Capitales (Water Consumption by Capitals). All four sheets show
that the areas between Madrid and the Biscay coast and around
Barcelona in the northeast are the heaviest water-consuming
regions in Spain. Smaller, but still heavy, demands for water
center in the irrigated sections (huertas) of Valencia, Alicante,
and the Guadalquivir Valley.
The sheets also show annual and daily water distribution and
consumption rates by inhabitant and by subscriber for both provinces
and provincial capitals. For purposes of comparison, national
averages are given in the legends. Consumo de Agua por Provincias,
Sheet 1, indicates that Madrid and Barcelona use much more water
than other provinces in Spain, the two consuming annually 84, 579,479
and 82,102,075 cubic meters, respectively. According to Sheet 2
of the same map, three provinces lead all others by a wide margin
in number of subscribers: Barcelona (195, 226), Valencia (135, 293),
and Vizcaya (82,849). Sheet 1 of Consumo de Agua por Capitales
reveals that Madrid A.nd Barcelona are the largest urban-area water
users, consuming 81,946,552 and 68,969,384 cubic meters, re-
spectively, in 1950. According to Sheet 2 of the map, industrial
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Barcelona and Valencia are the two Spanish cities having the most
subscribers to water, the former with 155,998 and the latter with
70,762. Madrid, in contrast, has a relatively small number of
subscribers, 32,951. The lesser economic importance of the city
and a consequently greater reliance upon public wells may be the
reason for this apparent discrepancy.
The only serious deficiency of the set is the representation of
distribution and consumption by administrative subdivisions, rather
than by the principal water-distribution and consumption areas. In
the case of provinces where water distribution and consumption are
heavy immediately beyond the limits of the capitals, this concentra-
tion is not evident. For example, in Valencia Province almost half
the subscribers reside in the area surrounding the capital.
(RESTRICTED)
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II. MIDDLE AND FAR EAST
A. ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES IN NORTH KOREA
A series of decrees promulgated on 22 December 1952 has
altered considerably the administrative structure of North Korea
at the subprovincial level. In early 1953 these decrees were im-
plemented and resulted in the following changes; (1) the approxi-
mately 800 myV,n (townships) have been abolished; (2) the number
of gun (counties) has been increased from 91 to approximately 165,
and the administrative center of each gun has been designated an up
(town); (3) the number of ri (villages) has been reduced from approxi-
mately 10,000 to about 3,700; and (4) some 41 nodongja ku or
"workers' districts" have been newly established. No maps have
as yet been received which show these alterations in the adminis-
trative pattern.
All of these administrative changes apparently are designed to
simplify and tighten control at the lower administrative levels. In
the words of Radio Pyongyang, the mytIn had been "obstructing the
quick transmission of guidance from higher levels to lower levels
and of opinions of the people to higher levels," and their abolition
combined with other administrative changes will bring "guidance of
higher level authorities closer to the lower levels." The reduction
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in the number of ri has been followed by a strengthening of the
ri peoples committees which implement the policies of the North
Korean regime. The newly established workers' districts are or-
ganized in villages of 400 or more in which mining, manufacturing,
or fishing is the major occupation and in which 65 percent of the
population are wage workers. These workers' districts may
eventually be placed under the jurisdiction of a national ministry,
which would mean closer control and possibly greater production.
The North Korean workers' districts are very similar in form to the
so-called workers' settlement (rabochiy poselok) of the USSR, where
their establishment has been associated with the opening of new
industrial plants or mines. (RESTRICTED)
B. AUTONOMOUS ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS IN COMMUNIST CHINA
Changes in the administrative pattern of Communist China have
been both numerous and rapid. An additional confusing element
has been the Communist proclivity to create, particularly since
1951, numerous so-called autonomous administrative units in areas
inhabited chiefly by ethnic and religious minority groups. On the
accompanying map, CIA 12667, many of these autonomous adminis-
trative units have been located, named, and classified, using as a
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ITS ".
base a map of the major administrative divisions of Communist
China.
The Chinese Communists have a policy of professed "equality"
toward the approximately 40,000,000 minority peoples of China and,
in many minority-inhabited areas, autonomous governments have been
organized or are in the process of organization. Although the areal
extent of the autonomous units is comparatively large, most units
are relatively sparsely populated. Altogether they include an esti-
mated 15,000,000 people. Autonomous areas are not inhabited
exclusively by minority peoples; most units contain a few Chinese
settlements, and in some types of autonomous units the Chinese com-
prise a sizeable proportion of the total population.
The so-called autonomous administrative units are in no way
independent of the central government; each is fitted closely within
and subordinated to the Chinese administrative system. The basic
Chinese administrative organization remains intact, with autonomous
units merely superimposed upon the existing administrative frame-
work. Unless a very detailed administrative map of China is
desired, there is little need to indicate the autonomous administra-
tive units at and below the chuan-ch'u or special district level.
Furthermore, information on the location, extent, and number of
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autonomous units is at best preliminary and provisional because of
the fragmentary and unverified nature of much of the administrative
data concerning Communist China.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), the largest
and one of the oldest autonomous units, is at an administrative
level perhaps comparable to the ta-hsing-cheng-chid or major
administrative areas. The status of Tibet is somewhat anomalous.
, Some Chinese sources have listed it as an autonomous unit, pre-
sumably at the IMAR level. Although Tibet was promised regional
autonomy at some unspecified date by the Sino-Tibetan accord of
1951, it appears that Tibet had not been granted regional autonomy
as of July 1953. Recent press releases from Communist China,
however, indicate that ethnically diverse Sinkiang Province may be
elevated to the status of an autonomous unit in the near future. On
the basis of size and population, the many autonomous units of lower
administrative rank are classified as special districts, hsien
(counties), or any one of a number of units at the sub-hsien level.
Reportedly, there area great many more autonomous units at sub-
hsien levels than are shown on map CIA 12667. (RESTRICTED)
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C. RECENT ATLASES OF INDIA
Since the separation of India and Pakistan, a number of atlases
of various types have been published by state and national agencies
of India. Six of these atlases, which have recently become available
in Washington, are reviewed in this article. Briefer mention is made
of two atlases currently being prepared for publication.
Atlas on Live-stock and Live-stock Products, Delhi, 1950
(Call No. aH306-1 .152 1950), consists of 31 black-and-white maps
at a scale of about 1:10,600,000, none of which have geographic grids.
Statistics from which the maps were compiled were obtained from
the 1945 agricultural census and are presented on a state basis for
all of India. Many of the maps have appeared in earlier publica-
tions of the Indian Ministry of Agriculture. In the atlas, however,
the maps are for the first time published in a single volume. As
the maps were compiled from relatively recent statistics and
printed by the Survey of India, they are the latest and most accurate
available maps on Indian livestock and livestock products.
The maps in the atlas are grouPed in four sections: population,
production, market and fair, and directional-movement maps. In
the first section, 9 dot maps indicate the distribution of oxen,
buffaloes, sheep, goats, and pigs. The distribution of bulls, cows,
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and young stock is shown for oxen and buffaloes. Small map in-
sets give the location of the centers of distribution areas for each
type of animals, and tabular insets show the number of each type
in the various Indian states. In the second section, 8 dot maps
show the distribution of production of livestock byproducts, fowl
eggs, and animal bones, with production by state and per capita
consumption in tabular and graphic insets. Markets and fairs for
various products are located on 7 maps in the third section. In the
last section the direction of movement of livestock and livestock by-
products from the producing to the consuming areas and shipping
ports is indicated, as well as roads and track routes traditionally
followed by traveling herds and flocks.
The Statistical Atlas of Bombay State (Provincial Part),
revised edition, Bombay, 1950 (Call No. aH306.5a .B6 1950),
contains 62 maps compiled on a district basis. (A second part,
entitled District Part, to be published in the near future, will use
the taluk, the basic revenue division, as the mapping base.) Most
of the maps are at a scale of about 1:4,000,000, are in black and
white, and-have no geographic grids. Statistics used in the com-
pilation of most of the maps were derived from 1943-45 studies and
censuses. For the demographic maps, however, figures used are
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from the 1941 census, which does not show recent population
changes. Although the many maps and detailed text make the atlas
a welcome addition to map holdings in Washington, its value is re-
duced somewhat because the maps are based on the state and in-
ternal boundaries prior to the mergers and integration of the former
Indian states and principalities. These changes have resulted in a
number of alterations in the boundaries of both the state and its
constituent districts.
The atlas is divided into 4 sections: geographical features,
agriculture, industrial development, and demographic and social
trends. Maps in the geographical-features section include adminis-
trative divisions, geology, relief and drainage, rainfall, soils,
vegetational zones, and geographical regions. In the section on
agriculture, 28 dot and pie-graph maps depict distribution of forests,
crops, water wells, and famine zones. The industrial-development
section consists of 6 maps, which show the distribution of industrial
labor, handlooms and powerlooms, gasoline consumption, electrical
supply, and membership in agricultural and nonagricultural coopera-
tives. In the last section, 1941 census figures are used to show
population density, distribution, rate of growth in each district since
1891, and the number of students attending various types of
educational institutions.
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Hyderabad in Maps, Hyderabad, 1953 (Call No. aH306.5d
.H91953), consists of 25 maps ata scale of about 1:2,900,000,
which are in color but without geographic grids. Information is
as of 1951 and 1952 and is presented on a district basis. The page
of supplementary text that accompanies each map includes statisti-
cal tables based on 1951-51 information and greatly enhances the
value of this atlas. On most of the maps, total figures by districts
are shown by symbol for topics such as crop acreage or number of
cattle. Since these totals are repeated in the accompanying text,
dot maps showing actual distribution within each district would have
been of more value to the user of the atlas.
The first map of the atlas is an administrative-divisions map
showing the boundaries of districts and taluks; the supplementary
text gives the population of each taluk as of 1951. Three additional
maps indicate the total population, urban and rural population, and
the population of principal towns, respectively. In the agricultural
section are maps of the 1951-52 acreage of important crops, the
location of irrigation and power projects in operation and proposed
under 5-year and 15-year plans, and the distribution of cattle.
Mining and industrial activity are represented by 6 maps that in-
dicate geological features of the state, the location of principal
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minerals, and industrial factors such as the number of factories,
employees, and industrial equipment in each district. Railways
and bus routes and the number of various types of vehicles in each
district are shown on two transportation maps. On the last 3 maps
the number of banks and cooperative societies, educational institu-
tions and students, and government hospitals, dispensaries, and
doctors for each district are given.
The Statistical Atlas of the Madras Province, revised edition,
Madras, 1949 (Call No. aH306.5e .M2 1949), is a massive reference
volume which is published by the Government of Madras. It con-
sists of about 1,000 pages of text, statistical tables, graphs, and
maps. Although maps are a minor feature of the atlas, 25 are in-
cluded -- one of the state as a whole, and one for each of the districts.
The former is at a scale of about 1:2,000,000, and the latter are at
about 1:380,160. All are in black and white and have geographic
grids. The features mapped include political boundaries, roads,
railways, rivers, canals, and spot-height elevations.
The atlas is valuable chiefly for the mass of official information
found in the text. For each district, detailed information and
statistics are given on political divisions, terrain, drainage, climate,
agricultural practices, population, and industries. In many
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instances, such information is given for each of the taluks within the
individual districts. It is regrettable that maps which would illustrate
the distribution of various subjects dealt with in the text have not
been compiled from the statistics found throughout the publication.
It should be noted that although the atlas was published in 1949, the
data are for the decenniurn ending 1940-41. Therefore, recent
changes in district areas or in place names are not indicated.
The Economic Atlas of Andhra Desa, Calcutta, 1949 (Call No.
21v:I.J/5 631.01.R1), contains 18 maps which show on a district
basis the distribution of the physical and cultural elements of the
Telegu-speaking area of the State of Madras, an area which will be
officially proclaimed a new state on 1 October 1953. Each of the
rather sketch black-and-white maps is at approximately 1:6,300,000
and is accompanied by a page of text. The maps are of poor carto-
graphic quality in comparison with those in the atlas on livestock.
Nevertheless, the atlas is useful as a single source for a variety of
information on the area which will .become India's twenty-eighth state.
The atlas includes a political map that shows districts and
talaks; it is?the only map in the volume that has a geographic grid.
Terrain, rainfall, mean annual temperatures (for several cities),
and soils and natural vegetation are represented on 4 maps. On
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another group, land use, irrigation facilities, acreage of main crops,
distribution of livestock, and deficit and surplus food areas are
mapped. Industrial and commercial aspects of the area are rep-
resented by maps giving the location of mineral deposits, industries,
railways and roads, and the chief export ports and the hinterland
zones from which export materials are drawn. Population distri-
bution is shown on a dot map, and two insets indicate density per
square mile and rate of increase during the period 1901-41. On
the final map in the atlas, land use is shown for the 8 districts of
the neighboring state of Hyderabad which form the Telugu-speaking
area known as Telangana.
The Plan For Development in Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 1950
(Call No. aH306,34f-1 .U7 1950), is an atlas containing 10 black-
and-white dot maps, which have no scales or geographic grids.
Information, shown on a district basis, was compiled from 1948-49
statistics. In spite of the sketchy character of the maps, this atlas
is valuable as a single source for various types of information on
Uttar Pradesh. Six of the maps express, in terms of percentages,
the relationship of the forested areas to the total area of each district,
of the irrigated. area to the total cultivated area, and of the
areas irrigated by canals, wells, tubT, wells, and other sources
to the total cultivated area. Another map gives the number of
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irrigation and power facilities in each district and the number of
each type proposed under the 15-year plan. The remaining maps
indicate the normal yield of wheat, rice, and sugarcane per acre
in each of the districts. Since most of the maps show relationships
in terms of percentages for each district, a generalized picture is
given, and the user cannot distinguish areas irrigated by canals
from those irrigated by wells.
Two other atlases are being prepared for publication in the
near future -- Indian Agricultural Atlas and An Album on Indian
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Research. The former, being
prepared by the Indian Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
will consist of several general maps on such factors as terrain,
climate, and political divisions, and 33 maps on various aspects of
agriculture. All the maps will be at a scale of 1:15,000,000. The
second atlas, being prepared by the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, will consist of 19 maps at various scales. Four will
show distribution of natural vegetation, soils, climatic zones, and
geological features. Fifteen maps will be agricultural maps covering
topics such as agricultural regions, crop distribution, and animal
husbandry. (RESTRICTED)
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