MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN MR -28

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000100210007-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 29, 1999
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: August 1, 1951
• Content Type: BULL

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_
lre1S1 .14;4410-
U. S. OFFICIALS ONLY
MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
MR - 28
August 1951
po(T, P4 I r-JC,
Tir
JC/SD c),
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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UNLY
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WARNING
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE
NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE
MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793 AND 794 OF THE
U. S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REV-
ELATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UN-
AUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
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MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
MR-28
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
August 1951
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Greek Railroads 1
II. Provisional Modifications in Pakistan Internal
Administration 6
III. New Administrative Map of Kazakh SSR 12
TV. World Forestry Atlas 15
V. Nigerian Special-Subject Maps and Town Plans 19
VI. Brief Notices 23
A. Vegetation Map of Indonesia 23
B. Railroad Map of South Africa 24
C. Transportation and Outline Maps of Ecuador 25
D. Canadian Geographical Publication 25
E. New Edition of the Italian Touring Club Atlas 26
MAPS
Following Pae
Greece: Railroads - 1951 (CIA 11968) 1
Pakistan: Administrative Divisions, 1950 (CIA 11981) 6
Railroad Map of South Africa (CIA 11799) 24
Ecuador: Transportation (CIA 11890) 25
This Bulletin has not been coordinated with the intelligence organi-
zations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy, and the
Air Force.
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I. GREEK RAILROADS
With the completion of the long-delayed reconstruction of the
Salonica-FlOrina line (see Map CIA 11968) and the resumption of inter-
national traffic between Greece and Yugoslavia (February 1951) and be-
tween Greece and Turkey (April 1951), Greek railroads have been restored
to practically their prewar status. In preparing (or using) maps of
Greek railroads, however, the following points should be noted:
1. The 1.00-meter line of the SPAP (Sidherdhromos Piraiefs-
Athi!nai-PelopOnnisos) from Athens to Divrion is operable but is not in
operation. The roadbed and right-of-way are currently maintained, and
rolling stock is kept available by the General Staff of the Greek Army
for emergency use. In case of damage to the port of Piraeus, this line
could be used as an alternative route to or an escape route from Athens.
The line was one of those used by the British in their evacuation from
Greece in 1941.
2. The Sarakli (Perivo14ki)-KEIto Stavrd's 0.60-meter line also is
operable but not in operation. It, too, is an alternative route and
possibly might be used as an approach to or exit from Salonica in case
the port were damaged or bottled up. The dilapidated condition and
limited carrying capacity of the line, however, preclude its being of
any great value.
Although so represented on many maps, this line does not enter and
never has entered the city of Salonica. In 1917 it was connected with
the Salonica-AlexandroUpolis line by a standard-gauge stub from Gallikdn
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(some 25 kilometers nDrth of Salonica) to Sarakl , but the stub was dis-
mantled after World War I. Some of the cartographic confusion may stem_
from the fact that just prior to World War II a roadbed (see 3, below),
including approaches bridges and viaducts, wab built between Salonica
and Totimba, a village 6 kilometers south of Sarakli'. The war intervened
before the bridges were erected or the tracks ani ties were laid.
3. For a long time, a standard-gauge line ;:n:3 been projected,
which -would connect Salonica witn Ts4yezi, the terminus of the Miriiii-
Tsgyezi stub of the Salonica-AlexandroUpolis line That was completed in
1940. In addition to the roadbed mentioned in the preceding paragraph,
the projected line would use the Sarakli'-Kgto Stav:7ds line (converted to
standard gauge) plus new construction in the short distance between Ksito
Stavrds and Ts4yezi. Although the Salonica-AlexandroUpolis line would
reduce the distance between Salonica and points cat of Mirfni by some
100 kilometers, there is no indication at present that it will ever be
completed.
I. Although maps of recent issue continue to show the Salonica and
Alexandrolipolis bypasses, both were torn up years before World War II.
They were originally tuilt to enable the railroads to function even
though the two ports were intenable or in enemy Lards. The roadbed of
the Polikastron-KalTndria bypass around Salonica is still intact but that
of the Potomdvs-Ferrai bypass aroind Alexandrolipalis has been completely
Obliterated.
5. Another line which is frequently shown on maps but which does
not exist is the old Bulgarian-ccnstructed railread from Kulata to
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11968
GREECE
RAILROADS 1951
STANDARD GAUGE
1.435 meters
(4, 8.5")
NARROW GAUGE
1.0 meter unless
otherwise indicated
Operating 1 1 1 1
Operable but
not operating
Under construction
Abandoned -1- -+- -1- -L-
-1- -I-
Projected
Privately owned 1-! I., II
Electric, privately
owned
1:1,978,000
0 25 50
i?i:
STATUTE MILES
0 25 50
1-I
KILOMETERS
fL.E5;77?;`/C TED
75
75
20
22
24
26
11968 CIA, 7-51
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Sidherdkastron. The roadbed is still in existence but for Obvious
strategic reasons the Greeks have removed rails, ties, and other equip-
ment.
6. The Amiindaion-KozElni-KalabAka line, or Veroia-Kozdni-Kalabakd'-
Ltirisa-VOlos (not shown on CIA 11968), its variation and extension, has
long been projected and probably will remain in the planning stage. On
the basis of two sections of preliminary roadbed -- one running north
from KalabElka for 40 kilometers and the other westward from Koztini for
32 kilometers -- this line is occasionally shown on maps as under con-
struction or even as constructed. Both sections however, were abandoned
in 1940. The first 16 kilometers of the roadbed north of Kalab4ka
actually were completed and are shown on official Greek maps as being of
standard gauge. Since this stretch has never carried any traffic and is
not likely to do so for many years to come, it is shown on the accompany-
ing map as abandoned.
7. The only Greek railroad under construction today is the
Amidndaion-Ptolemals line. This standard-gauge stub, 24 kilometers long,
is being built with assistance from the Economic Cooperation Administra-
tion and, other reports to the contrary, is only about 10 percent com-
plete. Although it follows the alignment of the projected AmAdaion-
KozAni-Kalab4ka line, it actually is not a part of that project but of a
postwar development for the exploitation of the lignite mines at
4
Ptolemais.
8. Other small lines which are dead but have not faded from some
recent maps are (a) Skijdhra-Apsalos-Orma, (b) Apsalos-Sostindra, and
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(c) Still_ others that are occasionally shown on maps
may exist and be operating, but they are invariably Decauvilles (60-cm
Lines) serving some industry, ustally mining. The:). should not be desig-
nated as railroads.
In addition to the above points, the following recent developments
in Greek railroading are of interest.
L. In. June 1950 the Greek Government placed an order in Belgium
Cor some 200,000 tons of steel ties and 80-pound rails. This material
lo to be used on 378 miles of thE SEK (Greek State Railroads) roadbed
between Athens and Alexandrolipolis to replace the worn ties and light
rails. Although 80-pound rails are light accordinp to American stand-
ards, it is estimated that they kill enable heavy Creek trains to main-
tain speeds of more than 60 miles per hour over conparatively level
portions of this route. With increased speed, the Greeks hope to cut
the running time from Salonica tc Alexandrollpolis by 3 hours.
2. The Franco-Hellenic Railroad between AlexandroUPolis and
Pithion on the Turkish border is also being repaLei and strengthened.
On the basis of such renovations the Greek GovernAent, the Thomas Cook.-
Wagon Lits organization, and other Western European interests hope to
.ceroute the Orient Express via Nig-Gevgelija-Salonica-AlexandroUpolis-
Pithion-Istanbul instead of continuing to use the present Nig-Dimitrovgrad
,.,aribrod)-Sofiya-Ploviiv-FAhion-Istunbul route. The increase in dis-
tance would be offset to some extent by the anticipated reduction in
running time between Salonica and AlexandroUPolis.
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3. Although passenger traffic between Greece and Turkey may increase
appreciably as a result of the recent reestablishment of international
connections, it is doubtful whether many passengers will travel by rail
between either Greece and Western Europe or, more particularly, between
Greece and Yugoslavia. The reasons are not hard to find. For example,
there are only three trains a week between Athens and Paris; the trip
takes 3 days and equipment is antiquated. Air passage, on the other
hand, takes 8 hours; it is cheaper than train travel; and several flights
are scheduled daily. Since no through tickets are issued for the Athens-
Belgrade run, a rail traveller on the 33-hour trip will encounter the
additional difficulty of rising at 12:47 a.m. at Gevgelija to purchase a
ticket to Belgrade with dinars (which he probably does not have).
Through passage is available on the recently reestablished 4-hour plane
flights between the two capitals.
4. Official maps of all Greek railroads, except the Franco-Hellenic
line, are now available in the CIA, Army Map Service, and Library of
Congress map libraries. The titles are as follows:
1. Northwestern Railways; 1:300,000; 5orth-Western Railway_7;
no date.
2. Attica and the Peloponnesus and Their Railways; 1:500,000;
"SPAT? Railways" (SidherOdhromos Peiraidfs-AthAai-PelopOnnisos), Way
and Works Division; no date.
3. fdreek State Railroads7; 1:500,000; SEK (SidherOdhromos
Ellinikods KrAtous), Direction of New Works; 1949.
4. Carte Generale des Chemins de Per de Thessalie; 1:200,000;
LThessalia Railways7; no date.
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IT. PROVISIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN PAKISTAN INTPRNAL ADMINISTRATION
For the past 4 years Pakistan has been in the process of slowly
modifying its internal administration and establihing a permanent con-
stitution. At the beginning of 1951 it appeared that another year, or
possibly two, might pass before the permanent constitution would be com-
pleted. Until the constitution comes into force, there will continue to
be a certain amount of confusion regarding the internal administration
of Pakistan, since almost all the modifications and reforms made thus
far have ended an the hote that the final status af areas involved will
be decided when the coastitution is written.
The present administration of Pakistan is based on the old British
system of control under which there are (1) areas that have a degree of
self-government1 and (2) slate and tribal areas that are administered by
the Ministry of States and Frontier Regions of the Central Government.
The accompanying map (CIA 11981) distinguishes the areas under these
basic types of administratiaa and reveals that the tribal areas, though
not officially a part of the provinces, lie within the limits of Punjab,
the North-West Frontier Province, and the Baluchistan Province.
The provinces of East Bengal, Sind, Punjab, and the North-West
Frontier Province have elected legislative assemblies and are administered
by Governors appointed by the Governor-General of Pakistan. The tribal
areas within the southwestern portion of Punjab and within the western
1. Shown as "province and other former British territory" on India and
Pakiw:an: 1950, First Revision, July 1950 (CIA 11)461).
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KEY
STATES
1. Amb*
2. Phulera*
DISTRICTS OR TRIBAL AREAS
3. Unnamed
4. Hazara
7. Mohmand
8. Khyber
9. Kurram
10. Kohat
11. Attock
12. Rawalpindi
13. Jhelum
14. Gujrit
15. Shahpur
16. Mianwali
17. Dera Ismgil Khan
18. Bannu
19. North Waziristan
20. South Wdziristan
21. Zhob
22. Quetta-Pishin
23. Quetta
24. Nushki
25. Chagai
26. Sarawan
27. Jhalawan
28. Kachhi
29. Bolan Pass
30. Sibi
3L Duki
32. Marri**
33. Unnamed**
34. Loralai
35. Biloch Trans-Frontier Tract
36. Dera Ghazi Khan
37. Muzaffargarh
38. Jhang-Maghiana
39. Lyallpur
40. Gujranwala
41. Sialkot
42. Shekhripura
43. Lahore
44. Montgomery
45. Multan
46. Bugti**
47. Unnamed**
48. Upper Sind Frontier
49. Sukkur
50. Larkina
51. Ddu
52. Nawabshih
53. Thar Parkar
54. Hyderabad
55. Karachi
56. Dinajpur
57. Rangpur
58. Rijshahi
59. Bogra
60. Pabna
61. Mymensingh
62. Sylhet
63. Tippera
64. Dacca
65. Faridpur
66. Kushtia
67. Jessore
68. Khulna
69. Balcarganj
70. Noakhali
71. Chittagong
72. Chittagong Hill Tracts
*The states of Amb and Phulera are under the
jurisdiction of the North-West Frontier Provin-
cial Ministry. The exact limits of the small state
of Phulera are unknown.
"The tribal areas southeast of Sibi, including
Main and Bugti, are controlled by Sibi.
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PROVISIONAL
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11981
U.S.S.R
0 300
Miles
68
U. Si S. R.
72
U. S. S. R.
? e'"
.f
\..
iNDEF,NaE :
CHINA
76
80
CHINA
AFGHANISTAN/
KABUL
J A MMU
/ A ..blier)
/i
,
_ n nagar
?KASHMIR
(STATUS IN DISPUTE)
.....
.?
?kdr?
36
Baluchistan Province, also termed the Chief
Commissioner's Province, does not have full
provincial status.
28
IRAN
"pr
INDIA
Rahalvalpur State, though having gained pro-
vincial status, is still under the Ministry of
States and Frontier Regions.
76
NEW DELHI
32
??-^
24
(TO OMAN)
ARABIA Ar
00-
S E A
Source for administrative boundaries:
MAP OF PAKISTAN SNOWING POLITICAL
DIVISIONS 1:3,r,58,000, Survey of Pakistan, 1950
64
68
88
92
.41M111.? ? 48?MN?
International boundary
Province or state boundary
District boundary
Approximate cease-fire line between
India and Pakistan forces
PAKISTAN
INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION-1951
0
(7. accompany "Provisional Modifications in Pakistan Internal
Administration ",n Map Research Bulletin, No. 28, 19.51.)
1:6,750,000
100 200
300 Miles
0
101 0
200 300 Kilometers
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National capital
Province or state capital
Provincial or self-governed area
State or tribal area under Ministry
of States and Frontier Regions
28
24
11981 CIA 8-51
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CIA Reproduction
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Baluchistan Province1 and the four acceded states of Kalat, Kharan,
Makran, and Las Bela are administered by a Chief Commissioner, who is the
Chief Commissioner of Baluchistan Province. He acts as an agent to the
Governor-General and resides in Quetta. In the administration of the
four acceded states and the tribal areas that lie within the limits of
Baluchistan Province, the Chief Commissioner acts for the Ministry of
States and Frontier Regions of the Central Government. The part of
Baluchistan Province that is shown as the "provincial or self-governed
area" on the map is, in fact, the "core area" of Baluchistan Province.
This core area is sometimes referred to as the "Chief Commissioner's
Province of Baluchistan," a term applied to the area by the British.
The use of the term "province" for Baluchistan in reality is in-
correct, since no portion of the area included in the Province has full
provincial status.2 At one time it was thought that the core area wpuld
acquire such status in 1950. Apparently some progress has been made
recently, since a report from Karachi on 10 May 1951 indicated that a
full report of the Baluchistan Reform Committee was expected by 26 May
1951. At the time the original report was made, a Committee spokesman
stated that "it was the earnest desire of the Pakistan Government to
1. This area may also be referred to as the "Chief Commissioner's
Province of Baluchistan" or as "Baluchistan." The use of the latter
term has proved confusing at times, and information may seem to apply to
the old over-all area of Baluchistan (which also. included the four
acceded states) rather than to the present area of Baluchistan Province
unless there is a breakdown which distinguishes the states.
2. The use of ''Baluchistan Province" is based on the official Survey
of Pakistan, Map of Pakistan Showing Political Divisions, 1:3,168,000,
first edition, Survey of Pakistan, 1950 (CIA Call No. 70974).
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and northern portions of the Norta-West Frontier Province are admin-
asterea through the Provincial Governors for the Ministry of States and
erontier Hegions of the Central Government.'
The Governor of tae North-West Frontier Province also serves as the
eat c: the Central Government in the administration and control of the
rustler states of Dir, Swat, and Chitral (formerly constituting the
akand Agency of the North-West Frontier Provirte). The states of
AA) and Cholera formerly were listed as "frontier states" along with
Dir, Swat, and Chitral and were administered in tee same manner. Last
rs,cr Amb and. Phulera (know/T cellecti-vely as Upper lahawal) were trans-
)red from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Eta tes and Frontier
keglons to that of the Provincial Ministry of the North-West Frontier
i or P. At the time of the transfer al authority over these states
provincial government, there were indicatiere that this action
woe not final and that the future position of Arab and Phulera would be
-ided with the adoption pf the permanent. constitution.
State Department fespatch No. p.), Karachi,
? State Department iespatcnes foe raL9, narachi
and No. 15,-9, Karachi, id drl 1951. The latter
tn- text a] the "North-West Frontier Province (UT
Ar-1) Laws Regulatipn. 191), puflished in the Na
ettp, of er-i February 19o_L. Tr ms regulation det
he two states and give.) a listing of iegislai
tLa' areas.
)171TP
sly 19)0.
ii October 1950,
has as an enclosure
per Tanawal Excluded
rthwest Frontier
'hes the boundaries
Lon to be applied to
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The status of Khairpur has remained practically unchanged since
1949, but Bahawalpur has made considerable progress toward self-government.
On 30 April 1951 a supplementary instrument of accession, which gives
Bahawalpur de facto provincial status, was signed by the ruler of the
state and was accepted by the Governor-General. Under this instrument
Bahawalpur is like the full provinces in that the Central Government has
the same right of legislation and administration over the state and that
the state legislature is able to pass laws in the same manner as the
legislatures of the full provinces. Unlike the full provinces, which
have Governors appointed by the Governor-General, the ruler of Bahawalpur
(and his descendants) must remain as the administrative head of the state.
Furthermore, the ruler is still responsible to the Ministry of States
and Frontier Regions.
It is interesting to note that when the Bahawalpur agreement was
reached, the Minister of State for States and Frontier Regions remarked
that "in view of the diverse nature of the nature of the states et
Pakistan the new agreement should not be taken as a pattern applicable
to all." He further indicated that "there was no proposal for merging
the State with the neighboring provinces.?1
In July 1949 the Pakistan Government decided to make Karachi the
national capital. The city and the area surrounding it were carved
from the Province of Sind to create a federal area roughly analogous
to the District of Columbia.
1. FBIS, Far East, I May 19')1, p. EHH-1.
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bring Baluchistan to the level of other provinces, with due regard to its
:3octa1, political, and economic conditions."' On 22 July 1951 the
Baluchistan Moslem League requested provincial status for Baluchistan.-
The core area of Baluchistan Province is now administered directly
by the Chief Commissioner, acting under the advice of the Baluchistan
Council. This council was established in June 1949 to "associate" the
people of the core ares with their administration. Ultimate control of
the area, however, lies in the hands of the Chief Commissioner and the
Governor-General, the Latter having the legal right to suspend or
dissolve the Council.
The states of Bahawalpur and Khairpur, formerly of the Punjab States
Agency, are among the more advanced states that acceded to Pakistan and
deal directly with the Central Government. Reforms in these two states
indicate the desire of the Central Government to forward self-government
and to prepare certain areas of Pakistan for inclusion in the federation
on a par with the provinces if it is feasible at the time of the signing
of the constitution. In 1949 both Bahawalpur and Khairpur advanced to
the point of electing legislative assemblies. The ultimate control of
the states, however, still lay in the hands of their respective rulers,
who were and still are responsible tc the Ministry of States and Frontier
Regions.
I. FBIS, Far East, 11 May 1951, p. HHH-3.
2. FBIS, Far East, 25 July 1951, p. HHH-1.
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Since the State of Jammu and Kashmir is still in dispute between
India and Pakistan, this article does not cover the administration of
any areas within its limits. Those areas of Jammu and Kashmir that are
administered by Pakistan were transferred from the Ministry of States
and Frontier Regions to the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs in 1950.
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III. I\EW ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF KAZAKH SSR
The large number of postwar boundary changes -at the rayon and oblast
Levels created a critical need for a new administrative map of the Kazakh
Republic. To meet the need., the Soviet Chief Administration of Geodesy
and Cartography (Glavroye Upravleniye Geodezii i Kartografii-- GUGK) in
1950 issued a new map entitled Politiko-Administrativnaya Karta Kazakh-
ska_SSL, 1:1,500,000 (CIA Call No. 72561). This: nap is of special
significance not only because of its excellent boundary portrayal but
also because of its exceptionally fine cartography. Although some
cultural detail has been omitted, the boundaries and physical data are
given in finer detail than on any corresponding map published in the
past. From a comparison of the 1950 Kazakh map iwith other maps of the
same area -- especially its predecessor, Kazakhstarskaya SSR Admini-
strativnaya Karta, 1:2,500,000, 19391 -- it is evient that the compi-
lation is based on a recent survey. The chief characteristics of the
map are described briefly in the following paragraphs.
Boundary Detail
The 1950 map gives more detailed and seeming13; more carefully drawn
boundaries than are given even or maps at considerably larger scale. Al-
though the rayon boundary symbol is very fine, it is clearly readable
because it is overlaid by a narrcw band of solid sclor. On earlier
ma-bs a broader and clumsier symbcl was used.
L. Other maps used for compariscn include several 1939-40 Oblast admini-
strative maps at 1:1,000,000 and recent maps shoving the Caspian and Aral
shorelines.
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Cultural Features
The omission of some cultural features is the major deficiency
the new map. Whereas earlier maps included six to eight population
categories for settlements, the 1950 map indicates only the administra-
tive significance of the populated place (administrative center, city of
republic or oblast subordination, etc.) or the general type of settle-
ment (urban-type, rural-type, etc.). The new map locates a significantly
larger number of places, except in the southwest, where fewer place
names are given than on earlier maps. Many of the places omitted are
settlements and camps of migratory peoples. Possibly the editors of
the recent map decided that such settlements were too temporary to be
plotted. A number of name changes and changes of spelling of place
names also appear on the map.
Other cultural data plotted on earlier maps but omitted from the
1950 map include the location of sovkhozs (state collective farms),
machine-tractor stations, meteorological stations, telephone-telegraph
stations, air routes, oil piplines, railroads under construction, and
some important railroad spur lines. On the other hand, outlines of
state forest reservations and principal areas of timber cutting are
shown only on the 1950 map.
Physical Features
In contrast to earlier administrative maps, base data and physical
features are a strong point of the 1950 map. Hydrographic details pre-
sented (including drainage, lakes, and all shorelines) have been greatly
refined in comparison with those on other available maps. The recent
RESIEICTED
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changes in the Caspian coastline seem to have been accurately plotted.
The new map is the most recent map showing in some detail the changes in
the east coast of the Aral Sea. Local relief is efectively shown by
shading, supplemented by symbols for barriers (such as scarps, cliffs,
or bluffs), swamps, salt marshes, and. sands. Actual forested areas are
outlined and even scattered forest stands are located.
Although the recent map of the Kazakh Republic contributes a great
deal of information, many of the features given cn earlier political-
administrative maps are not included. For administrative data and to
some extent terrain, the 1950 map supersedes ear ier maps, but in most
other respects it merely supplements them.
The Kazakh map is one of the very few postwar Soviet political-
administrative maps available that show rayon boundaries. Others are a
1946 map of the Georgian SSE at 1:500,000 and a 1950 map of Novosibirsk
Oblast at 1:600,000. All three maps were published by the GUGK.
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TV. WORLD FORESTRY ATLAS
The first four sheets of the Weltforstatlas (World Forestry Atlas)
were published in 1951 by the Zentralinstitut fur Forst- und Holzwirt-
schaft at HaMburg-Reinbek, Germany (CIA Map Library Call No. aA000-33
.113). Another installment of four maps has been printed and soon will be
available in this country. The printing of these eight sheets, prepared
under the supervision of Franz Heske, who is a well-known German author-
ity on forestry, and edited by Richard Torunsky, was financed by the
United States through the Economic Cooperation Administration. According
to plans, the atlas will include about 50 plates. As yet no arrangements
have been made for printing the remaining maps, but it is hoped by the
publishers that the sale of the first eight maps will help finance the
rest of the project and that further financial aid may be forthcoming
from some source such as the ECA. The first four sheets have been rather
widely distributed among Government agencies, and one of the sheets is to
be reproduced for inclusion in a report that will have even wider circu-
lation. In view of the significance attached to the maps and the possi-
bility of further Government subsidy, an evaluation of the project is in
order.
The current work represents the first known attempt to compile a
world atlas devoted exclusively to forestry. At present the best world
coverage is included in Forest Resources of the World, Zon and Sparhawk,
1923, which contains a number of small-scale maps showing forest types
and distribution in various parts of the world. In the new atlas, seven
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of the first eight sheets are devoted exclusively to forest distribution;
the eighth shows percentage of forest in Europe. The completed atlas, as
planned, will include maps of forest distributior.. percentage of forest in
various areas, wood importing and exporting countries, distribution by
kinds of ownership, forest types, forest ecology, forest and population,
and forest area per capita. Although the sheets already published are
open to criticism, the atlas as a whole could be a valuable contribution.
Of the four published eltforstatlas mans, three are at the scale
of 1:2,000,000 and shcw the general distribution of forests in Germany,
France, and Great Britain. The fourth sheet, which is at 1:10,000,000,
gives the distribution of vegetation in northernFlairasia according to
seven categories (1949 edition also available, CIA Map Library Call Na.
65147). Main titles and legends are in four languages: German, English,
French, and Spanish.
All four maps shcw generathed forest distribution in green. In
addition, the map of northern Eurasia shows (1) 'mountainous" tundra and
al-pine vegetation, (2) tundra, (=) forest-tundra ()4) unproductive forests,
haloxylon species of deserts and desertic stenes, and (6) other types of
country. an the 1:2,000,000 sheets, boundaries are shown around the main
country mapped; no boundaries are given on the northern Eurasia map.
In the compilaticn, a number of source maps at various large scales
were used, and the data were carefully adjusted to the scales chosen for
the atlas maps. This consolidation of source material is a contribution,
since it provides coverage for a large part of Western Europe at one scale.
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In techniques of presentation the atlas maps are similar to forest-
distribution maps of Germany published previously, such as Waldverbrei-
tung Deutschlands, 1:1,000,000, J. Neumann, Neudamm and Berlin, undated
(CIA Map Library Call No. 23605). For much of the world similar maps
are lacking. The Atlas de France, however, contains four maps (Plates
30-33) of the vegetation of France at 1:1,000,000 dated 1942 and 1945
that have the advantage of showing forest types as well as distribution
on a single sheet. Maps showing forest types are available for Great
Britain and the USSR, but there are no known maps showing only forest
distribution at scales comparable to those used in the Weltforstatlas.
Unfortunately, the first four atlas maps published are inadequate
or inaccurate in a number of ways. The forest-distribution data used
are in all probability about 20 years old. A description or at least
a list of sources used would have been helpful. Furthermore, the term
"forest" is neither defined nor interpreted uniformly on the maps. For
example, the extent of forests shown in the Pyrenees does not reflect
the differences in the density of cover between the French and Spanish
sides. The forest pattern shown in Andorra does not agree with Andorra,
Mantos de Vegetacion, 1:50,000 (CIA Map Library Call No. 61772), photo-
stated from the book by Salvador Llobet, El Medio y la Vida en Andorra,
Barcelona, 1947. The base information shown on the published maps is
also unsatisfactory and out of date. Apparently the bases used for The
three 1:2,000,000 maps were not coordinated, color-separation plates
were not carefully fitted together, and symbols for cities and towns
were not accurately located.
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The map of northern Eurasia is subject to specific criticism re-
oulting in part from the inclusion of the six catepiories of information
not shown an the other atlas maps. Three of the Ttegories -- (1) tundra,
(2) forest-tundra, and (3) haloxylon species of desert and desertic
oteppes -- cannot be correlated with available me erials. There is also
no way of knowing what is meant ty two of the other categories -- unpro-
ductive forests and other types of country. The areas of mountainous
tundra and alpine vegetation, however, agree almo,t exactly with the
veletation map of the USSR at 1:]5,000,000 in Bol'onoy Sovetskiy Atlas
Mira (Great Soviet Atlas of the %?Orld), Vol. 1, iEJ, Plate 121-122.
fnductive reasoning apparently wEs used in some c ses. For example, the
Lower limits of mountainous tundra and alpine vegetation appear to follow
iontours, and stream valleys are interpreted as Eapcorting forests. The
apparently detailed plotting of forests leaves an impression of precision
Lhat is highly improbable, especially in Siberia.
Whether the complete Weitforstatias as planr will ever be published
Ls open to question, chiefly for
the F.:..onomic Cooperation Administ
additional sheets covering forest
weden, and Finland, and ($) Tusq
(:cntage of forest in Europe.
financial reason
ration is guaraf
distribution
o. Financial aid from
eed only for the three
ir (I) Europe, (2) Norway,
ey and Greece, E.
Fox some parts of I
liffiulty will also be encounter
of forest distribution and relate
maps planned.
ed in obtaining
d information fc
R-STRICTIW
for the map of per-
E world outside Europe,
Large-scale source maps
r ase in compiling the
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V. NIGERIAN SPECIAL-SUBJECT MAPS AND TOWN PLANS
A group of maps recently received from Nigeria includes a set of
12 special-subject maps at 1:3,000,000, a health-facilities mnp at
1:2,000,000, and 17 town plans at 1:12,500, all of which were published
by the Survey Department of Nigeria. With the exception of one sheet,
the special-subject set at 1:3,000,000 was issued in 1949, and all of
the sheets are on subjects not hitherto covered by maps in Washington
collections. Together they give a good general picture of physical,
economic, and social conditions in Nigeria, and, being at the same
scale and of approximately the same date, the maps are readily com-
parable. In date, the town plans vary more widely. The plan for
Minna was published in 1940; the others are of postwar date, chiefly
1948 and 1949. For over half of the towns covered, no other plans
are available. Although the legends of the town plans are incomplete
or lacking, important features are clearly identified.
Because of their unusual value, the new special-subject maps
are described briefly, and the town plans are listed. CIA Map
Library call numbers are given for each.
(1) Physical (Call No. 72353) is a multicolored map indicating
relief by eight elevation categories ranging from below sea level
to over 12,000 feet, Spot heights are given in feet, and a small
number of physical features are named.
(2) Geological (Call No. 72356) is a fairly detailed, multi-
colored map on which the country is divided into nine geologic units
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based on age. The location of gold and tinstone areas is emphasized,
and occurrences of a number of other minerals are indicated.
(3) Rainfall (Call No. 72)55) shows the mci::an annual rainfall
inches, according to eight quantitative catego_ies ranging from
20 to more than 200 enches.
(4) Isothermal Chart (Call No. 72352) indcates clearly isotherms
far average maximum and average minimum temperaeues. No other
Inotherms are given.
( 5)
Provisional Map of Vegetation hones (CeLl No. 68686) dated
1047 fs a detailed multicolored map on which vegetation is divided
into three major zones -- forest, savanna, and 5estane. The forest
zone is further classified as mangrove forest and coastal vegetation,
fresh water swamps, :rain forests, and dry fores a. The savanna
Is divided into the Southern and Northern Guinea zones, the Bauchi
Plateau, and the Sudan and the 3ahel zones. The montane zone in
the southeast is too small for further subdivison.
(6) Agricultural Products (Call No. 61056) indicates by name
the kinds of crops grown in Nigeria and the areas in which each is
produced. A distinction is made between crops raised for local
consumption and for export.
(7) Forest and Game Reserves (Call No. 72.$5() distinguishes
between the two types of reserves and locates each reserve.
(8) Administrative and Ccmmunications Map (Call No. 72359)
nhows international and provincial boundaries and locates provincial
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and divisional headquarters. Principal towns and minor towns and villages
also are indicated on the base. Communications shown include railroads,
roads (classified as all-season and dry-season motor roads), and
fields.
(9) Domestic Trade (Call No. 61053) indicates clearly the items
and the direction of trade movement between different parts of the
country. Transit trade, mainly in palm oil, also is shown.
(10) Population (Call No. 72354), though based on the 1931
census, is the most recent available map showing density of population
in Nigeria. A general idea of relative population density and distri-
bution throughout the country is given by six gradations expressed in
terms of number of persons per square mile.
(11) Languages and Dialects (Call No. 61054) gives the distri-
bution of approximately 75 languages and dialects.
(12) Tribal (Call No. 61055) gives a general idea of the distri-
bution of the leading tribes of Nigeria.
(13) Nigeria, Showing Medical Facilities at 1:2,000,000 (Call
No. 48769) locates hospitals, mission hospitals, and dispensaries
in operation as of 1948. The information on the map agrees with
that found in other sources on Nigeria.
(14) List of town plans: Aba Township, Call No. 72379; Abeokuta,
Call No. 72369; Benin City, Call No. 72368; Calabar Township, Call
No. 72378; Enugu, Call No. 72366; Ibadan, Call No. 72365; Ilesha,
Call No. 72374; Ilorin, Call No. 72375; Jos, Call No. 72373; Kaduna
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Township, Call No. 72380; Kano qownship, Call No. 72377; Lagos, Call
No. 72360; Minna, Call No. 7237; Onitsha, Call flo. 72370; Port Harcourt,
Call No. 72371; Sapela, Call No. 72376; and Warn, Call No. 72367.
_ . .
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VT. BRI' NOTICES
A. VEGETATION MAP OF INDONESIA
specially prepared, hand-colored preprint of a new map entitled
Vegetation Map of Indonesia at the scale of 1:2,500,000 has recently
been received at the CIA Map Library (Call No. 73417). The map, which
was compiled by the Planning Department of the Forest Service of
indonesia in 1950 under the supervision of L.W. Hannibal, is an ex-
cellent piece of work and is exceptionally detailed for a map at so
small a scale.
The 24 classifications indicated on the map, either by color
Lint or by symbol, may be grouped under the following major categories:
(1) areas of cultivation, showing wet rice fields, dry fields, and
plantations; (2) grasslands, divided into grass (alang-alang) and
savannah; (3) extent of forest reservations, indicating teak and non-
teak forests; (4) general forest classifications, such as primary
rain forests, secondary forests, tidal forests, and mixed monsoon
forests other than teak; (5) specific vegetation types including
sago, sandalwood, ebony, ironwood, camphor, etc., all of which are
Indicated by symbols superimposed on the color tints.
An inset at the scale of 1:1,000,000 shows greater detail for
Java and Madura and is keyed to the same legend as the main map.
Three smaller-scale insets show the relative location of Indonesia,
Its area in comparison with the area of the United States, and popu-
lation density per square kilometer.
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VT. BRI' NOTICES
A. VEGETATION MAP OF INDONESIA
specially prepared, hand-colored preprint of a new map entitled
Vegetation Map of Indonesia at the scale of 1:2,500,000 has recently
been received at the CIA Map Library (Call No. 73417). The map, which
was compiled by the Planning Department of the Forest Service of
indonesia in 1950 under the supervision of L.W. Hannibal, is an ex-
cellent piece of work and is exceptionally detailed for a map at so
small a scale.
The 24 classifications indicated on the map, either by color
Lint or by symbol, may be grouped under the following major categories:
(1) areas of cultivation, showing wet rice fields, dry fields, and
plantations; (2) grasslands, divided into grass (alang-alang) and
savannah; (3) extent of forest reservations, indicating teak and non-
teak forests; (4) general forest classifications, such as primary
rain forests, secondary forests, tidal forests, and mixed monsoon
forests other than teak; (5) specific vegetation types including
sago, sandalwood, ebony, ironwood, camphor, etc., all of which are
Indicated by symbols superimposed on the color tints.
An inset at the scale of 1:1,000,000 shows greater detail for
Java and Madura and is keyed to the same legend as the main map.
Three smaller-scale insets show the relative location of Indonesia,
Its area in comparison with the area of the United States, and popu-
lation density per square kilometer.
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Two m?9rgina1 tables give prewar statistics on population, wooded
area, percentage of forest, area of forest reservations, and production
of timber, firewood, and charcoal. The first ccvers Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Moluccas, Now Guinea, and the Lesser Sunda Islands. The
second, covering Java and Madura, includes addi-Jonal information on
agriculture, teakwood productiaa reservations, ni primary forests.
Although the map was prepared from a number of more detailed pub-
lished studies of vegetation in Indonesia, it h-s the advantage of
uniform mapping at a single scale, which facilitates comparison between
regions. In its present form the map is clumsy, being approximately
4 by 7 feet in size. The final map, however, my be issued in
several sheets, or possibly at smaller scale.
B. RAILROAD MAP OF SOUTH AFRICA
The accompanying map, Railroads of South Africa, 1950 (CIA 11799),
ie the third of a series of four maps prepared by CIA on railroads of
Africa. The first two of these maps, Railroads cf North Africa, 1950:
French and Spanish Zones (CIA 11746) and Railroads of Egypt and Libya,
1950 (CIA 11747), were published in Map Research Bulletins 25 and 26,
respectively. The fourth map, Railroads of Tropical Africa, 1950
(CIA 11798), will appear in a subsequent issue of the Map Research
Bulletin.
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C. TRANSPORTATION AND OUTLINE MAPS OF ECUADOR
The accompanying map, Ecuador - Transportation (CIA 11890), was
prepared to meet the need for an up-to-date map showing the road and
railroad network of Ecuador. The information presented was derived
from an analysis and evaluation of maps, documents, and other official
source materials of various government offices.
The same map, printed without the transportation network, is
available for distribution as an outline map for plotting purposes
and replaces the map listed in Map Research Bulletin No. 18,
August 1950. Like other CIA outline maps on Latin America, the new
map of Ecuador (CIA 10696.1, Revised) shows drainage, international
and provincia boundaries, and provincia capitals.
D. CANADIAN GEOGRAPHICAL PUBLICATION
The Geographical Branch of the Canadian Department of Mines
and Technical Surveys has published the first issue of the Geographical
Bulletin, a new semiannual professional periodical. The purpose
of the bulletin is to present the program undertaken by the
Geographical Branch and the results of field studies and research
by its personnel.
The first issue contains one article on soil surveys in Canada
and special-subject studies on three small areas within Canada.
A section entitled "Geographical Notes" is of considerable Current
value and will probably be published regularly in subsequent bulletins.
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el-mded in this section are 14SeD Notes, which is an annotated list of
selected maps by Canadian mappin4 agencies, and
of recent government aublicatione of geographies_
[of description of each. The _fret issue and
freethcoming articles Indicate that -te-e emT)hasis
E. NEW EDITION OF THE ITALIAN TOURING CLUB ATLA
ok Notes, a list
riterest, with a
announcemere: or
ILI_ be on Canada
The 1951 edition of 11 Grarde Atlante Internazionale del Touring
Club Italiano better known as the 'Touring Club Atlas," has finally been
rceived in this country. Those who have long awaited a sixth edition
will be disappointed because the new volume is rezely an edizione interinaie
or interim edition. The Tcuring Club (ICI) t'ra u7 admis that the atlas
a stop-gap published at this time to Lake adi otage of the present
good market for an expensive "grand atlas," in wnich there is no compe=i-
tion from the GermanE (Stieler, Andree) or from ether Italians (De Agostini
of Novara). The new atlas now retails for $82.1'e,.)
The interim edition IE an :nferior product ,Alat is little more than
e second reprinting of the fifth edition, witb postwar international
uedariee and four new jaes piece names.
atter are ail in toe
Amer Italian East Lfrica No other correetioLe or changes have been
and, as a resu_L, td.e atlas is completely out of date.
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92
90
COLON
ands)
U890
2
La Tofa
San Lorenzo
achina
IC
I, San SalvadorLao 0
I. laIA Ce A
Santa Cruz 4,
El Huaca
La Concepc Angelo g
?San Gag:jell
Salinas chota
zn La Ron
Cayambd -/
Quininde
'----._-_--?,,
-...,
Santo Domigdo
de los Colrdos?
QUITO
Guem
UNDEA4ARCATED
Ca noa
Santa
0Rosa
San Vicente oRicaurte
Chone
Calceta
?Rocafuerte
frolontecristi portmie jo
an Lorenzo
Latacunga\
Quevedo
'Arn bate
Cayo odipijapa
Lopez
Rinses
Banos
Mera
0Puyo
Guaranda.
Guale`
013a ba
Elabahoyo
Cuamote
0Colonche
eg'
Yaguachl
Milagro
La Lib
Chunchi
Macas
Ag
Progreso
S scalg El Tambo
Canaro
Playas
L PUNS
chain
Santa Isabel.
Pasaje Rio ,
ualtaco Santa Rosa
enillas :" 17 -
- ,Saraguro0
Piedras oZarurna
?Portovelo
Girono
Zamora
V.
Gonzanamao
Macara tariamanga
81
11890 CIA, 8-51
ECUADOR
TRANSPORTATION
ROADS
Paved
All weather
Pan American Highway
Seasonal
NATIONALLY OWNED RAILROADS
Ferrocarril ealea-Chone
2. Femecarre Quito-San Lorenzo
a Ferrocarril Guayaquil-Quito
no Ferrocarril Sigambe-Cuenca
S. Ferrocarriles de El 010
a. Ramal Oriental
Ramal Austral
6. Forrocurril a la Cos.
RAILROADS
1.435 meter gauge
1.067 meter gauge
0.750 meter gauge
PRIVATELY OWNED RAILROADS
7. Anglo-Ecuadorian Oil Fields, Limited
Compiled from latest official U. S. and Ecuadorian sources.
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY * NATIONAL CAPITAL
- - PROVINCIA BOUNDARY a PROVINCIA CAPITAL
OTHER CITY
BASE Napa del Ecuador 1:1,000,000 by Francisco Sampedro V, 1950
Scale 1:1,590000
20 40 60 80 100
MILES
20 40 60 80 180
KILOMETERS
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The sixth edition is now scheduled to be published late in 1952. It
will have eight new plates, two-thirds of the old plates will be greatly
revised, and the other third will have minor revisions. With the appear-
ance of the sixth edition, the Touring Club Atlas probably will regain its
position as the world's leading grand atlas.
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