REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE US-USSR AGREEMENT ON COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING THE PERIOD DECEMBER 1973 TO DECEMBER 1974

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00798A000700090001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 12, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE US-USSR
AGREEMENT ON COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DURING THE PERIOD DECEMBER 1973 TO DECEMBER 1974
Adopted by the Third Annual Meeting of the
US-USSR Joint Committee on Cooperation in the
Field of Environmental Protection
(Moscow, USSR, December 9-3.2, 1974)
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INTRODUCTION
In accordance with the authority and procedures set forth in the.
May 1972 US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental
Protection, the Third Annual Meeting of the joint Committee which took
place in Moscow, USSR, December 9-12, 1974 reviewed the implementation
of the Agreement during the period December 1973-December 1974.
Environmental cooperation during the review period took place in
accordance with the programs contained in the Memorandum of the Second
Meeting of the Joint Committee signed in Washington, D. C. Novem-
ber 16, 1973. Some 38 projects were active within 11 major areas of
cooperation under the terms of the Agreement. The concrete results of this
cooperative effort during the review period are set forth below.
AREA I -- PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION
1. Air Pollution Modeling, Instrumentation and Measurement Methodol.oc
!Loj_g tI-l. Air Pollution Modeling
During the second meeting of the working group held in Leningrad in
June-July 1974 methodological questions of air pollution modeling were
discussed. Comparisons of US and Soviet methods of evaluating air
pollution from point sources as well as of data modeling and of US field
observations were initiated. Possibilities and methods of air pollution
prediction, the necessity for aerosol research in support of modeling,
and to a certain extent the hygiene aspects of standardization of air pollu-
tion were also discussed. Both sides obtained valuable information on new
work undertaken in each country including numerical simulation. The US
side provided information on wind tunnel modeling of air pollution.
A meeting of experts scheduled for November 1974 was postponed
until. January 197 5 .
The project leaders were Dr. H. L. Wiser Deputy Assistant Admin-
istrator for Environmental Sciences, EPA (USA) and Prof. M. E. Berlyand,
Chief, Atmospheric Pollution Section, Voeikov Main Geophysical Obser-
vatory, Leningrad (USSR).
Protect I-2 Iris trumenta Lion and Measurement Methcdolocly
During the June-July 1974 working group meeting in Leningrad,
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tests of automatic gas analyzers used in the USA and USSR for measuring
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. The basic technical characteristics
of instruments were compared and their effectiveness was evaluated.
These tests showed that the US and Soviet instruments which were examined
provide comparable data, that the calibration equipment gives coincident
values, and that interference.of most important impurities is insignificant.
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The project leaders were Dr. Wiser (USA) and Dr. A. S. Zaitsev,
Chief of s` r`urmi'entationta'boratory, Voeikov Main Geophysical Observa-
tory, Leningrad (USSR).
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were Dr. Wiser (USA) and Prof.
Berlyand (USSR).
2. Stationary Source Air Pollution Control TechnologLY_ 4-
The working group met in the USA April 1.3-26, 1974 and approved a
program which provided the basis for preparation of work plans for two
projects. The working group agreed upon. a procedure for coordinating the
activities of various topics and industry-oriented task forces in the frame-
work of-these projects. Because of the close relationship between projects
within the US-USSR Er?,7ir.onmenta-l and Energy Agreements, a procedure for
cooperation between respective US working groups. (Harrington and Falken-
berry) and Soviet working groups. (Anikeyev and Trubitsyn) was developed.
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were R. E. Harrington, Director, Air
Pollution Technology Division, EPA (USA) and V. A. Anikeyev, Chief En-
gineer, Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building (USSR).
Project 1-3 Development of Methods and Equipment for Control
of Emissions from Indristrial Sources
In August 1974 Soviet specialists visited US facilities and participated
in a conference on the design of full-scale sulfur oxide control systems.
In November 1974 US experts visited the USSR to continue discussions on
the design of full-scale facilities to be constructed in the USSR. Three
methods of desulfurization of electric power plant stack gases were dis-
cussed:
(a) Lime/Limestone Scrubbincl for. Stack Gas Desulfurization
Continued exchange of information between the USA and USSR was
agreed upon including the supply of performance data 'from the US Shawnee
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plant and reports covering Soviet installations including the Magnitogorsk
plant.
Topic leaders: M. A. Maxwell (USA) and V. A. Anikeyev (USSR).
(b) Development of Magnesium Scrubbing for Stack Gas Desulfurization
Under this topic US experts including members of private industry
began participating in discussions on the design of an industrial scale
Soviet desulfurization installation which will scrub approximately one mil-
lion normal cubic meters of stack gases per hour from an oil fired power
,plant. ? It was agreed that US specialists will participate in the start-up and
collection of performance data from this installation. In August and Novem-
ber 1974 meetings of US and Soviet experts were held for purposes of
developing and critiquing its design.
Topic leaders: M. A. Maxwell (USA) and V. I. Lazerev (USSR) .
(c) Development of Ammonia Scrubbing for Stack Gas Desulfurization
Based on mutual interests and expertise in the USA and USSR imple-
mentation began in this tropic under which.US experts began to participate in
the design of a full-scale ammonia scrubbing facility in the USSR. It was
agreed that in addition to providing consultation for the design of this
project, US experts will participate in the start-up and in the collection of
performance data.
Topic leaders: M. A. Maxwell (USA) and V. I. Lazerev (USSR).
In January 1974 US and. Soviet experts participated in a symposium in
the USA on the control of fine particulate emissions. This symposium, the
second meeting of the Working Group in April 1974, and an October 1974
project implementation meeting in the USSR facilitated rapid development
of three topics:
(i) Development of Methodology and Establishment of Efficiency of
Industrial Dust Collection Equipment for Fine Particulates
Work began on jointly assessing high efficiency wet scrubbers in-
stalled in both countries to collect harrriful emissions from metallurgical
ryprocesses, and modern electrostatic precipitators being used to collect
fly ash from power generation. Special attention is being given to their
effectiveness in collecting fine particulates under 2-3 microns in dia-
meter. The equipment being tested is representative of the best technology
available in the USA and USSR.
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Topic leaders: A. B. Craig (USA) and G. K. Lebedyuk (USSR) .
(ii) Study of Electrostatic Precipitators
Work began on the joint development of a performance model for
electrostatic precipitators. When completed, the work will improve the
ability to design reliable precipitators for control of power plant fly ash
emissions. The model development work was begun independently in the
USA but the Soviet side by virtue of its past experience is in a position to
generate performance data which is needed for further refinement. The
Soviet side has agreed to do experimental work during the first half of 1975
which is expected to yield information for development of a final version
of the model which will be available for use in both countries after comple-
tion.
Topic leaders: A. B. Craig
Anikeyev (USSR).
USA) and G. K. Lebedyuk and V. A.
(iii) Methodology for Determining Physical and Chemical Properties of
Aerosols
Work began on developing common methods for field testing of full-
scale dust collection equipment in the USA and USSR. Special attention
was devoted to sampling and analytical. methods needed for a fairly sophis-
ticated test program. It was concluded that the newest methods for sampling
and analysis are to be used for detailed examination of two full-scale plants
in each country. It is expected that this project will yield better under-
standing of control equipment and will result in further refinement of analyti-
cal skills.
Topic leaders: A. B. Craig (USA) and G. K. Lebedyuk (USSR).
Project I-4 Prevention of Air Pollution by Means of Improvi
Processes, Including Development of Methods of Fuel Preparation
Demetalization Pretreatment for Hydrodesulfurization of Heavy Residual
Oils to Produce Low Sulfur, Low Ash Fuel Oils
Discussion during the April 1974 Working Group meeting in the USA
and meetings in the USSR in October and December 1974 produced agreement
on comparing methods and sharing results obtained from past work in the
USA and USSR on processes for removing metals from residual fuel oils.
These processes directly reduce the environmental impact associated with
combustion of residual oils and also facilitate further processing to remove
sulfur compounds.
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A number of recommended new clean fuel tQpks were identified
including studies of new power cycles and development of improved fuel gas
cleaning systems.
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~--- opibs leaders: W. -Rhodes (USA) and Yu. K.- Vail (USSR).
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As a follow up to meetings between US specialists and representa-
tives of the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy in April and November 1974,
a program was developed in which a US iron and steel industry team will
conduct extended on-site evaluation of the Soviet-developed process of-
non-polluting dry quenching of coke to determine industry interest in
acquiring the process for US application. Exchanges of information prelim-
inary to the development of additional spheres of cooperation on air pollution
control in the iron and steel industry were initiated.
3. Transportation Source Air Pollution Control Technology_
Project 1-5 Transportation Source Air Pollution Control Technqjogy
In April 1974 a Soviet delegation headed by Dr. Y. B. Sviridov,
Director, Central Scientific Research and Design Institute of Fuel Systems,
Ministry of Tractor and Agricultural Machine Building, visited the EPA Mobile
Sources Pollution Control Laboratory, Ann Arbor; the Chrysler Motor Vehicle
Proving Grounds, Chelsea; the Ford Automobile Assembly Plant, Dearborn;
the General Motors Research Center, Warren; the University of Michigan
Automotive Research Laboratory; the State of California Clean Car Program,
Sacramento; the California Air Resources Board Emissions Control Labora-
tory, El Monte; and the California Transportation Planning Program, ' Los
Angeles.
During this visit the Soviet side gave presentations on: the status of
the USSR emissions control program;' the stratified charge of rotary engines;
fuel film evaporation as a means of gas turbine induction; prechamber com-
bustion engines; smoke emissions from diesel engines; optimization of
diesel fuel composition; and the 'selection of promising methodology for
measurement. of vehicle emissions.
The US side gave presentations on: the status of the US Federal
regulator program. on vehicle emissions; the US industry program for meeting
-'Federal emissions standards; organization of EPA's mobile sources pollution
control program;,,EPA activities in technology assessment and emissions
characterization, the Federal certification program; EPA's advanced alterna-
tive power systems development program; emissions measurement technology;
emissions control techniques Currently available for production of gasoline
engines; the effect of ambient conditions on emissions; emissions from
gaseous fu-6RbR~ls Z~/n~3/b3~:e~CitkRJh4t00~d~d~b1l"s
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turbine engine development; Rankine cycle engine development;. and EPA's
fuel economy measurement program.
Both sides recognized the need for expanded and accelerated activities
in (1) joint development of engine toxicity measurement methodology; (2)
development and demonstration of control technology for existing types of
power systems; (3) development of alternative methods of toxicity reduction
including stratified charge engines, rotary engines, advanced alternative
power systems, and alternative or modified fuels; and (4) reduction of.
toxicity from other transportation source's including aircraft, motorcycle,
and marine engines.
In December 1974 a meeting of US 'and Soviet technical experts was
held in Moscow during which proposals for further cooperation were agreed
upon.
The project leaders were E. O. Stork, Deputy Assistant Administrator
for Mobile Source Air Pollution Cont -, EPA, who replaced Dr. K. H.
Jones (USA) and Dr. Yu. N. Drozdov, Chief, Research Laboratory on
Engine Toxicity, who succeeded Dr. Eomin (USSR). )DO :T7
II -- PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION
The second session of the Working Group was held September 16-18,
1974, .in Chicago. After discussing the results achieved since its first
meeting in March 1973, the Working Group approved work programs for
(1) studies and modeling of river basin pollution; (2) protection and manage-
ment of water quality of lakes and estuaries; and. (3) effects of pollutants
and permissible levels of pollution in aquatic ecological systems. The
Working Group also agreed upon tentative terms and programs of reciprocal
visits in 1974-1976. Following the Working Group meeting the Soviet dele-
gation visited EPA research centers, laboratories, and facilities in Chicago;
Corvallis, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; Lake Tahoe, California; San Fran-
cisco, and Washington, D. C.; the group also visited Expo '74 in Spokane.
Both sides agreed that beginning in 1976 the Studies and Modeling of
River Basin Pollution project would be given new scope under the title "River
Basin Water Quality Planning and Management. "
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were Dr. J. Buckley, Deputy Assis-
tant Adminisj ator, Office of Research and Development, EPA (USA) and
B., G. Shtei3/a, Deputy Minister, Ministry for Reclamation and Water
Management. (USSR). ~o L
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Project 11-1 Studies and Modeling of River Basin Pollution
Cooperative measures for improving water quality planning were
developed, taking into account the technological advances and legal require-
ments of each country. Subsequently, a preliminary plan was developed
for constructing a river basin pollution abatement program which includes
analytical methods for analyzing current water quality, forecasting effluent
discharges, and optimizing water quality control plans and their economic
impact. On the basis of scientific and technical information provided by
the US side, in September 19'74 the Soviet side provided an English-Russian
glossary of terminology in the field of water conservation.
The project leaders were M. Pisano, Director Water Planning Divi-,_'_
sion, Office of Air and Water Programs, EPA (USA) and Dr. V. R. Lozanskiy,
Director, All-Union Scientific Research Institute on Water Protection,
Ministry for Reclamation and Water Management (USSR). D
Pro'ect IT-2 Protection and TJlanagement of Water Quality of Lakes
and Estuaries
A Soviet delegation headed by Dr. N. K. Gasilina, Head of the De-
partment of Investigation and Monitoring of Environmental Pollution, Main
Administration of the Hydrometeorological Service, visited the USA Septem-
ber 1-15, 1974. During the first week of a meeting held at the EPA Grosse
Ile Laboratory, US scientists presented reports with associated demon-
strations of equipment and techniques on: in situ monitors for basic
environmental parameters; sediment oxygen demand studies; algal assay
and modeling techniques; methodology for analysis of chemical parameters
in lake water; data handling procedures using EPA computer systems; near
shore hydraulic transport models for Lake Eric; transport models for Saginaw
Bay; technology for development of a heat budget for Lake Ontario; the circu-
lation of large lakes, particularly Lake Michigan; the research program of
the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife .for the Great Lakes; the nutrient-
eutrophication research conducted on the Great Lakes; simulation of algal
.productivity in Lake Michigan; EPA management and enforcement work on
the Great Lakes; research on waste treatment technology; analytical quality
control and biological and chemical, analysis method development; research
on criteria and standards development for drinking water in the USA; and
predictive simulation development fpr eutrophication of the Great Lakes.
The Soviet'delegation reviewed Soviet progress and technology in the
areas under discussion. A considerable exchange of literature on these
subjects was made by the experts of the two delegations and future exchanges
of scientific literature were agreed on. A technical field trip to Saginaw
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Bay was organized to demonstrate the US methods for collection of informa-
tion in the field. The Soviet specialists familiarized themselves with the
system and organization of collection and use of biological and chemical
data from the Great Lakes. Discussions and interchange of concepts,
approaches, and conclusions covered a wide range.
It was agreed that further exchange of information and an expansion
of joint research is essential. This will include continued intercomparisons
of existing analytical methods initiated in 1973 by the analysis of a water
sample collected from Lake Baikal by US and Soviet scientists, and ex-
panded intercomparison in 19.75 of water, as well as the chemistry of sedi-
ments based on samples collected from Lake Baikal and the Great Lakes.
Both sides agreed to review the respective standard methodologies
for the collection of hydrologic, chemical, and biologic data and to ex-
change standard literature and reviews. The Soviet side agreed to examine
the possibility of publishing translations of the EPA Standard Methods for
Chemical and Biological Analysis as a document of the Working Group on
Prevention of Water Pollution.
It was also agreed to interrelate activity in both counties in the develop-
ment of mathematical models aimed toward the assessment and management of
man's activity in agricultural, municipal, and industrial uses of the water
affecting large lakes. It was decided that in association with a larger sym-
posium sponsored by the Working Group on Prevention of Water Pollution
to be held in the USSR in 1975, a special group will assess the current
status of large lake models and develop a plan for future collaborative work
between the. two countries to accelerate the development of the models and
implement their use.
The project leaders were Dr. T. T. Davies, Director of EPA's Grosso
Ile Laba tort' and EPA's Large Lake Research Program (USA) and Dr. A. A.
Zenin, Director, Hydrochemical Institute of the Main Administration of the
Hydrometeorological Service (USSR).
Project II-3 Effects of Pollutants on Aguatic Ecosstems_~ar~d V
Allowable Levels of Pollution
During the past year the US side sent'the Soviet side abstracts of
1972 and 1973 literature on the effects of various substances on aquatic
life. This was done in preparation for a symposium on Methods of Estab-
lishing Maximum. Pollutant Concentrations for various substances in lakes
and rivers which was planned to be held in the USA in October 1974 but was
postponed until early 1975.
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The project leaders were Dr. D. Mount; Dirqe tor, EPA Water Quality
Laboratory, Duluth (USA) and Prof. N. V. Butorin, Institute of Biology of
Inland Waters, USSR Academy of Sciences, who succeeded Prof. Winberg
(USSR). L>a
Project 11-4 Prevention of Water Pollution from Industrial and
Municipal Sources
A US delegation visited the USSR December 1-22, 1973. The dele-
gation visited eight plants including an oil refinery, rayon plant, paper
mill, chemical complex, sausage plant, and a municipal treatment works.
The group also visited five design institutes.
At a meeting held in Chicago September 16-20, 1974, and in accor-
dance with the November 16, 1973, Memorandum of the Second Meeting of
the joint Committee, this subgroup of the Water Pollution Working Group
was restructured as a separate Working Group. A program was agreed upon
for cooperation in the following fields: recycling and reuse of waste water;
reduction of waste discharge and pollution resulting from technological
process changes; modernization of treatment facilities; development of
more efficient and effective waste treatment methods; and improvement of
waste water treatment systems for pulp and paper, chemical, petroleum.
refining, petrochemical, and metallurgical plants, as well as municipal
systems management.
Under the new Working Group, A Soviet delegation headed by. R. F.
Slavolyubov, Head off Science Programs, GOSSTROI, visited various waste
water treatment and recycling facilities of municipal and industrial plants
(including steel and petroleum refineries) in New York, Seattle, Lake Tahoe,
Los Angeles, Denver, Milwaukee, Baton Rouge, and Birmingham in October
1974.
In May 1974 a Soviet pulp and paper industry delegation led by
A. M. Pristupa, Chief Engineer,. Main Administration of the Ministry of
Pulp and Paper Industry, visited the USA. The Soviet team visited seven
pulp and paper mills, a consulting engineering firm specializing in waste
water treatment design, and the North Carolina State University Department
of Wood and Paper Science.
In September a Soviet chemical industry delegation led by K. K.
Cherednichenko, Deputy Minister of the Chemical Industry of the USSR,
visited the USA. The group visited five chemical industry plants, the
North River Waste Treatment Plant, and the Spokane Expo "7.4. 't'he dele-
gation also visited EPA headquarters, Washington, D. C. to familiarize
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itself with the direction and' guidelines which EPA furnishes US chemical
industries.
The project leaders were H. P. Cahill, Dir~ptor Municipal Con-
struction Division, EPA (USA) and S. V.'Yakovlev, Director, VODGEO,
GOSSTROI (USSR).
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were H. P. Cahill (USA) and B. G.
Shtepa, Deputy Minister for Reclamation and Water Management (USSR).
AREA III -- PREVENTION OF ] NVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONNECTED WITH
US Ck OA-4 aw 1~R ? c,.Z V)9J?214
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OT -X417'.
Project III-1 Integrated Pest Management U c a COU"01 a7heHr
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During 1974 specialists from both countries familiarized themselves
with the use of hormones and pheromones in integrated pest management.
Two Soviet specialists visited the USA to study this question in April 1974.
Three US teams totalling 9 specialists visited the USSR June-September, 1974,
to study means of minimizing crop losses due to pests with minimum effect
on the environment. Each team spent approximately 30 days visiting a wide
variety of pest management and research facilities. The team leaders wore
Dr. W. Arthur (CIBA--GEIGY Corporation - Integrated Pest Management),
Dr. C. Huffaker (University of California, Berkeley - Biological Control and
Use of Pesticides) and Dr. C. Ignoffo (USDA Agricultural Research Service --
Use of Microbiological Agents for Insect Control and Mass Rearing of Insect
Predators).
In October, 1974 an 8-member Soviet delegation led by Academician
Yu. N. Fadey.ev, Chief, P1anC Protection Division, All-Union Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, participated in a joint US-USSR Symposium on Fore-
casting of Pest Populations held at Michigan State University. Following
the symposium the Soviet delegation visited pest management facilities at
Purdue University; the U. S. Department of Agriculture Center, Beltsville,
Maryland; and facilities at College Station and Brownsville, Texas; where
they discussed problems of mutual interest with US scientists. During the
visit plans were made for exchanges of scientists, an agroecosystems work-
shop, exchanges of biological and chemical materials, and the establishment
of cooperative research trials.
The project leaders we Dr. B. G. Tweedy, CIBA-GEIGY Corporation
(USA) and Dr. I. A. Churayev, Head, Plant Protection Division, Ministry of
Agriculture (USSR).
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Project 111-2 Interreaction Between Forests, Plants and Pollutants
In.1974 the possibility of cooperation in this1d was discussed.
No definite measures were taken. Dr. R. G. KrebiJ.l, Forest Service,
U. S. Department of Agriculture was appointed as US leader of this new
profit . v ~rz. f b Z t Wlo L c A N o v, i4-J." x Sam mroe X4!1. LXS ~t y S VICH
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Prot TAI Effects of Chemicals used in griculture on Fauna
Dr. L. D' Veronova Chief, Department of Pesticides, Central
Laboratory for the Protection of Nature, Ministry of Agriculture, was in-
cluded in the Soviet team on the Protection of Ecosystems in Northern
Regions (Area V) which visited the USA September 8-22, 1974. Dr. Veron-
ova visited the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and other research 'cen-
ters .
A pesticide specialist, Dr. H. Ohlendorf, was included in the
October 6-21, 1974 visit to the 'USSR of a team under Area V of the Agree-
Late in 1974 Dr. L. Stickel, Director, Patuxent Wildlife Research
Center, department of~the Interior, Laurel,. Maryland and Dr. L. D.
were selected as US and Soviet leaders of this new projoc .
Project 111-4 Forms and. Mechanisms by which Pesticides and
Chemicals are Transported
Two Soviet specialists visited US research centers at Beltsville,
Maryland as well as Athens and Watkinsville, Georgia, November 24-
December 4, 1974. Joint discussions of research areas of mutual interest
were held and a program for future cooperation was adopted.
The project leaders wore Dr. D. W. Duttweiler, Director, EPA Southern Environmental Research Laboratory (USA)and Dr. S. G. Malakl ov,
Institute of Experimental Meteorology (USSR).
. Overall guidance for Area III on the US side was provided by
Dr. C. I. Harris, U. S. Department of Agri.cultutre, who succeeded Dr. F.
Tschirley .
AREA IV -- ENHANCEMENT OF TFIE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
The second meeting of the Working Group Was held in the USSR
November 18-December 1, 1973. Followi.ng three days of discussions in
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Moscow, the US delegation visited Leningrad, Togliatti, Tashkent, and
Samarkand.
The third meeting of the Working Group took place in the USA
November 8-22, 1974. Discussions on 1974 activities and the planning of
the 1975 program took place in Washington November 11-14, 1974, followed
by site visits in Charlottesville, Virginia; Boston; and New York. The two
sides agreed on a series of eight fields in which joint work will be under-
taken in 1975, including a joint document correlating individual and mass
transit systems, site selection criteria for now communities, technology
and research in solid waste management practices, and public policy
toward historic preservation.
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were M. H. Moskow, Assistant
Secretary for Policy Development and Research, Department of Housing
and Urban Development (USA) and A. O. Kudryavtse , Chief, Department
of Urban Planning, State Committee for Civil Construction and Architecture.
Within the framework of Area IV, there was cooperation in the fol-
lowing fields:
Project IV-1 Environment in Now Communities
A US team of new communities experts visited the USSR in July 1974
and toured Moscow, Leningrad,. Togliatti, Sochi, and Minsk. The team
discussed problems of new town planning with Soviet experts and ex-
changed information on methods of site selection, optimization of financial
resources, and scientific methods for planning. The Soviet side supplied
the visiting US specialists a summary concerned with planning and
building of new cities in the USSR.
. The visit of a Soviet team to the USA under this project, which had
been planned for the fall of 1974, was postponed until early 1975.
In accordance with the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the
Field of Housing and Other Construction, work on construction design
criteria and construction technology of new towns will in the future be carried
out within the framework of that Agreement.
Project IV-?2 Improvement of Environment with Regard to Places of
Historic Monuments
A US team of historic preservation experts visited the USSR in May-
June 1974 and toured Moscow, Vladimir, Suzdal, Leningrad, Yerevan, and
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Tbilisi. The team exchanged documents on the policy, procedures, techni-
ques and history of historic preservation efforts in each country and many
meetings were held with preservation officials in each city visited.
Project IV-3 Removal and Disposal of Solid Wastes in Urban Areas
In October a Soviet solid waste team visited Washington, D. C.;
Menlo Park, San Francisco and Los Angeles,,, California; Scottsdale, Arizona;
Chicago; and Madison, Wisconsin. Considerable information exchange re-
sulted on waste reduction, landfill, treatment of wastes, and related sub-
jects.? v s C..OR-1 z, S : Imo- RoKky o-RoV . nl. , i ~~c CII-t.?
nt of Environmen stf.na Cities (Urban
Project IV-4 Enhance m'
Transportation)
During the third meeting of the Working Group a joint project- was
outlined and dates were set for discussing questions related to imple-
menting?rational intermodal transportation. A'visit of Soviet transportation
experts in November was postponed at the request of the Soviet sidt;. Both
sides exchanged information by correspondence.
Since the above mentioned- projects were not fully formed during 1974,
project leaders were not designated by the So de The US side
designated the following project 16,aders: O. Sto.z, Admini ator, New
Communities Administration, HUD (Project IV-1), E. Cordially, Associate
Director, National Park Service (Project IV-2) , V. Gre Senior Staff Officer,
Office of Solid Waste Management, EPA (Project IV-3), and M. Con" Sser'
Director, Office of Environmental Affairs, Department of Transportation
(Project IV-4).
Apart from the above mentioned projects, there was also discussion
and exchange of information on the subjects of the Far North, noise abate-
ment, land use standards, recreation zones, and landfills.. The subject of
housing management and modernization was inactive.since it is to be carried
out within the framework of the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the
Field of Housing and other. Construction.
AREA V -- PROTECTION OF NATURE ANDJ"HE ORGANIZATION OF PRESERVES
The comprehensive work program initiated under this area was carried
out under the following projects:
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Project V-1 Protection of Rare and Endangered Species of Plants
and Animals and Non-Exploited Animals `
In October a US delegation visited the Voronezh, Caucausus,
Teberda, and Lake Ritsa State Preserves, the Moscow Main Botanical Gar-
dens, the Dendrarium at Sochi, and other areas. In November Soviet dele-
gates visited Everglades National Park, Biscayne National Monument,
Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center,
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, and other areas. During these recipro-
cal visits both sides became, acquainted with each other's protection of rare
species of flora and fauna and management of wildlife populations.
During discussions, the US side expressed the desire to conclude a
convention for the conservation of migratory birds and their habitat as well
as of endangered species of wild flora and fauna and their environments,
(The US side expressed continuing interest in including provisions for the
conservation of unique natural. ecosystems, but ihdicated a willingness to
defer consideration of that concept in order to, expedite agreements on the
other two concepts). Other topics identified for priority attention included
cooperative research on the wolf (Cards lupus); coordination in gathering,
storing and analysing data on bird migration; cooperative research on the
black-footed ferret '(Mus Lela nigripes) and Siberian polecat (Mus Lela
eversmanni); study of raptors; research on northern waterfowl; classifica-
tion of wetland habitats; cooperation in protecting endangered plant species
and introducing exotic species; and further development and exchange of
educational materials and public information.
In October-November 1974 a Soviet specialist, Dr. V. E. Yakobi,
participated in cooperative field work in the USA for banding northern swans
and other northern migratory -waterfowl..
The project leaders were E. Baysinger, U. S. Fish apd Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior (USA) and Dr. V. V. Krinitski Main Administra-
tion for Protection of Nature, USSR Ministry of Agriculture (USSR).
Project V-2 Protection of Northern Ecosystems
In August 1974 a US delegation visited Moscow, Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk,
Yakutsk, and Magadan and became acquainted with environmental problems
associated with pipelines, permafrost disturbances, mining activities,
forestry practices and fires, reindeer husbandry, and exploitation of wild-
life resources. A second US delegation visited Norilsk and Yakutsk for
familiarization with research and development of northern reindeer and
management of wild reindeer resources.
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Two Soviet delegations visited the USA in September 1974. The first
visited the Kenai Peninsula, Homer, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Kotzebue, the
Barrow Scientific Center, and McKinley. Park for familiarization with US
scientific organizations' work in protecting northern nature. The second
visited Nunivak Island and several other sites for detailed study of muskox
breeding in Alaska.
During these visits and related meetings, it was decided to organize
cooperative. work within two major topic areas:
(A) Structure, Function and Productive of Northern Ecosystems,
as Related to their Protection and Monitoring - studies of applied research
which seeks to obtain ecological knowledge needed for proper resource
management.
(B) Methods of Prevention, Mitigation and Restoration of Adverse
Disturbances in Northern Ecos stems -- studies concerning the environ-
mental impact of resource development technology and the means for mitigating
adverse effects.
Within these two areas ten topics for early implementation in 1975 and
four proposals for later implementation were agreed upon.
The project leaders were Dr. R. Skoog, U. S. ish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior (USA) and Dr. V. Deniscrv, Main Administration,
USSR Ministry of Agriculture (USSR).
Project V-3 Organization of Preserves
In terms of organizational programs, scientific direction, and exchange
of visits, the work undertaken in this area during 1974 was closely related
to that undertaken in Project V-1 .
The project leaders held extensive discussions in Paris in May, in the
USSR during October, and in the USA during November 1974. Those included
the question of future cooperation in the field of biosphere reserves, joint
publication of articles on preservation and conservation of nature, the
preparation of a bilingual glossary, exchange of information and persons
relating to citizen organizations, and expansion of educational and public
information aspects.
The project leaders wore Dr. T. Sudia, Nat' 'nal Park Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior (USA) and Dr. V. V. KririUsl4 `y (USSR).
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Project V-4 Utilization and Management of Economically Beneficial
Species of Wild Animals
No concrete measures were developed under this project in 1974.
Project V-S Marine Mammals
The second meeting of the Marine Mammals group was held in Washing-
ton, D. C. , December 2-12,, 1973. Information was, exchanged on con-
servation and harvest regulations as well as on catch statistics for grey
whales and other marine mammals. Proposals for conducting cooperative
research were discussed.
In June 1974, two US specialists, Dr. P. Fay and J. Burris, visited
Soviet museums and laboratories where seal and walrus studies are being
conducted or specimen materials are housed. They examined a substantial
amount of the available skeletal material at the University of Moscow
Museum and also at the Museum of the Academy of Sciences ih Leningrad.
One of these specialists also visited Lake Baikal Limnological Institute
of the USSR Academy of Sciences and received information on Baikal seals.
At the suggestion of the US side, the meeting of the Working Group
scheduled for the fall of 1974 was postponed to the spring of 1975 to allow
time for further development of long-range plans.
The project leaders were Dr. R. V. Miller, National Marine Fisheries
Service, Nation.a~j7ceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA) and
Dr. V. A. ZemsWiy, VNIRO (USSR).
Project V-6 Protection of Arid Ecosystems
In' the absence of concrete proposals from scientific organizations
and specialists on initiating work in this field, no discussions took place.
However both sides remain interested in the possibilij of cooperative re-
search in this area. 0 S - tt-Q _VZ1P.. W ""M4 1-2r p E"2c_ AXsoc
c~ sc 2 -Caib~! s rl~?,w~v~ A~4Nvc+2, V. or,. p, a ~T~ ~C~
j -t
The chairmen of Area V are E. U. Curtis Bohlen, Deputy Assistant
S
t
41
ecre
ary, U. S. Departrnent of thenterior (USA) and (with the exception of
Project V-5) Dr. B. M. Bogdanov, Chief, Main Conservation Administration,
USSR Ministry of Agriculture.
AREA VI -- PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
g
?~,~~
Pro 'eI .ct VI`"1 Prevention of Environmental Pollution Durinq Well
DriilY,r~9.,_ Produc Liori Pi cli
P~reasezt6!i8~rr[-1090001-1
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A Soviet delegation of eight specialists visited the USA during the
period May 19-June 2, 1974. Visiting Washington, D. C.; Houston,
New Orleans, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and San Francisco, the dele-
gation became acquainted with on-shore and off-shore petroleum facilities,
research laboratories and manufacturing plants; held technical discussions
and meetings with US counterparts; and received a variety of technical
literature. During this trip, meetings were held in Washington, D. C.,
New Orleans, and San Francisco. It was agreed that a US delegation would
visit the USSR in October 1.974 for technical discussions; this was postponed
at the request of the US side. It was also agreed that a Soviet delegation
would visit the US in May 1975 to attend the Offshore Technology Con-
once in Houston and to hold technical discussions in New Orleans. It
was further agreed that a US delegation would visit the USSR in August 1975
for either a visit to the pipeline in Siberia or a symposium on environmental
protection during oil transportation by pipelines.
It was decided that further cooperation in this project would be
carried out in the framework of the 1974 US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation
in the Field of Energy.
The project leaders were Dr. W. A. Radlinski., Associate Director,
U. S. Geological Survey (USA) and Dr. A. K. Karaye~l, Ministry of Oil
Industry (USSR).
Project VI-22 Prevention and Clean-Up of Oil Pollution of the Marine
Environment from Shipping
A meeting of US and Soviet specialists in the field of marine environ-
mental protection was held in the USA September 1-1.1, 1974. The Soviet
delegation toured a variety of pollution control facilities and joined with
the US side in a series of conferences to continue development of the
program'of cooperation in the control of marine pollution from shipping.
During the period of the visit the Soviet specialists became acquainted
with the US Coast Guard Training Center, Yorktown, Virginia, including the
Marine Environrent Protection School; the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) oil and hazardous materials simulated.environment test tank
(OHMSETT), Leonardo, New. Jersey; the Lockheed Corporation oil recovery
device under test in the simulated environment test tank; the EPA Water
Quality Laboratory, Edison, New Jersey, and tho work program of the
Laboratory; the Keene Marine Discharge Control System for the separation
of oil and water, a monitor for measuring the oil content of the discharge
and an automatic data recording device at the K,,,-one Corporation facility,
Cookeville, Te:nnes se.:; the Atlantic Strike Team (National Strike.Force)
responsible for liquidation of accidental marine spills at the Coast Guard
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Air Base, Elizabeth City; the air deliverable. anti-pollution transfer system
(ADAPTS) as well as a variety of pollution containment devices located at
the Elizabeth City Air Base. Technical papers were exchanged and dis-
cussions were held on topics including high seas oil recovery and con-
tainment devices, port reception facilities, technical operation of the
Soviet merchant marine fleet, airborne remote sensing systems, the air
deliverable anti-pollution transfer system, training and equipment for
emergency response to oil spills, and chemical dispersing and collecting
agents.
A meeting on Prevention and Clean-Up of Oil Pollution of the Marine
Environment from Shipping was held in the USSR from 30 November -
15 December 1974. The US delegation, headed by Capt. S. A. Wallace
(USCG) , toured a variety of Ministry of the Merchant Marine facilities
concerned with pollution control, and continued development of the.
cooperative program on control of marine pollution from shipping.
During the period of the visit, the US delegation became acquainted with
the oily waste reception and treatment facility at Batumi, the anti-.pollution
systems aboard various vessels of the Ministry of the Merchant Marine,
oil-water reception and treatment facility at Novorossiysk, the Merchant
Marine Control Research Institute at Leningrad, the ports of Sochi and
Suhkami, and met with officials from the Georgian, Black Sea, and
Latvian Shipping Companies. Technical papers were exchanged and
discussions held on such topics as oil content measurement, oil-water
separators, oil recovery devices, fast current recovery concepts, an oil
spill identification system, the USCG Chemical Hazard Response Infor-
mation System (CHRIS), shipboard sewage treatment, oil containment de-
vices and methods of evaluating the effectiveness of oil dispersants and
collecting agents.
Both sides determined that, in view of the satisfactory evolution of
project work and of the prospective coming into force of the 1973 Inter-
national Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, the project
should be broadened in the future to address the following matters:
(a) General technical requirements for ships pursuant to the 1973
Convention.
(b) Oil clean-up and emergency. salvage equipment for installation
on a special Soviet emergency-salvage vessel.
(c) Exchange of information on oil containment and recovery de-
vices as specified in the Minutes of Agreement dated September 11, 1974,
with ttltim itc ;xch nge of dcvl., es for purposes of evaluation.
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(d) Development of standard methods for prompt'identification of the
source of discharges. Recognizing the importance of item (d), the two sides
began discussions on this item in December 1974 and agreed to include it
In the program of future cooperation.
(e) Oil discharge monitoring and control systems, development of
oil content measuring instruments, procedures for discharge of light re-
fined oils, and standard analytical methods to determine instrument
accuracy, all in the context of Annex I to the 1973 Convention.
(f) Adequacy and maintenance of reception facilities for residues,
in the- context of Annexes I, 11, and IV of the 1973 Convention.
(g) Standards and test methods for sewage treatment plants on ships.
Cooperation on items (a), (b), and (c) began in 1974.
The two sides drew the following conclusions:
(a). The title of the project should be amended to reflect the broadened
character of the work to be undertaken; i. e. , deletion of reference to oil,
which would make the title read: "Prevention and Clean-up of Pollution of
the Marine Environment from Shipping. "
(b) Work should proceed with all possible speed on the development
of standard test procedures for evaluation of effectiveness of chemical
dispersants and surface collecting agents with the aim of completing this
task in 1975.
(c) Items (b), (c), and (d) in the paragraph above offer the best prospects
of significant progress in the near term. Therefore, they should be in-
cluded in the contemplated work program for 1975.
'(d) The results of all cooperation should he reported to the Inter-
governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) for further dis-
tribution, particularly in view of the broadened nature of the work to encom-
pass the provisions of the 1973 International Convention on Prevention of
Pollution from Ships.
(e) Item (a) in the paragraph above should be considered by both sides,
separately and jointly, to identify those tasks related to the 1973 Conven-
tion which can profitably be undertaken jointly. In such consideration, due
regard should be given the work program of the IMCO Marine Environment
Protection Committee.
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Project VI-3 Effects of Pollutants on Marine Organisms
The major goal for the year was the initiation of an exchange of distin-
guished lecturers. This exchange was very successful. Soviet and US
leaders in specific areas of marine research were able to give lectures,
hold discussions, and make institutional visits with their counterparts.
Three delegations of US lecturers visited the USSR in June (Moscow, Lenin-
grad, Sevastopol, and the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea), in Septem-
"ber (Moscow, Sevastopol, Leningrad, and Obninsk), and in October
(Moscow, the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms
at Puschino, the Zoological Institute at Leningrad, and the Institute of
Biology of Inland Waters at Borok City). Two groups of Soviet specialists
vi5i.ted the US, one in May (Washington, Narragansett, Woods Hole, and
Scripps Institute in La Jolla) and the other in August (Washington, Narra-
gansett, Woods Hole, National Marine Fisheries at Beaufort, N. C. , and
La Jolla). The US side provided their Soviet colleagues with pesticide
samples ,arid-PCB-extracting resins to use in simultaneous laboratory
studies . *
Prof. A. I. Simonov met with Dr. Schneider in Narragansett, Rhode
Island in July to discuss the project's programs and problems. Prof. Simonov
also visited Woods Hole and the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Some
progress was made on preparing joint publication of scientific articles.
joint publication will provide an effective means of communication between
the researchers of the two countries, and will be available to others as well.
as a contribution to the world-wide fight againstmarine pollution.
The prgject leaders were Dr. E. Schneider, Director,~Iational Marine
Water Quality Laboratory, EPA (USA) and Prof. A. I. Simon2S"v, Chief, De-
partment of Scientific Basis for Protection and Utilization of Marine En-
vironment, State Oceanographic Institute, Hydrometeorological Service
(USSR).
AREA VII --- BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
Project VII-1 Biological and Genetic Effects of Pollutants
Work began under each of the three fields:
Mutagenesis,: In February 1974 a delegation of eleven scientists headed
by Dr. F. J. do Serres, Chief, Environmental Mutagenesis Branch, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, participated in a symposium
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in Moscow on The Mutagenic Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Man,
following which the US delegation visited various institutes in both
Moscow and Kiev. The proceedings of this symposium are being pub-
lished in both Soviet arid US journals.
Extensive information exchange activities occurred during the past
year. The US side sent the Soviet side proceedings and reports of
meetings held in the USA and abroad. In addition, a wide range of reports
were sent to Soviet scientists by the Environmental Mutagen Information
Center (EMIC). Papers from ;various Soviet journals were also sent by
Soviet scientists to EMIC.
Following the February 1974 symposium in Moscow a ten-point
resolution to define additional areas of cooperation was signed by both
sides. A supplemental protocol on cooperation in the field of mutagenesis
was signed in June 1974.
Cooperative work in this field was conducted under the direction of
Dr. F. J. de Serres (USA) and Academician N. P. Dubinin, Director,
Institute of General Genetics, USSR Academy of Sciences (USSR).
Epidemiology: During the above mentioned June meeting in Moscow
it was agreed that the US side would summarize its experiences with
epidemiological studies of the health effects of sulfur oxides in the atmos-
phere and discuss these studies and results at a small working meeting to
be held in Moscow in December. 1974. This meeting was postponed at the
request of the Soviet side.
Cooperative work in this field was conducted under the direction of
Dr. J. H. Knelsond Director, Human Studies Laboratory, EPA (USA) and
Dr. E. I. Korenevskaya, A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal
Hygiene (USSR).
Heavy Metals: The US side provided the Soviet side with additional
information on current developments in heavy metals during 1974. In June it
was agreed to develop a joint research plan to study the health effects of
cadmium and zinc. Both sides subsequently exchanged proposed research
plans.
Cooperative work in this field was conducted under the direction of
Prof. R. R. Suskind, Director, Department of Environmental Health,
Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati (USA) and Academician N. P.
Dubinin as well as Prof, Sidorenko, Director, A. N. Sysin Institute of
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General and Communal Hygiene (USSR).
During June 1974 a US delegation led by Prof. . P. Ral , Director,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Depar ment of Health,
Education and Welfare, visited the USSR to review ongoing work and to
visit research institutes.
The project leaders were Prof. D. P. Rail and Dr. J. H. Knelson (USA)
and Academician N. P. Dubinii'l, Director, Institute of General Genetics,
USSR Academy of Sciences (USSR).
Project VII-2 Comprehensive Analysis of the Environment
The first joint Soviet-American Symposium on Comprehensive Analysis
of the Environment was held March 25-April 1, 1974 in Tbilisi, Georgia,
USSR. Papers were presented on maximum permissible environmental
loadings, stresses on organisms and ecosystems and their response,
methods of determining acceptable levels of control, and cost-effective
methods of control. It was agreed that the symposium papers would be
published by each side.
During the symposium the following main items were identified as
requiring investigation in the.near future:
(1) More complete accounting of pollution sources and receptors,
types of impacts and biological reactions, as well as peculiarities of the
area or region where such impact occurs;
(2) Investigation of dose/response relationships in toxicological,
genetic, and other experiments;
(3) Scientific substantiation of environmental monitoring techniques
with due consideration of critical links in analyzed systems;
(4) Studies of the fate and effects of multimedia pollutants, supple-
mented by development of the required standards;
(5) Assessment of the needs for separate standards limiting long-
and short-term dosages of selected environmental pollutants;
(6) Methods for evaluating the response of ecosystems to varying
d
environmental conditions;
(7) Development of criteria for scientifically permissible environ-
mental loading and identification of critical links;
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(8) Development of practical quantitative methods which will per-
mit comprehensive environmental analysis to be applied effectively to
environmental problems;
(9) Development of methodology for assessment of possible
economic damage resulting from man's impact on the environment; and
(10) Feasibility of a Joint US-USSR man}toring system.
The project leaders were Dr. R. Cortesi, Director, Washington
Environmental Research Center,",EPA, who succeeded Dr. L. Attaway (USA)
and Academician Yu. A. Izrae'F, Chief of Main Administration, Hydro-
meteorological Service (USSR).
AREA VIII -- INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON CLIMATE
The first session of the Working Group was held June 10-21, 1974
in Leningrad. It was agreed to initiate exchanges of scientists and in-
formation and to conduct cooperative experiments beginning in 1975 under
three projects whose reorganization the joint Committed subsequently
approved:
Project VIII-1 Effects of Changes in the Heat Balance of the
Atmosphere on Climate
The Working Group recommended that within the framework of this
project cooperation develop along the following scientific lines:
- Modeling of climate
- Assessment of past changes of the climate on the basis of analysis
of natural objects and data-
- Interactions of the atmosphere with the water and ice of the polar
regions as they affect climate
In May-June, 1974, Dr. S. M. Olenicoff, a US specialist on polar
research bibliography, visited the USSR and familiarized himself with
bibliography, scientific publications, and work in Soviet scientific
institutions related to research on the influence of polar regions on climate.
The project leaders were Dr. J. Smagorir'Isky, Director, Geophysical
Fluid Dynamic Laboratorv,~, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(USA) and M. 1. Budyko, Correspondent-Member of the USSR Academy of
Sciences (USSR).
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Project VIII-2 Effects of Pollution of the Atmosphere on Climate
In February 1974 a delegation of Soviet specialists participated in
the Fourth Annual American Conference on Results of Evaluation of the
Influence of Pollution in the High Level Atmosphere on Climate. In the
framework of this project scientific objectives of joint work are being
developed to determine the concentration of minor impurities in the atmos-
. phere which influence the climate.
The project leaders were~Dr. L. Machta, Air Resources Laboratory,
NOAA (USA) and Dr. I. L. Kar6l`, Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory,
Leningrad (USSR).
Project VIII-3 Influence of Solar Activity on Climate
In 1974 no specific measures were taken in the framework of this
project apart from scientific discussions and visits during the meeting of the
Working Group.
The project leaders were Prof. J. M. Wilcox, Institu c for Plasma
Research, Stanford University (USA) and Academician Mu. tel, Hydrometeoro-
logical Center, Moscow (USSR).
In connection with these three projects, US participants at the June
Working Group meeting visited institutions in Leningrad including A. A.
Zhdanov State University, the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, the
Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, and the Voeikov Main Geophysical
Observatory., as well as organizations of the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR including the Branch of Oceanology Institute, the Komarov Botanical
Institute, the All-Union Geological Institute, and the Institute of. Zoology.
In Moscow, visits were made to the Hydrometeorological Center, the
Geological Institute, as well as the' Oceanology Institute, the Institute of
Atmospheric Physics, the Computing Center, and the Geography Institute,
all of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The delegation also met with
a representative of the Ministry of Aviation Industry. Subgroups of the
American delegation also visited Soviet institutions and observatories in
Novosibirsk, the Crimea, Kiev, and the Northern Caucasus.
In all three projects scientists from both sides exchanged reprints
of recently published articles relating to the influence of environmental
changes on climate.
The Working Group Co-Chairmen were Dr. E. S. Epstein, Associate
Administrator for Environmental Monitoring and Prediction, NOAA, who
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succeeded Dr. W. N. Hess (USA) and Dr. E. P. Borisenko, Director, Voeikov
Main Geophysical Observatory, Leningrad (USSR).
AREA IX - - EARTH UAKE PREDICTION
1. Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
Cooperative work in this field was carried out under four projects:
Pro ect IX-1 Field Research on Earthquake Prediction
A network of eight seismic stations in the seismic area of Garm,
Tadjikistan, was established with the cooperation of Dr. R. L. Wesson and
R. M. Kaderabek of the U. S. Geological Survey during June-December'1974,
and has already made a great number of observations. Dr. P. Molnar,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)., worked jointly with Drs. V. I.
Khalturin and T. G. Rautian, Institute of Physics of the Earth during June
and July 1974 at Germ, to analyze spectral characteristics of earthquakes
In Central Asia and new prognostic criteria were obtained; using spectral
characteristics of nearby earthquakes. Two scientific reports describing
the joint activity of Drs. Molnar and Wesson with Soviet colleagues were
prepared. The first US-USSR joint paper written by Drs. P. Molnar and
J. A. Ruzaikin on characteristic features of Central Asian geology based on
seismographic data has been sent for publication.
Dr. 1. L. Nerse;;?`' and A. V. Nikolaev visited the USA, August -
November 1974. joint research was begun by Dr. Nikolayev of the Institute
of Physics of the Earth, USSR, and Dr. Aki of MIT on the inhomogeneity of.
the earth as related to seismicity.
The project leaders were Dr. J. P. Eaton, Chi/of Seismology Branch,
U. S. Geological Survey (USA) and Dr. I. L. Nersesov, Deputy Director,
Institute of Physics of the Earth, USSR Academy of Sciences (USSR).
Project IX--2 Laboratory and Theoretical Stu d of the Physics of the
Earthquake Source
Cam''
Drs. W. F. Brace, MIT, and J. H. Dieterich, U. S. Geological
Survey, worked with Soviet colleagues at the Institute of Physics of the
Earth in Moscow during May-June 1974.
After attending the Penrose Conference of the Geological Society of
America on fracture mechanics and earthquake source mechanisms,
Drs . V. I. MXPI;rb` J F iK0,61eage 1 /03ii~d131 E2~tP7?i 7~8~k6O@~7c~Q ~1 li-d
various TJS institutions. A joint paper "Physical Basis for Earthquake
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Prediction" has been sent for publication. In this paper an American model
and a Soviet model are compared. 'Joint laboratory investigations of
earthquake precursors as determined by (Vp/Vs) at shearing stresses were
conducted.
he project leaders were Dr. W. F. BraLe (USA) and Dr. V. I.
Mya'fchkin, Deputy Chief, 'Seismology Section, Institute of Physics of the
Earth (USSR).
Project IX-3 Mathematical and Computational Prediction of Locations
of Strong Earthquakes, Seismicity and Estimation of Seismic Risk
In January 1974 Drs. R. V. Whitman and A. Cornell, MIT, worked with
Soviet colleagues at several institutions in Moscow.
The US side provided scientific and technical information including
material on mathematical provisions of geophysical work, geological and
geophysical maps, surveys from artificial earth satellites and probability
data on seismological risk. These materials can be used for preparing
seismic zoning maps and for estimation of seismic risk. A joint scientific
e project leaders were Prof. L. Knop"aff, UCLA (USA) and Prof. V. T.
Keilis-Borok,__Institute of Physics of the Earth, USSR Academy of Sciences
(USSR).
paper has been prepared.
Project 1X--4 Engineering Seismological Studies
In September-November 1974 Soviet scientists S. Kh. Negmatullaev
and Dr. Aptikaev carried out two months of work with their US colleagues..
US specialists made several short familiarization visits to the Institute of
Seismically Stable Construction and Seismology of the Academy of Sciences,
Tadjik SSR. A plan for work in the Tadjik SSR in 1975 was prepared.
Engineering Branch, U. S. Geological Survey (USA) and S. Kh. Negmat fl.laev,
Director, Institute of Seismically Stable Construction and Seismology (USSR).
The WorkingGro~t~ Ca_-Chanrmen.._.erDr.....1Z~_.E..._-Wa.l.Ja_c_e,._.Cief .
Scientist, Office of Earthquake Studies, U. S. Geological Survey (USA) and
Academician Mikhail A. Sadovsk1, Director, Institute of Physics of the
Earth, USSR Academy of Sciences (USSR).
The project leaders were Dr. R. B. Matthie en, Chief, Seismic
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2. Tsunami Warning System
Project 1X-5 Tsunami Warning System Coordination
The first meeting of specialists to discuss the possible creation of a
joint US--USSR Tsunami Warning System took place in Washington, D. C.
in December 1974. A program for cooperative work in 1975 was developed.
The project leaders we're Dr. J. ThompMon, NOAA (USA) and S. L
Solovyev, Correspondent-Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (USSR).
AREA X -- ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC. ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Work related to arctic and subarctic regions continued through projects
under other areas of the 1973 Memorandum of Implementation. (See Areas II,
IV, V, and VII.)
AREA XI -- LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES FOR PROTECTING
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Project XI-1 Legal and Administrative Measures
In May 1974 the second meeting of US and Soviet specialists on legal
and administrative measures was held in Moscow. Special attention was
given to various aspects of the relationship between national and inter-
national environmental law.
Both sides agreed to'continue the exchange of information and litera-
ture in the legal and administrative fields; to exchange scholars for study
of legal and administrative aspects of environmental protection; to examine
the possibility of publishing in English- and Russian the papers presented
at the meeting and other papers on environmental subjects; to assist in
the publication of articles on the legal aspects of environmental protection
by US and Soviet authors in Soviet and US legal journals; to consult on
problems of international law in the field of environmental protection; and
to continue facilitating direct contacts between nongovernmental mass
membership organizations.
The US delegation also met with government officials and representa-
tives of nongovernmental organizations of the USSR, the Russian Soviet
Federative Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR, and
the Uzbek SSR. Visits wore also made to a number of other locations
Including Kiev, Baku, Tashkent, Samarkand, Vladimir, Suzdal, and the
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The project leaders were J. Busterud, Memof the Council on
Environmental Quality (USA)- and Dr. O. S. Kolbasov, Institute of State and
Law (USSR)'.
Project XI-2 Harmonization of Air and Water Pollution Standards
The objective of this project is mutually beneficial cooperation in
solving problems in the development and implementation of standards for
control of air and water pollution in both countries. Implicit in this is the
desirability of harmonizing the standards of the two countries to the extent
possible.
The first meeting of specialists was held in Washington, D. C. ,
July 29-August 11, 1974. Agreement was reached on a list of topics for
possible future cooperation, including the exchange of scientific and
technical papers and other information; exchange of visits by specialists;
joint symposia, joint research on topics developed in the course of co-
operation; joint testing of equipment, instruments, and materials at
sites in each country; joint development of harmonized pollution control
standards; and the development of compatible economic analysis methods for
use in attainment and justification of environmental protection standards.
The Soviet delegation visited the U. S. National Bureau of Standards
in Rockville, Maryland, and other US facilities concerned with the
standards compliances in Denver and Boulder, Colorado, as well as the
manufacture of equipment for such compliance in San Francisco, Palo Alto,
Sacramento, and Fullerton, California.
The second meeting of specialists took place in the USSR in Decem-
ber 1974 and adopted a joint work program. Meetings and site visits took
place in Moscow, Tallin, and Leningrad.
The project leaders were Dr. S. R. Galler, Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Environmental Affairs, Department of Commerce (USA) and B. V. Krutov,
Deputy Director, Technical Department, State Committee on Standards (USSR).
COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION
Secretariats and staffs have been established by the Co-Chairmen of
the joint Committee to coordinate the work of all organizations participating
in the program. In addition to coordinating and monitoring the activities of
cooperating organizations, they maintain contacts with the press of both
countries on general questions of environmental cooperation. They also
assist in arranging related visits of individuals and groups representing
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_29_
governmental, public., and private organizations which do not have a direct
part in the program and which have not been planned by the joint Com-
mittee.
Frequent contacts were maintained dur ri ''the past year between the
US Chairman and Coordinator Russell E. Train and the Soviet Chairman
Academician E. K. Fedorov and his Coordinator Academician Yu. A. Izrael_~
who became the Soviet Chairman and Coordinator during the second quarter.
A mid-year review of program implementation was held in Moscow in
May. In October Academician Izrael visited the USA to discuss with
Mr. Train the results of the work carried out during the past year, to re-
solve organizational matters, and to prepare plans for the third annual
meeting of the joint Committee.
Strengthening mutual overall cooperation and contacts among
specialists in various fields under the program, these meetings further
contributed to the practical implementation of projects and to the resolution
of questions which arose. Both sides agreed to continue holding ad hoc
meetings between the Chairmen or their representatives.
CONCLUSIONS
Both sides view the results of the first two years of cooperation
positively. A wide range of contacts between agencies and organizations
of both countries has developed. Reciprocal familiarization with work
programs and problms of both countries in designated areas of environmental.
cooperation, has deepened. Notwithstanding certain delays and postpone-
ments occasioned by organizational difficulties, a large volume of technical
Information has been exchanged and in some areas joint scientific and
technical work has started. The results have been mutually beneficial
and may prove useful for more successful resolution of environmental pro-
tection problems in other countries.
At the same ti.me,. both sides recognize the need to expand and deepen
specific forms of cooperation. Attainment of solutions to common environ-
mental problems should be further enhanced by jointly developing, ex-
changing, testing, and improving technological processes and equipment;
by increasing long--term working exchanges, of scientists and specialists;
and by holding symposia and exhibitions on specific subjects.
Both sides reaffirm the view that the existing framework of the En--
vironrnental. Agreement serves as a sound basis for expanded cooperation
and believ `R,Prvf 9I7~~. c 4~ /~ i~~4~- ~l~~ro~4~ ~ r4 Pi4 41hrbugh
intensifying work which has bean initiated by existing working groups and
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The Co-Chairmen of the Joint Committee di.'rcussed the question of the
organization of cooperation in the field of biospaiere reserves, provided for
in the US-USSR Communique of July 3, 1974. I~ was agreed that the
realization of this cooperation will. begin in 1975 and its program will be
approved during the Third Session of the Joint Committee.
Both sides discussed in a preliminary manner the program of US-USSP,
cooperation in the field of environmental protection in 1975. Considering
the broad extent of.cooperation achieved thus far, which reflects all basic
questions of environmental protection, both sides expressed their mutual
desire to devote their basic attention in 1975 to the realization of co-
operation along previously .agreed lines .
It was noted by Professor Yu. A. Izrael during the meeting that the
visits made by him a'hd-by members of his delegation to the National Re-
search Center of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency at Corvallis,
Oregon, to the Androv,,s Experimental Forest, and to the EPA National Field
Investigation-Center and Regional Headquarters at Denver, Colorado, were
highly useful from the viewpoint of a better understanding of the scientific
and administrative role of EPA in environmontal protection questions in the
USA.
The meeting of the Co--ChQirmcn and the detailed consultations on
questions of. US-USdSIR cooperation, which took. Mace in connection With
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_thts meeting, were held in a businesslike, congenial atmosphere and fac11i-
.stated' the strengthening of US-USSR relations.
Yu. A. Izrael
Chief of the Main Administration
of the Hydrometeorological Service
The Council of Ministers of the USSR
Russell E. Train
Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
USA
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mx~
STATINTL
o1
-,1
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JOINT ANNOUNCEMENT
The third meeting of the US-USSR Joint Committee on
Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection was
held in :Moscow from December 9 to 12, 1974.
The Joint Committee met'in an atmosphere of friend-
ship. and understanding of the importance of cooperation
in solving scientific and technical problems of environ-
mental protection and in improving relations between the
two countries.
In the US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field
of Environmental Protection signed in Moscow May 23, 1972
it is stated that "Tile Parties will develop cooperation in
the field of environmental protection on the basis of
equality, reciprocity, and mutual benefit"? and that "This
cooperation will be aimed at solving the most important
aspects of the problems of the environment and will be
devotee to working out measures to prevent pollution, to
study pollution and its effect on the environment, and to
develop the basis for controlling the impact of human
activities on nature."
The two sides agreed that the work carried out in 1974
under the Memorandum of Implementation signed in Washington,
D. C. on November 16, 1973, during, the second meeting of the
Joint Ccr:llittee has been very successful and beneficial
for both countries. They noted that during the period
December 1973 to December 1974 more than 60 joint activities
including meetings of working groups, project leaders, and
specialists had taken place and that considerable activity
had taken place under each of the eleven major areas of the
Agreement. A comprehensive Report of the past year's
activities was adopted. Taking into account the recommenda-
tions of working groups and project leaders, the Joint
Committee reviewed plans for each o, the specific projects
for the forthcoming year and adopted a new Memorandum of
Implementation setting forth comprehensive plans for 1975.
The two sides held a comprehensive discussion of general
problems of environmental protection of mutual interest to
their countries and to other countries interests--d in preserv-
ing a healthful global environment. They reaffirmed the.
statemeLt made in the Joint Announcement of the Joint Committee
in September 1972 that "the peoples and Governments of both
countries consider it highly important to ensure wise use
of natural resources and protection of nature under the
conditions of economic and technical progress. In this
endeavor they will cooperate with each other and with other
.Iltor to ccu!1tri.es so that tile, -Ir'itt.s of researcl,' can be
sli ii C:d ,1r;i the rl c.: use :.tl"il''ar l d o Protect irl` r l'.0 OJIVi;
onlh:ennt. 2,,oth sides expressed the hope that the mutual efforts
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agreed upon at this meeting will be of be.efit to other
countries as well."
Pursuant to the agreement set forth in the US-USSR
Communique of July 3, 1974 "to designate in the territories
of their respective countries certain natural areas as
biosphere reserves for protecting valuable plant and animal
genetic strains and acosystems concerned with global envir-
onmilental protection," the Joint Committee approved a new
project for cooperation on biosphere reserves for implementa-
tion in 1975. This project will contribute to the implemen-
tation of the "Man and the Biosphere" International Program
conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The Joint Committee recognized the advisability of
negotiations for preparing a Convention for the Protection
of r?iigratory Birds and their Habitats, as well as other
Wild Fauna and Flora.
Both sides noted with satisfaction the useful exchange
of opinions that took place in the first round of the US-USSR
talks on exploring possible measures for overcoming the dangers
of the use of environmental modification techniques for
military purposes.
During the. course of the Joint Committee meeting both
Chairmen were received by President N. V. Podgorny.
It was agreed that the next meeting of the Joint Committee
would be held in Washington, D. C. in the second half of
1975. In the meantime, the Chairmen on both sides will be
in continuing communication to ensure the successful fulfill-
ment of the program set forth in this Memorandum.
. Lists of the membership of the two delegations are
attached.
Dios cow
December 12, 1974
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DELEGATION LIST
US SIDE
Third Annual Meeting of the US-USSR
-Joint Committee on Cooperation in the Field
of Environmental Protection
Honorable Russell E. Train, Chairman, US Side
Administrator
Environmental Protection Agency
Dr. B. J. Steigerwald
Director
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Environmental Protection Agency
Dr. John L. Buckley
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Dr. Clare Harris
Deputy Administrator
Cooperative State Research Service
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Mr. Richard H. Broun
Acting Director
Office of Environmental Quality
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Mr. E. U. Curtis Bohlen
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish
and Wildlife and Parks
Department of the Interior
Captain S. A. Wallace
Chief, Marine Environmental Protection Division
U. S. Coast Guard
Dr. John H. Knelson
Director
Human Studies Laboratory
Environmental Protection Agency
Dr. Donald P. Martineau
Deputy Associate Administrator
for Marine Resources
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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.Dr. Robert Wallace
Grief
National Center for Lartliquane Research
U. S. Geological Survey
Mrs. Ruth Clusen
President
League of Women Voters of the United States
Dr. William A. Brown
Executive Secretary, US Side
US-USSR Environmental Agreement
Mr. David H. Strother
Office of International Activities
Environmental Protection Agency
Mr. John I. Ward
American Embassy, Moscow
DELEGATION LIST
USSR SIDE
Academician Yu. A. Izrael, Chairman, USSR Side
Chief
Main Administration of Hydrometeorological Service
B. G. Shtepa
Deputy Minister
USSR Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Management
Academician N. P. Dubinin
Director
Institute of General Genetics
USSR Academy of Sciences
Academician M. A. Sadovski.
Director.
Institute of Earth Physics
USSR Academy of Sciences
N. P. Bol-danov
Chief
Main Administration of Protection of Nature
USSR Ministry of Agriculture
A. 0. Kudryavtsev
Chief
Administration of. Town Building and Architecture
St~a`te (.cr:auit.tec Lor Civil Construction a:od Architecture
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'. ?"-C essc 0. S. Kol. asoy
r. _ -r c` Presidium, X11.-Russian Society for the
Pr-v--sei mien of Nature
~L.. `.3, .. Fecdoseev
i)epu j' C~~i f
US Lltvis _ n
USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs
;' . A.. An i, c e v
Engineer
y"ain Administration of Development and Design of
Gas Cleaning and Particulate Control Equipment
_inis=try of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building
V. Eh. Dubchak
f
echnica? Administration
USSR. Ministry of Merchant Marine Fleet
V. N. Vasiliev
".ss:istant. Chief
jiv:ision of International Scientific and Economic
0r;ganizations
USSR Committee of Science and Technology
A- Kuvshinnikov
-ouna-3~lor, Secretariat of the USSR Side
- S-UU SR Joint Committee on Cooperation in the Field of
Ens: ironmental Protection
.ain Administration of IIydrorneteorological Service
B. V. Krutov
iep4.ty Chief
Technical Department
state Coiuiiittee on Standardization
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