ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY AMERICAN EXPERTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130017-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 66
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 23, 1999
• Sequence Number: 17
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2000/09/11 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130017-1
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Approved For Release 2000/09/11 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130017-1
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i' FGLIi'IKT in Feassian, date nog in irate:1`5
docur,er.t issued by Joint Soviet-i'rnerican
;:roue on Collaboration in the Field of ccientifie roT.ic,y:
to ...'ucstions Submitted by American Sxrro:.'t: In the
ov :,-~;r,er` can ': orki n Group o: Coll aborat:io,l ., trio Field of
Gcie ,t.`'ic i'olicy" ,I
r:c;' .c?n I -- The Federal 1.o,le
1_'~i' .. ti iJ :'i .~ .1.1 ? '.;hat are the are-. resTt'onsi Cil.it'j" o ti:e E~r
.,f Sciences, the C.nraunist r'arty and other vatic :a:.
L . , - : ! , for.; ~_ i?a:tion of national technology policy?
loll translated into Russian, and then retranslated in;o
L'nr J What are the ~reas of responsibility of the , the
of Sc!-cnces U: SR, and other state agencies in the detcrIriin'.tion of
national scientific-technical policy?
Cvri Tess ...._
Ins.'oi ! The higher agencies of the the arty
the .:r'ay's i;::ritral Comm lttee -- determine the basic t ?E n,d: in the
of science and the most important questions of
t ion, trill ch arc implemented by agencies of state authority.
lac ~:LrectiO:i Of the development of science in the USSii is car=SEC 'J ::.
in r_E c+: ltr it ized., planned procedure by agencies of state authori t;
which unite. and guide the activities of
:icl nti f?le scientific- tcchnical in stitutitonr, and crC .nlzat'.en
' he _.'t vit cs of the highest agency of state authority
.i-21 tree fieyfi of scientific T-z)1'cy ...ri_... e:".]"':,... ...:~
n '.i... 1 ? i s _t ive in.rti.tut ion of the plans, for the Eie?, .:ioi,r: c.:.i _:f
rl;!ti.o!.a'_. ` conony of the USSR an. the state budgets of th J....i, of :lion
c rl.ens for the development and financing; of
1.': ?.~. i. - .. ?'C:.. i': :. :i
nar:.. The :./umre^e ';ovict iSSU'{ and its by
rc ....n, t.. .agencies of state administration, thus
r.r.ir.c i:Th -or the organization and administration of sci.er,ce,
.-App-roved-for- Release 200Ot09/11 : CIA-RDP79-00798A0005001
 Approved For Release 2000/09/11 : CIA-RDP79-007W000500130017r
U iT.. no t 1.1dI-Cati,ed Vl'.!,TY .',h VUll{C'a7
Ll ~1.`+Lf :C l)-:i.a~ji Jt H,~lY
I IAL~I aLI GhUt i"i t~.' C:r l.'l iii, L_?. ?'.,:....G_ ,
1' FULT L lsT in Russian, date no~.
Ltt~:. docur.enr issued by Joint OViet-ii erican
sci.entific 1 o7 :LO,'
Croup on Collaboration in the Field of
"iin`:'?:C~:" ~:% .~'ucst :LOWS hubimi.tted by American H,xrorts In the
ovCT.' C an ' urkin Group o" Collaboratio l .., he Fie d O
is l ollcy"
C. l; I -- The i'fderal hole
tl o. ' .l . l.. That are the 8.re a s C," responsibility 'J1
;' of hh,ciencec, t.hc C.-.t1:alinist tarty and other be-
_n t.. furTr : of national technolop_ policy?
translated into Russian, and then retr.rsl:jted in~o
_h 'What are the i rea , of responcibility of the the .lcn; ",:,y
of (; .( :1CE S UCSh, and othe ' state agencies in the doterr:in'.ttio, of
national scientific-technical pollcy?
ins.:oi: I Ih } igh r agencies of the Gfb'J -- the arty cs?r .ress :i
T'ty' Iltr Comm'_'taee -- elete,:milne the b,-:,sic In mho
e ,'?~~,~i,! E of of science and the most important questions ca 1::-:: cr.
io"i b:i'li e,-1 are iinolemented by agencies of state authhority.
~iru~Ct 1:?:i Of the QCVC,lO :-:;ilEa"lt of SC 1Ci1C2 in the t,J S:::i c;12 -E: C..
in :a ci:Lr?"7 i zed, l armed procedure by agencies of state aut -sort L
tale %1dsin1 irat On, which unite. and guide the activitic:"
CIEi?lr. I i LC el E?Ilti i.C- tcchY11C ]l 1nstituti'toils and c ; :"11.:_'.!":t * J:'
Thc t. '/it of i:io C11F C1E >t agency of state aut horii. -- _ n _
,,O'f 1 et of i.:. i in tG@` field of
n .,t... 1 J. of th PLc,.J-Is for the
'CCU?.,-rly oE' the UGbA and the state buc?_etc o
li .t.:[l.`. for the (ovelopoent and financing of
T;.'.... The h ,)Ovii't 'U.JGR and it.. i'res.liui'il, "y ,. .!. ,f.' _nns
of state administration, thus
rr_i.l:c _cl fur the organization and adir1nistra.tion of sc:i_enc;e.
Approved For Release 2000/09/11 : CIA-RD-P79-00798
 Approved For Release 2000/09/11 : CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130017-1
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;q_lnr 1 o:i., tile. Union
c;ounr i.l of
Ye ] p'.; :tC'r COi'li t]..^.: 7.011S of the
Council of the Union
;t commis:--.ion:; or +,;:e
1 ia.~lG13:Ll.lt:i.3S:
I;CJii`:C11 Of
6. educra:ti_on, :3cience,
tiff cuIL-un
bud et,a.ry-planning
l'e;i.(a lUii C ri a.
~i1fJ ..U 11.1 -2
.,.
.'OV.iet
9. Council of ;. in i cters L .._i
10. E; oncies of the ...tat _
authority in the
carry out ctivtL:ic.:.
field of ci:.n.-ti:i_o '-o=_c
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 Approved For Relea&000/09/11: CIA-RDP79-00798100500130017-1
on :1i.lt.lOn.'2.1 CdUCaai.:iC)i?, ..:.Ci(ii'?C'.?, r,.)7'-i
cul or;')(,(] U1'1('''Cr the houses Of ,,lh?-)rcm ~J'?,'L?_' t oP i,'?,"i
to Cou)"1C ii. of the til;'LO]"l ..n(1 the Council Of
i:C1?:nlan(:nt Ceeni draft ot;tt;..
plopct:ii:.ls for submequunt consideration by the .Nuoreme soviet; l.ii oy"
?)rOVI(d.e their fie?(11i~t4`,S on questions submitted for
cam'' on t; he preliminary ::turfy of the appropriate sections o Lhr; dtmt0
I-']-:-,.n for the Development of the National economy of thu UL1dh a n c fta.tc Lu et o P t:he USh:it, a.nd. of amendments to the; ; carry ou ;ilY'C',r :risi.oz
CP i.he activities of a6-on _cn of state administration in the appropri T,
f t 1_C~ , ]rdd. can rcqu.:C`.re then to submit docu ents, report other materl:_.is, and to provide explanations :`'1om then" Cl?1.recLor . Y?@
Cor :.L S: IO::S enjoy the rl(;ha Of legislative initia.tiv ; Ca.n .`;"t''''
tiona to the ;overnment and introduce to the :1p_uropriate :house or to
Uhe 1- rt:i,;id i.u)fl of the ;>Ll~):Ceme .soviet USLN recommendations COnce :il n? ie
Of leo;isl.atlve bills and. other questions cc nit ion-;"ri:'_ lr?1:c)rt .:.ce
to 1 :cusmion by the entire people, as well as concerning the i.'uo].:ic iOn
- u i
of i:..nc] other le~,isl.ativn . proposals fo_ (iiscu;sion by , }- r:hulic.
1'im: C~Uilill'l:.SJ.Uns~ rc:comI11C)1CJ il:t l_l:ns a .re :,u jO:_,t to mandatory"
all the state aencies.
The overall gui Glance of the scientif. ic-technical activity in the country Ic-.
C-'o.rried out by the government of the USSR -- the Council of
-- which, as the highest agency of state administration, t~i':es - ,eps to
ev-,
~ ?. x:10,1, science and tPchnoloy and to ,o introduce li. tl.OTlc.l. 'economy; unites and guides the work and C_Bte ;.I non the
C^.: .1 t::Y:' j
cf the r:.i.nis,tries and other dO;nartments in this area; establishes toe
?;?r( i;( dLirC' for rive] o?''?Bent and app.-coves the basic trends in tlx: development
science and technology, the state. five-yea.r plans for sci.est^1.C-r' >CCL2'Ch
C,!E'Cts, and the u s e O:~ the achievements Of science and technolor_ y .1:h
n,i,t ional. economy as a, part of the state fi.ye-year plans for the development of
the national economy of the USSR, the state annual plans for the use, in i-an
economy; of. the new, most important types of output, technological ;..;- c1
and automated. systems of control which are of importance to the entire
"']all_ for the f].nancing of scientific-research T.'rLC:IcCtS end
traini.n, 7i itifa.C perconne_l. as a part of -;,he state annual_ plans for :,:I;-:
Cie'!?:,:-0?Y)r`llt of the national economy of the USSR. The govi:rrliimes' Gest l`':` t -7)1.,
of copyright a.i10 inventor l(a.4?;, thre training of scientific perso-me' , the
of labo.-L, amci other questions involved in the organizi3a.i.r,,1 and
administration of science.
The fgove.r'nment, when carrying out the direction of roe (1GVC].O'i;IGe it Of
science and tedonology, directly relies both upon the system of
specialized irltcrbra.nch agencies of control -- the State Con:nittec on
Science and Technology (GliNT), of the Council of f:ini ;tern Unftd; the
State Committee 'on Construction Affairs (".os stro r
of tiini.stern USSR; the ;'tote Committee on Inventions and i~'_ CO`.'C;n us of
the Council of inist@':rs USSR; the State Committee on Cit ,i1C1],: C; , Iour:CiL
Of , fi11istc.rr. US`S R; and the til.t';her Attestmai011 CUi1i,^.is __U1?, (i:tt C'il(' l t:') :.!1.,.
Council_ Of r;a_nl Lugs U SR In this group of a.g,enci(e. IL i.s )C'Cy tU
include the Academy of Sciences USSR and the Nir:istry of iigher and
Secondary Special Education USSIR, since their cofcrctcnc, in tne? field
carrying out funda aental ,mad, a.p?n].ied research and. the training of sCiem' ific
personnel is of an interbranch nature.
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;t.atc Comm:1.ttee on Sc-)CYIce and Tcchnolo:;y (Cti.iT), of Lnr` Counci.1
Oi.,12"l7.StC.':Y'~ l.'~.,:..., lC'? 2i.Ii 9,7.1-U11'lUn a,-817Cy `:]r,t assures, in ;,D1--10:L'tJ_t,?i:'i.,1
Party and. Government directives, the carryin, out Of a 1121:1 . orn state
ithe . f .i.eld Of Clent?:I.f i C-techr i Cai progress and the use of the ac_i i e'.'ervent:3
Of science ann tecoilolomy in the national economy. `The otate Committee on
Science and. Technology dovclops proposals for the basic trends to be folio:;,:
in the develotoicnt of science and technology in the country; scientific-mechnica7
forecasts On the rot i.ln[:oCtant problems of the national economy; approves,
procedure, for the develorreont of branch-Level scientific-technical - ores
the -, v ;-, '
and overall requirements for draft plans for enterprises,. ~,acn:i.n.or y
_,; ,
and equipment. . .
LI. Ge apparently o;~;itted.. Typewritten pages are unnumbered, One Via,7r
ends with }.C C 7_llnln of word "equity ment ; Next p8. e be ins with end.
Y ord "LCOiiinit Iles?. ' J
committee also are subject questions of sci 7-' (:..t]21 1
Cnt1:~ J.
information and the coordination of international scient.f'ic-technical lints.
Irnr;or,aiit tasks that are of great importance for the development of the
Country's national eco-nomy are resolved' by the State Committee on Comatroc .lO?
Affair::,, of the Council of ''inisters U:i'SP, which answer` to the Government
for the develot.mient of science, the increasin, in the effectiveness o"f
cclentifto .:research, and the development of the most irroort~;,nt, come "C! :1:
:inn'L.f i.,-'tHCon cal l':CCLions in the fief(' Of con t UC'tl0_t a.li(i
t;l ? coon' I n 'C?:1 on Of ciao 1tlf :1.C reserrCtl o 'cc-Ls boi , G out v 3c-,
C1 ;:.?711.Z i_CY] and l] i'1C:C educational institutions ]'.n thc
a116!. r.rc :i.i ecture, supeh Vision over the intro action Of 'the CIlleifee Yl'~ O:!.
science, technology, and advanced experience in the process Of planning and
construction.
Critical tasks that are of great importance for the development of science
rand. technclogy are resolved by the State Committee on Inven-t ions and
of the Council of 'r:iniste:rs It (, ca.rrles Jut. toe oy:1r:1l
d 1.L-c- ctioni of the devo'io,,,- lent of invention and. the
LL1j:;hovel"dill ugge lion ,
trip; introduction of invouLions and discoveries into the national economy;
ti.UDC Y'Vise tie activities of ministries and departments in thit?OVe'' by the 'Ouncil of :':Misters UCLIR -- Sta~.u'te Gov
:7 i1 J.ih(
L 1 ^.O'JE:rl(:'. , Inventions, and Improvement Suggestions -- and Dy
(^c)';%e: '11 `L Y1. compensation For them.
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; c
p.. y~ oct,3.t:',
techn rc:rLed by ti-:e
li ..? , O, t:, :C+u ":( i_1. of ,:.inistern i) u?. (osstiln;i;
;,r-orLo.nt is i :rte
th' 0i, aiii at ion of w;;rk to ex,._ .te
u. -eveic)i:_n,; sta~c ,,t~ ird n- and their coi_Y- lt;.on;
Ll!:=; r'Ci: on of a;lt.roduct:iol'. and ob_ervance Oi :,tai'fdalC: ; and 'n...I.
d 1.roction of tie of standardization in the branch &~;encies.
fac ii her Attestation C; mrn:i. sior., attached to the Council G`' ;ii.ni l,ter;
t; i;, i ar,rrove., the dccdsi. bns of the Lear cd. Councils cone(: rli:,,:, the
:a:l.rci:i.n;s of learned de rees and learned titles.
Uth'er central tnterbranch agencies of state adminiatro,Ll in in Clu;t
within ti;e confines of the lr competency, ,
either jointly or in coo ina';1O::
!dit}i special agencies of administration of science, regulate i :divi ua
--re ortant of the development of science. and the activities of
the scientific institu't7_ons and organizations,
gives ausi Chlsent:, for t
of t: 1e ''"" - ; t of f),,~., c..~,_ _
the c?ev~l:orr:~,~ ...
ie 1 ':atonal. economy; plans the introduction o
sClenti.( c:-technical acin:i_evemn-Ls; participates in the develop-rent of
-'o1' the tra:i.nin.r of personnel; considers nro :o als concrning
overall volumes of capital investments for the development of''scienc ;
etc. ; ~G_ ritly with thiei'iini` try of Finance T',Li {, detoriC11"1C C'? the volumes
of _ inanci10.' of scientific projects an,3, , tO ether w, :i Goss;iat, -L)'
;,
considers ern, osa1.s concerning the material-technical supp rt of scior-
tit'ic, institutio?. ,
t`le tr_ttC omin].1;tee on Labor and Council of ..J_nist-emirs t >t"
r! he :111. Union Cent.r_11. Council of Trade U ?
dons, (UcSti:il : of th; ;r, p? ,
a.n:l conditions of the labor performed by scientific workers are eoordiinated.
All the I r evi.ously mentioned agencies of administration -- both the
sc*,entif:i c one,;, and the general-eeonorn ic It
erbralich ones --
v i tll .C'c pect to the qucot ons that are included in t:oci.r CC%',fw'` !liC i,.
1.:_'sue dcor%.ies, O:Yders, instruction ,uides,
;?;h .oh ];.and for all min t dena.rt
rC iltGry r 1S Y' ies, .,Hunt; enLeLi
O r ;L' is _, ?;, ...nc
'1'h(: 11:i.f;lest scientific institution in the fir `'' ,which i't~ ' -?
+: ~~it, units ~ a~ :~;:.?~,..~..
not prom J. 11: 11t ._:;1'c 1t1.Si in the --
country rle ilcacic..,. o.!' c
i.cnc c
iircctly sl_1bo7.di-ne:te to the Council of
ar di lion to the guidance of its scientific institution::, the Acid my :r''
cc:icnceU U LR is a country-ti-,ride center for the develormcrrt o' cictific
policy in he field Of the natural and social sciences, It C:'tl"Tito Oi;t
-? 1: overall scienti ic 'rulldr7.nce of research Croj('cts on the i1;UC?t illlt',).Z't::'d;
problems of those scie?1C2 ,h ich are ca:rrycc out In. a-1.1 sclk
c -
~cfi
institutions of higher learningr; ,ic1':i: -
~O ?..;(-'ll 7. I7 1'F::3C%3.?"'G7 projects; plans and coord.1n-; Lei: them
,
(1"f)C`re.ti.l1'r entities a.cte(.n' E'd: to the Presildium and ci
> ra:rtu,en?s .of thr;
Academy are scientific councils on the most important problems and trends
in the natural and social. sciences,
00/
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 Approved For ReleasqP000/09/11: CIA-RDP79-007980500130017-1
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r,for; ni, rr:;l nc1. o. race, unions or iini;te:c'.a UN ii
j, Gosnn b F.
lr, GO: :.Lan UA:~i3
!:. uosstroy USSR
`:hate Committee on Labor and v;E4gr-s
yinistr??y of Finance 17S
9. State, committees, ministries, and departments of the USSR,
by branches of the national economy and industry
10. Councils of I'C".i_nisters of the union republics
1.1. Academy of ociences USSR
12. State Committee on Inventions and Discoveris, Council cf'
A nip-tern Ui. AB
1'. State Committee on Standards, council of i'inisters
Nl.nistr~r of H Secondary ;,,,octal Education
:'.l~ h('i' anc, St
14.
15. higher Attestation Commission, attached to Council of
i iinisters USSR
Agencies of state administration ;d'hich F
res onsible for the formation and :impl_emcntn
of scientific policy
Agencies of state administration 'which (nartic to
in the determination of the volumes of financial
and material-technical resources for the carrying
out of scientific-research experimental-desi n i,~_o c,
and the allocation of those resources
Agencies of state administration that; influence
the formation of scientific policy in t,ze. cc.",::tr r
Agencies of state administration and social
organimations whose decisions, directly or
indirectly, influence the conditions of paymernt
and work for employees in scientific-research
ins tituti_ons
The i r"ediun 0.17 the Academy of ,Sciences USSSLR, jointly with the Councils
of :'iriisLer:= of the union republics, coordinates the scien,ifi.c act-ivities
of the republic-level academies of sciences. Operating as an entity
attached to the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences USsR is the Co'n;:c_.I
for the CoorcIlAnation of the Cork Performed by tin Academiicr:; of.' Science:
of the Union republics.
The uni"o'"-republic Nin.istry of Higher and :Secondary peci l Ad.ucat
US SL{ i,l ays the main role in the guidance of the training v.n;-i
development of sciellti.f iC personnel. The of ; f i g h e r an ;~::conch:1
~peci al Cation USSR, as a rule, through the ? :2.oa lati'> :]f.:l:_?,C'til'.G-(it`.
of the union republics or Directly, ad"1iili t ':rs L-I-ie majorI.ty of 1
higher educational institutions in the counta~?y and the scientific i:o:,,:
i
being performed in them, except for those ins.itutioiis of:
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.i[1i);:?Ci :''-,....i. 01 cr: ;C1.a1.iv. .Lion make's it 1:-OOS l.:
le to ills l_u ; L;;
nr: Ju r O:1 of bra rich t :Lr1:L tries (such
rlcuJ.i: ,r.~1-,
:-ojct, i 7r,
1'tur )., cerLair others j.
BCb;tiOBILIQ ?IOCTOfTIIIIII'~ I(O-
~1 LaICCIIII Ler;cor-
CoeT Horo C~~
COU3II0C
Con-0d peC-
pec.ry6ll.:r:.I
npe3I1,i;Ii,yt,1
Bep?onnloro COLeT4
C01331i011 pecny6:i:I1:u
ConeT i,':mII1CTp0I3 '
C0133H33f Decr[yC)TiIiiw1
~,ycacies oi' h-'-#i"ter state authority of a union rep?.ub' c
lrcich cs :ey 0111.' activities in the field oF' sc:ierc policy
'cif; 1 . c u prer.e Novi. f, of the e republic
2. 1 o rna.rlont Co! sj
11n ..sons of the :SU )rcu;le Coviet of the U1 ion
J. resi.ii -U^ Of the hurrerile Coviet of the union reeuU1.ic
Uouncil of i'i]i-ni.sters of the union republic
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OC the 1.1111Un rcl;ubl.i.c::, CzT.rry Gut 'Ile ;li;.I1Ce O`
t1'/~?~ (T ..'T:f. J.i .:CLC11c:C: rand 'techr.al.o i. -~.;':;c
Y
;
1 cpubl_:ic;;.
,y a.pprovir?;; t:lr "?e ?t,bl_:ic-lcv '-'
clans l or the d;:ve1opnent of ~ilc
I, at i.onol. coltom; and the a
: .,ate Lud,;ets, t.il;; e;r;. `ova: r,s of the
union republics thus define the
plans and expenses for scientific re,-,ea'
rci1
pro ects 'rlfliC['1 are iaY.i of the general republic-level plans an-i bud E et s.
Cl T Ice Counc:i.ls of :i.n:!.cters of the u:-ion republics have co:. i)ctenc
in a broad number cr
f questions pertaining to the ~2 i.dance of
:;t;'i_c ncc
n i the technical progre(s which -,)ertajn to the institutions
.T,rc
ente:ri)ri;sos that a,re S11 f.;OrU-=1_nate to them. Thrhoy U,il tc the ac i vibes,
.. od deterl1Tine the eS of
competency of the aleh C_L Oi {
union renubl:i.cs to Psh-iicii the scientific institutions are ~cii_i'ectl
,_uabotd.inate; rl_tndl.e questions pertaining the planning of scicnti.i ..
l:ero ject" a and the. introduction of the a.cilievements of science e.nci tec:'ir0i0
into the national. ecdnom,,; allocate, funds for tlhc I.LY1:,nCin,j of scier
:...stitut ior; ; establish the procedure of Organization and
C1.^:1L:i... i.c ine?tltutions and institutions cf Thigh( :r learnin ;
lu'. _'cr c,:L'
other questions. In established instances the Councils of hinistei_C. of
the union ''?enllbi7.C~', in matters pertaining to the guidance of the cievelo r-
ment of science, coordinate their actions With encies of state ,d:iirlis-
trat; on of the U.>R. The Councils of Ninisters of t:1e union republics
are the ri ;at to consider draft plans develor.;ed, by.r "nu
union-wide
i'rien for their su.borainate enterprises That are located Uh: the 11 territory oj' the :r.'er.,ubl.ic, and, consequently, the plans for scient:i`_c-
rC , i;lantiin -and-de ;i '',lin^- projects, and. plans for 1i Lee r.':
Wh I.ch ar- ( ;art. of' the overall clans for the work to be t erf o:c,, by
0, n 6"1; i:;e"".`:, a 1'lr;11 as assignments for the 1)lanninrg one Y'emod 7 c
of cnt rT,-r'i:.. on the t(;rri.tory of the re?-)u.bl.ic, ~.nd to submit thcir?l_
, rr-)T,osals concerning them to the Council of i''iinisters UGhR and
GospI:i.':i? U~
Tmnortant functions of guiding science are carried out by the Goeplati:;
o' twee union r( liubl.ics; they develop long-range and yearly plans for
cienti iC-r,;: C"Lrce projects and the introduction of the achievements of
science and technology into the national economy; and, jointly with t e
and dera.:rtments of finance, draw up plans for the financinP;
01. scientific projects and capital investments ill' science.
In order to understand the powers exercise(.i by the branch ministries
department ; of the union republics in the guidance of ,.science, I.t .ia
necessary to keep in mind the fact that, being union-republic a;enci_es,
they have a dual subordination -- to the appropriate mini;t: ?y of the
ilS;~ii and the Council. of .,i.11istor s Of the union republic. dj.t:lin the' i.r
(' i.rect Ajurindietion are the majority of the enterprises,
inetl.tut- Lolls of higher learning that are included in the '%:ate:;a of the
union-r:'-i)llbl_?C ministries. Corresronllll ly, they resolve c: _I Quo "bons
to the e of the subordinate institutions either
ricl pondcntl} or with coo rd ination With a union ministry.
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rp
Yj
CJ C)
0:)
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C T
L i:(J7(.'(20 j' Ot' ~Ca.Cir1CR, as well. ?t
Council of Fi:i.nisters of the union republics, with the coordination; o
the CXNT.
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ton 0T(;- ] .i.;;acroll o s P; h those bureaus are subordinate.
Such decisions are made in the event of the nonfulfillment, by the
indica:Led institutes and organizations, of the tasks entru_ .Lod to them,
or if, upon the fulfillment of their functions, such organizations are no
longe.f needed.
If there is a need for the development of projects along new directions,
in certain instances decisions are made concerning the charge In d.irecttdn
to be. taken in the activities of those organizations which are involved in
those projects.
L,~uestion 1.4.1. as originally phrased in English is not included.]
4
~` -tuention I . ]_.4 ,1, has retranslated from Pussiar.l What is the essence o
the methods of administration of the scientific-research programs in the
US3F, that is, how is the initial evaluation of the expenditures carried
out, what means are used to determine whether a concrete program is being
fulfilled in conformity with the plan, how does one act in the event of
exceeding of expenditures?
L!',nswer] The necessity; of development of large-scale, comprehensive
interbra.och programs for the development of technology and technological
processes evolves from a new approach to the use of the achievements of
science, which approach obliges all the state and economic agencies,
when preparing the basic indices for the development of the national,
economy of the USSR, to accept the advanced scientific-technical
achievements as the initial determining principle. The basic task of
developing large-scale interbranch scientific-technical progr,-,Iis is the
acceleration of the realization of scientific-technical achievements
through the timely, comprehensive preparation of investment programs,
the coordination of the activities of many branches, sub-branches,
scientific organizations and enterprises during the resolution of the
tasks influenced by these programs for the guaranteeing of the coordinated
efforts of all participants..
The development of the draft versions of the large-scale intcrbranch
scientific-technical programs is organized by the GKif'f.
The poop,ram dca t versions that are submitted by the ministries and
departments are oonsidcrod by the GOT jointly with Go? pldn USSR, which
stipulates in the Craft versions of the long-range and current ation< l-
economi.c plans a complex series of assignments evolving from the previously
indicated program, which are linked with their support. The execuLion of
the assignments stipulated by the programs is entrusted to the Urasci;
ministries, departments, and union republics.
The draft versions of large-scale programs are ap)r'uvcd by he doveivr 'nt ,
L_____
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of such }.~rogrcl n, for
Lrn'eL 1.on of I.;i.7'(';r.'- ' ?.pu it~ i:Ot?:G1.' 1.C'.'L1J.t.ie "Uhe creation i '_ ;:L'.: to::
1 nes toe "i;i f; trait :i1:I.ssion of electric Toner at ex rC -hi fh te:n;.iion; the
development and implementation of machinery system:;. for the coy?.eleLe
rnechaninat.ion of a.j ricultural production; etc.
The 1-m--lementation of a scientific-technical program is linked -cihe
of an entire, complex of .`.SC>i_e11t l:i ie-rese3.:CC~"1, ~ anu Lnt
dcsignd:,~;, expe.l:irlenta.l., experimental-industrial. r oject:, and t~~s"t ti-
-ire necessary to bring the developments to the to e of
A computation of the necessary resources (personnel, fixed.
ass t: y
raterial s, insLxvments) for the solution of the in the pro "ur. i.s
prepared by the lead ministries or departments, with the pa.rt:ici_pa.tion of
the co-executors. The final decision concerning the amount of there ;u. ce
to be allocated is made during the approval of the program . ;9..a . _talreo,.:. l I
provision is made for the necessary indications to the a.pproprI--J., erc9.es
of adniinis Lration (Go ;plan USSR, GKNT, the ministries and dep r.'ir:ents of,
the USSR, the union :r.epublics) to stipulate, in the plan, the nccco,sar~'
resources.
The l.ar. r_ ~t scale scientific-technical programs undergo expert- ,e valuation
at the State Expert Commission of Gosplan USSR. For individual
programs, the GK NT organi^es the expert evaluation. In add.it.ion to the
h~ cf ective.~.csr; ~.s
interl.-~:anct and social :importance, a criterion for
..
t h(! ne nLt_a?,:.;7.-?economic bore:fit, whim is d:.tez'mine.d. ~ fa.~, by the i;rc.Biien1
cf approval of the program, and subsequently at the st:,ge of eom ~.ecicn
of the p] arinin ;-anal.-de:1operations.
The indices of economic effectiveness include
1. n ci:f' c ca.pi.ta1 investments (ratio of capital investments to
in production that is caused by these investments or the of ic l'-.1
f:fecrt. i'h increase in the production or the beneficial e feet s
CompuLcd in physical terns, and, in the event of corci,arall,le output., is
1967 )rices; capital investments are computed in 1969 estimate pr ces
2, rcqu`~r-.menLe of output or beneficial effect (in Lveraige. re rly
workers or man-hoiurs) per unit of new output or. bt_:ncf:i.cial effect.
j. Expenditures of raw and other mate.ria:ls, electric power per unit
of :increase of output capacity or beneficial effect.
Li., ~',n end. Mures of equipment per unit of capacity or bene:C.':icir:.1 e:s` Lect,
Complete eexrenditures in terms of cost.
21 -
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In oddrt_i-oil to the indices of program ofiectivonec;, consideration is
made of indices of the technical level of production to be achieved
as a result of its implementation (co -?. l.ation in the output o
now and traditional output, scope of al?'c -ication of new typos of equipment,
and technological processes, level of mechanization and automation : f
production).
When carrying out projects according to the program, consideration is
made everyone year of the expenditures for its implementation. Since
the financing of scientific-research projects is carried out in
confo nc ity with annual plans, there is always the opportunity to
take into consideration, in instances when such action desirable,
the changing of the indicated expenditures.
It rr,i; ht turn out that the actual expenditures greatly exceed the
expenditures that are set down by the draft vrrs_i.on, and exert a
vnb.staantinl influence upon the expected amount of economic effcctivene :o,
'educing its importance. In a number of instances there thus an sup,
the question of the termination of projects in accordance with the
particular program.
The termination of projects according to the program is carried out
on the decision of those agencies which are authorized to sanction the
carrying out of the program with a mandatory report on this question to
the Government.
Duestion_l 1.14.2. Is responsibility for control of many programs
centralized in a single office? Are funds for a program schedule
ahead for the complete program, or is the allocation of funds and
materials contingent upon how well the program is progressing?
LQuestion as retranslated from Russian] Is responsibility for control
of many programs concentrated in one institution? Are funds appropriate?
ahead of time for the entire program, or does the distribution of funds
and naterials depend on how successfully the program is progressing?
j_Answer] The immediate control of the projects on the program is carf.i.ec
out by the appropriate head ministries and departments.
The necessary resources are allocated annually with the a.ppr_oval
the annual plans for the development of the national economy.
Of course, the distribution of these funds depends upon how successfully
the projects set down by the program are being fulfilled.
ouestionl 1.4.3. R&D organizations have projects that are financed t,hro?u,_rh
conto_-a sr~s;r.l with other organizations as ,-;ell as projects financed
from the state budget. How are the proportions for the two kinds of
financing determined in the planning process?
F
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carry out projects which are financed on the basis of cant.rr.,.ct:; with other organizations:, as well as projects financed f:re' the Vote
budget. How is it deter;nined which part, in the process of plr.nr,1ag,
is occupied by loth types of financing?
[Answer] The State Budget finances, first of all, scientific research
projects to resolve the basic scientific-technical problems stiulated.
in the State P7 an for the Development of the National Economy of the
USSR, problems in the natural and social sciences, and research projects
linked with the solution of the most important tasks in the development
of a branch as a whole. '
At the same time, the ministries and departments carry out the financing
of scientific research projects through their own funds, which reprssen.t
resources that are taken into consideration in the plans for enterprise
cost of production, construction-and-installation operations, and other
types of activity. The extent of these resources for each ministry
and department are stipulated in the plan for financing of scientific-
research projects as a. source of financing.
The share of the own funds of ministries, departments, and enterprises
in the financing of scientific research projects (not including capital
expenditures for the construction of scientific objectives) expendsci
for the financing of scientific research and develop came to 29.8
percent in 1966, and in 1970 reached 35 percent.
The question of the ratio of the share of budgetary financing and oHn fuu_ic,
of ministries and.departments which are allocated for the carrying out
of scientific research and development is resolved each time with a
consideration of the specific status of the development of the ap,ro.:ri.ste
fields of science and technology. 1 .1
As for the volumes of expenditures for the carrying out of scient:ific-
researc ii projects based on contracts, in each specific instance the
scientific-research institution, ministry, and department determines
which tasks entrusted to it and planned by research programs they will
fulfillment by their own forces, and the solution of which tasks 011
require them to elicit aid from outside organizations. Determinatloq is
i c
also mace cf the volumes of expenditures necessary for the fulfillment
of ~;io jects which will be Lfulfilledi by outside organizations on the
basis of contracts.
The sources of financing to cover the expenditures for the work to be
performed on contract can be either the funds al.loca:ted to the particular
ministry (department, scientific institution) customer from the stmte
budget, or its own resources.
Lwuestion] lX4. Describe the process by which budget fi_ rencs?d ;.ro 1:i_r.i :irs
US" and the ,
>, lAcademy of Sciences U)aii, on the bass of ma..;er.i
furnished b;r the ministries and d.epar..tment:3 of tae USSR, f;i: ;CUi;c, . i.s
of iinisters of the union republics, the branch academies of CiCI":CE:;, and,
the :scienti.f i c-techni ca.l societies, ahead of time -- rrior to the.
drat;in or of the plans -- work out the proposals concerning the Sr'
u
in the national economy of the results of the completed
j
c. ~CiE',ntifi, -reseal:?c:z
pro`ccts that are of ~,reat national-economic immportance,, as well an
Croposals concerning the organization of further development, in tai
institutes and the design bureaus of ministries and departe,erit:_, of
the most proeiisinb fundamental research projects that have:; been
L'ulf iii_ed by institutions of the Academy of Sciences USSR and. the
academics of sciences of the union republics, the branch academies of
sciences, and the institutions of higher learning.
With consideration of these proposals, the plans stipulate the
specific assignments and measures for the development and assimilation
into t.hc na:t.lonal economy of the new technological. processes, highly
productive machinery and equipment, methods of organization of production
and labor; for the use of new, more economical materials; and also for
the complete rnech aniza:%ion and automation of production.
As for the detemination of -tile degree of technical risk in the fulfiil?1e:r?
of definite programs, that is evaluated as a result of thc.' broad
n 7.scussion of the planned program at various staf;es of its consideration
by she appropriate scientific consultative agencies (lear'ned. and
scientific councils, expert groups, etc.), the findings of which arc
subr:,itted for the review of those levels of administration which hove
the rir:;ht to the decision concerning the carrying out of the projects
on the basis of the planned. program. _
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O
;;e-eet on 1;11 -- The Hole of Branch A;irlietticc
, 1. To ,,that extent are the 1i11ni=:tries face to dote Al:!c' the
o~,in RPD programs? What -is the role of he r;i.nistric s in
in, .roduction of flew technology? Who decides to T,!,-it a particular product;
into series production or introduce a new process?
LQuesti.on as retranslated from Russian To what degree can the
min.i.st:.:?ies determine their own scientific-research
the role of the ministries in planning the introduction of .new technology?
Who decides whether to retool to mass production of a. definite tylpe of
product or 1?:iiother to introduce a new process?
LAriov :rl A UbSR ministry is a central agency of state in the `,rock of creati.n~, expcrime rtal rot : ls, :in
the Out cf -tiir, technology of their manufacture, and In the tc: t,t
i i1t; l.su the Shc'p' s tech-n11 cal personnel.
c1'r .r~. esr,'eriinental model has been creatc_d--, tested, and
?mil er.''?:.::
C1' c cation, the or the series Llano hr1,Cture oL the .:n1:
rticl'. does Plot cause a.ny peci_al difficulties in the ?sho;). The
pc't.':.ans of creating th e Expo:ciinenta.l models, of
i
fro luC. in "the Heir 27 rticle, included In the I,J ain
11 iconi_ with the 'haul c nonicncla,.ture, .:n': 'the o
G,icrations o.seLl.s In nonfulfillment of Vi,:-_- alas, xlth all the
C'eci, It 11it C'Cn`: c'i1'?.6'nce for tl"ho worriers boil in this sera ,S one" , iie'. _.tl
- Jo-
F""
~` 3iair"?
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al-1~1. the scope of the uos:>i.bl e :. i, Len r'
I (;;;:t I ol: 5 tilc ouu'!.1`li.t Oclone Inc the level at wh LCi
i tat.? e Ic1 dc-; (] op various industrial mOdOi;,.
These decision; can be made by the enterprise, the as'.,ociation, -tie.
!.:] '- cl: i.n].str;Ltlon of the ministry, the ministry, and., in
important in Lances, by -the Government.
At ^.11 level :_ c.t a~lm i n:istLanon, the consid.cration of the nl:oho:~; ]. :,
for develop..icnt Lprcuuilla.hle omission] the representatives Ol tee
desi.p;n bureau nece ,s,a:r'ily taken 1,-)art in the discussion of this:.
(.lieut, i ens Of the fil l ancinp; of the development of l. are
resolved together ;?r_.th the plan and, as a rule, are carried out tat
the e :sense of the, mini stry, association, enterprr-.se, or customer.
It would hardly he possi.b]e to give an overall of the
ji7'OCE`. ll.L'r, for t,1:a.nsiru:!...tltl project from au institute :-.G
;;.i..:~u. Th i.s, basically, is Petehln .ned by the 11e!.ture of the
the level of work at the institute, and the terms of the. _ontr~:ci,-.
Thorn are no :sj";eclal procedure either for the rrianl.l:`acilire of
n;odc].t in ex lcrimental. L)r'oductlon.
ilowever, to 'the annual and five-year plans for the si:.ate development of
!.hr-, nii.tiana-) 00000!;ly, 3 .all as in the plans of the min:iiew a.r:J
1'. l'i.G:c'1Tl.S, ti.pulation iw rilale for the final stages in i..;., ere?tl J_'1
nud p'.:cp;-,.ration oi' now types of articles, 'materials, and tecl:nolof,.il.
llt'O("J .., ..e i oe 111C1L1; trim.1 u,` (the carrying out of tc.-_Jts o
prototype 3.7:'ticles, or technolog'ical. process
!r-i_'th the _ s:,uance of recotr,mendations for transfer to production ; 'the
devel.op:nlcri'!; of -techn.i.c-3;1. documentation for series
as tll'! stage for the production assimilation of the ne,a mo,lel (tecr:rl'_)].c" ca, 1. prroces1 j .
The oiie`>ti.on of the release for mass producti.on in d(;C1 ieC'. on the h-.sis
of the results of t,es'Lu conducted on the ex-ner_ iment.al models by tl:e
rnin i:.t1.'y.
In role is discussed in answer 2.1.
The rc:clUCt:i-on of the invention-introdi.ic-Li.on cycle is one cf the r'.etocci:
of the sclentifiic-technical progress a_,Lnd a. ia= 1!'101 11t
a:'?t`:i11?a.Oh Is devoted to these question, at various levels of For 11111'1100!:;; of 1!.:J:,LIC'ing the broad competition in the fl.!.']., (;r
technical, development, the search for Heal ?Ilc lLhod s in the, i.J . JYi O L
tech -tic?_ 1. problems and thy of r`.:.-,l.i] C.,_,
the !I!:Ll"11L>tr o' Anil. departments of the U:i3R and, the douncil of, Hi;!'l:_ters c....
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Lou 'll!11O11 have the right, In i1:Cessa,ry 7.ns??ancc:;, LO erI ''Li;->;:
the r,; .: -y i.r. ; out of explo!'ator'y scicnt ific-research a:_; f;el.7-
l and technolog;ica1. c'.uvelo--ment, to
sonor',.~.
s;o th t It will be pos ib=_.l_r Yl bure-.ij Or in";-.'
JrtE:'tr ^l:_2 . l-ord i .r_
lric::t(:(;. .r(,. 'O the S2dRe ministry? SL'b07.'Ciii17.'I.('G t,0
dil:rainis`rles'? Hon are disputes between ministries .nai'iC1i.E'Ci.
L~,;Iles' .On as retranslated from suss1an. How arc a isutGC. (Luece ioi'1,: of
rcien;if;_c; relic-; esolved in the USSR? Describe the essence of the
i'leC1iFl,tion and reconciliation procedure for settlinr.a conflicts i:':
so entii i.C-C(:s arch institute? between a SC7.ellti.fiC-reSec.TCil i.ns'ti.~Ll'C'c
alld a des, i.n hn.lreau or an industrial enterprise subordinated to ttll-e
am( m r.istry subord _rltted to different ministries? :iOld are ie
between re:,OlVed?
questions of scientific policy sE_
oT bread di.scu;;s:i.on by the scientific Public. At the level of the
institute, disputed questions and conflict s_i1 uations
U'C considero'-3 at session' of ``Ci labor. -r
3 entif ic U)"l'S, 8O ):?', and
di. \, i. ions. ti(_'aLi.ons til],t cannot be resolved there are, {;r_Lns1crred ..:'or
h : con'si('era:t:i.on of the director element, and, i e t1 m,o:-t serious
to the Council of the ins-Mute.
c,',i?).- Ot~,anizc:Li oils ta`(, active part in the re o 1 of o rl
T:-,': ',r can bring UT) the most disputed questions fol:? distil:,. on - L: a
; fir
_sc; l
'
section of their membership Agencies of the Soviet i):1:?en it; .rt ici t ,
:;t i.v(il~ in ;!nalyzing the conflicts that are of broad
Disputes .i.zi the "r ~ sphere of scientific policy between various CI'~;:.(LI S da t:i o
1.11Ci i.nntitutions of the same branch are reconciled by t::e ;Ci.en'Li.i
i,ech llc,l.1 council of til'' mini try -- the branch leadF'_C'Sillp ,
?>i_f[er'erccs f opinion in the field of scientific policy be'L. co;l r.i., _
and ''r~I;~Lr~11E'r1t5 are COn:~i.dEa'eil, as a rule, at t
iie
ins {',..flee , if no so1.Ut1 on has been achieved it thi:
, 7(.l'.'":'.t of
1. ..!.,:i... t.,~ ..(,
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)lnrehliec f Lc!..un tc(S'.ln,ilof,y or -to undel:t,ikc R&D in the l.;?
;'fha:t a_rc thn b_1;:;es on which such a. dcci5 oli is ma lc? i`1o t:lt
f'...,. -.7. :.lz'tll,:>>: it For gelec j U
y t-.,Yl;; the ]_(:r of the
on lai,-it ]7`_'ses is the decision mode? Who 'ecides , hlc'1 e,-,. --r I
be rc5'?`ona7.ble [or e ploi'k'.ing foreign technology? Are [Mere pocs
enterprises that specialize in exploiting for :? n techi:olo,_y?
LQ1:cstaorl as retransl_:;.ted from Rus i ?3y who;-,. and hr)-'-" i3 dc"t2isIcin
tk"c
lll?_.:]@ to 1?.'t k;%JGC 1 oreign technology or to begins scientific C a.-Id r3evelo7-,mciL ill the USSR? What are 'the on which -,urh
m='.(]c? '[ho ha.s the r_ .ght to make the final. selection of ;;-io
]._i.or of the .requl red technology, and on . hat base`_; is this ;Je.,-i O1i
m .. e 41 io rrcci_dcs which erlte,rnrises Mils bear the z'e O1`;.._Ll.li'
for ex ']_O:i-"ti17. oreit'n technology.' fire there special enL';.Y'i rise3 that
in thle exploitation of foreign equipment T
LAn :. rs:r: ? Th; decision to buy foreign technology or to
:.1 t]' vclc pmeirt i n tl-,(: U&SR is made by the cove-cmiien 1, of
he U;~c i :il i,hr..
b,.. 1s of t r.oposta.i.s submitted by the ii.ni and i s . m .;tYaC'.. a,i of
_ t,..
Ub J'i i.nd the, Councils of Ministers of the union Y.'C; i;.ll'ti]_1.CS~ arld 'th(
findi.ego on th.;:t p1'cnosa.ls that are made by Gkspl n UdhH and Uhl.
Tn':, choice of ,:1. supplier of foreign technology is deteimi:..od an b
of the proposals of the branch iiinlstry.
fhc question of which enterprises will boar the responsib" l i y for the
exr] oit-atiol, of the forei~ n technology :i s resolved by the rlieiistr_y for
which !.hat f.echnology in being acquired.
t'i, ,f1 ..11'r enterpr1..ses In the UdhR, equipment that .. ' .s.'d .broad
f:U CCi :1 G
3:3 be .1'1?' >ucceS:i1 U]_1f exploited, and those, r_'Yft)tY'1):i'
tel. i:',~_s
,,, have close
with the suppliers of that equipment.
Approved;For Release 2i0 01 ,9/11 L CIA-RDP79=00798AO00500=1'30017-1
 Approved For Releasi000/09/11: CIA-RDP79-00798
r 1, i.' it I Ti '['h Ro-.l e o f Iridi aria
0500130017-1
~7r ;1 1011 :) p:rojecLs 'inil I Ll,ed Lthln en (7.!ni,r_r! r 1
1)t?.. uet llfi] i'OVC::LOt1 , I1:11icved mnnuffJ,Ct,u .l:x, tee in1(l e p ,r~1
01 1 Y'P. eI,(_: ), how 1-the doci._ion to initiate such c`).r: ei'i,
O I!I :.d U
D^(::. i i] 7 ., ter tY l.hC: IRL+..ne e r who wishes to initiate an j
'L) 7Jro ':; ~?
reriuirc approval by n_'.gher- authorities":
1("'U(..s'tion e.n ret;cansla:~?ed from i,'ussi I.n j How are the d` . ' ,., 7
c, >a.c s 'rladc:
Lo 1 1 ' 1 1 -1-, 1 iit( scient if ic-resenrch pro jcc IL- at an erf-I;e rpr: cc (lir !)1'Cvl'In U1;
of iris v .r a;).J- types of )utput, i_iiprovernent of production n.et_'lo,is,
l?J.-:a.nning of new -Gor output;
Is I necessary for thr' eiitc-(
Tr
i(!%lriag :. who liar an interest in initiating a scie :tiff -rt: e,';,rch
i,ro ject to cl~ta:i.n the consent of higher au'thori.ties?
Lin ,(re,' In conformity dith the statute Governing, the do c:i a.l is t
hhni;ore: i e, the :trnprovemerit of output, the Ir'1proverlient of rechnoiur;-
1.;, ore of the b-;.si.C (IuPie of the enterprise. Therefore
t0 C., .rr:y OUt :;Cleiitif 1C-:C'E sC rch projects to lr;prov the methods of
r uc l; . cn and i:o develop new types of output i:, r:? ,d_e by the
t l_S financed by that entcrl) '.LSe'n 1'.und;.
A:_,i nnl :n : for the fulfil bent of scJ.entif_i-c r( 5(~-.Ci ch r:rr~
conniP c.r.'tuud In the enterprise plan, after the r;hicval. of h
begi.l;; to implement the pl;lnned rc:sea,.run L o"1,11-.
11; '.ftC r l 1;iia the eAet. pri:e does not have at 1.
It (7 .L:_,itOL;"A-
n (1 i'.! _Ci:.:l (?
~'1lJ1 out of thin scien't'?:I'. C-l'r '1 I
to ?:ll r'. 'i.0] aJ 71111115 rc ive echf- ( r''
" ~ t .'?;t 'Dons .~.wticr.
G;}-:lch In .... G!I ? 1510:( CCIICCI'alnr.
C Cl. C tit
e
or by
(-le-I: rift] ne :-.Ile nou.i:'ce , of their f:i.na.rning.
.:,t'C E Ly017 lipid tht? P,rU iecb { ? i at
v- lf!E'.I1CCd. lfh c64 ma.I-L(:I~'.l_r1J [,Cc!t-Ii;:-_e..
as-_ the. 1 roiC'Ct Cori! .iiuec? Doe' I;ht:; for the O
L1:( J_(1'' (: .;I>?;G 1 i C r rc ) : i.U J mt l J.T c
:rr
consciously determines wii(i.ihex Fhe project
should coat retie or be termin.a?ted2
L?1UCSI;10n 1.;; net'?raI.I LIA., rI 'fre e Russian] ItO,w is i1'0 1{)et l?ih~C 7
Lt? :iwthot.IC; o n.d mi.r!. i.S tr(1 i?i on are used. during the ;l,rry in '' out, of `:?'o = t ? ? :
i'? -Cl goals? fl''t ; ?Clf1 Are d(3,Ld1'Lnc:. fJr. t;reir I'ul. l.lFit, ni .1
7:Ct which rl;).IliJ, v
'--ri tli-t(. ^.-t'3xr.rLs g;c;nont connclounl,, (,(J. (.s
C hc: L' t;.'li` !1 t.:v(_'i.O )((It:;l"lt of the project L -1,1. i(iuld be co21;1U
p or An c,t TRi, jr0 Cci,S conduct"'(' It' , i,
:tl-G f' i.i, r.n::c(3. either with Lite feuds of the ellti:r ri:_c i.l;.'. l._`_', oi'
f1J11 J;, = ll Ocd i?iC, by the sup(eri or O'''all -,.
.. 1.U1.i.
In the enter i:'iSr: plan, there is a definition of the - "c( ~.( .i.c of
e nt:i r ic-:r.c..~?c a rcil Itroject, tyl;, tgc,s of O i,^ror._,
of tit', nla:ter:ial.-technical. support; of _ ,
r
Approved For Release 200010911' CIA-RD . 7798A000500t30O:17-4'-
, `-
p
 ,, ApProv Fqr. Re,Itea O1Q0/Q`9J1,.1 C~A-tDPi719-4798 0,500130017-1
oil of the .,t11l.t;., of r'll~ ~: 1_ I I?
of !,tro o,er.a~-lon; IJ)t .
} ;, JccislU:a COr7C-;._ rI., tl; -'
11771111 i,17C!n.
L'uC)rl_, j,1.3, iih3:t 1.S t;h?' exre:ciience on cost;
coT;pareO to rinal cost.' . (In one well.-managed ii.:;. tochnical
ti; ). s ratio about 2 to I .
~l.lcst 1.011 setransia:tec) from ftiasslnI1J 'bat is t,le: sxi -;r.i,_ nce 111-la-L,
,,he :01'1!'1 _ de has h8(' w?llth re-_pect to the
,9#_ (.:Ofilt ]Y'(:'~) with the actual X(: lidltur(:: In a cerLain sell- _TJ
f.i.r,n this ratio is 2 to 1.
Lr",n ilCr J 1' 7.nduotriml enter rises and associations, toe _prE:'_L1
financial-e;.ti_mate cossputation for the carrying out of c,c.ierrLi__fic-
res( n_rr.;h and em erA;:,, ;atal-d:,s. i n operations-, as rule, i.s ot.
Very cJitiere;',t from the actual. expenditures. This situ,-ILIoi. can to
;xplai.ned by the ra.ct that the industrial enter_.ril;;e_ do not; undo
k .
r
the C" rry 1.n, out. of operations that have lax- e d t ;. e of C 1.;=k
or iacl - `1 rii exuccted results. Put at Z snare L_...,
naves heel] i.nstarlces when the actual exPe? iditures exc red the
corput_d ones.
L 1LIC'.o .IOn 1 3.1.x'4,. Arc ti-ere r.ny market surveys to detelinins the
T.oteni,iai de,,a.n(:) for the ?)rcrduct to be developed?
i
Lrg.;c'utiol, rcaranola~ced f role Russ=_anl Are there any InC;rket, silre . j'
c c.cLeri1-ne the potenti,-Ll c;enland for those types of output ohieh
s;ur:pose to be developed?
L :\ns;i~erJ The enterprise determines the possible demand for it or;i;yrllt.
;._ it pobe]iti_ .l Customers. Surveys are di.-an n up for to
co:"1SiahrEr` of co1;:3Ui1( :" [-,Oods and the extent of the conul.li; tion; ;irsi.
repu; lic, Oblast, mend inter-oblast fairs are Iran ed, .:t ;zvn ,ive industries 1.7.kc text Are
hoviut r1in.1etries and enterprises encouraged to try to their
new -:rodLiet:s to the cue homers of other GY I: ;: rnY7.see nd (Q1nJ.,;IV7.'JG:J?
Arc l;i)L"T):Cl;;( :i enCOIIT%Jged to spend fund,,; for
1:1, r"(; ?t ;;111^'J~` r and i G.Y'
Tcrsuac? n uot.enti .l ad.out~:.rs to try their new ~r 't.
'
I or '.r t s:? bea:-'. 1E:
t'C f i)Yl.", 1 C11 ty if the S%:l es of a new prod Lie t' C'.re 1 a ?;_;1115, the
prod.uclrl( enherpLiee or the ministry's "glavsbyt"?
L ucst-i.on an retl"171"1Sis ed from Russianl One of the Illc't{":o;'.;; O
an i nventl.on In 'tile United J i a L '
7. r1 r'Gr rres,.>7.v(: branch of :''" such as the
):CL nob, invade:_n" the of much, tao Soviet m1nintrics' an(J. E;'111;('f:';):Cites :u i)r.OY't?C)d ill
rs _L f]E'_Li tre:n .i? tO sell their new output to custome from o'i,he E'Il'Ler
phi:ic:.> nod Im;inis-t r.'ies? Art,, enterprises encourat ed. to uno to
-cpnr:) 11arkot L11'VeY5 O. to convince potential coilsumer that thug
J
output? Who bears the 1F..'STionsibii:Ltj' if i.rl'
new tJ J (. of output are t r :.
..1X11
L.">11's,,,:1.1 Ttl OL 1' ccl:,il i" y "l-innovation bV' '
.I,inv).s:Lon' ou1: of
o:;;L] I_; oc , I ee triLire nO.t".Lon=:.1 economy, in the it3i;r T_ ' ein,
ec l t!;non f s f o^ the production and use of ne. wd i-,,at" '81s c'c 1
UiyT
are et;~,%io 7. ,;lgd. for the ministries and dcpal:tments.
,L be? noted ~L h8t
L)- ) eB.Ch I:1 F.Y11StY'y and Its as '!1'
in ex anld ng the of the ne,r alt~)).ii,,
In i:I]!` :ICtC';'f;,_7_S(?~s ,?;1?f'il:_r: for the production ol"
7._ ml!r]C c'; '.!,e cos t._ to t(:
~h Lt outpu t ncu:.'1(c' by
i'iiC CVI"1 !.r1t C' .:.1.Oi1 of t,F1(, hoods :C,-)r various types O. cuLp it in; C ,
i.hc.; CG?1:1.71 ions of Therefore, the I,roducti_on of new tyi C-
olltf l l:: planned With a Consi.derot:10;1 of U -01,c Of te hit .t uab when ~) J OnS ['11C, : -) o'
of
(1j111~; rll~_]. (,11 ) a.rc lagging for V,"i.rto.it, rl "i on ~1';ch O
t .;tc) )(_. )cc f
G~ i:.n C 7; 'r C't(?V,? t iO1i i 1'OIn
c t 1 _l.;^(] t1 On j 121,_ c, ~ . 1.'ciC'rl 1, C'
;lance i;Ii( .1:'erL Oft ~.~>()l.' 4,
7 (7 +
L i_;a.y 7.71 :.1. (, :. :),..'U ... CI: f: ?h>
11(] " t.r",, i r:ic step s are t;7ken to el i.minate them.
Approved For?Release-2000/f~9"11t1~1--CtA-RDP79= J 798A0U05.00130017-1
 Approvgd,IFor e,eas 9,9/49/11 1~4-R,QP79-QQ71 9l$ 500130017-1
III anufa.c?tur,_:r
U(e 1on i ,3. r The imL3:,l.:i.shc_,O ource ;);_bye "we o , canter;; of :il'1i. Si...'J III '.lnl: ;~. ( "r;c GU.1}:1") for wettin' is 5 Gil
hut many Of 'tho are not available. For Q'ilJ.ii11).) ti, in we G l;,.ii_;
prices On "an-alo,gue" products, who decides Whether the wnole s'.ll.e
i.l.l be closer to the "upper limit" Trice Or the
('i)L11 Cl ';! nr c som S:9:C j ie '_ ::ice catalogue:, and m;_-I.iiual: for -arc' are R;D co,_accounted for in pricing new prct3uc(.... arc' th
c laarged3 to the first yaa.r of produc-lion, or capitalized. over eria
t erence l i e
ea 'low DOt3
i V? ? . _; make a Q
./ I. difference _ the 1' .` Zu.Ct "s
:nit is }.l f a -5 i_ n ,d. a temporary or permanent price?
Lwe:S..1011 retrar::il. ted from i{US`,:Lan~ The published sours C .ieocrihe'
'the ec etents Of ^ the. "Iacco:l( 1i_.c.i" for the of r,r1.ce of mew
. r to 1 e
types of output produced by certain I.1nistr1G~1 but man.'
For ,=l.~.l.IR1JlG1 in Ve.ttlilg prices ,.Or c;.niLlovOl;.b Ou,T,.t,p U"1C
1 cJ.` err 7!ii(''};ilex the wholesale price:; Will be closer to the '11Cip"er
()Y' to titre ".LowerC Could i c. sec' srnuep'_es or price
for pricet.lll? Ham arc t(1 (, L'X.}7dnci.._tU:C'l.ti f Oi'
:;eir. i Lfi.C rcrscFL.?'C ]'l =Li"ltl .1ovelopracnt taken into cons~_ClC ri3'L G:1 i,inc 1
iCeO for M_-.-l t es of outi)lzt? Are they compensated owe:: 3. period or
several years (how Many?'? Is there a difference betl?:een O' t l O.1"
:h i c'": ., t^:rp;Jra..ry i rise is set and output for which a per:lane.nt pr' c?. Is
!'E't?
Ltll .. r I 'girt ;T,1Ot1 of prlce-se:-tti_ng for 1.1ndustrial.
of bta'tioil Col;;r.littce o'1 Prices, Council. of I'. J.':.'.;:
1( ;:ren3ont..g the
l,i::,I R Pr; a :r1]_Li11 the ext(--:nt of the price al,ssigncd
( VIII of the expenses incurred by the ente .'orisc that urodueccs the
OU'i )11t the en'tP.rllr t cost, of production., .L11s a small nar, :-up, which
ta.kc into consideration the profitability of the branch.
The ell L, :rp;:'Iee cost, of production of industrial outllu-t is 't,ho
`aim-cC1. t: o1"1~5~ current C:Y,.1 11Ci.itures, expressed 1.:1
For the i'l Cduct].Ori and s .le of that outpput. peir:)_i ' 'r;es for 'rode hire
Corn t}1~ pro )'JCt:i on ('r.cte.ry-y;l_y,arltory ooerati.ons in the extrn.cai ve indusJtry:
- (',(;('.11Ct;1GY)S to to paid into the fund for the of new
--- (1ocT JoLion;; to to pa;d :i-nto the incentive-,.,"?va nLa fill i ; ur LI" e
Cec,n.L.i.gi) a.nO o1' new Lechiio7_o ;y,
Approved For Release. 2000/09/11 CIA-RDP79-00798A000500130017-1
 Approved ; ,car, WeP ~ QQIO (' ,~a: cJA- DP,7~1-90798~P~0500130017-1
r, (' 11 (1a i.~rl f'. f o11i,1)ll no , t( Chr,oIt: in 1.
r ,,1,:iru"l i.ilf and (lr`si ;rl:in,' as i'te1=1. fu t, (? vI;.i
l? O' r`Cl't1101-C%6r1C:3.i. "U:OCR'',;, t .i_1 :)
:Il l,Iil, i. C't11iC oir
Lol i.;i 1(.'- In i;al1at1011 ),11?, Looiln? }.hl;
an the model. The fo11o;!11"rr C(i~
l
1 ".,;fl ela.c .'r 1.J_(3 t1.n`, or t[1C iLeiils Vein:'O.;nrltirlg c expei:n(`:' Low1C',~`t
^., JIIIl1 i;1:L.7()I1 Of 1-,1-IC 1)'i"OO1_tCtlOi. of new t~'1:e5 of. out pot and
L':ochnolog ca.1
T ;..,
I. 1' .IIU oa. r.;'i:pcild.i,t :ce J.LOill
a.nd. dE,,,,i of new ~' r
u;'.PC'P..L it it Y't: i ~!U:
dev+::lo ',ncnt of t chno- l
Of;1Ce1_ j L'oceu Of It ; illanu - aiu.-
r t_1 V
the technical O CU:ic 111 'i)r
is new a-(- cl
basic -i.ncl
deduct. i.o1s for ; oc ~_ tie ty
Of,
d
7 t.
Cl[.'arE,:ml- n, Coi^,1c.1:; , and o;.' Lr
e1Y,11ilera4te ? O1) _'Y'2:L I co
G'J. tool. 411, 1 Expciicli UY s He
ii
and Cde 0 cS'.',^.]_C,,:I:IL']'1'L? 1:CC_hno-
1o ; L' 1).000055 of their: the
l dies tei1;i 1at( 5, !,c d :I, tcGl~
(u e:. 01'1!c I y'.@al' L:. L
OL
_C!i
the em-m, e C ;d U wo n Le
i)l, lu Litlon G
n'..'l~.) I ,1 J.'c.::i .1G CP. 1- J ~:., .''OC.1, ~.i.l -',,.'(:; i.l .; i.J? (: C'('.' _:C'i- J.i) -,...
:: ::3 FLI C:, C' 11 .. t
. !
of 11oi'l,; I '(W -Ol,
r
Approved For-Re-lea$e 206010/ 111 : CIA-RDP79-00798A0005001300-17-1
 1: 1
(-)l,l:i i
Approved. -For Refeas
0,0/09/1-1 : C IAAD 9}00;7,9 500130017-1
cl,
'r
'f fools, and
1~: ).ch ic)11 -; io the rroduoL]-on
of n01-1 tt3l,1C.iOS
and
ii:h of ctqu p;:iun_t
.5;;1;C:1131 i(,t;
:oY.. C's i cr l.lir>. .;l?U f J, LCC:L_ien.
1'jd tent mnd 17;~ e, eJ n o,' 1:r
1-:i 1n3.1r::(1 %0oclf>'.
1t t,c.c'l:ilt;irl~:?S r.0 Ll..i t.::.1C t-1?
a ., ,.
.. c;.e re:,
?he ,C"o uct.i oi: of
r
Silo
rys
c
c,xco `?t cot: of
oU :.i''It C,f the
of 11rodnci::ion Cif the nCi?,' I:. J.
.,:ii:i'i;ll e; f i 0) t', i.-lm on 'Lal
\ t_
III 1_'?t _~~. I e1.J i"l i:J .!. ~jYu'I (.'; i (i til
O 1. l
Lclc
r._d. ietc the
'
reduced. In such :UiL' tang::.,, t'1 C! 1!0 :. 101' ,ii 11C.i
incentive
if the el 0 ca:'_'ri3 out ";ho LL:1.'Ci! 71Cti.Uii ^f 1l'-. t: of
_i.G i fU1O Od. by the T?. an i. `t. h ^c a to (1 is - ,:J;:._ au
2,11'1 ?!;F],(31'.1c..1.-tC(h C. E-1 'ro )'
rl"r h '"''eci '1 '^ 111 'ili?.nstaro ' .t ' ."'1''^
this i i,he r c,:;.?, ~- .:is_ .....
ll^ 1 j'^ nrin(i` i 1~"(. Of .?2.}J:l. i nob- ? I'- ) . tic.... A 0
'C?_lhl :[U.r h _ enIL'.:_
1.QCJ1~:, i'1C 11117%.._ 11ece::~:? 'f for the prod.ucti.oll o the i?c.:.
~r17C. Olt , ( If c SC.L::11'Li ut GI" i'.aj~_i_11!;E :1"' :i.icren'.3 nec A..rodU t r',?: 11 `..
C), Is' the ,,,7.3~:i.i)71 e[ t,, critCC'~l'a.:~C: til?"i. ii:r;:i1_U~', ..i_c~
1C. 7lr- C, ., 21 O him to
C; _ i. 1F1't ..;;CC:i tiirc:_ D:Cc th ere :10: the ].11V(:)'li.v 1tl til. Cl ... :)
Lt .,, i? Lc.t 7, 1:ic Idr':.l?
_i.,7tt a..; .cc t:'](i.:i.i ..?'U;il ll:_oi a,.
j rrv- o f output or a. now 4dtt 3_C>t 1111t.'__, C}i.l i?,_ 'r: t ':', (
hC> flit i;crc: ice 101c-re ho :i.u ,JOrKill-,
1: ?e (1 i .. t O l;h^r C)1 I77..^ . i; ons i.n his now RIC,_1? ;7'.1';:t:? Oi:C'_!., j:,,ent
I_ `1p-rr:(1 L,^,1 t 17y re r10r ... 1,11c: inventor receive in til,. v r; L t:.%
he Of 11G i l' i!
I11 1;:.; -4`11 -11t Uf t' i;{ii .1C 11. docu:..::n ~tiC:;~ Ci
C- L 1 Ci~ E'::1'l 1110,- -.:?1-`a, L-1.116 t'1(;' 1 i1
1: :i'.o '_:;ter'1Ji'.i con that have accepted a. invention T '1:.,e CC C.
CJ%!V?.Ylt-.7%E' ;) the t(;Cillli.C3.l (;GClllrit>.lit3t1021 or mod cit
O;:'if 1111 {.)C~ or can coominnion the origin: to to carry ('ll. 1-31 -cii ;?onh
ur~;_; 1;'.+o:c
In the evert, of the fulfillment of thin cork 17y the
Approved For Rele
98A000500130017-1
 Approved For Releaso000/09/11: CIA-RDP79-00798.00500130017-1
conclude ,,iit1i t.1
]c oriwin:'c:;ot:' .1Tt ?~':cec.Jn(~nt i,l::.;, covi.-(~::
:i.
nc ? ; ono Oi. to
1:iat l C 'E'T1::.C. .I.?'!(.:i.U:f'..-~
t(O d O 'U fl (?1"1tCi;t.l0ii or mJ r
Ue1 su,-e~ C}CC.,
i' :;.d to the originator a.rr(io pective of
iJC t e U _ Gl the invention.
wtatute on Di.: coveri s, Irlvent:ions, ..n_t
)L'O`."=.a oetions iuhich is in effect in the OVieL `'?.'
c:;;CL_U
'
:;.'L'/a' C'1.'it for , Or the use of invent ions tJEIv'17";; t h e t :.t
The Sc1/iet eccuIIIC'.3 the concel:'rJ for the sale of t;(
the 1nVCnf e
i it
oe
t.ir n sLlIt_, coopc:ra;t.i.v , and soci~t.l cni,err.c-e. .
For the, nverii;i.oli, the Cri.gina.tor (Gr'.igi.n;' L
r 1 1::Gnet":.r ' :Cc lurie'r)."I;].G11 if the invention is:
-- used in the national economy of the ;
u s('' i 1 (lociL:ncntatio n tr, n a,Li LLed to ocher couirtries ')y y of
)non: i_c l.;,d elect .f i.c-techni'cal collaboration;
that are beirl"' constructed by L~` '`
r, ~~R o-:t11err)rl:,:_
:.n(1 G. ; :+.n L :1t Lons abroad by way of the :r_endel:ink of techn i.c;al
to Foreign countries;
-- roi r9 ti-' i:cu~;i: trlr~ sale of ll.cenUes abroad.
ii .CU:~i1;1 :"_?tion f0-- t:;(3 us Of the inve-enticn is Cor:~(.;uted se::I-ir,.Li,C.i;/
C' l(:, :1.G21 ;)
tip i.Cc.t
s indlca ted above .
i.mouilf: of re nunerati_on for a 's ini le invent ion ('.:1noe
exceed 20, 000 ruhlus.
or;- ani:zed within th
e
erlt:er.;:rl. o? Ic '; ,, ~',a
OU;:i ,'h0 ., ole nevi rill. iLll].ty Iii research c.T'd C1E:'!e].G: "".l i]t O.!.
fiTG':}L10 io 1:' sOT]11?l :;s: l1 d to H3ID ct they n:)
d i f f J. from entc7 ? 'L.'
:~l:;c 'to ~~nte.r~ cry; (::I al .i.rn:cnt i. .~
and cc:icotists have for successful com')1et:LQ11 of c.
n 1'o?E: is t
L1G:.;'t1r.;T"I r'e tr_an __..ate:', fro;: Russian] 1-1Cw Is the
:. .. h and d.evelopi..lerit at tho enterprise OI E l.E; J ].t;':e1 Fi
oua :,Ile:,' .?olc duly is the carrying out of
~,1 - - ,_,C:;.t:?Tl'
10vu)o-:,I nt., (.ii:' O)' .I., rhle preducti.on yerr;Gnn('l ncd Lu
..'11 :c.'t1:('h i re jects _ _ they arise` Does the syst~.'.I: dCTi:t:'i; ,:1, Brie
rri. 'i"_;.L'.iso (~_Lffe.:i:' i':Ce : trio systr;,rii adopted cl.t a.not'her one Pilot cr 'l
-_L
ive fe ti1 SL?.?. LC CJ
C
Ft 7)~GjcC:i,
' Appro 'ed:',F'or'Release 2000/09111, :. CIA-RD.P79-00798A000500130017-1
 Approved For Releas41000/09/1.1: CIA-RDP79-007980500130017-1
;'.(i P; t;iiik,3Up 1-ii? Y'o:torie , li Ulir o;.1 I
a.] :9 .:nt.i i'l .:'esca.(ch insta.tutes.
T`un c, 11te:cal _,,o, in confornl1ty with thee lei; islation tt;
..r f` ct, the to Conclude, 1.11ti .,-cieni;'_fi-c-7-eseacan,
an-1. and with higher
C(+rit-c ct::> iothe developlicrit of new e:ui.r;rnent =:.nd tetin:.elo`-,-y of
.'lays for the P oderi11',atiOn Of the enLe.rDi is r t:
r?r; aectioc1 '1ivisboisr al:d :fa.:Lms the lilodern:l.satIon Gi eCl_i
f r
the i(1CCh l.n:i-C.>].t -011 i automation of production y;r000`..se ?, .. aJ ti '
r ,
or ._abo-1 and production.
r}n,,a:,c s for the. operations are made against the, E'r.te..-,,r_.;.e
flu nd s , i el I. as against bank credit.
The orgy l 1 ; ;Lion o f scientific research projects at
g r.:!..., :, i;o CUnnidcrabl:e de ree, is determined by "tile' ei;:L.fl_c .
~.. e ?_..'.1101 a!?C} the Olli;llut t~l_'.t is produced. bar the particular r~l',terr:ro
)rl r'c ,:o?Ilit ion of the fulf a.lluent of. assignments for 1 u) f i-!-D:lh nt el
ic:1?'.')l i is-'res ,9.7'Cli and, experimental-design projects 1-G-- th Or('?_i' 1ii71
Gi I1i21! i ('Chnology, Cnt; 1 ,'rise workers are COl u S Pros t'1
~.t;i:C1_i=!!_-].I":Cel'1tives J"1111d, depending upon the economic b,r1O.~1i; orLV'?':)
r C(]I'1 LtS :in ;J'Gdi]Cti011,
rc iCtios 'ffo t:.
!;. ;;Gti ) . develorrient; and
t,`Ic:' U , y .t
nr~;.11 well coordinated.. Co !17 ercia1 aircraft produ t ion COTmpa.!"_
f C r In have "i;llr:'_r own design tea:1S. There are
ci~lV ~:YI'i;ages to this arrangement. Technological advances ...r easily
iiT, leri.':)Il'f?ed i.lli O alrcraft designs. Develoi);]!ent personnel arc close at
a.',C to pro id Iii;l)).'li!0Ilt2.t)_On support for new
techriCilogJ' "i i ;
lllfr, : 1;].tion cha:;;Ylels are relatively short, cello"r1J_Yl ; C'. C; ':r?).Oiaicnt a.1:)
exchange ideas and 1;0 l..taa"ll attack )esip :
OC'i] : t:LOn }'C,''.;U:1 l to
and d' oJuci,.1.o1: problems. One dlsadvantaSe in ',J11,3
J.s advanced i:echeoli) V Is forced into all.