COMPUTATION OF INPUT REQUIREMENTS OF THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY OF THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 11, 1999
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: October 31, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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SECURITY INF(JATION
PROVISIONAL INTELLIGENCE REP CRT
COMPUTATION OF INPUT REQUII NTS
OF THE AWCRAFr INDUSTRY OF THE USSR
C IA/RR PR-19
31 October. 1952
The data and conclusions contained in this report
do not necessarily represent the final position
of ORR and should be regarded as provisional only
and subject to revision-, Additional data or
orouznents which may be available to the user are
soli'mited,
THIS J .)CJJb1Fifi CO.TITAINS I FOPJ'ATIO .". + 'ECTING T',.iE iN,TIONL'L
) _, =~:T ~,lwF OF s T D C T m ~,vs-,.l!... : ili. THE
-ca0~ t.T~~ '?TTTF~I+ u1.t~tTl~:~ ~~iyl~i / I?~lyt )s OF +~
E{1 IO?}L CE .N,%'~?. , TITLE 1L ,~ 'SC, t,7EOS. rS93 14iv/ 794, HE
SL?ri1J1:~.1,.)SION OR RE' ELATION OF 67HICH IN ::*:Y P"`::'~?'rat TO ? N
CP".luntOR IZED PERSON IS PROJII13ITIM BY LAW.
Office of Research and Reports
. 00
DOCUMENT NO.~ ? J ~~v~
NO CHANGE IN CLASS. CCU
^ DECLASSIFIED
CLASS. CHANGED TO:
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AUTH: R 70-2 - 0.0_051..
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E1TLAL
This is the second of a series of provisional reports on the input
requirements of the aircraft industry of the USSRO* It sets forth some
tentative findings on input requirements -- in manpower, materials, and
energy -- for the production of Soviet airframes and aircraft engines.
The purposes of this report are to provide a progess re?ort, to iden-
tify significant inputs, to set forth some tentative findings, and to t ro-
mote cont'nuing discussions with those persons who may be of assistance
in this sturdy ?w by calling attention to further avenues of investigation,
by suggesving a sharcening of the methodologies employed, or by providing
some of the additional tools and information required*
Since this is a provisional working paper, some substantive shortcomings
and atatistical inconsistencies may exist, In some cases, theoretical
values and constants are subject to individual choice. In the final analysis
the fact that time and manpower are limited suggests that these scant re-
sources be applied to pushing on with the job at hand rather than to explain-
ing why minor inconsistencies may exist,
:Ana ysttaro referred for background information to the first provi-
sional report on the subject, CIA/RR "R-8, Input Re uirements of the Air-
craft Indus tr the USSR, 20 Oct 1951, T C
C~Rf~~TIAL
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C(flfTIAL
CONT1 NTS
Summary0 -. a ? o ? 0 a 0 a a 0 0. a a a a . . ...... 1
10 Commutation of Manna' er Input Requirements . a a a 0 0 0 a a o a 0 2
A0 Requirements for Airframe production 0. a a 0. a a a a a. Cf 2
Ba Requirements for Aircraft Engine Production. a o 0 6
II Computation of Material Input Requdrements o . . . . . 0 a a a
A. Requirements for Airframe Production . a a a a a a. 0. a a 0 8
B. Renuirementa for Aircraft Engine Production. . . . . . o a 0. 0. 9
III. Computation of Energy Input Requirements . .
0. a a a 0. 0 0 0 16
A. Requirements for Airframe Production a o a a 0. 0. a a. o a 16
130 Requirements for Aircraft Engine Production . . a .a . a a a 17
A dixes
Appendix A. Effective Work Factor . . . . a 0 o a a . . o . . . a . 0 26
Atmendix B. Bill of Materials for ffG 15 Drub Tanker 0 a . . . a a o 27
Appendix C. Comparison of I1-12 and USAF T-29A. . a . . . 0 0 0 0 O 28
Appendix Da Bill of Materials for USAF T-29A
Appendix Eo Data or$ Tyne 31 and Jum224a a a a
o 0 o 0 a a. a o 0. 29
O a 0 O O a O O o 31
Appendix F. Bill of Materials for J-8P>'S Engine. . . . 0 . a 0 0 0 0 33
Appendix G. Detailed Data on Energy Inout Requirements for Hypothetim g
cal. Airframe plants. a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0? 0 0 e 0 0? 0 0 0 35
Appendix Ho Interchangeability of Energy Sources in Aircraft
Production. . o o 0 o a. a a a a.. a. a o m. a a o b2
Anoendix In Data for Analyzing the !be of Energy by Ssources in the
Aviation Industries of the 'USSR and Czechoslovakia. a . L3
Appendix Jo Detailed Data on Energy Requirements for Hypothetical
Aircraft Engine Plaits a . . a a a . . . . . o ~ . . a 48
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CTIAL
Annendix K0. Gaps in IntelligenceO o 0 0 0 0 0 o n o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ffi 53
Appendix L Methodology a 0 v o o 0 0 0 0 v 0 0 o y o Q a o a o 0 0 54
Appendix M Sources and Evaluation of Sources . 0 0 v 0 0 0 0 0 e 0 0 55
Illustrations
Followin Paae
Figure 1. Manpower Requirements for Aircraft Engine Production.
Figure 2.; Energy Requirements for AirfrAi Production in the US
and the USSR Q O u O P ? 8 0 ? O O ? O O fe @ O p Y 0 O @ Q 16
(la d Separately)
Estimated Finished Weight and Bill of Materials for Kt(}' 15 Airframe and
Landing Gear
The over-all classification of this renort is
SECR TO Sorge tpages, howeverA, are of lower
classification and are so designated,,
CGN D fIAL
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?'A/R.'-19
a: Project 33-51)
Cog @E~,NTIAL
i !m'm'3.' ca or mg
AAA".' IUSMY (r THE
>fi rpo++9 r r quir , nt8 for Soviet airframe & ,id aircraft a agizxe produe-
trxcm base been cDrqpoated in this import for severaal r :1s which have
zeived co s de le study. The cc ut tions are based on an equation
25X1 X7 P .-we ug3ea. o xt of us and M experience . Future work cc z rpa*r require-
Yiar s : 3 sou 1nciu e std of ootber me 3.e1B; work on tr?peZ i rs, accesso-
ries, and spare p rt 3; and research 4med at determination of concrete
m a, for the variables u,eed in cc oputing z zz er ii putaa
The ,tt*riaal requirements of the Soviet airframe and aircraft engine
r.aht8tries have been computed in this report for the s am aircrart and
?frc tt engine co aaidered in computing manes requi1'r n ^nts CU the
ta8is of inputs for types cable for this purpoae., with allowance
iw.d. for known eatira .ted differences In the Soviet types. . Future work
e-
material. requir n mts sb u1d include steamy of additional types; veritic
i 3 of tentative weights; deterrthmfton of input veightz for propellers,
'tires, r doe, and ber equipment not included in the above tabulation;
0e,te ,ination of tb average pt c p ration. of rejects in Sooriiet plants; a
Lion of the number of spy parts required by Ube Soviet Air
ce per aiip .na mid engime.
T iv-, e4uer ' reciuaa nts of tlx: Soviet al-rfrawalk and eugi industries
v been conxputed in this report for as g,3^ n Wight of pro uct by ex .yz-
uvrvr-az data for checking ccor puted energy, Input, rs:guytc tits
t ' T of propeller axa?,i accessary plants, d acquisition and fine of a. ,itiona L
.r ? he err x guilvments of a hypa theticei plant in each industry's
'IV
u aissi~ng its. r egx ..rr, rents item la item and a (li.ng to obt .n total xegirtxe
auA a:s for each tyi e of e:z rMr. These co tstio sre been made on the
basis of US dataa eaxd roughly adjusted for t}, !SM with a such neager data
us are av 1ldble . Fz ure work on energy i3ipute should includ more detailed
research on each separate it n of equip nt and ea*sh press in the plant,
ro po t coast s k.n Info- ztion a it bie to CM as of 2.5 1952
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C: IDEM L
1. C ion o 1 Txmr input Re u3 .wants.
s nr: r inputs for Soviet airfra and aircraft engine production
25X1 X7 have been computed on the basis of an equation developed by ccbining
she work of and the vwk done during
World War 11 by Dr. T.P. Wright, then of the US Aircraft Production
Board. 2/
uir a for Airframe u
1.. The curve of maxi-hours per pound. of aircraft ver-sub percent of
m=tom output will vary in the same manner as the energy input curve. In
the case of energy, there exists a mi_nii or "maintenance" energy input
level, to which is added the Incremental energy needled for production.
aimilnrlyyy, in the cane of maupo r, there is an al mat cone tent "indirect"-
labor component,, plus the 9ncr ntal "direct" labor used in production.
to ratio of direct to total labor may run from 40 to 6o percent in Soviet
aircraft plmts at peak production. J These relations msy be expressed
by using the method developed by Dr. Wright
E D+ P +A
where E total workers
F indirect factory workers (assumed to be 50 percent proportional
to output and 50 percent independent of output)
D = direct factory workers (proportional to output)
A office, administrative, and other overbeed workers (arm d to
be independent of output.1
In terms of percent. of output, P,
E (p/loo) (D + F/2) + (A + F/2) (2)
if D = Wgl
(where W ratio o direct to total. workers at 100 .percent prc etion),
then,, substituting equation (3) in equation (1),
E100(1-w)- F + A
A ' Eioo (1-W) d F (4)
Substituting equation (4) i equation, (2),
E (P/loo) (D1oo + F/2) -t E1oo i-w) - F/2 (5)
Footnotes inin arable na rals are to sources list d in Appendix M.
O TIAL
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2. The n aer of t.rect ' ork ra viii decre&se with the uu, -
tive number of aircraft produced, Bong ? n "8O erceu t cure" or si ar
function. The general form of this egtution is
y r awn
In which, for a given nxxlel in a given plant,
y' iii.rect man-hours reri, cirad per pouzO, of airfr +r nu3 fiber "x"
a direct lit n-hors required per pound of + z'fr&,w number oix_
x cu t].ative airfr w 3 number
n {sc str t factor ( pre nting sly 11m)
From tae above equation y be obtained. the foilovring equation
I - direct workers ;
(6
N = z?airfrr s per month
G alrt r weight
c . , ,Y sMft-hours vor d
e effective work factor
it wabstituting equatixazt (6) in equation (5), the following
e-quation ;r be obtained for total ntunber of ' rk :a at the point Wien
,r i.rfra number t"za" of a givrn mi.Ael is being produced in. a given pla t-
E _ P/ico) ! + F/2 ' 9la.' 3 (7)
C-0
Eleven terms a conta:i% d. in equati.cm (7)
S. totl asuer of workers
P percent of cim u output being produced
na r of .rfrww;e beixaE', built per vxxth
x za aistive airfrimens of given e1 b irzg psrtxhe td
that pb nt
airfrwxe vrAght (atructura1) built in DI Ant,
r assth3y shift-hours worked
e effective work. Factor
.i.:rec?t mw--hoxwe per pound of first ai.rf ar produc* d.
as -p ntircl fat r
percent of direct tc total vorbrrs
W
F Hoa r of itnaU ct factory wf9r r s
Of the above 11 terms, 4 axe, var ble ..- ",Ef" (t3Je solution)
? i . To?," "N," a r x" (the prime vffi r ebiei) - and the otter&r 7 tern' i
e constants. It is upc the. accurate deterjd.za.tirat of ti vv ucs, o
the constants teat t1w validity of the solution dAr
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4. Sow work has been dog any each of the constants listed, but
the results leave much to be desiredt
a. Airframe structural heights "Q": this factor is kept
for same Soviet airs , not for 1.published CIiR aircraft plant
studies should be consulted for subcontracting as it affects the input
requirements of specific Soviet airfram plants.
b. Direct mean-hours per rand of airframe "a" t this factor
25X1 X7 has been estimate by the W-aiUbj- t 1S Force, ?/ but
not for Soviet aircraft. A method of determining analogies has not berme
evident.
matiy sources. 9 fever age vi a mwy be derived by airplane type, from
past performance, but means to predict values for new types are not evident.
The camcmonly used value for "n" Is -1/3.
d. aitb3 shift-hours "c": this factor has been studied by
25X1 X7
the V y CRR. ll A considerable amount of basic data
is to be fr $ in unpublished ORR Soviet aircraft plant studies.
Effective work falctor, ""e"t this factor has been studied
25X1 X7 by the aid d iscuseed br eM in the present report (see
Appen re work needs to be done an this subject.
f. Ratio of direct to total workers, "W", and nutr of
indirect factor wor re : sneers have been sc ssI on-
25X1 X7 us~Irr-ly the and by CM. )AA/
5. Values have been computed by the for direct 25X1 X7
man-hours per pound of the thousandth airfare of the types dealt with
in the present report. To use these data, equation (7) may be altered
by letting a1 z computed direct men-hours for the thousandth airframe
iced, so tiaat, if x : 1, 000, then, a' : e
B y the insertion: o f these values, equation (7) ' be made to read
is = (P/100) Rl M + p/2 + Rl (1-W) - "/2 (s)
ce
6. The other values chosen for the present report are as follows.
Three are based vn data 16 t 25X1 X7
C- 182 e= 0.70 W=0.0
The fourth is assumed, based on Dr. Wright's calculations 17/2
F~3A
if W " 0.5 and F 3A, then from equation (4) it follow:
F _ O?375E100
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By insert ng these values in equation (7),. an ec;uaticm is
Ob fined for output at 100 percent of cz ity:
820,,Ga' 0-37581m k O.5P,1flo _ - 0.375].00
+-' 2
y (2
.
2 0.7
0.5El00 = Dl00%
127.4
b 00~,
R100 !1-0-0!L . 0.0157 ? per aircraft
63.7
The equation for output at 20 percent of capacity is
20 (.2' , 0G,' + 0.375 5~a'~+ (0-312) (5)~e
(182) (.7) 2 '?'Y ?7
Ca' + (3e' + Gat s 0.03528 0a' per aircraft
?. 35-7 ?TVSV
7. By substituting in equations (10) and (11) concrete values
for.airfra structural weight "0" and direct am-hours per pound of
thotmandth airframe "86?", manpower inputs; may be computed for the produc-
tion of airframes. These are given in Table 1.
power Requirements for Soviet Airfr Production
0
t
t'banber of Workers Required
to Produce 1 Aim In 1. Mouth
Aircraft
(Airframe
Structural.
Weight) Lbs
a
(Direct Mn-
Hours p2r,Lb)
E100 (at 100 Percent
of C& aelty)
(at 20 Percent
G -1.5
1,000
1.66
104
234
11--12
i3,300 i4
1.56
326
732
-4
35,100 e
1.39
766
1,721
Li-2
9,100
3.03
973
11
-18
19,500 e j
1.73
530
1,190
Ty
re 31
49, 000 d/
1.00
769
1,729
a. 'or t h e tbouea dtb a3x?fzam o f a g i v e n VX46 groduced 1n a given plenty "". _
b. Based on analysis by US contractor. 16
c. Based on USAF' an iysis .
d. From earlier CIA/RR report. 20/
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R. Rec u3rmerats for Aircraft Engine Production.
1. For engines, curves of data such as that used above do not
exist A A makeshift set of curves, based on incexaplrste data, bas been
prepared The data axe given in Tables 2 and 3.
Dr_U for Computing W_ c+power Requirements for Piston Engine Production
Direct Labor
Reciuiremnts is/
Man_Hours
Displacement h/
Cu Ixc ,_
Take-Off Pc r b
(Brake me)
VK-107
2,500
2,135
1,630
DEE-:12
Am-42 and 45
3,000
2,850
1,975
VRE-12
Ash-21
1,100
1,410
690
Radlal- 7
Ash-82
3,300
2,495
1,825
Radial-14
Ash-9O
3
8
1,350
2,200
Radial-18
-11
,8
00
526
158
Radial- 5
R-335o-26W
2,000
3,350
2,200
Radial-18
25X1 X7~-, eaccept ?ox the f~ g for the R-335o-2 W, which is
taken from a CIA/RH report. 22/
b, Air Intelligence Center J_AtIC) figures. &3j
Table 3
Data for Computing Manpower Requireant s for Jet Engine Production
Direct Labor
Re uiruts a/
Dry Weight b/
Take-Of? Thrust b
b1
Engine Fin-hours
s
Weight, Lba
_.
_...
Russian Nene
5,000
1,850-1,900
4,9OO?5:104
Centrif -1-1
~.qD-45)
German 003
1,500-2,000
1,375
2, 250
,sxial flow-7-1
Russian 004
2,500
1,650
2,200
Axial flow-8-1
German 004
3,, 200
1,65o
2,200
Axial flow-8-1
(let)
German 004
850
1,650
2,200
Axial flow-8.1
(20,000th)
J-48 25X1X7
1,950
2,700
6,250
Centrifuga1-1-1
a report of a DS airczaft compaaa y 25
bo ATIC figures.
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One US authority 2f/ cites displacement as a superior index
. i v
rye _ as ?r+ .
^' s C- ) 0 r? _?'}
r I 1 e ,
i-~ D r4 CR
c=-4 rr{ C.,. r=,, .4 tTi t3 G?-e
S~.;~ CfJ vF
C-4 }
~~+ rr rrr4
:: - `~1 it U ? fk 0 _ Ca t)
:~k KtA }
0
i F1ii a J t^4 N ri
Pri V'
o es
s` C
i -~
IC) ?tea
t ! r o
Gs cf4 C. c t N
ka r--t3 E'? r w 0a e fl
+~ f C 1 i S r"- 1}
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5 E-C4E-T .
C an Of Ear R~ me.
A. quirements for Airframe Profit mtioin.
1. To estimate the probable ;energy requirements for Soviet alr-
frame production, a hypothetical plant. has been constructed for the US
and a Soviet counterpart has been constructed alongside it. The hypo-
thetical plants, US and, Soviet, based on a handy 1 million square feet
of floor area, are asses to turn out 700,000 pounds of airframe per
month, at peak capacity, using three shiftLAS FroPm US data, detailed
computations have been made of the energy required in the hypo-
thetical tE plant, and Soviet requIrements have been eetimasted therefrom
(See Appendix 0). (In other words, over-all efficiencies are assumed to
be the came.) A su y of these requirements is given in Table loo
Monthly Energy Requirements
for Bypot tical T and. Soviet Aim 'slants
(Estimated Mthly Capacity of 700,000 Pounds of Product)
At 100 Percent At 20 Percent At 3 Percent
of Ca it of Cs cif of Cos city
us Soviet Soviet US Soviet
Light
1,770
990
330
600.0
330.0
Comfort Heat
10,700
6,350
4,760
7,500.0
1+,760.0
Electrochemical
752
102
20
22.5
3.1
Process Heat
181
181
36
5.4
5.4
Po'ae ?
5,500
i,460
292
15.9
40.8
Miscellaneous
743
307
102
22.3
18.2
Run-%,
2,000
1,000
200
60.0
30.0
Total
1;6
322
55:740
81226a
The data given in Thsle 10 have been plotted, and from them a pair of
generalized curves of Btu per pound of airframe versus percent of produc-
tion capacity has been calculated"' and plottedlin Figu 2).
It shout, be noted that energy is presented in terms of British thermal
unite (Btu) rather than in units of coal, oil, gas, or. electricity. The
reason for this is the partial interchangeability of energy sources, includ-
ing ma power (as indicated in Appendix H)
Figure 2 follows p. 16
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S E-C-R-E-T
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 SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
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ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR
AIRFRAME PRODUCTION IN
THE US AND THE USSR
2 S~\\F 0 6~.A
fl
~
t\~s 1
Sr~~ ~
a
1 SN\~
S gHIfTS
2 HFTS
1 g,~IF~
sh ift
At any percent of capacity:
Btu/16.= (Btu/mo.) = (700,000 /bs/mo.)(percent capacity)
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GR 1257 CIA, 9.52 ~ECR~T Figure 2
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8E-C-4-E-T
2. There is me possible check on these data. Ina previoua1y
p u 1isbed CIA/RR study a value of 302, 030 Btu per yound of airfre vas
derived for the s Industry In 1947. / Peak Us production way about
9,000 aircraft per mmt'h In 1914, with about 10,000 pounds average air-
frame weight. 3/ If this rate -- 1,080 million pounds of airframe per
year -- is accepted as the US wa isaua rate, then In 1947, when US produc-
tion was at the rate of 1,888..000 pounds of airframe per year, the $ vas
operating at 3.6 percent cap ity. This percentage, wben plotted an
Figure 2, falls right on the calculated Brae. In view
of the fact, hovever, that each of the floor space available to the S
Industry at peak yr condition bad been retired by 1947, It may be more
reasonable to base the 1947 operating level on the amount of floor apace
actually available in 1947. To obtain tbie figure would require a
considerable amount of research and my be considered to be a project for,
the future.
3. It co of be assumed that distribution patter of energy
sources for the a, drama industries of the US and the USSR coincide.
Te order to determine the actual energy sources, s. survey v ms mew of
Soviet aircraft plant studies cc npleted to Webruary 1952 (so o
Ap>pe x 1) .., Thle field should be resurveyed when the plant and
pleat-ccwplex stutter bave been ca-rri6d to coapletioa. C the basic of
fragmentary evident:, the estimated maantbl y energy Input requiremonte
presented In Table 10 have been broken dmrn by source of energy. The
results are preaeuted in Table 11..
4. The data presented in Table 11 have been co ive=rtesi from Btu
into the appropriate physical unit for each form of eza ;rgy, and m ontbay
energy input requirements bave been coo ted in these tens per 100,000
pounds of airfrwoe produced. These results are presented in Table 11s.
B. Runts for Aircraft Engine Production.
1. To esatiraate the probable energy requirements for Soviet -
cr?aft engir productilcsa, the >s>tm+e method has been used as in estimtitng
the probable enemy requiremeas of the airfr a industry -- a hypo-
thet3caal prat boa been constructed for the US, and a Soviet connterp
ban been ea?tructed alongside it. The US plant has been sbee d against
the see li3 data used for the aiLirfrc industry. 34 in order to permit
to convenient use of certain data developed in estilasatbg energy req>sire-
r ants for all-tram Production, the floor area of the bypor etical ei 3CO
14 f 5 30
577
906
, bS a hr,~=
741 a/
307 a/
42
102 s/
-.:alp
Wit, 250 -
23,625 ,
2, 580
4,72
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4. The figu s given in Table 32 for ever y regt* a rats of
the 3aypatbeticat plant vhan production is running at 5.6 percent of
ee sit r have been caqptted for checking ag inst input figures avvfl ble
for tot .1 Vd aircraft engine prodacticn in 3,947, ubich is a timated to
have been at 5,6 percent at over-call, US cspaity.. accm g to the to c -
Ins renaming. Figtuea for total US a rcrai engine praduaUm velgbt
~ not a :iab3e for 1947. Total production as a pemutage of total
t;8pacity has been c&tcul,4;teed on the basis of the atverao mo they n rs
(1,763) and horaepm er (1,850,000) of aircraft engiuen ioroduced in 1947
in coon with the mooacthly r rs (24,000) and hafatepa iev (33 m l-
liou) of theme- p;craucea deb the peed rates reached, In 1944.
n " the ratio of produetIon In 1947 top ica in 1 Is 7.35
percent; by 1?p r it is 5.61 pew. Of these two figures far
monthly t19 proaiuottc at aircraft engines in 107 ads 'a per0outem at
hot poe+ez~
1944 peak prodwct1m, the ague of 5.63. pervert bed on.
bas been cbpsen for use In cbecking, the etauerg r requirements data, for
the ?bypotbe tica1 aircraft engine pleat agsinat the aver-ems,. t -data avail-
able toe 1947. The use of trice percentaep is *pan to the objection that
the basic data involve a couverciest of jet engLue tie-off th ast (for
1,$78 jet eng1a t) to eclttivale nt rude horsepower. A such &as serious
objection lies, bcwver, awinst the figuaro of 7.35 percent band to
na ry of englnea, which Ie certainly too high, slxice the 1944 peck dater
are mostly for :larger emu s than those produced in 1947.
5. On the basis that tote.]. US aircrer t engit PrOdMCUOM In 3.947
amounted to 5.61 percent of capacitor, the US energy, requawnts data for
1947 be cad with the date tathesized in Roble 12 for the bypc-
t'beticai aircraft engine int. The US energy retj ix nta d&ta, as shown
in Table 13,* avm=b to about 5.1 billion Btu per math per milticaa w are
feet of floor epee, a ti$ure sa t below the calculated re uiramnta
shown in ft axle 32 for they k7othaticall, is plant, cTeratnng at 5.6 percent
of capacity, which amtwata to about 7.9 billion 1 per month per million
square feet of boor 'space. The difference my be In as clegr*e cauaad
bey such factors no vaa3riati one in pex'eenta?e of area a-ad avera aim of
engi n. it aY' also, of cowrie, be caused by the matbod used for esti-
mating the perch of activity In 1947. As In the tale of eatiaa*t1ng
energy require nts for airfa proftattc t,, it shoulA be pointed out that
much of the floor area, available to the US inftwtry at peke war produetiaeci
In 19" bad been retired In 1947 and that it and xt be more reeaaoxaaable to
base rams estlmte of the 1947 ing le" l an the leaser awmil; of floor
space actually avallAble 14
c p. 22
- 21-
s E-C_R _T
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
Table 13
Coe $ive Data ca Energy Requiremmts
for Aircmtt Engine Produuctic
sea c Total w retry in 1947
(Floor Space, 105,315)000 S re Feet)
T"e of Farr
Bituminous coal
Fuel Oil.
0a8
Anmal F.eqvlraments
in Pbysica3. Th ilts
127,000 short tons
3 ,000 bble
Natural 231,000,000 cu ft
ufactured 395,000,000 cu ft
fl.xed 9,000,000 cu ft
Electricity 331,OO0,000 Imb
T?tal Annual Requtre--
mente
Avery F ,t BO TAM-
meats
Averap Y=tbly ajf. 'e-
i nts per 1.=Ulidn
sq,ft
(Avers a Maitb1r
1` a uiremonts for US
Hypothetical P1s$ at
5.6 Percent of Cape-
city)
'71ited energy rail
f production (Table lo).
Asap nts
converted
mim Ilion
3..300
1,620
69452
51].
5.137
(7.915) W
231
197
L,11O
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
6. Obvioua1y, the calculations of a rgs fipt t requLmm s for
aircrew engine production are band on less firm groin than those for
airfr products, -and they are subject to mntfictt1o as a result of
study nsr being caudur.d by Oft.
7. ', estit ted monthly energy input reIus r rats by use for
the hypothetical Soviet aircraft engine plash, presented in Table 12.,
}save been broken down by source of energyr, on ? sere bmais as was used
in I)reakIna on the rents for the IVpothetiC 3. Soviet airfrome
plant. The results ere presented in Table 11j.*
8. The. data preswted in Table 14 bave been coa'erd from Btu
into the apprqpriate pb iea]. unite for each form of energy, and momtWy
energy Snpix eats have been c d In these term per 100,000
pounds of a i m e n g i xe produced. T h e results, c l e to the
presented for airframe pa tic* In Table 1a, are presented In Table 14&-O*
])& fV3.1o s on p. .
Table 14a f flow to p o 2
2 r
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
i:i
(A 11
44` .
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 : CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
E .4 f-
t
f 1 C2 G C,
p.
t
cm CoS.
db +a: 0
44 i-4
f! G?
q ;. &t
C
r, ~33 4b
(j ad c1.
t-6CO f-Im
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/ I RUP79-01093A000300020003-1
APPEM IX A
"Effective work factor" is another texas for "productivity" or
"efficiency.to This factor has been the subject of mush dispute in the
past. Estimates of its value have been tempered by opinion rather than
bolstered by fact. It is hoped to achieve factual support of a final value
by breaking "efficiency" into Its constituents and evaluating theta. This
has not yet been eerioueiy attempted, but one 'At of pertinent data is at
hid. The average horsepower of Soviet macbin tools is 7.5; the aver?e e
horsepover of US tools is 15. If It is ar4sslmatntl Energy Requirements for Miscellaneous Purpcsea
for Hypothetical t3 and Soviet Airframe Plante
ILM
sew eat
Y11~M4
Aretif Sera 3 0 24 v 130 amp
3,992;o4o
1,000,0
Dust Collector 10 5 hp
1,590,000
0
Air Ccaa rressor 2 0 5 hp
3,18C,000
3,1&0,000
Vac on Puonp 1 0 1 hp
318,000
Drug Scrubber 2 0 1/4 hp
477,000
C
Spray Guru 17 * I hp
5,410,000
Dryer l J 3/4 hp
23 ,000
0
Blueprinter 15 1 hp
4, l C 0000
2,000,COG
Tensile Teeter 1 +0 2 h
636,000
636,000
Vent D wt Tester 1 C) '1 hp
2,390,000
0
Autos and Trucks A/
720,000,000
30,CCO,OC
Total
743102
306,616,000
a. Drt 100 vehicles, at 60 gals per engine per month, The
per gal, an 20,000 Btu per lb.
**f&-arjK
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 Approved For Release I 999/0 2k. JU- DP79-01093A000300020003-1
Frc Table 25, the following values are taken 1\r the hypothatic:al air-
frame plants:
Input requirama ta. for energy for miscellaneous purpoaee at 100 percent of
capacity,
OS:
743,002,040 Btu per month.
Soviet:
306,816,000 Btu per month.
Run-up fuel is calculated at 2,000 horsepower per engine for 2 haute, 1
pow d of fuel flex horsepower hour and 20,000 Btu per pound, for 25 aircraft
per am nth:
(25) (2,000) (2) (1.0) (20,000) : 2 billion Btu per month.
The Soviet plant require nta are aaeumed to be oneg x x z
Hrazirg x x x x
Explosive
Riveting x
Refrfgerstion x x
Foundry x x x
Paver
Forming
shear x
crake x
Rona x
Rmiter x
Drop Hammer a x
Sheet Streti' hers x
Ptms?h Preer x
nrsas x x
Pipe Borders x
Lathes x
V411ing Machines x
Shapero
Planers
Drill Prsases
is 1 Drills x
Nibblers x
ft t Rumors x
Serev [vtrrzs x
Rtvetere
Head )!ill tars x
Pinishing
Shot Peening x x
Send Pla iug x X
x x
Painting
Transport, ng
Cranes x x
Carts IV lg = x
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 Approved. For Release 1999/09 P79-01093A000300020003-1..
Vxomdtwtion of a partial survey of Soviet Aac?! C zecho13Zoveit en aircraft
7 c no
atoo tba , c
orTa a of the 40 s
Percent), Of so far the remaining, 27 plants, electric on we,
Power
g'e'es Into the plant from outside in lE cases, is irxt all~r generated by,
coal In 3 ea s, by diesel in 1, and by t r fated means (probab'lyr coil) an 2
care. Cceafort. beat soews to be vupplied by coal in 16 caeev, oil in 1
fte., gas in 2 cases, In zIne cases there is no indication mesas beat
is obtained tr= coal In tuo cases, gas in three canes, oil in one case,
electricity in one case,
Ou the basis of the above fragmentary data, the following uses have been
c7`.
Tentative Breakdown ot 'Uses of Energy by Source
In Soviet and Czechoslovakian Aircraft Plants
.11etttrtc t ow*r
PrG esa NW-If;
+yo*f'orl. Beni,
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 Approved For Release 1999/JW.,tRDP79-01093A000300020003-1
Table 28
Data Available o the Ilse of Energy by wcee ire Aircraft F3.anta
In the MM and C zechoo l o is
Tum
Inn
Tbilisi
Gor kiy
No.. 31
No , 21
Coal, oil, nnd electric procese
furnace.; C entrta beating by
coal. Electricity from looml
grid, with tact vi;andfby plant.
Electricity from city grid..
Coal heat,
Moscow (Thimici)
No.. 301
Electricity from outside of p1mxst
Coal heat.
~..~ 2ion
Novoaibirek
No,. 153
Electricity -from city grid.
tk
No, 166
ectricity from 'ity grid..
T*shkeat
No, 81j
Electricity,
Tanhkent
No 61;B
Electricity from city grid.
311
No. 39
Coal- fired plant sappiied power
to plant and town.
rO. 99
Electricity f -czra city grid.
Had standby plant.
Kul' A
No, 126
One power plant, coal-fired.
Xomsomol. + elc
Na. 130
Electricity .from city grid.
Senovka
No,
Electricity from city grid,
Had standby plant.
Krasnoyarsk
On power p1 ant .
0. 44 JO
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 Approved For Release 1999/J*IAZRDP79-01093A000300020003-1
Table 28
Da wa Avai ble on the Vae of Energy by Sources la kircraft Plant,
in the 3i$!t and C sechoslovekja
(Continued)
wedg ?.1 n
Archangel
?Gatchina
Ea.[ gopo'l 8
LOMIngrad
Leningrad
mo .. 162
No. 381
a gt'acI
Le
4hrraA
Leningrad
No 211.
No , 3
Nori 7
Leningrad
Nos. 23t 2 2
Leningrad
No. 40
No. 135
i'} rapt:
tdo report
Flan own power station (heating)
No report.
No report.
No report
No report.
( gee pal-t s) el ec} r i ti :i J': tm
city grid. N4ating plant usos
from 10 to IOC tone of coal, per
day (reports vary). Probably 10
tow to comfort beat and pro r res
steam, 60 tons to forges, eta
Floor area L*, 4M sq, ft.
Meictr1.city from city grid. Hatt
f'rona coal (wood) boiler house,
not often used,
Electricity from city grid.
Central heating plant, uses coal
and *oilstone.* Gas frog city
na in all parts of plant
Electricity from city ggird
Central heating by oil-ftred
Flout
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 :I CIA-RDP7 A1'093A0003,Ofl020003-1
able 2
DMA Av+ . b1e az t 1i ~_ fl-f rg L -Y ~ ~A :#ax Airrrrit, Plante
in t hr S SP s
L t.! ' Kul
tr~~ a-tcr+x h
Gas ` tj .t;J, *a1ve, f ~- '
treat., Di ns al-g taorstt.
be~~tt~
l'ysorsny "l ant chi')
truer Workat,
N*tion Corpoaati r b
4sierw t' vi Plant)
~ 4,6
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 t
Approved;p r "Release I999/OJ/21 : CIA-t DF 7 4.-011093A0q'0 002000 -~I
M2ahi t t,
1519 rpig .1041. 11W.
t a rca". klo'. I, I St .o '.i.
{ ~r~.t 'v: elf X? f. ~ j
j rAm',{^
l of rye~.s. y %, mite *~,., Vyt Mkc
Co raft im, }. traaag
.. ,7-
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t':tel. a;m i
Tab lo d
 Approved For plea0e I 999/ RDP79-0"1093A00030,002000
iU f DO11 It
fo ? tie p1. nt, wvht:cah In assumed to haves I mil. ton sgt*re feet, of floor
t ems. of .hie report .. '?t. r~xtd Soviet xe+ uireasexxta have l :~+a xt
m,uirce ,ee xts for the h ntheV :al alldraft engine ptarxte neidarr4 In
Bared on 1 expmx: sl, detailed c . *t ioi bav be ft ,
s and a m a x i m a capa t y to p oa tats 675 OCO 0 + u a o
f a ar t"t eaganti
for the hypothettoal airframe plants (presented to Appendix C),
.terse have boon taken, as .ixxdi.oate d he1oi directly from the fi res ecwAAod
per month, -timing 3 shifts, 8, h re e+ h, 25 (or 26) t~ * moth, he
apa it g G e in
ft.gexras preee ed bet ewe- for p odtttioxu at IM.IMM
itL.a ents for light. In the hypotn+ tir+al airframe plants, val4va have been
obtainer for t: ^.e ve,9rior. u xises of light per hoair in the h-yCwthet-off: air rest
3y the mane method used el ov a (in Apper4c3 ix ?) In romp,xt lnpuA r
nginrr p1ant,s ;ae shown in Table ?q,
t?% .hi a 29
y ix psi ,its ju . +~rserxt for t,tght t T13 and Savi. Aircraft Engine Plaqto
Crusts A reaa 1? r2"1,C sq., ft,)
Fmz. CNpdj gig
'ln.e-tt'.lax~
t ssemlxly
Test
Plant? ai .ex -
Tool .r?iba
Master S 1e baxic's
1- 'Le
ateti i.ng t i1.ittas
Off:Lt:#*..o
1csl.ep
total
65 1,033+642
IOc I3y NO
15 237,152
15 960566
1r1y722
15
~
20 83,,149
6tZ 18C,67~
15 623r950
1.5 16.77
;:
15 55878
20 335,
IC; 497,693
5 605, 314
4-8 '
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 Approved For Release 1999 L 1 iiit-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
?rce* the inputs for light in kilawitte per hour 'give. in Table 22, the
.failovI g vaslues are obtained for kwh per month requ Wed Q 1C3 -perca t
capacity for the hypotbetiral aircraft engine plants (areas 1 WIT Ion squaxle
.feet) 567,000 kwh for the US plant an 3'),t ksrh for the Soviet plant}
.3y using the eonveraei.ou factor I kvh a 3,412 Btu, the following values
are c htain.+ for the hyp?athet Teal aircraft engine plants:
bnput r uiresment?s for light at ICC percent of capacity;
tft;s 1,93 S,00C,CUC vtu per month.
sovialt t 1,165,0D0,000 situ per mouth.
TO requirements for comfort beating are the same in the hypothetical air.-
craft Linea pleats as in the hypothetical airframe plants (in Appendix G) as
follows
Input requirements for cc .tort heating at I.OC pereOvt Of reparity:
t3:: 1007O0,00C,000 Btu per month.
Soviet : 6, 350,000,,000 Btu per iu ath ,
equ.tr ntss for elec =haal ai. provesees in the t thetical US and soviet
e1reraft engine plants are taken to be the came as for the hypothetical air-
frame plants (in Appendix G) as fo11Qvs a
input re uireimefts for. lectroc semi t p' ves at 100 percent of capacityl
US:
751, 933, 50f' 8tti per nth
Soviet:
101.933, ;4 Btu par month:
Yor hoot-treating, by +.azix, the same method as noel l above (in Appendix G)
for Use hypothetical airframe plants, the input requirements obtained eeme to
about 65 million fltu per month for the hypothetical aircraft engine pleats, at
ID:.` p*reant of capacity.
Melding and soldering input requirmwents for the hypothetical aircraft
engine ?L ants are assumed to be roughly double those of the airframe plets
,given in Appendix G), or about C)C, COC) Btu per month,
, 49
a ?"Vii" 9." C-4- :
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 PIAM s ,9
~ bW' U46 US*
t ,? "w' the J4& bill of ^ateriala
1 `rte' * to The V*ight of forge c sstt itiaw in the
Th obtain 1 4z t a for the h thet tc arc art p uwT
jl-
VA, 9 Paz to obtsi
for"'" f , the ,0
and
f e 1 ' a# craft engine plant and an a ~" t` r the
ccrresp din Sovi+ plant
{l 0"a , 7 ~ry~,OO0 (160
sue) x 357, 575,400 1 to per south,
*M to tither the alx ve figures for t!i3 regt 3rme3lta haat4.reattng,
Input requiTadants for "cae
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 AppWO F?r.Release 3999/09/21: CIA-RDP79-01093AQ00'3 Q 0 r1
Mort-U iy ii.:ptaf r43q`2ire 'j? to for pcwer IL tte put tics: JS ?L:>fi S:
w jo
craft W ID" 011.414t a gl'verL In tat?,:o 3C,
tab it 30
a zrLy ApUt 1t041. reme it.s of a .r
tear US Aircraft E ;i: e P t
(Pia3'i .rea: +,727,OO6 S; .Ft>`
Pori
Broach
Drill.
Fear Cutter
Oriaerrs
Lathes
Millers
miscell o?a?
Bells
'z'esaew
Var ica i, Hydraulic,,
WNW , vex'
55TOAve
Pouch and shears
?orgii r&
Riveting Mach z
Thr+ ad; Rall ra;
Bier I`
of 4ech .ues M h c Sour
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 Approved Fair ReIea a 1';999/09/21 CIA-RDP79 ?1 a3A0i ,Qfl02,'
run 3,0 x'C, or about the now an In the '{JS plant,rvtth the inception of
certain it+a (rolls, riveter a s chlrom, and thread rollers) of which the
Soviet plot i is as d to have name. The soviet a* Wit-
fie of 7.5 horeepa (see Append x A ) , as against:
a~ga inst 15 hiorsep~eir for they
U'S whines'. The
paver
s
re ui~,ent
of a comparable Soviet plant '.s u1
A
a
/
y~
thus aanonnt y i+o ,000) (!.5) a 22,500 hor1sepover par hour.
545) (hp)/ k' .,72 )_ as Bt per month. S sing this equatio i a ad the values, i1i
`.able '30, the following values are obtained for the b pothettae a .s^ ,rt
sqt rei feet comrertiaw at 2, 545 Btu per .r*s ra hour) (2 (0
r"or the h otbetia"a1 aircraft engine plaints, vita, AA area of 1 .11 Uc
For 3 shifts, 26 daya per mouth, assay# a 0 p ent 3 isat u a to r.
It req zti nts Saar povrir at 100 percent of r~apa,a-ity;
US : 10,300 ,0 C, Stu Per month.
Soviets 4,530,000,000.. Btu per wqu.
Vcmthly input requirements for energy form elleneoua p
take, to be t;te ease se for the hypothetical. a3 `name plants
as.01UPwo, At 1 -perca t capecity
U." I
?43,002,040 Btu per mouth.
kwiet; 306,816,000 13?.u per month,.
US requ r to at 1:,.500 horsepower per miner f'or 11 ]houra, grew ray aud
b . rs fiw1 run, 250 engines per month, 0,7 pound per horsepower, and
26,")0C! Btu per pound;
54'0,3 (9) (2-50' (20,CC-:3) z a702500,CCO Stu p,&r month.
.
No ftulov ce In made for re -bmat$or- of energy. ' ha Sovist p -t re a ?the
'
l st 47,250,
000,000 Btu per meat hh.
/
Soviet: 23,625,000,+1 00 Btu pir Ohin.
52.
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are P.ssu d to be about one?4a&tr the
US plant regUi.re!>swit3.
foMvin values are used .fore, this hypothetical a aircraft err
n p3a.~t.s a
Input re quiresents for rtin'?Y-up fuel at 1CO percent of capacity.
 Appraved' Fir?~1'~ '999/0'9/21 CIA-Rf'94i 09: QOO . O2'.
5ev atx't 'at"t~~ t 4 * o1 1 e it& a t
gtT
1!? .
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/21 CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
S'R" Wn L
Meow noY
This entire rot rt is an exercise in mathodologr w. spee1kfically? in the
dRvreloneent of US analogous factors aplieable to the study of in-nut require-
amts in the aviation industry of the US.%, In devplonin analogous factors
for the study of eac`, of the tyres of inrut reemiremente dealt with in this
report ?? raa *' o*er, matrri:al, and ever -? the methods used have 'peen do-
25X1 X7 rived from and tested aRainat us exnerienes. a ltcdti on of
these methods to the aviation industry of the U^ 3R invol v-e a 1arpe element
of 3udMent, and the resulting cetimrtea of Soviet input re iremqe~ntws are
at best illustr4ti.ve of the ;General order of tagnitl1de of the Soviet re-
en#irenents, As indicated below in Anpendixea L and N the kind and extent
of 1nfox tion available an the aviation industry of the US" vrecludes its
being used at the resent time to cross-oh sck estimates 'based on US. analogy
of Soviet input reouiremmnte fan this industry.
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 25X1 `pproved For Release 1999/09/21: CIA-RDP79-01093A000300020003-1
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt
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 Approved For. Release 1999/09/21 CIA-RDp79-01093A000.30Q02O O -1.
25X1A
25X1A Asu M061 8-29 9ottn Airplane 0 _ any, 20 May 19L50 .
bMw
on Coroo A' 48?1 North AmericM ti and ardration, , 9 May 1951,
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