THE EXCLAVES OF WEST BERLIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00825R000100670001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1967
• Content Type: IR

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SELIV
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Report
THE EXCLAVES OF WEST BERLIN
SECRET
March 1967
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP I
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
dedocsificatlaq
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 Approved For Release 2000/05/31 : CIA-RDP84-00825R000100670001-2
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I . Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. General Characteristics . . . . . . 2
III. Exclaves Attached to Bezirk Zehlendorf . . . 3
IV. Exclaves Attached to erk Spandau . . . . 4
V. Eiskeller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
VI. Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table
(following page 5)
Map
(following page 5)
The Exclaves of West Berlin (55704)
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S-E-C-R-E-T
THE EXCLAVES OF WEST BERLIN*
Introduction
The disposition of a number of small exclaves claimed
by West Berlin will be a thorny if secondary issue in the
event of negotiations to settle the status of the city.
These exposed outliers are physically separated from West
Berlin by East German territory. They are significant
mainly because they provide the USSR with a ready means
of testing Western resolve. Their status is uncertain be-
cause of the failure of the Allies to establish definite
city boundaries at the conclusion of World War II. From
time to time the Soviets and the East Germans have chal-
lenged the legality of Western claims to certain of these
areas and the right of exclave property owners and resi-
dents to transit intervening East German territory. Al-
though the controversy has been dormant in recent years,
it could be revived should the USSR deem such a course
advantageous.
I. Origins
The origins of individual exclaves are obscure. They
may be traced to the subdivision of villages and rural
estates before World War I, as the fragmentation of land
and administrative areas is an ancient feature of German
rural settlement. Their continuation to the present is a
consequence of the agreements that established Allied ocu-
pation areas and responsibilities at the end of World War
II -- the Protocol signed in London on 12 September 1944
and the subsequent amendment to that agreement of 26 July
1945. According to these agreements "Greater Berlin" was
designated a special area to be occupied jointly by the
signatory nations -- the United States, United Kingdom,
France, and the USSR. The city was specified to be the
territory identified as "Greater Berlin" in the Prussian
Law on the Formation of the New Municipal Community of
27 April 1920. It was further stipulated that Bezirke
boundaries within "Greater Berlin" were to be those es-
tablished by the 27 March 1938 decree published in the
Amtsblatt der Reichshauptstadt Berlin.
* This report was produced solely by CIA. It was pre-
pared by the Office of Basic Intelligence and coordinated
with the Offices of Current Intelligence and National
Estimates.
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S-E-C-R--E-T
Problems regarding the legal status of exclaves arise
from the failure of either the 1920 law or the 1938 decree
to describe adequately the boundaries of "Greater Berlin"
and its constituent communities. "Greater Berlin" was cre-
ated by the union of 94 formerly independent administrative
areas, ranging from large urban settlements to small vil-
lages and rural estates. Some of the areas incorporated
apparently were fragmented into sections before 1920, and
the law of that year did not stipulate their precise exter-
nal boundaries. While the 1938 decree described the inter-
nal boundaries of the Berlin Bezirke, it also failed to
establish the exterior limits of the city. The continuing
uncertainty about exclave status reflects the ambiguity of
these documents.
H. General Characteristics
See Table following page 5)
Even the number of exclaves is a matter on which there
is no general agreement. West Berlin claims there are 11,
but some of these are not shown on most West German city
plans because of their minuteness or distance from the
city (see Map 55704); most East German and Soviet maps
acknowledge the existence of only 6 or 7. West Berlin
maintains that a 12th area, known as the Eiskeller (Teu-
felsbruch), is not an exclave. Five of the exclaves claim-
ed by West Berlin are grouped administratively with Bezirk
Zehlendorf and six with Bezirk Spandau; only four are cur
rently under the effective control of West Berlin.
All of the exclaves claimed by West Berlin are located
southwest or northwest of the city. The nearest are but a
few yards away and the most distant are only about 4.5
miles beyond the city limits. :[n terms of area, economic
worth, and population, none of them are of importance. Al-
together they comprise only 282 acres; they range in area
from less than 1 to about 117 acres; more than half are
smaller than 10 acres. Except for the village of Stein-
stttcken, which is chiefly residential, the bulk of the land
in exclaves is used for agriculture -- mostly meadow and
garden -- or for other nonurban purposes. Only two exclaves
-- SteinstUcken and Wttste-Mark --- are definitely known to be
inhabited; in addition, a few persons may reside in Finken-
krug, which is under East German control. The Eiskeller
area also has a small number of residents.
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III. Exclaves Attached to Bezirk Zehlendorf
Of the five exclaves claimed by West Berlin and joined
administratively to Bezirk Zehlendorf in the American sec-
tor, only two -- Steinstticken and WUste-Mark -- are under
effective West Berlin control; together they account for
89 percent of the total area (95 acres) of the exclaves
subordinate to that Bezirk.
Steinstticken, located nearly half a mile south of Zeh-
lendorf, is by far the most important of the West Berlin
exclaves, and it has been the focus of most of the past con-
troversy over exclave status. Its permanent population has
fluctuated between 150 and 200 persons during the entire
postwar period. A varying number of so-called "second" res-
idents, persons who live in West Berlin proper or in West
Germany, are permitted to visit relatives or friends in
SteinstUcken, and designated individuals are allowed to
enter the exclave for professional, service, or supply pur-
poses.
The Soviets and the East Germans have not formally ques-
tioned the status of Steinstfcken as part of the American
sector of Berlin since 1952, but they have periodically ob-
structed access to it across East German territory. Most
of this harassment has been directed against nonresidents
using the single road available for travel between Stein-
stUcken and West Berlin. Residents of the exclave, on the
other hand, generally have been allowed relatively free
movement between these points.
Wtiste-Mark, the largest of the Zehlendorf exclaves, is
situated southeast of SteinstUcken and about 0.7 mile south
of the West Berlin border. It consists almost entirely of
farmland. Other than the one permanent resident of the
area, only two persons -- a tenant and a farmhand -- are
permitted entrance from West Berlin. Soviet and East Ger-
man authorities have not interfered with the free movement
of these individuals since June 1958.
Lying nearly 1.75 miles south of Zehlendorf, the Nuthe
Wiese exclave has been incorporated for all practical pur-
poses into East Germany. This exclave consists of farm-
land and at the time it came under East German control it
did not have permanent residents. The land in this exclave
is believed to have been incorporated into the field system
of adjoining properties. Access by residents of West Berlin
has not been permitted since about 1952.
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S- E- R- -r
Parcels A and B are two microscopic exclaves that lie
only a few yards from the West Berlin border within the
small East German salient extending north of Glienicker
Lake. Other than the fact that they are claimed by West
Berlin, nothing is known about them. They have been under
East German control during the entire postwar period and
have never been mentioned in discussions or documents per-
taining to exclaves. Because of their extremely small
size they are overlooked on all but large-scale maps.
IV. Exclaves Attached to Bezirk Spandau
The six exclaves of West Berlin that are administra-
tively subordinate to Bezirk Spandau have generally been
much less controversial than those of Bezirk Zehlendorf.
So far as can be determined only two of the exclaves of
this group -- Fichtewiese and Erlengrund -- are under ef-
fective West Berlin Administration; together they account
for about 5 percent of the total area (187.8 acres) of the
Spandau exclaves. Fichtewiese and Erlengrund are used as
weekend gardens by the members of two private societies
and their friends, the only persons allowed to transit the
narrow intervening strip of East German territory. About
325 persons are given this privilege. Neither Fichtewiese
nor Erlengrund has permanent inhabitants, although a num-
ber of cottages have been built on individual garden plots.
The other exclaves of this group apparently are under
the de facto administration of East Germany. With the
possible exception of Finkenkrug, these exclaves probably
have no permanent inhabitants and are of little intrinsic
worth.
V. Eiskeller
West Berlin maintains that Eiskeller is not an exclave
because it is joined to the main part of the city by a nar-
row roadway lying within the legal city boundary. This
relationship is generally indicated on large-scale West
Berlin maps of the city. Most East German maps, on the
other hand, deny the existence of the connecting corridor
and show Eiskeller as a true exclave. Border fences par-
allel each side of the road, and at the present time there
are no barriers to obstruct traffic between Eiskeller and
West Berlin. Eiskeller has been the subject of several
past confrontations between the British and the authorities
of East Germany and the USSR, but the area and its access
road have been under the control of West Berlin and Western
authorities throughout the postwar period. The area has a
small civilian population and is occupied by a detachment
of West Berlin police.
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VI. Prospects
West Berlin authorities will probably continue to main-
tain a claim to all exclaves. In the event of negotiations
to settle the question, however, discussion might well be
limited to areas actually under effective West Berlin con-
trol -- the exclaves of Steinstttcken, Wttste-Mark, Erlengrund,
and Fichtewiese and the outlying Eiskeller. The USSR and
East Germany have challenged Western rights to these areas
in the past, and it is possible that in the future they may
attempt to abrogate or modify the agreements now regulating
travel and assert their own claims. Although Western author-
ities have not renounced their rights to the remaining ex-
claves, they may find it difficult to challenge the reality
of East German control.
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A. Exclaves attached
to Bezirk Zehlendorf
B. Exclaves attached
to Bezirk Spandau
Lasszinswiesen
Grosse Kuh-Lake
Finkenkrug
C. Eiskeller
(Teufelsbruch)
Area
(Est. in Acres)
187.8
1.2
Oct 1951: about 200
permanent residents
Feb 1956: 150 per-
manent residents
Oct 1958: 169 per-
manent residents,
203 "second" resi-
dents
May 1962: 165 per-
manent residents,
346 "second" resi-
dents
Apr 1965: 181 per-
manent residents,
623 "second" resi-
dents
May 1966: 1 permanent
resident
Probably a few
inhabitants
Probably no per-
manent residents
Probably about
10 permanent
residents
Residential
village
Vacant plot
in a pre-
dominantly
residential
district
Appears to
be part of
a roadway
Agricultural;
used by a
private so-
ciety for
gardening
Natural
preserve
Mostly
wooded;
some res-
idential
Probably
agricultural
"Civilian traffic to Steinstttcken travels along
a road approximately 1,100 meters long and 3
meters wide which connects Steinstttcken with
West Berlin. Inhabitants who are Steinstttcken
residents may use the access road if they pro-
duce a Berlin identification card (Personal-
ausweis), persons who have a second residence
in Steinstttcken must also produce a police reg-
istration certificate. Persons having a second
residence in Steinstttcken do not live there;
they are relatives and friends of permanent
inhabitants of SteinstUcken. Lists of the per-
manent and second residence citizens are sub-
mitted to the East Germans at intervals of
approximately six months for purposes of police
control. In addition to those mentioned above,
only the following persons are also admitted on
occasion to Steinstttcken: Certain doctors and
postal employees; Ambulances and fire brigades
without pass control; Certain trucks carrying
supplies, such as coal, wood, furniture, and
food."
"WUste Mark is reached via the Helmstedt Auto-
bahn by way of Dreilinden. At the Soviet Zone
checkpoint, a road 300 meters long leads to the
Exclave. The single permanent resident may
enter upon presentation of his identification
papers. Otherwise only two other persons are
permitted to enter this area - the tenant and a
farm hand."
Under East German control; access from West
Berlin not permitted.
Under East German control; access from West
Berlin not reported.
"Entrance is restricted to members of the
Wochenendgemeinschaft Erlengrund e.V. (Erlen-
grund Weekend Society Inc. and their friends,
totalling some 250 individuals. They enter by
way of a 100-meter long road from West Berlin
after presentation of identity papers and the
Society's membership card. A list giving the
names of the holders of these cards is main-
tained by the East Germans. There are no per-
manent inhabitants in Erlengrund."
"This exclave is similar in nature to the Erlen-
grund exclave. It is used exclusively by a
private society, the Sport- and Wochenend-
gemeinschaft 1921 e.V, The same East German
controls apply to its membership of approxi-
mately 75 West Berliners,"
Under East German control. Access from West
Berlin not reported.
Not considered an exclave by West Berlin
authorities. Area and access road from Bezirk
Spandau are under control of West Berlin.
a. Data for Steinstttcken, Wttste Mark, Erlengrund,and Fichtewiese are taken verbatim from: US
Mission Berlin, Berlin Accessways, Transportation, Communications and Utilities, May 1966,
Unclassified.
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 Date Comments
CIA-FAD $4 0 51; 0100670001-2
SJ ccv - A-jr v'Q- Urvv
An ro Fb R I' a e~ Ob(T#05f3'k' A 4`'
 Date
23Mar66
_ 29kpr6o
rK
..............
i
Text STATINTL,
F 105134--:
says they will probably
hare to arrange for this.
GD/E has rec. response
now await ngi en-
..c osures that will come-through
Pearcy/State. i~ N-
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STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
STATINTL
CIA-RDP84-00825R000100670001-2--
 Due: Open
18Jan65
2Feb65
2Mar65
15Mar65
3Ma365
lJun65
30Jun65
lJul65
2Rug65
3Jan66
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PIM written; work initiated
Writing to start early Feb.
Slowed down in Feb~-by more urgent work
for OCI
In abeyance
Research resumed
Typing of part of draft completed.
Most areas. for which info.available
have been written. Still neces. to
locate -elusive info. on 2 exclaves.
STATINTL
Ret.to Br. Sent to OCI for comment, and
later transmittal for field review
Will o to for review in Oct
Draft text still in OCI awaiting act ion.
STATINTL
STATINTL
26Jan66 1 Ditto
STATINTL
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Requester:
63.221 9 Exclaves of West Berlin
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ject V 65.22+9
' , ..t jxOBI STATINTL
R-o , .t r STATINTL
D*,-a(ili n'{t. fc.t 6+: d . F,. ..~! l' yf.''~. ?~ . .f. fs.: .~ i,
{la t'ii4Y Sr L.'~h
10 Jan 67
Iv k.r ? v~. i-y^'y
F- -Ii ?'tiotoil L?'2.
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.i... .A C.
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 0 p ~I
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I
1
X
RESEARCH ACTIVITY NOTICE
SUBJECT
PROJECT NUMBER
The Exclaves of West Berlin
53.2219
SUBJECT CODE
REQUESTER
REQUESTING OFFICE
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
TARGET DATE
Requester originally wanted historic" locational and
014M
demographic information on the West Berlin exclaves to
ANALYST/BRANCH
include in an OCI bga: ound paper supporting U. S. reviev
boundary problems. Draft refit was submitted to 001
is }/EZ''
25X1 A with. request that coy be to Clear
EST. ANALYST MANHOURS
up several gape. Immediate need for paper passed and
OCX never sent Although not urgent, the
25X1 A
need for this data still exists. OCX has agreed should
uj.4ate the paper and issue in final form.
COORDINATION REQUIRED FROM
CD/BI : prepare about 9 maps..
OTHER CIA:
NON-CIA : rdinate with Office of ographerl, Dep. 4f State
APPROVED
xam }
CHIEF, . ope Branch, GD{ SI DATE 9-,_1eP66
REPORT RECORD
TITLE
REPORT NUMBER
CIA/BI G
AREA CODE
SUBJECT CODE
PUBLICATION DATE
ANALYST/BRANCH
INITIAL NO. OF COPIES
MANHOURS EXPENDED
CLASSIFICATION
DISTRIBUTION
ANALYST
TOR TYPIST
EDI
TS
C
STANDARD
^ CONFIDENTIAL
J SECRET
Z 66M 2594
25X1A
 -' T c l . 11 G 'IC: NC 1
eo .e?x ~~hy Division, ' )
4 sicct Initiation Memorandum
~,4: ;e :W Jan,. 196
=reject No : 63 .,P-249
.ailbde:ct s Proposed Project: The Exclaves of West Berlin.
S- ate .ent of ..'z?oblezn . To contribute historical, geographic, and demo-
~nac data or the West Berlin exclaves to an OCI background paper supporting
$ 'review of bc:;landaries and territorial claims in the area.
Rc~-uester: GUI
,?Euonsible #a3ystT Branch:`,/E 25X1A
Cooperation Desired From:
L')t:her Divisions of GR : D /GC
b., ?Yihea. Parts of CIA: OCI
Outside CIA: State
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jRDP84-08M5RO00100670001-2
6,; s .:imated Manhours in l); (K+: 80
Target Dto for Is suancea Open
25X1A
L?hief, Geography D1 ision
If"s
Z gr
25X1A
8? /GG ublicat _c+n CTA/ Ft GB
9.: Commrcents : A (24.. may uItiro.tely be in order, but we believe not yet.:
25X1A
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 Appro eas.s; 313dA 100670001-2
UNCLASSIFIED NFIDENTIAL X SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
Appr
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
INITIALS
1
Ch/G
=/ G
2
AD/RR
Z
s
OCh/G
4
D/ 25X1A
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
X
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks :
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
D/GG/RR 3-E-58 x6018
ve FI
19Jan65
F2M610, 237 Use previous editions
(40)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0-587282
100670001-2
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COWL XI LLIGENCE A Y
Geography Division, ORR
Project Initiation Memorandum
Date:
Project No. : C 2 ,
1. Subject of Proposed Pro'jeet: r1 r C r.. rf), tee! K' ~?~
2 Statement of Problem:
0" OGI
3. ReTuester: o c I
25X1A U.
Responsible AnalystLeranch:
Cooperation Desired. Frost:
a. Other Divisions of GRA: 0/G C.
b. Other Parts of CIA: oci
c . Outside CIA: S 146 ,
6. Estimated Manhours in D/GG:
7. Target Date for spa
8. /GG Publication: e- CIA
25X1A
-e, -. ' d PC /V
Chief, Geography Division
Approved:
Chief, Geographic Research Date
Assistant Director, ORZ Date
25X1A
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 CONFIDENTIAL-0z41-6
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7 January 1965
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Geography Division, ORR
FROM Chief, Sino-Soviet Bloc Area, OCI
SUBJECT Proposal for Joint OCI/ORR Research
Project
1. We propose that a study be made of West
Berlin's ten exclaves, and that of
the East Germany-Berlin Branch of OCI and
25X1A - of your office undertake the research.
2. No such study ever has been done. Available
information often is contradictory and out of date.
The study proposed for could
be of considerable assistance if and when, as Secre-
tary Rusk recently proposed, the US review with its
allies the problem of boundaries and territorial claims
before proceeding to any negotiations with the USSR
over Germany.
Exctuded from aatamattc
downgrading and
dectassitlcafion
25X1A
25X1A
25X1A
25X1A
CONFIDENTIAL
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