THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY [BRIEFING OFFICER INTELLIGENCE INSTITUTE CIA OFFICE OF TRAINING]

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 30, 2002
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: January 1, 1974
• Content Type: STUDY

Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
THE
CENTRAL
.INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY
Briefing Officer
Intelligence Institute
CIA Office of Training
January 1974
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE
The Concept of Intelligence
Introduction
Intelligence as Knowledge
Intelligence as Activity
The Development of American Intelligence
Historical Background
Coordination of Intelligence
'Intelligence and Polio
Intelligence and Policy Formulation
Intelligence Organizations and Policy Implementation
THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Mission and Functions
Legal Base
Collection Functions
Analytical Functions
Counterintelligence
Policy In pI ementation
Controls Over CIA
CIA and the American Scene
Foreign Intelligence and Domestic Investigations
CIA Activities in the United States
Conclusion
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE
The Concept of Intelligence
Introduction
It is essential to begin with a clear idea
of what intelligence is and what it is not. The
word "intelligence" is used in different ways,
with different meanings, to signify different
realities. Some equate intelligence with domestic
investigations by law-enforcement officers. It is
not used in that sense here but exclusively in a
foreign affairs context. For others, intelligence
suggests James Bond and a world of espionage, gadgets,
and violence. It is not used in that sense here.
All the categories in the Bond world come from the'
imagination. They constitute the literary genre of
spy fiction rather than the real world of intelligence.
There is a real world of secret intelligence, but it
is unlike the world of spy fiction and it constitutes
but a small part of the whole of intelligence.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
Intelligence as Knowledge
A further refinement should be made by making
a distinction between intelligence as activity (the
means) and intelligence as knowledge (the end). In
terms of its end-product, intelligence may be defined
as knowledge about foreign situations. Stated another
way, it is knowledge of the capabilities and intentions
of foreign nations as these relate to the interests
of the United States. Intelligence is the prelude to
decision and action in international affairs. The
alternative to knowledge (intelligence) is'ignorance.
So it is that all nations employ some means of keeping
informed on world developments affecting them.
There are many kinds of intelligence studies pro-
duced. They deal with different geographic areas
throughout the world. They concentrate on particular
subjects. One speaks, for example, of political,
military, economic, or scientific intelligence. They
focus on different time frames. Current intelligence
deals with daily events, research is concerned with
capabilities and trends, and estimates are concerned
with the future, with probable courses of action.
Finally, intelligence products reflect the needs and
preoccupations of their consumers. Departmental intelli-
gence has a narrower focus than national intelligence.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
The first is designed to support the mission of
a particular government department, the second
to support national policymaking.
Intelligence as Activity
There are three distinct but related steps in
the intelligence process: collection, processing,
and analysis.
Collection is the gathering.of the raw material
out of which intelligence will be produced. Collection
takes place in the field, with an emphasis on the
factual. This is not the end of the intelligence pro-
cess but the beginning. A report from the field is
unevaluated intelligence information, not yet "finished
intelligence" ready for use by a consumer.
Collection may be divided according to the manner
in which information has been collected. Thus, we
may speak of overt, clandestine, or technical collection.
Overt collection encompasses both public information
and official information gathered by government officials.
Clandestine collection refers to the use of secret agents
to acquire information deemed vital to national security
and obtainable in no other way. Technical collection
may be likened to an extension of the human sensory
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
system-the eyes and the ears. It represents the
great technological advance in modern intelligence.
The "eyes" correspond to photographic reconnaissance
systems and the "ears" to electromagnetic emanations
or signals recorded on tape.
Processing denotes both information processing
and data reduction. In the first instance, it refers
to dissemination and to the utilization of storage
and rapid retrieval systems. Data reduction, in turn,
is the interpretation and reduction to words of
technical data on film and tape. Automatic data
processing equipment and computers play an important
role in the control and manipulation of the tremendous.
quantities of information processed by modern intelli-
gence organizations.
The final step in the intelligence process is
analysis or the production of "finished intelligence."
Facts constitute the raw material of intelligence.
The production of intelligence is the work of scholars
who engage in research, analysis, synthesis, and
interpretation. As the sculptor gives form to the
block of granite, so the analyst gives meaning to the
raw data collected in the field.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
Modern intelligence represents the combined
effort of operators, academicians, and technologists.
One could also add administrators, essential to the
running of any organization.
The Development of American Intelligence
Historical Background
There is a history of American intelligence.
It is to be found in the history of our diplomatic
service and in the history of our wars. An early
authentic folk-hero was an intelligence officer:
Nathan Hale. Every schoolboy also knows of Paul
Revere and what made him famous: his success in
carrying out the important intelligence function
we now call Early Ivarning. James Fenimore Cooper
named one of his most popular novels The Spy, and
his other novels idealized our native embodiment
of the intelligence function-the frontier scout.
Yet, intelligence did not become crucial to
our survival until World War II. During and after
World War II two necessities focused a new and
stronger light upon the importance of intelligence.
One was a matter of scale: Instead of frontier scouts
and the primitive effort of the.Pinkertons during the
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Civil War, the United States now had to develop a
system for collecting information on events and
trends throughout the world. As a world power whose
security problems had expanded far beyond our frontiers,
we could do no less. The other development was the
recognition that collecting information was not enough.
We had also to assemble the best available minds to
sift, analyze, evaluate, and interpret all the infor-
mation collected.
Immediately after the war, Congress undertook a
systematic review of the entire national security
structure, including the Government's intelligence
resources. In the background were the lessons of
Pearl Harbor, in the foreground the new obligations
of international leadership, and over the horizon the
first glimmerings of the Cold War.
If the historical context explains the concern
and the felt need for a professional intelligence
system, a look at what then existed confirmed the
necessity of a new organization (1) to undertake those
intelligence functions that are outside the normal
scope of the military and diplomatic services and (2)
to coordinate and systematize the whole intelligence
effort.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
The result of the Congressional inquiry was
the passage, in 1947, of the National Security Act.
Among other things, the statute established the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as an independent,
civilian Agency under the President and the newly
created National Security Council.
Coordination of Intelligence
American intelligence today is the result of
the coordinated efforts of CIA and the departmental
intelligence units in State and Defense-collectively
referred to as*the "intelligence community." The
community is guided by a division of labor spelled
out in National Security Council Intelligence Directives.
However, continuing coordination is needed to prevent
unnecessary duplication of activity, to eliminate gaps
in coverage, and to correlate intelligence judgments.
This coordination role devolves upon the Director of
Central Intelligence, who is at once (1) Intelligence
Adviser to the President and the Council, (2) coordinator
of U.S. foreign intelligence, and (3) head of CIA.
The Director's responsibility for coordination does
not carry with it the power to command any intelligence
agencies other than CIA. Rather it is a question of
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
leadership, consultation, and recommendation to the
Council. To advise and assist the Director in this
task of coordination, two formal bodies have been
established: the United States Intelligence Board
(USIB) and the Intelligence Resources Advisory
Committee (IRAC).
The USIB, which meets weekly, assists and advises
the Director in the coordination of substance (national
intelligence), requirements, and security. Its members
are:
(1) The Director of Central Intelligence,
Chairman
(2) The Deputy Director of Central Intelli-
gence, Deputy Chairman
(3) The Director of Intelligence and
Research, Department of State
(4) The Director, Defense Intelligence
Agency, Department of Defense
(5) The Director, National Security Agency,
Department of Defense
(6) The representative of the Secretary
of the Treasury
(7) The representative of the Atomic Energy
Commission
(8) The representative of the Director of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Approved For Release 2003/041 9.; CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
There are also three "service observers"-the intelli-
gence chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force-and
a number of interagency committees that coordinate.
in specialized areas.
The IRAC assists and advises the Director in the
coordination of resources, including the preparation
of a consolidated budget. It is supported by the
Intelligence Community Staff. The members of IRkC, in
addition to the Director of Central Intelligence who
is Chairman, consist of a senior representative from
each of the following organizations: the Central
Intelligence Agency, the Department of State, the
Department of Defense, and the Office of Management and
Budget.
Intelligence and Policy
Intelligence and Policy Formulation
Intelligence and policy are like two sides of a
coin: separate but related. The separateness consists
in this: intelligence officers report ir.ternational
developments and interpret their meaning, but they do
not recommend courses of action to the policymakers.
Formulation of foreign policy must take into account
many factors of which foreign intelligence is but one,
although an important one.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
In international affairs, it is the President
who makes policy, subject only to the relevant
constitutional restraints placed upon the powers
of his office. It is customary for him to seek
policy recommendations from individual advisers,
such as the Secretary of State, or from the National
Security Council. In turn, their recommendations
are based in considerable measure on analyses of
foreign developments-in other words, on intelligence.
Thus, while U.S. intelligence agencies neither make
nor recommend policy decisions, they do influence
them through the very nature of the findings they
produce. That is why intelligence organizations exist.
The relatedness of intelligence and policy consists
not only in providing a data base for policy recommen-
dations. Throughout the preparation of an analytical
intelligence piece, the analyst must have in mind the
range of options available to the policymaker so that
he can address himself to the whole range. His evidence
must be marshalled in such a way as to address itself
to the questions the policymaker is asking and he must
be able to evaluate the probable consequences of choosing
one or another course of action.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0678OR006100120004-0
Intelligence Organizations and Policy Implementation
There are occasions when an intelligence organi-
zation is directed'by policymakers to-undertake specified-,
actions in the wake of certain policy decisions or in
pursuit of existing policy objectives.
Normally, policy is executed by the Departments
of State or Defense, depending on whether diplomatic
or military methods are called for. But if pursuit of
the objective is deemed inappropriate for official and
conventional governmental action and, at the same time,
lends itself to the application of intelligence techniques,
the policymakers may direct CIA to carry out the task.
This occurs only at the direction of the President, or
of a special National Security Council group, when it
is determined that CIA is the best instrumentality for
the purpose.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Mission and Functions
Legal Base
'CIA's legal charter is the National Security
Act of 1947 passed by the 80th Congress. Title
I, Section 102 (d) sets out the Agency's mission
and functions as follows:
For the purpose of coordinating
the intelligence activities of the
several Government departments and
agencies in the interest of national
security, it shall be the duty of
the Agency, under the direction of
the National Security Council-
(1) to advise the National Security
Council in matters concerning such intelli-
gence activities of the Government depart-
ments and agencies as relate to national
security;
(2) to make recommendations to the
National Security Council for the coordi-
nation of such intelligence activities
of the departments and agencies of the
Government as relate to the national
security;
(3) to correlate and evaluate intelli-
gence relating to the national security,
and provide for the appropriate dissemination
of such intelligence within the Government
using where appropriate existing agencies
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
and'facilities: Provided, That the
Agency shall have no police, subpena,
lake-enforcement powers, or internal-
security functions: Provided further,
That the departments and other agencies
of the Government shall continue to
collect, evaluate, correlate, and
disseminate departmental intelligence:
And provided further, That the Director.
of Central Intelligence shall be respon-,
sible for protecting intelligence sources
and methods from unauthorized disclosure;
(4) to perform, for the benefit of
the existing intelligence agencies, such
additional services of common concern as
the National Security Council determines
can be more efficiently accomplished
centrally;
(5) to perform such other functions
and duties related to intelligence affecting
the national security as the National
Security Council may from time to time
direct.
Specific authorizations were further provided in the
CIA Act of 1949. The National Security Council,
pursuant to the statute, has also directed that certain
functions be performed by CIA.
The full scope of CIA activities embraces (1)
continuing responsibilities in intelligence collection,
intelligence analysis, and counterintelligence; and
(2) occasional policy implementation responsibilities
when so directed by the President or the National
Security Council.
- 13 -
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Concentrating first on collection and analysis,
it should be noted that both are equally stress..ed
as complementary aspects of the intelligence process.
The collector is in the field, the analyst at Head-
quarters; the first is factual in emphasis, the
second interpretive. In the interplay between the
two lies much of the strength of American intelligence.
Collection Functions
CIA receives all relevant intelligence information
gathered by other government departments. It supplements
this with its own specialized collection systems, using
overt, technical, and secret means.
Intelligence information is gleaned from a careful
scrutiny of foreign nei:spapers and periodicals, from
the monitoring of foreign news and propaganda broad-
casts, and from the interviewing of domestic sources
of information on developments in foreign countries.
The latter involves running a voluntary interviewing
system in the U.S. whereby private citizens with a
specialized knowledge of foreign lands who wish
share their expertise with the Government are able
to do so.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Intelligence information is also acquired through
technical systems. CIA was a pioneer in developing
high-altitude photographic reconnaissance and sophisti-
cated techniques of photographic interpretation.
Progress in developing advanced technical collection
systems has continued and today they are an indispen-
sable part of intelligence.
Finally, clandestine sources provide valuable
intelligence information. The sources include agents,
defectors, and varying degrees of liaison with the
intelligence services of allied countries.
Analytical Functions
Since the analytical task of turning raw infor-
mation into finished intelligence is inherently less
likely to attract journalistic attention or public
curiosity, its importance has been far less widely
understood. President Johnson called attention to
the important role of the scholar-analyst at the
swearing-in ceremony of Richard Helms as Director in
1966 when he said:
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
"I have met dozens of (CIA) men
who are moved and motivated by the
highest and most patriotic and dedicated
purposes-men who are specialists in
economics and political science and
history and geography and physics and
many other fields where logic and analysis
are crucial to the decisions that the
President of their country is called on
to make. Through my experience with these
men T have learned that their most signifi-
cant triumphs come not in the secrets passed
in the dark but in patient reading, hour
after hour, of highly technical periodicals.
In a real sense they are America's professional
students; they are unsung just as they are
invaluable."
The substance of CIA's analytical studies may
be political, economic, scientific, military, and
geographic. In the matter of priorities, first place
is assigned to those targets representing the most
immediate threats to national security. Beyond this,
however, is the broader role of intelligence in serving
the national welfare. Studies of international trade
and international monetary affairs help US policymakers
strengthen the American economy. A major effort is
also devoted to tracing the foreign roots of the narcotics
traffic. Finally, intelligence is concerned with study-
ing any and all international developments and trends
which may pose problems for US policymakers in the years
ahead. CIA has produced studies on trends in world
population and urbanization, food production, poverty,
and environmental problems.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
In form, the intelligence publications produced
by CIA analysts range the gamut from current intelli-
gence to research studies and estimates. Current
intelligence represents the kind of analysis and
writing that may be compared to journalism-quick
reporting and interpretation of significant happenings
throughout the world-except that CIA's current
intelligence publications are sent daily to the White
House.
Research studies represent a different type of
analytical endeavor. These are the result of meticu-
lous, detailed research akin to that conducted in
universities. The Agency has special responsibilities
for research in economic, scientific, and geographic
intelligence and engages, on a more limited basis,
in other fields of research where the need exists.
A quite different approach is used in preparing
National Intelligence Estimates. These studies are
based on contributions from all the intelligence
agencies and are passed on by the U.S. Intelligence
Board, with any dissenting views noted in the Estimate.
Estimates deal with broad or long-term assessments of
the capabilities and probable courses of action of
other nations as these may affect the interests of the
U.S. They are specifically designed to assist policy
formulation.
Approved For Release 2003T04 i9 :-CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Much of the current and estimative intelligence
produced by CIA can be properly called "national
intelligence" because it is based on contributions
from all, is coordinated, and,is specifically aimed
at supporting policy formulation.
Counterintelligence
Counterintelligence is the detection and investi-
gation of activities carried out-by hostile intelli-
gence services against the U.S. or its allies. This
is a responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation within the U.S. and of the CIA abroad. It is
one of the most important, though least known, functions
of the Agency. It sometimes involves close collabora-
tion with the services of other countries in helping
them thwart subversive activities directed against
them. Counterintelligence gathered abroad may also
reveal the identities and activities of foreign espionage
agents operating in the U.S.; in this case the Agency
transmits such information to the FBI, which under law
has jurisdiction for investigating and counteracting
these activities inside the U.S. itself.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
Policy Implementation
Over and above CIA's primary role in intelli-
gence and counterintelligence, it is directed on
occasion to carry out or implement a policy decision
abroad through unofficial or covert means.
An example of this which has focused attention
upon CIA has been the program to train Meo tribesmen
as guerrilla fighters in Laos. US policymakers
believed that it was in our interest to prevent,
Communist expansion in Southeast Asia. In the early
1960's they decided that US action had to be taken
in Laos,.but short of full-scale involvement of
,American military forces.
As a result, the Agency was directed to support
a local guerrilla capability to prevent a takeover
of that country by forces of the Pathet Lao and
North Vietnam. Overt, official U.S. involvement
would have multiplied the risk of an open confrontation
with North Vietnam-and possibly China-in which
regular military forces on both sides might be called
in to fight a markedly expanded war.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
Controls Over CIA
The activities of CIA are carried out under the close
scrutiny of the President, the National Security Council,
the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the
Office of Management and Budget, and four committees of
Congress.
The Agency operates under the constant supervision
and direction of the National Security Council. The staff
of the National Security Council, headed by the Assistant
to the President for National Security Affairs, is in daily
touch with all elements of the Agency's work.
In addition, the Director reports periodically and in
detail on the whole range of foreign intelligence activities
to the President's Foreign. Intelligence Advisory Board, a
group of men who have distinguished themselves in government,
industry, education, and the professions. The Board studies
each component of the whole intelligence community and reports
regularly to the President, with recommendations for his
action.
The Agency's budget is gone over line for line by the
Office of Management and Budget (01,M)-and by four committees
of Congress as well. Each year the CIA's budget receives
intense scrutiny, climaxed by weeks of hearings: first,.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
those conducted by 0MB with each separate component of
the Agency, then those in which the Director of Central
Intelligence appears before the Congressional committees.
In.each case questions of the highest sensitivity are
discussed in whatever detail the questioners require.
The four committees. of Congress to which the Agency
reports regularly are the Armed Forces and Appropriations
Committees of each House.. The budget hearings, along with
questioning on the Agency's intelligence product, organi-
zation, plans, and operations, are conducted in executive
session by small subcommittees named by the chairmen of the
four overall committees. The Agency also.appears frequently
before several other committees on substantive matters (for
example, the'situation in Southeast Asia or the Middle East).
Contrary to popular belief, the U.S. Government's control
over CIA is extensive, intensive, and continuous:
When CIA activities in South Vietnam'were under attack
in 1963, President Kennedy engaged in the following exchange
at a press conference:
Q. "Mr. President, could you discuss some
of the recent public accounts of CIA activities
in South Vietnam, particularly the stories of,
or reports of how the CIA has undertaken certain
independent operations, independent of other
elements of the American Government that are in
South Vietnam?"
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
A. "I must say that I think the reports are
wholly untrue . . . I can find nothing . . .
to indicate that the CIA has done anything
but support policy. It does not create policy;
it attempts to execute it in those areas where
it has competence and responsibility. . I
can just assure you flatly that the CIA has
not carried out independent activities but has
operated under close control of the Director
of Central Intelligence operating under the-
with the cooperation of the National Security
Council and under my instructions. . . . I
think they have done a good job." (New York
Times, 10 October 1963)
CIA and the American Scene
Foreign Intelligence and Domestic Investigations,
The Central Intelligence Agency has no jurisdiction
or responsibility involving the internal domestic affairs
of the United States or its citizens. It conducts no
operations or activities of any hind in the United States
which relate to these affairs.
This has been true from the beginning. The National
Security Act of 1947 is categorical on this point: "The
Agency shall have no police, subpoena, law-enforcement
powers, or internal-security functions." Internal security
investigations are the responsibility of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. Federal criminal investigations
are the responsibility of a number of agencies including
the FBI and the Secret Service. The business of CIA is
foreign intelligence, foreign counterintelligence, and
foreign covert action as directed.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
CIA Activities in the United States
Many of the responsibilities of a foreign
intelligence organization can be, and are, carried
out at home. Most Agency employees actually serve
in the United States.
The analysis of reports from overseas, translation
of foreign documents, and interpretation of photographic
and electronic data are performed at the Agency's Head-
quarters in lVashington. The Agency also interviews
U.S. citizens all over the country who have expert
knowledge of significant developments abroad. These
include academicians, representatives of business and
labor, and scientists among others, who are willing
to share their knowledge with U.S. Government officials.
In addition, several administrative functions are
performed i.n the United States. Personnel recruiters
interview applicants for employment throughout the
country. Applicants under serious consideration for
employment are then evaluated as to character, profess-
ional competence, and health.
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
For over a quarter of a century, the Central Intelli-
gence Agency has served the President with distinction, as
well as Congress and the nation. All five Presidents during
this period have commented on the importance of the Agency's
contribution. President Nixon, speaking to the men and
women of CIA on 7 March 1969, concluded as follows:
"So finally, I would simply say that I
understand that when President Truman in 1964
sent a message to the CIA, he put an inscription
on it which, as I recall, went something like
this: 'To the CIA, an organization which is an
absolute necessity to any President of the United
States. From one who knows.'
"I know. And I appreciate what you do."
On an earlier occasion (28 November 1961) at CIA
Headquarters, President Kennedy spoke as follows:
It I an, sure you realize how important
is your work, how essential it is-and how, in
the long svv:eep of history, how significant your
efforts will be judged."
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-00780R006100120004-0
 Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP%.4b780R006100120004-0
Approved For Release 2003/04/29 : CIA-RDP84-0078OR006100120004-0