COLONEL EDWARDS AND MR. (Sanitized) WERE SWORN ASWITNESSES BY JUDGE PRETTYMAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01676R002200080001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 51
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 15, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 20, 1962
• Content Type: COURTFILE

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MR. HOUSTON: Colonel Edwards and ire the
witnesses by Judge Prettyman , , ,
COL. EDWARDS: Sheffield Edwards, Office of Security, CIA.
COL, EDWARDS: Would you ask the Board's permission to go off
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the record, and I think that the secretary ought to leave. I have tobring in some
points on the private life of Powers and his family that the Board I
think should
ake uprtheir minds whether it is pe rtinent to their investigationE I would like at
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f irst to brief the Board on this off the record. I will ask Ithen to
brief the board on his clearance, his investigation, and other investigations that
m y office has done after his capture, but I thirk in all equity to Mr., Powers I should
brief the Board off the record on certain sensitive points that effect him personally
Colonel Edwards, had full responsibility for the security investigation.
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COL. EDWARDS: Our office and the Air Force. je Was i ivesti
gated by the OSI of the Air Force. The investigation was brought u to date --
n ational agency checks -- by CIA.
MR. HOUSTON: You had full access to the results of"the Air Force
COL. EDWARDS: He was cleared on the basis of n 4ppraisal of the
OSI, on the polygraph, on up to date national agency checks on himself and his
. . . . The room was cleared and the meeting went off the
record at 1025 hours. At 1105 hours the meeting went back on the record
MR. HOUSTON: Colonel Edwards, could you and
give the Board the description of the security investigation and the results of it?
I am the custodian of the Security? File of Francis
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Gary Powers, having been permanently charged to me since 21May 1960.
The first security action appearing in his file is a certification
of a TOP SECRET clearance from the Air Force to CIA for purposes of contact
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for recruitment, and this was in March of 1956. The second security action
appearing in Mr. Power's Security File is a polygraph taken on li April 1156
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which polygraph was judged to be with favorable results. The next security action is
in July 1956 in which his Air Force investigation was brought up to date by national
agency checks. National Agency checks being conducted at the Army, the Navy,
btate Department, Civil Jervlce Commission, mouse Gommlttee on un-American
Activities, and the Investigative and Fingerprint File- of the Federal Bureau of
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Investigation. The Air Force investigation was conducted by the Xir'Forc,e, 081
in 1953. This investigation verified the birth, education, employme t, and
loyalty of Mr. Powers and no derogatory irformation was developed. ' A review
of this investigation and the polygraph examination and the completer favorable
national agency checks, it was determined on 19 July 1956 that Mr. Powers met
the qualifications for affiliation with the CIA and the basis of the judgment was
under the terms of the Executive Order 10450 which are the secu4 ty requirements
for Government employment in sensitive positions. The investigation developed that
subjoct was born as .? listed on his personal history statement, 1~ August 1929
in Jenkins, harlan County Kentucky, the son of Oliver Winfield -
JUDG^ PRE PYDAiT: What does that have to do with Bourd.in? Is that
the same thing?
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'Prey are all small communities. It is a mining area
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JUDGE PRETTYMAN: Yes. I suppose it's just another name for a wide
COL. EDWARDS: It is a little town.
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the investigation, had been a coal miner and served in the Army ontwo different
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occasions and that his mother was a housewife and had more than avgrape interest
in religion. She is quite religious. She is in the Protestant faith and --
JUDGE PRETIYMAN: Does the record show what range of the Protestant
Methodist. We normally do not delve into the man's
JUDGE PRETTYMAN: It was interesting to me due to the territory.
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His education at Harmon, Virginia was verified;
his education at Grundy highschool in Grundy, Virginia; his education at Milligan
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Subject's father, it developed during the course of
His father had served in the Army on two different
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College, Tennessee where he majored in biology and received his B.A. Degree in
June 1950 with the scholastic standing of high average. He participated in sports
to the extent of football in highschool and track in college. We verified subject's
summer employment while attending college. In the summer months of 147 and 1948 he was
employed as a laborer and welder's helper in the Fairmont Machine Company,
Fairmont West Virginia. His employment was satisfactory. His employment as life
guard for the Kiwanis Club in Jenkins, Kentucky until he joined the Air Force in
1950 was verified as satisfactory. We verified subject's military'sevvice as an
enlisted man from October 1950 until November 1951 when he was discharged as a
CoppDUel. On the following day he was an Aviation Cadet, graduating from the
Air Force Basic Flying School, Greenville, Mississippi. Upon completion of this
training in September 1952 he was awarded pilots wings and commissioned 2nd Lieutenant,
Air Force Reserve. Subject's first duty assignment was F-84 Thunderjet pilot,
468th Strategic Fighter Squadron, Turner AltrForce Base, Georgia. Subject resigned
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his Air Force Reserve commission under honorable conditions on 13 May 1956.
Subject's Air Force record reflects that he had one TDY trip to Japan from February
to May 1954.
H s performance reports were reviewed for his tour with the
Air Force and they were found to be uniformly good. He was variously' described as an
officer of good appearance and military bearing. He appears to exercise initiative
to display intelligence sufficient to identify him as a satisfactory pilot and officer.
This was his rating of August 1953?
He appears to exercise good judgment in the economical manage-
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ment of resources under his supervision commensurate with his responsibilities.
He is a typical young officer, somewhat reticent and retiring in personality
and though not assertive nor perhaps as aggressive as an officer Lhould be, he
is nonetheless receptive toward instructions and most cooperative in undertaking the
tasks assigned to him. He tends to draw within himself as a matter of habit and
yet when the occasion demands he can be as congenial and as much a member of
the organization as the next man. In all his dutis and tasks given him solar, he had
done a very satisfactory job -- rating March 1954.
A neat, mature, young officer who is rather quiet in his ways. He
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is well disciplined, courteous, and conducts himself in a gentlemanly manner. He acts
quickly, accomplishes his duties and performs his work in a thorough manner. He
is a likeable person who makes friends easily. He is a very capa`ble'pilot and can be
rated slightly-above other pilots of a similar experience level. His unassumed mariner
of conduct and his high moral standards reflect favorably upon the Air Force. This
was his rating in June 1954.
An efficient young officer whose quiet personality tends to hide
his true qualities. He is above average in professional ability but is reluctant
to take full advantage of his knowledge because of his timid nature.: He prefers to
be led. He is very cooperative and always volunteers his time for squadron details.
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He is well liked by the squadron personnel. His calm professional manner in handling
a recent inflight emergency is typical of his daily performance of duty. His
value to the Air Force is constantly increasing -- May 1955?
GENERAL BULL: What was the inflight emergency?
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COL. GEARY: I think in this particular case itwaip a lost engine
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Which has all the landing characteristics of a rock.
A neat well mannered young officer. lie has an Air
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Force career utmost in his mind and as a consequence is always striving to broaden his
prospective in all phases of Air Force life. A dependable and typically effective
officer -- January 1956.
There are no other efficiency reports that weFa fevieied
because of his transfer to the CIA.
Subject was married in April 1955-
GENERAL BULL: He was married a year before he came, into the job.
How long was he at Robbins Air ForcerBaee?
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COL. GEARY: I think he had probably been there a co?ple of years.
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his personal history statement was dated 9 April 1956.
From June 1953 to the present, which at that time
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Ithink it will come in as part of the report
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was then sworn as a vitae as by Judge
MR. HOUSTON: Will you identify yourself?
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a Security Officer who works for
Colonel Edwards in the Central Intelligence Agency.
MR. HOUSTON: What has been your relation to the U-2 Project,
specifically in connection with Mr. Powers?
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On December 1955 I was assigned by my office to this
project and then in April of 1956 I went to with the various
detatchments for training and it was on May 1958 I met Mr. Powers when he
reported for training In August 1956 we deployed to Turkey and I was with him
to February 1957 when I left, but returned to Turkey in the same your, 1957, and
remained there until December 1958, so I knew Mr. Powers between the months of
May and August at of 1956 and then until February 157 in Turkey
and then from November 1957 to December 1958 when I was relieved by
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During my first period of association I was Deputy Security
Officer for the Detatchment. When I came back then in late 1957 and 1958 I was
Security Officer for the Detatchment.
MR. HOUSTON: Was it a part of your duties to be famili$r with the
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security aspect of the personnel at the Detachment?
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~priifessional Security Officers assigned by the Agency to each detachment,
and this group of people performed all the physical security functions associated with
the activities, personnel, administration and operational security functions.that
were our responsibility. May I add, we were also responsible for personnel
cover for all members of the Detachment.
1AR. HOUSTON; Will you describe the actions you took, or information
you developed in connection with 4r. Powers from the security viewpoint during the
whole period you knewh_im either at Watertown or during the deployment overseas?
then with his wife when she joined us in January 1958. There were his initial
participated in. It was at this time he was explained the functions under the
rather unique security restrictions imposed on the people participating in the
activity and as each move occurred -- before we deployed to Turkey -- there were
briefings about how one should handle himself and local conditions having; an effect
on the security of the detachment, and before we would stage, as for instance in
the fall of 1958 when we went to
participated. On each of these occasions there were briefings cone -- specific
instructions liven about how to explain one's absence to his friend::, family and
the people working in the surrounding vicinity and this sort of thine.
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JUDGE PRETTYMAN: Give me one fact that I can key this in. This
Iperation --
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our official pilots directly from Adana tol
As a matter of fact, no operational missions were performed on that There was
JUDGE PRETTYMAN: Powers participated in that operation?
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He was one of four pilots who accompaniedus on that
JUDGE PRETTYMA1: And he was fully briefed on that occasion?
;, a
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MR. HOUSTON: Did he fly the U-2 there, or was he taken up?
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I don't recall. Some were stand-by-4nd transported
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The fall of 1958-
-- an actual mission. As though he were called upon to perform
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Could you tell,, what some of the
In the situation both at [:::::~id when he
immediately familiarized with the local conditions. For instance we had Ec etimes
four or five different categories of people. The training operation was going on
at that time. Not all knew what the mission: of this organization was to be sowe
would sit the individual down who was coming in and explain to him Just what
each of these groups knew in terms of his knowledge of the operation. This was
discuss personal conduct expected from the people participating in this operation,
the fact that probably the key to the entire operation was the assumption of
individual responsibilities to see that the mission is performed securely,
recognizing that if in one single instance a person fails to assume this
responsibility the operation could be compromised and our capabilities sacrificed.
We explained the "need to knows' principal -- you don't have to tellipeople more
than they have to know to do this job. The people that worked with Mr. Powers
realized that he was to be exposed to a situation where he might fall into enewy,
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hands. He ;!as not given information he did not need. Mr. Fowers was cautioned
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against seeking out this information. Within the organization and within
the Detachment itself we compartmented. For instance people in the Security
E'ection did not have to know the specifics of the operational activity as
to just how a given mission was to be accomplished and did not have to know
the route.
JUDGE PRETTYI,MI: Let me see how emphatic youlneed to be about
this "need to know" principal. Is that basic and universal without exception
in dealing with this U-2 venture?
That was our endeavor, yes, sir.
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these people in our initial briefinr?s and the following.
JUDGE PRETTYIAII: That was understood by all. Powers and all
the personnel understood the policy which was that he was to IL-iow what he had
to ,now and no more.
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E.R. BROSS: Did Powers :.ave access to the production of his
overflig'its? Did he see the photoExaphy of operational flig'hto he had taken?
Doyou know?
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take from the primary missions. I believe he saw some take from missions flown
to the i;iddle East which was not classified.-- film pictures. Ile saw nothing
from the pictures taken of the denied territory in the usual sense of the word.
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he had to identify himself.
I.M. HOUSTON: Do you have any personal knowledge as to whether he
used that name in connection with t"'le medical interview?
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MR. '.OUSTON: Going back to the time you deployed to Adana, did
you brief him on the cover story for Adana and his obligations in connection
with any activities outside of Adana?
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reminded of their responsibilities in terms of avoiding the occasions where they
might find themselves in embarrassing situations, and the standard of personal
conduct that they were constantly being reminded of.
GENERAL BULL: What freedom did they have on RcR? Were they
free to come and go from the area?
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looked at the individual's passport to see where he had been when he returned.
In order to travel as a DAC civilian in Lvrope you had to have written
travel orders to countries which you intended to visit so there were c:iecks
we could make.
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MR. HOUSTON: Were there any particular instances that were of
security interest in connection with Powers at Adana -- that is, that you have
personal knowledge of?
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I know of only one incident in which he was involved,
or which I was called upon to give specific advice or support and that concerned
a meeting that he and his wife -- Frank and Barbara -- and one of our co.;manication,s
in Adana. It turned out that
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evening and at this point they were living in Adana. We were living on
the base which was about 16 miles away.
11R. BROSS: He should have reported it but he had not yet had
tine to do so.
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the only deans of egress was via a
they were pretty much on their own. They
told t where they were going so we could get in touch with them if necessary.
The sane was generally true in Adana but with somewhat tighter controls. If the
man was Going to Wiesbaden he gave us an itinerary for the ten-day period during
which he might travel to France or gland or Spain. Any travel in the other
direction, down through the Iiddle 2ast, was controlled in a much more
substantial fashion. Generally this was via Project controlled aircraft.
It would have been for a shorter period of time, probably two or three days or
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over a wee':end and du_xinG r,:y tenure at ! dana the flights were li..ited to
Beirut, Lebanon.
GENEPJtL BULL: On arrival in Beirut he was on his own.
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or two llvntin- trips that :ie vent on with his fellow pilo'cs -- hunting and
fishing trips in an area to an area about one hundred. miles or so East of us
inlthhe mountains. I don't recall any trip that he rude with his wife as such.
There was a beach area about fifty .wiles from our location on the I."editerranean
called "Castle by the Sea" ;;as visited frequently by him and his wifee.
:Ie incidentally did a fair a..ount of skin diving down there in this area durin:f the
period. I was there.
GEI RAL BULL: In trevelinC around in other areas would he be
covered by your Detachment, or when he leaves the base is he free?
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established boundaries and li::itations. He knew for instance he could not travel
to Soria C Turin; certain periods of tirie and there was never any indication
of a departure from the instructions he received.
JUDGE PIIT3V'Y1i 1i: This incident that you related involvin,; the
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n would
have an interest more tan the average person.
JUDGE It is U he fact of the r.:atter that the .ovicts
and everybody else had a - e_ieral i0ea of what this outfit .ia? 0oi- c o-m there.
COL. G:AiiY: The 'Soviets had a very specific idea.
GPIiAL BULL: ou coverer. Powers pretty well. Can you Give us the
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which would be the normal routine. When he got up at two it would 'naturally
Mean that he was -oinr on a fli,"it that day. We thought they would be close
enough to the activity that we had to tell then sooAethinE which would cause
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them to forii an identify to it and a sense of support for the security
of it, so with that thought in mind we briefed each of the wives that
carte on the scene along the following lines: that in fact the unit was
there under the joint sponsorship of the Air Force and Central Intelligence
Agency and that the U-2 was being used to conduct electronic intelligence gathering
missions in the periphery of the Soviet Union. We said nothing about photography;
we said nothing about penetration flights. This, of course, was what Mrs.
Powers was told along with other wives. This seemed to work very satisfactorily.
There seemed to be developed an esprit de corps among the people on location.
It was a very closely knit group of people. They tended to not associate with
the other U.S. Air Forcepeople on the base and stayed pretty much to themselves,
which is what we tried to encourage for obvious reasons.
Does that answer your question, sir?
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returned a few weeks later. The Commanding Officer,
[phonetic
at the time undertook to investigate the situation and was satisfiej that the
situation had been settled or handled properly by the people who re:;iained
behind.
JUDGE PRETTYMAN: That incident occurred at Adana?
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JUDGE PRETTYNAN: While you and Powers were on the-ssio,i': 25X1
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MR. HOUSTON: I think probably Mr. Bross will have to leave and
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shall we break up now. I think there are still more questions you would like
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. . . . The meeting then adjourned at 31:55 . . . .
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AFTERNOON SESSION
. . . . The meeting started at 11+1+0 hours . . . .
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Only from the standpoint of his responsibilities
mission itself.
MR. HOUSTON: Do you:mean between Adana and
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Yes, sir. It was my feeling that he was responsive to
the conditioning that we attempted; that he was in fact quite security
conscious. He was certainly very cooperative in all of the dealings that I
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had with him and other people in my section.
YR. HOUSTON: You think he had a pretty good gasp of what
information there was a need to protect as opposed to what was not so
ir.:mportant?
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earlier by the General -- were we aware of any attempts to subvert personnel
or dependents? To our knowledge there was none. As a matter of fpct we ;mad
frequent liaison with local Americans and through cut out mechanism we worked
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with the Turkish Secret Service and there was nothing along these lines at all.
MR. HOUSTON: Did Powers himself have much contact wi h Turkish or
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I would say not. Certainly not a Great deal. He
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had some in that he was living on the economy in Adana. They had a maid and
a cook as I recal) and there were Turkish workmen who maintained t~e Dome
and the did have Turkish neighbors but as I recall in the case of the Powers'
they were not particularly friendly with any of the local Turkish peo~l
GENERAL BULL: Were those contacts checked out as an utcmatic
checkout by you people?
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Prettyman . . . .
December of 1958 to December of 1960.
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and the security of personnel in the Detachment?
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described.
you have additional briefings with Mr. Powers on security matters?
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We, at the direction of the Commander, had periodic
rebriefings. That is, we would every sixty days have a rebriefing or
General security, cover, any particular problems
that the individual might have, security violations and pointing out the necessity
for safeguarding information.
TFIDGE..B T IAN: This included security briefing during flights
or missions and so on?
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Prior to a staging we would brief all individuals who
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12. HOUSTON: Are there any question in this area prior to going on
to a slir}Ztly different one?
JUDGE PRETTdIAN: I was curious about this. According to
Powers' testiiaony that I was reading he went from Adana over to ~nd
then he went through the large part of a fortnight and they called it off and
sent the plane back to Adana and brought it back again the next night
and he did that three or four times.
JUDGE PRETTYA:ATT: I suppose one preliminary briefing for him before
that first preparation, so far as intelligence is concerned, would cover the
matter. You wouldn't have to rebrief him every time he suited up and so
forth.
time slips - they have a certain amount of time to get him off and if the
time slips this would change the route, but this would be more of a navigation
briefing more than anything else. I have a copy of the briefing which we
would give to all members of the Detachment. This is signed by Air. Powers
prior to his departure from Adana on 26 April.
IIR. HOUSTON: Would you like to put that in there?
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. . . . Document entitled "Security Instructions" was marked
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Int. HOUSTON: I would like to ask a question of a slightly
different area. Can you give us a description of the precautions taken
at Adana and at the pre-strike locations or in the staging areas for the
protection of aircraft and the fuel -- the physical security -- to make sure
that nothing can be tampered with.
The drum of fuel which is in 55-gallon drums are
inspected prior to being loaded aboard the escort aircraft. There are random
samples taken for testing. From that point on it is under guard from the time
until it is put into the aircraft.
MR. HOUSTON: As I understand you inspect to see that all of
them are sealed and you open certain ones to take --
MR. HOUSTON: This is all special fuel made for the U-2. Was there
a security control on it right along from the point of manufacture?
I cannot say from the point of manufacture, but from
the point of arrival at our base it was under security guard.
COLONEL GEARY: When the stuff was manufactures it ~ias tested
before it was put in the drums and sealed there.
N.R. HOUSTON: How was it picked up from the manufacturer?
COLONEL GEARY: This varied. We had two different places where
it was procured. It would go into one specific tank car and go to the East
or the West Coast then it was put into drums that we had bought previously.
MR. HOUSTON: At a military installation?
COLONEL GEARY: It was put into drums and put aboard a ship and
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and unloaded in Turkey and brought to the base, but as far as somebody
having any stringent control securitywise over the fuel this wasn't done
because it was something to test and periodically we took samples and ran them
through a lab test because it was a new fuel and we didn't know how soon it
would break down and start to contaminate.
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If a seal popped off we would discard that drum
and not issue it. We would use that drum for a training flight or something
like that. Our fuel dump was located as close as we could have it in accordance
with Air Force regulations because of explosion or fire. It was under security
guard at all times on the base and enroute it was under escort of armed courier
from the point where it was picked up until it went into the aircraft. It was
under constant Guard.
L21. T OUSTOI1: :'ow about the plane and photo equipment?
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While in the hanger there was a Guard in the hanger. If the aircraft went
out on the flight line to fly a local training flight or any time it left
there there was not less than one armed security guard with it at all times
from the point of takeoff to the point of touchdown regardless of whether it
was a mission or a i;raiiiiiig flight.
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They were under my supervision and they all have a
full background investigation.
I,R. HOUSTON: Who had access to the plane? The maintenance
people; the people who cleaned the area.
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personnel and no one had access to the aircraft except the contract personnel --
the Lockheed people who were the :maintenance people. Anyone in the Detachment
had access to the hanger but we had a compartmentation system whereby no one
could approach the aircraft unless they had specific reason to do so.
LR. HOUSTON: These people had clearances?
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E.R. HOUSTON: How about access to equipment.
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access to it other than Detachment personnel -- that is, assigned to Detachment
The camera equipment as I understand it from moving pictures is packed in a
case or something and locked on the bottom of the ship.
a full clearance.
JUDGE PRETT'LMAT: I'd like you to describe that in full detail.
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JUDGE PRLTTYIIAN: Where is the camera equipment kept?
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There could be a variation in this. The support aircraft which would carry
the staging personnel might carry a spare camera.
JUDGE PRETTYMAN: No, but the ship that is going to make the
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JUDGE PRETTdiAN: Then it is flown over to ith that on it.
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The ship is loaded before it goes as a general rule.
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MR. HOUSTON: I think1was not there at
will have testimony by the people who briefed him. In your opinion it would
be difficult, if not impossible, for any unfriendly person to have access to
the plane or its equipment.
I think it would be extremely unlikely, sir.
JUDGE PRETIY?.1AN: Let me ask this question before I forget it.
Was this plane marked?
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the entire thing. We have lists of people who were on the mission, we looked
at it from all angles and it is summarized in the Commander's report and other
than that we can come up with nothing, sir.
R. HOUSTON: Is it correct to state from the point of view of
the Security Officer, represented by you, there is nothing to indicate
failure of the mission involving any security aspect?
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MR. HOUSTON: To go back to your trip with Mr. Powers, is
there anything that comes to mind at all that to your mind was a security
incident in connection with Mr. Powers?
II
his group in a security sense. He followed directions, he took security
advice in the spirit it was offered and I can think of no incident that would
point to that.
MR. HOUSTON: I have no further questions.
JUDGE PREPTYIdAN: You spoke a moment ago referring to the
Commander's report. Is that Colonel Shelton?
Colonel Shelton was an extremely able and competent officer
I was proud to have servei under him.
MR. HOUSTON: Is that all for
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commander of the detachment which ultimately initially went to Adana. It is
unsigned, however, but it is a registered comument. It is part of a total
dispatch received from the field in which is a statement titled "Evaluation
6 July 1956 and a part of it is a 'breakdown as to flying
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and applied himself to an extensive degree; it is belioved by the training
personnel that his knowledge of the basic problem should provide a high
degree of reliability in accomplishing his assigned mission."
It further says, "At the time of this report = has
completed 14 of the i' rcuired missions." It describes his performance of
missions and sums ..t up bf saying, "It is the consensus of the operations
Staff that = is an excellent pilot and will prove entirely reliable in
completing the mission assigned.
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JUDGE PRETTYPSAN: Does that show the nature of the training
or would you know the nature of the training that he received -- those
training aissions and what not.
JUDGE PRETTThAN: _:e said in his debriefing we are reading now
that he never - I believe his expression was that he had never been in a
parachute before.
JUDGE PRETTYlAN: I would just like to find out whether part of
his training was --
COL017EL GEAR-: As part of his training there was no parachute
jumping involved in any of his training because in order to do this you would
lose an airplane.
JUDGE PR-PTY!?;AN: If you used one of those planes it is true but
what I want to make sure is you get down to the time where he got out of
.-is testimony was that that was the first time he had ever had
the plane. -T
on a parachute.
COLONEL GEARY: No he didn't mean that. He mcant that it was
the first time he had to resort to using a parachute.
JUDGE P&TfiIYEAN: His training had not included jump training?
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COLONEL GEARY: No, he hadn't any jump training. This is
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something you do right the first time or it doesn't make any difference.
GENERAL BULL: And he didn't have to jump in connection with
that infliCht emergency?
COLONEL GEARY: Apparently not.
JUDGE PRETTYhAN: I am inclined to think, when we get down to
it, when he started getting out of his plane and what he did under the
emergency which he found himself faced with, it's a question of how much
training he had in that sort of circumstances.
COLONEL GEARY: That is difficult to say. He would have been
unable to use any training he may have had because he was upside down on his
back at 70,000 feet.
JUDGE PRETi iAl: It struck me that statement that he oeid. it
was the first time he had ever been in a chute. I want to make sure that
in his training how to get out of a plane with a chute was not part of his
To the best of my knowledge it is true and this
report does not reflect it. This breaks down flying time by type of aircraft,
number of landings, 1.-r+rument time, celestial navigation flights, photo
flights; large scc_c ann tri-met and route photo training. These are
something used to gra_c their performance. I have copbs of this.
AB. HOUSTON: Would you like to have that put in this?
JUDGE PRETT)TAN: I suppose we might as well.
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NR. HOUSTON; Let's mark that Exhibit 12.
. . . . Document entitled "Evaluation of
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did Powers have in this country?
what other training of any nature
I
the Agency training site in evasion, escape and survival. I have here a
curriculum of the courses he received, or the instructions he received.
This is undated and unsigned. I found it in a file which I went through.
I think probably this was dug out at somebody's request after the May 1st
incident. I have a memorandum for the record which I had written indicating
he in fact did go down to the training site, although I didn't accoqpany him.
happened to go with him and three other drivers, I believe, and
acted as case officer and consequently there was not the usual
memorandum for the record written covering the training. Also for the record
I could say that what purports to be a curriculum he received down there is
similar to, if not -:a--tly the same as that received by previous pilots who
had gone down for tlic purpose, so I have no reason to think this is
not correct.
MR. HOUSTON; There is a curricular established for thip particular
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and three other of the pilots, all of whom subsequently came into the
program, one of whom is still in the program.
P;R. HOUSTON: What was the curriculum?
Well, sketchily here, six hours of survival
training. This was to be done with other pilots. This is how to exist off
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of discussion; question and answer period. I think in addition $,o that there
were various films shown. They may be included in this nine hou~,s cif area
s
briefing. Also at the time the individuals were at the training site they
were shown what their survival kit would consist of -- certain b1piq items
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which is generally expepted to be a part of the survival kit and they were
asked for any special preferences they had as to type of weapon o apy
peculiarity they wanted in there -- additional fishing line, two compasses
instead of one, so that was also a part of it.
JUDGE PFMTMIAN: What about the poison needle. Is hat part
of standardeguipment?
It was never displayed to them in my presence.
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R. HOUSTOPT: Did he go down with others?
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I have never seen it. When you say, Was it part of the standard equip~.ient?" --
JUDGE PRETT d AN: The phrase was used "Standard Survival
Equipment." That is all the moving picture said. I wondered what that
standard eusvival equipment was.
As I an personally familiar ;-rith it the survival
equipment did not include the needle. As I said i't included such things as a
small collapsable shovel, a hatchet, a hunting knifo, fishing line, hooks,
sewing ki t.
JUDGE PRETT diA : I Guess no part of that training program :Mould
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stance
to interrogation at all. I feel quite sure his particular training was the
same type of training offered other people. It didn't vary very much from
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M. HOUSTON: We can, if the Board desires, get one training
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officer who can testify as to exactly what was given.
I might say here for the record he subsegu-jltly
had some survival training in Turkey. This can be documented by other
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that is also available. Fie is here in headquarters -- the man who w?pt to Turkey.
I have copies of this if you would like.
JUDGE PRE]I MAN: I thinly you might as well put it in the record.
T II
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. . . . Document entitled "Agency ME Training
for .r. Francis G. Powers" was marked. L,hibit 13 and made a part of this
record . . . .
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11 to 15 June 1956. I think this ca::c durinE
IIe really didn't get out of the service until mid-Tiny. It was probably
interrupted after the ;round phase before flying. We wore having difficulty
3ottin- a detachment of pilots at a certain time.
T. 3. TIOUSTON: When did he actually move: to Turkey?
D
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lwhen he first came into the
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had been there three or four weeks but there was no other training that I am
aware of along this line before he left.
Nov if I could take the liberty - Mike indicated some of
these documents which had been entered in the record showed the signature of
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pen and ink signature Francis G. Powers,
signature twice.
It is a statement solicited from and furnished by his initial flight surgeon
at Adana. I don't know whether you want to enter this or not. This again was
subsequent to May.
MR. HOUSTON: what is the nature of it?
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as flight surgeon of Francis G. Powers during the period July 1956 until
January 1959. It is a personal opinion of Mr. Powers from a medical.. I think,
and psychological point of view. It points out the fact that from time to time
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25 May 196x.
It is untitled, dated 20 May 1960. "I hereby
certify that I was employed as a flight surgeon of Francis G. Powers during
the period from July 1956 until January 1959. During this period of time
I not infrequently shared a room with Mr. Powers and participated in social
flying and mission duties with him. In my opinion Mr. Powers was an outstanding
pilot for his calmness under pressure, his precision and his methodical approach
to problems. I have flown considerably in jets with Mr. Powers. I would
consider him temperate, devoted, perhaps more than usually patriotic, and a
man given to thinking before speaking or acting. During the first part of
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persisted throughout our entire association. In my opinion Mr. Powers
would be extremely unlikely to defect or panic under any but the most
Somebody has inked out "under any but the most extreme
Incidentally this was forwarded to the Director of Central Intelligence in
a memorandum from Mr. James A. Cunningham on 26 May 1960.
MR. HOUSTON: Are there any further questions?
MR. i-IOUSTON: Would you identify yourself for the record?
COL. SHELTON: Colonel William M. Shelton, Colonel, USAr, 7303A.
MR. HOUSTON: I think it would be helpful if you would give us
a little of your own background in the service and flight experience and
command experience.
COL. S'}T'LTON: Well I have been primarily a fighter pilot. That
is my induction into tho service.
MR. nOUSTON: When was that, sir?
COL. SHELTON: In 1941. I flew fighters in World War II. The
highest rank I received was Major and I was Squadron Commander of a fighter unit.
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During the Korean War I flew jets there in 1951 with a fighter group and
commanded the group prior to coming home in 1951. I have been in staff
positions as operations and training and Air Defense Division under the manual
system for approximately three and a half years. I had approximately two
years of intelligence training and staff work at SAC Headquarters primarily
i?R. HOUSTON: At the time you came
had considerable experience.
COL. SHELTON: Yes, sir.
MR. HOUSTON: When did you take over as Detachment Commander?
COL. SHELTON: August lst, 1959.
I.4R. HOUSTON: This is Commander of Detachment 10-10 at Adana.
COL. SH ELTON; Yes, sir.
12. HOUSTON: Air. Powers was then with the Detachment.
COL. SHELTON: That is correct.
I.M. HOUSTON: So he was directly under your command at that time.
COL. SHELTON; Yes.
DHi. HOUSTON: Did you personally look into his professional efficiency
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COL. SHELTON: Yes. I had a personal policy that I made it
a point to fly with all of my pilots and especially the U-2 pilots.
had two T-33's -- jet trainer planes -- which is a two seat trainer. These
U-2 pilots I flew with regularly. I would alternate with them in the front
seat at one time and with them in the rear seat at another time for the
simple reason, as you stated, to see what their proficiency was, in order
for me to increase their training or decrease their training or leave it
on the standard that we had at that particular time.
MR. HOUSTON: Did you form an opinion of Mr. Powers' proficiency?
COL. SHELTON: Yes I did.
10. HOUSTON: Could you tell the Board2
COL. SHELTON: I felt that Mr. Powers was above average in
instrument flying; that his flying judgment was above average also; that under
unique circumstances I felt that he was unusually cool. As an example, on one
particular day we were up and flying instruments and this was under actual
weather conditions. We ran into a thunderstorm. These thunderstorms have
updrafts and downdrafts and are very rough. This one particular one
contained hail and you could see it coming down on the windshield. There
was no evidence of panic or anything of that sort at all with Powers. He
took the normal procedure that had been taught him and through his best
judgment he piloted the aircraft into a safer position in order to try to get
out of the hail storm.
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MR. HOUSTON: Was it necessary for him to have any additional
training under your command?
COL. SHELTON: No, I felt the training that he was obtaining was
MR. HOUSTON: Flight training in the T-33's and the U-2?
COL. SHELTON: Yes. The U-2 pilots flew more than non-U-2
pilots. I saw to that because by flying the U-2 and the T-33 of course they
would fly more.
MR. HOUSTON: Do you have any personal knowledge of his training or
retraining in cockpit procedures in connection with an emergency which might
involve the use of parachute?
COL. SHELTON: With the use of a parachute in case of emergency?
Well, we had periodic meetings where questions were discussed and specific
procedures were discussed. This was with all pilots except as we finished
the T-33 portion of the meeting the U-2 pilots then remained and we went
through the U-2 portion of this. This was a minimum of once a week. You
could call it sort of a flying safety meeting -- something of that type.
MR. HOUSTON: aom these sessions you would be satisfied that
Mr. Powers knew the procedure for using the ejector?
COL. SHELTON: Absolutely. There is no question in my. mind
that every pilot that was flying either the T-33 or the U-2 was more than
adequately briefed and was more than adequately well aware of the correct
emergency procedures in bailing out or the use of the parachute in these
aircraft.
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