MKULTRA SUBPROJECT 95 (37 DOCUMENTS WITH PUBDATES FROM 590423 TO 640713 )

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00017498
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 85
• Document Creation Date: September 25, 2024
• Document Release Date: September 8, 1976
• Publication Date: April 23, 1959

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0525-1099-149021 $56,500.00
1,"Ll..39,0
1.9
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PFZCOXA
7 � 106,500.00
Mar 61.
46..01,7644A
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extivItioz (..Nii1(JI.T1A 95).
zrovcc1 t t.t.veit mad Jol.y. 1961. (nifi
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PrEArlous yeavlogpudgiat wr
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July 13, 1964
Memo t
Re:
Attached please find a copy of on accounting fro
This is a summary accounting for the years 1960 thrbugh
1964.
We have received a check in the amount of $5,921.02 from
and this has been deposited to our Regular Account
rather t an Special because we need the money. _
Accounting
You can clear this one out now.
JANUARY1, 1000 - APRIL, 30, 1084
Direct co30:
Porsonn,-.11
ItetirQm(Aft
WOrkrnerk./a cornp-r,�--nzatiou
1ormt4..r.ont equApment
vlies
Travvi
Oltar CAV;n1.3ti.fi
Hozor?,.ria frign ntgi 17 637 64
Computer 6 998 01
Planning coplerenc0 11,S76 59
Total other expsn2c
TcAA. titrect mats
TO1L117.7,-;eoipts over direct cot
Li 17,direct coots
CRO. tv:-.1ance, April 1064
xroq I 5e2 C'. 00.
Inv A 's,Cco,(`C)
riv 1te137 CO
7- 3_5; cc?. 20
.ack o76, 3(.1
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iqz; 9/5:
't- et= -re
ippi y 0.4.-1 4 6R6t4"
3-t.lared tuo asreza
Locotalz:lag Divtoica
Ckk k
1 certify that serViefls Or viloriAls ho boeft
uatAsfactorily rccoivoa .1-1 41,o expenditUre0
nem inourred on offl
76 797 10
2 4:.44 20
635 49
1 762 90
4 999 57
36 713 41
542 24
192 97
161 683
ACCOUNTING BY INDIVIDUAL
FOR ADVANCE
' TE: Follow Instructions on Reverse
UBIAITTE0 8`(
:TA" I"! ub 7.45
VOUCHER NO. (Finance usn only)
PERIOD OF ACCOUNTING
FROM
70
Ati
CASH ON HAND BEGINNING OF PERIOD
5. EXPENSES THIS PERIOD;
Z. OUTSTANDING ADVANCES BEGINNING OF PERIOD
vt,PAW
DATE
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
3. RECEIPTS THIS PERIOD:
1L:..12
RECEIPT DATE
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
vc"ic ca
1 ,
i
TOTAL EXPENSES
.
;
. REFUNDED HEREWITH 'CASH CHECK MONET ORDER
7. OUTSTANDING ADVANCES END OF PERIOD(attach listing
8. CASH ON HAND END OF PERIOD OR BALANCE DUE ADVANCES
4. TOTAL TO ACCOUNT FOR
s.... , ' '.? ,t, '..'.. ! '
� TOTAL ACCOUNTED FOR
i ,,..
1 CERTIFY FUNDS ARE AVAILABLE
APPROVED
I certify that the expenditures listed hereon Pim
OBLIGATION REFERENCE NO. CHARGE COST ACCT. NC.
. I-14 1..'"Zi�IZaa�CM2
,
DATE
SIGNATURE OF APPROVING OFFICER
Id ney cAt ..1.. ic:b . rtvItsr
on any attachments were incurred for official our.
poses of a confidential nature, that payment or
credit therefor has not been received, and that
this accounting is true and correct.
DATE
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZING OFFICER
CERTIFIED FOR PAYMENT OR CREDIT
SIGNATURE OF PAYEE
,
'
DATE
' SIGNATURE OF CERTIFYING OFFICER
1
I
,
SPACE BELOW FOR EXCLUSIVE USE OF CONFIDENT i AL FUNDS DIVISION
PREPARED BY
1REVIEWED BY i VOUCHER NO. 7.12
' '
., DESCRIPTION . ALL OTHER ACCOUNTS 13.33
34.310
40.42
4 45.46
47.52
OBLIG.
,
56.67
ALLOT. OR COST
68.70
71.80
28,.48
me
STATION
CODE
EXPEND
F
RAY
PER.
Rcr. NO.
531
54-57
GEMERAL
ACCT. NO.
DUE
DATE.
AMOUNT
..T/A
DESCRIPTION . ADVANCE ACCOUNTS 13.27 P.O. NO.
PROD. NO.
CODE
L1Q.
.
AtIYA;iCE 'CA
YR
LEOGER
62.67
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PROJECT NO.
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FORM aa USE PaCVIU5
April 15, 1964
Dear
a
i.Here are some more goodies.-
requested an accounting on
so requested an accounting co
on I have written to the Univers1L
Also, attached please fin
Oeunting for the year 1963.
hay
Please give -these t There is no need for. you
to have copies to clutter Up your fibs since I keep-duplicatz: -
here.
One of these days we will be completely organized and
Chen we will go out of business.
Best
Category___Ikb.,
Project Title_ 7,a._CmIturig_Mtan Item Classification__Mna
l;:y4trz-via
Project CryptMi2ll5:11/1____
Branch- Project
Contractor
Contract
Crypto elassification__MY
Project Engineer_
Task No.
Type of Con -actlILT_R...k____ Date Initiated__
Cost 2,4.51_,._C 0 completion Date
Purpose: 1110 te:023 of tM ctinvolven ttio ty vorW commurit-
catio-a c'aztiNts-1..r. I.-etvgscr-4 nowroi. irent cultural groupo norroz, critical
geo:seap'ii.rzal ,K0 a tio "tatittee CUOtt Citeh
0yr,t3 110 3 a Plt-x.irts..Lit gni catc.r purpases.
Status: Thtt.t.t;ly la co. lacIn&o
thirO) yaar anti
c.. ctA. 667.Q.:1141o... Data i'Ve.aal el:g.covq4zis.�.,3 two avaliab �
RECEIPT
Receipt is he eb ackncv1ededpi treasure check No. 0001032
drawn on the
;dated May 1, 1962, payable to the
in the amount of $35, 009. 20.
No: /24/
Cost Account 0./
Object Class
Date
Thi Remarks and References
Obligation3
Incurred
Obligations
Liquidated
Unliquidated
Balance
12196Z
Ilk tt LIRA- 5IAS Pro_j__' 95-
acoo.a.
0,5, 0119. a
19 ;r6r1
Jai; D r`c_e_ A': //: �
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THE C;01�,1PTROLL".3,P.
: Divi I DIA
hrl:Ktr , S1QJ
rity th,e; yr.tr.q.-21(03:::)..73.::11.tzu. dated 13
izc.t
an4 th(71,cte 3f cc
4
999q,4,1.,
tho W.ti reAttis:11,,z,gro-rx).(trtzi. tlaM etth4Etaitymen1t3
iG (43 Cap fn TSD/P.B.,tt thln bf,:)1 la ja*t corre,et
ravorient krav ttc,t rtt bten roacle,
TiD
rkq�42 16 1,nfl 196
(Z) liw:roteg cort:rild tP birs trivalccs apt� S4brrejoct 95
MiCULTRA vs:Nch w tr0.51t rvoknt is 1�.4_,Tw
cznivd �N:It 6.1.:COSA7W.74'0 wAth mariloaftmckan of 1) Avvi.1 19530
frcerii CM to tlo DP/A, al-At art extanaoi ef tWs ittallority
ralqivsrlt
,11
Icealitca Sot-act:41 ay tott
_
CONFIDENT:AL FUNDS POSTING VOUCHER
,VOL.CHER NO. 7.12
DATE 2.6
,
VOUCHER NO. 7.12
DESCRIPTION-ALL OTHER ACCOUNTS I .33
34.39
STATION
40.42
,IF
45.46
47.52
58.67
53 '
54.57 I ALLOT. OR COST
66.70
DUE
71.80
.33
TAW,.
CODE
EXPEND
LI
PAN.
RVAIL.
GENERAL ' ACCT. NO.
DATE
AMOUNT
DEscRIPTION.
ADVANCE ACCOUNTS 13.27
P." ""
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CODE
D
PER.
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EXPLANATION OF ENTRY
"TOTALS
. ,
,
1
1 DATE
PREPARED Sy DATE
REVIEWED SY
Cl" 'TF iS13 !OiO NT OR 'CR ED B Y
.
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,_ . r ING OFFICER
DAT I
.r.,,, ..1
VCPM
,0�59 OLIO USE PREVIOUS EDITIOnS.
29 March 1962
MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD
SUBJECT : Project MKULTRA, Subproject 95
The purpose of this Subproject is to support for an
additional year the work o
in the field of -cross cultural meaning systems. Although this
fundamental work is being carried out within an abstract con-
ceptual framework, its-results can be directly relevant to Agency
problems it nd the technical cupport of political
activities.
2. When this project was proposed, it was anticipated
�
that the work would take three years. The work has progressed ---
very satisfactorily and, even though expanded in scope, has
remained on schedule. The second annual progress report is
attached.
3. This project will be funded through
for security and cover purposes and the accounting
for funds expended in it shall conform to the established practices
of that organization. It is not anticipated that any permanent
equipment will be required for the project.
4.. Travel funds expended-under this project .v1. norriy
reimburseable by shall conform to the
accounting practicea of that organization.
5. The total cost of thiaprolw for a period of one year
is estimated not to exceed $50,450.00. Unexpended funds? amounting
to 05,100.80 and held by
will be applied
to the 1962 request. Therefore the net cost of the project for the
year will be $35,009_..20. Charges should be male against Allotment
2125-1390-3902.
6.
olds an Agency covert approval. All other
project personnel are unwitting and the project will be conducted
as an academic research program._
APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION
OF FUNDS;
Date:
Distribution:
Original only
Chief
TO/Research Branch
Dec
Enclosed is copy7o
be attached to renewal r
We had sent you a copy o
5, 1962.
Api i I 2 1962
accounting which should
ft with you last Wednesday.
progress report on January
The cashier's check you want d sent should have
arrived at its destination today.
Enclosure
Personnel,
Retirement
Workmen's Comp.
Supplies
Travel
Indirect Costs
Misc.
Estimated
Budget
1961
'3,390.00
Expended
1961
Obli_gat*ed
1961
Balance
1961
30 917.00
1,896.00
309.00
28,741.74
873.60
188.68
2,175.26
1,022.40
120.32
2,000.00
537.03
1,085.00
377.97
10,000.00
6,517.94
1,700.00
1,782.06
7,000.00
8,210.25
2,300.00
(3,510.25)
3,000.00
2,542.01
457.99
8,268.00
8,28.26
(.26)
266.08
(266.08)
56,145.59
5,085.00
2,159.41
Balance_ 1961
2 159.41
Balance 1960
2,317.30
Travel Funds
643.09
5,119.80
This is a true statement of
ri ;3.1 1) IN
Requested
Estimated
Budget
1962
22,916.00
1,086.00
138.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
10,730.00
4,000.00
6,580.00
50,450.00
5,119.80
45,330.20
financial status as reported to us.
Personnel- Salaries
Retirement
Workmen's Compensation
Supplies and Equipment
1
iscellaneous
Indirect Admin. Costs
accounting Jan. --:
28,741.74
873.60
188.68
1,622.03
8,217.94
10,510.25
2,542.01
266.o8
8 268.26
Total EXpenses for 1961 $ 61,230.59
This is a true &tateru or us expended-and
obligated funds of th- rant for 1961
as shown by the Unix
1 Yavo cyamtncd and arovod ti o mibmittwl
clxpon.(111.,uve3,
tliur
Tt;S/C1-11e41.Di i
Pate '
RECEIPT
Receipt is hereby acknowledged of the following check:
Cashiers Check No. Z-064726,
O._ drawn o
ayable to the
TSON
a continuation of
Subproject No. �.
oT
To eta.
qatema.
ercsa cultural. tag,
, .
DRAFT
8 March 1961
tS14011.41411114 FOR: TIE 1",:cORD
SUWECT', : Project MKULTRAI Subproject 95
1. The purpose of this Subproject Ia to support
additional-year the work p
the field of cross .cultural meaning systems. Alt ough this funda-
mental work is being carried, out within an abstract conceptual .
framework) its results-can be directlyirelevant to Agency problems
and the technical support .of political-activities.
2. When this project was-proppped it was anticipate& that
the origimilverk would take three years. The planned work is on
schedule and the results have been yery_patisfaetory.The first
annual progress report is attached.
3. This project will Wfunded.through:the
_r security and cover purposes
and the acc unttng-for funds expended in it .shall conform to the
established p e-tices of_that organisation. It is not anticipated
that any y.i.tanont equipment Will be required -for the project.
4! Tzavel funds expended Underthis project and normally
re1vibura..,s;41e b aall conform to the
accounting pr9ctic6s of that (wools ion.
5. The total cost of this program for a period of one
year to estimated not to exceed 03,390.00 as indicated in the
budget attached. However, at the present time the project will only
be extOaded for a period of four months.. The cost of this project
for this period will not exceed $15,000.00. Charges should be mad
-
against Allotment 1125-13907.3902. It is anticipated that the
remainder of the funds for_the_project_yeaxwill be made available
from 11-'62 money when available..
_6. olds an Agency covert aPproval. All-Other.-
project personnel are unwitting -and the project-will be conducted
88 an anode
rch program.
ATPROMD ROR OBLI0AION0F WI DS: TSB/Research Branch
Date �
APPRWSD FOR ADDITIONAL OBLIGATION
OF FUNDS: 048,390.00 against
Ailottr.nt 2125-13 _3902
9
Date__
�1Research D ec �r
1051
_
-Pttachment:
Budget & Progress Report
Distribution:
Original Only
Cost Account �
Date
Reinnrks and References
Obligations
Incurred
Obligations
Liquidated
Un iquidated
Balance
�
24 i.14.A
i
11 di
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3 g61
a
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ATTFicr;(-)N DIN/le/on
INT:APA,� St;t4pro
ft ti ont4. AtethorinGt i C41 3
Vr,le;71. tht
;f1
.ty c_rat
1 the wealorafidum dated 13 April 1953
fr-C; 3 IT:i tr3 th Fuld the ext4-:r, s tw.1 thict uths rity *.U=
3)0.(20
zw,quz=r,t, (mpor:4,11.1.1.1, 1NN.-1 EspprOVii`d, ci-(vi
ceoer-r-0-1 fmt5.3 crprr
� Tro5cc.t`e e:tvn-40.3 ndKt-v:3'111d Ixel:*'re;ed to oat centor
ATITW20 71,'OR OnlaATIO3
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tute:
Di tri
07-10ne) PeAreauee
TSD/FASS
2 , TSDAS.
' 0 Re!tearth Branch
I CERTIFY T4AT FUNDS ARE AVAKABili
4q1.10).11,)24 Ez y: F
ctiAPOt 10 t
AUTt 10R.Zilici OFFICE&
el:E? ilgas
VL
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t OWear
Li= il:rprojact 951 Invoice
1,1101-,t
lc IT.V(.4 eibovc: na9K%jr..,ct iu cittfeloas
1 rcf,y,cot7,4 t;LA vtlyntiba Lkh 011i4.1a:
OaShitlie's
cr 10,30.00_
-,01,1a to
-,ara,aa to Chic fiih
13:00-1:1 0.-tro; A:flot Of; ;:tr, RAWr thvt 31 Arzust 1X1,.
is invotcn. gol%.,Narp sinc,-.) it is �
kr...11ticw.t1 11l ba 011Gat*d for this
rrojto tha flZW'.14 ra ta=d.
e1loc'e.
Xr.vc-Lco& Cor f
Di.'1111.tiGn;
(;41-
TSD/FASS
,2 TSD/RB (file)
VD/11T; 17 July 1961
Chter Alic;
D=Ich
I tr.EU:i'v 1,i/Nt
VM
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gri�4,3t,
AUTtIOR.ZING OfFIUR
\
VTA
17 Jo
EASIAT InvolcA)
tatolint
ie 3 eamin3 Ui3ell(wo estftrojz:et
td ttpy.k=a1,112 rf..-:;10 L. 5 f011.5:113 t
s- (Aofy
J."1:1cor, a.) lAltx 13.
3. r4.1.4.7:� it, v. fiLli c c1it la
tAflt 17-01!�.ttclill 113.1 1g,; obla fckv WI;
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IKVOICE
For Service:3 ND.00
/3
a,,aaaa a. a a a a a aa S a a a a a a
ORRTIFICATIONS
a a
MS, Iffa.
(1) It is herby certified that this is Invoice_l_applyitn to avb-project
1:0 V5 of tiKULTRAp that rerformance is oativfaete-ry, that: serviece are teirig
accZaafaed in eccordance vith viutual agreements, that a detailed ageada of
the paylenta and receipts is on file in Taft, that tbia bill ia just and
correct and thlt sayment thereof has not yet been wile.
Cbier, TSD Research Branch �
Date:
(2) It is hereby certified that this invoice applies to SubrrojeetOr
of MMITRA vbich uas duly approved, end that the project is being carried out
in accordance vith the mcmarandua of 13 April 1953 fro the DOI to the DD/A,
and the extennion of this authority in subsequent memoranda.
Research Director.
CONFIDENTIAL FUNDS POSTING VOUCHER
VOUCNER NO. 7.12
DATE 2.6 :A1CHER NO. 7.12
DESCRIPTION-ALL OTHER ACCOUNTS 13.33 SA.39
STMN
I:4
D
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PAY
4:11::
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CODE
REF. NO,
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tcocvTANpNro,
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!
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YR
54.57
GENERAL
58.67
ALLOT. OR COST
ACCT. NO.
68.70
DUE
DATE
71-80
AMOUNT
DESCRIPTION-
ADVANCE Accouters 13.27
g'a
........"
P.O. NO. PROP. NO
l'alo
LEDGER
ACCT. NO.
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62.67
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CLASS
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EXPLANATION OF ENTRY
TOTALS
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674.
DATE
..-7-.9
i
PREPARED PREPARED BY
.
1DATE
L_
REVIEWED BY CEPTtF1ED FOR PAYMENT OR CREDIT
DATE SIGNATURE OF CERTIFYING OFFICER
�
RECEIPT
Receipt le hereby ackn ledged. Of the followIrg check:
Treasurer's Cheek No. 181461, dated 3 Aril 1961 in the
amount of $15,000.00, dye
payable to a
ez?z Z
Date
No:
Cost Account
Object Class
Date
. Remarks and References
Obligations Obligations
Incurred I .iquiclated
Unliquidatecl
Balance
23 n i
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ITS,Aa-ne Division
: KOWA? f.:11.thproj'ect_
uthQa'J_Cfl 1:O.._ 2
1Llaer t1 mthixi:Ity grollt,:ia In the me-irs,-..fcrAw.a
det7:!A 13 It 1955,
D3X to t'n) 71:D/A et t c-xtonsic.n Qf thls zaztcrity in
zecAW:nt Eivb-xojeet 95 raz rzevic,wly ayoro7i7:6. Under the
car,e Exth-DrIty en culditional cir 45J(40.00 has boa anthori2c
to cmc th,:) drojcnt!.3 exstensc5.; to bo ac,aint cast centex
M5-13A-.32c
Dictribntion:
Or. e) 2 . Plarestxn
TOD/Resvarch
Ctintif
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CONFIDENTIAL FUNDS POSTING VOUChER
VOUCHER NO. 7.12
� DATE 2.6 . � !VOUCHER NO. 7.12
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OE CRIPTION.ALL OTHER ACCOUNTS 13.33 4-39 43
TATION 40.42 F
45.46 47.52
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531
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ALLOT. OR COST .
ACCT. NO. I
DUE
DATE
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EXPLANATION OF ENTRY
TOTALS
DATE
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CERTIFIED FOR PAYMENT OP CRED:T
DATE
SIGNATURE OF CERTIFYING OFFICER
(s0-49;
A MG:a; i'ae3 ItZ.E-ORT: PlitIAM:' 1, 1960 �DECfM
The Croec-Cultural Generality of Moaning Syetetes
101
The firet ys r of reeearch tueder our grant hee lasen devoted primarily to
(a) eeteblishing contacts and making earesigareents for collaboration in VItri.COS -
countries, (b) prepsring a basic liet of translationeequivalent substantives for
eliciting qusdifiers in each language to he studied, and (c) collecting and Nialysing
data for Phase I (see below) in most of the countries in our or original sample.
For a variety of reacons to be given in this report, the number of COUAttleA particle
pelting in this project has been tentatively expended to nearly double the ori&t,1
number; to herKile this increase will require a relatively_areall increase in budget
for the second anal third yarn of the project, approximately $7,500 per year for
expaeriion (see budget section beles).
Progress to date may be sumreerized as follear se (1) Using groups of sub-
jects bilin-gual in English and one of six other lehetteeet being studied in our pro-
ject, en original list of 200 "cultures-common� _ substantives has been paired to a --
100 terms which Meet the criteria of ease and uniqueness of tresislation feet all 'e
lenguages. (2) Elicitation of qualifiers of these-substantives, as stimuli in 6
modified word-association Prooeclure, from 100 junior high school level males has
been aceoreplashed in the field for seven countries. (3) _Computer analysis of the -
frequency/diversity characteristics -(the -It measure) of -the sample of qualifiers has been
finlehed for five of these countries, and the NM:hex ordering of qualifiers in terms
of 11. and i (index of qualifier similarity) has been concluded for four countries.
(4) Elicitation of 'common opposites for these ordered qualifiers, to a total of 50
usable scales, has boin accomplished in the field for four of these countries.- - -
(5) Collection of data from 200 slaillzu: k.lbjects, with each scale related directly
to every other scale, and factor analysis of these data or has been completed
for two countries(_and the U.S. control). Although it is too early to
report firm conclusions, (a) correlational analysis oVhe ordering of qualifiers
nd English and appears by
(by p) as translated, is high (.81) between
inspection to he equally high for other samples, and (b) the unrotatecl factors for
and English display obvious similarities.
Since Phase 1 is by all odds the most complex and timeaconsuming of the
three phases in this research, we feel that we are just about on schedule with
regard to collecting and processing our data. However, to collect and analyse d ta
from the expanded sample will require:Abe addition of another computer assistant i
and several field workers (to assist senior people in new countries).
ga-----Aplection of the countries with which to work followed the general criteria
established a in February, 1960; that they should
represent "high cultures," by definition literate, possessed of a stabilized and
normatively-directed language and literature, of a recorded and generally known
history, and of an educational system employing the indigenous language; that they
provide a maximum of diversity in both language and culaure with a minimal number
of countries sampled; that they he reasonably accessible relative to each other;
that they have social scientists and institutions capable of collaborating in the
research.
rdingly, h following six countries se for study:
11th the UNITED STATES
erving as a common cont(ol). These research he languages represented
are given in the upper part of Table 1. Thig sample offers six different major _ e_
_�
language families (Finno-Ugric, Japanese, In o-1 Dzav1dt 1tTh,- and
Indo-European) and a variety of cultures. visite in
April, 1960 1960, and the remaining countries in uly, 1960. In each cobn ry excellent
arrangements for research cooperation were obtained.
High interest in this project has been expressed by social scientists from
a number of additional countries. Considering that one of our purposes is to develop
comparable instruments for measuring subjective culture, and also that adding to the
number of participating countries does not add proportionately to the expense and
work-load of our own staff, we have entered into arrangements for cooperative
----ere_s.earch with three additional countries, but under A single senior monitor trained
Is responsible for collecting. data In F
ve made provisional arrangements for three more where
the reseerch
F:
his extended per
plans to develop
course of
nade by
elfin with social scientists
there, but thore has bsen no
pc,xicaption
Lnalysi
Work i
a, the dir
e
-3-
in th for possible cooperative research
indicatiOn of favorable response to date. With the
trhere tha first phase data collection and
e ac7,1itional countries are muridcr adv1sement.'1
le in tkeee or
errangtrnents vAt
using their visits to
a rr er.g ents e InIOW this tArrch;
has boon a visiting professor in the Instititte date_
full instructions 12cfcre returning hone. In each a tit
6 and
mhich
list to
11 beg ven
last throe cases provi-
sions for a graduate student assirett.tat Will be necessaryq
PEOGREFIS ON PHA E I
The steps in preparing materials, collecting data, and analysing di;:ta for
Phase I fail rather naturally into seven stages. These stnges are describact
and Tr.ble 2 provides a graphic summery of progress to date in each country (areas
where arrangements 114.11/0 not been c-c4npleted are omitted from this table). Each
of theoe stages will be deacTibod in terms of field method entlfor computational
procedures and in the order of their completion. It will to noted that PilAGQ I
Involves several exchanges of infonsation betiimen the field workers and the cots.-
putational crew
Eelection of asic_Iist. of Substentives
Following roconmendations made at
search was made for sources of culturally-neutral (i.e., the so-called
fair" or "cultural universal") stimuli. This resulted in a list of 200 selected
stantives as stimulus itams to be used in the elicitation of racbdifier associations.
Grove.actical analyses of the relevant languages were performed to provide a '
uniform description, to identify the forms which the modifier7substaritive relation-
ship vould take, to idonttfy the rogularizahle morphological variations, and to
establish compatibility with the American data (the so-called noun-adjective
relationship). It was token as a.xioraatic that all field procedures would be re-
plicated exclusively in the indigenous language, without reference te translation.
The 200-item list was then field-tested (in the United States and
with native sPeakers of each language, both to acquire assured and uncontested
trzinsIMon-equivalents, and to immediately eliminate any terms which were diffuse,
ati:Ibtguous; vague or otheraise culture-bound. Similar tests e made with s � a
lishA bilinguals in this country (both
�Any su atantL
et the translation criteria for any nguago was eliminated fro
h all groups.
5
The resultant list was then further pruned on the basis of variability, productive-
ness and further intra-cultural checks of uniformity. A terminal list of 100 items
was thus derived. These items were of an order to yield a high diversity of modifier-
types in testing.
A parallel study of American college subjects was-completed at this time,
which indicated that the form of the stimulus items did not appear to be a crucial
determinant of the quantity and character of the associations elicited. This study _
employed four distinct stimulus-types: nouns, pictures of simple objects, geo-
metrical forms, and zero-types (i.e., no stimulus at all was offered). Only in the,
Instance of the geometrical forms was there any pronounced tendency for the associa-
tions to differ in quantity or character from those otherwise obtained. With this con-
firmation of the adequacy of the proposed procedures, instructions and forms were
prepared for distribution to the field-workers. (A similar study, independently done
was later called to our attention, further confirming this finding cross-
culturally). In the field, spot checks of translation reliability relative to social
dialects, idiom and precision were performedn-A sketch of the linguistic factors of
the 'entire project was distributed to field-workers.
Stage 2: Collection of gualifiers
As each group offers a unique morphology, and as there is a degree o
non-uniqueness in morphological analysis, the method of eliciting modifier-
associations decided upon was to employ appropriate-syntactical frames in each
language for the insertion of modifiers relative to the substantives -- rather than
to simply request the correct grammatical type. Illustrative frames in each language
are worked into the instructions for each group. The resultant criterion of accept-
ability of any qualifiers is therefore relative to the language in question, not to
any arbitrary grammatical scheme. Field workers are Instructed to use this criterion
in collating their qualifier data; similarly, the field workers are instructed to regular-
ize the possible grammatical variants where such features were irrelevant to the
semantic nexus of the response. - -
A group of loo young males (roughly 12-16, equivalent of junior high
sc,-..hool) is given the instructions and the list of .100 substantives in their own
language; to these items they write down the first qualifier (according to the
illuatrative frames given in the instructions) that occurs to them tor each stimulus.
The field worker collates these data, listing all the responses to each substantive
(in the orthography of the subjects, in some cases in a standardized form of trans-
cription -- e.g., for Chinese -- and with an English translation) and their frequen-
cies on a single data sheet. The English translations are for information of the
computational staff, but are not used in subsequent analyses. These data are then
mailed4.011443
-.5-
The mcoived ckfT.-4a are then carefully rosecreened to chock ths identity
c.,f grammatically variable but semantically identical items. Iron-clear modifiers
and clear non-medifierS are discarded. The remainder comprises the population
of qualifier typse and frequencies from which selection will be made for eventual
ctonstruction of bi-polas scalos.
Riau goorputatiofs_Qf isismsTpoyassisottylp-tyst
Two basic summery measures are calculaWd for each of the discovered
rivNier-typ,2et n indsos of the total frequency of ouctorenos for each modifier
aCretz3 the 100 stirsulne items and ell index of the total diversity of stimulus items
eliciting the given rsodifier. It is felt that these WO irkelazures are most useful in
indicating the relative 'linguistic utility" of earsh qualifier-type, as they take into
sccount both a qualifier's emission frequency and ita breadth .of usage.
In order to standardize and summarize the total effect of these two indices,
the entropy measure, J-1, is calculated for each qualifier-type. The qualifiers
having the highest Il thus display the greatest overall frequency and generality of
U�1, and qcolifiers ;thus ranked (and translated into English) can be compared
across all groups. Data already collected and analysed in this manner indicate that
the H-ranked qualifiers Fire well correlated in translation. (Translation compar-
ability does not require 1:1 correspondence -- which is practically impossible �
but rather the repreaentatiOn of extremely chow-ascribed "semantic areas which permits
a comparison and con elation procedure such as that employed, and supports its
validity).
The Fess-son-product moment correlati
ranked modifiers of the American an
coefficient for the first 200
moles was computed to be .81
and indicatas that the md ondentiy-deivod modifierstypes have extraordinarily
high translation comparability for the two groups. Although the comparable correla-
tions for the remaining groups are still in progress, a rudimentary inspection of the
ruf data in hand indicates that the same order of comparability will undoubtedly
obtain. This result Is of considerable importance; it both validates the procedures
against certain cxitig7,1sms and, more importantly, substsntiates the hypothesized
generality of meaning systems even at the level of selective qualifier usage.
mq. 4: .9election of aRpprescntjive Lassele of Qualifiers
This stage involves the procedures used to select the basic qualifier lists
for ech group from the population of qualifiers obtained. It is, in many respects,
the most crscial part of the Phase I onalysis. The selection criteria must have,
as thsix *rid result, the selection of modifiers which fully sample the range of
'sernssaSio' dimensions ersployed.by the subjects, and therefore, by implication,
osycholinguistically comprehensive for the language itself.
-6-
Furthermore, it is of paramount importance that all procedures be analytic, re-
producible ubiquitously, and independent of cultural determinants. Informant-
translations, dictionary-translations and glosses do not answer these requirements..
After a number of trials, the correlation measure phi was finally adopted.
Ibis measure utilizes the character of the distribution of the modifier responses
to the substantive stimuli, and indaxes the similarity of that distribution between
all modifier pairs. This procedure is in many respects similar to the operational
definition employed by some schools of linguistics, in attempting to derive an
analytic criterion for moaning. The meaning of any given form, in this view,
becomes the pattern of distribution of the possible environments in which the form
appears within the entire corpus. In the present study, the 100 item stimulus
list becomes the corpus (i.e., the potential environment sow-ce).
Face validation of this procedure was sought by examining the content
of the qualifiers found to correlate highly in distribution. In the main, items
with high distributional similarity were those with high judged 'semantic' simi-
larity. Although lexical identity cannot be perfectly achieved, this procedure
fulfils the aforementioned requirements closely and was, therefore, adopted.
Additional evidence for the validity of the procedure was obtained in the subse-
quent factoring of the paired adjective similarity measures discussed below.
The procedure as finally adopted correlates the distributional overlap of
each of the modifiers with its next higher H-ranking qualifier in order. Lower
ranking qualifiers with plaj coefficient positive correlations with preceding higher
yanking qualifiers beyond the .005 significance level are discarded. This process
Is continued until 60-70 modifiers are selected or the population is exhausted,
each selected modifier being compared with all previously retained modifiers.
The selected modifiers constitute the sample of potential terms to be used in the
construction of bi-polar scales.
�tage .,51 Elicitation of Opposites
The aforementioned list of 60-70 selected qualifiers is now submitted to
the field worker for the elicitation of opposites. The lists are submitted by the
field workers to approximately 10 independent informants who are judged linguisti-
cally sophisticated in the Mother Tongue. Opposites are selected on the basis
of unanimity of judgments. Where identical majority antonyms do not occur, items
are re-submitted to informants on a forced choice basis. Fifty modifiers and their
opposites are scught on this besis. Those in excess of SD are discarded on criteria
of linguistic similarity, ambiguity or inappropriateness, where otherwise unanimity
has been achieved, but these discards are of items in the lower 11-ranking.
ata-i= VS:7-tc-Tar.ISzlig f/A0ti
To esaess the fectods1 stmcturos of the hi-polar scales thus obtained,
second sample of subjects is umxi in a paired-sample task, (scale-against-
scale analysis).
Preliminary 1nottcjt(on on the design of this task have been carried out
fri the United atates end The preltminwy fma-employad all possible cOia-
binations of pairs of the 50 scales combinatioas varying in the ordering of the
ecelos within each Jrp,.3 and the direction of tha opposites. This form contained
4,900 judgraents obtained from a total of 200 cabinets in each -country. X.cych
judgment reflocnd th* degree of raez'olingful relationAhip felt to obtain by the
subject betworm every scale and every other scale in the total 50 scales.
Analysis of the data indicated that the rrelations between the normal
and reversed ordering wore high. Reliability checks for the American data showed
that the reliabilities for all variations in ordering of the constituent pair items
were uniform and high. These reliabilities ranged between r- 13 .73 tor .80.
Although the cooralations between conditions in these data were high, it was felt
that one of the conditions -- that involving a reversal of the direction of the
scale-opposite-terms -- was sufficiently low (correlations between judgments
obtained for the hi-polar scale in order A-D with those for ordEr II-A being between
.84 and .89 after correction for attenuation) to warrant experimental control. Con-
trolling.for this one verieblo and discarding control of the second resulted in the
decision to reduce the total judgment task to 2500 items. This new task has been
submitted to disownd in t*ing-completed there and in the USA. The re-
presentation of this scgment was con3idered deshabld in view of the changed format
of the Judgment forms' and as an occasion for a second cross-validation of the
Ehortan;t1 procedure. The shortened procedure is also mOre desirable for field
techniques.
.0,1230_7: ggixebtional and1 'c I ysj12L?hasaIData
The Procedures within this segment are entirely uniform and do not depend
upon cultural end/or morphological variability. The scale-on-scale judgments are
summarized In the form of mean ratings for each of the inter-scale comparisons
and returned _ or analysis, These mean ratings are then factor-analysed
�Hexing Thurstone� s.centrold model, after the ancillary inter-correlations between
etc,ch of the scale mean ratings and all others have boon corputed...__The proportion
of variance accounted for by each of the extracted factors is insprtcted and decisions
olcorning the numhz=r of factors ore made with regard to the number of factors which
contribute to a meartinvinl sittrarnery of the total variance,
8..
The Witham criterion for orthogonal rotation of factors is being tentatively
employed in this terminal segment of Phase I. Min rotation scheme was chosen
because of its empirically-verificd approximation to "simple structure criteria.
The technique tends to redistribute variance in the large first factors produced by
the Centroid methods more overtly across the total battery of rotated factors.
The coppleted analyeis on the American ezta indicates that sufficient
nur.3bers of orthogon0 ccalos vere present in the scale-on-scale task to display at
lest three distinct factors. These are identifiable as those component factors
found i.e., those termed Evaluation, Petency and Activity. The un-
rotat ta!display obvious sita1larit$4ss to the IT.),11 Cri.Can .
It is clear that the data analysed to date replicate and confirm the findings
of earlier investigations. In ViEli.r of the fact that the procedures developed for
the present investigation vtere in all respects independent of that earlier work,
these findings are particularly gratifying. The na1ysca performod to date in
Phase I also support in all respocts the predicted generality of the affective
dimensions of diverse cultures. Phase II will be initiated _ and the
USA early this spring, and in several other countries by this summer. F
EU1XETA1X CON 1�Telt110118
Tol-,13 3 pre7Grxts a summery of the expenditures for the Met year mied
of the cct,AirceTt. 1t 4U o notel that a balance of $1,805.30 ever the estimated
1-esdget for 0113 period ma rocorded. Iteas fuei�ls represent ow-4112ns incurred
during the first yoer period whioh heve not ca yet heesn peid out. tice'oble arsom
there ae-yet-to-Lsepeid expe�neee ere the leo* and reiseellenstoug expenses for
pmeonre4. As a censcluence, the lealmeco hes not been upplied to
the succeceilog yer e3timetee of exwnditure.
Tehle 4 eents the eunteery of the origkeel and eevieod beeeet estiraate3
for the seem-A seel third years of the eontrectuel resTiod. Itesee reprogenting
in-
cesea over the oeleiral estiesetes axe Adesieeated by `14.s. The totel increase in
requested Leeds is Cfilioeitcd t bo, $17.772 for the rceatitires Uft) yeers of the
contract. This 'pee:reale ceeresee the following anticipated eaceeenditures:
PS3.1i; ig thet the sn esies of the two full-time contract
. ,
esepIoyes-,e, � � be increased by $500 eeeh, an incresre
de,oreed eppropriate In vi of % quality of their services to date ared in keepine
with the general inereanes in ecedarnic-salseriess for persons of comparable rank.
It is rico proposed that the salery of tha helf-time secretary be increesed by $450
In view of the reepensibilittes end character of this ponition as it has been defined
by the first yeees work. Regular selery increases of $50 have been authorixed
i5 by for ell teed:wale ereduate ntudent essiBtlete and have been noted
In the teblo. It is proposed that an additional half-time gradnate
edded to the contract pereoesolIn VielY of the increased Work Iod
the proposed ze,dittorrel asciatant, is a greduate student major in st Ics with
extensive computer experience. Iler salary an an assistent is far below that which
she could reezonably expect if employed elsewhere.
Rettrement:red WorlsRen.'s cprrilean:t.ion: The increase in expenses
covering compensetion and retirement fund.s follows the total increase In personnel
salaries. The caleulations are as noted in Table 4.
.e,,te2elies; In vim of the increased scope of the project an
additional reeveet for funds for paper, mimeo stencils and the like amounting
to $500 for each of the remaining two years is made. This increase would cover
the necessary paper costa for the extensive subject forms anticipated to be needed.
isonycli
be reqvired In
Several additional
assistants will
anticipated to-bee included in the investigation semple.
-10-
nputeLfacilittes: The increase In funds requested foi
this buet no E1P1, to $1,000 for each of the remaining two years reflects
the 8nttci� additional calculation coats. In terms of the doithled Sample size
this increase 16 relGtively small. It is entictyntad that the edditional casts will
not ha great bccc.use of the standard and efficient operations already developed
for processing the data in the first year's period.
Total go,stsprrr_year: The total expected COMS cre thus eatimated to he
$8,885 in excess of the orlgiaially allocated funds for ockch year remaining.
Country
TABLE I
ILaMe fnliz
U.S.A. EngliSh ' Indo-European
Finnish Finno-Ugric
Japanese � Japanese
Cantonese Sino-Tibetan
Kannada I DravidUn
Farsi Tndo-Europcan
Arabic Semitic
Hindi* Indo-European
Karst** Indo-European
Flemish Indo-Europ
French Indo-European
Itatch Indo-European
Polish Indo-Europem--
Serbian
Swedish Indo-Europcan
Russian Indo-Europcan
Indo-European
NOTES:
Eco)eet status Eipld-cellt Monitor,.
in progress
in progress
in progress
in prog.ress
in progress
in progxess
in progress
advisement3
advisement
in_prouess_-
in progress
in progress
-advisement
advisement
advisement
advisement
so001114
*Hindi will be supplemented with Urdu which is morphologically the same, differs only
in script and some items of lexicon, but presents a religio-cultural contrast.
*ilThis national contrast will be supplemented by Pashto when methois for dealing with
preliterate-literate cquival testin have_been evo, The preen t contrast is
cross-national (and historic
3. "Advisement" refers to several different. t7rs.- ef status -- z-t7v text.
2
C �Wit
USA
-
ABLE 2
Word Sseraents of Mace I Ctv-anletPd! and in Prociresjn ;
Each of the Pw-t.icimtin Countrien
X
Stp:6.5r.... Number
2 3 4 5
0
X
X X X
X X. X X
X X
0
NCCE: See text for ident,ification of work 2.egient,
indicate,! work cry.:ndleted, indiok,to:-. ',.;o:�1.7.. now in
prot;reSS �
c4:06gre0 aq6e1:11 oTax19.0
VAI$Ere#3,
6(�61-c
9c �o'9
)A�564
oqe�e9
o'C00%
Pir9LO`IT
OrLE9
60'n9
6a�691
0494N
59'059'914
vspictikr
OLYCZO`9
00� 000't
00 000 'I
CO*000%
W000'01.
oiyoWT
onv)
oOlizz
0099't
ocrist 'GO
NW( 't,iiTITYZI VW-CP X X �NT4V. "
TOM
�ottlit
g1uo3 PostrinI
ootTar4tio0
luTxtammg
takws
?qJX
UOT TA03 a a 17,-:-`1313:-.7/41
Toxtrz ,,).-3,vka
Principal Investigat
Resc.axch Assist-9,1A
Research Assistm.
Research Assistant,
Rtseerch Assistant
Research Asaistan ,
Research Assistant
Flecretary, 1/2 time
Clerical help, 25 hours
week
Retiretrent
9.66% salaries of full-tine staff
Workmen's Compensation
1% all salaries end vgee
INpcnclabXe Supplies
Mimeo stencils, paper, etc.
Telephone, stemps, etc.
Travel
Honoraria
omputer facilities
Total Direct posts
liadyect Costs W11
T919,1 per Tear
Alditionsl Revest.
Original
Estimate
1/1/61
12/31/61
$ 1,667
7,500
7,500
2,
2,1k0
1,500
1,500
$26,86.1
1,759
269
1,000
9010
10,000
5,000
2,000
. 47,395
7,109
$54,504
Revised
Estimate
1/1/61
12/31/61
Original
Estimate
1/1/62
12/1/62
n vised
tizzate
1/1/62
12/1/62
1,667
$ 1,667
* 1,667
8,00o+
7,500
atom).
8,000+
7,500
8,0oo4
2,450+
2,400
2,450+
2,400
2,450+
2,450+
'
2,400
2,450+
2,450+
1,9504:
1,5(N)
1-,950+
1,500
1,500
1,500
$12,11
$260a,
t12/211
1,896+
1,759
, 8961-
269
1,5004
1,009
1,5004
500
500
500-
10,000
3)000
3,000
1,000
3,000+
3,000+
2,000
3,000+
55,122
36,395
k4,322
8,268
5,459
6,618
$63,390
$41,854
$50,71to
$ 8,886
$ 8,886
M010.7.1 Foa cmyrk rua
APOLVIOa - Pivance Division
STMOT : NTATULtk� Eubproilsct_g, Authorizatioa Eo.
tia:1;i:r.the authority gronted in the mmorsndua dated 13 April 1,953.4
fhWA tIse DU to the DWA and tho extonalon of this authority-in sub-
caputt =orenfla, Saproject 0 was provicusly- appz,ovaa. War the
moo autboT'ity aa 0.dAtonal cum ol:_42,5,P.D10(0 � tss bsaa authorized
to cov�ar tbfa subpnojacts exps,uses,'to be chargeil at!,aiust cost cenUT
0430- 902, _
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TE0/11scarch Droach
AIT-2,0'W,I) 703 01-If$0,11a0.13 C?
Pate:
Diotrtbutioa:
Crit� M 2 Aadros*oe
Memorandum to
Subject:
Attached please find a copy o
budget indicating an increase of $8
for 1961 and 1962.
I am also enclosing -a copy of
in accor&nce with my instructions-
Feb. 24, 1961
rogress report and new
�t over the original estimates
Please eocpedite. this proposal so we can keep everything
Thanks.
1/4
s sent
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