NEW ENGLAND THE CRADLE OF AMERICA'SINDUSTRIALIZATION SPEAKER ANTOINE GAZDA

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 02223768
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: March 9, 2023
• Document Release Date: February 25, 2021
• Case Number: F-2021-00573
• Publication Date: April 23, 1947

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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS AND
R. L SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
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THE CRADLE OF
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R. I. Society of Professional Engineers inc.
195 Angell Street, Providence 6, R. I.
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First 20mm. Oerlikon A. A. Cannon
Switzerland 1936
Mr. Antoine Gazda, experimenting with the first rapid
firing 20mm. Oerlikon A.A. Cannon, initiated by him and
developed with the Oerlikon Machine Tool Works,
Zuerich-Oerlikon, as the "RIGHT ANSWER FOR THE
COMING DIVE-BOMBER MENACE."
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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23, 1947, AT 8:00 P. M.
PROVIDENCE ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDITORIUM
JOINT MEETING
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
CHARLES A. MAGUIRE, PRESIDENT
AND
R. I. SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
CHARLES E. BLAIS, PRESIDENT
SPEAKER
ANTOINE GAZDA
SUBJECT
"NEW ENGLAND, THE CRADLE OF
AMERICA'S INDUSTRIALIZATION"
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INTRODUCTION OF MR. ANTOINE GAZDA BY RISPE PRESIDENT CHARLES E. BLAIS,
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23, 1947, AT JOINT MEETING OF RISPE AND ASCE HELD AT
PROVIDENCE ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDITORIUM.
Officers and Members of the Rhode Island Society of Professional En-
gineers and Officers and Members of the Providence section of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, distinguished guests and friends. As you all know
this is a joint meeting of the RISPE and the ASCE one of many such meetings
that have been held during the course of the current year between the RISPE
and other affiliated engineering groups. 'Under the original joint meeting plan,
arrangements provided for the opening of the meeting by the Chairman of
the ASCE and the presentation of the distinguished guest speaker by the
President of the RISPE. I am sorry to advise that the Chairman was inad-
vertently called to Washington on urgent business and due to his inability to
preside at the opening phase of our interesting program, I have responded to
a request made by the officers of the ASCE to pinch hit for him. At the outset,
I wish to express my sincere appreciation for the opportunity to serve both
Societies in this dual capacity. I deem it an honor and a pleasure to be called
upon for the purpose of presenting a distinguish fellow engineer whose fame
as an international inventor and industrialist is world wide.
The guest speaker of the evening came to this country from Switzerland
early in 1940 for the purpose of manufacturing a most effective defensive
weapon to combat the deadly and destructive dive bombing tactics of the
Huns. At the outset of his search, he had a good opportunity to appraise New
England's capacity for producing this much needed precision built weapon,
that was developed in Switzerland in 1936. Accordingly, the Oerlikon Cannon
was produced in the United States in vast numbers for the British Admiralty
which was in sore need of this new weapon. Following our entry into the War
the program of production which started in Rhode Island 18 months before
Pearl Harbor had reached a high level of efficiency particularly in Rhode Island
where exceptional facilities had been provided for making a supreme con-
tribution for fulfilling the demands of the United States Navy's requirement
for a superior war weapon. At this point with your kind permission, I wish
to digress slightly to personally express to our guest speaker my sincere and
heartfelt thanks for his mighty contribution that so effectly neutralized the
dive bombing attacks of our ruthless enemies and hastened the termination
of hostilities.
I am especially grateful to our guest speaker because through this efforts
the duration of the war was materially shortened and I like many of you who
suffered through months of fearful anxiety regarding the fate of our loved ones
was once again rewarded by their return to us. It is my firm conviction that
when history finally reveals the complete story of the war that our guest speaker
will be presented to us as a truly great man whose mighty efforts did so much
in so little time to forever efface the threat of our diabolical enemies. In the
post war world our guest speaker is diligently employed in producing equip-
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ment for peace time needs important among these is the jet-propelled heli-
copter, he is a strong supporter of this type of flying machine and anticipates
its use extensively in a post war world. Although his principal peace time
interests are concerned with civilian aviation in which he has had over thirty
years experience, he is still engaged in armament research for the U. S. Gov-
ernment. He is a great booster for Rhode Island, his conviction is firm in
the belief that the precision mechanics and master craftsmen are found in
great numbers within the confines of Rhode Island and herein lies our success-
ful future.
Gentlemen, it is an honor and a privilege to present to you our guest
speaker of the evening, a great man, a humanitarian, a great industrialist and
a fellow engineer, Antoine Gazda. � Mr. Gazda.
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Lecture given by Mr. Antoine Gazda before the
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS AND
RHODE ISLAND SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS,
on April 23, 1947.
Mr. President, Gentlemen:
It certainly is a great honor for me to be with you tonight,
and I was happy to be able to accept Mr. Blais' kind invitation to
address this distinguished gathering.
Not being much of a speaker, and my Austrian mother tongue
still struggling with my English, I felt a little uncomfortable when
Mr. Blais asked me to address you. As a matter of fact, I felt like the
Duke of Wellington before the Battle of Waterloo, when he was
asked what his chances were and what he thought about his Gen-
erals; he answered, "When the enemy is as afraid of my Generals as
I am, then I shall win the battle". And he did.
Another problem for me was the subject on which to speak
to you.
Being in New England, the cradle of the great American
industry, and having myself been connected for a life-time with
patents and industry, I decided to talk to you about New England
industry, particularly in Rhode Island, where I settled in 1940 to
organize a new branch of industry.
You may be interested to know why I chose Rhode Island.
I came to this State in 1940, although this was not my first
visit to America. As a matter of fact, I had been' here eight times
before, each time fascinated anew by the tremendous and exciting
strides in ideas and production methods made by America's justly
famous engineering talent. I was already very familiar with Amer-
ican mass production � especially in the automotive and aviation
industries, in which I had many friends, having previously visited
their plants from the East to the West Coast.
When I flew to the United States in May, 1940, a few weeks
before the collapse of France, I carried with me all the manufactur-
ing drawings of the 20-mm. Swiss Oerlikon cannon. This new
weapon had by then been recognized by the British as the right an-
swer to the dive-bomber, against which they were now engaged in
a life-struggle, and it was my intention to organize the production of
this cannon in the United States for the British Admiralty. After my
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arrival in 1940 I traveled all over the States, renewing my friendships
with industrialists, Wall Street bankers and Government officials,
and trying to interest them in the manufacture of this weapon, or
parts of it, for the British.
To my astonishment, I discovered, during this visit, that this
big, highly industrialized country, America, famous for its mass
production, as a peace-loving Ration had the smallest defense indus-
try, in proportion to its size and resources, that I had ever come
across. In fact, for its gun models it was almost entirely dependent
upon foreign designs and licenses. Switzerland, the oldest democracy
in the world, is also well-known as a peace-loving nation, though a
small one, but I found that in America there was not one armament
factory organized and equipped in a manner to compare with our
Swiss-Oerlikon Works. There were practically no machine-tools tts
be had for immediate use for armament work. �There was only a
minimum percentage of toolmakers and skilled workers for arma-
ment work. This situation, of course, was not favorable for my pro-
gram. However, I was not discouraged by all these setbacks, and
proceeded with my plan, as I wanted to fulfill the promise I had
given to the British Admiralty when I warned them of the collapse
of France � that I would ensure delivery of Oerlikon cannons from
America. When the unbelievable happened, and France did fall,
the Swiss Oerlikon Works were, of course, no longer able to deliver
to England, and my purpose was to hasten production here of the
20-mm. Oerlikon AA cannon which the British Fleet now needed
so urgently.
I had heard about New England's machine-tool and textile
machinery indusfries. Also, Governor William Vanderbilt of Rhode
Island had heard of my presence in this country and of my plans.
He sent Mr. William Allen, Chairman of the Industrial Commission
of the State of Rhode Island, to New York to invite me for a visit to
Providence. This visit soon convinced me of the skill of New Eng-
land's labor and its adaptability to my plans. A large proportion of
the plants and shops in Rhode Island were at that time idle, and my
idea was that these would form an excellent basis for the American
production of Oerlikon cannons. I made my headquarters with the
Rhode Island Industrial Commission, who furnished me with a desk
in its offices, and I immediately went to work, with the assistance of
the Secretary of the Commission, Mr. Clifton N. Lovenberg, and
Mr. Cockrell, consulting engineer of the Commission, to locate pro-
duction capacity for this cannon in Rhode Island.
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Before I left Switzerland, the Swiss Oerlikon Works had
shipped a 20-mm. Oerlikon AA cannon, as a prototype to the
United States. Unfortunately, this cannon never reached the United
States, as it was captured on the boat in Bordeaux by the Germans
when they overran France. Nevertheless, I was able to arrange with
the British Admiralty to bring another Oerlikon cannon to the United
States by destroyer, and when this cannon reached New York I
shipped it immediately to Providence. As soon as the Oerlikon ar-
rived here, I contacted General Herbert R. Dean, then in charge
of the Rhode Island National Guard, and asked for his assistance.
General Dean gave me his full cooperation, and placed at my dis-
posal the State Armory in Cranston, where this Oerlikon cannon was
exhibited, ,under heavy guard, so that interested manufacturers might
be able to compare our drawings with the actual parts.
I invited Rhode Island manufacturers to view the cannon
and drawings, and discussed their possibilities of manufacturing parts
for this cannon. When I realized the favorable potentialities existing
in Rhode Island, I instructed one of our Swiss Oerlikon engineers,
Mr. Lameraner, whom I had left in London, to come to Providence
to assist me in establishing the sub-contracting organization for pro-
ducing this gun in Rhode Island.
I am happy to say that here in Rhode Island I received a great
deal of eager and active co-operation in my plans. However, among
other obstacles � which I found particularly in Washington � I
had to overcome resistance from Rhode Island sources which had no
sympathy with Britain's war, ignoring the possibility of this country's
being involved and showing little appreciation of the danger the
world was facing in those days. I also had opposition from sources
which did not care to see competition in the Rhode Island labor
market.
Finally, it was in this little State of Rhode Island that I had
the privilege of transforming idle work-shops and textile machinery
plants, in the shortest time, into important participants in the founda-
tion of what was to become a gigantic United States armament in-
dustry. In spite of the lull existing in those days, it was the traditional
fame of New England's industry that brought me to this progressive
State of Rhode Island seven years ago.
When Governor J. Howard McGrath took office, he asked
a friend of mine to arrange a meeting with me. When I met the
young Governor, he complimented, me on what I was doing to im-
prove the economic status of the State, and for the Allied war effort,
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and urged me to call on him directly in any matters in which he
could be of assistance. From that time onwards he was my keenest
supporter in all I did for the Allied war effort.
With its traditional industrial spirit, Rhode Island proved
equal to the task when, eighteen months before Pearl Harbor, I
started there mass production of the now famous 20-mm. Oerlikon
AA. cannon for the British Admiralty.
Soon came the terrifying news of the Fall of France, � which
I had foretold, which everyone had refused to believe, and which
was the reason that brought me to America this time. The Nazi
occupation of France made it impossible for Switzerland to con-
tinue deliveries to England, and the British Government immediately
sent me a hurry-up call to investigate the possibilities of speediest de-
livery of Oerlikon cannons from America. The British had by now
learned by tragic experience of the danger of air-power. They had
seen the terror of the dive-bombers, which had devastated Poland
and Belgium, and which had sent many of their own ships to the
bottom of the sea. No longer did the British ridicule the danger from
the air to ships, as they did in 1936, when I developed this Oerlikon
cannon model and proposed it as the only defense against the coming
dive-bomber.
You will be interested to hear that it had taken me almost
three years to convince the British Admiralty of the necessity of this
new anti-aircraft defense. During the years 1937, 38 and 39, I had
to fight against many skeptical ordnance experts to get this powerful
cannon introduced into British Admiralty service. Most of these
experts felt that the mighty battleships and destroyers of the Royal
Navy could easily cope with any threat from the air, and that they
had nothing to fear. Some even relied on their mighty 16-inch can-
nons. My records of those years show that it took me 238 meetings
with the Admiralty officials, during 380 days' stay in England, to
accomplish the introduction of this defense which they came to need
so desperately.
In my efforts to convince the British Admiralty of their need
of this new armament against the coming dive-bomber, I was for-
tunate in having the support of Lord Louis Mountbatten � then
a Commander in the Royal Navy � who was one of the first to
recognize the significance of this powerful new defense, and who
gave me his unceasing assistance and encouragement. It was he
who arranged so many of my important meetings and who accom-
panied me on my visits to influential officials. indeed, it was
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largely due to Lord Louis Mountbatten's foresight and persistence
that the British Admiralty finally accepted the Oerlikon cannon as
anti-aircraft defense. He even came to America at the beginning
of 1941, and, on the basis of his own battle experiences as Com-
mander of destroyer flotillas, convinced the United States Navy of
the fact that the Oerlikon cannon was the best defense against the
Axis dive bomber. Throughout those difficult years of struggle, I
was indeed grateful to have Lord Louis' support. I am happy to
say that during that time there developed between us a real friend-
ship, of which Lord Louis gave ample proof during a temporary
period which was for me personally a dark and critical one. Only a
few months ago we met again, in happier circumstances, in Switzer-
land, when now Admiral Viscount Mountbatten of Burma had to
interrupt his skiing holiday to obey the order he had just received to
assume the difficult task of being the last Viceroy of India.
When America entered the war, little Rhody was ready for
Uncle Sam, and was able to shift its Oerlikon cannon production
for the British Admiralty to the United States Navy. The Oerlikon
cannon was immediately adopted as America's best defense against
dive-bombers and Kamikazes. Everything afloat in the Allied Na-
vies � from the humblest fisherman's boat to the mighty "Queen
Elizabeth" (which carried eighty Oerlikons) � had to be equipped
with 20-mm. Oerlikon AA Cannons. My Rhode Island organiza-
tion, the American Oerlikon Gazda Corporation, whose mass pro-
duction was by then in full swing, also had to help to tool up the
General Motors and the U.S. Navy Hudson plants, as well as numer-
ous sub-contractors for the speediest manufacture of Oerlikon can-
nons for the United States Navy.
Now it may be revealed that over 460,000 men and women
were employed in making this 20-mm. rapid-firing anti-aircraft can-
non in the United States during the war, and on this Oerlikon pro-
gram alone the U.S. Government spent over $2,800,000,000. �
(two billion eight hundred million dollars). Rhode Island itself pro-
duced $187,000,000's worth of Oerlikon cannons.
These figures show, not only how vital to the war effort this
Oerlikon cannon proved to be, but also what an important con-
tribution to that effort was made by Rhode Island industry.
I believe I am not wrong in saying that some of the gentle-
men here tonight have contributed a significant share to the pro-
duction of this cannon in Rhode Island.
As industry is so obviously dependent on invention, and as
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many new industrial ideas first saw the light in New England, I
should like to say a little about inventions.
Everyone realizes that it is to American inventive genius that
the prosperity of this great country is so largely due; the names of
some of great American inventors -- Edison, Steinmetz, the Wright
Brothers, Henry Ford, and others � are a proof of this. The Amer-
ican mode of living, economically and socially, is and always will be
influenced by the achievements of inventors and scientists; indeed,
the course of the whole world's progress will depend upon the
achievements of such men. Unfortunately, those responsible for
guiding the world's destiny do not always recognize this. For ex-
ample, when the San Francisco Conference tried to shape the post-
war world � a world of peace � they came to the anachronistic
*. conclusion that the key to a peace-guarantee would be a strong air-
force. In so doing they neglected to take the scientists into account,
and it was not long afterwards that they were shocked into realiza-
tion of the power of the scientists. The atomic bomb was released,
demonstrating a force whose significance had been entirely disre-
garded by the United Nations representatives at San Francisco, and
on which the nations of the world have still been unable to agree.
A new problem has been posed, and its solution will unquestionably
be a major factor in the shaping of the world's future, whether for
peace or for war.
We know that inventions contribute to progress, and lead
to the creation of new employment opportunities, but for an inventor
to be successful, those three great characteristics � intelligence, cour-
age and determination are indispensible, as from idea to production
is a long and thorny path, and not 'every inventor has lived to see
his brain-child materialize. �
As an inventor first of all looks for protection of his'invention
by a patent, it may be of interest to recall how the early American
inventor was protected.
It was under President George Washington that Congress
passed an Act, in 1790, for the granting of patents to inventors. The
Secretary of State in those days was authorized by the President to
perform this office, and it is known that, during the George Wash-
ington Administration, Thomas Jefferson, in his capacity as Secre-
tary of State, personally examined and granted many of the petitions
for patents. At that time petitions for patents were accompanied by
a model of the invention, and not merely by a drawing and a descrip-
tion, as is the case today.
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first protected by a U.S. patent. With the granting of patents, Amer-
for the American inventor, was also important for the industrializa-
tionworthy part. It was in that year that Samuel Slater started to run
so doing he laid the foundation for the now gigantic American tex-
tile industry in this smallest State of the Union.
Com-
missioner of Patents, industry checked over two and one-half million
inventions, patented since 1790.
to be hailed as something new and startling when rediscovered years
Amer-
ican inventive genius was encouraged. The year 1790, so important
of America, in which New England has played such a note-
his first spinning machine in the Slater Mill in Pawtucket, and by
the truest sense of the word, revolutionized the United States.
produc-
tion, and before the end of the war, as recently stated by the precisely contrived, have been fated to lie dormant for a long time,
later. Our old patent for the zipper, for instance, granted in 1893,
remained practically unknown to the general public until compara-
tively recently, and the same is true of many ideas which have con-
were invented long, long ago.
gin, the machine for separating the seeds from raw cotton, which, in
tributed to the smooth running of American life and industry.
develop-
ments, which have revolutionized their spheres in the twentieth cen-
tury,sands of years ago. Jet propulsion, a sensation in the field of modern
seven-
teenth century, by the English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton.
aviation, was invented by the Alexandrian philosopher, Hero, in
the pre-Christian era, and was again demonstrated, in the seven-
inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, who designed and even built a model
of a helicopter 400 years ago. That versatile genius was responsible
for originating more devices than he could launch in his lifetime, and
which we now take for granted as part of our everyday existence.
sun, but a new application of an old idea will awaken people to the
value of that idea.
to be an auction in New York of 20,000 early American patent mod-
. Only four years later, Jefferson issued a patent for the cotton
So it was in the year 1790, that the American inventor was
American industry is still in search of new ideas for produc-
Some of these inventions, so ingeniously painstakingly and
The helicopters, jets, rockets and other sensational Rockets were successfully used by the ancient Chinese thou-
The Helicopter was invented by the great Italian artist and
Two or three years ago I was thrilled to learn that there was
It's the same old story � There's nothing new under the
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els, and for a number of reasons I was keenly interested. In the first
place, having myself trod the thorny path of the inventor for over
thirty years, I thought I could appreciate what a story of enthusiasm,
hope, and often bitter disappointment those records could tell. Sec-
ondly, I saw in those models contributions of that American inven-
tive genius to which the prosperity of this great country owes so much.
Having a profound admiration for these models, I tried to
obtain some of them. My interest was intensified when I learned
that the models to be auctioned included some from early inventors
of New England, and particularly Rhode Island. Therefore, I was
anxious to bring them back, if possible, where they belonged � that
is to say, to the State of Rhode Island. Fortunately I was able to
secure thirty-five of these early patent models, all of them invented
by Rhode Islanders. Eight of these models, apart from their his-
torical value, are of particular industrial interest to the State of
Rhode Island, being closely identified with the great American tex-
tile industry, the cradle of which is Rhode Island. I brought these
models to Rhode Island, repaired them, put them into working order,
and awaited a suitable occasion for presenting them to their native
State. I found such an occasion when, on December 13, 1944, the
U.S. Alien Property Custodian exhibited alien patents in the Provi-
dence Public Library. At that time I had the honor of presenting
to the State of Rhode Island these thirty-five historical models of
early Rhode Island inventors, and they were graciously accepted by
Governor J. Howard McGrath. They were placed on permanent
exhibit, as an incentive to present and future Rhode Island inventors
to contribute further to the progress of New England industry.
As I said a little while ago, almost all inventions have to suffer
obscurity for a time and experience a rebirth before their value is
recognized. I am certain, however, that this will not discourage
inventors from continuing to strive for improvements in American
industry, and especially for progress in New England. No amount
of discouragement or disappointment � material or spiritual � can
quench the spark when an inventor has faith and inner conviction in
his idea � when he feels that he has something to offer which, in one
way or another, will prove to be an advance in our civilization. In-
deed, with the all-round acceleration which we, in our generation,
have witnessed � especially in the last decade � inventors of today
can surely hope that their aspirations will be reached much sooner
than those of their predecessors. Whilst the pioneer spirit of New
England is necessarily tempered with wise caution, there is today
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a keener desire than ever, on the part of industry, to find new,
forward-looking ideas. It is the men of vision who always have and
always will form the real backbone of any nation's progress, and
when that vision is supported by specialized training and the keen
business sense for which New England is famous, satisfying rewards
may be confidently expected.
The end of the war found New England eager to induce
new, out-of-State industries to replace the mushroom growth of
heavy war industries, and in Rhode Island the Industrial Commis-
sion made tremendous efforts to bring such industries to us here.
Such plants, however, although the location on the water-
front and waterways may look attractive for transportation and ex-
port, do not appear to me as suitable for New England. This region
has no steel mills, nor coal mines, nor any of the basic requirements
necessary to support a mass production program in competition with
other, more favorably endowed regions.
I do see New England's successful future guaranteed by its
traditional specialization in quality and skill, as proved so well in
precision tooling, textile machinery; jewelry and similar industries.
Adhering to this principle, New England industry will solve the dif-
ficult problem of successful competition with other industrial States
in the Union.
Thank you.
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U.S.A. 1947
Mr. Antoine Gazd.a at his desk in the laboratory
of GAZDA ENGINEERING, Wakefield, R. I.
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SPEAKER:
Antoine Gazda
Mr. Antoine Gazda, a native of Austria, and flyer in the First World War,
is well known for his armament and aviation inventions, and revolutionized
aviation when he brought out the first jet propelled Helicopter three years ago.
Ten years ago, he warned the British Admiralty of the coming Nazi dive-
bomber menace. To counteract this threat he initiated and developed with
the Swiss Oerlikon Machine Tool Works in 1936, the now famous 20 mm.
Oerlikon Anti-Aircraft Cannon, which he contributed first to the British war
effort.
Two months before the event, he forecast to the British, the collapse of
France and the French Army.
He forecast the London blitz with two-ton bombs. All the foregoing was
skeptically received and considered, until unfortunately, proved to be true.
He immigrated to the United States in Spring 1940, where he organized in
Rhode Island mass production of the 20 mm. Oerlikon A.A. Cannon for the
British Admiralty. Shortly before Pearl Harbor the United States Navy ac-
cepted the 20 mm. Oerlikon as standard defense weapon against dive-bombers.
It was this 20 mm. Oerlikon Anti-aircraft Cannon which finally crushed
the Axis dive-bombers and kamikaze.
During the San Francisco Conference � the result of which the world was
awaiting with tension � he published a sensational article expressing his
opinion that the Allied leaders of the Conference have evidently neglected to
take the scientists into account in their plannings.
He pointed out that in any future conflict, an air force would be obsolete,
and scientists will have more horrible weapons than the air force proved to
be in the last war.
Only a few weeks after this, the first atomic bomb was dropped, and
changed completely the security set-up of the San Francisco Conference.
Mr. Gazda, a member of the S.A-.E. since 1928, is still engaged in armament
research for defense weapons, although his principal interest is in the civilian
aviation and automotive field in which he has had over thirty years experience.
He is a strong supporter of the Helicopter, and hopes the time will not be
too far off before Helicopters will be used extensively itt civilian flying.
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egi.t.eiver
SUBJECT:
OUR ONLY CHANCE
By Antoine Gazda
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OUR ONLY CHANCE
By Antoine Gazda
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OUR ONLY CHANCE
By Ahtoine Gazda
Soviet Russia's ruthless imperialism with her aim for
world domination has reached the point where the rest of the
still-free world has to decide:
either attack Russia directly by military means
or
attack Russia indirectly, by organizing elements behind
the Iron Curtain, for destroying the Soviet Regime.
I believe in an indirect attack on the present political
regime of Russia and her satellite countries. The growing signs
of disillusionment of millions of peoples in Russia and her
satellite States show that there are millions anxious to destroy
this tyrannic regime.
The Soviet controlled countries, POLAND, CZECHOSLOVAKIA,
HUNGARY, etc. are becoming more and more disillusioned, as near-
ly everything produced by them - farm or industrial products -
are exported to Russia. High tax burdens and nationalization
of the private industry, business and banking have cut heavily
the purchasing power of the people in the cities, under which
also the farmers suffered.
The oppressing of the Roman Catholic, Jewish and Pro-
testant Churches in these satellite countries and the famous mock
trials of high ranking Catholic clergymen nourished the flame of
hate against the Soviet masters. Under this oppression the Roman
Catholic Church in Poland, with about ninety percent Catholics,
and in Czechoslovakia, went underground, as the Soviets have been
unable to create there a counter-force as tried with more or less
success with the Protestant and Eastern puppet Orthodox Church in
Hung-ry, ",umania and Bulgaria.
But a revolt against the Soviet in Russia and their
regime in the satellites cannot be achieved without outside help.
We have to show the people inside the Iron Curtain that they have
not been forgotten by the outside world. As Soviet Russia is not
willing to lift the Iron Curtain for permitting free exchange of
information and ideas, we have to find methods and means to pen-
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etrate the Iron Curtain and bring the truth of a free world to
these oppressed people, thus upsetting Russia's lies and misrepre-
sentation of democracy. In doing so we have to deal also with the
facts which brought Communism as an ideology to the Russian people
especially to the Russian intelligentsia.
Communism, a political program of the Soviet, has been
injected in these people as a Religion. If we want to have these
people "democratic" we have to show them the way with practical
programs of social progress.
The Soviets with the tyrannic and cruel methods in their
own country and in the satellites rule now about 800,000,000
people. The Soviets with a membership of only 6,000,000, of which
none of their own members feel safe, cannot rule for long
800,000,000 people. Periodical purges of the Communistic party,
where distrust and suspicion are growing, prove the internal weakness
in the Party and shows the vulnerability of their system.
THE EXPLOITATION OF THIS SITUATION WITH THE RIGHT MEANS
WILL BE OUR CHANCE
,1011.
Furthermore, Russia, with a hostile mixture of over a
hundred races and nations has the greatest difficulty in controlling
the millions of those masses who are eager to get their freedom.
We have to take advantage of this serious situation by
approaching the people inside the Iron Curtain and giving them
every help for their liberation. This approach and help is not an
easy task and cannot be achieved by radio alone as at present tried
by the "Voice of America". I am informed by competent sources
that short wave radio receivers behind the Iron Curtain are only
in the hands of Soviet Commissars and other officials. We know
that there are a few heroes who risk their lives and those of their
relatives in secretly listening to the "Voice of America" so far
as this voice penetrates "jammings" of the Soviets.
But this is certainly not enough to bring the people to
a revolt against their master, although there is only a small ruling
class living in luxury and comfort, with power over life and death
of millions of persecuted peoples who have lost all aspect of
human life.
Other more promising means to approach the people behind
the Iron Curtain have to be found. See:
"PENETRATING THE IRON CURTAIN BY USE OF 'TRADE WINDS".
With such means the approach has to be careful and intell-
igent and must take into consideration the different races and
nations - their mentality and beliefs and also what they have missed
most since being for over thirty years under the tyranny of the
Soviet regime.
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3
RELIGION:
A most important medium will be religion. I am reliably
informed that, in spite of the oppressing of the Church in Russia
since the early Lenin days, the Russian masses are still strongly
religious and believe in God. Of the fifteen million Russian
people in concentration camps, 20% of them are there because of
their belief in the old Russian Orthodox Church.
The Soviets soon found out that they could not risk
keeping the Churches closed and therefore set up a puppet Church
with a puppet Patriarch. This, naturally, did not satisfy the
Russian Orthodox Church and religion went underground. I know of
the existence of thousands of so-called catacomb congregations in
secret places of Russia. In these underground churches the masses
hold religious services, worshipping God and teaching secretly
Theology, and educating missionaries for Christianity.
Our appeal to, and help for free worship to God will be
a most powerful and dangerous weapon against the Soviet and more
successful than rosy descriptions of the democracy and freedom ex-
isting in America.
This has to be our first step in our approach to the
oppressed people behind the Iron Curtain.
We are very fortunate to have at our disposal for such
plans the leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church outside the Iron
Curtain at present in the Holy Trinity Orthodox Monastery in
Jordanville, New York.. This Russian Orthodox Monastery with a
Seminary under the direction of Archbishop Vitaly, ruling head of
the Russian Orthodox Church in �the United States and Canada, which
has over a hundred churches in the United States, including churches
in New York City, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, etc., and
having in the position of Dean, Dr. Nicholas Alexander, formerly
professor at Rhode Island State College, recently organized the
first World Congress of the Russian Orthodox Church since the
Russian Revolution in 1917.
This World Congress took place on November 26, 1950, in
the Monastery in Jordanville, N. Y. and was presided over by the
world leader of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Metropolitan
Anastasius, and attended by 'the Archbishops and Bishops rrom Eng-
land, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Australia, South America,
China and Persia. This world-wide council of the Russian Orthodox
Church moved toward a plan to invite other religious groups to
join their fight against Communism.
The Metropolitan Anastasius and Archbishop Vitaly with
their professors and sixty theological students found in the
Monastery in Jordanville a place where the Russian Orthodox Church
found relief from their sorrows and have started to build there a
new world center of the Russian Orthodox Church. This Church does
not recognize the red puppet Patriarch in Moscow.
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4
The Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Monastery in Jordan-
ville was founded in a very modest manner consisting of a farmhouse
in 1930 by Very Reverend Igumen Panteleimon Niznik, who is still
active as the Father Superior there. The Monastery came to import-
ance when, in 1946, Rhode Island Senators J. Howard McGrath and
Theodore Francis Green took an interest in it and opened the way
for the escape from death at the hands of the Soviets of Bishop
Seraphim and fourteen Russian Orthodox Monks and brought them to
America from Switzerland where they had found temporary refuge after
their Monastery in Czechoslovakia was destroyed. This group rep-
resents the remaining successors of the original Brotherhood of
Saint Job founded in Old Russia in 1618 for the purpose of writing
and printing religious books. They brought with them to America
priceless relics saved from destruction in Russia. Among these
relics is a particle of the Holy Cross of Jesus Christ, Holy Relics
of Saint John the Baptist, Saint Andrew the Disciple, Saint Barbara.
Saint George, Saint Job, Saint Sergius, Saint Seraphim and many
others.
On November 26, 1950, the Metropolitan Anastasius pre-
sided at the dedication services of the new Holy Trinity Church
which was entirely built and decorated by the Monks of the Monas-
tery.
With the arrival of Bishop Seraphim and his group, the
Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary was formed and chartered by the
Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York as
follows:
"The purpose for which
operate a seminary for
the secular and oblate
Orthodox Church in the
the Corporation is formed is to
the education of young men for
priesthood in the Russian
United States".
A strong course in Theological education is offered to
all men desiring to become members of the Russian Orthodox clergy
in parishes outside of the Monastery in the United States or
abroad. The Seminary's Library possesses over 4,000 titles in
eight languages and consists of books on religious topics and
Orthodoxy which are unique in the United States.
The Seminary Faculty consists of the following out-
standing educators and personalities:
The Most Rev. Archbishop VITALY MAXIMENKO, S.T.B., S.T.D.
Professor of Old Testament
Formerly:
Professor of Dogmatic Theology at the Russian Theologi-
cal Institute in Russia.
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5
Very Rev. BASIL DEMIDOFF, A.B., S.T.B., LL.D., D.D.
Professor of Church History and Polemic Theology.
Formerly:
Professor of Polemic Theology and Missioner of the
Russian Orthodox Seminary in Russia.
Very Rev. MICHAEL POMAZANSKY, S.T.B., S.T.D.
Professor of Old Testament and Slavonic Language.
Formerly:
Professor of Religion at the Russian Orthodox Seminary
in Russia.
Very Rev. CONSTANTIN ZAITZEFF, A.B., Ph. D., LL.D.
Professor of Dogmatic Theology.
Formerly:
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Petrograd
and Missioner in China.
Doctor' JOHN ANDREEVSKY', Ph.D., M.D., Litt. D., S.T.D.
Professor of Apologetics and Russian Church History.
Formerly:
Famous Physician of Neurology and later secret Professor
of Theology for the underground catacomb church in Russia.
Doctor MIRON GORCHUKOFF, S.T.B., S.T.D.
Professor of Logics and Russian Literature.
Formerly:
Professor of Language and Literature at the Russian
Orthodox Seminary in Russia.
Very Rev. Igumen JOSEPH KOLOS
Professor of Church Music.
Co-founder of the Monastery in Jordanville.
Rev. PAUL KOZLOW
Associate Professor of Music.
Formerly:
Famous conductor of Russian Church Choirs.
Rev. CIPRIAN PIJOFF
Assistant Professor of Church Arts.
Famous artist-painter of Russian Church Arts.
NICHOLAS TALLBERG
Professor of History.
Formerly:
Executive Assistant in Foreign Department in Russia
and Professor of History and Literature of the Immi-
gration from Russia.
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6
ALEXANDER BOGOTEPOV
Professor of Canon Law, Greek and Slavonic Languages.
Formerly:
Assistant Dean and Professor of Ancient Languages at
the University of Petrograd.
Dr. NICHOLAS ALEXANDER, Eng.D.
Professor of Applied Science; Dean of the Seminary.
Formerly:
Captain in the Imperial Russian Navy and Dean of
Instruction in the Imperial Russian Naval Academy.
1926-29:
Professor of Experimental Mechanics at the M.I.T.
1929-32:
Professor of Applied Sciences at the University of
Bridgeport and Director of Research Laboratories,
Sikorsky Aviation.
1932-48:
Professor of Aeronautical Engineering at Rhode Island
State College.
Since 1948:
Dean of the Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary, Jordanville,
New York.
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PENETRATING THE IRON CURTAIN BY USE OF "TRADE WINDS"
One of the simplest and most promising means to commun-
icate with the people behind the Iron Curtain would be the use of
existing "Trade Winds". This atmospheric circulation around the
globe has been known over two thousand years, having been first
described by Plato 400 years B.C. These "Trade Winds" blowing
from the high pressure area to the low pressure area along the
globe are exceedingly regular from the Northwest to the North-
eastern Hemisphere. The North Atlantic Pact Countries, favorably
located between 40� to 65� latitude as:
ICELAND, NORWAY, ENGLAND, DENMARK, NETHERLANDS,
BELGIUM, FRANCE, PORTUGAL and ITALY
would be most suitable for such plans, as would be WEST GERMANY
and AUSTRIA, as can be seen from the enclosed map: TRADE WIND
MOVEMENTS.
"Trade Winds" blowing summer and winter from the North-
east to the Northern Hemisphere with little deviation are pre-
vailing in the center of 45� to 550 cruising regularly over:
CZECHOSLOVAKIA, POLAND, UKRAINE and the heart of the
SOVIET UNION, as well as over HUNGARY, RUMANIA,
BULGARIA.
These natural air transports can carry innumerable
"Lighter-Than-Air Balloons" day and night, summer and winter
behind the Iron Curtain.
THEY WOULD BE OUR BEST MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH THE
PEOPLE BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN
These "Freedom Balloons", constructed in different sizes
for their different purposes, would so open an unparalleled and
almost untouchable way of contacting the people behind the Iron
Curtain. These balloons would be equipped with automatic release
means for their load. If they should be intercepted and shot down
they would release their load immediately (first, leaflets;
later,arms), distributing the load over the Soviet territory,
fulfilling their purpose:
DELIVERY OF THE MATERIAL BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN
A daily mass release of these "Freedom Balloons" from
different starting points - different countries - would give the
Soviets little chance to intercept those noiseless and well-
camouflaged balloons in their travel in different altitude and
speed during the day and night.
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A scientific meteorological study of these "Trade Winds",
their direction, speed, etc. would guide their starting points,
route and release time.
Set with their load timing release over previously cal-
culated targets, they would be started from:
NORTH ENGLAND and DENMARK
routed and timed for their flight over ESTONIA, LITHUANIA
crossing the North center part of the Soviet Union with
the Moscow-Leningrad area, falling between 550 and 600 in
the Ural Area, their well-guarded and secret industrial
sector.
ICELAND-NORWAY
destined for the northern part of Soviet Russia up to the
Murmansk Coast.
WEST GERMANY
destined for East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukraine,
passing the center of Russia to Samara-Orenburg.
AUSTRIA
routed for Hungary and Rumania.
ITALY
routed for Hungary and Bulgaria.
In an open war with the Soviet Union the use of these
"Freedom Balloons" could be intensified by releasing them from
planes of our Air Force over the enemy territory. It would be
more effective to release such inflated balloons from our planes,
than to drop the leaflets directly from the plane. (Main advantage:
noiseless load transportation by smallest target carried farther
by "Trade Winds".)
Furthermore, the leaflets would be framed with strips of
tinfoil (see enclosed sample) and when dropped from the balloons
would completely disrupt the Soviet radar defense system.
In war these balloons could be successfully used as ag-
gressive weapons, carrying radio transmitters, arms, firebombs and
even more destructive weapons.
Of greatest importance for success would be the strategy
and planning of such an approach to the people behind the Iron
Curtain. Such conduct could under no circumstances have the
character of "Propaganda".
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The planning has to take into consideration the different
nations, races and their religion, their mentality and has to be
planned with the advice of people who know what policies will ap-
peal most to the subjugated peoples. Their policies must capture
the imaginations of the Russian peoples. In other words, the
advice has to COMB from people who have the "know-how".
Such experts, in addition to the faculty of the Russian
Orthodox Seminary, are at our disposal for such plans.
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MAP
TRADE WIND MOVEMENTS
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REPORT ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN RUSSIA
By Dr. Nicholas Alexander
Pressures: Highest in winter (September-April) Center of Eastern
Siberia 780 - 800 mm.
Lowest in winter (September-April) Murman Coast,
Arctic Ocean 750 - 715 mm.
Lowest in Summer - South Section of Caspian Sea -
750 mm.
Western Siberia
Winter
About 50� Lat. - High Pressure belt, decreasing to
North (very rapidly), to South and West - Highest at
Lake Zaisan and upper R. Irtish.
R. Yenisei - Southern winds are prevailing.
From R. Yenisei pressures are decreasing toward N.
and N.W. as an average and particularly in winter.
From this section to E - mountains; they are favor-
able to keep heavy cold air.
From Yakutsk to W from R. Lena mountains are spreading
up to 60� N and to E of R. Lena up to the polar region.
Fall From September-October pressure decreases rapidly
toward N. Arctic Ocean from Aralo-Caspian Steppes.
In October the highest pressure is on the continent
instead of in the Ocean section.
Summer The highest pressure is in South Russia and Arab-
Caspian Steppes - 45� - 500 Lat.
Central Europe
Winter Anti-cyclones of South Russia are correlated with the
Eastern Siberia anti-cyclones; even they are spreading
to Central Europe to N of Alpes. At the sane time on
the Black Sea, cyclones are very often and pressures
are lower than in South Russia.
From this place toward N up to 550 and further pressures
are decreasing very slowly - but rapidly toward Baltic
Sea and White Sea.
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This low pressure area is spreading to SW of Iceland
and to W and N of Norway to N of Murman Coast and W
to Noraya Zemlia. This "axis" is in the directiop
from ESE to WSW. At the Meridians of Aral Sea 50-
lat. pressures are higher than in the same latitude
in European Russia.
At about 600 lat. practically there is no difference
in pressures because in Western Siberia that change
is more rapid toward N.
June - July comparatively high pressure in North
Germany remains with a little devialion to -g-aiTa
decreasing to N and NW of Europe.
On central plain Russia pressures are decreasing
from W to E but not much. Isobars y60- - 759 - 758 mm.
moving toward E in Central Russia and further than
toward N and S.
In short from Western Boundary of Russia to lower R.
Volga in R. Kama - 48� to 600 lat. pressures somewhat
higher than further to N. and S.
WINDS AND YEARLY CHANGES - AMPLITUDES
In European Russia and Western Siberia due to a
variation in pressure winds are variable.
November- February particularly pronounced and
variation is more frequest, and Isobars are very
close together.
May- September - variations are not so often and
Isobars are far apart.
Murman Coast and Norway Border
Lowest pressure in winter and yearly amplitude smaller
than in summer.
Highest Pressure in May and greater amplitude.
Also �toward S and E from this region toward Northern
PrErand and /hite Sea - great amplitude is MaT=MIEW-
buf in winter the lowest pressure not so low
(amplitude is small).
Petrograd - Toward S from Murman Coast the greatest
amplitude falls on January and smallest on July
similar to -
European Russia and Siberia - the same thing prevails.
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Further to East - this difference between winter and
summer (January and July) is greater.
Distances are great between high pressure area in
Eastern Siberia so the influence of this high pressure
area is less than we could expect.
Important that in winter, October-April, high pressure
area passes through South Russia and Kirghiz Steppes.
Low pressure areas are in Arctic, Black and Caspian
Seas.
Summer High Pressure in Atlantic
toward Central Europe.
40�
lat., spreading
Low Pressure in Central Asia
Important influence of Low Pressures in Seas toward N
of Arctic Ocean to 550 Lat.
Very Important
Wind direction is identical to Western Europe and
Westerly Winds are prevailin-, deviating toward S.W.
in winter and W and N.W. in Summer. The only difference
from Western Europe is a number of SE winds appearing
in winter.
Comparing the probability of winds by months, can be
stated that SE winds are more often in Winter.
YU " " Summer.
Penza-Samara area - SW winds are prevailing in Winter.
Orenburg-Samara area SW winds are the strongest. As a
good proof - Railroad snow protections are built.
Astrakhan area - E winds and NE winds appear more often
than in Orenburg, definitely NW winds are very frequent
in this section.
Southwestern Russia and adjacent regions - there is a
change from W winds of Northern Russia to East winds in
Southern Russia.
In Summer - Prevailing winds are in accordance with
Isobars even in a larger scale (as in Kishinev) where
all tree branches are bent toward SE because of strong
NW winds.
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In Eastern Sections of South Russia - Easterly winds
appear in winter and Westerly Winds in Summer. Deeper
toward S Easterly winds appear not only in winter but
even in spring and fall.
Good Proof: In Fall (October) strong winds are pulling
out water from NE Section of Sea of Azof.
Summer direction changes to West Winds and Eastern
Winds appear not so often.
Black Sea Region and toward S of 48� lat.
East winds are prevailing.
Western Siberia and Aralo-Caspian Steppes.
(a) There is a tendency for a change from W winds in
winter in Northern Section to E and NE winds in
Southern Section but pronounced more than in
Black Sea Coast.
(b) Prevailing N and NE winds in Aralo-Caspian Steppes
are known even by travellers.
(c) Sandy ridges and dunes (sandy hills) indicate this
fact. These regions are toward S from high
pressure areas.
(d) It is remarkable to notice the turns of winds
toward left from winter to summer even in
Krasnovodsk and Tashkent, - in short everywhere
in Summer wind direction indicate the presence
of high pressures on the West.
(e)
Westerly winds are prevailing in Western Siberia
in Fall and more than in winter, meantime warm,
humid air and cyclones are reaching more often
Western Siberia.
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PROPOSED APPROACH TO THE PEOPLE IN THE SOVIET UNION
A. With their old Russian Orthodox Religion which we have to
bring back to them with their old Church Music and Folk
Dances. Music is a most significant medium by which people
may speak to others across barriers of nations and languages.
Russian mentality is most receptive to this. Giving them
back the old Orthodox Church we have to supply them with
prayers, not glorifying Stalin as their God, with Sunday
sermons and instructions for wedding, baptism and funeral
ceremonies. Educating them to freedom of worship of God and
teaching them Christianity - all these communications will
come from the head of the old Russian Church, the World
Metropolitan Anastasius, who will be most eager to assist
such plans.
Of greatest importance will be the first message by which
the World Metropolitan will approach the Russian people.
A sample of this first message, including translation, is
enclosed.
B. With an educational program including information concerning
the long-standing friendly relations between the Russian and
the American people recalling to them the help which the
Russian people received from the United States right after
the first World War ana the help and material they received
from America in their fight against the Nazis.
C. Appeal to the farmer with a special program.
D. Appeal to the worker with a special program.
E. Appeal to the parents and wives of the Russian soldiers with
an explanation "War Never Pays".
F. Counteract with facts the Soviet hate and fear propaganda
against the United States, and denounce their tyrannical
rule of the Russian people.
G. Strengthen existing underground movements and organize new
underground movements against the Soviet regime with de-
tailed instructions and a bonus system (see enclosure).
H. Supply them with arms and ammunition for their final revolt.
I. Give the signal for revolt.
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SAMPLE OF FIRST RELIGIOUS MESSAGE
flOCJIAHIE PYCCHOMY HAPGAY.
PYCCKIE BPATIJA!
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HapcTeamu, cy,rtboamu HaPO.R0111,.
0I113 II 11:111I1, pyccNili Hapo,u-b cat-
aaarb BC:1111i1INFb 11 canutibiwb, Homorb
emy COLVITb orpoktHoe HapcTuo, He-
npeuaoiticzwyto 601curyto .pyccItyx)
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31-13CTC Jill Bbb LITO Tauoe peauriut,
Btpa? Cnpocture y Hllxb )1;e: cum
Bawb HoutizatoT-b, HOTOMY 910 >IHJ1H,
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xorja ettze 6buta cuo6oaa Ha pyccmofl
3M1111.
Hauua H Banta peatu-au, Btpa � ecTb
cmpau pyccxast Hpatiocauttau Btpa.
llama Flpanocaaman Pycctiast Llep-
KOBb Orb upemettb pauttoanocTontmaro
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MESSAGE TO RUSSIAN PEOPLE
RUSSIAN BROTHERS!
Do you bear in mind Our Lord, Our God?
He created the heaven and earth, all beings, nature and man.
He rules the Universe and Kingdoms and the destiny of all
people.
He made our Russian people to be the greatest and most
glorious. He helped them to create the huge Kingdom and unsur-
passed rich Russian Culture.
If you did not hear about this and do not know, then question
your grandfathers and grandmothers. They remember this and will
tell it to you.
Do you know what is Religion? Faith? Ask them and they will
tell you because they lived when Liberty was on the Russian Land.
Our .and your religion is the Old Russian Orthodox Faith.
Our Russian Orthodox Church exists from the time of the
Apostle, Saint Vladimir - more than a thousand years.
The oldest Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church,
Anastassy, has left Soviet Russia with the millions of faithful
Russian people, and is living now in America where he established
the Russian Orthodox Church free of Bolshevik bondage, and every-
where in the free world he opens hundreds of new congregations.
We all pray everyday for you Russian Orthodox people who are
in a critical predicament and for your deliveration from godless
and ferocious power. We believe that Almighty God will have
mercy soon upon His people: He will hear our and your sincere
prayers.
We will pray to God for you everyday and will send you our
sermons about our Orthodox Faith of our fathers.
Short Prayer
"0 Lord, save Thy people and bless Thine Inheritance".
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX PEOPLE IN LIBERTY
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SAMPLE OF MEESAGE IN TI NF 01 L FRAME
flOCJIAHIE PYGOKOMY HAPOAY.
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PROPOSED APPROACH TO THE PEOPLE IN THE SATELLITE COUNTRIES
A. Show the people inside the Iron Curtain that they have not
been forgotten by the outside world and keep alive the
spirit of resistance and bolster their hope of liberation
from the Soviet yoke.
Bring the facts to the people of the satellite countries
outside the Iron Curtain and offset the:
Lies and misrepresentation about Democracy in America;
The Clever Communistic propaganda that America is a
war-mongering nation whereas the Soviet Union wants
only peace.
B. Organize the dissident people behind the Iron Curtain and
give spiritual and material assistance to their resistance
movements.
C. Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia
As the unrest in these countries is growing we have to take
immediate advantage of the dissatisfaction of the people
who are especially bitter because of the fact that almost
everything they produce is being exported to Russia.
The oppressing of the Churches in these countries and the
mock trials of high ranking Clergy and the nationalization
of private industry and business will increase unrest.
Concerning Czechoslovakia we have to nourish the flame of
the existant Slovak resistance and guerilla movement,
cooperating closely with the well-organized Ukranian
underground.
We have to promise Slovakia autonomy and independence in
a liberated Czechoslovakia, making good a long-standing
mistake since after the First World War.
D. Eastern Germany
The approach to the German people in Soviet controlled Eastern
Germany would be the easiest one as already proved by broad-
casts from the "RIAS" (Radio in the American Sector). The
German people in the Russian Sector would be most receptive
to such undertaking.
Referring to the present East German regime as a puppet of
Moscow and urging the people to demand free elections would
certainly hurt the Soviets.
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Furthermore, approach the Soviet troops in Eastern Germany
with the same means and in the Russian language, explaining
to them the long-standing friendly relations between the
Russian and American people and the peaceful intention of
America.
Inform them about the help which America has given to Russia
in the hunger period after the First World War and the help
and material which America gave to Soviet Russia in their
fight against the Nazis.
Convince them that "War Never Pays", and that America doesn't
want war or any imperialistic expansion.
As these Russian troops have seen the world outside the Iron
Curtain many of them are no longer firm believers in the
Soviet doctrine. For this reason the Russian troops in
Eastern Germany are always carefully watched by the M.V.D.
and are subject to constant political lectures to prevent
their becoming independent in their thinking.
If these troops are expertly handled and educated there would
be a chance that they would turn first against the Soviet
regime.
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HISTORY
of the
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH & SEMINARY
In JORDANVILLE, NEW YORK
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THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
WASHINGTON
November 24, 1950
Your Excellency:
I deeply regret-that I cannot avail
myself of the opportunity to journey to
Jordanville for the impressive week-end
exercises that you are about to have. It is,
however, not desirable that I be away from
Washington at that particular time.
I am asking my personal friend
Mr. Antoine Gazda to convey to you and all
the religious assembled my very best wishes
and highest esteem.
Sincerely,
Attorney General
His Excellency
Archbishop Vitaly
Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary
Jordanville, New York
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Arrl!hiOop
id Eastrrn Autrrint & 31rniry
1841 flathgate Ave., Bronx, N. Y. Phony: IA:J.111"w
December 9, 1946
MY. Antoine Gazda
Industrial Trust Building
Providence, Rhode Island
Dear MY. Gazda:
Dr. Nicholas Alexander of Rhode Island State College informed me
as to your excellent assistance in the matter of obtaining visas for
the Russian Orthodox monks from Switzerland.
I am happy to report that they are now here in this country, having
arrived on Saturday, November 30. They proceeded directly to the Russian
Monastery at Jordanville, New York, carrying priceless relics of holy
gaints which they saved from persecution in U.S.S.R., and kept in their
monastery in Czechoslovakia.
You probably did not realize the importance of their arrival here,
but this new group will reinforce our present small group of old monks
at the monastery, and with this new stream of highly educated and well-
trained people, we can create a cultural and spiritual center of ortho-
doxy in the United States.
I wish to express to you, at this time, my very deep thanks for your
assistance in this matter. I am praying God that He will send down upon
you His blessings.
Sincerely yours,
Vi
Archbishop Vitaly
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TWENTY-FOUR PAGES PROVIDENCE. RHODE ISLAND
Among Russian Monks Who Took Refuge Here
THE FIVE MONIES seated at this table, with an instructor at the head, are among the 14 mem-
bers of the Monastic Order of St. Sob tvho escaped Soviet captain and came to this country to continue
their religious life. They are shown at oiy Trinity Monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church in Jar-
danvine, W. Y.
Jo
NW?
Senators Disclosed
As Saviors of 14 Monks
Story of How Green and McGrath Opened Way for
Escape of Russian Ascetics from Red Capture .
Told; Men Now Live in N.Y. Monastery,
Ely LEbNARD O. WARNER
The story of how 14 Russian monks custody of the 14 monks went deep-
seeking religious freedom escaped er than religious relics.
Imprisonment or death through At the head of the group of 14
the intervention of Rhode Island's temporarily in Switzerland was
two U.S. senators finally has been. Bishop Serailm Ivanoff, who, repre-
revealed. sented that part of the Russian Orth-
Xi all happened many months ago, odox Church which had refused 'to
but the tale of escape, with its in- swear allegiance to the Soviet Union,
trigue and diplomatic repercusaions, or to Patriarch Alexis, Red puppet
never has been told. head of the church in Leningrad.
Tiny Switzerland was the locale Bishop Serafirn's superior was
for the tug-of-war between the Metropolitan Anastasy, now in Mu-
United States and the Soviet Union nich, Germany, as world hbad of the
for the custody of the 14 monks, non-Soviet Russian Orthodox
members of the Monastic Order of church.
St. Job of the Russian Orthodox
Printers of Pamphlets
Church.
Largely through the persistent Bishop Seraflm's � small group
efforts of Senators Theodore Fran- started their trek westward from
cis Green and J. Howard McGrath� Czechoslovakia in 1944 when the
the latter then solicitor general and Russians advanced near the small
now national Democratic chairman town of Bratislav, where the monks
�the 14 monks now are quietly at had been working for many years.
wart at Holy Trinity Monastery in There, they had printed religious
Jordanville, N.Y.. near Utica. pamphlets for distribution through-
.' Green and McGrath became in- out the world.
terested in the plight of the 14 Rua- The monks lost most of their be-
' sion monks early in 1946 when Dr. longings during the savage Russian-
Nicholas Alexander, professor of German battles around the monas-
aeronautical engineering at � Rhode ten' at Bratielav, but they took with
Island State College and prom em i �nent ,h
use precious religious relics
lay member of the Russian Orthodox
Church. made an impassioned appeal and books on orthodox theology.
to them. From Bratislav, they worked their
way northward to Berlin. arriving
The State College professor told
them the 14 monks were threatened there about January, 1845. The Nazis
tolerated the monks, but would do
with immediate expulsion from their nothing to help them escape the
Swiss refuge unless permission could
, be obtained for them to come to the
litsnitrA gIntaa
Russians.
After four wc._'eks in Berlin, the
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GAZDA ENGINEERING
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'
14 Monks Saved from Reds
Through R.I. Senators' Aid
The escape of 14 Russian monks
from imprisonment or death at the
hands of the Soviet Government
through the intercession of Senators
Theodore Francis Green and J. How-
ard McGrath of Rhode Island was re-
vealed yesterday.
The monks, who had fled from
Czechoslovakia in 1944 and found
temporary haven in Switzerland,
were faced with expulsion from that
country and surrender to the Rus-
sians before Green and McGrath�
then solicitor general and now Dem-
ocratic national chairman�secured
their admission to this country. They
are now living at the Holy Trinity
Monastery, in Jordanv file, near
. Utica, N.Y.
The plight of the monks, who are
members of the Monastic Order of
St. Job of the Russian Orthodox
Church. was brought to the attention
of Green and McGrath early in 1946
by Dr. Nicholas Alexander, profes-
sor of aeronautical engineering at
Rhode Island State College and a
prominent layman in the Russian
church.
The Communist press in Switzer-
land and France was agitating for
the expulsion of the monks on the
ground that they had stolen valuables
In their escape from Czechoslovakia
to keep ahead of the advancing Red
Army. The valuables were actually
particles of bones of saints the monks
had taken with them. Their leader.
Bishop &imam Ivanott had refused
to acknowledge the authority of the
Soviet - dominated ecclessiastical
authorities in Russia and had thereby
aroused the ire of the Soviet authori-
ties.
The Swiss had set Sept. 10, 1946.
as the date for the expulsion of the
monks and later extended that date
to Oct. 31. But the American con-
sulate at Zurich was delaying the
granting of visas for admission of the
monks to the United States pending
investigation of the theft charges
against them.
It was only after Green and Mc-
Grath had taken a personal interest
in the matter and other prominent
Americans had also intervened that
the visas were finally granted on
Nov. 7, 1946,
The young monks are now quietly
engaged in their religious work and
are studying for the priesthood.
he engaged in the Friends' recon-
struction work in Europe. He joined
the Friends in 1921 and, with others,
set up the national council, which
celebrated its 25th anniversary last
fall.
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Prelates at Jorda:nville
Russian Orthodox Church
Map Fight On Communism
Jordanville � The world-wide
council of the Rusidan Orthodox
church Outside Russia today moved
toward consideration of a plan to
invite other religious groups to join
forces against communism. .
' The plan was announced by the
Metropolitan Anastaskls, Primate of
the church's holy synod.
The council, or sobor, is holding
its first meeting in 20 years at Holy
Trinity monastery, near here. Sol-
emn religious pageantry marked the
gathering of the high prelates of
the church yesterday, as the Metro-
politan Anastasius presided at the
solemn services of dedication of the
new church that was constructed
largely by the monks of the Monas-
tery themselves. The 77-year old
metropolitan said the' monastery
provided a place where members�of
the Russian Orthodox church and
other denominations could "And un-
der .its domes- relief from sorrows
and tribulations."
The leaders' of the Russian Ortho-
dox Church in the -United States,
Canada, Europe and Asia move
their meeting tomorrow to Lake;
Mahoglac for the remainder of the
Sessions.
A dinner was served to More than
250 guests in the church basement
and ,dormitories of The' seminary,
with women of St. Nicholas church,
Utica, Serving. the meal.
Among speakers introduced by
Dr. Nicholas Alexander, dean of the
seminary and toastmaster, were
.Mayor Golder, Utica; Frank Graves,
former cominissioner of education;
Dr. Delos Otis, representing the
state department of education.
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THE EVENING TIMES, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1950.
HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH near Jordanville, was solemnl:
dedicated yesterday, with Metropolitan Anastasius, primate of the church's hol:
synod, officiating.�(Engraving by The Evening Times).
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MIE METROPOLITAN HEAD of the church outside of the Soviet
Union, blesses the altar during the dedication ceremonies.
�Photo by Trimboli
METROPOLITAN ANASTASSY, recently arrived from Munich, as he
led dedication ceremonies yesterday in the new Russia Orthodox
Greek Catholic Church, built by the brothers of the Holy Trinity
Monastery, just outside of Jordanville. �Photo by Trimboli
DIGNITARIES VISIT
Impressive Rites Mark
Dedication of Church
Jordanville--Metropolitan Anastassy, head of the Rus
sian Or,thodpx Greek Catholic Church Outside of Russia, me
with church dignitaries from all over the world yesterday a
the Holy Trinity Monastery near here in the first session o
the �church's first worldwide convention since the Russia]
Revolution in 1917.
Before the first ' session of
the convention, the Metropolitan
helped dedicate the new church
built by the nitmbers of the mon-
astic order. (See pictures this
page.)
The church, which had had its
seat in Serbia since the rise of
the Bolsheviks, has transferred its
Holy Synod, the ruling administra-
tive body, to the United States, Dr.
Nicholas Alexander, dean of the
seminary at the monastery report-
ed. The Metropolitan, and all of
the archbishops and bishops from
such countries as Germany, Eng-
land, China, Persia, Teheran. Can-
ada, Australia, France, Belgium,
Italy and South America are in
the United States on permanent
visas, the dean reported.
The convention will meet at the
monastery until Wednesday, at
which time it will adjourn to the
new Lake Mahoriac monastery near
Peekskill, which the church has
recently acquired. Lake Mahopac
I will house the new world center
. tor the church, on what was once
the estate of Prince Bellousky, em-
igree Russian nobleman.
The Metropolitan, as well as the
! majority of the other delegates, are
in the United States for the first
� time. He arrived from Munich, Ger-
many, only last Wednesday, and
; has since stayed at the Lake Ma-
1 hopac monasterY. �
; The church he helped dedicate
yesterday is the fruition of the
I dream of the Holy Trinity foun-
� ners. The monastery was started
during the depression with only
$25, and now contains, in addition
to the church, physics labotatories,
a library, a herd of cattle, and the
usual dormitory space.
The church does not recognize
the Red Metropolitan, who sits in
Moscow.
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PAGE NINE
MONASTERY OBSERVES FEAST DAY OF. PATRON�Arch- '
bishop Vitaly, left, ruling head of the Russian Orthodox Church in
the Unitei States, and Bishop Mikon, of Fiord*, lead observance
of feast day of Holy Trinity; patron of .Holy Trinity Monastery in
derdanyMe. As part of the observance, yesterday in Jordanyme,- ,
monks take. part In procession, below, around monastery's new
� chureh.
� .
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First 20mm. Oerlikon A. A. Cannon
Switzerland 1936
Mr. Antoine Gazda, experimenting with the first rapid
firing 20mm. Oerlikon A.A. Cannon, initiated by him and
developed with the Oerlikon Machine Tool Works,
� Zuerich-Oerlikon, as the "RIGHT ANSWER FOR THE
COMING DIVE-BOMBER MENACE."
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Antoine Gazda
Mr. Antoine Gazda, a native of Austria, and flyer in the First World War,
is well known for his armament and aviation inventions, and revolutionized
aviation when he brought out the first jet propelled Helicopter three years ago.
Ten years ago, he warned the British Admiralty of the coming Nazi dive-
bomber menace. To counteract this threat he initiated and developed with
the Swiss Oerlikon Machine Tool Works in 1936, the now famous 20 mm.
Oerlikon Anti-Aircraft Cannon, which he contributed first to the British war
effort.
Two months before the event, he forecast to the British, the collapse of
France and the French Army.
He forecast the London blitz with two-ton bombs. All the foregoing was
skeptically received and considered, until unfortunately, proved to be true.
He immigrated to the United States in Spring 1940, where he organized in
Rhode Island mass production of the 20 mm. Oerlikon A.A. Cannon for the
British Admiralty. Shortly before Pearl Harbor the United States Navy ac-
cepted the 20 mm. Oerlikon as standard defense weapon against dive-bombers.
It was this 20 mm. Oerlikon Anti-aircraft Cannon which finally crushed
the Axis dive-bombers and kamikaze.
During the San Francisco Conference � the result of which the world was
awaiting with tension � he published a sensational article expressing his
opinion that the Allied leaders of the Conference have evidently neglected to
take the scientists into account in their plannings.
He pointed out that in any future conflict, an air force would be obsolete,
and scientists will have more horrible weapons than the air force proved to
be in the last war.
Only a few weeks after this, the first atomic bomb was dropped, and
changed completely the security set-up of the San Francisco Conference.
Mr. Gazda, a member of the S.A.E. since 1928, is still engaged in armament
research for defense weapons, although his principal interest is in the civilian
aviation and automotive field in which he has had over thirty years experience.
He is a strong supporter of the Helicopter, and hopes the time will not be
too far off before Helicopters will be used extensively in civilian flying.
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