GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA'S AGRICULTURE

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06339789
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• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: March 9, 2023
• Document Release Date: December 3, 2021
• Case Number: F-2020-01519
• Publication Date: June 20, 1950

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION F1EPC)Filr
7FPORT NO
r
COUNTRY Czechoslovakia
DATE DISTR. o0 June 1950
SUBJECT General Characteristics of Czechoslovakia's NO. OF PAGES 2.
Agriculture
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED BY SOURCE Apr 50
DATE OF INFORMATION
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING pm NATIONAL DEFICKSt
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT SO
U. S. C.. 31 AND 32. AS AMENDED ITS ISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO.
HISITED ET LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED. �
SOURCE
STATE
NO. OF ENCLS.
;LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
characteristics
tables
the followings
study entitled "General
of Czechoslovakia's Agriculture,- with accompanying statistical
The broad outline of this material is broken down into
Introduction
(W(1)
(b)(3)
Production - Part I
-A. Crops
B. Livestock
C. Mechanization in Agriculture
D. Critical Examination of the Production Figures
E.
Production Targets for 1953
Consumption Part II
A. Food Rations
B. State Food Market
C. The National Food Piaui.
D. Critical Examination of the Consumption Figures
E. ConclusIons
Foreign Trade in Food - Part 1117
INOINANY
3Z
ARMY
AIR
- End -
CLASSIFICATION cop.lagg:LuArs OFFICTATA ONLY
NSRB I I � DISTRIBUTION
ii
F ..414' I I
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Of"
11-11S IS AN t. T 0
20hUDFACa
General characteristics or Czechoslovalcia's agriculture.
The area or the Czechoslovak Rerrablic comprises 12,648.000 hectarea
Land Ilse: (1948).
Land area: 12,517.000 ha
Arable -land and orchards:
Permanent mealdows and pastures:
Forests and sioodlands:
Unused land:
Built-on area, vrasteland, and other
T are of these areas- leer ir�i--lhazd.tarzt equals*
1,06- tut or the total area or Cseehovalcia.
0615 ha cultivated land
0.439 ha tilled land
0,331 ha forest land.
RelatXolls ok crops in cr.; or the total arga;
Crops
Bohemia
and Moravia
5012.000 .ha
2027:000 ha
4,056E000 ha
1:#43.000 ha
���������Me.....11,4�041.64.0.0,
Slovakia.
Czeohopi*
sivirakia.
Arabia land 46.16
pernientnt meadOws i 9.52
peditures 3.32
gardens 1018
vinera rds 0009
t,j112mma 0.02
agricultural land 60.29
33.40
7.66
0.44.
0.26
0.10
53.67
41.27
a.ao
6;57
0.90
0..06
57
forests 29.54 33.63.
ponds and other waters 1.04 0.87
parks 5 7.71
unexplored areas 3.90
31.09
04i9g
- 6410
3.9
!Total area ' 100000
100.00 100.00
OBOFIDEPITIR
atit& , OS OFFICIALS MP
Cfd FIDLN L
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1937: 14,432.000
1948: 12,339.000
ropul-tion:
1,16ar Total population
41930 f 13,998.000
)
GNFIDENTIAL
Agricultural Donulation 7./a.tn-icu1tura1t
4,621.000
4
33
194-7
12,164.000
3,396.000
28
441AitpRi ==. 12,100 km2, 725,357 inh-tloitontc. ;,:eeplotl
Year
Both sexes males ',,,, agricult.
oc u a i
ocau-o.1, ell occ. a . (both sexes)
- -
1930 6,719 ,000 t 2,484.000 : 4,4-75.000 k._2.,447,0.
1 ;
t.
O17,
% agricult4
(males)
32%
947 54673.0001 2,183.0001 3,646.00011,120.co0i 38% 31%
(rforcr)
Afal..etart*a.produe'bion and national income.
Agricultural production in Czechoslovakia constitutea, 17.6% of the
total nett-corral Income while the industrial produotiommralees up 50% Of the
national income. According to the Five Year Plan tho national income has
to be 141:Creased during the years 1948 - 1953 by 48%. As_.: tar as sansurapt-
ion per. head is concerned it has to be increased by 35% a compared with
the-year,I948.. The industrial production has to be increased during the
five V60*sbY.58%; the agricultural production has to be increased by 16%
as compered with the production before the wet. The inveCtments-duringlb
five year -vriA1 amount to the strzx of 336.2 billion crowns (Kca). This sum
will be distributed as folIous:
industry 131.9 billion Kos
agricuiture26.8 billion Kos
builalrig -4,6 billion Kos.
Further, 47.1 billion Kos-will be used for the construction and rIlraivi=='
teman co Of roads and bridges, hydrotechnlcal projects and other pub/lc
works. In addition the investment program compa.-Ises allocations to _social
cultural and other serVioes and Institutions. � For commerce and tourist
traffic and travel will be spent 5 billion Kos, on housing 39.3 bil., on
social u*Ifare 8.1 bil. on health services 10,3 hii., on cultural faci-
lities 1042 bil. The annual total investments have to amount to 67 bil.Kc
Structural changes in agricultural Tn-oductios.
On oor the fl-milamentai-changes in Czechoslovak africulture are stmW
tural changes in production,i.e. the change concerning the change or play
and animal production in the total agricultural production. In 1948 crop,
production amounted to 65%, and livestock production to 35% of the total'
agricultural production. In 1953.Nit4at.4,e-tatr end of the Rive Year PlE
L'ui,xtUtra
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..7..--,s1are of crop production will drop to 572, and that of livestock
1.;ro,..LuetIon will increase to 46%, I.e. the rough value of crop and 11-
veatock production will bo approximately equal. By readjusting agri
cultural production in this manner the requirem-alts of national econo-
my will be met by limiting the Imports of expensive animal products and
importing fodder instad. This transformation of production a Is� means
a change In tiv:: composition of plmnt production itself. The' sowing area
of bread grain is being limit-bed, and areas of feeding grain, potatoes,
sugar beet, and forage are being increased.
PART I. PRODUCTION.
flaMilliMMWWWWWWMAIRMMUIMMM11612=
Index nunibers of grictLltura1,-roduction.
krewar (1934 - 19a8) loo
84 67 I 7a 84 67 78
This index Is based on the estimates of the Food and Agricultural Or-
ganization of the United Natiorn. Food index relates to the gross pro-
duction of crops and livestock products for human consump#1on. Feed,
stuffs used in livestock production' are deduced to avoid double count-
ing. All commodities index includes, in addition-to the food index,
non-food-agt,lcultural commodities such as fibers, tobacco, and indu,
strial
Crer,
During the war and In the immediately post-war years the area un,
der cereal drops Increased at the expense or roots. It is rea712.zed'thai
forwell-balanced crop rotations the relation of the cereal drop to ceth4
a gridultural drops should not exceed 5%. In Bohemia. Worevia, and S1,-!
lesia cereals covered in the year 1937_17% of the arable.l.and. In 1948
the area of cereal oers dropped to 49.2%, and in 1949 it covered-only
4/1.8%. In 1953 the sowing area of wheat will be decreased by 5% as coma
pared to 194g, thnt of rye and wheat, and -mixture by 20%, whilst
the a reas of barley will be Increased by oats by4.5.%, potatoes
by 01/, and forage by 5.2q.
erasp yields rer hectare.(1.94g).
Wheat
rye
barley
oats
/7.6 quintals
16.8 "
17.6
17.3
corn 22.5
early potatoes 100.0 "
second early potatoes
140.0
late potatoes /33.3
sugar beet 253.6
oil seeds 6.0
According to the official
report of Czechoslovak govern-
ment all these yields are under
the average of the years 1935- -�
1937 with' the exception of corn,'
oil seeds, and sugar beet. In 19
these yields are to be Increased'
in comparison with pre-war years
as follows:wheat 14.6%, rye by I
171,ey by 6.8%1, oats by p
tatoes by 13.W/ , sugar beet by
2.0%.
d .
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frjaseenria
A I) VI
A
PRODUCTION.
ama������������=air
au&
Orepti. � 193/Zs36
/07
1948
19490
1934-38
194
1948
1949e
1.000 hectares
1.000 notate tone
Os*n 748
590
612
629
1,212
71116
9og
1,107
wiusat 882
837
869
796
1.513
354
1,398
1.573
FP s� 82
111
120
107
173
115
252
231
653
570
555
570
1.109
669
925
1.13.6
Eva--.� _...,�.......---.....
re 975
a
709
727
708
1,568
955
1,124
3..339
4s7 4���� 5
5
,
4
10
6
4
6
6
���������������ostomowc,..��������
1111"U'IntLikikal 715
600
551
594
9,635
4.678
6,578
6,263
,.--17---
-11-44sor 'bests 163
183
182
1
4, 664
2.407
4,463
4,446
ettgar(Itaar vain.) "
633
360
651
-
Rojo 11.3
.0.6
s.6
. �
9.7
li.. 7
4� 9
. . .
,
irons
- ...
34.686.6 110.000
...(thansand tropes) ...
...
474. 8
4711. s
450.0
...
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; IL 0131.131C7/13211= Ansa ann. 4-avinvrx Iva �
0�1101.0000.M.0. 4�0001�00010.40.4 ��������00010.100010,00.
.0.0.440.40.40440
AREA PRODUCTION'
Calmegarie
Average
1934-38
Isivr
0�0000*0....000�000��*1000/0�110.001000
194..
291490
3.9314-30 i9it7
191t8 1.914911
m0.0.1110.00.000.
1.000
heetaree
1.000 metric tame -
Emeribeems
0
a
0.01.........00000������0000.���=.0.0*
� � 11.
es .
2
4100010010110.
Llinseedl
15
19
25
6 -
510
40
Hasupeeel
7
.0.41�0.040.
30
2.9
2.3
3.4
0�00r
iliammesei
16
5
7
8
Ilmmilmmer
7
6
Ii
Pony
-00.�
261
9.3
.01k.
Prolistmarjr tiger's.
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Caanmditv notes.
Wheat:
It is vlanned to increase the consumption of wheat flour at the
expense of rye flour. As the sewing area of wheat is decreased, the ave-
rage-yield per 1 hectare will have to be increased to 20 quintals. Howl-
every the production of bread cereals will not meet the consumption re-
quirements, and wheat will have to be imported.
Rye:
With the reduced consumpeion of rye bread it will be possible to
reduce further the sewing area of rye. The average yield per hectare will
have to be increased to 18 quintals.
Barley:
The ar6a of spring barley is going to be extended. The average yield
per hectare Is planned to 17.7 quinAtalevIe the plant breeding plan bare-
ley seed breeding will cover 9,000 ha of land. Barley Is grown not only -
for domestic consumption but also for exports (malt).
CONFMENT
Oats:
The area of oats was somewhat larger In 1949 as eempaeed with 1948
and further. seell increase is planned.
Corn (maize):
The area of maize will be increased In the Yive Year Flan. The pla-
nned yield for /949 was 23 quinatals per
Roots:
The production of root crops will be Increased in the Five Year Plae
Potatoes:
The area od potatoes will be Increased by 6%. Medi-, attention is
given to the cultivation of industrial potatoes. The area or industri-
al potatoes as compared with 1948 was almost doubled.
Sugar beets:
The production or seger beet eill be somewhat increased. At .the
end of, the Five Year Plan the eroduetion of sugar beet will be increased
by 17e over' that in 194A. An increase of sugar exports is planned..
Oil crops:
A- 1 state farms, fee:ems under communal administration as well as
co-operative farms andechureh farms must use lo% of -their arable land
for the cultivation of oil seeds. Other farms farming more then 20 ha
gust sow oil seeds on 3% of their arable land. The area in oil seeds
may be extended at the expense of any other app. The areas for oil seeds
were set. for the year 1948/49 as follows:
winter rape 15,000 hectares
poppy 10.000
mumterd 6.-00
Flax:
The sowing area of flax was set In 1949 at 30.000 hectares.
CONFIDENTML
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erviof''
Fruit growing: lt Ni
tM-
Acoorcling to the officia73.1WUrces the present fruit harvest
amounts to 450.000 tons. It is planned to increase it to 1,000,000
tons in the next 10 years. Within the Five Year Plan it is expected t
that the average fruit harvest will reach 700.000 tons. To achieve
this, the number of fruit trees will hate to be increased from the
present 40 million to 60 million trees within the next 10 years.
B. Livestock.
The present agricultural plan in Czechoslovakia puts a special
emphasis on the livestock production. The following increase in %
as compared with 1248 is planned for 1953:
Cattle 2877
cows cmly 25%
aatialme-HOPS 52%
sows only 41%
hens 4a'P
The Increase is higher in pigs than in catte. The numbers of
poultry are expected to increase considerably. The numbers of horses
will, according to the plan, be decreased as a result or the planned
mechanization. In order to achieve these numbers It is necessary to
increase the supply of feeding stuffs, particularly by imports of
fish- and meatmeals. It is planned that the production of livestock
products will increase within X the Five Year Plan by 86%. According
to the Plan the production of beef will be increased by 52%, the pro-
duction of pork by 77%, the production of milk by 116%, and production
of eggs by . The increase in the of calves is planned so
that the 1948 49-number of calves (1,470,000) Is to reach in 1953 about
2:0*X$00k 1,645800 heads. The numbemsof calves slughtered will he in.,
creased from 613,000 to 724,000 heads.
Planned numbers and_weleht of slaughter mnimallq.
The number of slaughter animals in 1 000 heads:
1,34a 1953
Cattle. -603 � 856
'Ire- Ho8 s 3,520 4,419
Slaughtering weight of animals in kilograms:
1948. 1953"
Cattle 400 427.5
IsTess� )4O4.1 SO 115
o
Moat roduction in 1,000 tons or live weight,:
1948 1953
Beef 241.2 365.9
Pork 281.6 497.5
Milk production in hi 21 71UTIA
937'PL , 46.95
04 i L. t.1 4 .
egg production in million pieces 920.00 1,967.5
,
Improvement in milk supply has to be achieved by the increase of the
numbers oE milk cows and by increase of milk yields, which is to go up
.t... 1 e-Nr�a 1.... Ar..cf .....,. ........---..- a ..4 at. -4 ,-, t e
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9DENTIAL
The 1953 meat production target of 290 thousand tons in excess of
1948, or a total of about 615 thousand tons is probably exaggeeated.
Even is this goel includes peeltry moat � It would moan an increase of
a bout 25 to 307, over the prewarematime, and it is doubtful that it
ea n be reeched. In an attempt to meet the goal the Czechoelveek so-
vernmeee plans to Increase indigenous feed production. Coarse grains
alone are t* be raised by 35% over the prewar level* An increase of
this magnitude eill,not, of course, permit the projected expansion
of meat production unless there are heavy imports of feedstuff's. This
is pa 4ceTeely true In view of the fact that the target for 1953 milk
production is set at a figure somewhat htgber than the evewar average*
1*
41.-onsGlanta-
To Increase speedily the production of pork, largo pig fattening
stations are organeeed, These are usually attached to stacx, forms, vre.
rious types- ea co-oeeratives, etc. -According to plan these statione
will fatten In 195b 300,000 - 380,000 pies,
These large fattening etetions eers sharply criticized by agri-
cultural exeertz who recently coca d from Czecaonlevakia. They main-
tain that tee etatione (celled ants) are highly uneceeemecale
The production cost of 1 kg live weiit in such a station will ae
mount to 52*-Ecs (more than 4; lee). n a privately owned farm the
production cost of lekg live weight Is considerably la wer eel aen-
rages 30*Kcs for 1 kg. It lz very uneconomical IE foodstuffs and
pigs will have to be transported on lox distances.
The aerlcultural experts believe, however, that the econemle
aspect or this qeestlen Is rather secondary, because the system of
these lerge.fseding stations was dictated priamm-4.1y by military con-
siderations, and has to assure a flawing supply for the military
In the ease or
The largest or these Seeding stations was built in Snielce in
the regional-district of Hradec ErnIovee Its yerly production is
now ateet 30 000 headse It Is planned an increaae within a short
time to 904,000 - 100,000 heads a year, For the time being only one
third of the planned giant stations was already built* The glent
feeding statlonz are being complemented by the construction of plants
for -canned meat. It is 'worth mentioning that these large feot4rig
statioeseete piannad-,115-t.;,.4117- before the Five Year Plan, aed,thus�
before the February coup In 1948. They are to be considered as a
part of the Intended eceeomie and. military inteeration of Ceechoe-
elovn'ela Into the Soviet sphere 'Welch has been golneen since- 1945.
ILIveztoclkematbers
see Table IX,
IOst �=ocialetion
see Table =I.
Frqductiren,ef fats
eeee Trebee eVe
Production of eilk.etc* /a-e're
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Plan 1953
rT,
:a=
1.
Newsom. _
(Ja=41937) /(3.3041546)
662.000 649.000
3,000 630.000
640.eoe
.1111.11.0���
MU* and (Jam�1939):
Asees 1.000
(Jmn.1939)
*MOTO
(1934;46)
bows mar 2414.000
4mm61535)
919.000
Cattle
�111111611���
4.000
������������������11.0.
2,000
2,000
3,612.033 ,
2.002.670
4.14,867
2.050, 62B
mb.*
3097140851 3�2714967 )4400,000
1.5146,135
1,057,000 2,350,000
(.782.1532)
3. 536,600
Imve�
5/0.319
490, 905
(Jan.1545)
386,250 452.693
������������������14...mmomwea��������������11N
2.125:V1
*eats
(saft1937)
1.046,000
Chlakena
(104-1930
g".000
1,595.000
(Jan. l96)
15.766.903
2.362,151
1.310.700
2,5100047
1.115,1.06
(Jan.1949)
3,242.000 4.050,090
.�������*.l.m.......������������
922.333
�������������� �������.�
3.9).41)
10.699,1.0n
C.Itan.1948 )
1%000,000
Paaltry
(jular 1937)
32,098,000
(ircruarr 46) ("117 1047)
22.436,000 26,136.000
(Jam,1549)
13,736.000
...mompAreineeror.
10, Woe
Glan.,194$ (July 19118
336,374�0200 26,251,000
7ge,
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TABLZ ZIT. t M It A T . PRODUCTION .
.....111
etC
......
Classification
�������-smo.....
Prewar
1947
19148
Plan 1953
......Thonsand metric tons
diNkm.�����.....1.0�1����������
Beef end veal
21.1
244U
118
365.9.4.)
����������������
Perk
218
172
139
497.5")
����=.0II�I�������������������0.������..4.1�������
Mutton and Loeb
43.
� � � �
- ...... -
...... ---...----
Total smtatv)
459
25$
----------"---'
=
UNA
CA oil Total -meat prodmotion includes beef and veal, pork, mutton, lamb and goat meat La
.....
Li.... terms of carcass or dressed weight.
= Carcass weight refers to the weight following. the normal dressing and Chilling or
c=0 the earcass.
D'N
'
**) Live weight.
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TAMS
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vl As : and /I G pRopuurioN.
C�-
dr./ M / I, x ( Thcnisand metric tens ).
1937
1946
1947
4,469
1948 1949
X-VX VII VIZI XX Ir.VI VII VIII IX
2650 2.417 2,25s 1. e32 23)e 223 206 L,239 242 244
G G s .
in 1947 aPPrortratelY 390 million eggs were delivered amd. approximately 31 million eggs were imported.
It le estimated that In 1948 ( including imports ) ispproximatively 490, million eggs were available.
The planned eggs production for 1953 In million pieces is 1,967.5.
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usual V I s 00MMZ80LLL 7111071.1:23B28 � Pitammtiactst Assn ocisgsThipizzoz_
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s..exxs metric tons
ofissessow
PhosphoricAr
AcsId'
....���������1
Poitssals
Postliisetess
111.trogyousliss
�az, rssettligaris
Woons.
1-J-1
r-s 193iligg_s
,
C=0
V
Producticsa
����������
Cones:sap! io
1935
1946-47
1947-40
1948-11-9
1.93
1946-.47 .1947-142 19146-49
41.3
44.9
53.6
61.4
44.9
44.9 55.2 98.2
en.
MID
ma.
28.9
713.3 59.5
24.5*/
21.9
27.3.
30.0
20.4
����������������� �����=..MP4������������������MIM,...����������������ra.
27.1 30.0
f=1.
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�
Nechsnization in agriculture.
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CMFIDENT
It is estimat.1-d Vint there w-cre approzimately 19,000 tractors used
im af""%teu:Iture in 1948. 'coording to official Cznehos/ovak
reports the wrricultuwo received durinr; tho To 'far.;.r Plan th llobTLng
aCrieultural II-inc.:in:1st �
Tractors 10,0
tractor plouhs 12,700
raCK0=6 19000
binders 5,000
ii1kinmachines
and others o
.
't the ber;Inning oE 194.9 about 22,000 tractors-already vorkr1 In
the agriculture, together ,i.a.th 2,000 tract' plouchs, 120,/:,-") mo;'ers
25,000 binders, -and Ltilkincf nos. Cacchealoval-Aa produces at
cresent about. 1,00 tracto-s - /147, of 74111c1 arc -1=ported.
During the 71ve Year Ilan the ennurtl allocIttion or ar;ricultural
machines be smaller than in the Two year Plan. Al]. heavy and '.1-
dium size lino'r.ines 1311 uplied ith m-lority to State tetor sta-
tions, f:tat e farma, and united agricultur-il on-onorYtIves. VYarinv the
Five Yecr tjle *zricultr4re gotnc to be sunplied ,,lth further
30,000 tracters e that in 1953 the Czechoslovak icultvre will ha-
ve 4C,07,0 45,000 tractor. The r..17.1e or tractors to ar,.?ble Thud will
be 1 tractor for 125 heetea-s of 1-ala or 272 heetz%res of a1-.�
culturza Lesides trz,ctors 26,700 trailers be supplied, 35,000
sets of cultivation equipzlent, 10,20 harvestinc equip,mont out of vmich
201000 are tro.ctor dram binth'rs -1 _L0,000 horse d_rata�-� binders! 20,000
n:lolines, 750,000 'm-c.tors aar varius other ef7u:..pment In
the value of 7C million los.
!,17.7.teu1tural -cacianery rtation.s.
V5_!ch imTortance as attached to settino up new arricult.ux"3-1
ichi-
nory stations; in the year 1947 about 78 ouch ,--tPtlono l'et up.
according Atca recent retorts of refugees from Czocilesia:rakin -
these 2=achinery etatiore beinr set up in all districts. .7.11 priva-
te tractors above 20 i re confiscated, and arc being concentrr:ted In
these machinery -3tatid.ns. Th zarrricult.arcl e:rPorts bc3ItIve that this is
a42ot33cr kind of Tailitnry pration the purpose of which is to assure
a speedy mobilizati= of all avalla-0e tractors. iilver 4.11-riet machine-
ry station has about 200 tr22,,;to-:-.s at its disposal. The nulr.b.-,r of
station6 .-111 reae:h during the ;;Iva Year Plan 7,00.
-!'t.71tE3 'aricl1MtlAral aachiney Zltationst
Czecileslovekla has at st (194.-147) 23h State uicvatvv.:1 12Aol,lner
statis. Furthz�r stations aro planned durinc tbe .ive 'scar Plen. The
task of these stations in to 11,1p overytThorT., IThcro-throus- the 1,-forta-
me of nuzclin-,-_,ry- or labor help is ne-,led. They help, prl-:lari2y, the local
rtach:thel-y� co-oneratives, The state a-ricultural amel:znery stations are
eon/prod with repair
CONFIDENTIAL
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