HORIZONTAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06160242
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: March 9, 2023
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2020
• Case Number: F-2009-01030
• Publication Date: April 22, 2005

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' FAX COVER SHEET
Central Intelligence Agency
Office of General Counsel
Washington, DC 20505
NO.717 P.1
22 April 2005
To: I Steve Bralipla.
_ Organization: tDoJ/OLC
Phone:
(Bradburvi
Fax:
MOM �������se
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Number of pages (including cover sheet): 4
Comments: Per your request...
No Dissem � This Note and Attachment
are Attorney Work Product
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Horizontal Slew Deotivafion
On three occasions Carly in the program, the interrogation team and the attendant mediCal
officers identified the potential for Unacceptable edema In the lower limb's of detainees
� undergoing Interrogation. In order te permit the limbs to recover without Impairing sleep
deprivation requirements, the subjects underwent horizontal sleep deprivation.. Horizontal sleep
deprivation occurs when a detainee Is placed prone on the floor on top Of kthIck towel or blanket
'a precaution designed to prevent reduction of body temperature through direct contact with the
cell floor. The detalnee's.hands are manacled together and the arms placed In outstretched
� .:position -- either extended beyond the head or extended to either side of the body, � and
anchored to a far point on the floor in such a Manner that the arms cannot be bent Or used for
� balance or COmfort, At the Same time, the ankles are shackled together and the legs are
� extended in a Straight line with the body, and anchored to a far point on the floor in such a
manner that the legs cannot be bent or used for balance or comfort. The Manacles and shackles
� are anchored without additional stress on anY of the arm or ieg joints that might force the limbs
beyond natural extension or *create tension on any joint The position is sufficiently uncomfortable
to detainees to deprive them of unbroken sleep, while allowing their lower limbs to recover from
� the effects of standing sleep deprivation. All standard precautions and proCedures for shedding
� are observed for both hands and feet while in this position. Horizontal sleep deprivation has been
used until the detainee's affected limbs have demonstrated Sufficient recovery to return to sitting
or standing sleep deprivation-mode, as warranted by the requirements of the interrogation teem,
and subject to determination by Medical officer that there is no contraindication to resuming other
sleep deprivation modes. �
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opn (Tv' (/NF,OC) As you are aware, the Central
Intelligence Agency has established specific guidelines for
the use of each of these two interrogation techniques and
the waterboard. These guidelines incOrPOrate the
� guidelines established by the CIA Office of Medical
� Services (OMS).
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22 April .2005_
Transmitted by Secure Facsimile
NO.717 P.a
(m/ /NP,OC). The following is the 'Central
Intelligence Agency's.. use. of. the "waterboard" in--
cOmbination:with two other techniques. The waterboard is
an interrogation technique As described in out Background:
Paper on CIA'S Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques,
provided tO you previously,
(TS/, //NFtod) We also previously provided the
Department of JUstice-with.our.description of the
waterboard. The following'is our. description of the two
linterrogatiOn techniques AM use in 'conjunction; with the
waterboard: These techniques are dietary manipulation and
sleep deprivation.. Whi.le an individual is physically on
the waterboard, we do not Use the insult slap, belly slap,
attention grasp, facial hold, walling, water dousing,
streas positionsl.or cramped confinement-. Many or all. of
those techniques almost certainly will have been used
before the Agency needs to resort to the waterboard (and,
indeed, since march 2003, the Agency has not had to resort
to use of the waterboard to transition an individual from
resistance, to cooperation).. Further, it is possible that
one or more of these interrogation techniques might be used
the same day as a waterboard session (such as was the case
with the interrogation of Khalid Shaykh Mohammed).
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(T8// 1147,0q As we briefed you previously, an
individual is always placed on a fluid:diet:befOre ha may
be subjected to the waterboard in order to avoid aspiration
of regurgitated food. The individual is kept on the fluid
diet throughout the period the waterboard is used.
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(TS/ /NP,OC) Sleep deprivation may be used
prior to and duting the waterboard session. As has,been
previously noted, the time limitation on application of
sleep deprivation is strictly monitored. In addition, the
detainee's physical and mental state is also monitored to
ensure they are not harmed. There is no evidence in
literature or experience that sleep deprivation exacerbates
any harmful effects of the waterboard, but it does reduce
the detainee's will to resist, contributing to the
� effectiveness of the waterboard as an interrogation
� technique. In the event a detainee were to be perceived as
unable to withstand the affects of the waterboard for any
reason, any member of the interrogation team has obligation
to voice concern, and if necessary to halt the proceedings.
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