<SANITIZED>

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00957692
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 390
• Document Creation Date: March 8, 2023
• Document Release Date: August 29, 2019
• Case Number: F-2018-01103
• Publication Date: January 1, 1964

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J. j I 1.1 V
CD-2533
DIE REVOLUTION ENTLAESST IHRE KINDER*
(The Revolution Discharges [Frees]
Its Children)
By Wolfgang LEONHARD
Published by Kiepenheuer & Witsch,
� Cologne, Berlin, 1955
558 Pages Index
In March 1949 Wolfgang LEONHARD, a young
lecturer at the East German Socialist Unity (SED)
Party's (i.e. the Communist Party) Karl Marx
University of East Berlin was accused of Titoism.
He escaped to Yugoslavia via Prague with the help
of Veljko VLAHOVIC, a member of the Central Committee
of the Yugoslav Communist Party and a graduate of the
Comintern School. He then became a commentator for
Radio Belgrade. In his book LEONHARD describes the
indoctrination of young German and Austrian refugees
*For other editions see page 8 of this
memorandum.
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in the USSR; his training in the Comintern School,
and he expresses the view that the dissolution of
the Comintern in June 1943 was only a matter of
Communist tactics.
In the 1920's the author's mother had worked
as a press officer for the Soviet Trade Mission in
Berlin. In 1925 she left the Communist Party (KPD)
and was active in the leftist underground as of 1933.
In the spring of 1935 she left Germany for the USSR.
In Moscow she enrolled her son in the German school
and found a place for him in the Children's Home
Number 6, created for children of members of the
Austrian Schutzbund (Protective League). BEISS, a
KPD member, was the director of that institution.
During the great purges the author's mother was
deported from the Soviet Union. Other Germans in
the USSR were also victims, for example: SHELASKO,
director of the Karl Liebknecht School, was arrested
and various teachers such as KRAMER, GERSCHINSKI,
LUESCHEN, KAUFMANN, and Karl ZEHETNER disappeared
one by one. Rolf GEISSLER, a 17 year-old student
and colleage of LEONHARD, was picked up by the NKVD
at the children's home. The purge also victimized
German Communist exiles such as: August KREUTZBURG,
Hermann SCHUBERT, Hugo EBERLEIN, Hermann REMMELE,
Willi LEO, Alexander KIPPENBERGER, Willi KOSKA, and
Kurt SAUERLAND. The German school ceased to exist
by attrition and LEONHARD transferred to a Soviet
institution; In 1939 the Children's Home Number 6
was closed., LEONHARD, Egon DIRNBACHER, Hans
HANSLITSCHEK, and many other children of families of
exiles were dispersed to Soviet student homes.
LEONHARD, who had become a member of the Komsomol,
was admitted to the Foreign Languages Institute of
Moscow. The student body there was uniquely
cosmopolitan. LEONHARD numbered among his student
friends a young American girl, a Korean girl, [names
not given], and Benek GERSZOWICZ, a young Pole and
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veteran of International Brigade in Spain. One of
his German colleagues [unnamed] confessed to
LEONHARD that she was working for the NKVD.
Following the outbreak of the German-Soviet
war, Albert HOTTOP, a well-known German writer,
was arrested. The Soviet armies were in full retreat
and the German-speaking exiles were forced to evacuate
to Siberia. LEONHARD, with the help of Hans MAHLE,
Willi FINK, and Lea LICHTER, all of whom were
connected with the Comintern, attempted to avoid
deportation by obtaining employment with Radio
Moscow. On 28 September 1941, however, he was obliged
to entrain-for Kazakhstan, together with Irmgard
SICKERT, daughter of Alfred SICKERT, a German Communist
leader and veteran of International Brigades in Spain.
In Karaganda LEONHARD gained admittance to the
local teachers' institute where he was introduced to
Walter ULBRICHT, the German Comintern leader, and �
to his wife, Lotte KUEHNE. There he also met Weiland
ROTT, a black American expatriate and Soviet
propagandist, and Hubert LHOSTE, the adopted son of
Mikhail Yefimovich KOLTSOV, the Soviet journalist.
Many less lucky evacuees such as German artist
Heinrich VOGELER, failed to survive the hostile
environment [no details given].
In June 1942 LEONHARD started to work as the
Karaganda area instructor for the International
Organization for the Aid to Revolutionary Fighters,
helping German-speaking evacuees. Shortly afterwards
he was invited to go to the Comintern headquarters
in'Ufa. The Hotel Bashkiriya in Ufa served at that
time as the residence of Comintern leaders such as
Georgiy DIMITROV, Dolores IBARRURI (also known as
LA PASSIONARIA), Wilhelm PIECK, Andre MARTY, Johann
XOPLENIG, Dimitriy Zakharovich MANUILSKIY, Friedl
FUERNBERG, Anna PAUKER, and Ernst FISCHER. In the
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transient quarters of the Comintern, LEONHARD
re-encountered his schoolmates Ernst APELT, son of
a KPD official, and an Austrian girl named Grete
LOEBERBAUER. After being assessed by VILKOV,
personnel officer of the Comintern, he was sent to
the Comintern's school located in the Kushnarenkovo
agriculture school.
The director of the school was a Bulgarian
veteran of the International Brigades in Spain who
called himself MIKHAILOV. All faculty members and
students used assumed names and LEONHARD became Wolfgang
LINDEN. In charge of the German section was Paul
WANDEL (alias KLASSNER). Bernhard KOENEN served as
WANDEL's deputy and Lene BERG (alias RING) was his
assistant. Among some twenty students were the following:
Jan VOGELER (alias Jan DANILOV), Michael WOLF (alias
FORESTER), Frieda KOENEN, Helmut GENNYS (alias Peter
ZAHL), Heinz HOFFMANN (alias ARTUR), Helene BERNER,
Marianne WEINERT, Emmi STENZER (alias STERN), Else
STENZER (alias STERN), as well as three comrades
known only as OTTO, WILLI, and STEFAN. Another
student, said to be a former agent of the Communist
Party in German-occupied France, was later expelled
from the school for having been outspokenly critical
of the institution.
The Polish Section was headed by Jakob BERMAN
and the Austrian Section by Franz HONNER. Among the
Austrian students LEONHARD recognized Rudi SPIRIK,
Toni SCHLOEGL, Alice KLOC, and Hans SCHEICHENBERGER.
Amaya IBARRURI (alias Maya RUIZ), the daughter of
LA PASSIONARIA, as well as JUANITA[last name not
given] from Barcelona, and RAQUEL [last name not �
given], the wife of an Argentinian ,Communist and
veteran of the International Brigades, were members
of the Spanish Section. A Hungarian woman taught
Communist history, Martin GRUENBERG (alias Felix
FALK) acted as military instructor. Zharko BROZ,
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the son of TITO, attended the school, but was expelled
allegedly because of a love affair with a Spanish
schoolmate.
On 16, May 1943, members of the Comintern's
Executive Committee, MANUILSKIY, Andrey Aleksandrovich
ZHDANOV, DIMITROV, Vasil KOLAROV, KOPLENIG, MARTY,
PIECK, Wilhelm FLORIN, Klement GOTTWALD, Ottomar
KUUSINEN, Maurice THOREZ, and Palmiro TOGLIATTI (alias
ERCOLI), signed a proclamatcon dissolving the Co.nintern.
One month later, the school in Kushnarenkovo closed
its gates. LEONHARD was sent to Ufa to help organize
the Comintern archives and had a chance to meet
ERIKA [last name not given], his girl friend who also
worked for the Comintern. In July he returned to
Moscow and was assigned quarters in Hotel Lux.
The hotel swarmed with Comintern notables and
with international employees of various organizations
set up to take over the work of the Comintern.
LEONHARD shared a room with a Turk, a German, a
Spaniard, and one FERREIRA, a Portuguese announcer at
Radio Moscow. He made the acquaintance of two
Canadian girls [unnamed] and of a Chinese girl, said
to be the daughter of CHOU en Lai.
On 13 July 1943 the National Committee for a
Free Germany was founded in Krasnogorsk and was headed
by Erich WEINERT. Captain Ernst HADEMANN, a German
army officer, Major Karl HETZ, and Lieutenant Heinrich
von EINSIEDEL were co-founders. PIECK, ULBRICHT,
FLORIN, Hermann MATERN, Anton ACKERMANN, Edwin HOERNLE,
and Martha'ARENDSEE represented the KPD. Other
members of the Committee were Johannes R. BECHER,
Willi BREDEL, Theodor PLIEVIER, Gustav von WANGENHEIM,
and Friedrich WOLF. Later the Committee was enlarged
to include leaders of the German officers association
such as Generals Walther von SEYDLITZ, Alexander Edler
von DANIELS, Otto KORFES, Martin LATTMANN, Colonel
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Luitpold STEIDLE, and Colonel Hans Guenther van HOOVEN.
The Committee's office in Moscow, created with the
help of Soviet Army Major Arthur PIECK, KOZLOV and
VOROBYEV, displayed a sign reading Institute Number 99.
LEONHARD became a staff member of the newspaper
Freies Deutschland, the organ of the Committee.
Chief editor Rudolf HERRNSTADT was ,assisted by Ernst
HELD, Karl MARON, Lothar BUZ, Alfred KURELLA, and
by his Austrian-born secretary GORDEYEVA. In one
of the adjacent rooms, young LONGO, son of Luigi
LONGO, the Italian Communist leader, edited a similar
newspaper in Italian. Material for the texts are
provided by the so-called Institute Number 205,
headed by Bedfich GEMINDER and Gertrud KELLER, chief
of the reference department. Freies Deutschland
was censored by Ernoe GEROE and by STUMPF, his assistant.
In charge of establishing its political line were
MANUILSKIY and Aleksandr Sergeyevich SHCHERBAKOV. In
the spring of 1944 Willi EILDERMANN and Peter FLORIN
joined the newspaper. LEONHARD was later transferred
to the studios of Radio Free Germany as an announcr.
The editor-in-chief of Radio Free Germany was
Anton ACKERMANN. Staff members wtre Fritz HEILMANN,
Bruno SCHRAMM, Li WEINERT, Kurt FISCHER, Fritz
ERPENBECK, Max KEILSON, Gustav von WANGENHEIM, Lore
PIECK, and Hans MAHLE. Frequent guest speakers were
German Generals Otto KORFES and Martin LATTMANN,
Colonel Hans Gunther van HOOVEN, Majors Egbert
von FRANKENBERG und PROSCHLITZ, Heinrich HOMANN,
First Lieutenants Friedrich RUECKER, Friedrich AEYHER,
and Corporal Guenther KERTSCHNER. ,Scripts were
censored by Colonel BRAGINSKIY, chief of Department 7
in the Soviet Army's political administration, and
by Frieda RUBINER. Soviet propagandists are said
to have managed to brainwash and exploit German
General Vincenz MUELLER and to secure the cooperation
of General Friedrich von PAULUS.
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Assigned to an advance party of German Communist
activists, LEONHARD flew from Moscow to Bruechmuhle,
Germany on 30 April 1945. The leader of the group
was ULBRICHT, escorted by Richard GYPTNER, Otto
WINZER, Hans MAHLE, Gustav GUNDELACH, Karl MARON,
Walter KOEPPE, Fritz ERPENBECK, and an [unnamed]
secretary. En route they encountered ten graduates
of Soviet anti.Fascist schools, among whom LEONHARD
recognized German Army Colonel Paul MARKGRAF and
Chaplain Matthaeus KLEIN. ULBRICHT's group reached
Berlin on 2 May 194S and immediately began reconstruction
of the political administration. Communist politicians
were returning from exile in the USSR (amonz them
Paul SCHWENK, Rudolf LINDAU, Herbert HENSCHKE, Gustav
SOBOTTKA, Elli SCHMIDT, and Viktor STERN) together
with hand-picked graduates of anti-Fascist schools
(such as Ernst KEHLER and Bernhard BECHLER). Others
were repatriated from the West (Franz DAHLEM and
Ottomar GESHKE). All these persons were used to
fill key positions in the administration of Soviet
occupied Germany. The reactivated KPD signed a
cooperation agreement with the Social Democrats. On
21 April 1946 the new SED party was created. Soon
afterward, Eduard AMBORN, one of the Social Democratic
founders of the SED, was arrested by the MVD and
accused of retaining a purely Social Democratic
sympathy. The sovietization of the East Zone started
under the direction of Soviet Colonel Sergey TULPANOV,
chief of the political administration of the East
Zone.
LEONRARD's career in East Germany started in the
Information Center of the Party. In June 1947 he visited
Yugoslavia as a delegate of the Free German Youth
movement. In September 1947 he was appointed lecturer
at the SED Party's Karl Marx University in Liebenwalde
and later in East Berlin. Rudolf LINDAU was the
rector of the school, and Viktor STERN, Erich PATERNA,
Frieda RUBINER, Alfred LEMNITZ, Paul LENZER, and
7
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Walter KOEPPE belonged to the faculty. Following
TITO's breach with the Soviets, political deviations
were detected in LEONHARD's way of thinking and he
was subjected to an investigation. Remembering the
victims of the great purge in the USSR, LEONHARD
decided not to await Party's verdict and clandestinely
left East Germany. He lived in Yugoslavia from
March 1949 to November 1950 when he defected�to the
Wcst. '
*Other editions:
CHILD OF THE REVOLUTION
Published by Collins, London, 1957, 447 pp., index.
CHILD OF THE REVOLUTION, translated by C. M. WOODHOUSE
PUBlisfied by Regnery, Chicago, 1958, 562 pp., index.
DIE REVOLUTION 2NTLAESST IHRE KINDER (The Revolution
Discharges 1Freesj Its Children). Published by '
Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne, 1961, 565 pp., index.
CHILD OF THE REVOLUTION
FUEIllYRTIT-77aTTFFT�New York, 1962, 403 pp., index.
The Regnery edition contains an epilogue, a list of
abbreviations, and a glossary. The translation is
relatively accurate but omits whole paragraphs and
chapters. , In addition, the index has been pared.
In many cases the first names of the dramatis
personnae are missing, and some names are misspelled
(for example, SOBOTTA rather than Gustav SOBOTTKA).
The epilogue adds that LEONHARD remained in
Yugoslavia from March 1949 to November 1950, at which
tine he defected to an [unspecified] country,
8
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CD 533
Supplementary Information from German
Captured Documents
BRANDLER, fnu
BREDEL, Willi
FEUCHTWANGER, Lion
[Leon] �
GUNDELACH, Gustav
HEILMANN, Friedrich
Probably identical with Heinrich
BRANDLER, who, according to a
report by the German Commissar
for Public Safety, organized
the German Revolutionary
Committee for terrorist actions
and sabotage on 23 September
1923. (CD.4423)
According to an undated report
by the Bavarian police, BREDEL
was deprived of German
citizenship on 1 November 1934.
(CD-4031)
The same document reports that
FEUCHTWANGER, born on 7 July
1884 at Munich, Germany, lost
German citizenship on 23 August
1933. (CD-4031:1
According to a report of the
German secret state police in
Berlin dated 15 March 1937,
GUNDELACH was arrested on
10 September 1936 in Zurich.
According to a report of the
German secret state police in
Berlin dated 15 March 1937,
HEILMANN was arrested by the
Weimar Gestapo on 5 November
1936.
9
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CD-2533
KEILSON, Max
KLEIN, Matthaeus
KOEPPE, Walter
MAHLE, fnu
PLIEVIER, Theodr
A German police list of wanted
Communists dated 1936-1938
reports that KEILSON was born
on 7 September 1900 in Halle,
Germany. (CD-4021)
According to a circular letter
from the Gestapo, dated
3 August 1943, KLEIN is listed
as a Protestant minister born
on 18 December 1911 in Bettin-am-
Main, a resident of that city,
a member of the Storm Troopers
before 1933, and missing in
action in the USSR since ca.
27 July 1941. (CD-4271)
A German police list of wanted
Communists dated 1936-1938
reports that KOEPPE was born on
21 June 1891 in Berlin.
(CD-4021)
According to a circular letter
from the Gestapo, dated
3 August 1943, MAHLE was a
German writer and a Communist
Party member. He emigrated to
the USSR where, during World
War II, he was active in
indoctrinating German war
prisoners in various camps.
(CD-4271)
According to an undated report
by the Bavarian police,
PLIEVIER, born on 17 February
1892 in Berlin, was deprived
of German citizenship on
24 March 1934. (CD-4031)
10
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REYHER, Friedrich
RUECKER, Fritz
SCHRAMM, Bruno
SOBOTTKA, Gustav
STEIDLE, Luitpold
According to a circular letter
from the Gestapo, dated
3 August 1943, REYHER was
born on 19 May 1907 in Haninchen,
who had resided in Dresden.
Since ca. October 1942 he had
been a leader of Soviet propaganda
teams in various German
prisoner-of-war camps.
(CD-4271)
A circular letter written by
the Gestapo, dated 3 August
1943, regarding the National
Committee for a Free Germany
reports that RUECKER was born
on 9 April 1922 in Muskau. He
resided in Berlin before his
military service. He is said
to have written from prisoner-
of-war camp number 27 in
February 1943. (CD-4771)
A German police list of wanted
Communists dated 1936-1938
lists SCHRAMM as having been
born on 8 February 1884 in
Linda. (CD-4021)
According to an undated report
by the Bavarian police,
SOBOTTKA was born on 12 July
1886 at Turowen.
(CD-4031) .
According to a circular letter
written by the Gestapo, dated
3 August 1943, STEIDLE was
born on 12 March 1893 in Ulm
11
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CD-2533
and resided in Munich. He
was married and was by
profession an insurance inspector.
He was a major of the German
Army and wrote from prisoner-
of-war camp number 27 in
March 1943. (CD-4271)
von EINSIEDEL,
Heinrich
von WANGENHEIM,
Gustav
WINZER, Otto
According to a circular letter
from the Gestapo, dated
3 August 1943, von EINSIEDEL,
a Lieutenant of the German
Air Force, was born on 26 July
1921 in Potsdam and resided
in Berlin. (CD-4271)
According to an undated
report by the Bavarian police,
von WANGENHEIM was born on
18 November 1895. He was
deprived of German citizenship
on 1 November 1934.
(CD-4031)
WINZER's name is included in
a German police list of wanted
Communists dated 1936-1938.
Born on 3 April 1901 in
Reinickendorf, Germany,
WINZER was residing in Paris
at the time of the publication
of the German "wanted" list.
(CD-4021)
12
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