BACKGROUND ON RECENT CLASHES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT OF JORDAN SECURITY FORCES AND FEDAYIIN.

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 01230204
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: August 28, 2018
• Case Number: F-2016-02009
• Publication Date: November 11, 1968

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INFO:
CJCS- 1 J3-1"J5-1 SACSA-3 S/DEF-7 ASD/ISA-5
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information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18 8 0
transmisson or revelation of which In any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
NO FOREIGN! DISSEM
THIS IS AN INFORMATION REPORT, NOT FINALLY EVALUATED INTELLIGENCE.
GROUP I
downgrading and.
COUNTRY:
DOI :
SUBJECT:
ACQ
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SOUR CE :
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JORDAN
. CITE
DIST ri NOVEMBER 1968
BACKGROUND ON RECENT CLASHES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT OF'
JORDAN SECURITY FORCES AND FED AY II N.
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SUMMARY: ON 2 NOVEMBER !968
"LEGIONS OF VICTORY" 9 UNDER
MEMBERS
THE CO NTR 01
AN OTHERWISE PEACEFUL BALFOUR DAY MARCH
AMERICAN EMBASSY IN AMMAN. THE
MOR.WINCI
ER
,
11_ D /NL.SPk
-
TD//,,R/V>1
rr 1\ fs:R
R A
_
C, I DiAC/P
OF THE FEDAYIIN GROUP trA 1_ A/C'
DMA
OF .TAHIR DABLAN TUR NEDR P-ROG
IMR PLANS
INTO AN ATTACK ON THEr,N1,--
UPS
OF NOVEMBER DABLAN
iDM POL
SOME OF HIS LIEUTENANTS WERE ARRESTEDi, THIF NIGHT MEMBERS 01
THE GROUP PLANNED WIDESPREAD RETALIATORY DISTURBANCES FOR /
4 NOVEMBER. EARLY ON 4 NOVEMBER LEGIONS7 OF CTORY MEMBERS
ATTACKED A VEHICLE OF THE ROYAL GUARDS, AND
CLASHES ON 4 AND 5 NOVEMBER BETWEEN SECURITY
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PRE CI PITATED
FORCES AND FEDAY I N
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SECRE1
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AND REFUGEES, JOINT OPERATIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC SECURITY FORCES
(PSF) BEDOUIN TROOPS AND ELEMENTS OF THE ROYAL GUARD PUT DOWN
THE DIS TURBANCESs BUT NOT WITHOUT CONSIDERABLE BLOODSHED, T
LEADERS OF THE MAJOR FEDAYII N ORGANIZATIONS s WHILE SUSPICIOUS
OF THE GOVER NMENT� S INTENTIONS s GENERALLY COOPERATED WITH THE
AUTHOR I TIES, BUT, SOME OF THE MEMBERS OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS
BECAME I NVOLVED IN THE FIRE FIGHTS WITH GOVERNMENT- FORCES,
THERE IS A GOOD CHANCE THAT OTHER AND MORE SEVERE CONFRONTATIONS
OF THIS TYPE WILL TAKE PLACE IN THE FUTURE, END SUMMARY,
1, WHEN THE: GOVERNMENT OF JORDAN(0j) DECIDED. TO ALLOW
PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATIONS TO TAKE 'PLACE. IN AMMAN ON. THE
2 NOVEMBER ANNIVERSARY OF THE BALFOUR DECLARATION, IT HAD
ASSURANCE FROM THE FED AYII N GROUPS THAT. ORDER WOULD BE -
MAI NTAI NED, IN FACTS THE SPEECHES AND MARCH WERE PEACEFUL
UNTIL THE OFFICIAL PROGRAM WAS COMPLETED
AND THE
CROWDS HAD BEEN
REQUESTED TO DISPERSE, AT THAT POI NT SOME MEMBERS OF THE
"LEGIONS OF VI CTORY s" A MARGINAL FEDAYIIN GROUP OF ABOUT 100
MEMBERS LED BY TAHIR DABLAN AND DOMINATED BY SYRIAN BA� TH PARTY
MEMBERS, INCITED SOME OF THE CROWD 19 MARCH ON THE AMERICAN
EMBASSY, THE FIRST WAVE
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ROADBLOCKS WERE TURNED BACK. THEN SOME ARMED "LEGIONS OF
VICTORY MEMBERS OPENLY TOOK CHARGE OF THE CROWD AND, FIRING
THEIR ALTOMATIC WEAPONS, CHARGED THE ROADBLOCKS. THE POLICE
FELL BACK, AND ANOTHER ROADBLOCK WAS FORMED BETWEEN THE MARCHERS
AND THE HILL ON WHICH THE AMERICAN EMBASSY IS LOCATED. THE
FOR TYCDD REGULAR POLICE AT THIS ROADBLOCK WERE ASSAULTED
THE FRONT BY THE MARCHERS AND THEN SUDDENLY ATTACKED FROM THE
SIDES AND REAR BY DEMONSTRATORS ON ROOFTOPS. THIS ROADBLOCK
WAS ALSO ABANDONED, AND GUARDS AT THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH EMBASSIES
WERE RELNFORCEDI THE MOB LEFT THE ROAD AND
CLIMBING THE HILLSIDE TOWARD THE AMERICAN EMBASSY, WHILE "LEGIONS
OF VICTORY" MEMBERS JUMPED IN CARS AND RACED TOWARD THE EMBASSY
UNTIL THEY MET POLICE NEAR
THE HEADQUARTERS
OF THE PALESTINE
LIBERATION ORGANIZATION (PLO) CLOSE BY THE EMBASSY. THERE THE
FEDAYIIN BEGAN ORGANIZING AND INCITING THE CROWD COMING UP THE
HILL FROM SEVERAL DIRECTIONS, UP TO THIS POINT POLICE OPERATIONS
HAD BEEN UNDER TACTICAL CONTROL OF AMMAN CITY POLICE COMMANDER
BRIGADIER MUHAMMAD HABABIH. HA13ABIH WAS SLOW TO REPORT TO THE
PSF LEADERSHIP THE SERIOUSNESS OF .THE SITUATION AND, IN FACT,
ASSURED PSF HEADQUARTERS THAT HE HAD THE SITUATION UNDER CONTROL.
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WHEN THE MOB HAD ALREADY BEGUN STONING THE EMBASSY9 HABABIH'�FI FINALLY,
REQUESTED' THAT THE PS F BAD I A DISTRICT BEDOlJUO STRIKE
FOR CE BE RUSHED TO THE EMBASSY AREA. THIS WAS DONE IMMEDIATELY,
BUT BY THEN THE MOB HAD STORMED POLICE LINES AT SEVER AL POINTS,
BROKEN MA NY EMBASSY WINDOWS , AND TORN. DOWN THE AMER ICAN FLAG.
THE BEDOUIN,' WHO WERE ALSO RUSHED TO OTHER KEY POINTS IN THE
CITY, WERE. ORDERED TO USE RESTRAINT AND TO DISPERSE THE MOB WITH
TEAR GAS AND BATONS AND BY FIRING IN THE AIRO. THIS WAS DONE,
AND THE CROWD WAS DISPERSED IN ABOUT 0 NE HOUR WITH.. NO- LOSS
2. THE NEXT MORNING, 3 NOVEMBER, SECURITY AUTHORITIES
DETAINED D ABLA N AND .SOME OF HISLIEUTENANTS FOR
WHILE THE EMBASSY INCIDENT SEEMED ISOLATED
ALERT STATUS.
9U ES TI 0 NI.NG0
POLICE: REMAINED ON-
THE MORNING OF
4 NOVEMBER9 A THREE.q4A N ROYAL GUARD UNIT ON A ROUTI NE INSPECTION
TOUR IN A LA ND ROVER NEAR UQLEGIOJS OF VICTORY" HEADQUARTERS 9
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PAGE 5 OF 13 PAGES
A
WERE FIRED UPON FROM THE HEADQUARTERS BUILDING. THE DRIVER WAS
WOUNDED AND ABOUT EIGHT FED AYII N IMMEDIATELY POUNCED ON THE CAR,
DRAGGED r HE WOUNDED DRIVER AND THE RADIO OPERATOR FROM THE
VEHICLE AND BEGAN BEATING THEM SHOUTING THAT THE ROYAL GUARDS
WERE SPYI NG ON 'LEGIONS OF VICTORY" HEADQUARTERS AND WERE PLANNING
TO ATTACK ALL FEDAYII N GROUPS. THE ROYAL GUARD OFFICER ESCAPED
AND IMMEDIATELY REPORTED THE INCIDENT TO ABU NUW AR 0 ABU NUWAR
ORDERED P SMALL CONTINGENT OF REGULAR POLICE TO RUSH TO THE
SCENE, INVESTIGATE, RECOVER THE ROYAL GUARDS MEMBERS
ROVER AND REPORT BACK, SHORTLY 9 TEL, UNIT RADIOED
WERE OUTNUMBERED9 COULD NOT
FED AYII N HAD BEGUN FANNING
WITH LOUDSPEAKERS WERE INCITING
AND THE .
THAT THEY
COMPLETE THEIR MISSION, AND THAT THE-
OUT FROM THEIR HEADQUARTERS AREA AND
THE REFUGEE POPULATION TO "CRUSH
KING HUSAY N 0 OTHER "LEGION
THEIR BUILDING
THE REACTIONARIES" AND: "OVER THROW
OF VICTORY " MEMBERS HAD BARRI CADED THEMSELVES IN
AND OPENED FIRE ON THE POLI CE 0
30 ABU NUW AR IMMEDIATELY
CONTACTED GO4 LEADERS AND OTHER
SECURITY COMMANDERS A ND REQUESTED
STRIKE FOR CE UNITS TO THE AREA,
PERMISSION TO SEND BED OUI N
ARREST ALEGIONS OF VICTORY"
MEMBERS FOUND AND RESTOREORDER .
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PERMISSION WAS GRANTED AND
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Y ABOUT 2600 HOURS ELEMENTS OF THE FIRST STRIKE 'FORCE BRIGADE
AD SURROUNDED THE "LEGIONS OF VICTORY" HEADQUARTERS. OVER
OUDSPEAKES THE "LEGIONS OF VICTORY" WERE ORDERED TO DROP
HEIR ARMS AND COME OUT OF THE BUILDING. ONE "LEGIONS OF
ICTORY" OFFICER EMERGED VERY FRIGHTENED, AND ASKED FOR A
;UARANTEE THAT IF HIS MEN SURRENDERED THEY WOULD NOT BE KILLED
Y THE BEDOUIN. GIVEN THE GUARANTEE, HE TURNED TO WALK BACK TO
HE BUILDING AND ORDER A SURRENDER. SIMULTANEOUSLY, SHOTS RANG -
)UT FROM THE BUILDING KILLING ONE BEDOUIN POLICEMAN AND WOUNDING
%NOTHER. THE BEDOUIN RETURNED THE FIRE AND THE BATTLE WAS ON.
4. WITH A RAPIDITY THAT 'MUST HAVE COME FROM CAREFUL PRIOR
PLANNING "LEGIONS OF VICTORY" MEMBERS, PERHAPS ABETTED BY OTHER
FEDAYIIN GROUPS ORGANIZED. "SPONTANEOUS" DEMONSTRATIONS, MOSTLY
OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND REFUGEES IN MANY PARTS OF AMMAN.
IMMEDIATELY FILLED WITH GUNFIRE, AND GROUPS OF FROM
TWO HUNDRED DEMONSTRATORS BEGAN RIOTING IN
THE CITY. ABU NUWAR REALIZED HE DID NOT. HAVE
WITH SUCH A WIDESPREAD SERIES OF INCIDENTS
07 00 HOURS, REQUESTED ASSISTANCE FROM THE
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AND,
THE FORCE TO COPE
AT APPROXIMATELY
JORDAN ARAB ARMY.
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AFTER SOME -INITIAL-HESITATION;-THE ROYAL GUARDS WERE MOBILIZED_
AND SENT INTO ACTION. ROYAL ARMORED CORPS COMMANDER;SHARIF
ZAYD BIN SHAKIR, A COUSIN OF KING HUSAYN, WAS MADE OVERALL
COMMANDER OF THE OPERATION, AND HE QUICKLY SET UP A JOINT COMMAND
CENTER WITH ABU NUWAR. ELEMENTS OF THE ROYAL GUARDS ARMORED
CAR UNITS WERE SENT TO THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH EMBASSIES.
OTHERS WERE SENT TO THE JEBEL NADHIF AND JE.BEL ASHRAFIAYA TROUBLE
SPOTS AND TO THE REFUGEE CAMPS.. THE INTENTION WAS TO SEAL OFF
THE MOST TROUBLED AREAS FIRST, THEN FAN OUT AND TAKE CONTROL OF
THE WHOLE CITY. ROYAL GUARDS AND PSF STRIKE FORCE UNITS WERE
COMBINED FOR THIS ACTION, AND THEY COOPERATED FULLY AND
EFFICIENTLY.
5. A CURFEW WAS IMPOSED AT APPROXIMATELY 0810 HOURS,
UNFORTUNATELY AFTER MANY SCHOOL CHILDREN HAD ALREADY ARRIVED
AT THEIR SCHOOLS. "LEGIONS OF VICTORY" MEMBERS AND SUPPORTERS
FROM OTHER FEDAYIIN GROUPS, WHO BELIEVED THE "LEGIONS OF VICTORY"
LINE THAT THE GOJ WAS MOVING AGAINST ALL FEDAYIIN, WENT TO THE
pcxooLs AND ORGANIZED THE YOUNG MEN FOR STREET DEMONSTRATIONS.
IN MANY INSTANCES THE FEDAYIIN.ENTEREPI' SCHOOLROOMS, LEVELLED:
GUNS ON THE TEACHERS, AND ORDERED THESTUDENTS-OUT-SIDEIN-THE
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AL�HUSAY N AND AWADH REFUGEE CAMPS7WEAPONS WHICH' HAD BEEN
BURIED OF HIDDEN FOR MONTHS WERE BROUGHT OUT AND GIVEN TO GROUPS
ORGANIZED BY THE FEDAYIIN. THE CAMPS ARE SO DENSELY PACKED 9 WITH
SUCH A MAZE OF TWISTING STREETS AND ALLEYS, THAT SECURITY FORCES
COULD ONLY CORDON THEM OFF AND KEEP THE MOBS PENNED INSIDE. - AT
"LEGIONS OF VICTORY" HEADQUARTERS AND IN THE CEMETERY AREA OF
JEBEL ASHRAFIYA FEDAYIIN....QVI.OKL-foGRABBED WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND
PUT THEM BETWEEN THEMSELVES AND THE SECURITY FORCES, MAKING ANY
EFFECTIVE AND IMMEDIATE ARMED *RESPONSE IMPOSSIBLE. THERE ENSUED
OVER THE NEXT TWO, DAYS A LONG SERIES OF SMALL�SCALE OPERATIONS
AS SECURITY FORCES CLEANED OUT POCKETS OF RESISTANCE. -"LEGIONS
. OF VICTORY" HEADQUARTERS WAS CAPTURED WITH MOST OF
INTACT AND A LARGE CACHE OF WEAPONS AND MONEY. IN THE EARLY
HOURS ON 4 NOVEMBER THE LEADERSHIP OF THE MAJOR FEDAYIIN GROUPS
ESPECIALLY THOSE AFFILIATED WITH AL�FATAH AND THE PLO WERE
ASSURED THAT THE GOJ WAS NOT MOVING AGAINST THEM, BUT THE
FEDAYIIN LEADERS REMAINED SOMEWHAT SUSPICIOUS OF THE REGIME'S
INTENTIONS. HOWEVER, THEY ULTIMATELY AGREED TO HELP CALM THE
POPULACE AND ROOT OUT "LEGIONS OF -VICTORY" MEMBERS. IN THE EARLY
PERIOD OF CONFUSION SOME AL�FATAH AND OTHER FEDAYIIN MEMBERS WERE
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--CAUGHT UP IN THE SHOOTING. IN THE TOWN OF ZARQA, AL-FATAH AND
PLO UNITS EXCHANGED FIRE WITH SECURITY FORCES FOR ABOUT TWO
HOURS UNTIL THEY RECEIVED WORD FROM AMMAN TO COOPERATE WITH THE
GOJ, WHICH THEY PROMPTLY DID. ZARQA WAS CLEANED UP A FEW
HOURS THEREAFTER.
6. DURING THE FIGHTING THE ULTIMATE OUTCOME WAS NEVER IN
DOUBT. THE SECURITY FORCES COMMITTED RELATIVELY FEW UNITS TO
THE OPERATION AND COULD HAVE CALLED IN REINFORCEMENTS VERY
QUICKLY IF THE FIGHTING HAD SPREAD. NONETHELESS, SECURITY
COMMANDERS WERE SHOCKED BY SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE INCIDENT AND
BELIEVE THEY HAVE LEARNED SEVERAL BITTER LESSONS WHICH CONFIRMED
.SOME OF THEIR PREVIOUS SUSPICIONS, TO WIT:
A. THE REFUGEE CAMPS ARE FILLED WITH FULLY AUTOMATIC-
LATE-MODEL ,::IREARMS.
SECURITY COMMANDERS HAD WARNED THE GOJ
THIS F6R ALMOST ONE YEAR, aux NO ACTION MAD BEEN AUTHORIZED.
B. A VERY SMALL F:EDAYUN:GRQLT WAS ABLE, BY ASTUTE
PROPANGANDA, PLANNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL COHESION, TO MOBILIZE LARGE-,
SEGMENTS OF THE STUDENT, REFUGEE, AND PALESTINIAN ELEMENTS OF,
AMMAN, IN A MATTER OF HOURS. THEY HAD ALSO GAINED THE COOP-
ERATIONQUICKLY OF MANY RANK-AND-FILE FEDAYI IN FROM :OTHER GROUPS
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C. TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE INCIDENTS WAS INADEQUATE.
ECURITY COMMANDERS WERE NOT RECEIVING TIMELY OR SUFFICIENT
\ITORMATION REGARDING THE INCIDENTS OCCURRING IN THE VARIOUS
ECTIONS OF THE CITY TO PERMIT SECURITY FORCES TO APPLY SELECTIVE.
DRCE AT THE RIGHT SPOT IN THE EARLY STAGES. THIS MIGHT HAVE
3VIATED THE NEED FOR THE SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION OF HEAVIER AND
ORE DRASTIC FORCE.
D. OVERALL CASUALTY RATES WERE HIGHER THAN THEY SHOULD
AVE BEEN, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE. CIVILIAN POPULATION, DESPITE
REAT RESTRAINT ON THE PART OF THE SECURITY FORCES. WHILE THE
IVILIANS WERE LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS, BY REFUSING TO
ESPECT THE CURFEW AND DEMONSTRATING AND FIRING ON GOJ
T SHOWED HOW EASILY SO MANY CITIZENS COULD BE MISLED AND AROUSED.
)ECURITY COMMANDERS HOPE THE POPULATION HAS, LEARNED THAT IT WAS
RICKED INTO COOPERATION WITH A PHONY FEDAYIIN FORCE WHOSE TARGET
1AS THE GOJ, AND NOT ISRAEL, AND HAS BEEN SUFFICIENTLY IMPRESSED WITH
:HE FACT ANY ARMED RESISTANCE WILL AUTOMATICALLY BE MET
3UPERIOR FORCE AND THAT RESISTORS WILL FACE HEAVY
ASUALTIES.
E. IF AL-FATAH AND THE PLO HAD NOT COOPERATED WITH THE
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GOJ, AND IF THEY HAD TAKEN UP ARMS, THE COST WOULD HAVE BEEN',
TERRIBLE FOR BOTH SIDES. FEDAYIIN POPULARITY IS SO HIG)-(THAT
VERY LARGE PORTION OF THE POPULATION WOULD HAVE JOINED THE
VINIM 0.11.117.1.61, " 40000,MOS1Waftae0YAKW4.00...d.**MA W4'1
FEDAYIIN AGAINST THE GOJ. WHILE SECURITY COMMANDERS ARE STILL
CONFIDENT THAT THEY HAVE THE FIREPOWER TO BEAT DOWN THE CHALLENGE,,.,
SUCH A COURONTATION WOULD BE SO -COSTLY THAT IT WOULD BE A
HOLLOW VICTORY INDEED.
F. ON THE POSITIVE SIDE, THE POLICE AND GUARD UNITS
WHICH WERE CALLED. IN RESPONDED QUICKLY AND WITH VIGOR, AND THE
MAJORITY OF THE CITIZENS RESPECTED THE CURFEW AND REMAINED
PASSIVE. COMMANDERS BELIEVE THIS RESPONSE DISPROVES
ALLEGATIONS THAT SECURITY FORCES AND CITIZENRY
GOJ AND THE HASHIMITE REGIME IN ANY CRISIS.
7. SECURITY COMMANDERS BELIEVE THERE WAS A CERTAIN
INEVITABILITY TO THIS CONFRONTATION. THEY HAD BEEN WARNING FOR
OVER ONE YEAR THAT LACK OF PROGRESS TOWARDS A PEACEFUL POLITICAL
SOLUTION OF THE ARAB/ ISRAELI PROBLEM WAS CAUSING A STEADY
DETERIORATION OF THE SECURITY SITUATION ON THE EAST BANK. THE
FEDAYIIN WERE ATTRACTING MORE.IAND BETTER MEMBERS; THE GOVERNMENT
WAS TAKING VIRTUALLY NO ACTION TO
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SPIRIT OF HOPLESSNESS WAS INFECTING THE PEOPLE. ALTHOUGH THEY
HATE TO SAY IT, MOST SECURITY COMMANDERS BELIEVE THAT IF THERE
IS NO IMMEDIATE PROGRESS TOWARD PEACE THE EVENTS OF 2-6 NOVEMBER
GILL BE ONLY THE OPENING ROUND OF WHAT COULD BE A SERIES OF
3ATTLES WHICH COULD RESULT IN JORDAN'S ULTIMATE SELF-DESTRUCTION.
S. COMMENT:
ARE UNANIMOUS IN THEIR VIEW THAT ABU NUWAR IS TOO WEAK TO HOLD
SUCH AN IMPORTANT POST. IF THE 'KING SHARES THESE VIEWS IT IS
POSSIBLE HE WILL REPLACE ABU NUWAR IN THE NEAR FUTURE. ANOTHER
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HE BEDOUIN STRIKE BATTALIONS FROM THE PSF TO THE ARMY.
F TI-{IS WERE DONE ABU NUWAR' S CHANCES OF REMAINING PSF CHIEF
ITH ONLY SIMPLIFIED POLICE ROLE WOULD PROBABLY BE IMPROVED.)
DISSEM: STATE ARMY CINCMEAF SA CINCUSNAVEUR
9.
DISSEM
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