SOVIET INTERNATIONAL FRONTS: SPOTLIGHT ON THE "PEACE" CAMPAIGN

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06760566
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: August 30, 2018
• Case Number: F-2018-00812
• Publication Date: April 1, 1983

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Directorate of
intelligence
Sccrct
Soviet International Fronts:
Spotlight on
the "Peace" Campaign (u)
A Research Paper
ecre
GI 83-10064
April 1983
Copy ri
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Directorate of
Intelligence
Soviet International Fronts:
Spotlight on
the "Peace" Campaign (u)
A Research Paper
Informatibn available as of March 1983
was used in this report.
This paper was prepared b3 Office
of Global Issues. Comments and queries are welcome
and may be directed to the Chief,
OGI, or
(u)
This paper was coordinated with the Directorate of
Operations. (u)
�Secret--
-Seeret�
GI 83-10064
April 1983
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Soviet International Fronts:
Spotlight on the "Peace" Campaign (u)
Soviet International Front Organizations
Soviet international front organizations are a key
element in the implementation of Moscow's foreign
policy. Among the 10 major fronts, the best known
are the World Peace Council (WPC) and the World
Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). First formed in
the 1950s, the fronts have proliferated, adding region-
al and national affiliates. There are several hundred
minor fronts controlled, some covertly, by Communist
(b)(3) interests.
(b)(3)
(b)(3)
Soviet front organizations are directed and controlled
by the International Department (ID) of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union, according to reliable sources and press reports.
The ID, responsible for conducting CPSU foreign
relations, directs the activities of the fronts to mold
Western and nonaligned public opinion on high-
profile international political issues.
The fronts are giving priority in their 1983 programs
to Soviei disarmament initiatives. The World Peace
Council, the leading front and the coordinator of a
large share of all front activities, has published the
following agenda for 1983:
� Oppose deployment of Pershing II and cruise mis-
siles to Western Europe.
� Accuse the United States of making preparations
for a protracted nuclear war through a massive
arms buildup of the MX, Trident, And other weapon
systems.
� Support and encourage the nuclear freeze move-
ment in the United States.
� Obtain support for Soviet disarmament proposals
through participation in UN deliberations on world
disarmament.
� Promote nuclear-free zones for the Balkans, the
Baltic region, and the Indian Ocean.
Other major Soviet fronts have targeted selected
professions and are organized to attract and influence
lawyers, journalists, scientific workers, trade union
members, women, and youth. All these groups have
similar peace movement agendas in 1983.
The 1983 "Peace" Campaign
Reports from reliable sources indicate that Soviet
international front organizations and their affiliates in
Western Europe are well advanced in preparing for
mass demonstrations and propaganda in 1983 to
oppose US deployment of intermediate-range nuclear
forces (INF). The Soviets sponsored two conferences
in January�one in Moscow, the other in Vienna�to
rally support for Soviet peace and disarmament initia-
tives. The Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom, which has cooperated in the past with
the World Peace Council, held a demonstration in
Brussels in iMarch to protest deployment of Pershing
II and cruise missiles. The WPC itself is giving
priority to preparations for the World Peace Assem-
bly scheduleefor Prague in June.
The CPSU Central Committee has instructed its
departments and Soviet embassies to collect informa-
tion to be used in the current propaganda battle over
INF. In the West European countries where INF
missiles are to be based, Soviet front affiliates have
been secondary factors in the peace movement, but
the Soviets continue to urge them toward greater.
activity. There is a genuine grass-roots concern among
local populations on INF deployments, and many of
these concerns can be exploited by the front groups.
One of Moscow's principal aims is to discredit the
positions of Western peace movements. The Soviet
Peace Committee�an arm of the International
Department of the CPSU�has requested the front
organizations to initiate a campaign against the
Brussels-based European Nuclear Disarmament
(END) movement. END is, critical of the defense
postures of both the Warsaw Pact and NATO, op-
poses the current regime in Poland, and wants to
reopen the East-West pacts of the 1970s recognizing
the division of Germany. Yuri Zhukov, Soviet Peace
Committee chairman, recently sent a letter (which has
since been published in the West European press) to
leading personalities in other West European peace
movements in a direct attempt to discredit END. He
asserted that END includes Eastern Bloc emigres who
seek to denigrate Soviet domestic and foreign policies.
Zhukov's tactics have been ineffective, however, and,
in boosting END's reputation for independence, may
enhance the organization's prestige.
The global scope of Moscow's anti-INF campaign is
apparent in the WPC's preparations for conferences
outside Europe. The World Peace Council and its
local affiliates in Mexico and Nicaragua held confer-
ences in those two countries during March and April.
These conferences not only promoted Soviet political
objectives in Central America but also publicized
Soviet disarmament initiatives in Europe. The two
meetings were part of the events leading up to the
WPC's top-priority project for 1983, the Prague
World Peace Assembly. The rhetoric and resolutions
emanating from Mexico City and Managua included
emphasis on the danger of nuclear war resulting from
US deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles in
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Europe. The WPC probably is hoping to engage in a
worldwide effort similar to its campaign in 1977-78 to
ban the neutron bomb.
In countries where there is no pronounced indigenous
peace movement and where a nonruling Communist
party is not strenuously promoting Soviet disarma-
ment initiatives, Soviet fronts tend to be ineffective.
For instance, the peace movement in Italy, an INF-
basing country, is in disarray at the moment. The
Italian Communist Party is avoiding a close associa-
tion with the peace fronts in order to maintain broad
voter appeal. The Communist Party of France, ac-
cording to a generally reliable source, will give moral
support to the French peace movement but will not
divert resources from local election efforts.
Soviet Control
Moscow exercises administrative and financial control
of the fronts through Soviet personnel at front head-
quarters and Soviet affiliates within the front mem-
berships. According to several reliable sources, Alek-
sandr Lebedev administered the World Peace Council
and controlled its finances during his term in the late
1970s as a member of the WPC Secretariat. We
believe that Tair Tairov, his successor, now performs
these functions. Tairov's superior is Oleg Khalkhar-
din, first deputy chairman of the Soviet Peace Com-
mittee in Moscow and general secretary of the Inter-
national Liaison Forum of Peace Forces. Kharkhardin
is in the ID and presumably is subordinate to ID
Deputy Chief Vitaly Shaposhnikov and Section Chief
Yuri Kharmalov, the two officials responsible for the
WPC. Romesh Chandra of India, currently President
of the WPC, is apparently a protege of Kharkbardin.
The Soviet Peace Committee has on occasion criti-
cized the WPC for neglecting grass-roots work with
national affiliates and peace movements, the mass
base which the Soviets regard as the source of the
WPC's influence. It has complained that the WPC
schedules international conclaves in rapid succession,
leaving little time for adequate preparation or follow-
up. Chandra has been criticized for his "one-man
shows" and underutilizing his 26 vice presidents.
Soviet affiliates of the major fronts serve as channels
for ID direction and control. In the case of the
WFTU, currently headed by Hungarian Sandor
Gaspar, reliable sources relate_ that the ID provides
policy direction and the Soviet All Union Central
Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU) exercises de-
tailed control. The AUCCTU is directly involved in
WFTU regional and national operations, its training
schools, and its publications. AUCCTU personnel sit
on the WFTU general council, executive bureau, and
secretariat. According to a defector, the Soviet Afro-
Asian Solidarity Committee is a clearinghouse for
funds going to the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity
Organization (AAPSO), and works directly with the
ID Third World departments in bringing officials of
front groups and national liberation movements to
Moscow.
We estimate, on the basis of partial budgets and
reliable sources, that the major fronts cost the Soviets
$60-70 million in hard currency annually. The WPC
receives at least half of these funds. Money is dis-
bursed from the Soviet Peace Fund to the WPC
directly. The WPC's principal expenditures go to
sponsoring conferences, assemblies, and seminars to
promote its action program.
Soviet fronts are relatively well-heeled organizations
by "socialist" standards. The WPC plans at least
eight conferences in 1983 as well as attendance at
United Nations meetings and trips to the Soviet
Union by WPC officials. Aeroflot airfare and accom-
odations at front conferences are provided to delega-
tions, an attractive inducement for participation.
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Romesh Chandra (India), President of the World Peace Council. A
master at political maneuvering and lobbying, he has promoted
Soviet global political objectives through the WPC. He cooperates
closely with the Soviets, and has survived several periods of
apparent disfavor. Chandra, 63, is a journalist by training. His
wife, Perin, is general secretary of the All India Peace and
Solidarity Organization, an affiliate of AAPSO, also a Soviet
front.
Vitaly Sergeyevieh Shaposhnikov (USSR), a Deputy Chief of the
International Department of the CPSU Central Committee. He has
primary responsibilities for CPSU relations with Communist par-
ties of Scandinavia, and appears to have a secondary area of
responsibility for Latin America and Southern Europe. Shaposhni-
kov is a member, of the World Peace Council's Presidential
Committee. He plays a major role in Soviet interaction with the
West European peace movement.
Sandor Gaspar (Hungary), President of the World Federation of
Trade Unions (WFTU). Member of the Hungarian Socialist Work-
ers (Communist) Party Politburo and General Secretary of the
Hungarian National Trade Union Council. He is also a member of
the Presidential Council of Hungary, a ceremonial state body. In
1977 he was awarded a medal of the Soviet Order of the October
Revolution.
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Major Soviet Soviet Front Organizations
World Peace Council
Headquarters: Helsinki. President: Romesh Chandra of India.
Over 135 affiliates; publishes New Perspectives and Peace Courier; leads the other fronts and coordinates peace agendas among them.
World Federation of Trade Unions
Headquarters: Prague. President: Sandor Gaspar of Hungary.
90 affiliates; publishes World Trade Union Movement; has training schools in the USSR, Bulgaria, East Germany, Guinea, and Cuba; con-
sists of 11 Trade Union Internationals organized along craft or trade lines.
Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization
Headquarters: Cairo. President: Abdel Rahman Al-Sharkawi of Egypt.
Affiliated with 90 solidarity committees and liberation movements; publishes Solidarity; has an Afro-Asian Development Center in Baghdad
and information centers in Geneva, Nicosia, and Hanoi.
World Federation of Democratic Youth
Headquarters: Budapest. President: Walid Masri of Lebanon.
210 affiliates; publishes World Youth and WFDY News.
International Union of Students
Headquarters: Prague. President: Miroslav Stepan of Czechoslovakia.
118 affiliates; publishes World Student News.
Women's International Democratic Federation
Headquarters: East Berlin. President: Frieda Brown of Australia.
129 affiliates; publishes Women of the Whole World; has 11 training centers for women in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America.
International Organization of Journalists
Headquarters: Prague. President: Kaarle Nordenstreng of Finland.
114 affiliates; publishes Democratic Journalists.
Christian Peace Conference
Headquarters: Prague. President: Karoly Toth of Hungary.
86 affiliates; publishes Christian Peace Conference; has regional affiliates for Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
World Federation of Scientific Workers
Headquarters: London and Lyon. President: Pierre Biquard of France.
Publishes Scientific World; regional centers in Algiers, New Delhi, and East Berlin.
International Association of Democratic Lawyers
Headquarters: Brussels. President: Joe Nordmann of France.
64 affiliates; publishes Review of Contemporary Law.
Most of these fronts have single-issue subsidiary commissions and committees. Nearly all are represented on the Presidential Committee of
the World Peace Council. The Afro-Asian Women's Organization, the Arab People's Congress, the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace,
the Berlin Conference of European Catholics, and the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions also have representatives on the
Presidential Committee.
Unclassified
V
GI 83-10064
April 1983
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Soviet International Fr(
Spotlight On The "Pea
Moscow control
Soviet affiliates
Ten major fronts
Soviet
Komsomol
International Union of Students,
Prague
118 Affiliates
Publishes World Student News, IUS
News Service
$0.9 million annual budget
All-African Students Union
Central and Latin American
Organization of Students
World Fe
Youth,
210 Affilia
Publishes
$1.575 m
Pan AfricJ
Council o
Youth d
Framewo
and Stil
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:ronts:
;ace" Campaign
tit Federation of Democratic
oak Budapest
)Affiliates
Plifies World Youth, WFDY News
475million annual budget
Youth Movement
of European National
Committees
ork for All-European Youth
Student Cooperation
International Information
Department (IID) �
Committee for State Security
(KGB):
Service A�active measures,
disinformation
Internatic
Of CPSU
Moscow
Responsil
� Nonrulir
� Revoluti
E2=1 E=3 � Left So(
� Nationa
� Internat
� Friendsl
Soviet All-Union Soviet Women's Committee
Central Council of Trade Unions
World Federation of Trade Unions,
Prague
90 Affiliates
Publishes World Trade Union
Movement, Flashes From the
Trade Unions
$8.5 million annual budget
Training schools in Moscow, Sofia,
East Germany, Guinea, Cuba
WFTU International Confederation
of Arab Trade Unions Joint
Committee
International Trade Union
Committee for Solidarity With
Women's Internalonal Democratic
Federation, East Berlin
129 Affiliates
Publishes Women of The Whole
World
$0.4-0.8 million annual budget
11 training centers for women in
Middle East, Africa, Latin America,
Asia
Pan African Women's Organization
All-Arab Women's Federation
World Pe
135 Affili;
Publishe
Courier
$50 millio
Permanen
New Yo
Paris
Internatie
Europe
Cooper'
Internatio
for A Jo
East
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Dna' I Department (ID)
Central Committee,
bl for CPSU relations with:
ngl Communist Parties
ionary Democratic Parties
cialists
ii Liberation Movements
:iohal Fronts
hiP Societies
Soviet Committee For Defense of
immils Peace, Moscow
Soviet Peace Fund
Novosti Press Agency
una NNE TASS
lzvestia
Aeroflot
Soviet Life (Published in
Washington, D.C.)
New Times
World Marxist Review:
� Sponsors Problems of Peace and
Democratic Organizations
Commission
Soviet Committee for Solidarity USSR Union
with Asian and African Countries...min Science WI
Ice Council, Helsinki Christian Peace Conference,
tes Prague
Afro-Asian People's Solidarity
Organization, Cairo
World Federal
Workers, La
New Perspectives, Peace 86 Affiliates
33 Affiliates
Publishes Christian Peace
91 Affiliates, Solidarity Committees
Publishes Soil
fl annual budget Conference
and Liberation Movements
Regional Off ici
t,Representatives at UN, Regional Offices for Middle East,
Publishes Solidarity
Berlin, New
rk and Geneva;
UNESCO, Africa, Latin America
$1.25 million annual budget
Development center in Baghdad
Information centers in Geneva,
Nicosia, Hanoi
hal Committee for
an Security and
ation, Brussels
pal Campaign Committee
st Peace in The Middle
Conference of European Churches
All-African Church Conference
Asian Buddhist Conference for
Peace
Asian Christian Peace Conference
Afro-Asian, Latin American
Solidarity People's Oganization
(Non
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lion of Education and
:e Workers
deration of Scientific
rs, London and Lyon
es
; Scientific World
Offices in Algiers, East
New Delhi
(None Identified)
State and Law Institute
USSR Academy of Science
USSR Union of Journalists
sames
International Association of
Democratic Lawyers, Brussels
64 Affiliates
Publishes Review of Contemporary
Law
$0.1 million annual budget
Permanent Representative at UN,
New York
Arab Lawyers Union
International Organization of
Journalists, Prague
114 Affiliates
Publishes Democratic Journalists,
10J Newsletter
$0.5-1.0 million annual budget
Branch offices in Paris, Budapest
Latin American Federation of
Journalists
Afro-Asian Writers Association
West African Press Syndicate
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Regional organizations
Czechoslovakia Puerto Rico
India Romania
Iraq Ireland
Cuba El Salvador
Soviet Union (2)8 Namibia
Lebanon
Argentina I
Chile (2)
Vietnam
India
National affiliates represented
Senegal Ghana
North Korea Hungary
Sudan (2)
North Korc
with officers on front
executive committees and
Poland Somalia
Chile Cyprus
Panama East Germany
Soviet Link
Cuba
Hungary
secretariats
Vietnam
Sierra Lea
Colombia (
South Yen'
Italy
Iraq
Fronts of fronts; subsidiary
organizations b
a Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of
representatives to the front executive committees and
secretariats.
bDotted line indicates indirect relationship or control.
National Union of Ghana Students,
Accra
African Youth Command, Accra
General Union of Palestinian
Students, Beirut
Union of P
Internation
Friendsh
Internation
Exchang
Internation
Children
Moveme
Youth Wor
Intern atior.
Commit'
Leisure
Internation
Solidarit
Workers
Internation
Commiti
People g
Internation
Commit1
Disarma
589058 3-83
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Organization of African Trade
Union Unity
Permanent Congress for Trade
Union Unity of Latin American
Workers
East Germany
Hungary
Indonesia
Australia Romania
a (2)
Portugal
India (3)
Iraq
Finland Mexico
Venezuela
Czechoslovakia (3)
North Korea
India (2) Iraq
Dominican
Benin (2)
Lebanon
Algeria West Germany
Republic
Uruguay
Madagascar
Cuba Argentina
Romania
Sudan
Mongolia
Japan Chile
rea
Finland
Soviet Union
East Germany
Soviet Union (2) Bulgaria
'lion
Czechoslovia
Poland (2)
Romania
Vietnam Poland
Congo
Chile
Sri Lanka
France Hungary
Bulgaria
France (4)
Syria
East Germany (2)
,one
Poland
Argentina
Venezuela
(2)
United States
Australia
Vietnam
men
South Africa
Brazil
Angola
Somalia
Bulgaria
Congo
West Germany
Cyprus
Japan
Colombia
South Yemen
Cuba
Laos
Pioneers of Belgium
anal Voluntary Service for
ship and Solidarity of Youth
anal Bureau of Tourism and
ages of Youth
anal Committee of
In's and Adolescents'
lents (The French Cimea)
arkers Commission
nal Trade Union
ttee for Social Tourism and
nal Trade Union for
ty With People and
s of Korea
nal Trade Union
tee for Solidarity With
and Workers of Palestine
la! Trade Union
tee for Peace and
iment
Trade Union Internationals
1) Agriculture, Forestry, and
Plantation Workers TUI, Prague
2) Building, Wood and Building
Materials Industries TUI,
Helsinki
3) Chemical, Oil and Allied Workers
TUI, Budapest
4) Commercial, Office and Bank
Workers TUI, Prague
'5) Food, Tobacco, Hotel and Allied
Industries TUI, Sofia
6) Metal and Engineering Industries
TUI, Moscow
7) Miners TUI, Warsaw
8) Public and Allied Employees TUI,
East Berlin
9) World Federation of Teachers
Unions East Berlin
10) Textile, Clothing, Leather and
Fur Workers TUI, Prague
11) Transport, Port and Fishery
Workers 11_11, Budapest
Women's International League for
Peace and Freedom
International Federation of Women
in Legal Careers
International Federation for Human
Rights
International Committee for UN
Decade for Women
Women for World Disarmament
Women for Peace
Confederation of Latin American
Educators
Arab Federation of Food Workers
Arab Transport Workers Federation
Federation of Arab Teachers
Arab Federation of Oil, Mining and
Chemical Workers
World Anti-monoply Committee (Oil
Workers)
Internatio
Solidan
and The
Palest in
Internatio
Souther!,
Movement
Sovereig
Havana
India (3)
Cuba (2)
Malagasy
Vietnam
Syria
Australia (2
Poland (2)
Guinea
France
Ethiopia
Portugal
Palestine (
United King
Angola
Egypt (2)
Zimbabwe
African Nat
Congress
Internationl
Vienna
interriation
'
Committee
Forces,
Movemer
InternationSolidarit
Internationi
Rights
Commissio
Informati
Commissio
for Peace
Conimissio
Race and
Comrnissio
the New
Interriationc
Resistanc
Internation*
Solidarity
People
Anti-imperi�
Committ
Committee I
Apartheid
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A
� �-�
national Committee of
With the Arab People
DI Thai! Central Cause�
lestine, Tripoli
national Committee on
uthern Africa
!moult` for The Peace and
vereignty of The Peoples,
ulna
(3)
(2)
3asy
am
alia (2)
id (2) .../1
)ia
gal
tine (sic)
Kingdom (2)
ia
: (2)
abwe (2)
in National
gress!:
Panama (2)
Lebanon
Bulgaria (2)
Iraq (2)
Italy
Argentina
Soviet Union (3)
United States (2)
East Germany (2)
Finland
Jordan
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Chile
Madagascar
Mali
iational Institute for Peace,
nna
tational Liaison Forum of Peace
ces,
littee on the Nonaligned
mment
ational Committee for
darity With Cyprus
ational Commission on Human
its
iission on Mass Media and
rmation
lission on Scientific Research
Peace
lission on Ending the Arms
e and Disarmament
iissiop on Development and
New international Order
ational Federation of
istanCe Fighters
ational Committee for
darit9 With the Palestinian
pie
nperialist Coordinating
lmittee, Brussels
iitte&,Against Colonialism and
rtheid, Brussels
Hungary (2)
Madagascar
Cuba
East Germany
Romania
United States
India
Czechoslovakia (2)
Vietnam
Sri Lanka (2)
Soviet Union
Pax Christi International
Berlin Conference of European
Catholic Christians
Ii
Fl
World Conference
of Churches, Geneva
Th
International Commission of Inquiry
Into Israeli Crimes Against
Lebanese and Palestinian Peoples
Joint Committee With AAPSO for
SolidarltS, With Front-Line States
Commission of Trade Unionists
Egypt (4)
Iraq (3)
Sri Lanka (2)
Vietnam (2)
Soviet Union (3)
Cyprus
PLO
African National
Congress
Zambia (2)
East Germany (2)
Palestine (sic) (2)
Syria (2)
Afghanistan
Algeria (2)
Angola (2)
Benin
North Korea
Mozambique
Namibia (2)
Uganda
South Yemen
India
Congo
South Africa
Sudan
International Committee Against
Apartheid, Racism, and
Colonialism in Southern Africa
International Commission of Enquiry
into Crimes of the Racist Regimes
in Southern Africa
France (2
United Ki
Soviet Ur
Committe
Committe
Disarm
Committe
Generals for Peace
International Cooperative Alliance, London
International Commission on Disarmament and
Security Issues, Stockholm
International Peace Bureau, Geneva
World Association of World Federalists,
Copenhagen
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ee on Science Policy
ee on Peace and
lament
ee on Socio-Economics
France (2)
Algeria
Soviet Union
Egypt
Romania
Japan
Chile
Hungary
Italy
Venezuela
Vietnam
Argentina
East Germany
West Germany
Finnish Democratic Lawyers
International Committee of Lawyers
for Democracy and Human Rights
in South Korea, Paris
France
Finland
Czechoslovakia
Bulgaria
Cuba
Poland
Romania
Peru
Soviet Union
East Germany
Colombia
Hungary
Social Commission
Professional Commission
Commission for Journalists' Training
International Committee for Defense
of Journalists' Rights
International Club of Agricultural
Journalists
Center for Professional Education of
Journalists, Budapest
International School of Journalism
and Agency Techniques, Prague
International School of Solidarity for
Journalists, Havana
Latin American Information Center,
Lima
International Club of Science and
Technology
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